Gov«Bmei»\ pubUcationi 2_. O^^v^-^w^^ (^ I o^^A. ^-s- A^v we^'V v^T S .<.^-'V --*- . ...( p^ o--/vL-e^- ■/ Digitized by the Internet Arciiive in 2008 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/n21sessionalpaper50canauoft ^. ^.:;viJ?Ci SESSIONAL PAPERS VOLUME 31 ^^V*4\-]'^ '1 FIFTH SESSION OF THE TWELFTH PARLIAMENT OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA SESSION 1915 VOLUME L. ' 1 ..vi 109156? 5 Cicoriie V. Alphabetical Index to Re^^sional PaiJers. A, 1915 ALPHABETICAL l^LEX TO THE SESSIONAL PAPERS OK THE PARLIAMENT OF CANADA FJFTH SESSION, TWELFTH PARLIAMENT, 1915. Abercorn, Quebec — >-e number, salaries of employees at Customs port of in 1911.. ISO Agriculture — Report of the Minister of for year ended March 31, 1914 15 Agricultural Instruction Act — Report on lor 1913-14 93 Agricultural Instruction Act — Return re arrangements between Government and Provinces 93a Agricultural Instruction Act — Correspon- dence between Dr. C. C. James, J. C. Chapais and Provinces re 931 American citizen — re killing of, and shoot- ing another by Militia in Lake Erie, r'tc 143 Antigonish Harbour — re dredging at since 1912, etc 164 Armoury at Amherst, N.S. — re construc- tion of, etc 89 Archives — Report of work of for vear 1913 ' . . 29b Astronomer Chief — Report of for year ending March 31 25« Atlantic Ocean Freight Rates — Documents re from Nova Scotia to Dept. of Trade and Commerce, since August, 1914.. 267 Auditor Generals Report 3 Vols. — Pts. A to L; M to V ; V to Z 1 Baker Lake, N.B. — re correspondence be- tween Dept. of Marine and Fishery Overseer at 297 Barracks Property, Khelburne, N.S. — re purchase of by Government 273 Bannatyne, R. — re copies of documents respecting cancellation of entry for N. W. 5 section of land in section 24, township 35, range IS, west of 2nd meridian 104 7924^1—1 B Belanger, Theophile — Correspondence re claims made by the detention of bag- gage, etc . . 234 Belgium — Communication from Consul General of re protest of against German Chancery, etc 233 Bluff Head. Yarmouth Co., N.S. — re re- Iiairs and extension of breakwater at. 186 Bonds and Securities — Detailed .state- ment of .since January 21, 1914 102 Boots — Report of Board of Officers on, as supplied to Canadian force 91 Boots, anlile — Showing how many firms ordered from, number of, etc 117 Bow River Power and Storage Investi- gation, seasons of 1911-12-13 25c Bi-ownlee, T. A. — re medical supplies jtur- cha.sed from by Government since July 1, 1914 2C1 Bicycles — re number of firms and persons from whom Government ordered since July 1, 1914 225 C Canadian Pacific Railway: — Average cost per mile from inception to date, etc., also average rental, etc. 46 Copy of agreement between Govern- ment and re special grant respecting irrigation sy.stem in Alberta 98 Re lands .sold by during year ended September 30, 1914 106 Re Copies of O. in C. re required under Resolution passed in 18S2, since last return 115 Canadian Northern Railway Co. : — Return showing total bond is.sue of, and affiliated companies, cost to date of construction of lines composing system, etc 79 Copies of Reports of Committee of Privy Council re advances made to, and also G.T.P. Ry. Co., c^.c 190 5 Georae V. Alpliabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 Canada Cj'cle and Motor Co. — Relating to tires purchased by Government from 130 Canadian Car and Foundry Co. of Am- herst, N.S. — re cost of preparing for military purposes, etc 155 Capitally convicted persons in Canada — Statistics from 1867 to Feb. 1914.. .. 53 Caraquet and Tracadie — I'e tenders re- ceived for mail service between.. .. 191 Carslake Hotel — re purchase of for Post Office purposes 218 Census of Canada, 1911 — Agriculture, Volume IV B Chance Harbour and Trenton, Pictou Co. N.S. — re mail contract 167 Churchill and Port Nelson, Ports of — re plans, reports, and soundings of . . . . 70 Civil Service List of Canada, for year, 1914 30 Civil Service Commission — Annual Re- port of for year ended August 31, 1914. 31 Coal imported into Alberta, Saskatche- wan and Manitoba from U. S. in 1914 — duties, etc 96 " Coasting Voyages " — respecting such as defined in Canada Shipping Act since 1886 214 Commander Lieut. — Lieutenant Comman- der Engineer, and Lieutenant Com- mander, R.C.N.V.R.. Navy iia Conciliation and Investigation — Report of Registrar of Board of, year ended March 31, 1914 36o Cotton Shirts — re names of firms or per- sons from whom purchased by Govt, since July 1, 1914 260r( Criminal Statistics for year 1913 17 Customs— Report of Department of for year ended March 31, 1914 11 Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner — Report of for year ended March 31, 1914 15a Dartmouth and Dean's, P. O. Branch of I.e. Ry. — Names of persons from whom lands have been bought, etc 251 Demarcation of Meridian of 141st Degree West Longitude — Report of Commis- sioners, re 9^ Destructive Insect and Pest Act — Regu- lations under 92 Dismissals : — Avard, Fredk., of I.C.R 82 Arbuckle, Isaac, foreman carpenter on I.C.R. at Pictou, N.S 244 Blais, Alex., L6vis, Que. — Customs offi- cer at Bradore Bay 240 Bruce, Wiswell — Sectionman at Stel- larton, N.S. on I.C.R 198 Brennan, Jas., fireman, I.C.R. at Stel- larton, N.S 112 Bonnyman, Alfred H. — Postmaster at Mattatal Lake, N.S 204 Case, VV. A. — Govt. Quarantine Service Halifa.K, N.S 80 Carter, Warren, of I.C.R 82 Cyr, Emile, Postmaster at St. Hermas, Co. of Two Mountains.. 275 Day, Jos., of Little Bras DOr, N.S... 292 Dion, Ulric. Lighlkeeper at St. Chas. de Caplan. Qucl)ec 58 Employees — di.smis.sed, resigned, desert- ed to "date, etc., from Oct. 10, 1911... S5 Dismissals — Continued. Employees — dismissed, resigned, desert- ed to date, etc., from Oct. 10, 1911.. 85rt Employees — dismissed, resigned, desert- ed to date, etc., from Oct. 10, 1911.. 85!> Employees — dismissed, resigned, desert- ed to date, etc., from Oct. 11, 1911.. 85e Employees — dismissed, resigned, desert- ed to date, etc., from Oct. 10, 1911.. 85d Employees — dismissed and appointed in P.E.I, since Oct. 10, 1911, to date. 86 Humphries, A. E., Inspector of Immi- grations, Lethbridge, Alta 132 Hutchin.son, Leonard, Chief Keeper, Dorchester Penitentiary 181 Hurlbert, T. P., Postmaster, Springdale, Yarmouth Co., N.S 208 Higginbotham, Edwd. N., Postmaster, Lethbridge, Alta 274 Ingraham, H. W., Asst. Registrar of alien enemies, Sydney, C.B 157 Lariviere, Mr. — Dominion Lands Agent at* Girouard 100 Mallet. Mr. — Captain of lifeboat station at Chetica-mp, N.S 159 Marshall, Chas. H. — Postmaster at Nanton, Alta 211 Medicine Hat, and McLeod — dismissals and appts. in present constituencies of from 1896 to present date 296 McGibbon, A. R. — Customs Service, Lethbridge, Alta 108 McKenzie, Dr. John — M. D. to Indians of Pictou Co., N.S 160 Postmaster at Johnstown, Richmond Co., N.S 62 Postmaster at St. Romuald, Que. . . . 105 Pipes, Brown — Customs service Leth- bridge, Alta 108 Shelburne Co., N.S. : — J. V. Smith of (Wood Harbour) : John H. Lyons, Barrington Pas- sage ; Wm. L. Smith, Baccaro ; E. D. Smith, Shag Harbour ; J. A. Orechia, Woods Harbour J. C. Morrison, Shelburne ; Albert Mahaney, Churchover ; W. L. Sm.ith, Baccaro, N.S. ; J. A. Arechia, Lower Wood Harbour, and J. C. Morrison, Shelburne, N.S Thomas, John, Postmaster at Ham- mond's Plain, N.S 205 Thomson, V/. M., Postmaster at Fort Qu'Appelle, Sask Dominion Police Force — Statement relat- ing to for year 1914 Dominion Trust Company — documents re incorporation of, etc Dominion Trust Company respecting cer- tain Act passed by Legislature of B.C., relating to Dominion Lands Survey Act, O. in C. from Dec. 13, to January 15, relating to. Dominion Lands Survey Act, O. in C. from January 1914 to February 1915. Dominion Lands within 4 0 mile Ry. Belt in B.C. — O. in C. in 1914 ?-e Dominion Lands — 40 mile Ry. Belt B.C. — O. in C. re between Dec. 1913, and Jan. 15, 1915 Drill Shed or armoury at Inverness, In- verness Co., N.S. — Correspondence re. . Duck Mountain Timber lleserve — docu- ments re placing of settlers on home- steads of, etc 139 139a -20r.a 244 69 121 121a 128 128a 12Sb 128c 123 259 2 5 George V. Alpliabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 E Estimates required for service of Domin- ion, year enrting March 31, 1916 3 Estimates Supplementary for service of Dominion, year ending March 31, 1915. 4 Estimates Further Supplementary for service of Dominion, year ending Marcli 31, 191.5 5 Estimates Further Supplementary for service of Dominion, year ending March 31, 1916 5g Edmundston, X. B. — Clair N.B., and Green River, X.B.. re customs money collected at for last five years . . . . 137 Elections — By, held during year 1911.. 18 Empress of Ireland — Report of Royal Commission, and evidence relating to. 2\h Engineer Officers — Regulations re classi- fication of 43b " Eureka." Str. — names of sailors em- ployed on, years 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913. 73 European War — Memo, respecting work of Dept. of Militia and Defence re 1914-13 75 E.Kchequer Court of Canada — Rules, or- ders, etc., made in Feb. 1915 54a Exchequer Court of Canada — Rules, or- ders, etc 54 E.xperimental Farm — Report of Director of, etc., for year ending March 31, 1914 16 Express Companies — agreements entered into between Depts. of Fisheries and Railway, etc 59 Express Statistics of the Dominion of Canada, year ended June 30, 1914.. 20e Experimental Farms. Report of Director of, for year ending March 31, 1914, Vol. II 16 External Affairs — Report of Secy, of State for, for year ended March 31, 1914 29n F Farrington, J. F. — B. H. Smith, and H. C. Dash — re moneys paid to, etc. ... 56 Ferguson, Thos. R. — Report of re Blood Indian Reserve, etc 266 Ferguson, Thos. R. — Return re Riding Forest Reserve, etc 268 Ferguson. Thos. R. — Copies O. in C. — P. C. 1109 and P. C. 15S9 — re appointment of as commissioner 291 FergTison, Thos. R. — Report of re " Cra- ven Dam," Walter Scott, Lieut. Gov- ernor Brown, and J. G. Turriff 290 Ferguson. Thos. R. — Report of Grazing Ranch No. 2422, J. G. Turriff, A. J. Adamson and J. D. McGregor 289 Ferguson, Thos. R. — Timber Berths 107 and llOS, W. H. Xolan, A. W. Eraser, and J. G, Turriff 288 Ferguson, Thos. R. — Aylwin Irrigation Tract, E. A. Robert and J. B. Mc- Gregor 287 Re Bulletin Co., Hon. F. Oliver and G. T. P. Railway Co 286 Ferguson, Thos. R. — Southern Alta. Land Co., Ltd., Grand Forks Cattle Co., J. D. McGregor, Arthur Hitchcock, etc.... 285 Ferguson, TIios. R. — Blood Indian Reserve and Frank I'edley 284 Ferguson, Tho.s. R. — Kananaskis Coal Co. Ltd., Howard Douglas, Geo. E. Hunter, Walter Garrett, etc 283 Ferguson, Thos. R. — Timber Berths 5 50 J and 528, H. Douglas. R. E. A. Leach, D. J. McDonald, etc 2S2 79240— H P Ferguson, Thos. R. — re (a) Dominion Lands; re (b)' Timber and Mineral Lands, etc. ; re (c) Water Power and rights; (d) Indian Lands and Indian Reserves 281 Report of to investigate all matters re Dominion Lands, Indian Lands, Re- serves, Water Powers, etc., since July, 1896, etc 281 Foster, Wni. Gore, of Dartmouth, N.S., re appointment of as Inspector of Indian Reserves 176 Fenian Raid Volunteer Bounty — re names, addresses, etc., to whoan paid in Co. of Yarmouth, N.S 143 Fenian Raid Volunteer Bounty — re nam.es, addresses, etc., to whom paid in Co. of Guysborough, XTS 146 Fenian Raid Volunteer Bounty — re names, addresses, etc., to v.-hom iiaid in Co. of Antigonish, N.S.. .. .. .. 150 Fenian Raid Volunteer Bounty — re names, addresses, etc., to whom paid in Co. of Pictou, N.S 162 Fenian Raid Volunteer Bounty — re names, addresses, etc., to whom paid in Co. of Pictou, N.S 152a Fenian Raid Volunteer Bounty — re names, addresses, etc., to whom paid in Co. of Inverness, N.S 226 Ferguson, G. Howard — re Investigations held by ; also fees paid to since Oct., 1911 S3 Ferry service, between Halifax and Dart- mouth, N.S. — re establishment of . . . . 213 Ferguson, Thos. R. — Report of re Indian Lands. Jas. A. Smart, F. Pedley and W. T. White 266 Fisher, Ward, Shelburne, N.S. — Fishery Inspector — re amounts of money paid to years 1912, 1913 144 Fisheries in tidal waters — re proposed transfer of from Provincial to Federal control 228 Fisheries in Quebec Province — re control of — also List of licenses granted by either Govts, for present year 230 Flannel shirts — re number of firms or persons from whom Govt, purchased same since July 1, 1914 260 Flynn, Wm. — re Instructions sent to re- garding investigations re employees of Marine and Fisheries in Bonaventure Co., Que., etc 57 Food-stuffs — exportations to foreign coun- tries other than United Kingdom.. .. 120 Forest Reserves and Park Act — Orders in Council re (between Dec. 1913 and Jan. 14) 127 Forest Reserves and Park Act — Orders in Council re between May, 1914 and July, 1914 127a Forage Caps — re number of firms, eto., from whom Govt, ordered same since July 1, 1914 237 Freight rates charged years 1912-13 on wheat by C.P. Ry.'.s, lines, Allan lines, and Canadian Northern Ry.'s lines from Canadian I'orts to those of Unit- ed Kingdom 81 Fresh Fish re transportation of betv,'een ports in N.S. and United States. . . . 153 5 George V. Alphabeliciil Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 G Geographic Board Report of for year 1914 25J Georgian Bay Canal — respecting peti- tions, documents, etc., re construction of from Sept. 21, 1911 72a Geological Survey — Report of for year 1913 26 Georgian Bay Canal — Return re propos- als to Government for construction of, etc 72 Gingras, J. E., re appointment of as post- master St. Romuald, Que 209 Governor General's Warrants, etc., issued since last session of rarliament, 1914- 1915 64 Government offices — re answer in Han- sard page 161, respecting furnishing of same 193 Grain — >-e results of all grain per grade in terminal elevators in Port Arthur and Fort William in 1912, 1913, 1914.. 235 Grand Etang — re conduct of Postmaster at since appointment at to date.. .. 210 Green Harbour and vicinity — re regula- tion of fish traps in 213 Gutelius, F. P. — re naturalization of, etc. 141 H Heard, David, and Sons — re mail con- tract with between Whitby and G. T. Ry. Station 189 Highwater, Que. — re number of, salarie.s, etc., employees at customs port of. . 179 Homestead lands in Saskatchewan — re fractional areas of sold in 1914 192 Hopper, Newton — re suspension of as Conductor on I.C.R., etc 197 Horses — Valcartier CamiD — re names of parties purchasing same — prices paid, etc 272 Hudson Bay or James Bay — re number of ships chartered by Govt, to go there since Oct. 1911 148 Hudson Bay or .Tames Bay — re number of ships employed by Railway Dept., amt. expended, etc 148a Hydiographic Survey — British Columbia. Report of for year 1913 2 Intercolonial Railway : — Tenders re ijurchase of cars for in years 1912-1913 45 Documents re purchase of cars for in years since July 1, 1914 45o Freight revenue for certain stations on for years 1913-1914 47 ■ Names of Staff in several Depts. at Moncton — Salaries, etc 48 Return asking if official statement re wages to be j)aid to officials absent on active service, etc 113 Return re the supplying of ice for same at Port Mulgrave, N.S 118 Return re sale of hay on lands belong- ing to in Parish of Bic, Rimouski Co 196 Return re Inward tonnage freight, and outward do, January, 1915 199 Imperial Conference — Correspondence since January 1, 1915 as to calling of re Naval Defence 149 Indian Affairs — Report of Department of for year ending March 31, 1914.. .. 27 Indian Reserve, Restigouche, Que. — Docu- ments, etc., re "7 In.surance — Report of Superintendent of for year 1914 8 Insurance — Abstract of statement of for year ended December 31, 1914 9 Inverness Co., N.S., re amounts expended by Dept. of Public Works in, from 1896 to 1915 187 Inland Revenues : — Reports, Returns and Statistics of for year ended March 31, 1915. Part I. — Excise 12 Part II. — Inspection of Weights and Measures, Gas and Electricity.. .. 13 Part III. — Adulteration of Food.. .. 14 International Purity Congress — Report of Government Delegates attending. . . . 142 Interior — Annual Report of Department of year ending March 31, 1914, Vol. I. 25 Interior, re appointments to Dept. of, in Constituencies of Medicine Hat and McLeod — names of, etc 241 Irrigation Act — O. in C. passed between Dec. 1913, and January, 1915, re.. .. 129 Isle Perrot — re Construction of bridge to connect with mainland at Vaudreuil.. 182 Island of Montreal — re Construction of bridge between and mainland at Vau- dreuil lS2a Jordan Breakwater, Shelburne Co., N.S. — re repairs, etc., to same 185 Judges — re appointment of since Febru- ary, 1913 51 Justice — Report of Minister of re Peni- tentiaries, etc 34 K Kit-bags, re purchase of by Govt, since July 31, 1914 262 Labour, Report of Department of for year ended March 31, 1914 Lakes of Two Mountains. St. Francis and St. Louis — re rescinding of prohibition of net fishing in, 1915 231 Lethbridge — re supplies, etc., for field battery being trained at, etc Librarians of Parliament — Joint Report 36 163 of. Liquors spirituous, c'gar^. cignrcttcs .and tobacco — cpiaiility of taken out of bond in Aug., 1914 at I'orts in Dominion.. 40 236 5 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 List of Shipping for Canada up to De- cember 31, 1914 22 Loans^7-e correspondence on subject of — from Imperial Go\n. to Canadian Govt 156 LoV)Sters — re licenses to pack issued by Go\'t., issued between Jan. 1, 1912, and Jan. 2, 1913 280 Lower Burlington, N.S. — re construction of wharf at 184 Lower AVood Harbour, N.S. — re proposed wharf at 220 Lumber Supply to Militia Dcpt. re train- ing Camps at Medicine Hat and Cal- gary 270 Lynch, Margaret — re expropriation of lands belonging to in Fredericton, N. B., by I.C.R 200 M Mails : — Carrying of between Grand River Falls and Grand River, N.S 61 Relating to contract between Armagh Station and Mailloux, Bellechasse Co. 133 Relating to documents connected with tenders for service between Low Point and Creignish Station, 1913-14. 134 Relating to contract between New Ross and Vaughan's P.O., Waterville, N.S. 135 Relating to contract between Mabou and Whycocomagh, N.S 136 Relating to contract between Chance Harbour and Trenton, N.S 167 Relating to contract awarding of at Maria Capes, Bonaventure Co., in 1914 368 Relating to contract for rural delivery in Township of Dundee, Huntingdon, Que 169 Relating to proposed service between ■ Lower South River and South Side Harbour, N.S 170 Relating to carriage of between Canso and Guy^borough, documents re since 1914 171 Relating to route, proposed change in from Inverness' Ry. Station to Mar- garee Harbour, N.S 173 Relating to rural route from River John to Hedgeville, I'ictou Co., N.S. 232 Relating to contract for the carry- ing of between Guysborough and - Erinville, N.S 243 Relating to contract for the Antig- onish-Sherbrooke mail service, etc. . 24') Relating tc> proposed rural delivery be- tween Pictou and Saltsprings, N.S. . 246 Relating to proposed rural service from Bridgetown to Granville Ferry, An- napolis Co., N.S 247 Relating to nHTnes, etc., of rural car- riers in Counties of Chicoutimi and Saguenay and carriers, etc., for St. Prime and St. Louis de Metabet- chouan 276 Marine and Fislierie.s — Annual Report of for 1913-1914 — Marine 21 I M Marine and Fisheries — Annual Report of for 1913-1914— Fisheries 39 Marine Biology — 1911-1914 — Part I.. .. 39& Marine and Fisheries — Supplement to for year 1913-1914, "Steamboat Inspec- tion Report " 23 Margaree Lobster Hatchery — correspond- ence re collecting of spawn for, etc. . 95 IMassonville, Que., re number of, salary, names of officials at Customs port of. 178 Mate in R.C. Navy — establishment of rank in 43 Marois, G. A. — re appointment of to Cus- toms office at Quebec 209 -Jedicine Hat, City of — re money spent for Government relief^to whom given, etc 138 Militia Council, Report of for vear ended March 31, 1914 35 Alilitia General Orders promulgated to peiiod between Nov. 25, 1913, and Dec. 24, 1914 73 Medical Supplies purchased from T. A. Brownlee, Ottawa City 2 51 Mines Branch — Report of for calendar year 1913 26o Miscellaneous Unforeseen E.xpenses — Statement of from August, 1914, to P^ebruary, 1915 65 Moncton, N.B. — re names, salaries, etc., of employees at — also names of those superannuated, etc 250 Montgomery, Geo. A., late — re value, etc., of estate of, etc 52 Motor-trucks — re number sent with first contingent — from whom purchased, etc. 119 Motor Cycles — number of firms or per- sons from whom Go-\'t. has ordered same, since July 1, 1914 227 Mc McKeown, A. H. — re appointment of to Immigration service at Lethbridge, Alta McDonald, W. B. — re medical supplies, and other goods purchased from by Govt, since Aug. 1, 1914 N Naval Service — Report of Department of for year ending March 31, 1914 Naval Service — Orders in Council re Rates of pay, separation anoyances, etc New Brunswick and P. E. I. Railway — Correspondence re purchase of Newspapers in CaTiada — List of in which advertisements have been inserted by the Govt, between Oct. 10, 1911, and l>resent date Newspapers in Canada — List of in which advertisements h.ave been inserted by Govt, between Oct. 10, 1906, up to Oct. 1911 131 265 38 44 202 S4 84a 5 George V. Alphabetieal Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 N Nickel — Correspondence '-e control of ex- portation of, etc North Sydney — Port of — re names, ton- nage, registry, etc., of all foreign fish- ing vessels, in 1913 ■74 50 Officers commissioned to 17th N. S. Regt. at Valcartier before sailing for Eng- land 1^1 Oliver equipment — Number of firms and individuals ordered from since July 1, 1914 175 Ottawa Improvement Commission — Re- ceipts and expenditures of to March 31, 1914 67 Overseas Contingents — purchase respect- ing— also Army contracts under O. in C, re 123 Parry Island re advertisements and docu- ments connected with purchasing, etc. Paradis, T§lesphore, of Levis, correspon- dence, etc., re claim of against I.C.R. . Pensionary Assistance — re providing of for disabled officers and men on active service Pelletier, Hon. and W. B. Nantel, Hon. letters of resignation of , etc Pictou-Mulgrave-Cheticamp Steamship route — Correspondence, etc., re Phinney's Cove and Young's Cove. An- napolis Co., N.S., re breakwater at.. Port Daniel West — re Lobster hatchery at season of 1914 Portneuf, Que. — re amount of money ex- pended by Govt, from July, 1896 to 1911 Post Offices : — Relating to site of at St. Lazare Vil- lage, Co. of Bellechasse, Que . . . . Post Offices in Nova Scotia re amount of money sent through in past five years, etc Post Offices in Counties of N.S. — re rent allowances, etc Postmaster General — Report of for year ended March 31, 1914 Post Offices — Total number, salaries, etc., of 'employees at — Montreal, Toronto. Winnipeg, Halifax, Quebec, St. John, N.B., and Vancouver Port Hawkesbury — re purchase of a site for public building at Prince Edward Island Ry. — Names, posi- tions, and salaries of appointees to, from 1912 to 1914 Prince Edward Island Ry. — Names, ad- dresses, etc., salaries of appointees from 1911, to present date Prisoners of War in Canada — Number of since war, names of places of deten- tion, etc 99 277 206 90 76 219 212 140 63 107 60 24 172 222 49 49a Prisoners of War in Canada — Number of, cost of each detention camp, etc. . . . Ilia Prospect, Halifax Co., N.S. — re construc- tion of extension to breakwater at. . . . ii,i. Public Accounts for year ended March 31, 1914 2 Public Works — Report of Minister of for year ended March 31, 1914 19 Public Printing and Stationery — Report of for year ended March 31, 1914 32 Quebec Board of Trade — Copies of au papers between, and Dept. of Rys. and Canals re trains in section of N.T. Ry., between Cochrane and Quebec City.. 114 Quebec Oriental Ry. and Atlantic, Quebec and Western Ry. — re tariff on Hour shipments '?03 B Radiotelegraph Regulation 106, etc. ... 42 Radiotelegraph Regulation amendment to Nos. 103 and 104 42 Regiment 17th of N.S. — alleged ill treat- bent of at Salisbury Plain 154 Refund — statement of re Customs Duties, for year ended March 31, 1914.. .. 126 Remount Commissioners — re appointment of — general instructions, etc 116 Regina Citv of — re properties acquired by Go^i:. "in since Sept. 21, 1911.. .. 183 Regina City — re properties acquired by Govt, since Sept. 21, 1911 217 Royal Northwest Mounted Police — Re- port of for year 1914 28 Roval Society of Canada — Statement of affairs of up to April 30, 1914 68 Railways and Canals — Report of Dept. of for period from April 1, 1913, to March 31, 1914 20 Railways, Canal Statistics, for season of 1914 20a Railways Statistics of Canada, year end- ed June 30. 1914 20b Railway Commissioners — With Report of Board of, for year ending March 31, 1914 20c Railways and Canals — re tenders for ice for I.C.R. at Port Mulgrave, N.S 118 Railways proposed line of from Orange- dale to Cheticamp, N.S 248 Railway Offices at Moncton, N.B. — re~ names of, and salaries paid to em- ployees at 250 liailways — relating to construction of in Co. of Guysborough, N.S 253 S St. Lawrence River — Report of Commis- ."sioners to investigate water levels of, etc 166 5 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. lOln St. John Valley Railway — Correspond- ence re operation of by I.C.R. since July, 1914 237 Stream Measurements for calendar year, 1914 25f Sackville, N.B — re roadway to Public wharf at, and spur line from I.C.R. S.O said wharf 258 ciaddles — re number of ordered — names of firms, individuals furnishing same. . 207 Sandford, Yarmouth Co. — re breakwater at and work on same during 1914. . . . ISS Salmon Hatchery — North Margaree — op- eration of, etc S8 Salmon Pond — re removal of from " Flat Lands" to New Mills. N.B 279 Schroder , Udo F. — re application for grazing lease township 40-41, R. 7, West of 3rd Meridian, Sask 161 Scoles, C R., New Carlisle, Que. — re pay- ment of balance of subsidj' to. . . . . . 201 Seager, Chas. — Commissioner investigat- ing charges against public officials — reports of, etc 87 Secretary of State — Report of the, for year ended March 31, 1914 29 Seed Grain distribution — re applications from Prairie Provinces tor same. . . . 147 Separation allowances r« soldiers of first contingent, etc. 124 Separation allowances re soldiers asking for permission to marry and placing of wives on list 124n Service shirt.s — re number of firms or persons from whom Govt, bought same since July 1, 1914 260& Shareholders in chartered banks — Li.st of as on December 31, 1914 6 Shellfish Fisherv- Commission of 1913 — Correspondence of between Dept. of Marine and Fisheries 94 Ships, Briti-sh — Copy of O. in C. restrict- ing transfer of, etc 165 Shippegan Gully, Co. of Gloucester, N. B. — re pay sheet in connection with re- pairs to same, Oct. 1914 224 Shovels — re reports respecting purchase of 25,000, per O. in C. P. 2302, Sept. 4, also further purcha.ses of same.. .. 271 Smith, B. F. — re cutting of lumber by on Tobique Indian Reserve, since March 12, 1914 177 Southampton Railway Co. — Report of Royal Commission re, etc 41 Stevenson, S. J. and Waverley Pharmacy — re medical supplies purchased from by Govt, since Aug. 1, 1914 263 Steamers John L. Cann and Wcatport III. re rewards to officers and crews of, etc. 239 Storm Signals at Shippegan, N.B. — re transfer of, etc 152 Submarines — re purchase of by Canadian Govt, by O. in C. dated August 7, 1914, etc 158 Submarines Supplementary purchase of by Canadian Govt, by O. in C. dated Augu.st 7, 1914, etc 15Sa S Submarines — Further purchase of by Canadian Go\-t. by O. in C. dated Aug. 7, 1914, etc 158& Superannuation and Retiring Allowances — Year ended 31st December, 1914.. 66 Subsidies, Railway, paid in Co. of Inver- ness, N.S. to date 194 Sweetman, J. Herbert, Customs officer. Port Daniel, Que., re charges against etc , 242 'telephone Statistics for year ended .Tune 30, 1914 iTelegraph Statistics for year ended June 30, 1914 Three Rivers : — Number of employees and salaries paid to at Post Office on Sept. 21, 1911 ; number of employees and salaries paid to at Post Offive a tpresent date ; Customs Dept. at, number of em- ployees on Sept. 21, 1911, and at pre- sent date : Inland Revenue Dept. at employees on Sept. 21, 1911, and at present date; Public Works on the St. Maurice, Co. of Champlain, number of employees on in 1911-12 ; Public "Works on the St. Maurice, Co. of Champlain, number of employees in since that date ; Employees on such work dismissed in Nov. 1914, and Jan. 1915 — Wilde Lavalle, Pierre Thivierge, Joseph Paquin, sr., Jo.s. Paquin, jr., and Athanase Gelina.s, Clerks, etc Titles, number.s, and cost of all books and pamphlets issued by King's Printer to March 31, 1914 Topographical Surveys Branch for vear 1912-13 ! . . Transcontinental Railway — Report of Commissioners of for vear ended March 31, 1914 Transcontinental Railway — Interim Re- l)ort of Commissioners of for nine months ended Dec. 31, 1914 Transcontinental Railway — re freight rates of N. B. portion of, and removal of Y at Wapski, Victoria, N.B Trade and Commerce : — Part I — Canadian Trade (Imports and E.xports) 20d 20/ Part II — Canadian Trade — . France Germany United States United Kingdom Part III — Canadian Trade, except- France Germany United Kingdom , United States Part IV — Miscellaneous Information.. Grain Part V — Report of Board of Commissioners for Canada.. 278 71 25b 37 37a 2.-.fi 10 10a 106 10c lOd r> George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 T-rade and Commerce — Continued. Part VI — Subsidized Steamships Ser- vice lOe Part VII — Trade of Foreign Countries — Treaties and Conventions 10/ Trade Unions — Annual Return respect- ing . ; 101 Trawlers, Steam — re clearing of from Ports on Atlantic Seaboard of Canada. 269 Transports hired conveyances of troops and material to England — names, own- ers, etc 109 Transport Wagons purchased for second and third contingents — number and from whom, etc 110 Trois Pistoles, Pulp and Lumber Co. — re burning of buildings of, on I.C.R 249 Trust Companies — re names of complying with Trust Companies Act of 1914.... 293 U Unclaimed Balances ; Dividends unpaid, etc., prior to Dec. 31, 1913 7 Underwear — re numljer of suits of — names and members of firms or per- sons from whom purchased by Govt, since July 1, 1914 " 264 Uniforms, Soldiers — re number of firm;?, individuals ordered from since July 1, 1914 174 Vale Railway in Co. of Pictou, N.S. — re purchase or lease of since 1911.. .. 195 Valcartier Camp — re lands taken pos- session of by Govt., etc 295 Valcartier Camp — Horses at — names of parties purchasing same and prices paid, etc 272 Veterinary Director General — Report of for year ended March 31, 1914.. .. 15b W War Appropriation Act — Correspondence between Auditor General and Govt. — re expenditures under 122 War Appropriation Act — Correspondence between Auditor General and Go\t. — re expenditures under 122a Wakeham, Dr. Wm. — re report of re- specting losses in storms in Bale Cha- leur, etc., June, 1914 238 Winter Shirts — re number of firms, per- sons from whom Govt, bought same since July 1, 1914 260c Wisewell, Bruce — re dismissal of, etc. . 198 Wharves in Co. of Shelburne, N.S. — East" Green Harbour and Gunning Cove. . . . 216 Wheat — re copies of documents respect- ing removal of customs duties on, en- tering Canada, etc 103 Wheat, oats and barley — re quantity pur- chased by Govt, in 1914, for seed dis- tribution in We.gt 234 Windsor Branch, I.C.R. — re leasing or tran.sfer of to C.P.R 252 Wright, Pontiac and Labelle, Counties — of — re amounts of money e.xpended since 1911 223 Yukon Territory — Ordinances of for year 1914 55 6 George V. Alphabetioal Lidfx to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 See also Alphabetical List, Page 1. LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS Arranged in Numerical Order, with their titles at full length; the dates when Ordered and when presented to the Houses of Parliament; fJie uame of the Senator or Member who moved for each ^Sessional Paper, and whether it is ordered to, be Printed or Not Printed. CONTENTS OF VOLUME D. Fifth Census of Canada, 1911, — Agriculture, Volume IV. Presented by Hon. Mr. Foster, February h, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1. (This volume is bound in three parts), 1. Report of the Auditor Generil for the year ended 31st ^March. 1914, Volume I. Parts A, B and A to L ; Volume II, Parts M to U ; Volume III, Parts V to Z. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, February 9, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2. " 2. The Public Accounts of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, February 9, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 3. Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year ending on 31st March, 1916. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, February 8. 1915. Printed for distribution emd sessional papers. 4. Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year eml- ing on the 31st March, 1915. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, March 9, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 5. Further Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of the Dominion for the year ending on the 31st March, 1915. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, March 27, 1915. Printed for distributio7t and sessional papers. 5«. Further Supplementary Estimates for year ending .'Hst March, 1916. Presented by Hon. Mr. While, March 31, 1915 Print' d for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3, 6. List of Shareholders in the Chartered Banks of the Dominion of Canada as on 31st Decem- ber, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, February 9, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4. 7. Report on certified cheques, dividends, unclaimed balances and drafts or bills of exchange remaining unpaid in Chartered Banks of the Dominion of Canada, forfi ve years and upwards prior to 31st December, 1913. I'resented by Hon. Mr. White. April 10, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5. (This volume is bound in two parts). 8. Report of Superintendent of Insurance for year 19] 4. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 1915. Pri7>ted for distribittion and sessional papers. 9. Abstract of Statf^nient of liisiiiance Companies in Canada for year ended 31st December 1914. I're.sented Ijy Hon. Mr. Whrte, l'.»H. Printed for dislribulioii and sessiqnal papers, 9 George V. Alpliabeticiil Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6. 10. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March. 1914 : Part I. — Canadian Trade. Presented by Sir George Foster, 8th February, 191:>. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7. lOa. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1914: Part II. — Canadian Trade with (1) France, (2) Germany, (3) United King- dom, and (4) United States. Presented by Sir George Foster, 8th February, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 10b. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1914: Part III. — Canadian Trade with foreign countries (except France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and United States.) Presented by Sir George .Foster, 8th February, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 10c. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1914, (Part IV, Miscellaneous Information.) Presented by Sir George Foster, March 27 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. lOd. Report of the Board of Grain Commissioners for Canada. Presented by Sir OeorRft Foster 1914 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8. lOe. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1914. Part VI. — Subsidized Steamship Services, with statistics showing steamship traffic to 31st December. 1914, and Estimates for the fiscal year 1915-16. Presented by Sir George Foster, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 10/. Report of Trade and Commerce for fiscal year ended 31st March, 1914. (Part VII. — Trade of Foreign Countries, Treaties and Conventions.) Presented by Sir George Foster, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9. 11. Report of the Department of Customs for the year ended 31st March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Reid, February 11, 1915.. .. Printed for distribution and sessiooial papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 10. 12. 13, 14. Reports, Returns and Statistics of the Inland Revenues of the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 31st March, 1914 (Part I. — Excise). (Part II. — Inspec- tion of Weights and Measures, Gas and Electricity). (Part HI. — Adulteration of Food). Presented by Hon. Mr. Blondin, March 1, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 15. Report of the Minister of Agriculture for the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 31st Mareii, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, February 8, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 11. (This volume is bound in two parts). 15o. Report of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1914. (Dairying, Fruit, Extension of Markets and Cold Storage). Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 155. Report of the Veterinary Director General for the year ending 31st March, 1915. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 16. Report of the Director and Officers of the Experimental Farms for the years ending 31st March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, March 1, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 12. \ 17. Criminal Statistics for the year ended 30th September, 1913. (Appendix to the Report of the Minister of Trade and Commerce for the year 1913.) Presented by Sir George* Foster, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 18. Return of By-elections for the House of Commons of Canada, held during the year 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Speaker, March 12. 1915. Printed for disi ribiilioii a7id sessional papers, 10 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 13. 19. Report of the Minister of Public Works on tlie works unaer liis control for the fi.scal year ended 31st March, 1914, Volume I. Presented by Hon. Mr. Rogers. February 8, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14. 20. Annual Report of the Department of Railways and Canal.s, for the fiscal period from 1st April, 1913, to 31st March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, March 12. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 20«. Canal Statistics for the season of navigation, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 9th April, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 20b. Railway Statistics of the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1914. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, March 12, 191.5. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 15. HOC. Ninth Report of the Board of Railway Commissioners for Canada, for the year ending 31st March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, February 8, 191.5. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 20rf. Telephone Statistics of the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1914. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, March 17, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 20'". E.Kpress Statistics of the Dominion of Canada for year ended 30th June, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, 1915 Printed for distribution nad sessional papers. 20/ Telegraph Statistics of the Dominion of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1914. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, March 17, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 16. 21. Forty-seventh Annual Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, for the year 1913-1914 — Marine. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, February 8, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 'Zlb. Report and evidence in connection with the Royal Commission appointed to investis:;ite the disaster of the Empress of Ireland. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 1914. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17. 22. List of Shipping issued by the Department of Marine and Fisheries, being a list of vessels on the liegistry books of the Dominion of Canada on 31st December, 1914. Prgseiited by Hon. ]Mr. Hazen, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 23. Supplement to the Forty-seventh Annual Report of the Department of Marine and Fish- eries for the fiscal year 1913-14 — Steamboat Inspection Report. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, March 3, 1915 .. Printed for distj-ibution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 18. 24. Report of the Postmaster General for the year ended 31st March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Casgrain, February 8, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19. (This volume is bound in two parts). 25. Annual Report of the Department of the Interior, for the fiscal year ending 3Ist March, 1914. — Volume I. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, March S, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessioTtal papers. 11 5 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 20. 25a. Report of Chief Astronoiner, Department of the Interior for year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 256. Annual Report of the Topographical Surveys Branch of the Department of the Interior, 1912-13. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 1914. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. '25c. Report of progress of stream measurements for calendar year of 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 1914 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 21. 25d. Thirteenth Report of the Geographic Board of Canada for the year ending 30th June, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 1915. ^ Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 25e. Report on Bow River Water Power and Storage Investigations, seasons 1911-1912-1913. I'resented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 1915.. ..Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 25/. Report of the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey for the calendar year 1913. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 22. 26. Summary Report of the Geological Survey, Department of Mines, for the calendar year 1913. Presented, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 26a. Summary Report of the Mines Branch for the calendar year 1913. Presented, 1914. Printed for distribution and sessional papers CONTENTS OF VOLUME 23. 27. Report of the Department of Indian Affairs for the year ended 31st March, 1914. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 11th February, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 28. Report of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, 1914. Presented by Hon. Sir Robert Borden, 8th February, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 24. 29. Report of the Secretary of State of Canada for the year ended 31st March, 1914. I're- sented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 9th February, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 29b. Report of the work of the Public Archives for the year 1913. Presented, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 30. The Civil Service List of Canada, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 9th February, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional pa2}ers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 25. 31. Sixth AnTiual Report of the Civil Service Commission of Canada for the year ended 31st August, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 19th March, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 32. Annual Report of the Department of Public Printing and Stationery for the year ended 3lKt March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 6th April. ]9]5 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 33. Report of the Secretary of State for External Affairs for the year ended 31st March, 1914. Presented by Sir Robert Borden, 18th February, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessioual peepers. 34. Report of the Minister of Justice as to Penetentiaries oi Canada, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1914. Presented, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 35. Report of the Militia Council for the Dominion of Canada, for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hughes. 10th F.hruaiy. liH.".. Printed for di-'^tribution and sessional papers. 12 5 George V. Alphabetical Index to Se^^cional Papers. A. 1015 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 26. 36. Report of the Department of I^aboiir for the fiscal year emling 31st March, 1914. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Crothers, gth February, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 36o- Seventh Report of the Registrar of Boards of Conciliation and Investigation of the pro- ceedings under "The Industrial Disputes Investigation Act, 1907," for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Crothers, 8th February, 1915. Printed for distrilmtion and sessional papers. 37. Tenth Annual Report of the Commissioners of the Transcontinental Railway, for the year ended 31st March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, Sth February, 1915. Printed for dislrHjution and sessional papers. 37a- Interim Report of the Commissioners of the Transcontinental Railway, for the nine months ended 31st Decenibei-, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mi-. Cochrane, 15th February, 1915 Xot printed. 38. Report of the Department of the Naval Service, for the fiscal year ending 3lst March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 8th February, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papcr.9. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 27. 39. Forty-seventh Annual Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, 1913-14 — Fi.sh- eries. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, iith February, 1915 Printed for distribution and sessi07wl papers. 39«- P''isheries Investigations in Hud.?on's and James Bays. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 1915 Printed for distribiUion and sessional papers. 39b- Supplement to the 47th Annual Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Fish- eries Branch), — Contributions to Canadian Biology, 1911-14, Part I — Marine Biology Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, ICth February, 1915. Printed for distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28. 40. The Report of the Joint Librarians of Parliament. Presented by Hon. Mr. Speaker, 4 th February, 1914 . . Not printed. 41. Report of R. A. Pringle, K.C., Commissioner appointed to investigate into the payment of subsidies to the Southampton Railway Company, together with the evidence, etc., taken before the Commissioner. Presented by Hon. Mr. Cochrane, Sth February, 1915. Not printed. 42. Radiotelegraph Regulation 106 concerning the wave length for use by Canadian licensed ship stations dui-ing the period of hostilities, and Amendment to the Radiotelegraph Regulations, Xos. 103 (Ship Stations in Terri- torial Waters) and 104 (Ship Stations in Harbours). I'resented bv Hon. Mr. Hazoh, 8th February, 1915 ■.'. . . . _Vo/ printed. 43. No. P. C. 260, dateces Tiave been mitigated, or who have received a free pardon, together with a statement of the offences of which they were severally convicted, with the name of convicts ; dates of conviction ; nature of offence ; sentences ; and extent of mitigation of sentences and dates. 4. For a return of instances, during the above mentioned period, in whicli appeal has been made on behalf of the persons convicted of capital offences to His Excellency, the Governor in Council, for the exercise of the Royal Prerogative of pardon, or mitigation of sentences, with the name of convicts ; dates of conviction and place ; crime of which convicted ; sentences ; dates of appeal ; and the result. Presented 9th February, 1915. — Mr. Wilson (Laval).. ..Not printed. 54. General Rules and Orders of the Exchequer Court of Canada made, respectively, on the 23rd September, 1914, and the ISth June, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mv. Coderre, 9th February, 1915 Not printed. 54a- General Rules and Orders of the Exchequer Court of Canada made on the 15th February, 1915. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 16th March, 1915 Not ijrinted. 55. Ordinances of the Yui^on Territory passed by the Yukon Council in the year 1914. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 9th February, 1915 Not printed. 56. Return to an Order of the House of the ISth May, 1914, for a return showing the details of moneys paid to J. F. Farrington, $248.25 ; B. H. Smith, $469.50, and H. C. Dash, $182.40, as set forth in Hansard of this session, page 3071. Presented 9th February, 1915. — Mr. McLean (Halifax) Not printed. 57. Return to an Order of the House of the 16th March, 1914. for a copy of instruction sent to Mr. Wm. Flynn, advocate, to hold investigations into charges made against employees of the Department of Marine and Fisheries in Bonaventure County, and reports made by him in such investigations. Presented 9th February. 1915. — Mr. Marcil (Bonui>en- tiire) Not printed. 58. Return to an Order of the House of the 27th April, 1914. for a copy of all documents bear- ing upon, the application made to the Department of Marine and Fisheries for the dis- missal of Ulric Dion, lightkeeper at St. Charles de Caplan, Quebec, and the appoint- ment of Omer Arsenault in his place, and on the action taken by the Department in that connection. Presented 9th February, 1915. — Mr. Marcil (Bonaventure). Not printed. 59. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th February, 1914, for a copy of all agreements made and entered into between the Department of Marine and Fisheries or the Govern- ment and Railway and Express Companies, including the Intercolonial Railway, relat- ing to the transportation of fresh fish by fast freight or express, since the year 1906: also a copy of all guarantees given to railway and express companies by the Govern- ment or any Department thereof, relating to such transportation, together with a state- ment of all disbursements made by the Department of Marine and Fisheries each year under the terms of such agreements or guarantees, distinguish.ing between disbui-se- ments made on account of fast freight and disbursements made on account of express shipments ; also the number of refrigerator cars, subject to guarantee, by Department of Marine and Fisheries, forwarded by fast freight from Mulgrave or Halifax to Mont- real, each calendar year since 1906. and the number of tons of freight carried by such cars each year. Also the number of refrigerator express cars forwarded from said points, Mulgrave and Halifax to Montreal, up to Decembr-r 31, 1913, under the te^ms of an agreement made since 1911, between the Department of Marine and Fisheries and the railway or express companies or both. Also the number of tons of fresh flsh carried by express companies, prior to December 31, 1913, under the last mentioned agreement; and the amount paid up to December 31, 1913, by the Department of Marine and Fisheries, under the last mentioned agreement. Also the numl)er of tons of fresh fish carried by express companies from ^Mulgrave and Halifax to points west stnce 190C, on which the CJovernment paid one-third, but not undei- the terms of the said agreement made as aforesaid, since 1911. Presented 9th February, 1915. Mr. Sinclair \'xot printed. 60. Return to an Order of the House of the 20th April, 1914. for a return showing all the post offices in the several counties in the province of Nova Scotia for wliich a rent allow- ance, or a fuel fund, and light allowance is made, specifying the amount of such allow- ance in each case. Presented 9th February, 1914. — Mr. C'liisholm ( Antigonish). Not printed. 61. Return to an Order of the House of the 16th March, 1914, for a copy of all correspond- ence, letters, telegrams, etc., in the year 1913, relating to the carrying of the mail.s between Grand River Falls and Grand River, county of Richmond, and the awarding of the contract to Malcolm McCuspic. Presented 9th February, 1915. — Mr. Kyte. . . . .Not printed. 15 5 (Jeorge V. Alphabetical Index to Se.-:siona] Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S— Continued. 62. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th May, 1914, for a copy of all letters, tele- grains, correspondence and inemorials since the 1st day of November, 1911, relating to the post office at Johnstown, Richmond County, N.S., and to complaints against the present postmaster and recommendations for his dismissal. Presented 9th February, 1915.— il/r. A'3/tc Not P'-intcd. 63. Return to an Order of tlie House of the 20th April, 1914, for a copy of all papers, petitions, letters and telegrams concerning the change of site of the post office at St. Lnzare Village, county of Bellechasse, Quebec. Presented 9th February, 1915. — Mr. LcviiPnx. . . . .Not printed. 64. Statement of Governor General's "Warrants issued since the Inst Session of Parliament on account of 1914-15. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 9th February, 1915. Not print rd. 65. Statement of expenditure on account of " Miscellaneous Unforeseen Expenses," from the 18th August, 1914, to the 4th February, 1915, in accordance with the Appropriation Act of 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 9th February, 1915 Not printed. 66. 'Statement of Superannuation and Retiring Allowances in the Civil Service during the year ending 31st December, 1914, showing name, rank, salary, service, allowance and cause of retirement of each person sui^erannuated or retired, also whether vacancy is filled by promotion or by appointment, and salary of any new appointee. Presented Ijy Hon. Mr. White, 9th February, 1915 Not printfd. 67. Statement of receipts and expenditures of the Ottawa Improvement Commission to 31st March, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 9th February, 1915.. .. ..Not printed. 68. Statement of the affairs of the Royal Society of Canada, for the year ended 30th April, 1914. Piesented by Hon. Mr. White, 9th February, 1915 Not prinl/d. 69. Account of the average number of men employed on the Dominion Police Force duiing each month of the year 19^4, and of tlieir pay and travelling expenses, pursuant to Chapter 92. Section 6, Subsection 2, of the Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented by Hon. Mr. Doherty, 10th February, 1915 Not printrd. 70. Return to an Order of the Senate, dated the 16th January, 1913, calling for copy oi' the plans, reports, soundings, and other germane information respecting the ports of Churchill and Fort Nelson, so far as the Department of Railways and Canals is con- cerned.— (Senate) Not piinted. 71. Return to an Order of the Senate, dated the 29th April, 1914, showing: — 1. Titles of all boolce the 2lRt of September, 1911, and how much is still due and owing to him. 3. How much has been paid to the said G. Howard Ferguson by the Government or any Department thereof, since the 21st Septembei', 1911, in connection with any other matter whatever. Presented I2th February, 1915. — Mr. I'roulx . .Not printed. 84. Further Supplementary Return to an Order of the House of the 2Sth April, 1913. for a return showing a list of all the newspapers in Canada in which advertisements hav;^ been inserted by the Government, or any minister, officer or department thereof, between 10th October, 1911, and the present date, together with a statement of the gross amount paid therefor between the above dates to each of said newspapers or to the propi ietors of the same. Presented 12th February, 1915. — Mr. Sinclair Not jtrined. 84«. Further Supplementary Return to an Order of the House of the seth April, 1913, for a return showing a list of all the newspapers in Canada in which advertisements have been inserted by the Government, or any minister, officer or department thereof, between the 10th day of October, 1900, and 10th October, 1907, and between said dates in each of the years following up to the 10th October, 1911, tog.-thor with a statement of the gross amount paid therefor for the years mentioned, to each of tlie said newspapers or the proprietors of the same. Presented 12th February, 1915. — Mr. Thornton. Not printed. 79240-2 17 5 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S—Conti7iued. 85. Partial Return to an Order of the House of the 4th March, 1914, for a return showing: — 1. How many employees of the Federal Government of Canada, including all services and all departments, have been dismissed from 10th October, 1911, to the present date. 2. How many have resigned. 3. How many have deserted the service. 4. How many deserters have been punished. 5. How many new employees have been engaged or appointed by the present Government during the same period. Presented 12th February, 1915. — Mr. Boivin Not printed. 85a. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th March, 1914, for a return showing: — 1. How many employees of the Federal Government of Canada, including all services and ail departments, have been dismissed from 10th October, 1911, to the present date. 2. How many have resigned. 3. How many have deserted the service. 4. How many deserters have been punished. 5. How many new employees have boon engaged or appointed by the present Government during the same period. Presented 4th March, 1915. — Mr. Boivin Not printed. S5b. Further Supplementary Return to an Order of the House of the 4th March, 1914, for a retu. n showing: — 1. How many employees of the Federal Government of Canada, including all services and all departments, have been dismissed from 10th October, 1911, to the present date. 2. How many have resigned. 3. How many have deserted the service. 4. How many deserters have been punished. 5. How many new employees have been engaged or appointed by the present Government during the same period. Presented 5th March, 1915. — Mr. Boivin Not printed. &5c. Further Supplementary Return to an Order of the House of the 4th March, 1914. for a return showing: — 1. How many employees of the Federal Government of Canada, including all services and all departments, have been dismissed from 10th October, 1911. to the present date. 2. How many have resigned. 3. How many have deserted the service. 4. How many deserters have been punished. 5. How many new employees have been engaged or appointed by the present Government during the same period. Presented 12th March, 1915. — Mr. Boivin Not printed. S5d. Further Supplementary Return to an Order of the House of the 4th March, 1914, for a return showing: — 1. How many employees of the Federal Government of Canada, including all services and all departments, have been dismissed from 10th October, 1911, to the present date. 2. How many have resigned. 3. How many have deserted the service. 4. How many deserters have been punished. 5. How many new employees have been engaged or appointed by the present Govei'nment during the same period. Presented 7th April, 1915. — Mr. Boivin Not printed. 86. Further Supplementary Return to an Oi'der of the House of the 18th February, 1914, for a copy of all charges, t-omplaints, memorials, correspondence and telegrams, not already produced, relating to officials in any department of the Government since lOlh October, 1911, the number of officials dismissed, reports of investigations held in respect of such charges, items of expenditure and costs of each investigation, the names of persons appointed to oflice in the place of dismissed officials, and of all recom- mendations received in behalf of persons so appointed in the province of Prince Edward Island. Presented 12ih February, 1915. — Mr. Ilnr/hes {Kings. P.E.I.) Not printed. 87. Partial Return to an Order of the House of the 18th May, 1914, for a return showing in all cases in which Charles Seager, of Goderich, acted as Goverinnent Commissioner in the investigation of officials charged with partizanship, or other offences, from and including the year 1896 to the year 1900; and the names of all officials dismissed by reason of the reports of the said Charles Seager, the positions held by such officials, and when such dismissals took place ; with a copy of the evidence taken in all such cases, together with the commissioners reports thereon, and also showing what fees were paid to the said Charles Seager for conducting such investigations. I'resented 12th February, 1915. — Mr. Chirk (Bruce) Not printed. 88. Return to an Order of the House of the IGth March, 1914, for a copy of all correspond- ence, letters, telegrams, complaints and of all other documents in any way referring to the operation of the salmon hatchery at North East Margaree, arrd the fish pond at Margaree Harbour from 1911 to date. Presented 15th February, 1915. — Mr. Chisholm (/«i7erness) Not printed: 89. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 11th May, 1914, for a copy of all letters, telegrams. Orders in Council, contracts, tenders, papeis and other documents in possession of the Department of Public Works, and of the Depart- ment of Militia and Defence, relating to the construction of an armoury at Amherst, N.S. Presented 15th February, 1915. — Mr. Sinclair Not printed. 90. l..etters of the Honourable I.ouis P. Pelletier, M.P., and the Honourable Wilfrffl B. Nantel. M.P., lesigning their positions as Postmaster General and Minister of Inland Revenue, respectively, and letters of the Prime Minister in acknowledgment thereof. Presented by Sir Robert Borden, 15th February, 1915 Not printd. 18 5 George V. xVlpliabetical Index to Pe-ssional Papers. A. 1015 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S— Continued. 91. Report of Board of Officers on boots supplied to the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Pre- sented by Hon. Mi-. Hughes, lath February, 1915 Xot printed. 92. Regulations under " The Destructive Insect and Pest Act." Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 16th February, 191.5 Not printed- 93. Report on "The Agricultural Instruction Act," 1913-14. pursuant to Section S of the above named Act. Presented by Hon. Mr. Burrell, 16th February. 191.5. Printed for sessional papers only. 93(r. Supplementary Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 9th February, 1914, for a copj- of all arrangements made between the Government and the various provinces under the Agricultural Instruction Act. Presented I9th February. 1913. — Sir Wilfrid Lanrier Not printed. 93b. lieturn to an Order of the House of the 20th April, 1914, for a copy of all documents, correspondence, letters, petitions, reports, etc., exchanged between Dr. C. C. James, Mr. J. C. Chapais and each of the Provincial Ministers of Agriculture, in connection with the distribution and the administration of the federal subsidy granted to the provinces for agricultural purposes since the granting of same. Presented 23rd February, 1915. — .1/)-. Lapointe iKaniom-aska) Not printed. 94. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th February, 1914, for a copy of all telegrams, correspondence, instructions, recommendations, and other documents that passed between the Shellfish Fishery Commission of 191.3, and the Department of Marine and Fisheries, from the date of the appointment of said Commission to 31st December. 1913, excluding such documents as have been printed in the publislied report of said Commission. Presented 16th Februai-y, 1915. — .Mr. Sinclair Not printed. 95. Return to an Order of the House of the 16th March, I'.'ll, for a copy of all correspondence,- tenders, telegram.s. complaints and of all other documents in any way referring to the collecting of spawn for the Margaree Lobster Hatchery during the years 1911-12, 1912-13 and 1913-14. Presented I6th February, 1915. — Mr. Chisholm (Inverness). Not primed. 96. lietuin to an Order of the House of the 10th February, 1915, for a return sho\ving the amount of coal imported into Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, respectively, from the United States during the year 1914 ; also the amount of duty collected in eacli of the said provinces during the same year. Pi-esented 16th February, 1915. — Mr. Buchanan Not printed. 97. Copy of the Eighth Joint Report of the Commissioners for the Demarcation of the Meri- dian of the 141st Degree of West Lngitude. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, ISth February, 1915 Not printed. 98. Return to an. Order of the House of the 20th April, 1914, for a copy of the agreement between the Government of Canada and tlie Canadian Pacific Railway Company at the time the special land grant was made whereby the Canadian I'acific Railway Company were enabled to get their land grant in one bloclt for the purpose of establishing their present irrigation system east of Calgary, province of Alberta. Presented ISth February, 1915. — Mr. TUtrnluDn Not printed. 99. Return to an Order of the House of the 23rd March, 1914, for a copy of all letters, tele- grams and other documents in connection with the sale of any timber on Parry Island, Parry Sound District, and of advertisements, agreements for purchase and any other documents connected with such sale or grant of timber to any person or persons. Pre- sented 18th February, 1915. — Mr. Arthurs Not rpinted. 100. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th February, 1914, for a return showing reasons for the dismissal of Mr. Larivi^re, Dominion I.,ands Agent at Girouard ; the date of his appointment and of dismissal and salary at time of dismissal ; also the name of agent appointed in his place, with date of appointment and salary. Presented 18th February, 1915. — Mr. Oliver Not printed. 101. Annual Return re.'^pecting Trade Unions under Chapter 125, R.S.C., 1906. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, ISth February, 19)5 Not printed. 102. A detailed statement of all bonds or securities registered in the Department of ths Secre- tary of State of Canada, since last return (21st January, 1914) submitted to the Par- liament of Canada under Section 32 of Chapter 19, of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1906. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, ISth February, 1915 Not printed. 79240— 2i 19 5 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S~C' ontinued. 103. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th February, 1914, for a copy of all petitions, memorials, letters, telegrams, papers, and documents received by any department of the Government of Canada, or any Minister of the Crown from any company, corpor- ation, person or persons, requesting the i-emoval of any customs duties upon wheat or wheat products entering Canada, or protesting against any diminution or removal of such custom's duties, and any replies thereto. Presented 18th February. 1915. — Mr. Maclean (Halifax) Not printed. 104. Return to an Order of the House of the 20th April, 1914, for a copy of all correspond- ence, letters, documents or other papers relating to the cancellation of the entry of R. Bannatyne for the northwest J of section 24, township 35, range IS, west of the 2nd meridian. Presented 19th February, 1915. — Mr. Nccly Not printed. 105. Return to an Order of the House of the 16th February, 1914, for a return showing the name of the postmaster of the Parish of St. Romuald, county of Levis, who, it is said, was dismissed from olTice since September, 1911, the reasons for such dismissal, the nature of the complaints made against him, the names of the pai'ties who made those complaints, together with a copy of all correspondence and telegrams relating thereto, the name of the inquiring commissioner, and report of investigation, if any, and of all evidence taken at the investigation, the names of those who recommended the successor, names of the parties by whom the Government was represented at such investigation, with a detailed statement of all the accounts paid or to be paid by any department in connection with the aforesaid dismissal and investigation, the names of the parties who received any money or filed their accounts in connection with said investigation, and the amount awarded to or claimed by each of them. Presented 19t)i February, 1915. — Mr. Boiirassa Not printed. 106. Return showing lands sold by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company during the year which ended on the 30th September, 1914. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche,- 19th Feb- ruary, 1915 Not printed. 107. Return to an Order of the House of the" 10th June, 1914, for a return showing: — 1. The amount of money sent through the post offices in the past five years outside Canada from the following Cape Breton post offices : Glace Bay, Caledonia Mines, Dominion No. 4, New Aberdeen, Bridgeford, Old Bridgeford, Reserve Mines. Sydney, Whitney Pier, Ashby, North Sydney, Sydney Mines, Florence, Dominion No. 6, and Port Marrien. 2. What countries was such money transmitted to. Presented 22nd February, 1915. — Mr. Carroll Not printed. 108. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th February, 1915, for a copy of all correspond- ence, telegrams and other documents in connection with the i-emoval from the customs service at Lethbridge, Alberta, of Brown I'ipes and A. R. Gibbons. I^'csented 23rd February, 1915. — Mr. Buchanan Not printed. 109. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th February, 1915, for a return giving the names of all the transports hiied since 1st August, 1914, for the conveyance of troops, horses, stores and material to P2ngland, the name of each vessel owner, broker or other person through whom the vessel was chartered, the tonnage of each vessel, speed, rate paid per ton per week or month, minimum time for which engaged, date of agreement, date at which pay commenced, date at which pay ceased, and the total sum paid by the Government for hire and other charges. Presented 23rd February, 1915. — Mr. Murphy Not printed. 110. Return to an Order of the House of the loth February, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. How many transport wagons wei-e purchased for the Second and Third Contingents? 2. From whom they were purchased, and the name of each person or firm? 3. How many were purchased from each? 4. What was the price paid per wagon? 5. If any tenders were asked? 6. If any tenders were received that were not accepted? 7. If so, what was the price tendered at? Presented 23rd February, 1915. — Mr. Ncshitt. Not i}rinled. 111. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th February, 1915, foi- a return showing: — 1. How many persons have been made prisoners of war since the declaration of war between the Allies, Germany and Austria? 2. Where they have betn kept captive'' 3. Wliat is the name of each place of detention, and the name of the officer in charge of such place of detention? I'resented 23rd February, 1915. — .1//-. Wihon i Laval). Not printed 111«. Return to an Order of the House of the 19th February, 1915, for a s/atement in detail of: The number of prisoners of war in this country; the nunibei- under parole; the number held in detention camps; the number of detention camps, where situated, how accessible, and the number of prisoners in each. The amount of cost to Canada in each of these camps, respectively, for subsistence, pa.v. clothin.g, transjiortalion and supervision ; the nature of work done by prisoners, and the total value of same to date. I'resented 1st April, 1015. — Mr. Clark (Red Deer) Not printed. 20 5 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1015 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S—Contmnpd. 112. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th February, 1915, for a copy of all letters, telegrams, minutes of investigation and other documents relating- to the dismissal of James Brennan, fireman Intercolonial Railway at Stellarton. Presented 25th February, 1915. — Mr. Macdonald Not printed. 113. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th February, 1915, for return showing if any official statement was given on behalf of the management of the Intercolonial Railway to the effect that wages would be paid in their absence to the employees of the railway who volunteered for active service. If so, when and by whom? If any order has been made by the Railway Department providing for such payment, and if so, when the said order was made. Presented 2.3rd February, 1915. — Mr. Macdonald Not printed.. 114. Return to an order of the House of the 9th February, 1915, for a copy of all patters, petitions, letters and telegrams exchanged between the Quebec Board of Trade and the I>€partment of Railways and Canals concerning the circulation of trains on that section of the National Transcontinental Railway between Cochrane and Quebec City. Pre- sented 23rd February, 1915. — Mr. hemieux Not printed. 115. Return (in so far as the Department of the Interior is conceined) of copies of all Orders in Council, plans, papers and correspondence relating to the Canadian Pacific Railway, which are required to bo presented to the House of Commons, under a resolution passed on 20th February, 18S2, since the date of the last retuin, under such resolution. Pre- sented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 24th February, 1915 Not printed. 116. Return showing: — 1. Who the Remount Commissioners are for "Western and Eastern Canada respectively? 2. When and by whom they were appointed, and what their general instructions were? 3. Why were the mobilization orders 1913, which piovide for the purchase of remounts, ignored and civilians put in charge of the purchase of remounts? 4. The names of the purchasers and inspecting veterinary officers appointed by the Remount Commissioner for Eastern Canada, in the various remount divisions? 5. If any of the purchasers and inspecting veterinary officers have been stopped buy- ing. If so, what their names are, and the reasons given by the Remount Commissioner for his action? 6. How many horses have been purchased between 1st December and 31st January, in each remount division in Eastern* Canada, and the average price paid per horse? 7. What tlie average cost per horse is in each remount division to cover the expenses, including pay or allowances and all travelling and other exi^enses, between the said dates. Presented 24th February, 1915. — Mr. Lemieux. .Not printed. 117. Return showing: — 1. From how many firms the Government have ordered ankle boots for the various contin.gents now being equipped for service? 2. The names of these firms? 3. How many ankle boots have been ordered from each firm? 4. How many ankle boots each firm have delivered up to date? 5. How many ankle boots each firm have yet to deliver? 6. The price that each firm is receiving for these ankle boots. Presented 24th February, 1915. — Mr. Lemieux Not printed. 118. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd February, 1915, for a copy of all correspond- ence, recommendations, tendeis and other papers on file in the office of the Department of Railways and Canals relating to supplying ice for the Intercolonial Railway at Mul- gi-ave for the year 1915. I'resented 25th February, 1915. — Mr. Hinclair. Not primed. 119. Heturn to an Order of the House of the ISth February, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. How nianv motor trucks were sent with the first contingent to England? 2. From whom they were purchased, and by whom they were manufactured? 3. What their capacity was? 4. What price was paid for them? 5. If any expert was emi)loyed by the Government in connection with their purchase. If so, who? 6. If any commis- sion was paid by the (^Jovernment to any one in connection with their purchase? 7. If the trucks have given satisfaction in service. If not, what defects were exhibited? 8. If a committee was apjjointed by the Militia Department or the Government in i-egard to the purchase of motor trucks for the second and further contingents. If so, who compiised it, and what were their special qualifications? 9. If one, Mr. McQuarrio, was a member of this committee. If so, is it true he was, and is still, an employee of the Russell Motor Car Company of Toronto? 10. If one, Owens Thomas, was employed as expert on the siiid Committee? If so, what he was paid, or what he is to be paid for his services, and how long his services were utilized? 11. If Mr. Thomas received any commission in connection with the purchases of motor trucks either from the Government or the manufacturers? 12. What recommendations were made by the said -committee to the Militia Department or the (Jovernment in coimection with pur- chases of motor trucks? 13. If the trucks have been purchased. If so, how many, from whom, and at what price? 14. If it is true that these trucks were purchased from the Kelly Company, Springfield, Ohio. If so, could not efficient and suitable trucks have been procured from Canadian manufacturers? 15. If it is true that the Government has decided to go into the motor truck business by placing orders with Canadian manufacturers for parts, and supplying such parts to assemblers in Canada. If so. is it true that orders have been, or are being placed with the Russell Motor Car Company, to manufacture engines? 16. Who recommended Mr. Thomas to the Minister of the Militia or the Government? Presented 25th February, 1915. — Mr. Copp. Not printed. 21 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S— Continued. 120. Return to an Order of the House of the loth February, 1915, for a return showing whether any exportations of food-stuffs have been made since 1st August last, to Eurp- pean countries, other tlian the United Kingdom. France and Belgium, and if so, their nature and what countries. Presented 25th February, 1915. — Mr. Cockshutt. Not print ccL 121. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th February, 1915, for a copy of the petition, papers, documents and letters in connection with the incorporation of the Domi'iion Trust Company, incorporated by Special Act of the Parliament of Canada in 1912, b-'iiu; Chapter 89 of 2 George V. Presented 25th February, 1915. — Mr. Proulx. yot printed. 121o. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th February, 1915, for a copy of all the correspondence exchanged between the Department of Justice and the Government of the province of British Columbia, or any of its members, with regard to a certain Aci passed by the Legislature of the said province in 1913, being Chapter S9' of 2 George v., entitled : " An Act respecting the Dominion Trust Company." Presented 4th March, 1915. — Mr. Proulx Not printed. 122. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th February, 1915, for a copy of all correspond- ence which has passed between the Auditor General and the Militia Department or any other department of the Government service in regard to the expenditure under the War Appropriation Act. Presented 25th February, 1915. — Mr. Maclea^i (Halifax). Printed for distribution and sessional papers. 122fl- Memorandum of the Accountant and Paymaster-General and the Director of Contracts of the Department of Militia and Defence, in respect to correspondence between the Auditor General and Militia Department, relating to expenditure under the War Appro priation Act. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hughes, 11th March, 1915 Not printed. 123. Copy of all correspondence between the Minister of Finance and the Auditor General from ISth August to date, respecting purchases for overseas contingents, army contracts, or other purchases for military purposes, or under the operation of the Naval Service Act of 1910,. or imder Orders in Council relating to military matters. Presented by Hon. Mr. White, 25th February, 1915 Not rpinted. 124. Certified copy of a report of the ComnYlttee of the Privy Council approved by His Royal Highness the Governor General on the 23rd Januaiy, 1915, on the subject of separ- ation allowance to dependents of soldiers of the First Overseas Contin.gent. Presented by Hon. Mr. Rogers, 26th February, 1915 Not printed 124«. Certified copy of a report of the Committee of the Privy Council approved by His Royal Highness the Governor General on the 28th January, 1915, in respect to applications from men who have enlisted in the corps raised foi- overseas service, to be allowed to mf>rry and to have their wives placed on the separation allowance list. Presented by Hon. Mr. Rogers, 26th February, 1915 Not printed. 125. Return to an Order of the House of the l6th February, 1914, for a copy ef all telegrams, correspondence, petitions and documents of all kinds in any way referring to a drill shed or armoury to be built at the town of Inverness, Inverness county. Nova Scotia. Presented 26th February, 1915. — Mr. Chisholm (Inverness) Not printed. 126. Detailed statement of revenue of custom duties and refund thereof under Section 92 Con- solidated Revenue and Audit Act, through the Department of Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1914. — (Senate) Not pHntrd. 127. Orders in Council which have been published in the Canada Gazette betewen the 1st December, 1913, and 11th January, 1915, in accordance with the provisions of Section 19, Chapter 10. 1-2 George V. "The Forest Reserves and Park Act." — (Senate). Not printed. 127«- Return of Orders in Council which have been published in the Canada Gazette, botweori the 16th May, 1914, and 25th July, 1914, in accordance with the provisions of ' Tho Forest Reserves and Park Act," Section 19, of Chapter 10, 1-2 George V. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 12th March, 1915 Not printed. 128 Orders in Council which have been published in the Cannda Ga'^ette between 1st Decem- ber 1913, and 15th January, 1915, in accordance with the provisions of Section 5, of Chapter 21, 7-8 Edward VII, "The Dominion Lands Survey Act.' — (Senate). Not printed. 128« Return of Orders in Council which have been published in the Cajiada Gazette, between 24th January, 1914, and 6th February, 1915, in accordance with the pKOvisions of Section 77 of "The Dominion Lands Act," Chapter 20 of the Statutes of Canada, 1908. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 12th March, 1915 Not printed. 22 5 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S— Continued. 128i'- Return of Orders in Council which have been published in the Canada Gazette and in the British Columbia Ga-cttr, between 11th April, 1914, and 10th December, 1914, in accordance with provisions of Subsection id) of Section 88 of the regulations for the survey, administration, disposal and management of Dominion Lands within the 41- mile railway belt in the province of British Columbia. Presented by Hon. Mr. Roche, 12th March, 1915 Xot printed. 128c-- Orders in Council which have been published in the Canada Gazette and in the British Columbia Gazette, between 1st December, 1913, and the l5th January, 1915, in accord- ance with the provisions of Subsection id) of Section 38 of the Regulations for the survey, administration, disposal and management of Dominion Lands witliiiT the 40- mile railway belt in the province of British Columbia. — (Sfiiatc) Not printed. 129. Orders in Council passed between 1st December, 1913 and I'ltli January, 191.'>, approving of regulations and forms prescribetl in accordance with the provisions of Section 57 of the Irrigation Act, Chapter 61, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1906, as amended by Chapter 3S, 7-8 Edward VII. — (Senate) Not printed. 130. Return to an Order of the House of the 25th February, 1915, for a return showing whether the Government purchased from the Canada Cycle and Motor Company tires for motor trucks for the first Canadian Contingent and, if so, the price paid per set and the number purchased ; also whether the Government have obtained prices for tires for motor trucks far the second contingent and, if so, the prices per set so obtained. Presented 3rd March, 1915. — Mr. Gauvreau Not printed. 131. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th February. 1915, for a copy of all correspond- ence, telegrams and other documents in connection witli the appointment of A. H. McKeown to the immigration service at Lethbridge, AUierta. Presented 3rd March, 1915.- — Mr. Buchanan Not printed. 132. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th February. 1915, for a copy of all corre- spondence, telegrams and other documents in connection with the removal from office of A. E. Humphries, Inspector of Immigration at Letlibridge, Aiberta. Presented 3rd March. 1915. — Mr. Btichanan Not printed. 133. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd June, 1914. for a return showing: — 1. Wlio secured the mail contract between Armagh Station and Mailloux, county of Bellecha.sso, Que.? 2. How many tenders were received? 3. The names of the tenderers, and the amount of each tender? Presented 3rd March, 1915. — Mr. Lemienx . . .'. . .Not printed. 134. Return to an Order of the House of the 6th April, 1914. for a copy of all letters, tele- grams, correspondence, complaints, and documents of all kinds in any way connected with the asking for tenders for the mail route between Low Point and Creignish Station during the years 1913-14. Presented 3rd March. 1915. — Mr. Chisholin ( Invernen.s) . Not printed. 135. Pactum to an Order of the House of the 6th April. 1914. for a copy of all letters, tele- grams and other documents relative to the mail contract between New Ross and V'aughans post office, Waterville, province of Nova Scotia. Presented 3rd March, 191.'). — Mr. Macdonald Not printed. 136. Return to an Order of the House of the ISth May, 1914, for a copy of all correspondence, telegrams, letters and documents of all kinds in possession of the Post Office Depart- ment received since 1913, up to the present date in any way referring to the mail con- tract from Mabou to Wycocomagh. Presented 3rd March, 1915. — Mr. Chisholm (/twerw-ess) Not printed 137. Return to an Order of the House of the 25th February, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. The amount of money collected by sub-collectors of customs at Edmundston, N.B., at Clair. N.B., at St. Leonards. N.B., and at Green River, N.B., each and every year for the last five fiscal years. 2. The salaries paid in connection with each of said ports each year. Presented 3rd March, 1915. — Mr. Michaud Not printed. 138. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th February, 1915, for a return showing how much money has been spent amongst the merchants of the city of Medicine Hat for Government relief, to whom the payments were made and the total amount in each case. Presented 4th March, 1915. — Mr. Buchanan Not printed. 139. Return to an Order of the House of the 2nd February, 1914, for a copy of all letters, correspondence, pai)ers and documents relating to the dismissal of the followin;? persons from the below mentioned offices in Shelburne County, N.S. : — J. V. Smith, sub-collector of customs at Lower Woods Harbour ; John H. Lyons, keeper of lightship, Birrington Passage; William L. Smith, lightkeeper, Baccaro ; E. D. Smith, fishery overseer. Shag Harbour; J. A. Oreihia. haibour master, Woods Harbour; J. C. Morrison, liaibour master, Shelburne; and Alliert Mahaney, postmaster at Churchover. Presented 4th March, 1915. — Mr. Maclean (Halifax) Not printed. 23 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S— Continued. i39«- Keturn to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1915, for a copy of all letters, papers and documents relating to the dismissal of the following officers in Shelburne County, N.S. : Wm. L. Smith, lightkeeper, Baccaro, N.S. ; J. A. Arechia, harbour master, Lower Wood Harbour, and J. C. Morrison, harbour master, Shelburne, N.S. Presented ^ IGth March, 1915. — Mr. Law Not printed. 140. Keturn to an Order of the House of the 9th March, 1914, for a return showing: — 1. The amounts of money expended by this Goveinment in the county of Portneuf from the 1st of July, 1896, to the 21st September, 1911. 2. The nature of the work done in each parish. 3. In what year such work was executed, and what amount was expended in each case. Presented 4th March, 1915. — Mr. 8evi(jny Not print' d. 141. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd February, 1915, for a copy of all papers, petitions, declarations, affidavits, sworn statements, requests, certificates and all other doLuments in connection with the naturalization of F. P. Gutelius, General Manager of the Intercolonial Railway. Presented 4th March, 1915. — Mr. Gauvreau.. . .Not 2}>iiit-, U! on which hay is grown, and which are contiguous to the properties of Charles Lavoic, Cleophas Leclerc and Joseph Parent of the Parish of Bic, county of Rimouski. I're- sented 22nd March, 1915. — Mr. Lapointe (Kamouruska) Not printed. 197. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, 1915, for a copy of all letters, papers, telegrams, evidence taken at investigations, reports and all other documents relating to the suspension or other action in regard to the charge of drunkeness against Newton Hopper, conductor on the Intercolonial Railway, and to his subsequent reinstatement. Presented 22nd March, 1915. — Mr. Macdonald Not printed. 198. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of all letters, tele- grams and other papers relating to the dismissal of Bruce Wiswell, as sectionman on the Intercolonial Railway at Stellarton, Nova Scotia. Presented 22nd March, 1915. Mr. Macdonald '. .Not printed. 199. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd February, 1915, for a return showing: 1. The inward tonnage freight, and also the outward tonnage freight respectively, at IjOggieville station of the Intercolonial Railway for each month of 1914, and also' for the month of January, 1915. 2. The inward tonnage freight, and the outward tonnage freight at Chatham station, on the Intercolonial Railway for each month of 1914, and also far the month of January, 1915. 3. The inward tonnage freight, and the' out- ward tonnage freight at Newcastle station on the Intercolonial Railway for each month of 1914, and also for the month of January, 1915. 4. The local and through passenger traffic to and through each of the above stations, respectively, during each of the months above mentioned. Presented 22nd March, 1915. — Mr. Loyriic. Not printed. 200. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th February, 1915, for a copv of all letters, telegrams and correspondence had by Margaret Lynch, or any person representing her,' with reference to the expropriation of certain land- beolnging to the said Margaret Lynch in the city of Fredericton, province of New Brunswick, by the Intercolonial Rail- way, and also of all letters, telegrams and correspondence had with F. 1'. Outelius or any other official of the intercolonial Railway with reference thereto. Presented ''''nd March, 1915.— M?-. Carvei/ Not printed. 201. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, 1915, for a copy of all documents bearing on the payment made to C. R. Scoles, New Carlisle, Quebec, in July, 1914, of balance of subsidy voted to the Atlantic and Lake Superior liailvvay on the recom- mendation of the Financial Comptroller. Presented 22nd March, 1915. — Mr. Marcil. Not printed. 202. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of all letters, tele- grams, correspondence and reports relating to the purchase of the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Railway, extending from Sackville to Cape Tormentine county of Westmorland. Presented 22nd March, 1915.— J/?-. Copp Not' printed. 203. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of the tariff on flour shipments now in force on the Quebec, Oiiental Railwav antl the Atlantic, Quebec and Western Railway. Presented 22nd Marcli, 1915.— iV/r. jl/tun7 Not printed. 2D George V. Alpliabctical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28— Continued. 204. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd February, 1915, for a copy of all petitions, correspondence, complaints, reports and other documents relating to the dismissal of Alfred H. Bonnyman, postmaster of Mattatall Lake, in the county of Colchester, N.S. Presented 24th March, 1915. — Mr. Sinclair N^ot printed. 205. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General, of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of all correspondence, documents, charges, evidence, findings and Orders in Council in reference to the dismissal of John Thomas, postmaster at Ham- mond's Plain, Halifax County, N.S. Presented 24th March, 1915. — Mr. Maclean (Hali- fax) Not printed. 205a- Supplementary Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General, of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of all correspondence, documents, charges, evidence, findings and Orders in Council in reference to the dismissal of John Thomas, postmaster at Hammond's Plain, Halifax County, N.S. Presented Sth April, 1915. — Mr. Maclean (Halifax) Not printed. 206. Cei-tifiod copy of a Report of the Committee ofthe Privy Council, approved by His Royal Highness the Governor General, with reference to the qucction of providing adequate pen- sionary assistance for officers and men disabled or partially disabled on active service or for the dependents of such officers and men should they be killed on active service. Presented by Sir Robert Borden, 24th March, 1915 Not printed. 207. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth March, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. Fi-om how many firms or private individuals the Government, or any depart!nent of the Government has ordered saddles since the 1st of July, 1914? 2. The names of these firms? 3. How many saddles have been ordered from each firm? 4. How many saddles each firm has delivered up to date? 5. How many saddles each firm has yet to deliver? 6. The price each firm is receiving for these saddles? Presented 26th March. 1915. — :i/r. Murphy Not printed. 208. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth March, 1915, for a copy of all correspond- ence, letters, telegrams and other documents relating to the dismissal of Mr. P. B. Hurlbert, postmaster at Spi'ingdale, Yarmouth County, N.S., and the removal of the office. Presented 30th March, 1915. — Mr. Law Not printed. 209 Return to an Order of the House of the Sth March, 1915, for a copy of all letters, peti- tions, telegrams and correspondence between the Hon. L. P. PcUeticr, ex-Postmaster General and any person or persons of the county of Levis, which during the month of April, 1912, had any connection with the appointment of G. A. Marois to a position in the customs office at Quebec, and the appointment of J. E. Gingras as postmaster of St. Romuald and Etchemin. Presented 30th March, 1915. — Mr. Bourassa. Not printed. 210. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd February, 1915, for a copy of all letters, telegrams, petitions and documents of all kinds in possession of the Post Office Depnrt- ment, referring in any way to the conduct of the postmaster at Gi-and Etang since his appointment until the present date. Presented 30th March, 1915.— .1/c. Chisholni (Inver- ness) Not printed. 211. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of all telegrams, letters, papers, documents, evidence and reports, in connection with the dismissal of Charles H. Marshall as postmaster at Nanton, Alberta. Presented 30th March, 1915. — Mr. Warxoick Not printed. 212. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of the report of the officer in charge of the lobster hatchery at Port Daniel West, and of the rei)Ort of the inspection thereof for the season 1914. Presented 31st March, 1915. — Mr. Marcil. Not printed. 213. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1915, for a copy of all corre- spondence, petitions, documents, etc., in connection with a petition of Donald Williams and others in respect to the i-egulation of fish traps in Green Harbour and vicinity. Pre- sented 31st March, 1915. — Mr. Law Not printed. 214. Return to an Order of the House of the 9th February, 1915, for a copy of all correspond- ence, petitions, departmental recommendations and other ijajjers and documents in the Department of Marine and Fisheries relating to the definition of a "coasting voyage," as defined in the Canada Shipping Act since the revision of the statutes in 1SS6. Pre- sented 1st April, 1915. — Mr. Sinclair Not pHnted. 215. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of all advertisements, tenders, contracts, vouchers, letters, documents, etc., relating to the establishment of the ferry service between the City of Halifax and Dartmouth, N.S., for the employees of the Marine and Fisheries Department at Halifax, N.S. Presented 1st April, 1915.^ Mr. Maclean (Halifax) . .Not printed. 80 5 George Y. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S— Continued. 216. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1915, for a copy of all pay-rolls, vouchers in detail, correspondence and all other documents in connection with the foV- lowing public wharves in Slielburne ; breakwater or wharf at East Green Harbour ; shed on public wharf at Slielburne, and repairs to Gunning Cove wharf. Presented 1st April, 1915. — Mr. Laic Not printed. 217. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd February, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. What properties have been acquired by the Government in the city of Regina since 21st September, 1911? 2. The descriptions of such properties by metes and bounds? 3. For what purposes such proper-ties were acquired? 4. From whom such properties were purchased? 5. The total price and the price per foot paid for each property. C. If any such property was acquired by expropriation, wliat tribunal detei'mined the price to be paid for any property so expropriated. 7. The dates on which any such prop- erties w-ere acquired. Presented 1st April, 1915. — Mr. Martin (Rrijina) . .Not printed. 218. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th February, 1915, for a copy of all papers, letters, telegrams, etc., concerning the purchase of the property known as the Carslake Hotel, in Montreal, for post oiTice purposes. Pieseiited 1st April, 1915. — Mr. Lemieux. Not printed. 219. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General, of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of all letters, telegrams, reports, recommendations. Orders in Council, pay-rolls, list of e.xpenditures, names of foremen and superintendents, and all other documents whatsoever relating to or in anywise appertaining to the erection, and main- taining of breakwaters at Phinney's Cove and Young's Cove, county of Annapolis. Pi-e- sented Isl April, 1915. — Mr. Macdonald Not printed. 220. Return to an Oixler of the House of the 24th February. 1915, for a copy of all cone- spondence, petitions and documents since the .31st of October, 1912, relating in any way whatever to the proposed public wharf at Lower Wood Harbour. Presented 1st April, 1915. — Mr. Law Not printed. 221. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st Marcli, 1915. for a copy of all advertisements, tenders, accounts, vouchers, letters, documents and correspondence relating to the con- struction of an extension to the breakwater at Prospect. Halifax County, X.S. Pre- sented 1st April, 1915. — Mr. Maclean (Halifax) Not printed. 222. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of all telegiam.s, letters, petitions, reports, recommendations and documents of all kinds in any way referring to the purcliase of a site for a public building at Port Hawkesbury, and al.so referring in any way to ihe erection of a public building thereon. Presented 1st April, 1915. — Mr. Chisliohn (Inverness) Not printed. 223. P^eturn to an Order of the House of the Sth March, 1915, for a return showing all amounts of money expended upon public works in the counties of Wright, Pontiac and Labelle from October. 1911, to date. Presented 1st April, 1915. — Mr. Devlin. ^ot printed. 224. Return to an Order of the House of the 17th March, 1915, for a copy of the pay-sheet for the month of October, 1914, in connection with repairs to the breakwater at Ship- pigan Gully, Gloucester County, N.B. Presented 1st Aiiril, 1915. — Mr. Tnrfieon. Not printed. 225. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth March, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. From how many firms or private individuals the Government, or any department of the Government, has ordered bicycles since the 1st of July, 1914? 2. The names of these firms? 3. How many bicycles have been ordered fi-om each firm? 4. How many each firm has delivered up to date? 5. How many each firm has yet to deliver? 6. The price each fii-m is receiving for these bicycles. Presented 1st Ai)ril. 1915. — Mr. Kyte ' Not printed. 226. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd February, 1915, for a return showing the names and addresses of all Fenian Raid Veterans in the county of Inverness who have been paid the Fenian Raid Bounty, the names and addresses of those who have not been paid, and the names and adiiresses of those whose ai)plications ha.ve been refused. Presented 1st April, 1915. — .Mr. Chisholm (Inverness) Not printed. 227. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth March, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. From how many firms or private indivi'inais the Government, or any department of the Gov- ernment, has ordered motor cycles since the 1st of July, 1914? 2. The names of these firms? 3. How many motor cycles have been o''dered from each fli-m? 4. How many each firm has delivered up to date? 5. How many each fii-m has yet to deliver? 6. The price each firm is receiving for these motor cycles? Presented 1st April, 1915. Mr. Chisholm (Anlirjonish) Not printed. 31 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTiiNTS OF VOLUME 2S— Continued. 239. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General, of the 23rd Feb- ruary, 1915, for a copy of all letters, telegiams, reports, recommendations. Orders in Council and all other documents and papers in connection with rewards to the otRcers and crews of steamers John L. Cann 'and Westport III, for their heroic efforts in sav- ing the passengers and crews of ss. Cohequid, wrecked on Trinity Lodge, 13th January, 1914. Presented 7th April, 1915. — Mr. Law Not printed. 240. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th March, 1915, for a copy of all documents, letters, telegrams, reports, etc., i elating to the dismissal of Alexandre Blais, of the city of L6vis, from the position of customs officer at Bradore Bay, and the appointment of his successor or successors. Presented 7th April, 1915. — Mr. Bourassa . . ..Not printed. 241. A Return to an Address of the Senate dated 18th March, 1915, for: — 1. A return showing all appointments to the Civil Service, Department of the Interior, in that area con- tained ii; the jircsent constituencies of Medicine Hat and Macleod, giving names, date of appointment, how appointed, and salaries from the year 1896 to the present date. 2. Also, all vacancies by death, resigiiation or dismissal, giving name, date, length of service and cause of dismissal in the same area and during the same period. — (Senate). Not printed. 242. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of charges made against J. Herbert Sweetman, customs officer at Port Daniel Centre, Quebec, which brought about his dismissal ; and also of charges against Velson Horie, lighthouse keeper at Port Daniel West, Quebec, which brought about his dismissal. Presented 8th April, 1915.— il/r. Marcil (Bonaventure) Not printed. 243. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd February, 1915, for a copy of all cori-e- spondence, recommendations, petitions, contracts, tenders and other papers and docu- ments in any way connected with the letting of the contract for carrying the mails between Guysborough and Erinville, N.S. Presented 8th April, 1915. — Mr. Sinclair. Not i)7inted. 244. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th March, 1915, for a copy of all reports, peti- tions, letters, telegrams and other documents in connection with the dismissal of W. M. Thomson from the postmastership at Fort Qu'Appelle, and of any petition or petitions for his reinstatement, and of all correspondence in connection therewith. Presented 8th April, 1915.— Mr. Thomson {Qu'Appelle) Not printed. 245. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd March, 1915, for a copy of all letters, tele- grams, correspondence and petitions received in the Post Office Department, in ary way referring to the calling of tenders for the Antigonish-Sherbrooke mail service, which tenders were opened or due at the Post Office Department on the 11th December last ; and of all representations or requests, recommending or suggesting that new tenders should be invited as was done early in February last. Presented 8th April, 1915. — Mr. Chisholm (Inverness) ^o( printed. i46. Return to an Order of the House of the 3rd March, 1915, for a copy of all letters, tele- grams, papers and other documents in regard to a proposed rural mail delivery service between Pictou and Saltsprings, Pictou county, and as to the arrangements for the existing service between those points. Presented 8th April, 1915. — Mr. Maedonald. Not printed. 247. Return to an Address of His Royal Highness the Governor General, of the 1st March, 1915, for a copy of all letters, telegrams, reports, recommendations. Orders in Council^ and all other documents and papers whatsoever relating to or in any wise» connected with the establishment of rural mail routes and deliveries from Bridgetown to Gran- ville Ferry, county of Annapolis, and especially of all letters, telegrams, rei)orts, recom- mendations and documents relating to the closing of the post offices at Belleisle, Upper Granville, and the establishment of the post office at Granville Centre, all in the county of Annapolis. Presented 8th April, 1915. — Mr. Maedonald Not printed. 248. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd February, 1915, for a copy of all telegrams, letters, reports, petitions and all other documents in any way referring to the proposed line of railway from Orangedale to Cheticamp. Presented 9th April, 1915. Mr Chis- holm (Inverness) Not jirinted. 249. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th Maroh, 1915, for a copy of all documents, investigations, reports, correspondence, etc., relating to the burning of certain buildings Delonging to the Trois Pistoles Pulp and Lumber Company and to Andre Loblond, near Tobin station, on the Intercolonial Railway. Presented 9th April, 1915. — .Mr. La'pointe (Kamouraska) Not printed. 250. Return to an Order of the House of the 18th March, 1915, for a return showin,g the names of all ofTicials, assistants and clerks, employed in the railway offices at Moncton, N.B., and the salary paid to each; also the names of oflTicials formerly employed in said offices who have been retired on superannuation allowance, and the amount of retiring allowance being paid to each. Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Copp . . ..Not printed. 79240—3 33 5 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S— Continued. 251. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th March, 1915, for a return showing the names of all persons from whom lands have been purchased, the quantity of land so acquired, and the amount paid therefor, in connection with the Dartmouth and Dean's Post OfRce Branch of the Intercolonial Railway since the date of return numbered 12S made to Parliament at the last regular session thereof. Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Maclean (Halifax) ^ot printed. 252. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 17th March, 1915, for a copy of all correspondence, letters, Orders in Council, agreements, etc., in reference to the leasing or transfer of the Windsor Branch of the Intercolonial Railway to the Canadian Pacific Railway. Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Maclean {Halifax). Not printed. 253. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd February, 1915, for a copy of all petitions, correspondence, reports of engineers or other persons in the possession of the Depart- ment of Railways and Canals relating to the construction of a railway in the county of Guysborough, N.S. Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Sinclair Not printed. 254. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th March, 1915, for a copy of all letters and correspondence, between D. McDonald, superintendent of the Intercolonial, at Lfvis, P. Brady, genei-al superintendent at Moncton, or any other official of the said Inter- colonial Railway and Theophile Belanger, commercial traveller of the city of Mont- real, concerning certain claims made by the said Theophile Belanger for delay of baggage in transportation between Drummondville and Ma taped ia, in May, 1913, also all reports made bearing upon such claims against the said Intercolonial Railway. Pre- sented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Ethier Not printed. 255. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th -February, 1915, for a copy of all letters. telegrams, minutes of investigation and other documents relating to the dismissal of Isaac Arbuckle, foreman carpenter Intercolonial Railway at Pictou, and of appointment of Alex. Talbot to the vacancy. Presented 9th April, 1915.— 3/r. Macdonald. Not printed. 256. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th February, 1915, for a copy of all correspond- ence letters, telegrams, by any and all persons v/homsoever, had with the Department of Railways and Canals, or F. P. Gutelius, general manager of the Intrco'.onial Rail- way, or any other official thereof, with reference to freight rates over that portion of the Transcontinental Railway, province of New Brunswick, and also with reference to the removal of the Y connection at Wapski, county of Victoria, between the said Transcontinental Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway at that point. Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Carvell Not printed. 257. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th February, 1915, for a copy of all lettfei's, telegrams, correspondence, contracts, and other documents relating to the operation of the St. John Valley Railway, so called, by the Intercolonial Railway, since the first day of July last past, and of all letters, correspondence, etc., had either with the Department of Railways and Canals, or with F. P. Gutelius, or any other official of the Intercolonial Railway. Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Carvell Not printed. 258. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st March. 1915, for a copy of all petitions, memorials, letters, telegrams, communications and reports regarding the construction of a roadway to the new public wharf at Sackville. N.B , and also In regard to the building of a spur line or siding from the Intercolonial Railway at Sackville to said wharf. Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Copp Not printed. 259. Return to an Order of the House of the I5th March, 1915, for a copy of all correspond- ence passing between any department of the Government and any ofllcial of the Gov- ernment, or any other person, with respect to the placing of settlers ©n homesteads in the Duck Mountains Timber Reserve, and also of the evidence taken by Inspector Cuttle, of the Department of the Interior, in an investigation held by the said inspector with respect to the granting of entries for homesteads on the said timber reserve. Pre- sented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Martin (Regiiia) Not printed. 260. Return to an Order of the House of the 8th March, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. From how many firms or private individuals the Government, or any department of the Gov- ernment, has ordered flannel shirts since the 1st of July, 1914? 2. The names of these firms? 3. How many flannel shirts have been ordered from each firm? 4. How many each firm has delivered up to date? 5. How many each firm has yet to deliver? 6. The price each firm is receiving for these flannel shirts? Presented 9th April, 1915.— Mr. Can-oil Not printed. 260a. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth March, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. From how many firms or private individuals the Government, or any department of the Government, has ordered cotton shirts since the 1st of July, 1914? 2. The names of ifliese firms? 3. How many cotton shirts have been ordered from each firm? 4. How many each firm has delivered up to date? 5. How many each firm has yet to deliver? 6. The price each firm is receiving for these cotton shirts? Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Chisliolm {Antigonish) Not printed. 34 5 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28~Continued. 260b. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth March, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. From how many firms or private individuals the Government or any department of the Government, has ordered service shirts since the 1st of July, 1914? 2 The names of these Arms? 3. How many service shirts have been ordered from each firm? 4. How many each firm has delivered up to date? 5. How many each firm has yet to deliver? 6. The price each firm is receiving for these service shirts? Presented 10th April, 1915. — Mr. Carroll Not printed. 260c. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth March, 1915, for a return showing:— 1. From how many firms or private individuals the Government or any department of the Government, has ordered winter shirts since the 1st of July, 1914? 2. The names of these firms? 3. How many winter shirts have been ordered from each firm? 4. How many each firm has delivered up to date? 5. How many each firm has yet to deliver? 6. The price each firm is receiving- for these winter shirts? Presented 12th April, 1915. Mr. McKenzie Not printed. 261. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th March, 1915, for a return showmg : — 1. What medical supplies or other materials have been purchased since 1st A gust, li'14, by the Government, or any department of the Government, from Mr. T. A. Brow^llee, of Ottawa? 2. The quantities of goods purchased from him and the prices paid? 3. Whether the Government, or any? department of the Government, prepared a schedule of rates tos how what constitutes a fair and reasonable price for such goods purchased? 4. If so, if a careful check was made Xo see that a fair and reasonable price was charged? 5. The total value of the goods delivered up to date? 6. The total value of the goods which have been ordered from Mr. T. A. Brownlee, but which to this date liave not been delivered? Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Kyle Not printed. 262. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth March, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. From how many firms or private individuals the Government, or any department of the Gov- ernment, has ordered kit bags since the 31st of July, 1914? 2. The names of these firms? 3. How many kit bags have been ordered from each firm? 4. How many each firm has delivered up to date? 5. How many each firm has yet to deliver? 6. The price each firm is receiving for these kit bags? Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Kyle. Not prinUd. 263. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th March, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. What medical supplies or other materials have been purchased since 1st August, 1914, by the Government, or any department of the Government, from Mr. S. J> Stevenson, or the Waverley Pharmacy? 2. The quantities of goods purchased from him and the prices paid? 3. Whether the Government, or any department of the Government, pre- pared a schedule of rates to show what constitutes .a fair and reasonable price for such goods purchased? 4. If so, if a careful check was made to see that a fair and reason- able price was charged? 5. The total value of the goods delivered by Mr Stevenson, or AVaverley Pharmacy, up to date? 6. The total value of the goods which have been ordered from Mr. S. J. Stevenson, or Waverley Pharmacy, but which to this date have not been delivered? Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Chishohn (Antir/onish). Not jyrintcd. 264. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth March, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. From how many firms or private individuals the Government, or any department of the Gov- ernment, ha.s ordered suits of underwear since the 1st July, 1914? 2. The names of these firms? 3. How many suits of underwear have been ordeied from each firm? 4. How many each firm has delivered up to date? 5. How many each firm has yet to deliver? 6. The price each firm is receiving for these suits of underwear? Presented 9th Ap:i!, 1915. — Mr. Law Not printed. 265. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th March, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. What medical supplies or other materials have been purchased since 1st August, 1914, by the Government, or any department of the Government, from Mr. W. B. McDonald, of Ottawa? 2. The quantities of goods purchased from him and the prices paid? 3. Whether the Government, or any department of the Government, prepared a schedule of rates to show what constitutes a fair and reasonable price for such goods purchased? 4. If so, if a careful check was made to see tliat a fair and reasonable price was charged? 5. The total value of the goods delivered by Mr. McDonald up to date? G. The tfttal value of the goods which have been ordered from Mr. McDonald, but which to this date have not been delivered? Presented 9th April, 1915. — Mr. Carroll. Not print' d. 266. R.^port of Thomas R. Ferguson, commissioner appointed to investigate matters pertaining to the Blood Indian Reserve and the acquisition of certain Indian lands by Messrs. James A. Smart, Frank Pedley and William J. White, together with the evidence taken in the said investigation. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 10th April, 1915. Not printed. 5 George V. Alpliabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S~Co)iimup.cl 267. Return to an Order of the House of the 17th March, 1915, for a copy of all petitions, letters, documents, etc., between persons in the province of Nova Scotia and the Depart- ment of Trade and Commerce since 1st August 'last, with regard to Atlantic ocean freight rates on subsidized steamers or otherwise. Presented 10th April, 1915. — Mr. Maclean {Halifax) Not printed. 268. Return to an Order of the House of the 22nd February, 1915, for a copy of the report of investigation held about 1st June, 1914, by T. R. Ferguson, as special commissioner, into the allotment of homesteads on the area cut out of the Riding Mountain Forest Reserve in the year 1908 or about that time. Presented 10th April, 1915. — Mr. Cruise. A'ot printed. 2G9. Copy of Order in Council dated 6th April, 1915. — Regulations in respect to steam trawlers clearing from ports on the Atlantic seaboard of Canada. Presented by Hon. Mr. Hazen, 10th April, 1915 Not printed. 270. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th February, 1915, for a copy of all tenders jn connection with the supply of lumber to the Department of Militia for the training camps at Medicine Hat and Calgary, and of the invoices for the niaterial supplied. Presented 12th April, 1915. — Mr. Buchanan Not printed. 271. Return to an Order of the House of the 17th March, 1915, for a copy of all correspond- ence and reports relating to the purchase of 25,000 shovels of special pattern, men- tioned in Order in Council P.C. 2302, dated 4.th September, 1914, on page 38 of memo- randa respecting work of the Department of Militia and Defence, and also relating to any furthM- purchases of such shovels. Presented 12th April, 1915. — Mr. Hughes (Kings, F.E.I.) Not printed. 272. Return to an Order of the House of the 15th March, 1915, for a return showing thf names of the persons who bought the horses which were sold by auction at Valcartier camp, giving the price paid for each horse. Presented 12th April, 1915. — Mr. Kay. Not pi'inted. 273. Return to an Order of the House of the 24th February, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. If the Government ever leased any land at or near Shelburne, Nova Scotia, known as the Barracks property, to the town of Shelburne? 2. If, so, at what rental, and for how long? 3. If said lease is now in force? 4. If the Government has sold any of the standing timber on this property? 5. If so, when, to whom, and at what price? 6. How long the purchaser has to remove it? 7. What is the minimum size at the stump sold? 8. If the Government has ever had the property cruised by competent timber cruiser? 9. K so, by whom, and when? 10. If the timber on said pi-operty was advertised for sale, and if tenders were asked for, or any opportunity afforded to other prospective buyers to bid for this timber? ll. If any other offers were received? 12. If the tovm of Shelburne was notified before the sale took place. If so, on what date? 13. How much timber the Government estimates to be on this property? 14. WTiat steps the Government intends to take to compute the quantity of timber cut from this property? 15. If the Government is aware that timber is now being cut from this property by a person or firm who are cutting tirpber from private property adjoining said Barracks property? 16. What steps are being taken by the Government to be sure that in this case the logs are kept separate from those coming from the adjoining lot, for the pui'pose of having accurate count and scale? 17. If the Government will bring down a copy of all correspondence, cruisers reports and contracts in relation to the sale of this timber? Presented 12th April, 1915. — Mr. Laiv Not printed. 274. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General, of the 11th February, 1915, for a copy of all correspondence, telegrams, Orders in Council, petitions and any other documents in connection with the removal of Edward N. Higinbotham f i om the position of postmaster at Lethbridge, Alberta. Presented 13th April, 1915. — Mr. Buchanan Not jyrinted. 275. Return to an Order of the House of the 10th March, 1915, for a copy of all petitions, correspondence and other documents in connection with the dismissal of Emile Cyr, postmaster at St. Hermas, county of Two Mountains. Presented 13th April, 1915. — Mr. Ethier Not printed. 276. Return to an Order of the House of the 7th April, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. Who the mail carriers are for the rural mail in the counties of Chicoutimi and Saguenay? 2. The salary of each such mail carrier, and the trip that each has to make? 3. Who the mail carriers are for the rural mails in the parislies of St. Prime and St. I^ouis de Metabetchouan, and their respective salaries? Presented 13th April, 1915. — Mr. Lapointe {Kamouraska) Not printed. 277. Return to an Order of the House of the 29th March, 1915, for a copy of all documents, letters, telegrams, testimonials, reports, etc., relating to the claim of T^lesphore Paradls, of the city of L^vis, arising from the burning of his wharf and mills which were set on fire by a locomotive of the Intercolonial Railway. Presented 13th April, 1915. — Mr. Bourassa Not printed. 30 6 George Y. Aliphabetit-al ludex to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2S— Continued. 278. Return to an Order of the House of the Sth April, 1915, for a return showing: — 1. The number of employees connected with the- administration of the Three Rivers post office on the 21st September, 1911, and the annual amount paid in salaries at that date for such service. 2. The number of employees connected with the adm'.nistration of the Three Rivers post office at the present date, and the amount of the annual salaries paid for such service. 3. The number of employees in the Customs Department for Three Rivers on the 21st September, 1911, and the amount of the annual salaries paid for such service. 4. The number of employees in the Customs Department for Three Rivera at the present date, and the annual amount of the salaries paid for such service. 5.^ The number of employees in the Inland Revenue Department for the district of Three Rivers on the 21st September, 1911, and the annual amount of salaries paid for such service. 6. The number of employees at thp present dato in tho Inland Revenue Department for the district of Three Rivers, and the amount of the annual salaries paid for such service. 7. The number of employees, and the amount paid in salaries for the works on the St. Maurice, in the county of Champlain, during the year 1911-12. 8. The number of employees, and the amount of salaries paid per year for the works on the St. Maurice, in the county of Champlain, since 1911-12. 9. If the employees whose names follow, were dismissed on the 2Gth and 27th November, 1911, and the 4th and 5th January, 1915 ; Wilde Lavalee, Pierre Thicierge, Joseph Paquin, nr., Joseph Paquin, jr., Athanase G^linas, clerks. 10. If so, at whose request, and for what reasons. 11. If those days were taken off the salaries of such employees. Presented 13th April, 1915. — Mr. Bureov Tfot printed. 279. Return to an Order of the House of the 4th March, 1915, for a copy of all documents bearing on the removal of the salmon retaining pond from Flat Lands to New Mills, N.B., and of all reports on the operations thereof, with a detailed statement of outlay and cost of removal, installation and operation. Presented 13th April, 1915. — Mr. Marcil Not printed. 280. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General of the 3rd February^ 1913, for a copy of all Orders in Council, letters, telegrams, reports, petitions and other papers and documents in the possession of the Department of Marine and Fisheries, or any department of the Government, relating to the granting of licenses to pack lobster-s, and bearing date between 1st January, iai2, and 25th January, 1913. Presented 13th April, 1915. — Mr. Sinclair Not printed. 281. Report of Thomas R. Ferguson, K.C., commissioner appointed to investigate into all matters relating to, or connected with, the application for (although such application may not have been granted, or may still bo pendingt the sale, lease, grant, exchange, or other disposition by any means whatsoever, since the first day of July, 1S96, of: — (a) Dominion Lands; (b) Timber and mineral lands and mining rights and privileges^ including coal, petroleum, and gas lands and rights and irrigation tracts or lands, and the cutting of timber upon Government lands; (c) Water-power and rights; (d) Indian Lands and Indian Reserves : under authority or purporting to be under th© authority of the Dominion Lands Acts, and Irrigation Act, or other statutes of the Parliament of Canada, and the acts or proceedings of any person or corporation in relation to the matters foresaid. Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 13th April, 1915. Not printed. 282. Report and evidence upon the matter known as: "Timber Berths 550J and 52S, Howard Douglas, R. E. A. Leech, D. J. McDonald, and others." Presented by Hon. Mr'. Coderre, 13th April, 1915 Not printed'. 283. Report and evidence upon the matter known as : " The Kananaskis Coal Company, Limited, Howard Douglas, George E. Hunter, Walter Garrett, and others." Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 13th April, 1915 Not printed. 284. Report and evidence upon the matter known as : " Blood Indian Re.'^erve and Frank Pedley." Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 13th April, 1915 Not printed. 285. Report and evidence upon the matter known as : " Southern Alberta Land Company, Limited, and Grand Forks Cattle Company, J. 'D. McGregor, Arthur Hitchcock, and others." Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 13th April, 1915 Not printed. 286. Report and evidence upon the matter known as: "The Bulletin Company, Limited, the Honourable Frank Oliver, and the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company." Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 13th April, 1915 • Not printed. 287. Report and evidence upon the matter known as : " Aylwin Irrigation Tract, E. A. Robert and J. D. McGregor." Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 13th April, 1915. ..A'o? printed. 288. Report and evidence upon the matter known as: "Timber Berths 1107 and 1108, W. H. Nolan, A. W. Eraser, and J. G. Turiff." Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 13th April, 1915 Not printed'. 37 5 George V. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1915 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 28— Continued. 289. Report and evidence upon the matter known as: "Grazing Ranch No. 2422, J. G. Turriff, A. J. Adamson, and J. D. McGregor." Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 13th April, 1915 l^^ot printed. 290. Report and evidence upon the matter known as : " Craven Dam, Walter Scott, Lieutenant- Governor Brown, and J. G. TuiTiff." Presented by Hon. Mr. Coderre, 13th April, 1915. Not printed. 291. Certified copies of Reports of the Committee of the Privy Council No. P.C. 1109 and No. P.C. 15S9, approved by His Excellency the Administrator on the 10th May, 1913, and 27th June, 1913, respectively, in respect to the appointment of Thomas R. Ferguson, K.C., as commissioner to investigate and report upon all matters connected with the disposition by any means whatsoever, since the first day of July, 1896, of: — (a) Dominion Lands; (b) Timber and mineral lands and mining rights and privileges, including coal, petroleum, and gas lands and rights and Irrigation tracts or lands, and the cutting of timber upon Government lands; (c) Water-power and rights, (d) Indian Lands and Indian Reserves. Presented by Sir Robert Borden, 13th April, 1915. Not printed. 292. Return to an Order of the House of the 11th March, 1915, for a copy of all charges, correspondence, letters, telegrams and other documents relative to the dismissal of Joseph Day, at Little Bras D'Or, in the riding of North Cape Breton and Victoria, and of the evidence taken and reports of the investigation held by H. B. Duchemin, in regard to same, with a detailed statement of expenses of such investigation. Presented 14th April, 1915.- — Mr. McKen:iie Not pHnted. 293. A Return to an Order of the Senate, dated 30th March, 1915, for a return giving the names of the trust companies up to the present date who have complied with the requirements of Clause C9 of the Trust Companies Act, 1914, and any correspondence connected therewith. — {Senate) Not printed. 294. Report of R. A. Pringle, K.C., commissioner appointed to investigate into charges of corruption and fraud in relation to contracts for the building of certain drill halls in the province of Ontario, together with the evidence taken at the said inquiry. Pre- sented by Sir Robert Borden, 14th April, 1915 Not printed. 293. Return to an Order of the House of the 1st March, 1915 : — 1. For a full statement and description of all lands taken possession of by the Government for the camp at Val- cartier. 2. For copies of all titles of the Government to the same, whether by expro- priation, purchase or otherwise, 3. For a specified statement of all amounts claimed and still unpaid whether for land or damages. 4. For a specified account of all amounts paid up to date either for land or damages. Presented 15th April, 1915. — Sir Wilfrid La-wrier Not printed. 296. A return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General : — 1. A return showing all appointments to the customs in that area contained in the present con- stituencies of Medicine Hat and Macleod, giving names, date of appointment, how appointed and salaries, from the year 1896 to the present date. 2. Also, all vacancies by death, resignation or dismissal, giving name, date, length of service and cause of dismissal in the same area and during the same period. — (Senate) Not printed. 297. Return to an Address to His Royal Highness the Governor General ; praying that His Royal Highness will cause to be laid before the Senate copies of all letters between the Minister of Marine and Fisheries or his department and the fishery overseer at Baker I-ake, in the province of New Brunswick ; and also copies of all claims made by the said fishery overseer and the payments made thereon. — (Senate) . . . . Not printed. 88 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d A. 1915 SUPPLEMENT TO THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR THIRTEENTH REPORT OP THE GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA CONTAINING ALL DECISIONS TO MARCH 31 1914 PRIXTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRIXTET) BY .1. i)E L. TACHE, PRINTER TO THE KINCS MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 1914 [No. 25d— 1915.] 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d A. 1915 To the H..11. W. J. KocHK, ]\r.P.. ^linister of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the Tliirteenth Report of the Geographic Board of Canada, to be printed as a supplement to the Annual Report of the Department of the Interior. The index has been rearranged and the descriptive^ matter corrected to agree with fhe new provincial, county and district boundaries. A large addition of decisions is included in the consolidation which has been completed to the end of the fiscal year. :\[arch 31. 1014. I liave tile honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, E. DEVILLE, Chairman of the Board. 2:ul— 1 i 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d A. 1915 CONTENTS Page Order in Council establishing Board 5 List of Members 6 By-laws 7 Rules of Nomenclature 9 All decisions from inauguration of Board to March 31, 191-1: 13 Index for Provinces, Territories and Counties 191 Counties in Canada 227 Townships in Ontario 22S Quebec 239 Nova Scotia 246 Parishes in New Brunswick . . 246 Appendix — An outlino of the Physical Geography of Canada. 17 pp. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d A. 1915 OKDER 1]N OOUNCIL THE CANADA GAZETTE. ' Ottawa, Saturday, June 25, 1898. [SS2Jf] AT THE GOVERNMENT HOUSE AT OTTAWA. SATURDAY, DECEMBER 18. 1897. . . '■. PRESENT : HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR GENERAL IN COUNCIL. His Excellency, by and with the advice of the Queen's Privy Council of Canada is pleased to create a ' Geographic Board ' to consist of one member for each of the Departments of the Geological Survey, Railways and Canals, Post OfBce, and Marine and Fisheries, such member, being appointed by the Minister of the department; of the Surveyor General of Dominion Lands, of such other members as may from time to time be appointed by Order in Council, and of an officer of the Department of the Interior, designated by the Minister of the Interior, who shall act as secretary of the Board ; and to authorize the Board to elect its chairman and to make such rules and regulations for the transaction of its business as may be requisite. His Excellency is further plea.=ed to order and direct, that all questions concerning geographic names in the Dominion which arise in the departments of the public ser- vice shall be referred to the Board, and that all departments shall accept and use in their publications the names and orthography adopted by the Board. JOHN J. McGEE, ClerJc of the Privy Council. Ext) act from Order in Council dated Decemher llf. 1899. " That the Oi-dor in Council constituting tlie Board be iunciKliHl by giving to the government of the Northwest Territories and to each Province the right to nominate one of their officials as a member of the Board who shall advise the Board with refer- ence to names in his Province, provided that the several governments undertake to \)<' guided bv the decisions of the Board." 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d A. 1915 MEMBERS OF THE GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA Chairman E. Deville, Snvveyor-General of Dominion Lands. Secretary A. II. Whitcher^ Department of tlie Interior. Executive Committee. D. B. DowLiNG, Geologist, Geological Survey, Department of Mines. C. O. Senegal^ Geographer and Ch. Draughtsman, Geol. Survey, Dept. of Mines. James White, Assistant Chairman. Conuuission of Conservation. Members. Wm. p. Anderson^ Chief Engineer, Department of Marine and Fisheries. W. H. Boyd, Topographer, Geological Survey, Department of Mines. A. G. Doughty, Dominion Archivist. E. V. Johnson, Inspecting Engineer, Department of Railways and Canals. Vacant, Post Office Department. Provincial Representative Members. (Order in Council, December 14, 1809.) Ontario — Aubrey White, Deputy Minister of Lands and Forests, Toronto, Ont. Quebec — Eugene Rouillaro, President, Quebec Geographic Board, Quebec. New Brunswick — Wm. S. Carter, Chief Superintendent of Education, Fredericton, N.B. Nova Scotia — A. II. [MacKay, Superintendent of Education, Halifax, N.S. Prince Edward Island — Hon. if. ]\rcKiNNOX, Provincial Secretary, (ex-officio), Charlottetown, P.E.I. British Columbia — W.M. Fleet Robertson, Provincial Mineralogist, Victoria, B.C. Alberta — L. C. CuARLESWORTif, Director of Surveys, Edmonton. Alta. Saskatchewan — A. J. McPiiERSox, Chairman. Local Government Board, Regina, Sask. 6 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d A. 1915 GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA BY-LAWS. I — Officers of the Board. The officers shall consist of a chairman (who shall be elected by ballot), of an executive committee of three to be nominated by the chair and approved by the Board, all of whom shall serve for one year or tmtil their successors shall be chosen, and of the secretary. II — Duties of Officers. (a.) The chairman shall preside at the meetings and shall certify to the decisions of the Board. He shall appoint all committees not specially named by the Board. In his absence the Board shall have power to elect a temporary chairman. (h.) The secretary shall keep minutes of the proceedings of the Board and shall record the decisions rendered, or other action of the Board vipon cases submitted to it, with reference to the papers filed in each case. He shall maintain files of the origi- nal papers, or copies of them, that may be presented in each case, conveniently arranged for reference. He shall, under the instructions of the Board, conduct the general correspondence and shall receive communications ])reseuted for the con- sideration of the Board. (c.) The executive committee shall receive through the secretary all communica- tions requiring decision by the Board, shall investigate the questions presented, an(£ after securing information from all available sources, shall report to the Board with recommendations regarding them. (d.) Before dealing with auy name within a province represiMited upon the Board, such name shall be submitted to the representative of said province for examination and report. (e.) T'pon the receipt of a commiuiieation submitting place-names for the con- sideration of the Board, it shall be the duty of the secretary, after preliminary sub- mission to the executive comanittee, to transmit at once a copy of such communica- tion, together with any papers relating thereto, to the member of the Board for the province affected, and also, in the case of coast names appearing on admiralty charts, to the hydrographer of the admiralty. (/.) So soon as the ro])ort of the ])r(»viiicial representative, and in the caseof clinrt names, the report of the hydrographer, are received, the secretary shall immediately submit the whole correspondence to the executive committee who shall promptly pre- pare the names for submission to the Board. (g.) The secretary shall cuter upon every record sid)niitted for the consideration of the Board, the recommendation of the provincial representative, and, if any, the recommendation of the hydrographer. in — Meetings. The Board shall hold regular meetings on the first Tuesday in each month. Special meetings may be called by the chairman or by the executive committee. Five members of the Board shall constitute a quorum, but on the written request of any member, filed with the secretary of the Board within a month from the date of a meeting, any decision adopted at such meeting shall be reserved for approval by a 7 8 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 majority of the full Board. The affirmative vote of a majority of all the members of the full Board shall be required for the final decision in any case. AH motions presented for the consideration of the Board shall be submitted in writing. IV — Reports. The Board shall publish its decisions on geographic names, after each meeting, in the Canada Gazette and in bulletins, the same to be consolidated in a general report of the Board's work, to be issued after the 31st of March in each year. V — Amendment. These by-laws may be amended at any regular or special meeting, by a majority vote of all the members of the Board, provided that copies of the proposed amend- ment have been sent by the secretary to the members of the board at least twenty days previous to the time the vote is taken. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d RULES OF NOMENCLATURE. 1. When the priority of a name has been established by publication, particularly when such publication has occurred in any standard or authoritative work or works, that name should, if possible, be retained. 2. WTien names have been changed or corrected, if not too firmly established by local usage or otherwise, the original forms should be restored. 3. In cases where what was evidently originally the same word, appears with various spellings sanctioned by local usage or otherwise, these various spellings when applied to different features should be regarded as in effect different names, and as a rule it is inadvisable to attempt to produce uniformity. 4. As a rule the first published name should be retained, but where a choice is offered between two or more names for the same place or locality, all sanctioned by local usage, that which is most appropriate and euphonious should be adopted. 5. The possessive form should be avoided whenever it can be- done without destroy- ing the euphony of the name or changing its descriptive application. Wliere the pos sessive form is retained, the apostrophe should be dropped. 6. It is desirable to avoid the use of hyphens to connect parts of Indian names. 7. Names consisting of more than one word may be connected by hyphens or combined in one word as may be advisable. 8. It is desirable to avoid the use of the words city and town as parts of names. 9. The form " canyon " may be used instead of " canon," but the latter is prefer- able. 10. The term " brook " is considered preferable to " creek " for designating small streams, and will be adopted in cases where the latter has not become too firmly fixed. 11. The Board suggests that the initial letters of generic or descriptive parts of geographical names, when used in reports or other documents, should not be capitals. 12. The use of alternative names should be discontinued where possible or not inconvenient. 13. Geographical names in a foreign country should be rendered in the form adopted by that country, except where there are English equivalents already fixed by usage. 14. French names in Canada are to be spelt, accented, hyphenated, kc. accord- ing to the rules of the French language. 15. In cases where names already exist, and have been published in both English and French form and have been sanctioned by long usage, no attempt .<;hall be made to abolish either form, but both may be recognized and published in the Board's lists of decisions and it shall be deemed correct to use either form in official documents in either language. In all other cases any duplication of form shall be discouraged and preference shall be given to the form which has priority of origin, whether this be English or French. 16. In English text and map printing, the use of hyphens for composite French names, though it is recommended, shall not be considered obligatory. 17. The spelling of native geographical names should represent, approximately, the true sounds of the words as pronounced in the native tongue. In the ortho- graphy of names of Indian origin in the province of Quebec, the rules of the Board, based on those of the Royal Geographical Society, are preferable to French practice as being simpler and in accordance with international usage, and shall be followed in the case of new names. 18. Whore n generic descriptive term, sucli as Ca])e, Bay. Biver, etc. is added to a name, it is i)ermissible to translate such term into French for use in French 10 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 publications, or into English for use in English publications, if it can be done with- out producing a mixture of English and French. 19. The Board adopts the rules of the Royal Geographical Society for the ortho- graphy of geographical names, of which the broad features are as follows : — (fl) The vowels are to be pronounced as in Italian and the consonants as in Eng- lish. (b) Every letter is pronounced, and no redundant letters are introduced. When two vowels come together each one is sounded, though the result, when spoken qviickly, is sometimes scarcely to be distinguished from a single sound, as in ai, an, ei. (c) One accent only is used, the acute, to denote the syllable on which stress is laid. This is very important, as the sounds of many names are entirely altered by the misplacement of this " stress." The following amplification of the foregoing rules explains their application; — GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d 11 Letters. Pronunciation and Remarks. ah, a as in father eh, a as in fate. English e; i as in ravine: the sound of ec in hcet. Thus, not Fecjec, but 0 as in mote long i( as in flute; the sound of oo in hoot, oo or ou should never be employed for this sound Thus, not Zooloo, but All voicels are shortened in aound by doubling the following conson- ant Doubling a vowel is onlj' necessary when there is a distinct repeti- tion of the single sound. as in aisle, or English / as in ?ee otv as in hoiv Thus, not Foochow, but is slightlj' different from above : when followed by a consonant or at the end of a word, as in kuv is the sound of the two Italian vowels, but is frequently slurred over, when it is scarcely to be distinguished from ei in the English eight or C(/ in the English then. English /;. is always soft, but is so nearly the sound of s that it should be seldom used. If Celebes were not already recognized it would be written Sclebes. is always soft as in church English d. English/. 2>h should not be used for the sound of/. Thus, not H>(iphong, but is always hard. (Soft g is given by y) is always pronounced when inserted. as in irhat; better rendered by hw than by u-h, or h followed by a vowel, thus Hirang ho, not Whang ho, or Hoang ho. English j. Dj should never be put for this sound English k. It should always be put for the hard c. Thus, not Corea, but The Oriental guttural is another guttural, as in the Turkish As in English. has two .separate sounds, the one hard as in the English word .^H//er, the other as in singer. As these two sounds are rarelv emploj'ed in the same locality, no attempt is made to distinguish between them. As in English. As in loophole. stands both for its sound in thing, and as in this. The former is most common. should never be employed; f/?i (in quiver) is given as kic When c/u has the sound of k is in quoit, it should be given bv A-. I As in English. Examples. Java, Banana, Somali, Bari. Tel el Kebir, Oleleh, Yezo, Medina, Levuka, Peru. Fiji, Hindi. Tokyo. Zulu, Sumatra. Yarra, Tanna, Mecca,.Tidda Nuuhia, Oosima. Shanghai. Fuchau. Macao. Cawnpore. Beirut, Beilul. Celebes. Chingchin. Haifong, Nafa. Galapagos. Hwang ho, Ngan hwei. Japan, Jinchuen. Korea. Khan. Dagh, (;;ha'/;i. Cheniulpho, Mokpho. Bethlehem. Kwangtung. w 1 Sawakin. X y 1 is always a conscmant, as in yard, and therefore should never be used as a terminal, i or e being substituted as the sound may require. Thus, not Mikindany, but not Ktvaly, but English ,: Kikuyu. Mikindani. Kwale. Zulu. zh The French j. or as s in treasure Muzhdaha. .Accents should not generally be used, but where there is a very de- cided emphatic syllable or stress, which affects the sound of the word, it should be marked by an acute accent. Tongat&bu, Pai^won, Sar awak. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d A. 1915 DECISIONS In the following list of names, those approved by the Board are printed in black type. Names, and different forms of the same name, which have been discarded are also given'; the former being printed in italics and alphabetically arranged with the adopted names, but the latter, when nearly like the adopted forms, are not repeated. Abatagush; bay. at the south end of Mistassini lake, Mistassini territory. Que. Ahhika. See Apika. Abbot; pass, near mount Lefroy, Alta. and B.C. Abbott; mount, south of Glacier station, Kootenay district, B.C. Abbott Corners; village, Missisquoi county, Que. (Xot Abbotts Corners.) Abenakis; river, tributary to Etchemin R., Bellechasse Co., Que. (Xot Abenaquis.) Aberdeen; mount, northeast of mount Lefroy, Alta. (Not Hazel peak.) Abitibi; territory. Que., also lake on boundary line between Ontario and Quebec, and river flowing from the lake to Moose river, Ont. (Not Abitibbi, Abittibi, nor Abittibbi.) Abloviak; bay, east shore of Ungava bay. New Quebec. (Not Ablorialik.) Aboushagau; river, Westmorland county, N.B. (Not Abouchagan, Aboushogan, Aboushagin, nor Abougoggin.) Ahraham. See Abram. Abram; lake, north of Minnitaki lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Abraham nor Abram's.) Acheninni; lake, on Grassberrj- river, central Saskatchewan. (Not Blackfeet.) Achigan; lake and river, tributary to l/Assomption river. Terrebonne county. Que. (Not L'Achlgan.) Achigo. See Sachigo. Active; pass, between Galiano and Mayne islands, in the southern portion of the strait of Georgia, B.C. (Not Plumper's.) Acton Corners; post oflBce, Grenville county, Ont. (Not Acton's Corners.) Actonvale ; town, Bagot county, Que. (Not Acton Vale.) Adam; lake, west of Fluke lake, Kenora district, Ont. ' Adamant; glacier, mountain, and range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Adams; creek, branch of Bonanza creek, Klondike river, Yukon. Adams; lake and river, emptying into the westerly end of Shuswap lake, Kauiloops district, B.C. Adelaide ; island, northeast of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence R. Leeds county, Ont. Aomiral. See Saltspring. Admiralty; group of islands, St. Lawrence R., south of Gananoque, Leeds Co., Ont. 13 ^4 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Adstock; township and village, Frontenac county, Que. Advance; reef, off Michael point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Affleck; lake, northwest of Eosamond lake, Kcnora district, Ont. Afton; mount, south of mount Abbott, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Agawa; bay, islands, point, and river, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Aguawa.) Agnes; lake, west of lake Louise, Alta. (Not The Goat's Looking Glass.) Agoiaivelcami. See Duparqviet. Aguawa. See Agawa. A. H. Ward. See Ward. Ahwillgate. See Awillgate. Aiabewatik; lake, east of Anzhekumming lake, Kenora district, Ont. Aigles; (lac et rivieres des) lake and river, tributary to Mattawin river, St. Maurice county. Que. (Not Eagle.) Aiktow ; creek, flowing into the S. Saskatchewan at ' The Elbow,' Sask. Ainslie; shoal, south of Girouard point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Airy; mount, east of mount Stanley, Kootenay district, B.C. Aishihik; lake, and river tributary to the Dezadeash, southwestern Yukon. Aiskew; island, northward of Frank point, western shore of Observatory inlet, Cassiar district, B.C. Akamina; creek, tributary to Kishineua creek, near international boundary, Kootenay district, B.C., also pass, Alta. and B.C. (Not Akimina.) Ahamina. See Starvation. Akolkolex; river, tributary to Columbia river, between Arrowhead and Eevelstoke, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Akotkolex.) Akos; lake, at head of Kamachigama R., Montcalm Co., Q. (Not Akonse nor Akoncy.) AkotJiolex. See AkoUvolex. Akpatok; island, Ungava bay, New Quebec. Akpatoh. See Aukpatuk. Akuinu; river, tributary to Athabaska river, Alta. (Not A-kew-i-new.) Akuling; inlet, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. (Not A-ku-ling.) Akwatuk; bay and river, south of Big river. New Quebec. (Not Aquatuk.) Albanel; lake, east of Mistassini lake, Mistassini territory. Que. (Not Little Mis- tassini nor Mistassinis.) Mistassini lake and the lake called in recent years ' Little Mistassini ' or ' Mistassinis,' were explored in 1762 by Pere Charles Albanel, a Jesuit missionary, when on his way from L. St. John to Hudson bay via Rupert river. Pere Albanel gave his name to the smaller lake and it is so named on the maps of Laure 1732, Bellin 1755, D'Anville 1755 and others from 1763 to 1794. In view of this evidence and the recommendation of the advisory mernber of the Board representing the province of Quebec, the previous decision has been revised. Albee; lake, Montbeillard township, Pontiac county, Quebec. Albert; canyon, creek, glacier, peak, and snowfield, east of Illecillewaet river, Koote- nay district, B.C. Albert; port, Huron county, Ont. Albert; town, in Albert county, N.B. (Not Hopewell Corner.) Albert. See Anderson. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAS ADA 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Alberta; province, also ^ft. Alberta north of Mt. Columbia, Rocky Mts., Alta. Albert Edward; mount, east of Buttle lake, Vancouver island, B.C. Albury; post village, Ameliasburg- township. Prince Edward county, Ont. Alcott; creek, flowing northeasterly into Chitek river, central Sask. (Not Eat.) Aldborough; post ofBce and township, Elgin county, Ont. (Not Aidboro.) Aldridge ; lake, west of Obowanga river, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Alemeh. See Lamek. Alex; river, flowing into L. St. John, Lake St. .loliu cdunty, (^ue. Alexander; creek, tributary to Michel creek. Kdoteuay district, B.C. (Not North Fork of Michel creek.) Alexander; railway station, slough, and village, Manitoba. (Not The Big slough.) Alexandra; lake, Smellie township, Kenora district, Ont. Alexandra; mount, west of Mt. Lyell. summit range of the Rockies, Alta., and Ivootenay district, B.C. Alexis; creek and lake, tributary to Chilcotin river, also Alexis Creek, post office. Cariboo district, B.C. Alford; post oflice and railway station, Brant county, Ont. (Not Alford Junction.) Alford Junction.' See Alford. Algernon ; rock, in St. Lawrence river, southeast from ' Stone Pillar,' below Goose island, L'Islet county. Que. (Not Roche a Veillons nor South.) Alice ; lake, northeast of Bow lake. Alberta. Alki; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. Allan; lake, east of Wallace river, and river tributary to Saulteux river, central Alberta. Allan; point, south of Dorval, Jacques Cartier county, Que. (Not Marion.) Allan Corners; post office, Chateauguay county. Que. (Not Allan's Corners.) Allan Mills; settlement, Lanark county, Out. (Not Allan's Mills.) Allanwater; river, emptying into Wabakami lake, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Allard; river, emptying into Mattagami lake. Abitibi, Que. (Not Mattagami.) Allen; island, west of Beekman peninsula, N.W.T. Allgold; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. Alligator; lake and mountain, north of Watson river, southern Yukon. Allumette; lake, an expansion of Ottawa river, Renfrew county. Ont. (Not Pembroke.) Allumette. See Chalk. Alma; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon, Alouettes, (pointe aux) ; point, at southern entrance to Saguenay river, Saguenay county. Que. (Not Lark point nor Pte. Aux Alouette.) Alsek; river, formed by the junction of the Dezadeash and Kaskawulsh, Cassiar dis- trict, B.C., and Yukon. (Not Alseck nor Altsek.) Altrude; creek, flowing from a group of small lakes of same name, near Vermilion pass, to Bow river, west of Castle station, Alta. (Not Little Vermilion.) Alukpaluk; bay, southeast shore of Ungava bay. New Quebec. Alwin ; rock, west of Bigsby island, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay. Parry Sound district, Ont. Amazon. See Milton. Amhella. See Arabella. 16 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Ameliasburg ; township, Prince Edward county, Ont. (Not Ameliasburgh.) Amherst; island, in lake Ontario, Addington county, Ont. Amik; lake, south of Minnitaki lake, Kenora district, Ont. Amikitik. See LaSarre. Amiskwi; peak, at headwaters of Amiskwi R. Rocky Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Amiskwi; river, tributary to Kicking Horse river, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Beavertail nor North Branch of Kicking Horse river.) Ammerman; mountain, a spur of Davidson mountains, international boundary, Alaska and Yukon. Amos; village, Figuery township. Timiskaming county. Que. Amy; point, at north end of Gribbell island. Coast district, B.C. Anaham. See Anahim. Anahim; creek, tributary to Chilcotin river, also lake and Indian Reserve, Cariboo district, B.C. (Not Anaham.) Anamebini; river, tributary to Severn R., Patricia district, Ont. (Not Anamabine.) Anderson; channel, east of Beekman peninsula, N.W.T. Anderson; lake, southwest of Seton lake, Lillooet district, B.C. Anderson; mount, south of Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Anderson; point N.E. entrance to Washow bay, L. Winnipeg, Man. (Not Albert.) Anderson. See Henderson. Anderson Corners; settlement, Huntingdon county. Que. (Not Anderson's Corners.) Anerley; lake, Tp. 28, Rges. 9 and 10, W. 3 M. Sask. (Not Red Deer.) Anesty. See Anstey. Ange Gardien de Rouville. See Canrobert. Angle; mountain, in the angle formed by the Seymour arm of Shuswap lake, Kam- loops district, B.C. Angle peaJc. See The "Vice-President. Ann; point. Upper Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Lone Tree.) Anne; point, opposite Massasauga point, Hastings county, Ont. Annette ; lake, north of mount Temple, Alta. Annie ; lake, north of the ' big bend ' of Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Annimwash; bay, in L. St. Joseph, and lake north of L. St. Joseph, Patricia, Ont. Anse-a-Beaufils ; post settlement, Gaspe county. Que. (Not L'Anse au Beaufils.) Anse-au-Vallon ; village, Gaspe county, Que. (Not L'Anse-a-Valleau.) Anstey; arm (Shuswap lake), creek, lake, and river, Kamloops district, B.C. (Not Anesty.) Anstey; mount, Selkirk range, Kootenay district, B.C. Anstruther; lake and township, Peterborough county, Ont. (Not Eagle.) Ant. See Deacon. Anticline; mountain, between headwaters of Nordenskiold R. and L. Laberge, Yukon. Antler; creek, tributary to Souris river, southern Man. and Sask. (Not South Antler.) Antonio; point, southerly extremity of Maurelle island, Coast district, B.C. Anuk; river, tributary to Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. Anvil; mountain, between Cottonwood and Dease rivers, Cassiar district, B.C. Anwatan; lake, east of Grand lake Victoria, Pontiac county. Que. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Anzhekumming ; lake, northeast of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Out. (Not Upper Manitou.) Apeganau; river, tributary to Burntwood river, Manitoba. (Not Muddy Water.) Apika: brook, flowing into head of hike Timiskaming; Que. (Not Abbika.) Apussigamasi ; lake, on Burntwood river, Manitoba. (Not Appussigamahsin.> Aquatuk. See Akwatuk. Arabella; island, south of Francis island, between Grindstone and Wolfe islands, St. Lawrence river, Frontenac county, Ont. (Not Ambella.) Arbutus; rock, south of cape Hurd, Bruce county. Ont. Arhutus. See Saddle. Arcand; bay, in Ottawa river, west of Montebello, Ottawa county, Que. (Not Arcans. Cardinal's, nor Charlebois.) Arcans. See Arcand. Archibald; bay, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Areola; lake, Tp. 10, B. 3, W. 2 M. Sask. (Not Fish.) Arcs (lac des) ; lakes, south of Bow river. Rocky Mountains park, Alberta. Ardoise. See L'Ardoise. Argentine; mountain and glaciers, between north and south branches of Gold river, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Argonaut; mountain, between heads of Bigmouth and French creeks, Selkirk moun- tains, Kootenay district, B.C. Arg^le; creek, tributary to St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Argyle; islands, northwest of Burke island, Bruce county, Ont. Arignole. See Original. Arkansas; creek, tributary to Dominion creek, Indian river, Yukon. Arh-e-leenik. See Thelon. Arkell. See Kusawa. Arlington; lakes and mountain, west of the west fork of Kettle river, Similkamecn district, B.C. Arm; islands, Southgate group. Queen Charlotte sound, Coast district, B.C. Arm; river, flowing into the southern portion of Last Mountain lake, southern Sask. Armit; river, flowing into Red Deer lake, Man, and Sask. (Not Armitt.) Armitt. See Armit. Armstrong; lake, Redditt township, Kenora district, Ont. Annslrong. See Downey. Arnet; island, southwest of Stone island, Clayoquot sound, Vancouver island, B.C. Aroma; lake, northeast of Tramping lake, Sask. Aroostook; river, tributary to St. John river, Victoria county, N.B. (Not Arostook.) Arosen; island, in Ottawa river, west of Montebello. Ottawa county, Que. (Not Arouson, Rousseau, nor Roussin.) Arrow; lake and river, tributary to Pigeon river. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Arrowpark; creek, tributary to Columbia river, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Mos- quito.) Previous decision revised. Arrowsmith; mount, southeast of Alberni, Vancouver island, B.C. Arrowwood. See Rosebud. 25d— 2 18 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Arthuret; village, Victoria county, N.B. (Not Arthurette.) Arthur Land. See Ellesmere. Arthur Seat; mountain, near Eahlin river, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Arthur's.) Arva. See Medway. AsapiJcona. See Faucher. Ascot; post office, Sherbrooke county, Que. (Not Ascot Corner.) Ash; brook, northeast of Nozheiatik lake, Kenora district, Ont. Ash; lake, Eedditt township, Kenora district, Ont. Ash. See Lynedoch. Asham; point, southwest of Peonan point, lake Manitoba, Man. Ashby; lake and township, Addington county, Ont. (Not Island lake.) Ashe; inlet, south shore of Big island, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Ashe; lake, northeast of Blaine lake, central Saskatchewan. Asheigamo; lake, S, of L. Hill, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Bass nor Tasheigama.) Asheweig; river, tributary to Winisk river, Patricia, Ont. (Not West Winisk.) Ashnola; river, tributary to Similkameen river, southern B.C. (Not Ashnoulou.) Ashton; point, Douglas channel, opposite Maitland island, Coast district, B.C. Ashuapmnchuan ; lake and river, Lake St. John county, Que. Asinitchibastat ; lake, west of Chibougamau lake, Abitibi territory. Que. (Not Asinitebastat.) Asipimocasi. See Magusi. Asippitti; river, tributary to Burntwood river, Manitoba. A-skil-waj. See LaMotte. Askitichi; lake, headwaters of Ashuapmuchuan river, Chicoutimi county, Que. Ashow. See Bow. Ashwahani. See Eskwahani. Aspasia; island, southwest of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence P., Leeds county, Ont. Aspatagoen. See Aspotogan. Aspotogan; harbour, mountain, peninsula, and post office, Lunenburg county, N.S. (Not Aspatageon.) Aspy; bay and river, Victoria county, N.S. (Not Aspee.) Assiniboine ; mount, Alta. and Kootenay district, B.C. Assinika; lake, discharging into the upper Broadback river, Abitibi territory, Que. Assinkepatakiso ; lake, near Atikwa lake, Kenora district Ont. Assiwanan; lake, at headwaters of St. Maurice river, Champlain county, Que. (Not Asiwawanan.) Astounder; island, southwest of Axeman island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Asulkan; brook, falls, glacier, pass, and ridge, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. At em. See Atim. Athabaska; lake, in Alberta and Saskatchewan. (Not Athabasca.) Athabaska; mount, at headwaters of Sunwapta river, also glacier. Rocky mountains, Alberta. (Not Athabasca.) Athabaska; pass, at headwaters of Whirlpool river, Alberta, and Cariboo district, B.C. (Not Athabasca.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Athabaska; river, Alberta. (Not Athabasca.) Atliabaska; town, on Athabaska river, central Alberta. (Not Athabaska Landing.) Previous decision revised. Atlialmer; town, on Columbia river below its outlet from Windermere lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Athelmer.) Athapapuskow ; lake, west of Cranberry lake, Manitoba. (Not Athapuscow.) Athol; bay, Athol township, Prince Edward coimty, Ont. (Not Little Sandy.) Atic-a-mahe. See Atikameg. Atik; river, tributary to Migiskan river, below Millie lake, Poutiac county, Que. (Not Atikosipi.) Atikameg; lake, western Manitoba. (Not Atic-a-make.) AtiJramel-. See Lamy. Atikkamek; creek, tributary to losegun river, Alberta. (Not Atikkamey.) Atihmahih. See Beaudry. Atikonak; lake and river, near height of land, south of Hamilton river, Ashuanipi territory. Que. (Not Attikonak.) Atihosipi. See Atik. Atikwa; lake, southwest of Dryberry lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Deer.) Atim; river, flowing into Manuan lake, upper St. Lawrence river, Champlain county, Que. (Not Atem.) Atlin; lake, Cassiar district, B.C. and Yukon. Atlin; mining division and mountain, Cassiar district, B.C. Atocas. See Azatika. Attawapiskat ; lake and river, emptying into James bay, Patricia district, Ont. (Not At-tah-wha-pis-kat nor Attawapiscat.) Attikonalc. See Atikonak. Attim Segoun. See losegun. Attitti ; lake, south of Churchill river and east of Pelican narrows, Sask. Aubrey; island, Admiralty group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Burnt, Dark, nor Smoke.) Augustine; peak, in the Bishops range of the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. Aukpatuk; fishing station, west coast of Ungava bay. New Quebec. (Not Akpatok.) Aulac; river, emptying into Cumberland bay, Westmorland county, N.B. (Not Au Lac nor Oulac.) Ausable; river, south of Goderich, Huron county, Ont. (Not aux Sables nor Sable.) Austerity; glacier and mountain. Adamant range, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay, B.C. Austin; lake, Melick township, Kenora district, Ont. Australia; creek, tributary to Indian river, Yukon. Autaca. See Azatika. Ava; inlet, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Avalanche; creek, glacier, and mountain, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district. B.C. Avens; inount, east of Protection mountain, Rocky mountains, Alta. Awillgate; Indian village, also peak, east of Hazelton, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Ahwillgate.) Axel Heiberg; island, west of Ellesmere island, N.W.T. 20 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A i915 Axeman; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Ayesha; peak, north of mount Collie. Eocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Aylen; lake, Dickens township, Nipissing district, Ont. (Not Little Opeongo.) Aylmer; mount, also canyon, north of Minnewanka lake, Eocky Mts. park, Alta. Aylmer; lake, Wolfe county, Que. Aylmer; railway station and town, Ottawa county. Que. (Not Aylmer East.) Aylmer; town, Elgin county, Ont. Aylmer; township, Frontenac county. Que. Azatika; bay and brook, Prescott county, Ont. (Not Atocas, Autaca, Dez Amecane nor Deseticaux.) Azimuth ; mountain and peak, north of mount Sir Saudford. Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Babine; mountain range, lake, and river tributary to Skeena river, Cassiar and Coast districts, B.C. Bach; mount, in southwestern Yukon, near Hutshi lakes. Bacheivanaung. See Batchawana. Bach. See Prairies. Backs ; river, flowing northeasterly into the Arctic ocean, N.W.T. (Not Thleweecho- deezeth nor Great Fish.) Back's Western. See Western. Bacon; cove and point, on north side of Prince Eupert harbour, Coast district, B.C. Bacon; rock, west of Eidley island, S.E. of entrance to Prince Eupert harbour, B.C. Bacon. See Vigilant. Bad. See Bull. Badesdawa; lake, north of L. St. Joseph, Patricia district, Ont. Bad Neighbour; rock in main channel entrance to Georgian bay, Bruce Co., Ont. Bad Rice. See Kaiashkomin. Bad Throat. See Manigotagan. Baffin; island, N.W.T. (Not Baffin Land.) Bagheera; mountain. Hermit range of the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. Bagot; island, northeast of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Narrow nor Eattlesnake.) Bagutchuan. See Pagwachuan. Bagwah. See Lonely. Bate des Ohaleurs. See Chaleur bay. Baie-St.-Paul; town, Charlevoix county. Que. (Not St. Paul's Bay.) Baie-Verte; village, Westmorland county, N.B. (Not Bay Verte.) Bailey; lake, south of L. Seul, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Edith.) Bain; brook, tributary to Incomappleux river, Kootenay district, B.C. Bain; rock, in middle of channel between Great and Outer Duck islands, Manitoulin district, Ont. Bakado; lake, south of Separation lake, Kenora district, Ont. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Baker; creek and lake, north of Eldon station, Kocky mountains, Alta. Baker; creek, tributary to Yukon river, south of Klondike river, Yukon. Baker; island, between Nigger island and Trenton, Hastings county, Ont. Baker; mount, south of Howse pass. Rocky mountains, B.C.. Balache ; point, in the strait of Canso. Inverness county. N.S. (Not Belache, Bel- hache, McMillan, nor Plaster Cove point.) Bald; head, at entrance to Weller bay, Prince Edward county, Ont. Bald; creek, headwaters of Klondike river, Yukon. Bald; island, in Weller bay, Ameliasburg township. Prince Edward county, Ont. Bald; mountain, east of Sir Donald range of the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C, Bald Eagle; lake, on Grass river, Manitoba. Baldur; mount, west of Upper Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Baldwin's pond. See Lyster lake. Balfour; mount, al^o glacier and pass. Rocky mountains, Alta. and B.C. Ball, lake; English river, Kenora district, Ont. , Ballantyne ; bay and river, Deschambault lake, central Saskatchewan. Ballenas; channel and island, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. (Not Ballinac.) Ballinac. See Ballenas. Balne ; lake, south of Silver lake, Kenora district, Ont. Baltimore. See Irving. Bamaji; lake. Cat river, west of L. St. Joseph, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Bama- jigma nor Cross.) Banfield; creek, emptying into Barkley sound, Vancouver I., B.C. (Not Bamfield.) Banks; island N.W. of Victoria I., N.W.T. (Not Bank's Land, nor Baring Land.) Banner; settlement, Oxford North township. Oxford county, Ont. Bannock; burn, tributary to Little Slocan R., Kootenay, B.C. (Not Bannock creek.) Bannock; point, at north end of Upper Arrow lake; Kootenay district, B.C. Baptist; harbour, lake, and rock, southeast of cape Hurd, Bruce county, Ont. Baptiste ; creek and lake, west of Athabaska town, central Alberta. Baptiste; lake, Herschel township, Hastings county, Ont. (Not Kaijick Manitou.) Baptiste; river, tributary to the Saskatchewan, central Alberta. Barbara; lake, southeast of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Gull.) Barber; lake, in McGarry township, Timiskaming district, Ont. j Barbue; post office, Rouville county. Que. (Not Barbue de St. Cesaire.) Barbue de St. Cesaire. See Barbue. Barclay; railway station, Kenora district, Ont. . ] Barclay. See Barkley. Barge; island. Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Barham; mount, west of Surprise lake, Cassiar district, B.C. 4 Baring. See Banks. ! Bark; lake, Jones township, Renfrew county, Ont. Barkley; sound, on the northwest coast of Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Barclay.) Barnaby; railway station, river, and village, Northumberland county, N.B. (Not Barnaby River P.O.) 22 DEPAETMEyr OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Barnard; lake, northwest of Sturgeon lake, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Barnes; bay, north shore of Okisollo channel, Coast district, B.C. Barnes; creek, tributary to Whatshan river, Kootenay district, B.C. Barney; rivev, Pictou county, N.S. (Not Barney's.) Barney River; post office, Pictou county, N.S. (Not Barney's Eiver.) Barnston; lake, English river, Kenora district, Ont. Barnston pond. See Lyster lake. Barrel. See Keg. Barren; brook, south of Eagle lake, Kenora district, Ont. Barrett; ledges, east side Brandypot channel, St. Lawrence R., Temiscouata Co., Que. Barrett; reef, southeast of Milton bank, Bruce county, Ont. Barrett; rock, east of entrance to Prince Rupert harbour. Coast district, B.C. Barrette; lake, Methuen township, Peterborough county, Ont. Barrie; beach, east entrance Halifax harbour, Halifax Co., N.S. (Not Stony.) Barrie; lake, Redditt township, Kenora district, Ont. Barriere; lake, an expansion of the upper Ottawa river, Pontiac county, Que. Barrington; lake, northwest of Kawaweogama lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Barrington Passage; village, on the west side of Barrington bay, at the narrows, Shelburue county, N.S. (Not West Passage.) Barrington ; town, on the east side of Barrington bay, near its head, Shelburne county, N.S. Barron ; river, tributary to Petawawa river, Renfrew county, Ont. (Not South Branch oi Petawawa nor South Petawawa.) Bartibog; P.O., river, and railway station, Gloucester county, N.B, (Not Bartibogue.) Barwell; mount, between the upper waters of Fisher creek and Sheep river, Alta. Basin; lake, northwest of Lenore lake, central Saskatchewan. Basin of Mines. See Minas basin. Basket; lake, south of Minnitaki lake, Kr.iora district, Ont- Bason. See Bouleau. Basquia. See Pasquia. Bass; islands (3), Admiralty group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Seven Pines.) Bass. See Asheigamo. Bass. See Cassidy. Bass. See Jacob. Basswood; lake, Int. boundary. Rainy River district, Out. (Not AV>.icewood.) Bastion; island, in southern portion of Atlin lake, Ca^siar disirict, B.C. Bastion; mountains, north of Salmon arm (Shuswap L.), Kamloops district, B.C. Batchawana; bay, island, river, and village, Algoma district, Ont. (Not Bache- wanaung nor Batchewana.) Bath; creek and glacier, near Stephen station, Alta. (Not Noores.) Bathing. See Royal. Bathurst; island, east of Melville island, N.W.T. Bathurst. See Grenadier. Battersby; island, Brock group, St. Lawrence R., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Burntstone.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Battle; brook, tributary to Incomappleux river, Kootenay district, B.C. Battle; lake, on Battle river, Alberta. (ISTot Battle River lake.) Battle; mountain, west of Alexis creek, Cariboo district, B.C. Battle; river, flowing into the Saskatchewan at Battleford, Alta. and Sask. Battleford; town, central Saskatchewan. Baudet; river. Glengarry county, Ont., also post village and river, Soulanges county, Que. (N'ot Beaudet, Bodet, Riviere Beaudette nor River Beaudette.) Baumgardt; island, at entrance to Landon bay, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Baxter; river, emptying into Waswanipi lake, Abitibi territory. Que. Baxter Harbour; post office. Kings county, N.S. (Not Baxter's Harbour.) Bayfield; bay, "Wolfe island, Frontenac county. Ont. (Not Big.) Bayfield; island, at entrance to Bayfield bay, Wolfe island, Frontenac county, Ont. (Xot Mud.) Bayfield; river and town, Huron county, Ont. Bayfield; shoal, west of Abraham head, east of Kingston, Frontenac county, Ont. (Not Bolivia.) Bayley; bay, eastern extreme of Basswood lake, international boundary. Rainy River district, Ont. Baynes. See Maxwell. Bays; lake of, Ridout township, Muskoka district, Ont. Bayside; post village, Sidney township, Hastings county, Ont. Bay Verte. See Baie-Verte. Bazan; bay, north of Cordova channel, Vancouver island, B.C. Beacon. See Inukshuktuyuk. Beady; creek, near outlet of Dease lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Beament; island, southeast of Cavalier island, Bruce county, Ont. Bear; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon, Bear; river, Annapolis and Digby counties, also Bear River post office, Digby county, N.S. (Not Hebert.) Bear; river, flowing into the upper end of Portland canal, Cassiar district, B.C. Bear. See Bowron. Bear. See Darlens. Bear. See Great Bear. Bear. See Lorrain. Bear. See Mansfield. Bear. See Maskwa. Bear. See Morin. Bear. See Mistaya. Bear. See Suskwa. Bear. See Wapawekka. Bearbrook; post office, Russell county, Ont. (Not Bear Brook.) Bear-grease; river, upper Ottawa river, near O'Sullivan lake, Montcalm county. Que. Bear Lake river. See Deschambault. Bearwood; lake, Brudenell township, Renfrew county, Ont. 24 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Beaton; mount, on boundary line, in great bend of Tatshenshini river, Cassiar dis- trict, B.C. and Yukon. Beatrice; cape, E. side of Lower Arrow L., Kootenay district, B.C. (Not cape Horn.) Beatrice; lake, west of Slocan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Beatty; point, in upper portion of Prince Eupert harbour. Coast district, B.C. Beaubien; lake, east of Silver lake, Kenora district, Ont. Beauchamp; lake, Fignery, Trecesson and Villemontel townships, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Spirit.) Beaudry; lake, Beaumesnil township, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Atikmahik.) Previous decision revised. Beaufils (anse a) ; bay, Perce township, Gaspe county. Que. (Not Bonfils.) Beaumont; harbour, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Beaupre ; creek, tributary to Bow river, Alberta. Beaurivage; island. Admiralty group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Buck's.) Beaver; creek, crossing the international boundary and flowing northeasterly to Wliite river, Yukon. Beaver; glacier, mountain, and river, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Beaver; lake, south of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Beaver; river, tributary to Churchill river, central Alberta and Saskatchewan. Beaver. See BeaverdeU. Beaver. See Beaverhill. Beaver. See McFarlane. Beaverdam. See Castor. Beaver-dam. See Wuskwatim. BeaverdeU; creek, tributai-y to west fork of Kettle river, also village, Similkameen district, B.C. (Not Beaver creek.) Beaverfoot; range of mountains and river, near Leanchoil sta., Kootenay dist., B.C. Beaverhill; creek and lake, east of Edmonton, Alberta. (Not Beaver.) BeaverhoTise ; lake, McVittie township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Beaverhouse ; lake, southwest of Eagle lake, Kenora district, Ont. Beaverlodge; river, tributary to Wapiti river, west of Grande Prairie, Alberta. (Not Beaver Lodge.) Beavertail. See Amiskwi. Becaguimec; lal^e and river, Carleton and York counties, N.B. (Not Beccaguimec nor Peckagomique.) Becancour; lake, Thetford township, Megantic county, Que. Beclier; bay, southern coast of A^ancouver island, B.C. (Not Beecher;) Beck; island, west of Stone island, Clayoquot sound, Vancouver island, B.C. Becker; creek, tributary to Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Becldngton; lake, southeast of Harris lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Becroft; point, at south entrance to Weller bay. Prince Edward county, Ont. Beddingfield. See !^[alahat. Bedford; harbour, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Bedlington; custom house. Int. boundary, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Rykerts.) Bedrock; creek, tributary to Sixtymile river, Yukon. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF VAX AD A 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Bee; peak, east of Taku arm, Cassiar district, B.C. Beech; point, Fitzwilliam island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Beech er. See Becher. Beech Hill; post office, Albert county, N.B. Beechridge; post village, Argenteuil county, Que. (Not Beech Eidge.) Beechwood; village and railway station, Carleton county, N.B. (Not Bun.frau.) Beechy; head, southern coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Beeghados. See Pachena. Beekman; peninsula, south of entrance to Cumberland sound, N.W.T. Begbie; mount, southwest of Revelstoke, Kootenay district, B.C. Belabourer; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Belache. See Balache. Bela Knla. See Bellakula. Belanger; bay and point, near Girouard point, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not West Belanger.) Belanger; post office, Laval county, Que. (Not Village Belanger.) Belanger; river, flowing into L. Winnipeg, Manitoba. (Not Black nor Little Black.) Belas. See LepreaiT. Belcher; mount, Saltspring island, southeast coast of Vancouver island. B.C. Bc'lhache. See Balache. Bell; mount, south of Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Bell; river, flowing from the height of land near Grand lake Victoria and emptying into Mattagami lake, Abitibi and Timiskaming, Que. Bellabella; settlement, on Campbell island, Coast district, B.C. (Not Bella Bella.) Bellakula; river and settlement. Coast district, B.C. (Not Bela Kula, nor Bella Coola.) Belief euille ; river, flowing from Eobertson lakes to Makamik lake. Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Kakameonan.) Belle-Vallee ; village, St. Johns county. Que. (Not Belle Vallee nor Bellevalle.) Belliveau; cove and village, Digby county, N.S. (Not Belliveau Cove village nor Belliveaux Cove village.) Belliveau; creek, tributary to Petitcodiac river, Westmorland county, N.B. (Not Belle Vue nor Boyd.) Belliveau; village, Westmorland county, N.B. (Not Beliveau.) Bellmay; post village and railway station, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Bellmay's.) Bells Corners ; post village and Ey. station, Carleton Co., Ont. (Not Bell's Corners.) Belly. See Mokowan. Belmina; post village, Wolfestown township, Wolfe county, Que. Beloeil. See St. Ililaire. Bending; lake, at head of Big Turtle river, Keuora district, Ont. Bennett; lake, B.C. and Yukon. Bennett; mount, northwest of Stupart bay, Hudson strait, New Quebec. Benson ; creek, tributaiy to the north fork of Klondike river, Yukon. Benson; lake, in Skead township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Benson; mount, west of Nanaimo, Vancouver island, B.C. 26 DEPARTME'NT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Benson; point, South bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Bent; lake, east of Tawatinaw lake, Kenora district, Ont. Bentinck; island, soutli of Pedder bay, Vancouver island, B.C. Berens; II. B. Co.'s post, also island and river, E. of L. Winnipeg, Man. (Not Beren's.J Bergheim; settlement, in Tp. 37, R. 3, W. 3 M., Sask. Bernard; lake, soutli of Bennett lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Berney; creek, tributary to Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Berry; lake, north of Lobstick bay, Kenora district, Ont. Berry Mills; post village and railway station, Westmorland county, N.B. (Not Berry's Mills.) Bersimis; point, river, and village, Saguenay county, Que. (Not Betsiamits.) Best. See Hatton. Betsiamits. See Bersimis. Biart; lake, Biart township, Quebec county, Que. (Not Kaniilikamac.) Biddle; mount, south of mount Lefroy, Eocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Biddle; pass, between Mt. Biddle and Park mountain, Yoho park, Eocky mts., B.C. Bident; mountain, east of mount Fay, Eocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Big; bay and island, in the bay of Quinte, Prince Edward county, Ont. Big Island post office is on the north side of the island. Big. See Bayfield. Big. See Black. Big. See Dumoine. Big. See Edgett. Big. See Hecla. Big. See Koksoak. Big. See Merigomish. Big. See Skelton. Big Black. See Hecla. Big Cutarm. See Cutarm. Big Egg. See Missawawi, Bigelow; island, Weller bay, Prince Edward county, Ont. Bighill; creek, tributary to Bow river, Alta. Bighorn; mountain range, extending from Brazeau river to the Saskatchewan, also river tributary to the SaskatcheAvan, Alta. (Not Big Horn nor Big-horn.) Big Knife; portage, between Seed and Melon lakes, international boundary, Eainy Eiver district, Ont. Big Loran. See Lorembec. Big Lorraine. See Lorembec. Big Ohashing. See Obashing. Big or North Miminigash. See Miminegash. Big Otter; creek, flowing into lake Eric, Elgin county. Ont. (Not Otter.) Big Otter Creeh (lightstation) See Port Burwell. Big Port VJIehert. See Port Hebert. Big Quill. See QuiU. Big Reed. See Kiskittogisu. GEOGRAPniC BOARD OF CANADA 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Big Roch. See Inukshiligaluk. Big Rouge creek. See Eouge river. Big Saanich. See Wark. Big Salmon; river, tributary to Lewes river, Yukon. Big Sandy. See Wellington. Bigsby; island, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay. Parry Sound district, Ont. Big Stave. See Stave. Big Sturgeon. See Torch. Big Thmmcap; island at entrance to Halifax harbour, Halifax county, N.S. Billtown ; post settlement, Kings county, N.S. (Not Bill Town.) Binbrook; township and village, Wentworth county, Ontario. (Not Binbrooke.) Bingham; island, southwest of Lynedoch island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Binghan.) Birch; brook and lake, Burntwood river, Manitoba. Birch; lake, between Basswood and Carp lakes, international boundary. Rainy Eiver district, Ont. Bircii ; I'Oint, east of Walker point, Manitoulin district, Ont. Birch. See Pnzois. Birch. See Evelyn. Birch. See Wigwasikak. Birchbark; lake, south of Candle lake, central Saskatchewan. (Not Birch Bark.) Bird; creek, branch of Ophir creek, Indian river, Yukon. Bird. See Cibonx. Bird. See Oiseau. Birds Hill; post village and railway station, northeast of Winnipeg, Man. (Not Bird's Hill.) Birdtail; creek, tributary to Assiniboine river, western Manitoba. Birkby; point N.W. pt. Greaves I., Smith sound. Coast district, B.C. (Not Birkly.) Birkenhead; river, flowing into Lillooet river, above Lillooet lake, B.C. Birtle; town, on Birdtail creek, western Manitoba. An abbreviation of the creek name, Bisby; lake and river, Megantic and Wolfe counties. Que. Bisel; mount, west of Nordenskiold river, Yukon. Bishop; cove, Boxer reach. Coast district, B.C. Bishop; island, off the south end of Kaien island, Coast district, B.C. Bishop; island, at head of Frobisher bay, N.W.T. Bishop; post village, Grenville county, Ont. (Not Bishop's Mills.) Bishop's Mills. See Bishop. Bishop Roggan. See Eoggan. Bismarck; post office, Lincoln Co., Ont., and Ponoka district, Alta. (Not Bismark.) Bizard; island, St. Lawrence river, Jacques Cartier county. Que. Bjerre; rock, in Okisollo channel, north of Lake point. Coast district, B.C. Bjork; lake, on Red Deer river, eastern Saskatchewan. Black; creek, tributary to Sloko river, Cassiar district, B.C. Black; island, northeast of Hecla island, lake Winnipeg, Man. (Not Big nor Grand.) Black; lake, also Black Lake, railway station and village, Megantic county. Que. 28 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Black. See Belanger. Black. See Garry. Black. See Lynn. Black. See Eaisin Blackhird. See Seggemak. Black Charlie. See Sheaffe. Black Douglas; the northerly peak of Mt. Douglas, Rocky mountain*, Alta. Black Duck Run. See Harbour lake. Blackfeet. See Acheninni. Blackfish; bay, Eadcliffe township, Renfrew county, Ont. Blackfoot; coulee and hills, north of Battle river, eastern Alberta. Blackfox; bend, Felly river, near Ketza river, Yukon. Blackfriars; peaks (2) sovithwest of Adamant mountain, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Blackheath; post ofBce, Wentworth county, Ont. (Not Black Heath.) Black Iron. See Blackstonp. Blackney. See Blakeney. Blacks; point, south of Goderich, Huron county, Ont. Black Sawhill. See Kinnickoneship. Blackstone; tributary to the south branch of Brazeau river, central Alberta. Bl'ickstone ; lake on Cat R., W. of L. St. Joseph, Patricia, Ont. (Not Black-iron.) Black Sturgeon; bay, lake and river, lake Nipigon, Thunder bay district. Ont. Blackwater; creek, lake, mountain, and range of mountains, south of Bush river, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Blackwater; river, tributary to Fraser river, above Quesnel, Cariboo and Coast districts, B.C. (Not Black river, nor West Road river.) Blackwell; railway station, Lambton county, Ont. (Not Blackwall.) Blaeberry; river, tributary to Columbia river, between Donald and Moberly stations, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Blueberry.) Blaine; lake, southwest of Carlton, central Saskatchewan. Blake; point, S.E. end of W. Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Stony.) Blakeney; passage, between Hanson, Cracroft and Harbledown islands, Broughton strait. Coast district, B.C. (Not Blackney.) Blakiston; brook, tributary to Waterton R., Alta. (Not Kootanie nor Pass creek.) Blakiston; mount, Tp. 2, R. 1, W. 5, M., southern Alberta. Blanchard; river, tributary to Tatshenshini R., Cassiar district, B.C. and Yukon. Blanchard. See Blanshard. Blanche; river, emptying into the head of L. Timiskaming, Timiskaming dist., Ont. Blanford; bay, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Blanshard; mount, southeast of Pitt lake. New Westminster district, B.C. (Not Blanchard nor The Golden Ears.) Blind. See Chematogan. Blind. See Coldwater. Blinkhorn; mount, west of Parry bay, Vancouver island, B.C. Bloodletter; island. Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Bloodvein; river, emptying into east side of L. Winnipeg, Man. (Not Blood Vein.) Bloomfield; island, off tlie southeast side of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Snake.) Blouin. lake, 'Bourlamaque and Senneville townships, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Pakitanika.) Blue; river, tributary to Dease river, Cassiar district, B.C. Blue. See Harris. Blueberry. See Mennin. Blue'berry. See Blaeberry. Blue Grouse; creek, tributary to Caribou creek. Kootenay district, B.C. Blue Hills of Brandon. See Brandon hills. Blue Jay; creek, flowing into Michael bay, Manitoulin I., Manitoulin district, Ont. Bluff; island. Admiralty group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Bluff; mountain, west of Sooke river, Vancouver island, B.C. Bluff; mountain, north of Frank, southwestern Alberta. Bluff. See De Rottenburg. Bluff. See O'Neil. Bluff. See Yeo. Bluffy; lake, on Wenisaga river, northwest of L. Seul, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Kah-mini-ti-gv\'a-quiack.) Blunt; peninsula, at entrance to Frobisher bay, N.W.T. (Not Blunt's.) Bobbie Burns; mount, west of the southern end of Mabel lake, Osoyoos dis.. B.C. Bobtail. See Naltesby. Bodega; point, south of Granite point, Quadra island, Coast district, B.C. Bodet. See Baudet. Bolger; lake, Burleigh township, Peterborough county, Ont. (Not Bolger's.) Bolivia. See Bayfield. Bonald; lake, on Churchill river, Sask. (Not !Moose.) Bonanza; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. Bond-Head; post village, Simcoe county, Ont. (Not Bondhead.) Bonfils. See Beaufils. Bonnet; island, off northwest side of Flathead island. Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Reef.) Bonney; island, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Bonney; mount, also glacier and neve, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Boofus; mount, north of Gladys lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Boom; lake and mountain, northwest of Storm mountain. Rocky mountains, Alta. Boom; point, southern point of Cockburn island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Booth; bay, east coast of Saltspring island, S.E. coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Booth; creek, tributary to St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Bor; a peak of the Valhalla mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Bosanquet; harbour, Big island, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Boshkung; lake, Stanhope township, Haliburton county, Ont. Boss Dick. See Yorke. Boswell; mount, also river, Teslin river, Yukon. 30 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Bosworth; mount, -nortliTrest of Stephen station, Kootenay district, B.C. Botsford; lake, northeast of Minnitaki lake, Ken era district, Ont. Bottle; portage, between Iron and LaCroix lakes, international boundary. Rainy Eiver district, Ont. Bouchette; lake, an expansion of the upper Ottawa river, Montcalm county, Que. BoucMer; island, Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Bouchie.) Bouckhill; post office, Dundas county, Ont. (Not Bouck's Hill.) Boularderie; island, Victoria county, N.S. (Not Boulardine nor Boulardarie.) Boulder; creek, tributary to Kicking Horse river, Kootenay district, B.C. Boulder; creek, branch of Bonanza creek, Ivlondike river, Yukon. Boulder. See Nares. Boulder. See Opabin. Boulder. See Osipasinni. Boulder. See Sharpe. Bouleau; river, Saguenay county. Que. (Not Bason.) Bouleau. See Cedars. Boulter; lake, McClure township, Hastings county, Ont. Boundary; bay, on international boundary, New Westminster district, B.C. Boundary; cove, between Du Vernet and Dundas points, northeast of Digby island, Coast district, B.C. Boundary; creek, flowing into Yukon river at the crossing of the international boundary, Yukon. Boundary; creek, Hewing into Kettle river, Similkanioen district, B.C. Boundary; mountains, international boundary, Kootenay district, B.C. Bourgeau; mount, also range of mountains, Rocky mountains. Alberta. Boutilier; cove, lake, and point; also Boutilier Point, P.O.; St. .\rargaret bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Boutillier.) Boutillier. See Boutilier. Bow; glacier, lake, pass, peak, and river, western Alberta. (Not Coldwater lake, Upper Bow lake. Coal mountain, nor Askow river.) Bow; island, at junction of Belly, Bow and S. Saskatchewan rivers, S.E. Alberta. Bow; range of mountains in the Rockies, Alta. and B.C. Bow. See Hector. Bowden; lake, south of Clay lake, Kenora district, Ont. Bowdoin. See McLean. Bowes. See Constance. Bow Island; post office and railway station, southeastern Alberta, Bowman; creek, west of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Bowmanville ; town, Durham county, Ont. Bowron ; lake and river, tributary to Fraser river. Carilioo district. B.C. (Not Bear.) Bowsman; post office and railway station, also river tributary to Woody river, Man. (Not Bowsman River post office.) Bowtree; lake and river, emptying into south side of lake LaRonge, Sask. Boxer; reach, east of Gribbell island, Coast district, B.C. Boyd. See Belliveau. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAXADA 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Boyer; lake, south of Dinorwic lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Saganaga.) (New name adopted to avoid duplication of Saganaga, the name of a well known lake on international boundary west of L. Superior.) Boyer; reef, east of Belcher reef, Bruce county, Ont. Boyer; river, tributary to Peace river, also settlement, Alta. (Not Paddle river.) Eeversal of former decision. Boyne. See Morris. Brabant; island, Clayoquot sound, S.W. coast of Vancouver I., B.C. (Not Pender.) Brachiopo-d; mountain, south of Ptarmigan lake, Eocky mountains. Alberta. Brackendale; settlement, on Squamish river, New Westminster district, B.C. Braden; mount, also creek, west of mount McDonald, Vancouver island, B.C. Braebiirn; mount, also lake, northwest of lake Laberge, Yukon. Bramham; island. Queen Charlotte sound, Coast district, B.C. (Not Branham.) Brandon; hills, south of Brandon, Man. (Not Blue hills of Brandon.) Brandon ; island, Departvire bay, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Double.) Brandypot; bank, channel, and island, east of Hare island, St. Lawrence river, Charlevoix county, Que. (Not Brandy Pot nor Pot-a-l'eau-de-vie.) Branham. See Bramham. Brantnober; mount, in southwestern Yukon. Bras d'Or; lake, the expanse between St. Peter inlet and Barra strait, W'ith its bays; Cape Breton, Inverness, Richmond and Victoria counties, N.S. (Not Great Brass d'Or lake.) Previous decision revised. Bratt; island, west of Georgina island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Bray; settlement and railway station, Russell county, Ont. (Not Bray's nor Bray's Crossing.) Bray; reef, east of Ruel shoal, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay. Parry Sound district, Ont. Bray's Crossing. See Bray. Brazeau; lake and river, tributary to the Saskatchewan, also mountain range, central Alberta. (Not Brazeau's.) Brebeuf; island, in the southern portion of Georgian bay, !Muskoka district, Ont. (Not Breboeuf.) Breeches; lake, Garthby township, Wolfe county. Que. Brenton; mount, north of Chemainus river, Vancouver island, B.C. Brenton; railway station, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Brenton's.) Brereton; lake, north of Rennie, southeastern Manitoba. Brett ; mount, northwest of mount Bourgeau, Alberta. Brevoort ; island, east of Beekman peninsula, N.W.T. Brew; mount, on south side of Cayoosh creek, Lillooet district, B.C. Brewer; creek, tributary to Stewart river, above Scroggie creek, Yukon. Brewery; creek, tributary to Wild Horse river, Kootenay district, B.C. Brewster; creek and glacier, southwest of Banif, Kootenay district, B.C. Brian. See Brine. Bridge; island, N. of Broughton I., St. Lawrence R., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Chimney.) Bridge; river, flowing into Fraser river, above Lillooet, Lillooet district, B.C. 32 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Bridgland; river, tributary to Thessalon river, Algoma district, Ont. (Not East branch of Thessalon river.) Brier; island, at entrance to St. Mary bay, Digby county, N.S. (Not Bryer.) Bright; lake, McClintock township, Haliburton county, Ont. Brighton ; township, in Northumberland county, Ont. Brightsand; lake, Tps. 53 and 54, K. 20, W. 3 M., Sask. (Not Bright Sand.) Brine ; lake, east of St. Margaret bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Brian.) Brinston; post village, Dundas county, Ont. (Not Brinston's Comers.) Brinston's Corners. See Brinston. Brion; island, Magdalen group, Gaspe county, Que. (Not Bryon, Byron, nor Cross.) Brisco; range of mountains, between Columbia and Kootenay rivers, B.C. Bristol. See Shemogue. Britannia Bay; post village and summer resort, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Brit- annia-on-the-B ay . ) British; range of mountains, near the Arctic coast, crossed by international boundary, Alaska and Yukon. Britton; mount, north of Tulameen river, Yale district, B.C. Broadback; river flowing from the height of land near Mistassini lake, westerly through lake Evans to Rupert bay, Abitibi, Que. Includes the waters for- merly named '' Little Nottaway river," " Eapid river " and " Victoria river." Previous decision revised. Broadv/ood; mount, east of Elko, Kootenay district, B.C. Brock; group of islands, St. Lawrence river, west of Brockville, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Brock's.) Brock; island, north of St. Lawrence island. Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Squaw.) Brockway; settlement, York county, N.B. (Not Brookway.) Brodeur; island, south of Shesheeb bay. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Brokenhead; river, flowing northerly into lake Winnipeg, also village, Man. (Not Broken Head.) Brokenmouth ; river, tributary to Nelson river, Manitoba. (Not Broken-mouth.) Bronson; lake, south of Ministikwan lake, central Saskatchewan. (Not Grassy.) Bronte; creek, railway sta. and village, Halton Co., Ont. (Not Twelve Mile creek.) Brookway. See Brockway. Broom; hill, west of Sooke harbour, Vancouver island, B.C. Brotchie; ledge, at southeast entrance to Victoria harbour, B.C. (Not Brotchy.) Broughton; island, N.E. of Grenadier I., St. Lawrence R., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Corn.) Broughton; shoals, off Broughton island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Corn island shoals.) Brown Dome. See Marble Dome. Brownie; lake, Smellie township, Kenora district, Ont. Browns; creek, tributary to Fortymile river, near international boundary, Ywkon. (Not Brown nor Brown's.) Brown's. See Knapp. Brownwater. See Coffee. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF C AX AD A 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Bmce; harbour, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Bnice; mount, Saltspring island, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Bruce; river, vrest of Driftpile river, central Alberta. Brucy's. See Brussy. Bruins; pass, in the Hermit range of the Selkirks, Kootenay, B.C. (Not Bruin's.) Brule; point, Athabaska R., opp. mouth of Little Buffalo E., Alta. (Not Point Brule.) Brule. See Grand. Brush. See Sheaffe. Brushy; creek, emptying into Christopherson lake, Timiskaming county, Que. Brussy; point, on north side of ile Perrot, Vaudreuil county. Que. (Not Brucy's.) Bryant; creek, tributary to Yukon river, south of Klondike river, Yukon. Bryce; mount, west of mount Alexandra, summit range of the Rockies, Alberta, and Kootenay district, B.C. Bryer. See Brier. Bryon. See Brion. Buck; creek, tributary to Bulldey river, Cassiar district, B.C. Buck; hill, north of Redflag mountain, Vancouver island, B.C. Buckeye; shoal, south of Jenkins point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Qnt. Buckham; bay and point, Ottawa river, Torbolton township, Carleton county, Out. (Xot Buckham's nor Buckom.) Buck-hill; river, tributary to Nipukatasi river, Abitibi territory. Que. Buckley. See Bulkley. Buch's. See Beaurivage. Buffalo; lake, south of Battle river, Alberta. (Not Bull.) Buffalo. See Mami. Buffalo Pound; lake, north of jMoosejaw, Sask. (Not Highpound.) Buffer; lake, northwest of Howell, southern Saskatchewan. Buisson ; point, west of Melochville, Beauharnois county, Que. (Not Buisson's.) Bukemiga; lake, west of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Bulkley; river, tributary to Skeena river at Hazelton, Cassiar and Coast districts, B.C. (Not Buckley.) Bull; river, tributary to Kootenay R., N. of Wardner, Kootenay dist., B.C. (Not Bad.) Bull See Buffalo. Buller; reef, off the south shore of Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Bullpound. See Hanalta. Bull's Forehead; hill, opposite the mouth of Red Deer river, southern Saskatchewan. Bumfrau. See Beechwood. Bunker; hill, south of Braeburn lake, southern Yukon. Buntzen; lake, east of the north arm of Burrard inlet, New Westminster district, B.C. (Not Trout.) Burgess; mount, also pass, southwest of mount Field, Kootenay district, B.C. Burgoyne; bay, Saltspring island, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Burgoyne. bay, south shore of Hudson strait. New Quebec. Burial; point, Sansum narrows, Stuart channel, S.E. coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Burke; island, south of Reid point, Bruce county, Ont. 25(1— S 34 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ,5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Bnmet; lal^e, -west of Kennabutch lake, Kenora district, Ont. Burnham; creek, tributary to Dominion creek, Indian river, Yukon. Burns; creek, tributary to Indian river, Yukon. Burns; lake, on telegraph trail, south of Babine lake, Coast district, B.C. Burnt; island, northerly from Inner Duck island, and separated from Manitoulin island by a very narrow channel, Manitoulin district, Ont. The south end of this island was called ' Peninsular point ' by Admiral Bayfield. Burnt; river, Haliburton and Victoria counties, Ont. Burnt. See Aubrey. Burnt Bay; lake, south of Grand lake "Victoria, Pontiac county, Que. Burnt Island; harbour, south shore of Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Burnstone. See Battersby. Bumtwood; bay, south shore of L. Seul, Kenora district, Ont. Burntwood; lake, and river tributary to Nelson river, Manitoba. (Not Wepiskow.) Burrill; point. Active pass, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. Burritt Rapids; post village, Grenville county. Que. (Not Burritt's Rapids.) Burton; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. Burton; island, west of Berens island, lake Winnipeg, Man. (Not Little Black.) Burton; town, on Columbia river, near north end of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay dis- trict, B.C. (Not Burton City.) Burveith; arm, Ladysmith harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Burwell; port, east shore of Ungava bay. New Quebec. Bush; lake, peak, and river, northwest of Donald, Rocky Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Bush; mountain, between Watson and Wheaton rivers, southern Yukon. Bu.sh. See Renny. Butler; bay, north of Cyrus Field bay, N.W.T. Butler; lake, south of Wabigoon lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Kabitustigweiak.) Button ; islands, on south side of entrance to Hudson strait, New Quebec. Butwell; peak, west of Garnet mountain, Yoho park. Rocky Mts., Kootenay dist., B.C. Butze; point and rapids, between Morse basin and Shawatlan passage, east shore of Kaien island. Coast district, B.C. Buzzard; lake, Burleigh township, Peterborough county, Ont. Byron. See Brion. > Cabane. See Cohan. Cabano ; railway station, river, township, and village, Temiscouata county. Que. Cabin; creek, tributary to Flathead river, Kootenay district, B.C. Caiistachuan. See Kabistachuan. Cabri; lake, northeast of the mouth of Red Deer river, southern Saskatchewan. Cache; bay, W. end of Saganaga lake. Int. boundary, Rainy River district, Ont, Cache; lake, in Algonquin National park, Nipissing district, Ont. Cacouna; island and village, Temiscouata county, Que. Cactus; lake, southeast of Eyehill creek, Sask. Cadman; point, west of Consecon, Weller bay, Prince Edward county, Ont. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Cadwallader; creek, tributary to south fork of Bridge river, Lillooet district, B.C. Cahill; lake, west of Slocan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Cahnish. See Kanish. Cain; point. Active pass, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. Cain ; river, tributary to ^Miramichi river, Xorthumberland county, N.B. (Not Cain's nor Kains.) Cain River; post village, Xorthumberland county, N.B. (Not Cain's River.) Cairn; island and mountain, Richmond gulf, New Quebec. Calder; lake, west of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. C alder. See Couldrey. Caldwell; island, point, and shoal. Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Crystal island nor (trassy point.) Caledon East; railway station and village, Peel county, Ont. (Not East Caledcn.) Caledonia; village, Guysborough county, N.S. (Not Middle Caledonia.) Calete. See Kaiete. Calf; creek, headwaters of Klondike river, Yukon. Calf Pasture; point and shoal, Brighton township, Northumberland county, Oct. Call Mill; settlement, Brome county. Que. (Not Calls Mills.) Calvin Grove. See Kelvingrove. Camden. See Campden. Camelot; island, Lake Fleet grcap, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Hog.) Cameron; lake, northwest of Kakagi lake, Kenora district, Ont. Cameron, lake, international boundary, southwestern Alberta. Cameron; mountains, south of Taku arm, Cassiar district, B.C. Camp; lake, Finlayson township, Nipissing district, Ont. Campbell; creek, flowing Avesterly into Semiamu bay. New Westminster district, B.C. (Not Tahtaloo.) Campbell; creek, tributary to Felly river, Yukon. At the mouth of this stream is the site of Felly Banks Fost, abandoned in 1850. Campbell; island, E. of Flatland L, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Little Flatland.) Campbell; island. Admiralty group, St. Lawrence R., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Round.) Campbell; mountains, N.W. of Dawson, also at upper waters of Laird river, Yukon. Campbell; reef, southwest of Dorcas bay, Bruce county, Ont. Campbell; river, tributary to Tobique river, from Trousers lake, Victoria county, N.B. (Not Right Hand Branch of Tobique river.) Campbell; valley, west of Ice river, Kootenay district, B.C. Campbell Cross; post village, Feel county, Ont. (Not Campbell's Cross.) Campbellton; town, Restigouche county, N.B. (Not Campbell-town.) Campden; post office, Lincoln county, Ont. (Not Camden.) Campobello; island, N.W. of Grand Manan I., Charlotte Co., N.B. (Not Campo Belle.) Campo Bello. See Welshpool. Canaan. See New Canaan. Canboro; post office, Haldimand county, Ont. (Not Canborough.) Candle; lake, central Saskatchewan. Canning; lake, Minden township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Canning's.) 36 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Canoe; lake, in Algonquin National park, Nipissing district, Ont. Canoe. See Kamongus. Canon; lake and river, tributary to Wabigoon river, Kenora district, Ont. Canous. See Kanus. Canonse. See Kanus. Canrobert; post village and railway station, Eouville county, Que. (Not Ange Gardien de Kouville nor L'Ange Gardien East.) Canterbury. See luvermere. Cantin; sboal, southwest of St. Joseph, Huron county, Ont. Canyon; creek, tributary to Dease river, also lake south of lake Lindeman; Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Deep.) Canyon; creek, branch of Quartz creek, Indian river, and hill between lakes Laberge and Marsh, Yukon. Canyon. See Ormonde. Cap-a-1'Aigle ; village, Charlevoix county, Que. Cap Brule; lightstation, on cape of same name, below Cap Tormentine, Montmorency county, Que. (Not Montee du Lac.) Cap Chat : lightstation and post office on cape of same name, also river and township, Gaspe county, Que. (Not Cap-de-Chate nor Cape Chatte.) Oap-de-Chate. See Cap Chat. Cap de Moselle. See Demoiselle. Cape Chatte. See Cap Chat. Cape of Hopes Advance. See Hopes Advance. Cape Horn. See Pilot. Cape Negro; island, at entrance to Negro liarbour, Slielburne county. N.S. (Not Negro.) Cape Neg^o Island; post office, on island of same name. Shelburne county, N.S. Caplan; river, and Caplan Kiver post office, Bonaventure county, Que. (Not Capelan.) Caps (riviere des) ; river, flowing into the St. Lawrence below Fouquette river, Kamouraska county, Que. Captain John's. See Foresters. Caraqnet; bay, parish, river, and village, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not Caraquette.) Carbon; hill, south of Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Carcajou; river, tributary to Kinojevis river, Timiskaming county, Que. Carcross; post station, between Bennett and Nares lakes, southern Yukon. (Not Caribou nor Caribou Crossing.) Cardinal's. See Arcand. Cariboo; district, lake, and mining division, British Columbia. (Not Caribou.) Cariboo. See Stevens. Caribou; creek, tributary to Dominion creek, Yukon. Caribou* creek and point, east of Columbia river, l>etween the Arrow lakes, Kootenay district, B.C. Caribou. See Carcross. Caribou. See Keshkabuon. Caribou. See Lawrence. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF UAXADA 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25cl Caribou. See Meachan. Caribou. See Mudjatik. Caribou Crossing. See Carcross. Caribou Mines; post office, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Caribou Gold Mines.) Carleton ; lake, west of llanitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Carlsbad Springs; post office and raihvay station, Eussell county, Ont. (Not East- man's Springs.) Carmack; a fork of Bonanza creek, Yukon. Carmi; creek, tributary to west fork of Kettle river, also village at junction of the streams. Similkameen district, B.C. CaiTiarvon; mount, northwest of Emerald lake, Eoeky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not McMullen.) Carnegie; island, north of Hill island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Caron; lake, Pettypiece township, Kenora district, Ont. Caron; lake, Bellecombe, Claire and Vaudray townships, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Crooked.) Caron; point, east of Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Jacques Cartier county. Que. Caron. See Carron. Carp; lake and portage, W. of Knife lake. Int. boundary, Rainy River district, Ont. Carp. See Lomond. Carpenter; point, Wolfe island. Frontenac county, Ont. (Not Hinckley.) Carr; railway station, Huntingdon county, Que. (Not Carr's Crossing.) Carroll. See Macdonald. Carroll Wood; bay, S. shore Manitoulin L Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Woods.) Carron; point, at south entrance to Bathurst bay, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not Caron.) Previous decision reversed. Carrot, river, tributary to Saskatchewan river, Man. and Sask. (Not Root.) Carr's Crossing. See Carr. Carrying Place; village, on the road of that name, Northumberland and Prince Edward counties, Ont. Carson; lake, .Jones township, Renfrew county, Ont. Carson ; post office, international boundary, Similkameen district, B.C. Carter; bay, east of Jenkins point, Manitoulin district, Ont. Carter; mount, east of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Carter; rock, west of Greene island and south of the west end of Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Carthew; bay, northwestern shore of L. Simcoe, Simcoe Co., Ont. (Not Carthew's.) Cartier; lake, Wylie township, Renfrew county, Ont. Cartier; mount, east of Columbia river, Kootenay district, B.C. Cartier; post office, Beauharnois county, Que. (Not Cartierville.) Cartierville. See Cartier. Carys Swan Nest; cape, Coats I., Hudson bay, N.W.T. (Not Gary's Swan Neat.) Cascade; po~t village, on Kettle river, Similkameen district, B.C. Cascade. See Coast. Cascade. See O'Hara. 38 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Cascurapeque; bay, Prince county, P.E.I. (Not Cascumpec nor Holland.) Casey; cove, south of Pariseau point, Digby island. Prince Eupert harbour, Coast district, B.C. Cassels; lake, Cassels and Eiddell Tps., Nipissing district, Ont. (Not White Bear.) Cassiar; a district of British Columbia. Cassiar; bar, Lewes river, south of Big Salmon river, Yukon, Cassiar; creek, tributary to Yukon river, above Fortymile, Yukon. Cassiar; mountains, near upper waters of Liard river, B.C. and Yukon. Cassidy; lake and railway station, S.W. of Cobalt, Timiskaming, Ont. (N>.i Baes.) Cassidy; railway station, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Cassidy's nor Cassidy Siding.) Castle; mountain, north of Castle Mountain station, Rocky mountains. Alberta. Castor and Pollux; peake, east of mount Bonney, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Castilian; shoal, southeast of Cockburn island, near entrance to Mississagi strait, Manitoulin district, Ont. Castor; creek, tributary to Battle river. Alberta. (Not Beaverdam.) Cat; lake and river, tributary to L. St. Joseph, Patricia, Ont. (Not Cat Lake river.) Catamount; peak, in the Hermit range of the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. Cataract; brook, tributary to Kicking Horse river, near Hector station, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Wapta creek.) Cataract; peak, northeast of mount Molar, Eocky mountains, Alberta. Cataract; rock, southwest of Porcupine point, Bruce county, Ont. Cataract. See Cline. Cataraqui; river, flowing into lake Ontario, at Kingston, Frontenac county, Ont. (Not Cataracquay, Cataraque, nor Great Cataraqui.) Catch. See Ketch. Catchacoma; lake. Cavendish township, Peterborough Co., Ont. (Not Ketchacum.) Cathawhachaga. See Kathawachaga. Cathedral; mountain, east of Mt. Stephen, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Pinnacle.) Catline. See Georgina. Cat-tail; brook, tributary to Opichuan river, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Cattle. See Cottle. Causapscal; river and village, Matane Co., Que. (Not Casupscul nor Cosupscoult.) Cavalier; island, southwest of Ghegheto island, Bruce county, Ont. (Not Gull.) Cave; rock, in Yukon river, east of international boundary, Yukon. Caven; creek, tributary to Gold creek, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Middle nor South Fork of Gold creek.) Cay-ke-qiiah-he-lcung. See Kekkekwabi. Cayoose. See Cayoosh. Cayoosh; creek, tributary to Fraser river, at Lillooet, B.C. (Not Cayoose.) Cedar; island, west of Massasauga point, bay of Quinte, Prince Edward county, Ont. Cedar; island, east of the mouth of Cataraqui river, Frontenac county, Ont. Cedar; lake, north of L. Winnipegosis, Manitoba. Cedar. See Kishikas. Cedars; island, rapids, and village, Soulanges county. Que. (Not Bouleau rapids.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Cegemecega. See Kejimkujik. Cegoggin. See Chegoggin. Celtis; lake, south of William bay, L. Seul, Kenora district, Ont. Centrefire; lake, N.W. of Minnitaki lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Centre Fire.) Centurion; mountain and glacier, northwest of Argentine mountain, Selkirk moun- tains. Kootenay district, B.C. Chaba : river, tributary to Athabaska river, east of Fortress lake, Alberta. Chabatok; Indian village, Kabistachuan bay, Mistassini lake. Mistassini tei-ritory, Q. Chagoggin. See Chegoggin. Chakwa; lake, at headwaters of St. Maurice river, Champlain county, ^jue. Chaleur; bay, an inlet of the gulf of St. Lawrence, between Quebec and New Bruns- wick. (Not Bay of Chaleur nor Bale des Chaleurs, &c.) If the French form is Msed it is to be " Bale de Chaleur." Chalk; bay, at mouth of Chalk river, also lake which is an expansion of the river near the bay, Buchanan township, Eenfrew county, Ont. (Not AUumette bay nor Sturgeon bay and lake.) Chalk Eiver; post village and railway station, Eenfrew county, Ont. Chaloupe. See Shallop. Chamberlain; island, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. (Not Crete.) Chambly; village, Chanibly county, Que. (Not Chambly Basin.) Champagne ; island and point, east of Shipman point, St. Lawrence K., Leeds Co., Ont. Champlain; point, south of Atherley, at northern end of lake Simcoe, Ontario Co. Ont. Chancellor; peak, east of Leanchoil station, Kootenay district, B.C. Chandindu; river, tributary to Yukon river, between Dawson and Cudahy, Yukon. Channel; point, northeast side of Cockburn island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Channel ; rock, off northwest side of Fitzwilliam island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Chantler; post office, Welland county, Ont. (Not Chantler's.) Chantry; island, southwe-st of Saugeen river, Bruce county, Ont. The surrounding shoal bank is named after the island. Chaperon; mountain, Blackwater range of the Rockies, Kootenay district, B.C. Chapleau; lake, Tp. 14, Egs. 10 & 11, W. 2 M. southwestern Saskatchewan. Chaplin; lake and river, southern Saskatchewan (Not Old Wives.) Charlehois. See Arcand. Charles, island, in Hudson strait, New Quebec. (Not Katutok.) Charles; point, west side of Prince Eupert harbour, Coast district, B.C. Charlo; village, Guysborough county, N.S. (Not Charlo Cove nor Charlo's Cove.) Charlo's Cove. See Charlo. Charlotte; lake, Brudenell township, Eenfrew county, Ont. Charlton; bay, northeast of Leask point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Charlton; mount, south of the narrows of Maligne lake, Eocky ]\rts., western Alberta. Charwell; point, east of P«ter lightstation. Prince Edward county, Ont. (Not Gull.) Chartier; lake, south of Grand lake Victoria, Pontiac county. Que. (Not Waja- bakoute.) Chase; island, Frobisher bay, N.W.T. ^ Chase; railway station, Vancom^er island ,B.C. (Not Chase Eiver Crossing.) 40 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Chase; river, south of Nanaimo, Vancouver island, B.C. Chase River Crossing. See Chase. Chassepot; rock, S. of Tremayne bay, southern coast of Digby I., Coast district, B.C. Chateauguay. See Lalonde. Chaudiere; falls and portage, between Namakan and Rainy lakes, international boundary, Rainy River district, Ont. (Not Kettle.) Chaudiere. See Koochiching. Cheakamus; river, tributary to Squamish river. New Westminster' district, B.C. Chehistuanonekau ; river, upper waters of Waswanipi river, Abitibi territory, Que. Chegoggin; point and post village, Yarmouth county, N.S. (Not Cegoggin nor Chagoggin.) Chehalis; creek, flowing into Gladys bay, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Che-halis.) Chemaiiius ; bay, lake, railway station, river, and village, in the sr/Uthwest portion of Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Horse Shoe bay.) Chemainvs. See Kulleet. Chematogan; channel, between Squirrel and Walpole islands, L. St. Clair, Lambton county, Ont. (Not Blind.) Chemung; lake and post office, Peterborough Co., Ont. (Not Chemong nor Shemong.) Cheney; post village and railway sta. Russell Co., Ont. (Not Cheney Station village.) Cheney Station. See Cheney. Chensagi; river, emptying into Gull lake Abitibi territory. Que. (Not Tshensagi.) Cheops; mount, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Cherry; island, southeast of Dead island, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay, Parry Sound district, Ont. Cherry; lake, northwest of Lost lake, Kenora district, Ont. Cherry; point, southeast of Cowichan harbour, Vancouver island, B.C. Cherry. See Robert. Cherry. See St. Helena. Cherub; mountain, Selkirk range, Kootenay district, B.C. Cheslatta; lake, south of Francois lake, Coast district, B.C. (Not Chestatta.) Chetang; ridge, east of Mumm peak, Rocky mountains. Cariboo district, B.C. Cheticamp; island, river, and town, Inverness county, N.S. (Not Chetican.) Cheverie; creek and village, Hants county, N.S. (Not Chiverie.) Chiblow; lake, in Montgomery and Searfe townships, Algoma district, Ont. (Not Macoming.) Chihougamau; lake and river, south of Mistassini lake, Abitibi territory, Que. (Not Chibougamou nor Chibougamoo.) Chichester; island, northwest of Grenadier I., St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Chickens. See Kathlyn. Chicot; river. Two Mountains county, Que. (Not Petit Chicot.) Chidley; cape, at entrance to Hudson strait, New Quebec. (Not Chudleigh.) Chief; island, near north end of lake Timiskaming, Timiskaming county, Que. Chief Mountain. See Waterton. Chiefs; island, Couchiching lalxe, Ontario county, Ont. (Not Chief.) Chiefs; point, Amabel township, Bruce county, Ont. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF C AX AD A 4t SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Chieftain; hill, between "Watson and Wheaton rivers, southern Yukon. Chignecto; bay, between Cumberland county, Nova Scotia, and Albert and West- morland counties, New Brunswick. (Not Chignecto channel) Chikobi; lake, Guyenne township, Timiskaming comity. Que. (Not Chikobee.) Chikoida; mountain and river, Nakina river, Cassiar district, B.C. Chilako; river, trib. to Nechako K.. Cariboo district, B.C. (Not Chilacco nor Mud.) Chilanco. See Chilanko. Chilanko; river, trib. to Chilcotin R., Cariboo and Coast districts, B.C. (Not Chilanco.) Chilco. See Chilko. Chilcote. See Chilko. Chilcotin; lake, river, and village. Cariboo and Lillooet districts, B.(^. Childs; lake, in Duck Mountain Forest reserve, western Manitoba. Chilko; lake and river, tributary to Chilcotin river, Cariboo, Coast, and Lillooet dis- tricts, B.C. (Not Chilco nor Chilcote.) Chilliwack; lake, river, and town, in southern British Columbia. (Not Chilliwak, Chilli whack, Chillukweyuk, nor Chiloweyuck.) Previous decision revised. Chimney; creek, flowing into Fraser R., "W. of Williams lake, Cariboo district, B.C. Chimney. See Bridge. Chimney Island (point). See Patterson. Chimo. post, Koksoak river. New Quebec. (Not Fort Chimo.) Chin; coulee and post office, southern Alberta. China; butte, creek, and ridge, east of west fork of Kettle river, southern B.C. China; cove and reef, near Wreck point, entrance to Georgian bay, Bruce Co., Ont. China Hat. See Klemtu. Chiniki; creek and lake, tributary to Bow river, also mountain, southern Alberta. (Not Chiniquy.) Chinimicash. Eee Shinimikas. Chip; lake, west of St. Ann, Alberta. (Not Dirt nor Lobstick.) Chipewyan; H. B. Co.'s post, and Mission station, near outlet of Atliabaska lake, also lake to southwest of Athabaska lake, Alta. (Not Chippawyan nor Chippewyan.) Chipewyan; settlement, near southwesterly end of Athabaska lake, northeastern Alberta. (Not Fort Chipewyan.) Chipman Corner; post office. Kings county, N.S. (Not Chipman Corners, Chipmans Corner nor Chipman's Corners.) Chipooin. See Chipuin. Chippawa; village, Welland county, Ont. (Not Chippewa.) Chippewa. See Harmony. Chippewa. See Welland. Chipuin; mountain, Tp. 20, R. 27, W. fJ M., Kaniloops district, B.C. (Not Chipooin.) Chipntneticook; lakes, headwaters of St. Croix river, on western boundary of JSJew Brunswick. (Not Chiputnecticook nor Chiputnaticook.) Chisaouataisi. See Sassawatisi. Chisholm; shoal, in Michael bay, S. shore of Manitoulin I., Manitoulin district, Ont. Chismaina; lake, southeast of Teslin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Chitek; lake and river, emptying into Meadow lake, Sask. (Not Pelican.) 42 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Chivelston; lake, south of Harris lake, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Chiverie. See Cheverie. Chlorydorme. See Cloridorme. Choelquoit; lake, north of Chilko lake. Coast district, B.C. Chonat; bay and point, S. shore OkisoUo channel, Coast district, B.C. (Not Lake.) Choniahan. See Sholiaban. Choquette; bar, in Stikine E., N. of Iskut E., Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Choquette's.) Chorkbak; inlet, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. (Not Tchork-back.) Chown; mount, about 25 miles northwest of Mt. Eobson, Eocky mountains, Cariboo district, B.C. Chrislers. See Crysler. Christie; mount, also pass, watershed of Eoss and Gravel rivers, N.W.T. and Yukon. Christie; mount, southwest of Mt. Moberly and west of Athabaska river, Alta. Christie Lake; post office, Lanark county, Ont. (Not Christy's Lake.) Christina; bay, S. shore of Manitoulin I. and east of Burnt I., Manitoulin district, Ont. Christina; lake and river, discharging into Clearwater river, northeastern Alberta. (Not Pembina.) To avoid duplication of the name Pembina applied to a larger stream tributary to Athabaska river. Christopherson ; lake, north of Grand lake Victoria, Timiskaming county. Que. Christy; creek, east of Whatshan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Chrysler. See Crysler. Chuan. See Saltspring. Chuch Koone. See Chukuni. Chudleigh. See Chidley. Chudliasi; bay, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. (Not Chudli-a-si.) Chukuni; river, north of Eed lake, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Chuch Koone nor Whitefish Spawning.) Chungo; creek, tributary to south branch of Brazcau river. Alberta. (Not Trail.) Church; point, Markham bay, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Church; point, east of Becher bay, southern coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Churchill; river, emptying into Hudson bay, Manitoba and Sask. (Not English or Missinnipi.) Chute; cove, Annapolis county, N.S. (Not Chute's cove.) Ciboux; island, at entrance to Great Bras d'Or, 'Victoria county, N.S. (Not Bird nor Hiboux.) Cigar; island, north of Chiefs point, Bruce county, Ont. Cinder; point, eastern side of Cockburn island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Cinnamon; creek, west of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Circle; lake, west of Favel lake, Kenora district, Ont. Cirque; i>eak, northeast of Bow lake, Eocky mountains. Alberta. Citadel; mountain. Sir Sandford range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Citron. See Gordon. Citrouille ; point, St. Lawrence river, Champlain county, Que. Clachnacudainn; range of mountains and snowfield, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay dis- trict, B.C. (Not Clach-na-coodin.) Clairvaux-de-Bagot; post village, Bagot county. Que. (Not Clairvaux de Bagot.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAXADA 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Clairville. See Humber. Clapham; lake, Thetford township, ITegantic county, Que. Clappison; settlement. AYentwortli county, Ont. (Xot Clappison's Corners.) Clark Fork. See Pend d'Oreille. Clark; harbour, Cornell Grinnell bay, N.W.T. (Not Frank Clark.) Clark; lake, Dungannon township, Hastings county, Ont. (Not Clark's.) Clark; point, Gabarus bay, Cai>e Breton county, N.S. (Not Low.) New name to avoid confusion with Low point and Low Point P.O., George bay, Inverness Co. Clark; point and reef, Bruce county, Ont. (Not Pine Point nor Clark Point reef.) Clarke; glacier and peak, S.E. of Mt. Bonney, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay district, B.C Clarke ; island. Blind bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Clarke's.) Claude; lake, near northerly end of lake Manitoba, !Man. Clay; brook and lake, Villeneuve township, Ottawa Co., Que. (Not Clay Brook lake.) Clay; river, tributary to Bell river, Timiskaming eouuty, Que. Clayoquot; sound, also post village on Stubbs island in the sound, west coast of Van- couver island, B.C. Clayoquot. See Opitsat. Clear; creek, tributary to Stewart river, Yukon. Clear. See Sasaginaga. Clear. See Smooth Rock. Clear. See Wakomata. Clear Water. See Madge. Clear Water. See Reader. Clearwater; river, tributary to Athabaska river at McMurray, Alta. and Sask. Clearwater; river, tributary to the Saskatchewan, at Rocky Mountain House, Alta. Clearwater; river, tributary to Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. Clearwater. See Teggau. Cleaveland; point, S. shore of St. Margaret bay, Halifax Co. N.S. (Not Cleveland.) Cleftrock; lake, west of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Cleft Rock.) Clements Land; in the southeastern portion of Baf&n island, N.W.T. Cleopatra; island; southwest of Grenadier I., St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Cleveland. See Cleaveland. Cliff; lake, southwest of Perrault lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Mountain.) Cline; mount, southwest of Sentinel mountain, also river flowing into the Saskatche- wan, N. of Sentinel mountain, central Alberta. (Not White Goat nor Cataract.) Clinton; creek, near Cudahy, Yukon. Clinton-Colden ; lake, northeast of Great Slave lake, N.W.T. (Not Clinton Golden.) Clio; bay and point, Kitimat arm. Coast district, B.C. Clondyke. See Klondike. Cloridon. See Cloridorme. Cloridorme; township and village, Gaspe county. Que. (Not Cloridon, Chlorydorme, nor Chlorydormes.) Cloydh. See Kloiya. Club ; island, southwest of Rockport, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Cluster; rocks, Ladysmith harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Clyde Comers; post office, Huntinjrdon county, Que. (Not Clyde's Comers.) 44 DEPARTMENT OF TEE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Coac. See Koak. Coachman; head, east side of Mahone bay, Lunenburg county, N.S. (Not Covey.) Coal; creek, tributary to Elk river, at Fernie, Kootenay district, B.C. Coal; creek, tributary to Yukon river, below Fortymile, Yukon. Coal; creek, lake, and ridge, north of Watson river, Yukon. Coal. See Kirby. Coast, island, west of Eidley island, Coast district, B.C. Coast; range of mountains, in western part of British Columbia. (Not Cascade.) Cobalt; lake and town, Timiskaming district, Ont. Coban ; river, tributary to Waswanipi E., below Otchisk E., Abitibi, Que. (Not Cabane.> Cobb; lake, Eussell county, Ont. (Not The lake.) Cobble Hill; post office and railway station, west of Saanich inlet, Vancouver I., B.C. Cocagne; harbour, island, river, and town, Kent county, N.B. (Not Cocaigne.) Cochrane; river, flowing into Deer lake, south of Island lake, Patricia district, Ont. CocJc. See South Fowl, Cockburn; island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Cockburn; island, Brock group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Picnic.) Cockburn; land, in N.W. portion of Baffin island, N.W.T. (Not Cockburn island.) Cochmagun. See Cogmagun. CocTcmigon. See Cogmagun. Cockscomb ; mountain, near the headw^aters of Jumpingpound creek, southern Alberta. Coeliill; P.O. and Ey. sta., Hastings county, Ont. (Not Coe Hill nor Coe Hill Mines.) Coffee; river, tributary to Bell river, Timiskaming coimty, Que. (Not Brownwater.) Coffey; post office, Huntingdon county. Que. (Not Coffey's Corners.) Coffey's Corners. See Coffey. Cogle; pass, at head of St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Cogmagun; river, Hants county, N.S. (Not Cockmagun, nor Cockmigon.) GoJborne. See Colburne. Colhourne. See Colburne. Colburne; passage between Piers island and Saanich peninsula, southeast coast of Van- couver island, B.C. (Not Colborne nor Colbourne.) Cold; brook, tributary to Gizzard river, Abitibi territory. Que. Cold; lake, north of Beaver river, central Alberta and Saskatchewan. Cold. See Kississing. Coldbrook; post office and railway station, Kings county, N.S. (Not Cold Brook Station, P.O.) Cold Brool: See Colebrooke. Coldstream, river, flowing into L. St. Francis, Frontenac and Megantic counties, Q. Coldwater; river, emptying into east end of L. Superior, Algoma, Ont. (Not Blind.) Coldwater. See Bow. Cole; point, northwest point of Big island, bay of Quinte, Prince Edward county, Ont. (Not Cole's.) Cole; rapids, Saskatchewan river, above the entrance of the south branch, Sask. (Not Cole's nor La Colle.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CA'SABA 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25ci Colebrooke; settlement, south of Campbellton, Eestigouche county, N.B. (^iNTot Cold- brook, nor Cold Brook.) Coleman; cove and harbour, west of entrance to St. IMargaret bay, Lunenburg county, N.S. (Not Coleman's.) Coleman; island, Sagemace bay, lake Winnipegosis, llanitoba. Coleman; mount, southeast of mount Athabaska, Kocky mountains, Albei'ta. Coleraine; railway station, township, and village, Megantic county, Que. (Not Col- raine nor Coleraine Station post office.) Collie; mount, northwest of mount Balfour, Eocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Collie. See Yoho. Collier; island, Navj- group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Collyer.) Collins; shoal, Ladysmith harbour, east coast of Vancouver island. B.C. Collinson; point, Active pass, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. Colmer; cape, at entrance to Crooks inlet, Hudson strait. N.W.T. Colraine. See Coleraine. Colombe. See Coulombe. Colquhoun; island, in St. Lawrence river, below Cornwall, Glengarry county, Ont. (Not Colquhon nor Colquhouns.) Columbia; lake, at source of Columbia river, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Upper Columbia.) Columbia; mount, also glacier and snowfield, west of Mt. Bryce, sun.mit range of the Eockies, Alta., and Kootenay district, B.C. Columbia; river, Kootenay district, B.C. Comb; islands ;nid river, oast side of Hudson bay, New Quebec. 'Not Comb Hills island and river.) Commandant. See Papineau. Commerell; point, south side of Eaft cove, northwest coast of Vujicouver island, B.C. Commerell. See Sutil. Commissioners; lake. Lake St. John county. Que. (Not Commissioner.) Compass; lake, Burleigh township, Peterborough county, Ont. Comporte; river, tributary to Murray river, Charlevoix county, Que. Cone; hill, near mouth of Clinton creek, Yukon. Cone; mountain, near Stikine river, north of Scud river, Cassiar district, B.C. Cone; mountain, north of Spray mountains, Eocky Mountains park, Alberta. Cone; point, on the west side of lake Evans, Abitibi territory, Que. Connaught; mount, in the big l)ond of Salmon river, Kamloops district. B.C. Conn Mills; village, Cumberland county, N.S. (Not Conn's Mills.) Connolly; mount, between Mackenzie sound and Sutlej channel. Coast district, B.C. (Not Conolly.) Conrad; mining camp, west shore Windy arm, Tagish L., Yukon. (Not Conrad City.) Conrad; mount, east of Windy arm of Tagish lake, Cassiar district, B.C. and Yukon. Conran; island, Brock group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Eefugee.) Consecon; lake and village, east of Weller bay, Prince Edward county, Ont. Consolation, creek, emptying into Gladys lake, Cassiar district, B.C; Consolation; valley, east of Moraine lake. Alberta. 46 , DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Conspicuous peak. See Empress mountain. Constance; island, between Georgina and Hill islanland lake.) Cumberland ; peninsula and sound, in southeastern portion of Baffin island, N.W.T. (Not Northumberland inlet, Hogarth sound, nor Penny gulf.) Cumming; point, Drury inlet, Queen Charlotte sound, Coast district, B.C. (Not Cum- ing nor Cummings.) Cumming; i)oint, Gribbell island. Coast district, B.C. Cundale ; bay, east shore of Horsfall island, Hecate channel. Coast district. B.C. Cunliffe; island. Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Gunliffe.) Cupola; mountain, Selkirk range, Kootenay district, B.C. Currie; mount, west of Lillooet lake, Lillooet district, B.C. Currie; post village and railway station, Oxford Co., Ont. (Not Currie's Crossing.) Currie s Crossing. See Currie. Curry's. See Corry. Curtain ; falls, between Crooked and Iron lakes, Int. boundary. Rainy River dist., Ont. Curtis; peak, southeast of Mt. Biddle, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Cut. See Lindsay. Cutarm; river, tributary to Qu'Appelle river, southern Sask. (Not Big Cutarm.) Cutknife ; creek, hill, and post office, S. of Battle river, Sask. (Not Cut Knife.) Cyclone; peak, an outlying spur of mount Drummond, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Cypress; hills, southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. Cypress; lake, south of Cypress hills, southwestern Saskatchewan. Cypress; lake, southwest of Saganaga lake. Int. boundary. Rainy River district, Ont. Cypress; river, tributary to Assiniboine river, southern Manitoba. Cyprian; peak, in the Bishops' range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Cyrus Field; bay, east shore of Baffin island, N.W.T. (Not Cyrus W. Field.) Dack; spit, west of Port Elgin, Bruce county, Ont. Dadancour. See Giroux. Dago; creek, tributary to Little Slocan river, Kootenay district, B.C. 2od—4 50 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Dahadinni; river, trib. to Mackenzie R., N.W.T. (Not Dahadinee nor Dahadinne) Dail; creek and peak, west of Windy arm, Tagish lake, Yukon. Dainard; creek, tributary to Moose creek, also laJ^e east of the creek, Yobo park, Eocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Daisy; lake, emptying into Cheakamus river. New Westminster district, B.C. Dalesville; river, tributary to West river, Argenteuil county, Que. (Not Middle Branch of West River.) DaHJioitsie Mills. See Dalbousie Station. Dalhousie Station; post village, Soulanges county, Que. (Not Dalbousie Mills.) D'Alogmy. See Maple. Dalton; range of mountains, near Dezadeash lake, southwest Yukon. Daly; mount, southeast of mount Balfour, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Dane; island, east of Lyal island, Bruce county, Ont. Daniels; lake, north of Linklater lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Daniel nor Danish.) Danish. See Daniels. Daoust; mount, south of Lewes river, Yukon. Dares; point, east side of Mahone bay, Lunenburg county, N.S. (Not Indian.) Dark; island. Admiralty group, St, Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Dark. See Aubrey. Darlens; river, Darlens township, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Bear.) Darlington ; • post office, railway station, and township, Durham county, Ont. Dashwood; island, east of Wallace island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Dasserat; lake, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Island, Mattawagosik, nor Obadowa- gashing.) Previous decision revised. Dauphin; lake and town, western Manitoba. Dauphin; river, emptying into Sturgeon bay, lake Winnipeg, Man. (Not Little Sas- katchewan.) Dauphinee; head, Hubbard cove, mountain north of Head harbour, Halifax county, and lake northeast of St. Margaret bay, Halifax and Limenburg counties, N.S. (Not Dauphiney nor Dauphney.) Dauphney. See Dauphinee. Dave; bay, south side of Great Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Davenport; creek, flowing into west end of Gladys lake, Cassiar district, B.C. David; point, Shawatlan passage, northeast of Kaien island. Coast district, B.C. Davidson; mountains, hetweeen Ladue river valley and McQuesten lakes, Yukon. Davies; lake, west of Barnard lake, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Davis; creek, branch of Walker creek, west of Dawson, Yukon. Davis; island, Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Davis; lake, Lutterworth township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Davis'.) Davy; lake and river, Trecesson township, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Davie V Dawkins. See Jorkins. Dawson; bay, in northwestern portion of L. Winnipegosis, ^Manitoba. Dawson; capital city of Yukon territory. (Not Dawson City.) Dawson; island, lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Dawson; mount, also glacier, southeast of mount Bonney, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Dawson; peak, near Teslin lake, Yukon. Dawson; point, at the northerly end of Primrose island. Coast district, B.C. Dawson; point, at the head of lake Timiskaming-, Ont. Dawson ; range of mts.. at confluence of Lewes. Pelly, and Yukon rivers. Yukon. Dawsonvale. See Dawsonville. Dawsonville; town, Restigouche county, N.B. (Not Dawsonvale.) Dayman; island, west of Kuper island, S.E. coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Deacon ; lake, Melick, Pettypiece, and Eedditt Tps., Kenora district, Ont. (Not Ant.) Dead; island, also Dead Island reef, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay, Parry Sound district, Ont. Deadman; harbour and head, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not Deadman's.) Deadman; islets (2), east of Beck island, also the navigable channel between the islets and the spit extending north from Felice (Round) island, Clayoquot sound, Van- couver island, B.C. Deadwood; creek, tributary to Yukon river, below Dawson, Yukon. Dean; bay and spit, east of Dominion point, Manitoulin district, Ont. Dease; lake and river, tributary to Liard river, Cassiar district, B.C. Deathdealer; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. DeBeaujeu; inland, St. Lawrence river, Soulanges county, Que. Not Grande ile aux Erables.) Debert; river and village, Colchester county, N.S. (Not DeBert.) Dehert. See irasstown. Deception; bay, south shore Hudson strait. New Quebec. (Not Foster's Harbour nor Shedlui.) DeCewville; post village and Ey. station, Haldimand Co., Ont. (Not Decewsville.) Decker; lake, on telegraph trail, south of Babine lake. Coast district, B.C. DeCourcy; group of islands, Pylades channel, southeastern coast of Vancouver island, B.C. (Not DeConrcey.) Deep. See Canyon. Deep creek. See Trepanege river. Deepwater; lake, northeast of lake Timiskaming, Timiskaming courity, Que. Deer; island, IJ m. N. W. from Gull harbour, L. Winnipeg, Man. (Not Punk.) Deer. See Atikwa. Deer. See Georgina. Deer. See Punk. Deer Park; mountain, post office, and landing to important mining district, east of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Deer mountain.) Defot; mount, also creek, Dease river, Cassiar district, B.C. Delany; lake, southeast of Lount lake, Kenora district, Ont. Delap Cove; village, Annapolis county, N.S. (Not Delap's Cove.) Delisle; river. Glengarry county, Ont. (Not De Lisle nor L'Isle.) Deltaform; mountain, Bow range of the Rockies, Alta. and Kootenay district, B.C. Delthore; mount, Gravel river, N.W.T. 2-jd—ih 52 DEPARTMENT OF THE lyTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Delusion; bay, in southern portion of Digby island, Coast district, H.C Demaniel; creek, flowing into Sooke harbour, Vancouver island, B.C. Demers; a peak of the Valhalla mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not DeMers.) Demers; rock, east of Brandypot channel, St. Lawrence river, Temiscouta Co., Que. Demoiselle; cape and creek, Albert county, N.B. (-Not D'Moiselle, Cap de Moselle, nor Cape de Moiselle.) De Montigny; lake, Dubuisson and Varsan townships, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Kienawisik.) Denise; arm, northeast arm of Morse basin, east of Kaien island, Coast district, B.C. Denmark; lake, south of Atikwa lake, Kenora district, Ont. Dennis; mount, also pass, south of mount Stephen, Kootenay district, B.C. Dennis. See Denys. Dent; mount, north of Blaeberry river. Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Denver; creek, tributary to St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Denver; mount, west of Slocan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Denys; river, Inverness county, N.S. ; also Eiver Denys P.O., River Denys Road P.O. River Denys Station, P.O. (Not Dennis.) Departure ; bay, north of Nanaimo, Vancouver island, B.C. Depot; island, west of Supply point. Depot harbour. Parry Sound district, Ont. (Not Supply.) DeRottenburg ; island. Brock group, St. Lawrence, R., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Bluff.) Derry; post office. Peel county. Ont. (Not Derry West.) Derry West. See Derry. DeSalaberry; island, St. Lawrence river, Beauharnois county, Que. (Not Grand.) Descanso; bay, Gabriola island, strait of Georgia, B.C. (Not Knight nor Rocky.) Deschaillons; seigniory and post village, Lotbiniere county, and island in Richelieu river, Richelieu county, Que. (Not d'Eschaillons, des Chaillons, Eschaillons, St. Jean Deschaillons, nor St. Jean-Baptiste Deschaillons.) Deschamhault ; lake, and river flowing from Wapawekka lake, central Saskatchewan. (Not Bear Lake river.) Deschenes; post office, Ottawa county, Que. (Not Deschenes Mills.) Deschesnes Mills. See Deschesnes. D'Escousse; harbour, port of entry, and post village, Madame island, Richmond county, N.S. (Not Descouse, Descousse, nor Discousse.) Deseronto; town, Tyendinaga township, Hastings county, Ont. Desert; point, N.E. end of Great Duck island, Manitouliu district. Ont. (Not Sand.) Deseticaux See Azatika. Despair. See Espoir. Despatch. See Dispatch. Desolation. See Ten Peaks. Desolation. See Wenkchemna. DeStein; point, west of Russell arm, Prince Rupert harbour. Coast district, B.C. Deville; mount, northwest of Ottertail station, Roclcy Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Devils Head; mountain, in the Rocky Mountains park, Alberta. (Not Devil's Head.) Devil's Head (lake). See Minnewanka. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Devil's Pine. See Ghostpine. Devizes; lake, west of Barrington lake, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Devon; island, northwest of Baffin island, N.W.T. (Xot North Devon.) DeWatteville ; island, southeast of the Brock group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Guide.) Dewdney; mount. Porcupine river, Yukon. Dezadeash; lake, and river tributary to the Alsek, southwestern Yukon. Dez Amecane. See Azatika. Diable (cap an) ; cape, western entrance Ivamouraska bay, Kamouraska Co., Que. Diamond; island, west of Jubilee island, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Diamond; lake, Herschel township, Hastings county, Ont. Diana; bay, west of Cape Hopes Advance, Hudson strait. New Quebec. Dibble; creek, tributary to Bull river, Kootenay district, B.C. Dickey; lake, Lake township, Hastings county, Ont. (Not Dickey's.) Dickinson Landing; pest village, Stormont county, Ont. Not Dickenson's Landing nor Dickinson's Landing.) Dickson ; hill, south of Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Dinghy; island, between Barge and Deathdealer islands. Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not 34g.) Dinorwic; lake and railway station, Ivenora district, Ont. (Not Little Wabigoon.) Dion; creek, tributary to Yukon river, near Dawson, Yukon. Dirt. See Chip. Dirtywater. See Houghton. Di.scou.sse. See D'Escousse. Discovery; lake, east of Minnitaki lake, Kenora district, Ont. Discovery. See Plumber. Disella; lake, south of Chismaina lake, Yukon. Dispatch; island, in Columbia river, near south end of L^pi->er Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Despatch.) Division; mountain, east of Schwatka river, southern Yukon. Dixie; mount, also lake, east of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Dixie. See O'Donnel. Dixon; lake. Limerick township, Hastings county, Ont. (Not Dixon's.) Dixon Corners; post village, Dundas county, Ont. (Not Dixon's Comers.) Dobbs; island, N. of Gordon island, St. Lawrence K., Leeds county, Ont. (Not Hay.) Doctor; island, S.E. of Tar island, St. Lawrence E., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Doctor's.) Doctor, island, south shore of Hudson strait. New Quebec. Doctor; island, between Eussell island and Tobermory harbour, at entrance to Geor- gian bay, Bruce county, Ont. Doctor; lake, on Churchill river, Sask. Dodd; narrows, between Mudge and Vancouver islands, B.C. Dodge; cove, W. of Parizeau Pt, Digby I., Prince Rupert harbour. Coast district, B.C. Dodge; island, north of Parizeau point, Prince Rupert harbour. Coast district, B.C. Dog; island, also Dog Island lightstation, opposite Seal cove, north shore of Lennox passage, Richmond county, N.P (Not Seal.) 64 DEPARTMFA'T OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Doghead; point, the northeastern point of entrance to the narrows of lake Winnii)eg, Man. (Not East Doghead.) Dognose; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. Dog's Head. See Whiteway. Dogtooth; mountains, Selkirk range, Kootenay district, B.C. Dokdaon; creek, tributary to Stikine E., near Clearwater E., Cassiar district, B.C. Dokis; island, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay, Parry Sound district, Qnt. Dollis; creek, tributary to Tatshenshini river, southwestern Yukon. Dolomite; lake, south of Eeed lake, Manitoba. (Not Limestone.) Dolomite; pass, peak, and stream, Eocky mountains. Alberta. Domhourg; islet, in St. Lawrence river, near Pointe-aux-Trembles, Portneuf county, Que. (Not Donbour nor Frechette.) Dome; mountain, west of Cudahy, near international boundary, Yukon. Dome; mountain, near lake Evans, Abitibi territory. Que. Dominick; lake, Eugby township, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Dominic.) Dominion; bay and point, south' shore of Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Dominion; creek, tributary to Indian river, Yukon. Don; lake, west of Favel lake, Kenora district, Ont. Don; river, flowing into lake Ontario, York county, Ont. (Not West Branch of Don river.) Don. See Little Don. Donald. See McDonald. Donaldson; island, east of Sooke inlet, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Secretary.) Donhour. See Dombourg. Dondaine; islands, St. Lawrence river, near Valleyfield, Soulanges county. Que. (Not Soulanges.) Donjek; river, tributary to White river, Yukon. Donkin; mount, also glacier and pass, southeast of mount Bonney, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Doohaunt. See Dubawnt. Dorcas; bay, east coast of lake Huron, Bruce county, Ont. D'Or; cape, Cumberland county, N.S. (Not Dore nor D'Ore.) Dore (baie du) ; bay, Bruce county, Ont. Dore. See D'Or. Dorion. See Vaudreuil. Dorothy; island and narrows. Devastation channel. Coast district, B.C. Dotty; lake, Finlayson township, Nipissing district, Ont. (Not Dotty's.) Double. See Brandon. Douglas Douglas Douglas jDouglas Douglas Douglas Douglas Douglas channel, between Hawkesbury island and the mainland, Coast district, B.C. creek, southwest of Banff, Alberta. harbour, King George sound, Hudson strait. New Quebec. lake, cast of mount Douglas, Kocky mountains. Alberta. mount, at headwaters of Eed Deer river, Eocky mountains. Alberta. mount, north of Victoria, B.C. point, Bruce county, Ont. point, E. entrance Melville arm. Prince Eupert harbour. Coast district, B.C. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Douglas. See Protection. Dover. See Taylor. Dover East; township, Kent county, Ont. (Not East Dover.) Dover South. See Paincourt. DowTcer. See Lynch. Dowling; lake, south of Sullivan lake, southern Alberta. Downey; bay, Ottawa river, Sheen township, Pontiac county, Que. (Not Armstrong nor Downey's.) Downie; island, Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Float.) Doyle; island. Blind bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Doyle's.) Dozois; lake, east of Grand lake Victoria, Pontiac county, Que. (Not Birch.) Drag; lake, Dudley township, Haliburton county, Ont. Drewry; lake. Haycock township, Kenora district, Ont. Driedmeat; hill and lake, on Battle river, eastern Alberta. (Not Dried Meat.) Drifting; river, tributary to Valley river, western Manitoba. Driftpile; river, flowing northerly into Lesser Slave lake, central Alberta. Driftwood; creek, flowing westerly into Bulkley river, Coast district, B.C. Dromedary; island, N.E. of Grenadier I., St. Lawrence R., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Pear.) Drumming; point, northeast extreme of Black island, lake Winnipeg, Man. Drummond; mount, at headwaters of Red Deer river. Rocky Mountains park, Alta. Drummondville Junction. See Sutton Junction. Dryad; point, northeastern portion of Campbell island, Seaforth channel, Coast dis- trict, B.C. (Not Turn.) Dryberry; lake, northeast of Berry lake, Kenora district, Ont. Dryden; railway station, Kenora district, Ont. Dubawnt; lake and river, N.W.T. (Not Doobaunt.) Duchesnay; mount, also lake and pass. Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Duck; lake, southeast of Carlton, central Saskatchewan. Duck; mountain, also Duck Mountain Forest reserve, western Manitoba. Duck. See Sissipuk. Duckie; lake, northwest of Chismaina lake, Yukon. Duck Lake; Indian reserve, P.O. and railway station, southeast of Carlton, Sask. Duck River North. See North Duck. Duck River South. See South Duck. Dudidontu; river, tributary to Inklin river, Cassiar district, B.C. Dufault; lake, Dufresnoy township, Timiskaming Co., Que. (Not Lake of Islands.) Dufay; lake, east of Hebert lake, Dufay township, Timiskaming, Que. (Not Rest.) Duffin; creek, flowing into lake Ontario, Ontario county, Ont. (Not Duffins.) Duffin; passage, between Felice island and Low peninsula, Clayoquot sound, Van- couver island, B.C. Dufresnoy; lake, Destor and Dufresnoy townships, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Kajakanikamak.) Previous decision revised. Duke; point, Northumberland channel, strait of Georgia, New Westminfiter district, B.C. Dumais; islet, northern of 3 rocky islets in the St. Lawrence, off St. Germain, Katnouraska county, Que. 56 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Dumfounder; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Dumoine; lake and river, Timiskaming, Que. (Not Du Moine, Big, nor Grand.) Duncan; mount, also glacier, east of Beaver Mt., Selkirk range, Kootenay, B.C. Duncan; lake, north of Kootenay lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Howser nor Upper Kootenay.) Duncan; post office and railway station, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Duncan's nor Duncan's Station.) Duncan; river, flowing southeasterly into Duncan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Dundalk; mount, also creek and railway station, on east side of Bennett lake, Yukon. Dundas; islands, western side of Chatham sound. Coast district, B.C. Dundas; point, on northeast coast of Digby island. Coast district, B.C. Dunn; island, near Pearson island, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Grant.) Dunsekikan; island, lake St. Martin, Man. Dunsmuir; islands, Ladysmith harbour, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Twin.) Dunvegan ; a post of the H.B. Co., on Peace river. Alberta. (Not Port Dunvegan.) Duparquet; lake, Duparquet and' Hebecourt townships, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Agotawekami.) Previous decision revised. Duplex; mountain, south of Lyell creek, Rocky mountains. Alberta. Dutch; creek, flowing easterly into Oldman river, southern Alberta. DuVernet; point, on northeast coast of Digby island. Coast district, B.C. Dwyerhill; post office, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Dwyer HiU.) Dyer. See Waddell. Dyke; head, on south shore of Hudson strait. New Quebec. Dyment; railway station, Kenora district, Ont. Dyson ; creek, tributary to Sheep river, also mountain, southern Alberta. Eabemet; lake and river, tributary to Albany river, Patricia district, Ont. Eagle; bay, at the so^^th end of Grand lake Victoria, Timiskaming county. Que. Eagle; cape, above St. Pidele, Charlevoix county, Que. Eagle; cove and point, Cove island, at entrance to Georgian Bay, Ojit. Eagle; glacier and peak, Selkirk mountains, also pass and river west of Revelstoke» Kootenay district, B.C. i Eagle; hills, southwest of Battleford, Sask. Eagle; lake, railway station, and river, Kenora district, Ont. Eagle; lake, soutlicast of Tatla lake. Coast district, B.C. Eagle; river, tributary to Dease river, Cassiar district, B.C. Eagle. See Aigles. Eagle. See Anstruther. Eagle. See Kiyiu. Eagle. See Murphy. Eagle. See Sakwatamau. Eagle Crag; mountain, near confluence of Iskut and Stikine rivers, Cassiar, B.C. Eaglehill ; creek, flowing into the Saskatchewan, west of Elbow station, southern Sask. (Not Eagle nor Eagle Hill.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Eaglenest ; lake, in the Birch mountains. Alberta. (Xot Eagle ISTest.) Eaglenest; P.O., Brant Co., Ont. (Not Eagle Nest, Eagles Nest, nor Eagle's Nest.) Eagle Nest; mountain, on lower Lewes river, below Little Salmon river, Yukon. Eagle Rock; lake, northeast of Kaopskikamak lake, Kenora district, Ont. Earner; village, Stormont county, Ont. (Not Earner's Corners.) Ear; lake, northwest of Tramping lake, Sask. Earl Grey; pass, in the summit range of the Selkirks, between Hammill and Toby creelcs, Kootenay district, B.C. Earl Grey; river, emptying into L. Aylmer, N.E. of Great Slave L. (Not Earl Grey's.) Earl Patches; shoals, S. of Russel I., entrance to Georgian bay, Bruce county, Ont. Earn; river, tributary to Felly river, north of Glenlyon mountains, Yukon. East; bluff, west of Gabriel strait, N.W.T. (Not Innarulligang.) East; lakje, Harburn township, Haliburton county, Ont. East; river, Bonaventure county. Que. (Not East Port Daniel river.) East; river, Pictou county, N.S. (Not East river of Pietou.) East. See Nelson. East Arrowwood; river, tributary to Bow river. Alberta. (Not East Arrow Wood.) East Belanger. See Girouard. E. Br. Athahasha R. See Sunwapta. " E. Br. Thessalon R. ' See Bridgland. East Caledon. See Caledon East. East Chimney Island (shoals). See Griswold, East Boghead. See Doghead. East Dover. See Dover East. East Flamhoro. See Elamboro East. E. Fork of W. Fork Kettle R. See Trapper creek. Eastmain; river, emptying into James bay. Que. (Not East Main.) Eastman's Springs. See Carlsbad Springs. Easton; post village, Grenville county, Ont. (Not Easton's Corners.) Easton's Corners. See Easton. East Point. Se!e Quebec head. East Port Daniel river. See East. East Sister; shoal, S. of Yeo I., entrance to Georgian bay, Manitoulin district, Ont. East Souris. See Souris. Eatchepashi. See Etchipotchi. Eau Doree; (riviere a 1') river, tributary to Moisie river, Saguenay county. Que. (XdI Takameshau.) Ebb-and-Flow ; lake, W. of the narrows of L. ]\ranitoba, Man. (Not Ebb and Flow.) Ecapo. See Ekapo. Echafaud. See Pouce Coupe. Echimamish ; river, tributary to the east branch of Nelson river, Manitoba. (Not Echamamish nor Echiamamish.) Echo; island, east of Cove island, at entrance to Georgian bay, Bruce county, Ont. Echo; lake, an expansion of Qu'Appelle river above Lebret lake, Sask., in the chain of the " Fi.shing lakes," which see. 53 DEPAIiTilEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Ecstall; river, flowing into the Skeena at Essington, Coast district, B.C. (Not Hock- stall, Huckstall, Huxstall, nor Oxstall.) Ecstew. See Exstew. Eddy; railway station, north shore of Skeena river, Coast district, B.C. Eddy's Mills. See Edy Mill^. Edgfar; lake, south of the Taku arm of Tagish lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Edgar; settlement, Essex county, Ont. (Is at Edgar's Mills.) Edgar's Mills. See Edgar. Edgell; banks, Kanoose harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Edgell; island in Blunden harbour, Queen Charlotte sound, Coast district, B.C. Edgett; cape, near Edgett landing, Albert county, N.B. (Not Big.) Edith; lake and river. Big island, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Edith; mount, west of the north end of lake Laberge, Yukon. Edith. See Bailey. Edmonton; capital city of Alberta. (Not Eort Edmonton.) Edmund; mount, northwest of Surprise lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Edmund; rock, off Commerell point, northwest coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Edna; point, forms eastern boundary of Christina bay, Manitoulin I., L. Huron, Ont. Eduni; mountain, Gravel river, N.W.T. Edward ; island, and harbour in the southwest portion of the island, south of entrance to Black bay, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Edward ; lake, Smellie township, Kenora district, Ont. Edward ; point, at the entrance to St. Clair river, Lambton county, Ont. Edy Mills; post office and railway station, Lambton county, Ont. (Not Eddy's, Eddy's Mills, nor Edy's Mills.) Eel; lake, southwest of Opasatika lake, Timiskaming county, Que. Eel. See Pontleroy. Eels; lake, Cardiff township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Eel.) Effingham; island, inlet, and port on the island, Barkley sound, B.C. Effingham; lake, Effingham Tp., Addington Co., Ont. (Not Little Weslemcoon.) Egan; brook and lake, tributary to York R., Hastings Co., Ont. (Not Jamieson's.) Egg. See Scotch Bonnet. Eglinton; post office, York county, Ont. (Not Eglington.) Egnell; creek and mountain, Sheslay R., Cassiar, B.C. (Not Egnelle hot Egnell's.) Ego; mo\intain, north of Lycll creek, Rocky mountains. Alberta. Egypt. See Macdonald. Ehkwee. See Ekwi. Eider; islands, west coast Ungava bay, New Quebec. Eiffel; peak, south of Pinnacle mountain. Rocky mountains. Alberta. Eightmile. See Tatsho. Eighteen-mile. See Stirling. Eins; lake, east of Tramjiing lake, Saskatchewan. Eisner; cove, Halifax bar., Halifax Co., N.S. (Not Isnor, Eisenhaur, nor Eisenhauer.) Ekapo; lake, east of Weed hills, southeastern Saskatchewan. (Not Ecapo.) Ekwan; river emptying into James bay, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Equan.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CASAhA 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Ekwi; river, tributary to Gravel river, N.W.T. (Not Ehkwee.) Elbow; lake, north of Stranger lake, Kenora district, Ont. Elbow; lake, on Grass river, northwest of Eeed lake, Manitoba. (Not Ithenotosquan nor The Elbow.) Elbow; lake, northeast of Humboldt bay, L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Elbow; mountain, at bend in lower part of Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. Elbow: river, tributary to Bow river, Alberta. Elder Mills ; post village and Ey. sta., York Co., Ont. (Not Elder nor Elder's Mills.) Eldorado; creek, tributary to Bonanza creek, Yukon. Eliot; passage, between Indian islands and Village island, at south entrance to Knight inlet, Coast district, B.C. (Not Elliot.) Elizabeth; bay, in southern portion of Olga lake, Abitibi territory, Que. Elizabeth; lake, on northwest corner of Purdom township, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Sharp Mountain lake.) Elizabeth; point, N. of Parizeau Pt., \Y. side Prince Rupert harbour, Coast dist., B.C. Elk; mountains and river, southern Alberta, and Kootenay district, B.C. Elk; river, tributary to Kootenay river, Kootenay district, B.C. Elkwater; lake, Tp. 8, R. 3, W. 4th M., Alberta. Ella; island, north of Leach island, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Gull.) Ellesmere; island, includes the whole of the insular tract lying between latitude 76° and 84° N. and longitude 62° and 90° W. ; portions of which have been named " Arthur Land," " Ellesmere Land," " Grant Land," " Grinnell Land," " Jesup Land," " King Oscar Land," " North Lincoln," Schley Land," etc. Ellinor; rock, east of Kinahan islands, southwest of entrance to Prince Rupert har- bour. Coast district, B.C. Elliott; peak, on north side of the Saskatchewan, opposite the confluence of the Sas- katchewan and Siffleur rivers, Alberta. Elmtree; post village and river, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not Elm Tree.) Embarras; river, tributary to McLeod river, central Alberta. Embrun; railway station and village, Russell county, Ont. Emerald; lake, peak, and river, northwest of Field, Kootenay district, B.C. Emerald. See Louise. Emerald. See President. Emil; creek, tributary to Nello river, Klondike river, Yukon. Emilia ; island, Douglas channel, west of Maitland island, Coast district, B.C. Emily Maxwell; reef, south of Fitzwilliam island, ]\ranitoulin district, Ont. Emma; island, northwest of Big island, Hudson strait, N.W.T. (Not High.) Emma ; lake, on Nipigon river, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Emmerson; point, west side of Prince Rupert harbour. Coast district, B.C. Empress; mountain, east of Sooke R., Vancouver I., B.C. .(Not Conspicuous peak.) Emulous; reef, off Ram I., Lockport harbour, Shelburne Co., N.S. (Not Emulow.) End; mountain, south of the south fork of Ghost river. Rocky mountains. Alberta. Endako ; river, tributary to Stellako river, east of Francois lake. Coast district, B.C. Endikai; lake, N.E. of Grasett Tp., Algoma district, Ont. (Not Endikai-a-go-ming.) Endymion; island. Lake Fleet grp., St. Lawrence R., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Endjnnian.) 60 DEPARTilEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 English; portage, Pigeon river, above Grand portage, international boundary, Thunder Bay district, Ont. English; river, rising near English River station, C.P.R., and flowing northward to L. Seul, and thence westward to its confluence with Winnipeg river, Kenora and Patricia districts, Ont. English. See Churchill. Englishman ; lake and river, tributaiy to Saskatchewan river, central Saskatchewan. Ennett; post office and railway station, Kent county, Ont. (Not Turnerville.) Ennis; mount, east of mount Vaux, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Ennishone; post settlement, Victoria county, N.B. (Not Ennishore.) Ennishore. See Ennishone. Enrage; cape, Chignecto bay, N.B. (Not Enrage.) Ensley; creek, tributary to Yukon river, north of Indian river, Yukon. Entrance ; island, off Berry point, Gabriola island, S.E. coast of Vancouver I., B.C. Epaule; riviere a 1') river, Tewkesbury township, Quebec county. Que. Eqiian See Ekwan. Erickson; creek, railway station, and ridge, east of Michel, Kootenay district, B.C. Erskine; mount, Saltspring island, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Eschaillons. See Deschaillons. Eskimo ; bay, islands, and river, west of the strait of Belleisle, Saguenay county, Que. (Not Esquimaux.) Eskimo; island, one of the Mingan group; Saguenay county, Que. (Not Esquimaux.) Eskwahani; lake, near the headwaters of Ottawa river, Berthier and Joliette counties, Que. (Not Askwahani.) Eskwanonwatin ; lake, on Black Sturgeon river, south of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Esquanonwatin.) Esplanade; range of mountains in the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. Espoir (cap d') ; cape, at entrance of Chaleur bay, Gaspe Co., Que. (Not Despair.) Esquanonwatin. See Eskwanonwatin. Esquimaux. See Eskimo. Essington; town, at mouth of Skeena river. Coast district, B.C. (Not Port Essington.) Etang. See L'Etang. Etcliipotchi; river, tributary to Waswanipi R., Abitibi, Que. (Not Eatchepashi.) Ethel; lake, south of Mayo brook, Stewart river, Yukon. Ethel ; lake, Redditt township, Kenora district, Ojit. Etoimami. See Etomami. Etoimami South. See Lilian. Etomami; lake and river, tributary to Red Deer river, eastern Saskatchewan. (Not Etoimami nor Etoimami North.) Etsi-Tcom. See Etzikom. Etta; point, westerly extremity of Maurelle island. Coast district, B.C. Etzikom; coulee, north of Milk river, southern Alberta. (Not Etsi-kom.) Eulatazella; creek and lake, south of Nechako river, Cariboo district, B.C. Eureka; creek, tributary to Indian river, Yukon. Eva; lake, on N. T. railway, east side of Kenora district, Ont. (Not Wig^\-as.) Eva; point. Devastation channel, Coast district, B.C. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF C AX AD A 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Evain : kike, Montbelliiu-d township, Timiskaming' county. Que. (ISTot Kaishk.) Evans; creek, west of Slocan lake, Ivootenay district, B.C. Evans ; lake, in northern part of Abitibi territory. Que. Evelyn; island, east of Warren island, Bruce county, Ont. (Not Birch.) Evening; lake, southwest of Cliff lake, Kenora district, Ont. Everest; island, Brock group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Sumach.) Everett; reefs, at entrance to Timber bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Ewing; mount, west of Gladys lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Execution. See Gallows. Expanse; lake, an expansion of the upper Ottawa river, Timiskaminc,' county, Que. Exstew; Ey. sta., also river tributary to Skeena E., Coast district, B.C. (Not Ecstew.) Extension; post office, west of South Wellington, Vancouver island, B.C. Eyehrow; hills, lake, and post office, southern Saskatchewan. Eyehill: creek, flowing into Manito lake, Alberta and Saskatchewan. (Not Eye Hill.) Fagan; ground, S.W. of Yeo I., at entrance to Georgian bay, Manitoulin district, Ont. Fairfield; bluff, on Yukon river, below Cudahy, Yukon. Fairfield; post village and railway station, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Fairfield East.) Fairfield; railway station, east of London, Middlesex county, Ont. Fairfield East. See Fairfield. Fairford; river, between Manitoba and St. Martin lakes, ]\ran. Fairground; post office, Norfollc county, Ont. (Not Fair Ground nor Fair Grounds.) Fairholme; mountains, north of Bow river, Eocky Mountains park. Alberta. Fair Ness; headland, at entrance to Markham bay, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Fairview; mountain, south of lake Louise, Alberta. (Not Goat.) Fairview; point, W. coast of Kaien island. Prince Eupert harbour, Coast district, B.C. Fairway; channel, northwest of Gabriola island, southeast coast of Vancouver I., B.C. Fairy; lake, east of Kejimkujik lake. Queens county, N.S. Fairy. See Mamakwash. Falcon; rock, at entrance to Prince Eupert harbour. Coast district, B.C. Fall. See Tortue. Falls; creek, west of Slocan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. False; narrows, between Gabriola and Mudge islands, S.E. coast of Vancouver I., B.C. False Detour; channel, between Cockburn and Drummond islands, Manitoulin dis- trict, Ont. The international boundary passes through the channel. False Ducks; islands (2), at the south entrance to Prince Edward bay, L. Ontario, Prince Edward county, Ont. Tbe distinctive names of these islands are " Swet- man '' for the eastern and ^'Timber" for the western — which see. Fantail; lake and river, W. of Taku arm of Tagish L., Cassiar, B.C. (Not Otter.) Farewell; cape, at the south end of Promise island. Coast district, B.C. Famam Corners; .-ettlement, .Missisquoi county, Que. (Not Farnam's Corners.) Farnsworth; mount, east of O'Donnel river, Cassiar district, B.C. Farquart; lake, Harcourt township, Haliburton county, Ont. Farr; creek, emptying into northerly part of lake Timiskaming, Ont. 62 hEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTEUIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Farran Point; post village and Ky. station, Dundas Co., Ont. (Not Farran's Point.) Farrell; lake. Rosebud district, Alberta. (Xot Long.) Farrier; river, flowing southeasterly into Primrose lake, central Alta. and Sask. Fatigue ; mountain, north of Mt. Assinihoine, Rocky Mountains park, Alberta. Faucher; lake, Varsan township, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Asapikona.) Favel; lake, northeast of Silver lake, Kenora district, Ont. Favourable; lake, southeast of Island lake, Patricia district, Ont. Fawcett ; lake, southeast of Williams bay L. Seul, Kenora district, Ont. Fawcett ; lake and river, tributary to Lesser Slave river, central Alberta. (Not Moose.) Fawn; river, tributary to Severn river, Patricia district, Ont. Fawn. See Woodtick. Fay; moimt. Bow range of the Rockies, Alta., and Kootenay district, B.C. Fay; river, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. Felice; island, between Low peninsula and Stubbs island, Clayoquot sound, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Round.) Felucca; mountain, east of Blackwater range of the Rockies, Kootenay district, B.C. Fenwick; creek, tributary to Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Ferguson; point, on northerly side of Wolfe island, Frontenac county, Ont. (Not Pearson's nor Spardan.) Ferguson Falls; post village, Lanark county, Ont. (Not Ferguson's Falls.) Fergusson; mount, the highest point in the ridge to the northeast of the junction of Cadwallader creek with south fork of Bridge river, Lillooet district, B.C. Ferme (ile de la) ; islet, centre-most of 3 rocky islets in the St. Lawrence, off St. Germain, Kamouraska county. Que. Fern; passage, east and south of Kaien island, connecting upper portion of Prince Rupert harbour with Chatham sound. Coast district, B.C. Fernie; mountain ridge, also town, Kootenay district, B.C. Ferroux; creek and mountain, north of Carmi, Siniilkanieen district, B.C. Feuz; a peak of mount Dawson, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Feves (riviere des) ; river, Chateauguay county, Que. Fiddlers Elbow; channel, between Lynedoch and Wallace islands, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Field; lake, on Ross river, Yukon. Field; mount, and railway station, Kootenay district, B.C. Fife; creek, northwest of Whatshan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Fife; lake, Tp. 3, Rs. 29 and 30, W. 2 :\r., Saskatchewan. Fifteen-mile. See Jennings. Fighting; channel and island, Detroit river, Essex county, Ont. Figuery; lake, Figuery township, Timiskaming county, Que. File; hills, southeastern Saskatchewan. File; lake and river, north of Reed lake, Manitoba. File-axe; lake, on the height of land, S.E. of ^listassini lake, Mistassini territory, Q. Findlay; island, north of Bathurst island, Arctic ocean. (Not Finlay Land nor King Christian island.) The name " King Christian," which has appeared on some recent maps, was given by Sverdrup, but the island had been previously named for GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 63- SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Alexander George Findlay, an eminent cartographer, and publisher of atlases, nautical directories, charts, etc. He was a member of the Council of the Royal Geographical Society for many years. Finger; mountain, \rest of Bennett lake, Yukon, Fmlay. See Findlay. Finlayson; arm, southern portion of Saanich inlet, Vancouver island, B.C. Finlayson; lake and river, near head of Pelly R., Yukon. (Kot Tle-tlan-a-tsoots.) Finlayson; mount, S. of Finlayson arm, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Leading peak.)- Fiord; bay, Separation lake, Kenora district, Ont. Fir; river, tributary to Red Deer river, eastern Saskatchewan. Fire; valley, west of Lower Arrow lake. Kootenay district, B.C. Fish. See Areola. Fish. See Gap. Fish. See Hebert. Fish. See Incomappleux. * Fish. See Mami. - Fish. See Murphy. Fish. See Norbury. Fishbasket; river, emptying into Weibikwei lake, Patricia district, Ont. Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher bay, northwest of Wakeham bay, Hudson strait, Xew Quebec. bay, northeast of Inner Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. creek, tributary to Wild Horse river, Kootenay district, B.C. _ creek, tributary to Sheep river, southern Alberta. harbour, north of Big island, Hudson strait, N.W.T. island, Brock group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Out. lake, east of Dryberry lake, Kenora district, Ont. lake, Timiskaming. county. Que. mount, east of Kootenay river, Kootenay district. B.C. peak, southwestern Alberta. range of mountains, east of Kananaskis river, southern Alta. (Not Fisher's,)' river, flowing northeasterly into the bay of the same name. L. Winnipeg, Man,. Fisherman; cove, at the north end of Gill island. Coast district, B,C. Fishing; islands, extending from Chiefs point to Pike point, Bruce county, Ont. (Not Ghegheto.) Fishing; lakes (4), expansions of Qu'A])i)(>lle river, Sask.. tlie distinctive names being: '• Qu'Appelle,'' " Echo," ''' Lebret," and "' Katepwe "^whieh see. Fishtail; lake, Harcourt township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Fish Tail.) Fitzwilliam ; channel and island, entrance to Georgian bay, Manitoulin dist., Ont. Five-finger; rapid, in Lewes river, below Nordenskiold river, Yukon. Flag , Finn's or Flagg's core. See North Head harbour. Flagstaff; hill, in Tp. 41, R. 11, W. 4 M., eastern Alberta. Flamboro Centre; post village, Wentworth county, Ont. (Not Flamborough Centre.)' Flamboro East; township, Wentworth county. Out. (Not East Flamboro nor Flam- borough East.) Flamboro West; post village and township, Wentworth county, Ont, (Not Flam- borough West, West Flamboro nor West Flamborough.) 64 DEPARTME^'T OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Flat; creek, tributary to Illecillewaet river, Kootenay district, B.C. Flat; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. Flat; point, east entrance to Sydney harbour. Cape Breton county, N.S. (Not Low.) (To avoid confusion with Low point and Low Point post ofBce, Inverness county.) Flat. See Eidley. Flathead; range of mountains, Alta., and Kootenay district, B.C., also river, Kootenay district, B.C. Flatland; harbour, island, and reef, west of Pie island. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Fleet; point, jSTanoose harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Fleming; island, southeast of Port Dover, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Fleming's.) Fleming; peak, Hermit range of the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. Flemming; brook, tributary to Little E., Gloucester Co., N.B. (Not S. Br. of Little K.) Fletcher; island, in Frobisher bay, N.W.T. Fletcher; lake, in McClintock township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Fletcher's.) Flint; lake, north of Kakagi lake, Kenora district, Ont. Float; creek, tributary to Ottertail river, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Float. See Downie. Florence; river, tributary to Bell river, Abitibi territory. Que. Florence; river, tributary to lOondike river, Yukon. Flowerpot; island, east of Cove island, at entrance to Georgian bay, Bruce county, Ont. (Not Flower Pot.) Fluke; lake, west of Cliff lake, Kenora district, Ont. Foam; lake, Tps. 31 & 32, R. 12, W. 2 M., southeastern Saskatchewan. Foamfall; river, tributary to Ashuapmuchuan river, Chicoutimi county. Que. Fog; lake, west of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Folden ; ?ettlcuient. Oxford county, Ont. (Not Folden's Corners.) Folden's Corners. See Folden. Folding; mountain, southeast of Brule lake, central Alberta. Folle; mountain, between Watson and Wheaton rivers, southern Yukon. Folly. See Fort Folly. Footprint; lake and river, N. of Threepoint L., Manitoba. (Not Squirrel nor Weir.) Forbes; mount, southeast of Mt. Lyell, Eoeky mountains, Alberta. Fording; river, tributary to Elk river, Kootenay district, B.C. Foreleg; bay, in Atikwa lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Little Jackfish.) Forest; lake, west of Whitney lake, Kenora district, Ont. Foresters; island, in the bay of Quinte, Prince Edward county, Ont. (Not Captain John's island.) Fork; lake, Tp. 63, R. 11, W. 4 M., eastern Alberta. Fork; river, tributary to Mossy river, south of L. Winnipegosis, Man. Forks; lake, on Churchill E., below Stanley mission, Sask. (Not Rapid River lake.) Forks of Credit. See Credit Forks. Forsyth; island. Admiralty group, St. Lawrence E., Leeds county, Ont. (Not Quarry.) Fort Chimo. See Chimo. Fort Chipewyan. See Chipewyan. Fort Dunvegan. See Dunvegan. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAXADA 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Fort Edmonton. See Edmonton. Fort Folly; point, between Memramcook and Petitcodiac rivers, Westmorland county, KB. (Not Folly.) Fort Frances; village and H. B. Co. post, on Rainy river, Rainy River district, Ont. (Not Fort Francis.) Fort Fraser. See Fraser. Fort James. See Fort St. James. Fort Lennox. See Noix. Fort McKay. See McKay. Fort Macleod. See Macleod. Fort McMurray. See McMurray Fort Nelson; river, tributary to Liard river, Cariboo district, B.C. (Not Nelson.) Fortress; lake, at bead of Wood river, also mountain north of the east end of the lake, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Fort St. James; H. B. Co. post, Mining Record office, and P. O., near the outlet of Stuart lake. Coast district, B.C. (Not Fort James.) Fort St. John; H. B. Co. post, on Peace river. Cariboo district, B.C. Fort SelUrh. See Selkirk. Fort Severn; See Severn. Fort Smith; 11. B. Co. post, also post settlement on Slave river, northern Alberta. Fort Wallace ; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Fort William; city, -Thunder Bay district, Ont. Fortymile; river and town, Yukon. (Not Forty Mile.) Fossil; mountain, southwest of mount Douglas, Rocky mountains. Alberta. Foster's. See Deception. Fosthall ; creek, west side of Upper Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Fouquette; river, flowing into the St. Lawrence, below St. Andre, Ivamouraska county, Que. Fourchu; harbour. Cape Breton county, N.S. (Not Fourche nor Fourchou.) Four-mile. See Lakit. Fournier; post village, Prescott county, Ont. (Not Fournierville.) Fowl; point and portage, international boundary. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Fox; mount, also glacier, in the Selkirks, B.C. Fox ; island, Weller bay, Ameliasburg township, Prince Edward county, Ont. Fox; island, in lake Simcoe, York county, Ont. (Not Snake.) Fox; islands, Gordon bay, N.W.T. (Not West Fox.) Fox; land, S.W. portion of Baffin I., Gordon bay, N.W.T. (Not Foxe nor Luke Fox.) Fox. See Gordon. Foxe. See Fox. Framboise; village, Richmond county, N.S. (Not Frambois.) Franqais. See Francois. Frances; lake and river, southeastern Yukon. Frances Smith; shoal, entrance to Key harb., Georgian bay, Parry Sound dist., Ont. Francis; island, between Grindstone and Wolfe islands, St. Lawrence river, Fronte- nac county, Ont. (Not Hickory.) 25t? — 5 66 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Francis; island, west side of entrance to TJcluelet arm, Barkley sound, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Eound.) Francisco; point, southeast end of Quadra island, Coast district, B.C. Francois; lake, south of Babine lake, Cassiar and Cariboo districts, B.C. (Not Frangais.) Reversal of previous decision. Frank; lake, south of N. T. Ey., northeast of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont Frank ClarJc. See Clark. Franhlin. See Shawanaga. Franktown; post village and railway station, Lanark county. Out. (Not Frankstown.) Fraser; lake, Carlow township, Hastings county, Qnt. (Not Eraser's.) Fraser; lake, H. B. Co. post, and telegraph station, south of Stuart lake. Cariboo dis- trict, B.C. (Not Nalta lake, nor Fort Fraser post and station.) Fraser; point, southerly coast of Digby island, Coast district, B.C. Fraser; reach, northeast of Princess Eoyal island, Coast district, B.C. Fraser; river, central and southern British Columbia. Fraser. See Frazer. Fraserville; town, Temiscouata county, Que. (Not Frazerville.) Frazer; creek and lake, S. of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Fraser.) Frazer; island, Becher bay, southern coast of Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Fraser.) Frazerville. See Fraserville. Frechette; bay, bank, and point, near Misery bay, Manitoulin district, Ont. Frechette ; lake, Desandroins and Montbelliard townships, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Merrill.) Frechette. See Dombourg. Freda. See Freya. Frederick; lake, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Pine Wood.) Frederick; lake, west of Kusawa lake, southwestern Yukon. Frederick; point, east coast of Digby island, Prince Eupert harbour, Coast district, B.C. Frederick; point, Pittsburgh township, Frontenac county, Ont. Freeman's. See Freemen. Freemen; lake, and river tributary to Athabaska river, Alta. (Not Freeman's.) Freestone. See Gregory. Frenchman; bay, Ontario county, Ont. (Not Pickering harbour.) Frenchman; lake, Tp. 64, E. 10, W. 4 M., eastern Alberta. Frenchman; river, in southern Saskatchewan. (Not Wliite Mud.) Freshfield; mount, north of Blaeberry river, Eocky Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Fresno ; creek, tributary to Yukon river, below Dawson, Yukon. Freya; a spur of the Valhalla mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Freda.) Friday; creek, branch of Sulphur creek, Indian river, Yukon. Friday; lake, southwest of Lorrain township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Frigate; mountain, N.E. of Blackwater range of the Eockies, Kootenay district, B.C. Fritz; landins, on east side of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Frobisher; bay, in S.E. portion of Baffin island, N.W.T. (Not Lumly inlet, &c.) Frobisher; post office and railway station, southeastern Sask. (Not Frobyshire.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Prog; lake, and Frog Lake Indian reserve, eastern Alberta. Frostfish ; cove, in N.E. portion St. Margaret bay, Halifax Co., N.S. (Not Frost Fish.) Froude; bay, northeast of McKim bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Fuller; lake, south of Chemainus, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Howe.) G Gabarus; bay, cape, and P.O., Cape Breton Co., N.S. (Not Gabarous nor Gabarduse.) Gaboury; lake, Bauneville and Vilars townships, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Little Roger.) Previous decision revised. Gabriel; island, Frobisher bay, N.W.T. (Not Gabriell.) Gabriel; strait, between Eesolution I. and mainland, N.W.T. (Not Tudjakdjudusirn.) Gabriola; island, passage, and reefs, east of Nanaimo, B.C. Gaetz; cove, east side of llahone bay, Lunenburg county, N.S. Gage. See Ninemile. Gage. See Simcoe. Gainsborough; creek, tributary to Souris R., Manitoba and Sask. (Not North Antler.) Gainsborough; township, Lincoln county, Ont. (Not Gainsboro.) Galbraith; creek, tributaiy to Bull river, Ivootenay district, B.C. (Not West fork of Bull river.) Gale. See Peter. Galena; bay, at north end of Upper Arrow lake, Ivootenay district, B.C. (Not Thumb.) Galena; creek, tributary to Yukon river, below Indian river, Yukon. Galiano; island, and Galiano gallery near Descanso bay, Gabriola island, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. (Not Malaspina's gallery.) Galiano. See Nigei. Galloway; rapids, between Morse and Wainwright basins, southeast of Kaien island, Coast district, B.C. Galloway; settlement, Kent Co., N.B. (Not Galway, New Galway, nor New Galloway.) Gallows; point, south extreme of Protection island, southeast coast Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Execution.) Galop; canal, island, and rapids, St. Lawrence river, Dundas county, Ont. (Not Gal- lop, Gallops, Gallopes, Galoup, nor Galloup.) Gait; creek, flowing into Grand river; Waterloo, Wellington, and Wcntworth counties, Ont. (Not Mill.) Galton; range of mountains, west of Wigwam river, Kootenay district, B.C. * Galway. See Galloway. Gamskagamik ; lake, south of lake Hill, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Painkiller.) Gaotanaga; lake, west of Grand lake Victoria, Timiskaming county. Que. Gap; creek, tributary to Maple creek, southwestern Saskatchewan. (Not Fish.) Garden; island, N.E. of Du Vernet Pt., Digby I., Prince Rupert barb.. Coast dist., B.C. Garden; island, north of Wolfe island, St. Lawrence river, Frontenac county, Ont. Garden Island, lake, north of !^^atchimanitou lake, Pontiac county, Que. Garden; river, tributary to the Saskatchew^an, east of Birson, Sask. (Not Sucker.) Gardner; canal. Devastation channel, Coast district, B.C. (Not Gardiner.) 68 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Garibaldi; hill, west of Pedder bay, "Vancouver island, B.C. (Not North peak.) Garnet; creek, tributary to Dominion creek, Indian river, Yukon. Garnet ; mountain, west of mount Goodsir, Eocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Garrett; island, N.W. Lynedoch I., St. Lawrence E., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Garrett's.) Garry; lake and river, tributary to Delisle E., Glengarry Co., Ont, (Not Black lake.) Garson; lake and river, Alta. and Sask. (Not Swan lake nor Whitefish lake and river.) Garthby; post village, railway station, and township, Wolfe county, Que. (Not Garthby Station P.O.) Gart'liby Station. See Garthby. Gasline ; post office, Welland county, Ont. (Not Gas Line.) Gaspe (Eng.) Gaspe (Fr.) ; bay, cape, county, and town. Que. (Not Gaspa, Gaspee, nor Gaspey.) Gaspereau; lake, -also river tributary to Salmon river, Queens and Sunbury counties, N.B. (Not Gaspereaux.) Gaspereau; river, flowing into baie Verte, Westmorland Co., N.B. (Not Gaspereaux.) Gaspesia; shoal, southeast of Walkhouse point, Manitoulin district, Ont. Gat ; point, on western part of Cove I., at entrance to Georgian bay, Bruce county, Out. Gatacre ; point, south shore of Manitoulin island, ]\ranitoulin district, Ont. Gates; island, west of Howe island, St. Lawrence river, Frontenac county, Ont. Gateway; post village and railway station. Int. boundary, Kootenay district, B.C. Gatineau Point; village, at the mouth of Gatineau river, Ottawa county, Que. Gaudet. See Grindstone. Gaudin; point, Devastation channel, Coast district, B.C. Gauley; bay, northeast of Greenough point, Bruce county, Ont. Gawjewiagwa; lake, east of Anzhekumming lake, Kenora district, Ont. Geikie ; creek and glacier, N, of Dawson glacier, Selkirk Mts,, Kootenay disti'ict, B,C. Geikie ; island, L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont, (Not White's,) Geikie; lake, east of lake Evans, Abitibi territory. Que. Gem; lake, in McGarry township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Genesta ; reef, S. of Maiden L, S. shore of Manitoulin I., Manitoulin district, Ont. Gens-de-terre ; river, tributary to Gatineau river, Ottawa and Pontiac counties. Que. (Not Jean de Terre.) George; bay and cape, Northumberland strait. Antigonish Co., N.S. (Not St. George.) George ; creek, tributary to the south branch of Brazeau river, central Alberta. George; island, Halifax harbour, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Georges nor George's.) George ; lake, Prescott county, Ont, (Not Georges nor Georgian,) George ; river, flowing into Ungava bay, New Quebec. (Not Kangerthialuksoak.) George ; point, at east entrance to Black bay. Thunder Bay district, Ont. George. See Gorge. George. See St. George. Georgia; lake, southeast of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Georgia; rock, at entrance to Prince Eupert harbour. Coast district, B.C. Georgia; strait of, between Vancouver island and the mainland, B.C. (Not Gulf of Georgia.) Georgian; bay, the northeastern portion of lake Huron, Ont. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAlS'ADA 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Greorgina; island, north of Hill island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Catline nor Deer.) Germain; island, E. of Dokis L, entrance to Key harbour. Parry Sound dist., Ont. German Mills; post village, Waterloo county, Ont. (Not German Mill.) Gertrude ; point, Douglas channel, near Kitkiata, Coast district, B £. Ghegheto. See Fishing. Ghost ; island, between J eannette island and the Millar group, North channel. Queen Charlotte sound. Coast district, B.C. (Not Round island.) Ghost; lake, north of Wabigoon lake, Kenora district, Ont. Ghost ; river, tributary to Bow river. Alberta. Ghost. See Spirit. Ghostpine; creek, tributaiy to Bed Deer river. Alberta. (Not Devil's Pine.) Ghostpine; lake, Tp. 36, Bs. 24 and 25, W. 4th M., Alberta. (Not Devil's Pine.) Gibraltar; peak. Adamant range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Gibraltar. See Harvey. Gig; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Gil; island, northwest of Princess Eoyal island, Coast district, B.C. (Not Gill.) Gilbert ; railway station, Kenora district, Ont. Gillies; lake and railway station, southwest of Cobalt, Ont. (Not Mud lake.) Gilphie ; reef, off Pine Tree harbour, Bruce county, Ont. Gimli; a peak of the Valhalla mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Girouard; mount, south of Mt. Inglismaldie, Eocky Mountains park, Alta. Girouard; point, north of Western Duck island and west of Rickley hi.rbour, Mani- toulin district, Ont. (Not East Belanger.) Giroux; island, St. Lawrence river, Soulanges county. Que. (Not Dadancour.) Giroux; lake and post office, southeast of Cobalt, Timiskaming district, Ont. Gizzard; river, tributary to Bell river, Abitibi territory, Que. Glacier; creek, a branch of Gold creek, Yukon. Glacier; lake, near Plowse pass, Rocky movintains. Alberta. Glacier; point, west of Sheringham point, Juan de Fuca strait, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Point-no-Point.) Glacier. See Peyto. Glacier. See Yoho. Glacier Crest; mountain, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Gladman; mount, on Yukon river, near the international boundary, Yukon. Gladsheim; a peak of the Valhalla mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Gladstone; creek, east of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Gladys; lake and river, southwest of Teslin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Sucker lal-ce, nor North river.) Glaises (riviere aux) ; river, flowing into the St. Lawrence, above Pte du Lac, St. Maurice county, Que. (Not Loutres.) Glasgow; island, in North bay, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Glave; mount, near upper waters of Chilkat river, Cassiar district, B 0. Glenallan; village, Wellington county, Ont. (Not Glen Allan.) Glenbrook; post office. Glengarry county, Ont. (Not Glen Brook.) 70 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Glencoe; island, northwest of Strathcona islands, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Glencolin; village, Elgin county, Ont. (Xot Glen Colin.) Glenelbe; post office, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Glen Elbe.) Glengarry; point, also Glengarry Point lightstation, opposite lower end of St. Eegis island. Glengarry county, Ont. (Not Stonebouse.) Glenhnron ; village, Simcoe county, Ont. (Not Glen Huron.) Glenlyon; moumtains and river, Pelly river, Yukon. Glennevis; village, Glengarry county, Ont. (Xot Glen Nevis.) Glenogle ; creek and railway station, Kootenay district, B.C. Glenora; village, on Stikine river, below Telegrapb creek, Cassiar district, B.C. Glenroy; post office and railway station, Glengarry county, Ont. (Not Glen Roy.) Glensutton ; P.O. and Ry. station, Brome Co., Que. (Not Glen Sutton nor Glenton.) Glenwillow; post settlement, Metcalfe Tp., Middlesex Co., Ont. (Not Glen Willow.) Glycerine ; rock, South bay, Manitovdin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Gnat ; creek, tributary to Ivlondike river, Yukon. Gnat; river, at south end of Kootenay lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Goacha. See Maguasha. Goat; range of mountains, east of Spray river, Eocky Mountains park. Alberta. Goat. See Bow. Goat. See Fairview. Goat. See Teresa. Goat Canyon; creek, ""tributary to Caribou creek, Kootenay district, B.C. Goatfell; railway station, Kootenay district, B.C. Gobeil; island, north of Coste island, Kitimat arm. Coast district, B.C. Goble ; post office, Oxford county, Ont. (Not Goble's.) Godbout; river, Saguenay county. Que. (Not Godbret nor Goodbout.) Goderich; town, Huron county, Ont. Godfroy; river and seigniory, Nicolet county, Que. (Not Godfroi, Godefroi, nor Godefroy.) Gods; lake and river, northeast of L. Winnipeg, draining into Hays R., ^fanitoba. God's Mercie; islands of, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. This name was also applied at one time to the island now known as " Middle Savage." Gods Mercy; bay of, Southampton island, Hudson bay, N.W.T. Gold; creek, tributary to Sixtymile river, Yukon. Gold; creek, flowing into Kootenay river, opposite Flagstone, Kootenay district, B.C. Gold; range of mountains, west of Columbia river, B.C. Gold; river, flowing into Columbia river, above Bush river, Kootenay district, B.C. Goldbottom; creek, branch of Hunker creek, a tributaiy to Klondike river, Yukon. Golden; creek, branch of Henderson creek, north of Stewart river, Yukon. Golden; valley, southeast of Pike bay, Bruce county, Ont. Golden Horn; mountain, southwest of Lewes river, Yiikon. Golden Mountain (settlement). See Gowland Mountain. Goldfinch; lake, upper waters of Lievre river, St. Maurice county. Que. Gold-run; creek, tributary to Dominion creek, Indian river, Yukon. Goldsmith; river, tributary to Driftpile river, central Alberta. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Goldstream; lakes and river, emptying into Finlayson arm, Vancouver island, B.C. Goldstream; glacier, mountain, and neve, west of mount Sir Sandford, also river flowing westerly into Columbia river, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay, B.C. Gonzales; hill and point, east of Victoria, B.C. (Not Shotbolts.) Goodhout. See Godbout. Goodsir; mount, also creek, S.E. of Mt. Vaux, Eocky Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Goodwin; creek, flowing east into Teslin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Goodwin; lake, Lorrain township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Goose; cape, below Coudres island, St. Lawrence river, Charlevoix county. Que. French usage: Dies (cap aus), which see. Goose; point, south shore Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Goose. See Granby. Goose. See Grey Goose. Goose. See Primrose. - > Gooseberry. See ilarjorie. Goosehunting; creek, tributary to Carrot river, Sask. (Not Maple river.) Gordon; bay, west of Chorkbak inlet, Hudson strait, N.W.T. (Not Fox.) Gordon ; brook, west of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Gordon; island, N. of Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence K., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Citron.) Gordon ; lake, east of Linklater lake, Kenora district, Ont. Gordon ; lake, Tp. 45, R. 10, W. 3 M., Saskatchewan. Gordon; mount, near Stikine river, south of Telegraph creek, Cassiar district, B.C. Gordon; mount, northwest of mount Balfour, Eocky mountains, Alta. and B.C. Gorge; creek, tributary to Deadman river, Kamloops district, B.C. (Not George.) Gorge; creek, tributary to Sheep river, southern Alberta. Gorman ; lake, Brudenell township, Eenf rew county, Ont. Gothics; group of peaks, Adamant range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay, B.C. Gondron; river, tributary to Kamouraska river, Kamouraska county. Que. Gough; lake, south of Battle river. Alberta. Goulbourn; post office and township, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Goulbourne.) Goulhourne. See St. Helena. Gould Dome; mountain, Eocky Mts., southwestern Alberta. (Not GouhFs Dome.) Gounamitz. See Gunamitz. Gourdeau; island, north of Swede island. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Govan; brook, Bruce harbour, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Gowganda; lake, mining division, and post office, Timiskaming district, Ont. (Not Gow Ganda.) Gowland "^ mtain; post settlement, Albert county, N.B. (Not Golden Mountain.) Grace; fre^ , tributary to Fording river, Kootenay district, B.C. Grace; lake, Dudley township, Haliburton county, Ont. Grace; lake, in Skead township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Graeme. See Pulteney. Graham; creek, tributary to Souris river, southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Graham; creek and inlet, west of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Taku inlet.) Graham; mount, Selkirk range, Kootenay district, B.C. Graham. See Lavigne. 72 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Graisse, riviere a la. See Rigaud. Gramophone; creek, flowing into Bulkley K., above ^' ' '^mi. Coast district, B.C. Grampus. See Mosher. Granby; bay, west of Larcom island, Observatory inlet, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Goose nor Xscbwan.) Granby; point, southern entrance to Granby bay. Observatory inlet, Cassiar, B.C. Grand ; glacier and mountain, S.E. of Purity range, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay dist., B.C. Grand; point and reef, Brule bay, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Brule.) Grand. See Black. Grand See DeSalaberry. Grand. See Dumoine. Grand. See Kelvin. Grand. See Shubenacadie. Grandboro ; post village, Shefford county, Que. (Not Grandborougb.) Grande Anse; bay, Gaspe county, Que. (Not Grand.) Grande-Anse; post village, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not Grand Anse.) Grande Batture. See Leonard. Grande He aux Erahles. See De Beaujeu. Grande-Prairie ; post settlement, central Alberta. Grand-Etang; town, Inverness county, N.S. (Not Grande Etang.) Grand Forks; town and railway junction, on Kettle river, Similkameen district, B.C. Grand Lac du Commissaires. See Thirty-one-mile. Grand Lake Jacques C artier. See Jacques Cartier. Grand lake Victoria; upper waters of Ottawa river, Timiskaming county, Que. Grand Manan; island, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not Menan.) Grand Manan. See North Head. Grand Manitoulin. See Manitoulin. Grand Rustico. See North Rustico. Grand Valley; creek, tributary to Bow river. Alberta. Granger ; mountain, west of Coal lake, southern Yukon. Granite ; creek, flowing into Quiet lal^e, southeastern Yukon. Granite; creek, tributary to Caribou creek, Kootenay district, B.C. Granite Creek; post office, on creek of same name, S.E. of Tulameen, Yale dist., B.C. Granite; lake, west of Smoothrock lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont Granite; point, northwesterly extremity of Quadra island, Coast district, B.C. Granite; river, flowing southwesterly into lake of same name on international bound- ary. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Grant; peak, Hermit range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Grant; point, southwest point of Maitland island, Coast district, B.C. Grant. See Dunn. Grant Corners; village, Glengarry county, Ont. (Not Grant's Corners.) Grantham; shoals, southeast of Todman reef, Manitoulin I., Manitoulin district, Ont. Grant Land. See Ellesmere. Granville; lake, on Churchill river, Manitoba. (Not Grenville.) Grape ; island, Muscote bay, N.E. of Huff I., bay of Quinte, Prince Edward Co., Ont. Grape. See Rose. GEOGRAPEW BOARD OF CANADA 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Grasett; railway station and township, Algoma district, Ont. (Not Grassett.) Grass; river, tributary to Nelson river, Manitoba. Grass. See Kiskitto. Grass. See Rose. Grassberry; river, flowing southerly into Cumberland lake, central Saskatchewan. Grassey's Corners. See Grassie. Grasshopper; mountain, north of Tulameen river, Yale district, B.C. Grassie; village, Lincoln county, Ont. (Not Grassies nor Grassey's Corners.) Grassy; point, in northeastern portion of Sophiasburg Tp., Prince Edward Co., Ont. Grassy. See Bronson. Grassy. See Caldwell. Grassy River (lake). See Stanawan. Gratton Corners; P.O., Prescott Co., Ont. (Not Gratton Corner nor Gratton's Corner.) Grave; creek, tributary to Elk river, below Fording river, Kootenay district, B.C. Grave. See Wapiabi. Gravel ; point, on eastern side of Great Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Gravel ; river, tributary to Mackenzie river, N.W.T. Gravelly. See Ostrander. Gray; an elevation of ground locally known as " Gray island," on west side of Petit- codiac river, Albert county, N.B. (Not Gray's nor Grey.) Gray ; mount, also ridge, north of Bennett lake, Yukon. Gray; strait, at eastern entrance to Hudson strait, New Quebec. Grays; creek, flowing into Crawford bay, Kootenay, B.C. (Not Greys.) Gray Wolf; mountain, north of the Valhalla mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Great. See Hamilton. Great Bear; lake and river, Mackenzie, N.W.T. (Not Bear nor Great Bear Lake river.) Great Bear Sand hills. See Wapawekka. Great Beaver; lake, at headwaters of St. Maurice river, Champlain county, Que. Great Bishop Roggan. See Roggan. Great Black. See Hecla. Great Bras d'Or; channel, northwest of Boularderie island, extending to Barra strait from the Atlantic, Cape Breton and Victoria counties, N.S. Great Bras d'Or lake. See Bras d'Or lake. Great Cataraqui. See Cataraqui. Great Duck; island, the largest of the Duck island group, Manitoulir district, Ont. Great Fish. See Backs. Great Metis. See Metis. Great New. See Long. Great Opeongo. See Opeongo. Great Shemogue. See Shemogue. Great Tiisket. See Tusket. Greece Point; post village, Argenteuil Co., Q. (Not Grseca Point nor Greece's Point.) Green; creek, branch of Sulphur creek, Indian river, Yukon. Green; island, with lightstation thereon, southeast of Madame island, Richmond county, N.S. 74 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Green; lake and river, emptying into west end of Lillooet lake, Lillooet district, B.C. Green; mount, southwest of Ross peak, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Green point, northeast extremity of Sophiasburg township. Prince Edward county, Ont. Green; point, north of Inner Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Gi-een. See Country. Green. See Pearl. Green. See Victoria. Greenan; lake, Jones township, Renfrew county, Ont. (Not Greenan's.) Greenbush; lake, southeast of lake St. Joseph, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Green Cove. See Port Maitland. Greene; island, N.W. of Western Duck I., Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Green's.) Greene Island; harbour, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Greenfield; shoaJi, S. of Turning island, entrance to Georgian bay, Bruce county, Ont. Greenough; bank, harbour, and point, S.E. of Pine Tree harbour, Bruce county, Ont. Green Point; post settlement and railway station, Gloucester county, N.B. Greens; glacier, in the Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Green.) Green's. See Terminal. Greenshields ; lake, on Severn river, Patricia district, Ont. Greenwood Land; at head of Frobisher bay, N.W.T. (Not Greenwood's.) Green Valley. See Verte-Vallee. Gregg; creek and lake, between Athabaska and Baptiste rivers, Alta. (Not Lower White Fish.) Gregory; island, northwest of Doctor island, St. Peters inlet, Richmond county, N.S. (Not Freestone islet.) Grenadier ; island, in St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Bathurst.) Grenville. See Granville. Grey; island, N. of Edward I. and S. of entrance to Black bay. Thunder Bay dist., Ont. Grey. See Gray. Grey Goose; island, opposite mouth of Big river, James bay, Que. (Not Goose.) Greys. See Grays. Gribbell; island, between Ursula channel and Verney passage, Cdast district, B.C. Grice ; point, N.W. extreme of Low peninsula, Clayoquot sound, Vancouver I., B.C. Grifiin; bay, southwest shore Frobisher bay, N.W.T. Griffin; mount, southwest of Griffin lake, Kamloops district, B.C. Grimross; islands, in St. John river. Queens county, N.B. (Not Grimrose.) Grimsthorpe ; lake, Grimsthorpe township, Hastings county, Ont. (Not Wolf.) Grindstone; creek, tributary to Petitcodiac river, above Upper Dover, Westmorland county, N.B. (Not Gaudet.) Grindstone ; island and point, northeast coast of Digby island, Coast district, B.C. Grindstone; lake, Redditt township, Kenora district, Ont. Grindstone ; point, east entrance of Washow bay, lake Winnipeg, Manitoba. Grinnell; glacier, southwest shore of Frobisher bay, N.W.T. Grinnell; peninsula, northwesterly portion of Devon I., N.W.T. (Not Grinnell Land.) Grinnell Land, See Ellesmere. Griswold ; island and shoals, east of Bridge island, St. Lawrence river, Yonge township, Leedfl county, Ont. (Not East Chimney Island shoals.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Grizzly Bear. See .iLandels. Grizzly; bluff, near the mouth of Teslin river, Yukon. (Not Grizzly Bear Bluff.) Grizzly; mountain, in the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. Grog; island, in Batteau channel, N. of Howe I., St. Lawrence R., Frontenac Co., Ont. Groswater. See Melville. Grotto ; mountain, east of Canmore, Rocky ]\Iountains park. Alberta. Grove ; island, northeast of Huff island, bay of Quinte, Prince Edward county, Ont. Grundy; creek, east of Kootenay river, north of Steele, Kootenay district, B.C. Gryphon; lake, southwest of W '' x-. lake. Kenora district, Ont. Guano; rock, southwest of Dead island, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay, Parry Sound district, Ont. Guaquina. See Muchalat. Guard; island, Southgate group. Queen Charlotte sound. Coast district, B.C. Guard. See Gurd. Guardsman; mountain, northeast of Mt. Sir Sanford, Selkirk mountains, B.C. Guide. See De Watteville. ' Gull ; lake, east of Pelly lakes^ Yukon. Gull. See Barbara. Gull. See Cavalier. Gull. See Charwell. Gull. SeeEU-a. Gull. See Kaiashk. Gull. See Mississagua. GuUrook; lake, southeast of Red lake, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Gull Rock.) Gulquac; river, tributary to Tobique river, Victoria county, N.B. Gun; creek and lake, tributary to Bridge river, Lillooet district, B.C. (Not Gunn.) Gun; lake, north of Nahlin river, Cassiar district. B.C. Gunamitz; river, tributary to Restigouche R., N.B . (Not Gounamitz, nor Little Fork.) Gunflint; lake, international boundary, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Gun Flint.) Gunliffe. See Cunliffe. Gunn; point, south of Douglas point, Bruce county, Ont. Gunn. See Gun. Gunter; lake, Cashel township, Hastings county, Ont. (Not Gunter's.) Gurd; island, Kitkatlah inlet. Coast district, B.C. (Not Guard.) Gustavus ; mountains, between Mayo L. and Laduc and McQuesten rivers, Yukon. Guysborough; county and town, N.S. (Not Guysboro.) Gyrfalcon; islands, south coast Ungava bay. New Quebec. Gzowski; lake, north of N. T. R. and east of Robinson L., Thunder Bay district, Ont. H Habel; mount, S.W. of Mt. Collie, Rocky Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Hidden.) 'Habitants See Inhabitants. Hache ; (riviere a la) river, tributary to Tete-Blanche river, Chicoutimi county, Que. Hackett; cove, also Hackett Cove village, east shore of St. Margaret bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Hackett's Cove village, nor Haggert cove.) 76 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Hackett; river, tributary to Sheslay river, Cassiar district, B.C. Haddo; peak of mount Aberdeen, Kocky mountains. Alberta. Haeckel ; hill, near the confluence of Lewes and Taldiini rivers, Yukon. Hagerman; post village, York county, Ont. (Not Hagerman's Corners.) Haggart; creek, tributary to Johnston creek, McQuesten river, Yukon. Haggert. See Hackett. Ha Ha; bay, lake, and river, Chicoutimi Co., Q. (Not Bay Ha Ha, nor Baie des Ha Ha.) Haileybury; town, Timiskaming district, Ont. Hair. See Nechigona. Hair Cutting; lake and river, at headwaters of St. Maurice E., Champlain Co., Que. Halcro; mountain peak, east shore of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Halcyon; mountain and post office, east of Upper Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Halcyon Hot Springs post office.) Haldane; mount, near Mayo brook, Stewart river, Yukon. Hale; creek, near south end of Taku arm of Tagish lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Haliburton; lake, Harbum township, Haliburton county Ont, Hall; brook, harbour, and point, Kings county, N.S. (Not HalFs.) Hall; creek, tributary to west fork of Kettle river, Similkameen district, B.C. Hall; island, southeast of Reid island, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Hall Harbour; post office. Kings county, N.S. (Not Hall's Harbour.) Hall; lake, northwest of Cliff lake, Kenora district, Ont. Hall ; lake and river, W. of Teslin L., Cassiar dist., B.C. and Yukon. (Not North river.) Hall ; mount, west of Upper Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Hall; mount, north of Chemainus river, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Hall's.) Hall; peninsula, in the southeastern portion of Baffin island, N.W.T. Hallett; lake, on trail between Cheslatta and Fraser lakes, Coast district, B.C. Halliday. See Holliday. Hall's. See Kushog. Halsey; point, at the entrance to Douglas channel. Coast district, B.C. Halsted; islet, Shushartie bay, Goletas channel, northerly coast Vancouver I., B.C. Hambly; island, Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Humbly.) Hamilton; island, in Ottawa river, Prescott county, Ont. (Not Great nor Large.) Hamilton; lake, Tp. 35, Rs. 9 and 10, W. 4 M., southeastern Alberta. Hammond; bay, north of Departure bay, southeast coast of Vancouver I., B.C. Hammond ; point, east of Jenkins point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Hammond. See Nelson. Hanalta; lake, Tp. 31, R. 14, W. 4 M., Alberta. (Not Bullpound.) Hanbury; peak, east of mount Vaux, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Hanceville ; post settlement, on Chilcotin river, Lillooet district, B.C. Hancock ; hills, east of lake Laberge, Yukon. Hand; hills, east of Red Deer river, southern Alberta. Hanging Hide See Leather. Hanna; bank, S. of Dokis I., entrance Key harbour, Parry Sound district, Ont. Hannah ; bay, south end of James bay, Timiskaming district, Ont. Hannah Bay (river). See Harricanaw. •GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Hannah; lake, east of South bay, lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Hannah; point, South bay, ITanitoulin district, Ont. Hansen; lake, east of Kootenay river, north of Steele, Kootenay district, B.C. Harbour; lake, west of Blind bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Black Duck Run.) Harbour. See Rawson. Harbour au Bouche. See Havre Bouche. Harbour de Lute. See Loutre. Hardisty; mount, east of Athabaska river, opposite mouth of Whirlpool river, Alta. Hardwood Plains. See Harvrood Plains. Hardy; mountain, northwest of Carson, SimiUvameen district, B.C. Hare; bank, island, passage, and reefs, St. Lawrence river, Temiscouata county, Que. French usage: Lievres (ile aus), which see. Harmer; creek, tributary to Grave creek, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not south fork of Grave creek.) Harmony; river, emptying into Harmony bay, east end of L. Superior, Algoma district, Ont. (Not Chippewa nor Harmonie.) Harmony. See Jones. Harold; mount, on lower part of Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. Harper ; mount, in the Ogilvie range, north of Klondike river, Yukon. Harper Corners; post ofBce, Wentworth county, Ont. (Not Harper's Comers.) Harricanaw; river, emptying into Hannah bay, Timiskamiug, Ont., from Abitibi and Timiskaming, Que. (Not Hannah Bay river.) Harrington; group of islands, north shore gulf of St. Lawrence, St. Vincent town- ship. Saguenay county. Que. Harrington; post office, Oxford county, Ont. (Not Harrington West.) Harrington \Yest. See Harrington. Harris; creek, branch of Ophir creek, Indian river, Yukon. Harris; lake, southwest of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Harris; lake, southwest of Savant lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Harris; point, Lambton county, Ont. (Not Blue.) Harrison; post office, Stormont county, Ont. (Not Harrison's Comers.) Harrison; river, flowing northwesterly into Athabaska lake, near Stone point, Alta. Harrison Corners. (See Harrison.) Harry; lake, Lawrence township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Harry's.) Hart ; mount, near Sixtymile river, southwesterly from Dawson^ Yukon. Hartz; creek, tributary to Tahltan river, Cassiar district, B.C. Harvey; creek, tributary to Flathead river, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Twenty- five Mile creek.) Harvey; island. Brock group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Gibraltar.) Harwood Plains; post office, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Hardwood Plains.) Haskins; creek, tributary to Ottertail river, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Haskin.) Haslam; creek, tributary to Nanaimo river, Vancoaiver island, B.C. Hasler; a peak of mount Dawson, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Hastings; county, also town in Northumberland county, Ont. 78 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Hastings ; lake, in Tp. 51, R. 20, W. 4th M., Alberta. Hatchau; lake, Hackett river, Cassiar district. B.C. (Not Macha.) Hatin; lake, near upper part of Koshin river, Cassiar district, B.C. Hatton; headland, at south end of Resolution island, N.W.T. (Not Cape Best.) Haven; cape, Clements Land, N.W.T. (Not Siggia.) Haven; creek, flowing into the Saskatchewan, below Bighorn river, central Alberta. Havre Bouche; harbour and post village, near northwest entrance to the strait of Canso, Antigonish county, N.S. (Not harbour au Bouche nor Havre Boucher.) Hawk ; lake, also Hawk Lake railway station, Kenora district, Ont. Hawkcliff; lake, west of Eagle lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Hawk Cliff.) Hawkesbury ; island, north of Princess Royal and Gribbell islands, Coast district, B.C. Hawkins; creek, tributary to Moyie river, international boundary, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Meadow nor Ripple.) UawJcroclc. See Keikewabik Hawtrey; town, Oxford county, Ont. (Not Hawtry.) Hay; lal^e, Sabine township, Nipissing district, Ont. Hay. See Dobbs. Hay. See Melville. Hayes; mount, south of Haslam creek Vancouver island, B.C. Hayes; peak and river, west of Tesliu lake. Cassiar district, B.C. Hayes ; river, southeast of Nelson R., Manitoba. (Not Hay's, Hill, Steel, nor Trout.) This name is now applied to the whole river from the source of the Echimamish to Hudson bay. Haygarth; creek, tributary to Ottertail river, Yoho park. Rocky mountains, B.C. Hays; cove, southwest of Ritchie point, Kaien island, Coast district, B.C. Hays ; creek. Prince Rupert, Coast district, B.C. Hays; mount, on Kaien island, east of Prince Rui)ert harbour. Coast district, B.C. (Not Oldfield.) Previous decision revised. Hay's. See Hayes. Hays. See Ritchie. Haystack; mountain, N.E. of Windigo bay, L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Hazel. S«e Aberdeen. Hazelton; town, at confluence of Bulkley and Skeena rivers, Cassiar district, B.C. Head; mount, Highwood range, southern Alberta. Headingley; parish and post village, Man. (Not Headingly.) Head of Jordan River. See Jordan river. Head of St. Peter's Bay. See St. Peter. Healy; lake, south of Kusawa lake, Yukon. Heart; creek, east of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Heart; lake, east of L. LaBiche, central Alberta. Heart; mountains, east of Sheslay river, Cassiar district, B.C. Heathcote; lake, northwest of Barrington lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Hebden; brook, flowing into Dinorwic lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Hebden's.) Hebecourt; lake, Hebecourt township, Timiskaming county. Que. Hebert; lake, Dufay to-miship, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Fish.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAXADA 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Hehert. See Bear, Hecate; channel, connecting Esperanza inlet -u-ith Tahsis canal, Vancouver I., B.C. Hecate ; strait, between Queen Charlotte islands and the mainland, Coast district, B.C. Hecate. See Kaymond. Hecla; island, in lake "Winnipeg, Man. (Not Big, Big Black, nor Great Black.) Hector; island, north shore of Hudson strait, N."W,T, (Not Khartum.) Hector; lake, west of Manitou lake, Kenora -district, Ont, (Not Large Trout,) Hector; mount, also lake, southern Alberta. (Not Bow lake nor Lower Bow lake.) Hector; railway station, Kootenay district, B,C. Heiglit-of -land ; lake, northeast of Mattagami lake, Abitibi territory. Que, Heimdal; a spur of the Valhalla mountains, Ivootenay district, B.C. Hela; a peak of the Valhalla mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Helen ; lake, at headwaters of Bow river, Alberta. Helen; lake, north of Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Helen; point, Douglas channel, near Kitkiata, Coast district, B.C. Helena. See Kinney. Helmet; mountain, southeast of mount Goodsir, Eoclcy Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Hemlock. See Mackay. Heru. See North Fowl. Henderson; creek, tributary to Yukon rivor. In-low Stewart river, Yukon, Henderson; harbour, south of Crooks inlet, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Henderson; lake, north of TJchucklesit harbour, Barkley sound, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Anderson.) Hendon; river, tributary to Kusawa river, Cassiar district ,B.C. and Yukon. Hennigar; brook and post village, Hants county, N.S. (Not Weir or Hennigar brook, Joshua Hennigar brook, nor Northfield village.) Henning; mount, at headwaters of Coquihalla river, Yale district, B.C. Henrietta ; creek, tributary to Last-chance creek, a branch of Hunker creek, Yukon. Henry Corners; village, Lambton county. Out. (Not Heni-y's Corners.) Henry; island, soutlWest of Port Hood, Liverness county, N.S. (Not Outer island. Outer island of Port Hood, nor W. D. Smith's island.) Henry ; point, Pittsburgh township, Frontenac county. Out. Hensley; bay, south shore of Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Herb. See Wekusko. Herbert Corners; post office, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Herbert's Corners.) Hermit; glacier, mountain, and range of mountains, in the Selkirks, B.C. Heron. See Mirond. Herschell; island, W. of Cockburn I. and N.E. of Kitchener I., Manitoulin dis., Ont. Hess; river, tributary to Stewart river, Yukon. Hester; creek, branch of Hunker creek, Yukon. Hewson. See Hughson. Hibben; island, between Inskip and Moore channels, Moresby island. Queen Charlotte group. Coast district, B.C. (Not Kuper.) Hihoux. See Ciboux. 80 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Hickey; island, between Collier and Stave islands, Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Smoke.) Hickory. See Francis. Hidden. See Habel. High. See Emma. High. See Highwood. High Bluif ; parish and village, on Assiniboine river, Manitoba. High Fall; creek, tributary to Koksoak river. New Quebec. Highpound. See Buffalo Pound. Highstone; lake, north of Stranger lake, Kenora district, Ont. Highview; post office, south of Broadview, Sask. (Not High View.) High Water. See Piche. Highwood; range of mountains, southern Alberta. Highwood; river, tributary to Bow river, Alberta. (Not High.) Hilda; a peak of the Valkyr mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Hill; cove, northeast of Prince Rupert, Coast district, B.C. Hill; island, S.W. of Eockport, St. Lawrence R., Leeds county, Ont. (Not Leroux.) Hill; island, at entrance to Russell arm, Prince Rupert harbour, Coast district, B.C. Hill; lake, northeast of Kakagi lake, Kenora district, Ont. Hill; lake, on Minago river, Manitoba. Hill. See Hayes. Hillfarm; post office, north of Wolseley, Sask. (Not Hill Farm.) Hillhead; village, Argenteuil county, Que. (Not Hill Head.) Hilton; village, St. Joseph island, Algoma district, Ont. (Not Marksville.) Hinchinbrook ; township, Huntingdon county. Que. (Not Hinchinbrooke.) Hinckley. See Carpenter. Hinton; mount, Gustavus group, Yukon. Hippa; island, W. of Graham I., Queen Charlotte Is., Coast dist., B.C. (Not Nesto.) Hitchcock; creek, flowing east into Teslin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Hobson; island, in Mahone bay, Lunenburg county, N.S. (Not Hobson's Nose.) Hockstall. See Ecstall. Hoder; creek, tributary to Little Slocan river, Kootenay district, B.C. Hodgins, lake, south of L. Seul, Kenora district, Ont. Hodnett ; mount, northwest of the " big bend " of Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Hoffman; mount, on south branch of Sheep river, southern Alberta. Hog. See Camelot. Hog. See McDonald. Hog. See O'Neil. Hogarth. See Cumberland Hogg; creek, tributary to Moyie river, Kootenay district, B.C. Hoggan; lake, near Dodd narrows, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Holden; lake, east of Nanaimo river, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Trois Bras.) Hole. See Wanipigow. Holland; bank, Ladysmith harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Holland. See Cascumpeque. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD JF CA.XADA 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Holliday; point, Wolfe island, Frontenac county, Ont. (Xot Halliday nor Levi.) Holmes. See Home. Holway; mount, south-west of Sorcerer mountain, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay dist., B.C. Homalko. See Homathko. < Homan; river, discharging into Bennett lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Homathko; river, flowing into Bute inlet. Coast district, B.C. (Not Homalko.) Home; bay, in N. end of Princess Eoyal I., Coast district, B.C. (Not Holmes.) Home; island, Coronation gulf, N.W.T. (Not Sir E. Home's.) Hoodoo ; valley, near Leanchoil, Kootenay district, B.C. Hooker; pass, at the head of St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Hoole ; canyon and river, upper part of Pelly river, Yukon. Hooper; island, off the southeast side of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Hooper's.) Hoople; creek, flowing into the St. Lawrence, at Dickinson Landing, Stormont county, Ont. (Not Hoople's, Hoopole, nor Hoopple.) Hootalinqua. See Teslin. Hopes Advance; bay, west coast of Ungava bay. New Quebec. Hopes Advance; cape, south shore of Hudson strait. New Quebec. (Not Cape of Hopes Advance nor Prince Henry Foreland.) Hopewell Corner. See Albert. Hopkins; bay and point, east of Baptist island, Bruce county, Ont. Hopkins; lake, southeast of Aishihik lake, Yukon. Hopkins; point, Devastation channel. Coast district, B.C. Horn; cape, on the east side of Upper Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Horn. See Beatrice. Horse; creek, tributary to Bow river, Alberta. Horse ; point, in eastern part of Ameliasburg township. Prince Edward county, Ont. Horsehead; creek, flowing northerly to Makwa R., central Sask. (Not Horse Head.) Horseshoe; bay, west side of Great Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Horseshoe ; glacier, south of mount Lef roy, Alberta. Horseshoe; island, west of Wolf island, Frontenac county, Ont. (Not Horse Shoe.) Horse Shoe. See Chemainus. Horsfall; island, between Campbell and Dufferin islands, Coast district, B.C. Horswell; bluff and channel, S.E. coast of Vancouver I., B.C. (Not Inner channel.) Horton; creek, tributary to Pelly river, between Hoole and Ketza rivers, Yukon. Horton; point, north of Kincardine, Bruce county, Ont. Hosier; river, flowing into St. Margaret bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Osier.) Hosmer; mountain ridge, between Elk river and Michel creek, east of Hosmer, Kootenay district, B.C. Hospital ; creek, flowing into Columbia river, below Golden, Kootenay district, B.C. Hotailuh; mountains, between Stikine and Tanzilla rivers, Cassiar district, B.C. Houghton; lake, southwest of Kashaweogama lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Houghton; lake, in Tps. 39 and 40, R. 22, W. 2 M., Sask. (Not Dirtywater.) Houghton. See Muskiki. Hourglass; lake, west of Hodgins lake, Kerwra district, Ont. 82 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 House ; mountain, between Driftpile and Inverness rivers, S. of Lesser Slave L., Alta. House. See Howse. Ilousten. See Hughson, Houston. See Houstoun. Houstoun; passage, betweeen Admiral, Kuper and Narrow islands, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. (Not Houston.) Howe; island, St. Lawrence river, Frontenac county, Ont. Howe. See Fuller. Howell; creek, tributary to Flathead river, Kootenay district, B.C. Howse; pass and peak, Eocky mountains, Alta. and B.C. (Not House.) Hoivser. See Duncan. Hozameen; range of mountains, east of Skagit river, near international boundary, Yale district, B.C. (Not Hozamen, Hozomen nor Hozomeen.) Hubbards; village, Halifax Co., N.S. (Not Hubbards Cove.) Previous decision revised. Huber; mount, near mount Victoria, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Hubert; railway station, north shore of Skeena river, Coast district, B.C. Hubley; cove, St. Margaret bay, also lake and Ey. sta., Halifax Co., N.S. (Not Hubly.) Huhly. See Hubley. HucJcleherry. See Mile. HucTcstall. See Ecstall. Hudson; bay, Ontario, Quebec, Manitoba, and N.W.T. (Not Hudson's.) Hudson Bay; mountains, west of Bulkley river, and south of Moricetown, Coast district, B.C. Hudson ; island, south of Thetis island, Stuart channel. S.E. coast of Vancouver I.. B.C. Hudson; strait, between Baffin island, N.W.T. and New Quebec. Huff; island, in Muscote bay, bay of Quinte, Prince Edward Co., Ont. (Not Huffs.) Hugh; mount, east of lake Evans, Abitibi territory. Que. Hughes ; brook, Barritt bay, Wabigoon L., Kenora district, Ont. (Not Hughes creek.) Hughes; range of mountains, east of Kootenay river, Kootenay district, B.C. Hughson; bay, east of Providence bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Hewson, Housten, nor Husten.) Humber; bay, railway station, river, and village, also Humber Bay post office and summer resort, York county, Ont. (Not Clairville village.) Humbly. See Hambly. Humboldt; bay, east shore of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Humboldt ; electoral district, post office, and railway station, Sask, (Not Humbolt.) Hungabee ; glacier and mountain. Bow range, Alta. and Kootenay district, B.C. Hungerford; point, on the southern portion of Manitoulin island, Ont. Hungry ; bay, northeast side of Big bay, bay of Quinte, Ont. Hungry; peak, at head of St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Hunker ; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. , Huns Valley; village, Macdonald electoral district, Man. (Not Hun's Valley.) Hunter; island, near Int. bdy., Rainy R. district, Ont. (Not Hunter's nor Hunters.) Hunter; mount, north of Palliser station, Kootenay district, B.C. Hunters; range of mountains, south of Eagle river, Kamloops district, B.C. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Huntingdon; post settlement, international boundary, New Westminster district, B.(J. Huntress; reef, southwest of Johnston point, Bruce county, Out. Hurd; cape, west extreme of Bruce Co., Ont. Cape Hurd channel is west of the cape. Hurd; mount, also pass, in the Ottertail range of the Eockies, Kootenay district, B.C. Hurdman; post office, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Hurdman's Bridge.) Hurdman's Bridge. See Hurdman. Huron ; river, flowing into Chambly basin, Richelieu river, Eouville county, Que. (Not ^larieville creek.) Authorized French form: rivieres des Hurons. Hurricane ; river, tributary to Nakina river, Cassiar district, B.C. Husten. See Hughson. Hutchison; creek, flowing from Bowden lake to "Wabigoon river, Kenora district, Ont. Hutchison; creek, flowing into east side of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay distrist, B.C. Tlutcliison. See Hutchinson. Hutshi ; lakes, west of lake Laberge, Yukon. Hutsliiku; bluff, on Lewes river, below Rink rapid, Yukon. Hutsigola; lake, south of Teslin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Hutsigula.) Euxstall. See Ecstall Hyland ; hill, east of Hutsigola lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Hyndman; bay, at southwest end of Cockburn island, Manitoulin-district, Ont. (Not Sand.) Icarus; point, Nanoose harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Ice ; portage, on the lower part of Nottaway river, below Kitchigama river, Abitibi, Q. Ice ; river, tributary to Beaverfoot river, Kootenay district, B.C. Ice-cap; mountain, near lower Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Ice-capped.) Icelandic ; river, emptying into lake Winnipeg, Man. (Not Icelanders.) Ichimanicuagon. See Ishimanikuagan. Iconoclast; mountain, Selkirk range; Kootenay district, B.C. Icy; cove, east of North bay, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Ida; mount, south of Salmon arm of Shuswap lake, Kamloops district, B.C. Ikeda; bay, southeast of Skincuttle inlet entrance, southeast coast of Moresby island. Queen Charlotte group, Coast district, B.C. Jle aux Moris. See Lark. He-aux-Noix; post office, St. John county. Que. (Not Isle aux Noix.) Ile-Bizard; post office, on island of same name, St. Lawrence river, Jacques Cartier county. Que. (Not Isle Bizard.) Ile-Perrot; post office, Vaudreuil couiaty. Que. (Not Isle Perrot.) Ulecillewaet ; glacier, mining division, river, and town, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Illecilliwaet, Hlicillewaet, nor Illieilliwaet.) Hies; brook, emptying into Frances lake, Yukon. (Not Il-es-too-a.) Imperieuse; rock, Nanoose harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Incomappleux; river, flowing into Upper Arrow L., Kootenay dist., B.C. (Not Fish.) Independence; creek, tributary, to Stewart river, Yukon. Indian; brook, flowing into St. Ann bay, Victoria county, N.S. 25rf— 64 84 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Indian; harbour, point, and reef, south of Fitzwilliam island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Indian; island, northeast of Murray canal entrance to the bay of Quinte, Prince Ed- ward county, Ont. Indian; river, tributary to Yukon river, south of Klondike river, Yukon. Indian. See Dares. Indian. See Longspell. Indian. See Pleasant. Indian. See Southern Indian. Indian Pear Island lake. See Saskeram. Ingall; island, S. of Whitney Pt., St. Lawrence E., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Shoemaker.) Ingall; lake, southwest of Wabigoon lake, Kenora district, B.C. Inganisli. See Ingonish. Ingersoll; mount, west of Columbia river, Kootenay district, B.C. Inglewood; post office and railway station, Peel county, Ont. (Not Inglewood Junction.) Inglismaldie ; mount, south of Minnewanka lake, Eocl^y mountains, Alberta. Ingonish; bay, river, and town, Victoria county, N.S. (Not Liganish nor Niganishe.) Ingraham. See Louis. Ingram; mount, north of Kusawa lake, Yukon. Inhabitants; river, Eichmond county, N.S. (Not Habitants.) Inklin; river, tributary to Taku river, Cassiar district, B.C. Inkster; rock, at South Baymouth, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Inlin; brook, tributary to lower Gravel river, N.W.T. Innarulligang. See East BlufE. Inner. See Horswell. Inner Duck; island, northeastern island of Duck T. group, Manitoulin district, Ont. Inonoaklin; creek, west of Lower Arrow L., Koutcniiy district, B.C. (Not Sanderson.) Insulated. See Isolated. Inuksliiligalnk ; point, south coast Ungava bay. New Quebec. (Not Big Eock.) Innkshuktuyuk ; point, south coast of Ungava bay. New Quebec. (Not Beacon.) Inverhuron; bay and village, Bruce county, Ont. Invermere; townsite, south of Windermere, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Canter- bury.) Inverness; passage, between Porpoise harbour and Skeena E., B.C. (Not N. Skeena.) Inverness; river, tributary to Swan river, south of Lesser Slave lake, central Alberta, losegun; lake and river, tributary to Little Smoky river, Alta. (Not Attim Segoun nor lo-se-gun.) Ipperwash. See Kettle. Ireland; township, Megantic county, Quebec. Irishman; creek, tributary to Moyie river, Kootenay district, B.C. Iron; creek, tributary to Battle river, eastern Alberta. Iron;creek, tributary to Bull river, Kootenay district, B.C. Iron; lake, west of Crooked lake, international boundary, Eainy river district, Ont. Iroquois; lake, Tp. 48, Es. 7 and 8, W. 3 M., Sask. Irving; bay. Crooks inlet, Hudson strait, N.W.T. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Irving; post settlement, Albert county, jST.B. (Not Baltimore.) Isaac Harbour; town, Guysborongh county, N.S. (Not Isaac's Harbour.) Isabella; lake, nortlieast of Peyto lake. Alberta. Isabemagussi. See Magnsi. Iserhojff; river, emptying into Waswanipi lake, Abitibi territory. Que. Ishimanikuagan ; lake, Saguenay Co. ,Q. (Not Icbimanicuagan nor Isbimanicougaa.) Isl-ut. See Kinaskan. Iskwatikan; lake, north of lake LaEonge, central Saskatchewan. Island; lake, northeast of L. Winnipeg, and draining into Hayes river, Manitoba. Island. See Ashby,' Island. See Dasserat. Island. See Trade. Island lake. See Isle lake. Island Portage (lake). See Pine. Islands; lake of, southeast of Abitibi lake, Timiskaming county. Que. Isle; lake, west of St. Ann, Alberta. (Not Island lake.) Isle Bizard. See De-Bizard. Isle de Bois. See Morris. Isle of coves. See Cove. Isles aux Peches. See Peach island. Islet; point, southwesterly extremity of Sonora island, Coast district, B.C. Isnor. See Eisner. Isolated; peak, at head of Yoho valley. Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Insulated nor Lonely.) Ithenotosqnan. See Elbow. Itsi; lakes, on Eoss river, also mountains between Macmillan and Eoss rivers, Yukon. Ittimenotok ; cape, east shore of Ungava bay. New Quebec. Ivan; point, Manitoulin island, east of Burnt island, Manitoulin district. Out. J Jack; lake, Burleigh township, Peterborough county, Ont. (Not Jack's.) Jack; point. S. entrance to Nanaimo, Vancouver I., B.C. (Not Jack's nor Sharp.) Jackhead; island, lake, and river, north of Fisher bay, lake Winnipeg, Man. (Not Jack-Head.) Jackman. See Pritzler. Jackson; creek, tributary to Souris river, southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Jackson; mount, south of Tulameen, Yale district, B.C. Jackson. See Eobertson. Jackstraw; island, west of Gordon island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Jackstraw ; lighthouse and shoal, St. Lawrence river, west of Gananoque, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Jack Straw.) Jacob; creek, tributary to Bow river, Alberta. Jacob; island, at entrance to Eupert bay, James bay, Que. (Not Wood.) Jacob; lake, Caire township, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Fish.) Jacques-Cartier; lake and river, Montmorency county. Que. (Not Grand Lake Jacques Cartier.) 86 LEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 James; cape, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. James; island and reef, between Fitzwilliam and Yeo islands, Georgian bay, Manitoulin district, Ont. James; river, tributary to Eed Deer river, southern Alberta. James Ross. See Ross. Jamieson; lake, Dungannon township, Hastings county, Ont. (Not Jamieson's). Jamiesons. See Egan. Janet ; lake, between Stewart river and Mayo brook, Yukon. Jansen* lake and post office, west of the Quill lakes, southern Saskatchewan. Janvrin; island, and Janvrin Harbour P.O., Richmond Co., N.S. (Not Jauvrin's.) Jarenx. See Jureux. Jarvis; bay, island, point, river, and rock. Thunder Bay dist., Ont. (Not Turtle Pt.) Jarvis; lake, between Athabaska and Baptiste rivers, Alta. (Not Upper White Fish.) Jauvrin's. See Janvrin. Jay. lake, Pettypiece township, Kenora district, Ont. Jean; lake, southeast of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Jean de Terre. See Gens-de-Terre. Jeannette ; creek, post office, and railway station, Kent county, Ont. (Not Jeannette's creek nor Jeannette's Creek P.O.) Jean-Noel; river, flowing into the St. Lawrence, at St. Irenee, Charlevoix Co., Q. Jean-Pierre; bay and point, southwest of Sturgeon bay, north shore of L. Superior, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Jeffrey; mount, west of Saanich inlet, Vancouver island, B.C. Jenkins ; point, east of Providence bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Jennie Graham ; the most southerly shoal off Great Duck I., Manitoulin district, Ont. Jennings; river, emptying into Teslin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Pifteenmile.) Jensen; creek, tributary to Dominion creek, Indian river, Yukon, Jesse; island, entrance to Departure bay, southeast coast of Vance uver island, B.C. Jessie; lake, Purdom township, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Jesup Land. See Ellesmere. Jim; creek, tributary to Yukon river, below Indian river, Yukon. Joan; point, near Dodd narrows, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Joassa; channel, between Dufferin and HorsfaU islands, €oast district, B.C. - Jocelyn ; hill, east side of Finlayson arm, Vancouver island, B.C. Joekvale; post office, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Jock Vale.) Joel; river, tributary to lOondike river, Yukon. Joggins; village, Cumberland county, N.S. (Not Joggin Mines, South Joggins, nor South Joggings.) John; lalve, northeast of Silver lake, Kenora district, Ont. John ; lake, below Itsi lakes, Ross river, Yukon. John; river, also River John post office, Pictou county, N.S. Johnny. See Johnson. Johnson; bay, north shore of Howe island, Frontenac Co., Ont, (Not Johnston.) Johnson ; lake, Havelock township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Johnson's.) Johnson ; lake and railway station, southeast of Latchf ord, Timiskaming district, Out (Not Johnny lake nor. Johnston station.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Johnson ; range of mountains, between Atlin L. and O'Donnel E., Cassiar district, B.C. Johnston Corners; post office, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Johnston's Comers nor Johnstone's Corners.) Johnston; creek, tributary to McQuesten river, Yukon. Johnston; creek, west of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Johnston; harbour and point, southeast of Porcupine point, Bruce county, Ont. Johnston; lake, southern Saskatchewan. Jojo; lake, north of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Jolicoeur; village, Westmorland county, N.B. (Not Jolicure.) Joli Head; headland. Queens county, N.S. (Not Jolie Head.) Jonas; creek, flowing northwesterly into Sunwapta river, also pass at the head oi the creek, western Alberta. Jones; creek, flowing toBatchawana bay, L. Superior, Ont. (Not Harmony river.) Jones; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Jones ; shoal, S. of Labrador reef and S.W. from Belanger point, Manitoulin dist., Ont. Jonquiere; railway station, township, and village, Chicoutimi county, Que. (Not Jouquieres.) Jordan Harbour; post office, Lincoln county, Ont. (Not Jordan Harbor.) Jordan; lalce and river, Hastings county, Ont. Jordan; river, flowing into Frobisher bay, N.W.T. Jordan; river, tributary to Columbia river, near Eevelstoke, Kootenay district, B.C. Jordan; river, flowing into Juan de Fuca strait, Vancouver island, B.C. Jordan River; village, Shelburne county, N.S. (Not Head of Jordan River.) Jorkins; point, southeast entrance to' Finlayson channel, B.C. (Not Dawkins.) Joseph; creek, tributary to St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Joshua Hennigar. See Hennigar. Joss; mountain, northeast of ^fabel lake, Kaniloops district, B.C. Joubert; island, south of Cascade point, Soulanges county, Que. (Not Round.) Joy. bay, south shore of Hudson strait, New Quebec. Joy; mountain, between Hess and Lansing rivers, Yukon. Jubilee; island, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Jubilee; mountain, near north end of Atlin lake, Yukon. Julian; point, east of Chorbak inlet, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Julien; islet, on Kamouraska mud flats, Kamouraska county. Que, Jumping; lake, east of the Birch hills, central Saskatchewan. Jumping Deer; creek, tributary to Qu'Appelle river, Sask. (Not Jumpingdeer.) Jumpingpound ; creek, tributary to Bow river. Alberta. (Not Jumping Pond.) Junction ; mountain, on south branch of Sheep river, southern Alberta. Junnusuksoak; inlet, east shore of Ungava bay. New Quebec. Juno ; point, south of Pine Tree harbour, Bruce county, Ont. Jupiter; river, south side of Anticosti I., Saguenay county, Que. (Not Observation.) Jupiter. See Shallop. Jureux; point, also river flowing into the St. Lawrence below Goose cape, Charlevoix county, Que. (Not Jareux.) 88 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 K Kabagukski; lake, soutli of Sasakwei lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Mud.) Kabakwa; lake, Stanhope township, Haliburton Co., Ont. (Not Kab-bah-bah-quah.) Kabania; lake, west of Attawapiskat lake, Patricia district, Ont. Kabikwabik; lake, south of Minnitaki lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Kapikwabikok.) Kabistachuan; bay, in southern portion of Mistassini lake, Q. (Not Cabistacbuan.) Kabitotikwia ; lake and river, draining into Kaiasbk bay, L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Kabitotiquia.) Kahitotiquia. See Kabitotikwia, Kabitustigweiak. See Butler. Kabona; lake, south of Matchimanito lake, Pontiac county. Que. Kagianagami ; lake, north of Ogoki river, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Kag-isli-a-bog-a-mog. See Kasshabog. Kag^wiosa. lake, east of Dinorwic lake, Kenora district, Ont. Kaha; creek, tributary to Koshin river, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Kahak.) Kah-hah-hah-quah. See Kabakwa. Kah-mini-ti-gwa-quiack. See Bluffy. Kah-shah-gah-wig-e-mog. See Kasbagawi. Kahtate; river, tributary to lower part of Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. Kahuch. See Katonche. Kah-wah-she-he-mah-gog. See Kushog. Kahwarnbejewagamog. See Kawagama. Kaiashk ; bay and river, W. shore of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay dist., Ont. (Not Gull.) Kaiashkomin ; lake, north of Wabigoon lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Bad Rice.) Kaien; island, Prince Rui)ert harbour, Coast district, B.C. (Not Kai-en.) Kaiete; point, at east entrance to Lama passage. Coast district, B.C. (Not Calete, Ki-ette, nor Kyeet.) Kaijick Mamtou. See Baptiste. Kaikaqudbick. See Reception. Kains. See Cain. Kaishh. See Evain. Ka-its-siks. See Kasiks. Kajakanikamak. See Dufrcsnoy. Kajoualwang. See Najwalwank. Kakabonga; lake and river, east of Grand lake Victoria, Pontiac county, Que. (Not Kakebonka.) Kakagi ; lake, E. of Sabaskong bay, L. of the Woods, Kenora dist., Ont. (Not Crow.) Kakameonan. See Bellefeuille. Kakashe; river, tributary to Kapitachuan river, Montcalm county. Qua Kakehonka. See Kakabonga. Kaketsa; mountain, soutb of Egnell, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Koketsa.) Kakinagimak ; lake, south of Churchill river and east of Pelican narrows, Sask. (Not Kakinokumak.) Kakinnozhans ; lake, near IVIanitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Kakinokamak. See Lemoine. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAXADA 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Kahinohumak. See Ivakinagimak. KaJcinookama. See Margaret. Kahishsagamak. See Yentadour. Ka-lcQot. See Kakut. Kakuchuya; river, tributary to Dudidontu river, Cassiar district, B.C. Kakut ; lake and river, in the Birch hills, south of Dunvegan, Alta. (Not Ka-koot.) Ka-lih-tooh-duag. See Crooks. Kalzas; lake, between Macmillan and Stewart rivers, Yukon. Kama; bay and Ey. station, Nipigon bay. Thunder Bay dist., Ont. (Not Mazokama.) Kamachigama ; lake, and river tributary to the Upper Ottawa, Montcalm county, Que. Kamamintigongue. See Lescarbot. Kamanatogama ; lake, southeast of Boyer lake, Kenora district, Ont. Kamaniskeg; lake, Bangor township, Hastings county, Ont. Kamatsi ; lake, on Churchill river, east of Reindeer river, central Saskatchewan. Kamililamac. See Biart. Kaministikwia; river and railway station. Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Kamin- istiquia.) Kaminnassin ; lake, south of Dinorwic lake, Kenora district, Ont. Kaminnaweiskagwok. See Minnaweiskag. Kaminiii ; lake, N.W. of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Kaminneseipekok.) Kamitsgamak; lake, on Ribbon river, upper St. Maurice river, Champlain county, Que. Kamong'Tis; lake, near Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Canoe.) Kamoukakwiti. See Piche. Kamouraska; bay, county, group of islands, river, and village. Que. Kampigllkakatoka; river, tributary to Migiskan river, Poutiac county. Que. Kamshig'ama ; lake and river, north of Shabogama lake, Abitibi territory. Que. Kananaskis; lakes and river, tributary to Bow river, post office, railway station, and range of mountains, Alta., also pass, Alta and B.C. Kanasuta; river, flowing from Dasserat lake to Duparquet lake, Timiskaming, Que Kangerflung. See Newell. Kang ertliialuksoak. See George.. Kaniapiskail ; river, tributary to Koksoak river. New Quebec. (Not Wauguash.) Kaniapiskau. See Keniapiskau. Kanikawinika ; lake, upper Ottawa river, east of Grand lake Yictoria, Pontiac county, Que. (Not Kaniquonika nor Kanequaneka.) Kanimitti; river, flowing into Shoshokwan river a tributary of the upper Ottawa, Pontiac county, Que. (Not Kanimittikoslil^wa.) Kanish; bay, S. of Granite point. Quadra island. Coast district, B.C. (Not Cahnish.) Kanotaikaii ; lake, at headwaters of Rupert river, IMistassini territory. Que. Kanuchuan; river, tributary to upper Attawapiskat river, Patricia district, Ont Kanus; river, trib. to St. Croix R., Charlotte Co., N.B. (Not Canons nor Canouse.V Kanusio ; lake, and river tributary to Kekek river, Pontiac C(5unty, Que. Kaopskikamak ; lake and river, southeast of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Kaoskauta; lake, N.W. of Manitou L., Kenora district, Ont. (Not Kaoskowtakok.) Kapemitchigama ; lake, at the sources of Ottawa river, Joliette county, Que. (Not Kapemechigama.) 90 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Kapesakosi ; lake, west of Manitou lake, Kenora district. (Not Kapesal^osikok.) Kapikik; lake, S. of Cat L., Patricia, Ont. (Not Pine channel nor Wapikik lake.) Kapikitegoitch ; lake, headwaters of Ashuapmuchuan river, Chicoutimi covmty. Que. Kapikwahikoh. See Kabikwabik. Kapiskau; river, N. of Albany E., Patricia, Ont. (Not Ka-pis-cow nor Kaypiscow.) Kapitachuan ; lake, and river tributary to the upper Ottawa river, Berthier, Joliette. Maskinonge, Montcalm and Pontiac counties. Que. (Not Kapitashewirma nor Kapitajewin.) Kapitagama; lake, southeast of Abitibi lake, Timiskaming county. Que. Kapitajewan. See Kapitachuan. Kapitashewinna. See Kapitachuan. Kapitswe ; lake, at headwaters of St. Maurice river, Champlain county, Que. Kapkichi; lake, north of L. St. Joseph, Patricia district, Ont. Kaposvar; creek, tributary to Qu'Appelle river, Sask. (Not Little Cutarm.) Earmutsen. See Nimpkish. Kasagiminnis ; lake, north of L. St. Joseph, Patricia district, Ont. Kasakadieiueiwak. See Uphill. Kashagawi ; lake, Stanhope Tp., Haliburton Co., Ont. (Not Kah-shah-gah-wig-e-mog.) Kashagawigamog ; lake, Dysart and Minden townships, Haliburton county, Ont Kashaweogama ; lake, southwest of Savant lake, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Kasiks; railway sta., also river tributary to Skeena K., B.C. (Not Ka-its-siks.) Kaskawulsh; river, tributary to Alsek river, southwestern Yukon (Not O'Connor.) Kasshahog; lake, Methuen Tp., Peterborough Co., Ont. (Not Kag-ish-a-bog-a-mog.) Kate ; point, at upper end of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Katepwe; lake, an expansion of Qu'Appelle river, the eastern in the chain of the " Fishing lakes " — which see ; also village, Sask. Kates Needle ; mountain, near Stikine E,., opp. Porcupine creek, Cassiar district, B.C. Kathawachaga ; lake, south of Coronation -gulf, N.W.T. (Not Cathawhachaga.) Katharine ; lake, at headwaters of Bow river, Eoclry mountains. Alberta. Katherine ; lake, on Lady Evelyn river, below Grays river, Sudbury disitrict, Ont. Kathlyn; lake, at east base of Hudson bay mountains, south of Moricetown, Coast district, B.C. (Not Chickens.) Katina; creek, tributary to Silver Salmon river, Cassiar district, B.C. Katonche; lake, east of Grand lake Victoria, Pontiac county, Que. (Not Kahuch.) Katrina; creek, tributary to White river, Yukon. Kattaktok; cape, east shore Ungava bay. New Quebec. Katutok. See Charles. Kauffman. See Kiwetinok. Kawagama; lake, Sherborne Tp., Haliburton Co., Ont. (Not Kahwambejewagamog.) Katvakashkagama. See Kawashkagama. Kawasachuan ; lake and river, near Grand L. Victoria, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Kawasajewan nor Kawassajewan.) Kawasgisguecf^t. See Kawaskisigat. Kawashegamuk ; lake, southeast of Dinorwic lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Long.) Kawasheibeinag<\gamak. See Washeibemaga. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 91 SESSIONAL PAPER N'o. 25d Kawashkagama; lake and river, north of Long lake, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Kawakashlcagama.) Kawaskisigat ; lake, headwaters o£ Lievre river, St. Maurice county, Que. (Not Ka- wasgisguegat.) Kawastaguta; bay, at the northerly end of Grand lake Victoria, Timiskaming, Que. Kawaweogama; lake, northeast of Seseganaga lake, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Kawawia; lake, southeast of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Oval.) Kawawiagamah. See Wawiag. Kay-gat. See Keigat. Kaypiscow. See Kapiskau. Kazabazua. river, Ottawa and Pontiac counties; also railway station and village, Ottawa county. Que. (Not Kazubazua nor Kazuabazua.) Kedgwick; river, Eestigouche Co., N.B. (Not ELedgewick nor Quatawamkedgewick.) Keec. See Kiekkiek. Kee-ec-Jcee-ec. See Kiekkiek. Keefer; island, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay, Parry Sound district, Ont, Keejhnacoogie. See Kejimkujik. Keele; peak, Mackenzie Yukon watershed, N.W.T. Eeepewa. See Kipawa. Kee-she-Tcas. See Kishikas. Keg; lake, on Churchill river, northeast of L. LaRonge, Saskatchewan. (Not Barrel.) Keglo; bay, east shore Ungava bay. New Quebec. Keheewin. See Kehiwin. Kehiwin; Indian reserve, also lake, eastern Alberta. (Not Keheewin.) Keigat; lake, southwest of Cat lake, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Kay-gat.) Keikewabik; lake, south of Minnitaki lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Hawkrock.) Kejimkujik; lake, Annapolis and Queens counties, N.S. (Not Cegemecega, Keja-ma- kuja, Keejimacoogie, Kerjimacougie, nor Segum Sega.) Kekek; river, tributary to Migiskan river, Pontiac county. Que. Kekeko; lake, southeast of Abitibi lake, Timiskaming county. Que. Kekekwa; lake, north of Anzhekumming lake, Kenora district, Ont. Kekeo ; river, tributary to Manuan R., upper St. Maurice E., Champlain county. Que. Kekkekwabi; lake, Stanhope Tp., Ilaliburton Co., Ont. (Not Cay-ka-quali-be-kung.) Kelsall; lake, discharging into Chilkat river, Cassiar district, B.C. Kelvin; island, lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Grand.) Kelvin; lake, an expansion of Nottaway river, Abitibi territory. Que. Kelvingrove; post office, Huntingdon Co., Que. (Not Calvin Grove nor Kelvin Grove.) Kematch; river, tributary to Woody river, western Manitoba. Kempenfelt; bay, in lake Simcoe, Simcoe county, Ont. (Not Kempenfeldt.) Kempt ; lake, St. Maurice county Que. (Not Wabaskoutyunk.) Kemptown; village, Colchester county, N.S. (Not Kempt Town.) Kemptville ; creek, tributary to Rideau R., Grenville Co., Ont. (Not South Rideau R.) Kenemich; river, flowing to Melville lake, Ashuanipi, Que. (Not Kenemichic.) Keniapiskau ; lake, north of Opatawaga L., Abitibi territory. Que. (Not Kaniapiskau.) Kenilworth; lake, in Tp. 50, R. 4, W. 4th M., Alberta. 92 DEPARTMENT OF THE lyTEEIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Kennabutch ; lake, east of Dinorwic lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Kennabuch.) Een-ne-hig. See Kennibik. Ken-ne-ses. See Kennisis. Kennewapekko ; lake, soutb of Boyer lake, Kenora district, Ont. Kennibik; lake, Dudley township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Ken-ne-big.) Kennicott; lake, at head of Hackett river, Cassiar district, B.C. Kennisis; lake, Havelock township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Ken-ne-ses.) Kenny; lake, west of lake Tempest, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Kenogami; lake, township, and village, Chicoutimi county, Que. Kenogami; river, tributary to Albany river, Algoma and Thunder Bay districts, Ont. Kenogamissee. See Larch. Kenoniska; lake, north of Opatawaga lake, Abitibi territory. Que. Kenora; district and town, western Ontario. (Not Eat Portage town.) Kenora; lake, Redditt township, Kenora district, Ont. Kenozhe; lake, south of Machawaian lake, Patricia district, Ont. Kenozhe; lake, southeast of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Kinoje.) Kerkeslin; mountain, south of Mt. Hardisty, east side of Athabaska river, Alta. Kernertut. cape, southeast shore Ungava bay, New Quebec. Kerr; mount, President range, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Kerr; rocks off the western coast of Digby island. Coast district, B.C. Kersey; point, at northerly end of Maitland I., Douglas channel, Coast district, B.C. Kerwood; post village and railway station, Middlesex county, Ont. (Not Kerrwood.) Keshkabuon; island. Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Caribou.) Kestrel; rock, at entrance to Prince Rupert harbour. Coast district, B.C. Ketch; harbour and head, also Ketch Harbour post settlement, southwest of entrance to Halifax harbour, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Catch harbour and head, nor White or Catch Harbour head.) Ketchacum. See Catchacoma. Ketchum; lake, northeast of Egnell, Cassiar district, B.C. Kettle; point, and reef N. from the point. Lambton county. Out. (Not Ipperwash.) Kettle; range of mountains and river, Osoyoos and Similkameen districts, B.O. Kettle. See Chaudiere. Ketza; river, tributary to Pelly river, above Ross river, Yukon. (Not Kitza.) Kewagama; lake, southeast of Abitibi lake, Timiskaming county, Que. Keivagodoongojioon. See La Pause. Key; harbour and railway terminus, Georgian bay, Parry Sound district, Ont. Keys; lake, north of Favel lake, Kenora district, Ont. Khartum.- See Hector. Kiamika; lake, river, township, and village, Ottawa county. Que. Kiask; river, south of Kamshigama river, Abitibi territory. Que. Kickendatch. See Kikendatoh Kicking Horse; pass, and river tributary to Columbia river, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Wapta river.) Kid; creek, tributary to Goat river, Kootenay district, B.C. Kiekkiek; lake. Bosquet township, Timiskaming, Q. (Not Keec nor Kee-ec-Kee-ec.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAS ADA 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Kieley. See Coyle. Ki-etie. See Kaiete. Kiemawisk; lake, southwest of Shabogama lake, Timiskaming county, Que. Kienawisih. See De Montigny. Kikendatch; Indian village, upper St. Maurice river, Champlain county, Que. (Not Kirkendatch nor Kickendatch.) Kikomun; creek, tributary to Kootenay river, north of Waldo, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Kitamiu, Kokamun, Mud, nor Eock.) Kildala; arm, near Kitimat arm. Coast district, B.C. Kildala ; river, flowing into Kildala arm of Douglas channel, Coast district, B.C. Killarney; village, on west side of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Killsquaw; lake, northwest of Tramping lake, Sask. Kilpatrick; mount, Purity range, Sell^irk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Kilvert; lake, south of Hawk lake, Kenora district, Ont. Kimball; lake, Livingstone township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Kimball's.) Kiminewin ; lake, southwest of Schist lake, Kenora district, Ont. Kinahan; islands, S. of Digby I., Chatham sound. Coast dist., B.C. (Not Kinnahan.) Kinaskan; lake, a source of Iskut river, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Iskut.) Kinbasket; lake, an expansion of Columbia river, below Bush river, Kootenay dis- trict, B.C. Kincardine; town, Bruce county, Ont. King; mount, northwest of Ottertail station, Kootenay district, B.C. King Christian. See Findlay. Kingcome; inlet and mts., W. of Knight inlet, Coast district, B.C. (Not Kingcombe.) King'come ; point, at N. end of Princess Eoyal L, Coast dist., B.C. (Not Kingcombe.) King George ; sound, south shore of Hudson strait. New Quebec. Kingham; river, Argenteuil county, Que. (Not Kingsey.) Kinglake. post office, Norfolk county, Ont. (Not King Lake.) King Oscar Land. See Ellesmere. Kingscote; lake, Bruton township, Haliburton county, Ont. Kingscourt; post office and railway junction, Lambton Co., Ont. (Not King's Court.) Kingsey. See Kingham. Kingsgate; post office and railway station. Int. boundary, Kootenay district, B.C. King Solomon; mountain, east of Carmi, Similkanieen district, B.C. King William; island, S.W. of Boothia pen., N.W.T. (Not King William Land.) Kinney; lake, at the southwest base of Mt. Eobson, Cariboo dist., B.C. (Not Helena.) Kinnickoneship ; lake, near, Manitou L., Kenora district, Ont. (Not Black Sawbill.) Kinnyu; lake, east of j\Ianitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Kinoje. See Kenozhe. Kinojevis; lake and river, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Kinojeviskaskatik.) Kinonge; river. Petite Nation seigniory, Labelle coimty, Que. (Not Salmon.) Kinsman; post settlement. Kings county, N.S. (Not Kinsman's.) Kintail; village, south of Clark point, Huron county, Ont. Kipawa; lake, post office, and river, Timiskaming, Q. (Not Keepawa nor Kipewa.) Kipling; reef, west of Middle Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. 94 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Kipp; coulee, north of Middle coulee, soutliern Alberta. (Not Kipp's.) Kirby; creek, flowing into Juan de Fuca strait, Vancouver L, B.C. (Not Coal.) Kirk; island, in northerly portion of lake Evans, Abitib'i territory. Que. Kirhendatch. See Kikendatch. Kirk Ferry; village, Hull township, Ottawa county. Que. (Not Kirk's Ferry.) Kirkpatrick; lake, south of Hamilton lake, southeastern Alberta. Kishikas; lake and river, tributary to Severn river, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Cedar, Kee-she-kas nor Ivishki.) Kishinena; creek and mountain, international boundary, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Kishenehn, Kish-e-neh-na, nor Ivish-e-nehu.) Kishhi. See Kishikas. Kiskitto; lake, north of L. Winnipeg, Man. (Not Grass nor West Niskitogisew.) Kiskittogisu ; lake, north of L. Winnipeg, Man. (Not Big Reed nor Niskitogisew.) EiskopJcechewans. See Minnehaha. Kispiox; river, tributary to Skeena river, above Hazelton, Cassiar district, B.O (Not Kispyox nor Kis-py-ox.) Kisseynew; lake, south of Kississing lake, Manitoba. (Not Lobstick.) Kississing; lake and river, tributary to Churchill river, Manitoba. (Not Cold, Kissisino, nor Takipy.) Kitamin. See Kikomun. Kitchener; island, W. of Cockburn I., Manitoulin dist., Ont. (Not Little Cockburn.) Kitchener ; railway station, Kootenay district, B.C. Kitchigama; river, trib. to Nottaway R., Abitibi territory. Que. (Not Michagama.) Kitgargas; village, on Babine river near its junction with the Skeena, Cassiar dis- trict, B.C. (Not Kitgargasse.) Kitigtung. See Lady Franklin. Kitimat ; arm and P.O., N. of Douglas channel, Coast district, B.C. (Not Kitamaat.) Kitiwiti; shoal, southwest of Prospect, N.S. (Not Kittee Wittee.) Kitkiata; Indian village, Douglas channel. Coast district, B.C. Not Kit-kia-tah.) Kitsalas; canyon and town, on Skeena river, Coast district, B.C. (Not Kitselas.) Kitselas. See Kitsalas. Kitsumgallum ; lake and river, tributary to Skeena river. Coast district, B.C. (Not Kitsumgalum nor Kit-sum-kay-lum.) Kitty; shoal, S. of Great Duck I., and S.W. from Mary shoal, Manitoulin district, Ont. Kitwanga; village, on Skeena river, 20 miles below Hazelton, Cassiar district, B.C. Kitza. See Ketza. Kiwanzi; brook, tributary to Burntwood river, Manitoba. Kiwetinok; pass, peak, river, and valley, north of Amiskwi river. Rocky mountains, Kootenay district. B.C. (Not Mt. KauiTman, Wilson pass, nor Whymper pass.) Kiyiu; lake, southeast of Opuntia lake, southern Saskatchewan. (Not Eagle.) Kla-anch. See Nimpkish. Klatsa; river, tributary to Frances river, Yukon, (Not Klatsatooa.) Klemtu; passage and village. Coast district, B.C. (Not Klemtoo nor China Hat.) Klesilkwa; river, tributary to Skagit river, Yale district, B.C. Klewi; river, tributary to Little Buffalo R., S. of Great Slave L.,(Not Tesse-Clewee.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAXADA 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Kloiya; bay, Denise arm, Morse basin, E. of Kaienl., Coast dist., B.C. (NotCloyah.) Klokhok; river, tributary to Takhini river, Yukon. Klondike; village, and river tributary to Yukon river, Yukon. (Not Klondyke, Clondyke, nor Tbrondiuck.) Klootchman ; canyon, on Stikine river, south of Clearwater river, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Kluchman.) Klotassin; river, tributary to Donjek river, Yukon. Klotz ; mount, near Tatonduk river, YulvOn. Kluane; lake and river, in southwestern Yukon. (Not Kluahne.) Kluchman. See Klootchman. Kluhini; river, flowing out of Frederick lake into Dezadeash lake, Yukon. Klukshu; lake, and river tributary to Alsek river, Yukon. Klusha; creek, flowing through Braeburn lake, into Nordenskiold river, Yukon. Knapp ; lake, north- of Cheslatta lake, at head of Nechako river. Coast district, B.C. Knapp; point, also Ivnapp Point lightstation^ north shore of Wolfe island, Frontenac county, Ont. (Not Brown's.) Knee; hills, between Kneehills and Threehills creeks, southern Alberta. Kneeliill; post ofiice, east of Innisfail station, Alberta. (Not Knee Hill Valley.) Kneehills; creek, tributary to Red Deer river. Alberta. (Not Knee Hills.) Kneeland; bay, southwest shore Frobisher bay, N.W.T. Knife; islands, west of Shute point, Bruce county, Ont. Knife; lake, international boundary. Rainy River district, Ont. Knight. See Descanso. Knob; lake, Rugby township, Kenora district, Ont. Knoh. See The Knob. Koak; islands and stream, St. John river, York county, N.B. (Not Coac nor Coak.) Koidern; river, tributary to White river, Yukon. KoJcamun. See Kikomun. Kohetsa. See Kaketsa. Kokomenhani ; lake, at headwaters of Rupert river, Mistassini territory. Que. (Not Kokhamenhani.) Kokomis; lake, southweot of Grand lake Victoria, Timiskaniing county. Que. Koksilah; railway station, ridge, and river, N. of Cowichan R., Vancouver I., B.C. Koksoak; river, flowing into Ungava bay, New Quebec. (Not Big nor South.) Kolfage; island, south of Pike point, Bruce county, Ont. Koochiching; falls, in Rainy river, near Fort Frances, international boundary, Rainy River district, Ont. (Not Chaudiere.) Koos-ka-nax. See Kuskanax. Kootanie. See Blakiston. Kootenai. See Waterton. Kootenay; lake and river, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Kootanie, Kootenai, &c,) Kopka; lake, west of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Korikduardu; inlet, E. of Chorkbak inlet, Hudson strait. (Not Ko-rick-du-ar-du.) Koshin; river, tributary to Nahlin river, Cassiar district, B.C. Koya; point, also lightstation on the point, east of Langford point, N.E. entrance. to Houston Stewart channel. Coast district, B.C. 96 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Kramer; lake, Eedditt township, Kenora district, Ont. Kukukahu; lake, southeast of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Kukukus; lake, southeast of Minnital^i lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Kukus.) Kuldo; creek and village, Skeena river, 46 miles above Hazelton, Cassiar dist., B.C. KuUeet; bay, northeast of Ladysmith harbour, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Chemainos nor Chemainus.) Kunghit; island, southernmost of Queen Charlotte Is., Coast dist., B.C. (Not Prevost.) Kuper; island, northwest of Saltspring island, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. The name "Kuper" is confirmed for this island and replaced by "Hibben" for the northerly one to avoid duplication. Kuper. See Hibben. Kusawa; lake, southwest of lake Laberge, Yukon. (Not Arkell.) Kusawa; river, flowing northerly from Cassiar district, B.C., into Kusawa lake, Yukon. (Not Arkell.) Kushog; lake. Stanhope township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Hall's nor Eah- wah-she-be-mah-gog.) Kusiwah. See Surprise. Kuskanax; creek, E. side of Upper Arrow L., Kootenay dist., B.C. (Not Koos-ka-nax.) Kuskonook; P.O. and railway station, near the southern end of Kootenay lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Kuskanook.) Kutawagan; lake, Tp. 30, R. 20, W. 2 M., southern Saskatci.ewan, Kuthai; lake, discharging into Silver Salmon river, Cassiar district, B.C. Kwadacha; river, tributary to Pinlay K., Cassiar, B.C. (Not Quadacha nor Quaneca.) KwichpaJc. See Yukon. Kwinitsa; railway station, also river tributary to Skeena R., B.C. (Not Quinitsa.) Kwoiek; peak, west of Kanaka, Yale district, B.C. (Not Quoieek.) Kyak; bay, west coast Ungava bay. New Quebec. Kyaska; lalve, on Churchill river, east of Reindeer river, central Saskatchewan. Eyeet. See Kaiete. Laberge; lake, in the southern portion of Yukon. (Not Labarge nor Lebarge.) Laberge; lake, Pontleroy township, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Lizard.) LaBiche; lake and river, northeastern Alberta. (Not Red Deer.) Labrador; reef, south of Belanger point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin. district, Ont. Labrador; reef, north of cape Chidley, New Quebec. Labyrinth; lake, on interprovincial boundary, Timiskaming, Ont. and Que. Lacaille; point and river, Montmagny county, Que. (Not la Caille.) LaChapelle; post office. Two Mountains county. Que. (Not Lachapelle.) L'Achigan. See Achigan. La Colle. See Cole. Lacroix; lake, southeast of L. LaBiche, central Alberta. Lacroix; lake, in the valley of Bulkley river, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not La Croix, Le Croix, nor Round.) LaCroix; lake, Int. boundary, Rainy R. dist., Ont. (Not Namoukan nor Nequaquon.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Lac-Sergent; post office, Portneuf county, Que. See also Sergent (lac). Ladder; hill and lake, southeast of Cowan lake, central Saskatchewan. Ladue ; river, tributary to White river, Yukon. Lady Beatrix; lake, northeast of Mattagami lake, Abitibi territoiy. Que. Ladybird; mountain, N. of Columbia R., Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Lady Bird.) Lady Franklin; island, east of Clements Land, N.W.T. (Not Kitigtung.) Ladysmith; harbour and town, southeast coast of "Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Oyster harbour.) LaFrance ; creek, east side of Kootenay lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Lafrance.) Laggan; railway station. Alberta. Lagoon; head, south entrance to Hammond bay, S.E. coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Lahave ; island and river, Lunenburg county, N.S. (Not La Have nor Le Havre.) Lake ; creek, tributary to Stewart river, Yukon. Lahe. See Chonat. Lake Fleet; group of islands ~E. of Admiralty group, St. Lawrence R., Leeds Co. Ont. Lakelse ; lake and river, tributary to Skeena river. Coast district, B.C. (Not Lekelse.) Lake Megantic. See Megantic. Lake of Islands. See Dufault lake. Lake of the Narrows. See Washi lake. Laketon; post on Dease lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Lakit ; creek, E. of Kootenay R., N. of Steele, Kootenay dist., B.C. (Not Four-mile.) La Lime See Lanim. La Loche. See Methye. Lalonde; island, St. Lawrence river, Soulanges county, Que. (Not Chateauguay.) L'Amable; brook and lake, Dungannon and Faraday townships, Hastings county, Ont. Lamb; creek, tributary to Moyie river, Kootenay district B.C. Lambert; shoal, northwest of Saugeen river, Bruce county, Ont. Lamek; bay, Shippigan island, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not Alemek, Lamec, L'amec, nor Lameque.) La Motte; lake, La Motte and Malartic townships, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Askikwaj nor Seals Home.) Lamy; lake, Sabourin township, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Atikamek.) Landels; river, tributary to Winefred river, eastern Alberta. (Not Grizzly Bear.) Landing; lake, north of Sipiwesk lake, Manitoba. Langara; island, off the northern extreme of Graham island. Queen Charlotte group; also point on the island, midway between Thrumb island and St. Margaret point, with lightstation thereon; name also applied to rocks ofF the north shore of the island; Coast district, B.C. (Not North island nor North point.) The island was named North by Capt. George Dixon in 1787 ; and Langara by Commander Jacinto of the Si>anish corvette " Aranzazu ", 1792, after Admiral Don Juan de Langara of the Spanish navy and the point was called North by Vancouver, 1793. Walbran's " Coast Names of B.C." The name " North " objected to as not being suificicutly distinctive. L'Ange Gardien. See Canrnbert. Langford; lake, west of Esquimalt, Vancouver island, B.C. 25t/— 7 98 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Langlais. See Langlois. Langlois; point, at mouth of Grande riviere du Chene, Lotbiniere county, Que. (Not Langlais.) Lanim; point, west of DaDiousie, Restigouche county, N.B. (Not La Lime, nor La Nim, nor Le Nim.) La Nonne (lac) ; lake, Tp. 57, Rs. 2 and 3, W. 5tli M., Alberta. L'Anse au Beaufils. See Anse-a-Beaufils. L'Anse-a-Valleau. See Anse-au-Vallon. Lansdowne. mount, west of lake Marsh, Yukon. La Pause; lake. La Pause township, Timiskaming, Que. (Not Kewagodoongojioon.) Lapeche; lake and river, tributary to Gatineau river, Pontiac, Que. Lapie; river, tributary to Pelly river, below Ross river, Yukon. Laplante; post village, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not LaPlante.) Larch; river, tributary to Koksoak river. New Quebec. (Not Kenogamissee.) Lardeau; mining division, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Lardo.) Lardeau; mountains, east of Upper Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Lardeau; river, tributary to Duncan river, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Lardo.) Lardeau; town, on Upper Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Lardo.) Larder; lake, south of Abitibi lake, Timiskaming, Ont. (Not Present nor President.) Lardo. See Lardeau. Lardo. See Purity. L'Ardoise; village, Richmond county, N.S. (Not Ardoise.) Large. See Hamilton. Large Trout. See Hector. LaRiviere; railway station and village, Lisgar electoral district, Man. (Not Lariviere.) Lark; islet, northeast of pointe aux Alouettes, entrance to Saguenay river, Saguenay county. Que. (Not He aux Morts.) / LarJc. See Alouettes. La Ronde. See Rond. LaRonge (lac) ; lake, south of Churchill river, central Saskatchewan. Larry ; rock, south of Great Duck I., and west of Kitty shoal, Manitoulin district, Ont Lartigue. See Lois. LaSalette; town, Norfolk county, Ont. (Not La Sallette nor Lasallette.) La Sarre; river, flowing from Makamik lake to Abitibi lake, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Amikitik nor Whitefish.) Lash; island, E. of Dead I., entrance to Key harbour. Parry Sound district, Ont. Lasher; island, south of Shesheeb point. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Laskay; post village, York county, Ont. (Not Laskey.) LasJcetti. See Lasqueti. Lasquely. See Lasqueti. Lasqueti; island, south of Texada island, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. (Not Lasquely nor Lasketti.) Last-Chance; creek, branch of Hunker creek, Klondike river, Yukon. Latchford; town, on Montreal river, Timiskaming district, Ont. La Tete. See Walton. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Laura; mount, near lower Stikine river, north of Iskut river, Cassiar district, B.C. Laurie; lake in Duck Mountain Forest reserve, western Manitoba. Laurie; range of mountains, west of O'Donnel river, Cassiar district, B.C. Laurier; cove, in upper portion of Prince Rupert harbour, Coast district, B.C. Laurier; lake, Pettypiece township, Kenora district, Ont. Laurier; mount, east of lake Laberge, Yukon. Laurier; river, emptying into the east end of Clinton-Colden lake, northeast of Slave lake, N.W.T. Laussedat; mount, S. of Mt. Freshfield and N.E. of Donald, Kootenay district, B.C. Lavallee; lake, northwest of Crean lake, central Saskatchewan, (Not Pelican.) Lawrence; lake, north of DeLaronde lake, central Saskatchewan. (Not Caribou.) Lawrence ; lake, south of L. Winnipegosis, Man. Lazy; lake, east of Kootenay E., north of Steele, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Eock.) Leach; creek, flowing northerly into Michel creek, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not South Branch or Fork of Michel creek.) , i Leading peak. See mount Finlayson. Leaf; bay, lake, and river, south coast of Ungava bay. Que. (Not Nepihjee river.) Leah; peak, northwest of Samson peak, Eocky mountains, western Alberta, Leah. See Thwartway. Leanchoil; railway station, Kootenay district, B.C. Leary; cove and point, entrance to Blind bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Leary's.) Leask; bay and point, South bay, Manitoulin district, Ont. Leather; river, tributary to Carrot river, Saskatchewan. (Not Hanging Hide.) Leharge. See Laberge. Leboeuf ; bay, Gabriola island, S,E. coast of Vancouver I., B.C. (Not Lebeuf.) Lebret; lake, an expansion of Qu'Appelle river, above Katepwe lake, in the chain of the "Fishing lakes" — which see; also settlement; Sask. Le Croix. See Lacroix. Leda; peak, near "Castor" and " Pollox," east of mount Swanzy, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Lee; bank, north of Saugeen river, Bruce county, Ont. Lee; creek, tributary to St. Mary river, southern Alberta. (Not Lee's.) Leech; river, tributary to Sooke river, Vancouver island, B.C. Leek. See Thwartway. Lefroy; mount, also glacier, in the Bow range of the Eockies, Alta. and B.C. L^'g. See Muldrew. Leger; post settlement, Westmorland county, N.B. (Not Legere Corner nor Legers Corners.) Legere Corner. See Leger. Le Have. See Lehave. LeHeu; point, below Murray bay, Charlevoix county. Que. Lelu; island, northwest of Smith island, Chatham sound. Coast district, B.C. (Not Le-loo nor South Porpoise.) Lemoine; lake, Desroberts, Dubuisson and Laubanie townships, Timiskaming county,. Que, (Not Kakinokamak.) 25rf— 7i 100 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Le Nim. See Lanim. Lenore; lake, north of Humboldt, Saskatchewan. Xeon; settlement, E. side of Upper Arrow L., Kootenay, B.C. (Not Leon Hot Springs.) Leonard; island, St. Lawrence river, Soulanges county. Que. (Not Grand Batture.) Xeonard; mount, west of Surprise lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Leopold; point, Markham bay, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Leotta; creek, tributary to Iflondike river, Yukon. Le Pas. See Pas. Lepreau ; basin, harbour, parish, point, river, and village, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not Lepreaux nor Belas basin.) Leroux. See Hill. Lescarbot; lake, Quebec county, Que. (Not Kamamintigongue.) Lesser Slave; lake and river, central Alberta. (Not Slave.) Lester; lake, Haycock township, Kenora district, Ont. L'Etang; harbour, river, and village, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not Etang nor Letang.) L'Etete. See Letite. Letite ; passage and village, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not L'Etete nor Letete.) Leve; lake, Radcliffe township, Renfrew county, Ont. Levi. See Holliday. Lewes ; lake, near the " big bend " of Watson river, and river tributary to Yukon river, Yukon. (Not Lewis.) Lewes; mount, north of lake Laberge, Yukon. (Not River mountain.) Lewis; creek, east of Kootenay river, north of Steele, Kootenay district, B.C. Lewis; island, between Kennedy and Porcher islands, Coast district, B.C. Lewis ; lake, northeast of Tawatinaw lake, Kenora district, Ont. Lewis; lake, Ross river, Yukon. Lewis. See Crease. Lewis. See Lewes. Lewis. See Louis. Liard; river, tributary to Mackenzie R., B.C., N.W.T. and Yukon. (Not Mountain.) Lichfield; shoal, W. entrance to Halifax harbour, Halifax Co., N.S. (Not Litchfield.) Lievres (ile aux) ; island, St. Lawrence river, Temiscouata county. Que. English usage: Hare island, which see. Lighthouse. See Snake. Lilian; lake and river, tributary to the Assiniboine, from the north, eastern Saskatch- ewan. (Not Etoiraami South.) Lillooet; district, river, and town, B.C. Lily; bay, upper Ottawa river, west of Grand L. Victoria, Timiskaming county. Que. Lily; bay, also Lily Bay P.O., east shore of L. Manitoba, Man. Lily; glacier, and pass, north of mount Swanzy, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Lily; lakes, on international boundary, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Lima ; point, S. extreme of Digby I., W. entrance to Prince Rupert harbour, B.C. Limebank; village, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Lime Bank.) Limestone ; lake, Mayo township, Hastings county, Ont. Limestone ; point, Nipisiguit bay, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not Young's.) Limestone. See Dolomite. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Lina; range of mountains, east of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Linda; lake, northeast of mount Odaray, Eocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Lindal; lake, Pettypiece township, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Lindel.) Lindeman; lake, S. of Bennett L., Cassiar, B.C. (Not Linderman nor Lyndeman.) Lindoc. See Lynedoch. Lindsay; island. Admiralty group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Cut.) Line; creek, tributary to Fording river, Kootenay district, B.C. Line ; lake, southwest of Eagle lake, Kenora district, Ont. Lineham ; creek, tributary to Sheep river, southern Alberta. Link; island, near Dodd narrows, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Link; lake, Strathy township, Nipissing district, Ont. Linklater; creek, tributary to Kootenay river, near international boundary, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Linkwater nor Meadow.) Linklater; lake, east of Willard lake, Kenora district, Ont. LinJcivater. See Linklater. Lionhead; harbour, headland, and village, Eastnor township, Bruce co.unty, Ont. (Not Lion Head nor Lion's Head.) Liscomb; harbour and post village, Guysborough county, N.S. (Not Liscombe.) Liskeard; town, Timiskaming district, Ont. (Not New Liskeard.) L'Isle. See Delisle. Listowel; town, Perth county, Ont. (Not Listowell.) Litchfield. See Lichfield. Little ; mount, west of mount Fay, Bow range of the Rockies, Alberta and Kootenay district, B.C. Little ; rock, southwest of Phoebe i>oint, Fitzwilliam island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Little. See Rough. Little Atlin; lake, betweeen Atlin lake and lake Marsh, Yukon. Little Black. See Belanger. Little Black. See Burton. Little Blanche ; creek, branch of Quartz creek, Indian river, Yukon, Little Boshkung; lake, Minden township, Haliburton county, Ont. Little Bow; river, tributary to Belly river. Alberta. (Not Small.) Little Bras d'Or; the narrow channel, east of Boularderie island, leading into St. Andrew channel, from the Atlantic, Cape Breton county, N.S. The name ' Little Bras d'Or lake' to be dropped. Little Brazeau. See Nordegg. Little Candle. See Torch. Little Cedar. See Pakhoan. Little Charlton. See Trodely. Little Cochhurn. See Kitchener. Little Cutarm. See Kaposvar. ' Little Don; river, tributai-y to Don river, York county, Ont. (Not Don."i Little Fishing. See Peck. Little Flatland. See Campbell. Little Fork. See Gunamitz. Little Fork of the SaskatcTiewan. See Mistaya. 102 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Little-gem; creek, branch of Hunker creek, Yukon. Little Grant. See Pearson. Little Green. See Steevens. Little Island (lake). See Ministikwan. Little Jachfish. See Foreleg. Littlejohn; island, Admiralty group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Little Knife; portage, between Knife and Cypress lakes. Rainy R. district, Ont. Little Loran. See Little Lorembec. Little Lorembec; post settlement, midway between Lorembec and Cape Breton, Cape Breton county, N.S. (Not Little Loran nor Little Lorraine.) Little Lorraine. See Little Lorembec. Little Madawaska; river, E. side of Algonquin National park, Nipissing district, Ont. Little Magog. See Magog. Little Mecattina. See Mekattina. Little Mistassini. See Albanel. Little Musquodoboit ; village, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Little River Musquodoboit.) Little Natashquan. See Natashkwan. Little Nation. See South Nation. Little Nipisiguit. See Millstream. Little Nottaway. See Broadback. Little Opeongo. See Aylen. Little or South Miminigash. See Roseville. Little Pelican. See Suggi. Little Quill. See Quill. Little Red. See Spruce Little River Musquodohoit. See Little Musquodoboit. Little Roger. See Gaboury. Little Sachigo. See Oponask. Little Salmon ; river, tributary to Lewes river, Yukon. Little Sandy. See Athol. Little SasTcatchewaen. See Dauphin. Little Saskatchewan. See Minnedosa. Little Shallow. See Pakwash. Little Shuswap; lake, west of Shuswap lake, Ivamloops district, B.C. Little Slave. See Prince Regent. Little Slocan; river, tributary to Slocan river, Kootenay district, B.C. Little Smoky ; river, tributary to Smoky river. Alberta. Little Tahltan; river, tributary to Tahltan river, Cassiar district, B.C. Little Tohique. See Sisson. Little Tohique. See Tobique. Little Vermilion; lake, between Loon and Sand Point lakes, international boundary. Rainy River district, Ont, (Not Vermilion.) Little Vermilion. See Altrude. Little Wahigoon. See Dinorwic. Little Weslemcoon. See Effingham. Livingstone; range of mountains and river, southern Alberta. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Lizard; creek and mountains, southwest of Fernie. Kootenay district, B.C. Lizard. See Laberge, Lladnor; creek, tributary to Elk river, north of Olson, Kootenay district, B.C. Llewellyn; glacier, south of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Loadstone. See Lodestone. Lobster; lake. Airy township, Nipissing district, Ont. Lohster. See Crayfish. Lobstick; bay, in the lake of the Woods, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Lob-stick.) Lobstick; river, tributary to Pembina river, central Alberta. (Not Lob-stick.) Lobstick. See Chip. Lohstich. See Kisseynew. Lock; bay, Gabriola island, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Locke; island, Lockeport harbour, Shelburne county, N.S. (Not Eagged nor Rugged.) Lockeport; harbour, also town on Locke island, Shelburne county, N.S. (Not Ragged or Rugged Island harbour.) Lockhart; river, emptying into E. end of Great Slave L., N.W.T. (Not Locldiart's.) . Lodestone; lake and mountain, south of Tulameen river, Yale district, B.C. (Not Loadstone mountain nor Paradise lake.) Lodge; creek, southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. (Not Medicine Lodge.) Lodgepole; creek, tributary to Wigwam river, Kootenay, B.C. (Not Lodge Pole.) Logan; island, in northerly portion of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Logan; mount, east of Frances lake, Yukon. Logie; rock, west of McNab point, Bruce county, Ont. Lois; lake and river, emptying into Makamik lake, Timiskamiug county. Que. (Not Lartigue, Matamik, nor Molesworth.) Loks Land; at entrance to Frobisher bay, N.W.T. (Not Lok's Land.) Lombard; creek, tributary to Lndian river, Yukon. Lomond; river, emptying into L. Superior, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Carp.) London Junction. See Pottersburg. Lonely, bay, east of Dominion point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Lonely; river, flowing into bay of same name, Opasatika lake, Timiskamiug, Que. (Not Bagwah.) Lonely. See Isolated. Lonely. See Seul. Lonely Valley. See Ten Peaks, Lone Man's. See Oneman. Lone Tree. See Ann. Long; creek, the west branch of Souris river, southeastern Saskatchewan. Long; point, extending into the central portion of lake Evans, Abitibi territory. Que. Long; point, in southern part of Tyendinaga township, Hastings county, Ont. Long; portage, between Rose and Watap lakes, international boundary. Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Great New.) Long. See Farrell. Long. See Kawashegamuk. Long. See Lowes. Long. See Methy. 104 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Long. See Mountain. Long. See Ord. Long. See St. Andrew. Long. See Trident. Long. See Tyee. Long. See Vaudray. Long. See Wolfe. Long. See Woods. Long-legged; lake and river, emptying into Wilcox lake on English river, Patricia district, Ont. Long Point ; bay and liglitstation, lake Erie, ISTorf oik county, Ont. (Not North Fore- land nor Outer Bay of Long Point.) Long Sault; rapids, below Manitou rapids, Rainy river, Rainy River district, Ont. Longspell ; point, near Kingsport, Kings county, N.S. (Not Indian.) Longue-Pointe ; village, Hochelaga county. Que. (Not Long Point.) Lookout; mountain, in the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. Lookout; river, emptying into Smoothrock lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Loon ; lake, between LaCroix and Little Vermilion lakes, international boundary. Rainy River district, Ont. Loon. See Makwa. Loon. See Mang. Loonhead; lake, on Burntwood river, Manitoba. (Not Loon-head) Loop ; brook, tributary to Illecillewaet river, near " The Loop," Kootenay district, B.C. Lorembec; head and post settlement, about 2 miles east of Louisburg, Cape Breton county, N.S. (Not Big Loran nor Big Lorraine.) The original form of this name was Laurentbec (See page 175 of " Cape Breton and its Memorials." by Sir John Bourinot) which survives in the neighbouring "Lawrence head"; this successively became "Laurentbec"; "Lorembec"; and "Lorembee", evidently a typographical error; "Loran", probably a corruption of Laurent; and lastly "Lorraine", evidently adopted from the name of the Rhenish province under a misconception. Lorenzo. See Pelletier. Loretta; island, north of Hawkesbury island. Coast district, B.C. Lorette; parish, railway station, and village, southeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba. (Not Loretto.) L'Oiignal; town, Prescott county, Ont. (Not L'Original.) Lome; lake, Rugby township, Kenora district, Ont. Lome; lake, Pembina river, southern Manitoba. Lome ; mount, west of lake !Marsh, Yukon. Lorneville; village, on west side of entrance to St. John harbour, St. John county, N.B. (Not Pisarinco.) Lorrain; lake, east of Cassels township, Timiskaming district, Ont. (Not Bear.) Loscombe ; reef, north of Macpherson point, Bruce county, Ont. Lost; lake, northwest of Minnitaki lake, Kenora district, Ont. Loucks; lake, Burleigh township, Peterborough county, Ont. (Not Louck's.) Lougheed; bay, point and reef, east of Dominion point, Manitoulin island, Ont. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Louis; mount, northwest of Banff, Alberta. Louis; point, south end of Coste island, Kitimat arm. Coast district, B.C. Louis; port, Graham island. Coast district, B.C. (Not Ingraham nor Lewis.) Louisa; lake, Lawrence township, Haliburton county, Ont. Louise ; lake, west of Laggan station, Alberta. (Not Emerald.) Louise ; lake, Pembina river, also railway station, southern Manitoba. Lount; lake, English river, Kenora district, Ont. Loup (banc du) ; bank, below Pilgi-im Is., St. Lawrence E., Temiscouata Co., Que. Loup (pointe du) ; (riviere du) ; point, also river tributary to the St. Lawrence, Temiscouata county. Que. Loutre; Harbour de, harbour, W. side of Campobello I., N.B. (Not Harbour de Lute.) Loutres. See daises. Low; lake, southeast of Silver lake, Kenora district, Ont. Low; point, and Low Point post office, east side of George bay, Laverness county, N.S. Low. See Clark. Low. See Flat Lower Arrow; lake, an expansion of Columbia river, Kootenay district, B.C. Lower Bow. See Hector. Lower Clearwater. See Washagomish. Lower Savage; islands, Gabriel strait, N.W.T. Lower White Fish. See Gregg. Lowes; lake, southwest of Yorkton, Saskatchewan. (Not Long, Pebble, nor Silver.) Lubbock; bay, west of Markham bay, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Lubbock; river, flowing into Atlin lake from Little Atlin lake, Yukon. Lucas; channel, island, and reef, at entrance to Georgian bay, Manitoulin district, Ont Lucky; creek, branch of Allgold creek, Klondike river, Yukon. Luke; creek, tributary to St. Maiy river, Kootenay district, B.C. Luke Fox. See Fox. Lumley. See Frobisher. Lusk; creek, tributary to Kananaskis river, Alberta. ; Lussier; river, tributary to Kootenay river, Kootenay district, B.C. Lutz. post settlement, Westmorland county, N.B. (Not Lutes nor Lutes Mountain.) Lyal; island and reef, southeast of Greenough point, Bruce county, Ont. Lychnis; mountain, south of Mt. Douglas, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Lyell; mount, also creek and snowfield, summit range of the Rockies, Alta. and Kootenay district, B.C. Lynch; island, in the Ste. Genevieve group, east of Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Jacques Cartier county, Que. (Not Dowker's nor Lynch's.) Lyndeman. See Lindeman. Lynedoch; island, west of Hill island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Ash, Lindoe, nor Lyndoch.) Lynn; point, Manitoulin L, N.W. of Greene I., Manitoulin dist., Ont. (Not Black.) Lynx. See Selby. Lyster; lake, Bamston township, Stanstead county. Que. (Not Baldwin's pond nor Barnston pond.) 106 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 M Mabee; village, Norfolk county, Ont. (Not Maybee.) Mabel; lake and mountain, Kamloops and Osoyoos districts, B.C. Macabee; creek, tributary to Sheep river, also mountain, southern Alberta. McAdam; Ey. sta. and village, York Co., N.B. (Not Macadam nor McAdam Junction.) McAlpine; P.O. and Ey. station, Prescott Co., Ont. (Not MoAlpine's nor McAlpin.) Macan. See Maccan. McArthur; creek, lake, and pass, west of Columbia river; also mountain, at head of upper Yoho valley, Eocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Macaulay; lake. Airy township, Nipissing district, Ont. Macaulay; spit, off the southeastern end of Inner Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not McCauley's.) McBean; mount, west of Mt. Purity, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. McCallum; island, southeast of Beament island, Bruce county, Ont. (Not Snake.) McCallum; mountains, east of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Maccan; railway station, river, and village, Cumberland county, N.S. (Not Macan.) McCarthy; point, southeast side of Fitzwilliam island, Manitoulin district, Ont. M'Clintock; peak and river, between lake Marsh and Teslin river, Yukon. (Not McClintock.) McCoimell; peak and river, Nisutlin river, Yukon. Macoostigan. See Makustigan. McCormick; creek and landing, near foot of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not McCormack.) McCoy; head, east of Thompson cove, St. John county, N.B. (Not McCoy's.) McCoy; island, Brock group, St. Lawrence E., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Montgomery.) McCreary ; island, N. of Turnagain point, L. Winnipeg, Man. (Not Outer Sturgeon.) McDame; creek, tributary to Dease river, Cassiar district, B.C. McDonald; bay and point, west of Brockville, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Donald, Mac- donald, nor McDonald's.) McDonald; creek, flowing into Upper Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. McDonald; island, Admiralty group, St. Lawrence E., Leeds county, Ont. (Not Hog.) McDonald; lake, east of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. McDonald; lake, Haycock township, Kenora district, Ont. McDonald; mount, west of Esquimalt, Vancouver island, B.C Macdonald; island, N.W. of the islands of God's Mercie, Hudson strait. (Not Egypt.) Macdonald; lake, Havelock township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Macdonald's.) Macdonald; mount, in the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Carroll.) Macdonald; range of mountains, east of Wigwam river, Kootenay district, B.C. McDonald's. See Prince Eegent. McDougal; brook, trib. to Incomappleux E., Kootenay dist., B.C. (Not McDougall.) McDougall ; mount, east of Kananaskis river, Eocky Mountains park, Alberta. Macdougall; settlement, Kent county, N.B. (Not Macdougal nor Macdougall's.) Macdougall's. See Marion. Mace; bay, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not Mace's.) McElhinney; shoal, N. of Flowerpot I., Georgian bay, Ont. (Not McElhinney's.) OEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d McEvoy; creek, tributary to Flathead river, east of Morrissey, Kootenay district, B.C. McEwen; lake, east of Kawaweogama lake, Tliimder Bay district, Ont, McFadden; lake, McClintock township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not McFadden's.) McFarlane ; river, emptying into the S. side of Athabaska lake, Sask. (Not Beaver.) McGaw; point, entrance to S. Baymouth, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. McGillivray ; creek, flowing southeasterly into Anderson lake, also mountain and pass at the head of the creek, Lillooet district, B.C. (Not McGillvray.) McGillivray; post office, Middlesex county, Ont. (Not "West McGillivray.) McGillvray. See McGillivray. McGrath: mount, near lower Stikine E.., north of Iskut R., Cassiar district, B.C. MacGregor; point, west of Port Elgin, Bruce county, Ont. McGregor; settlement, east shore of Kootenay lake, south of Lockhart creek, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not McGregor's.) Macha. See Hatchau. Machawaian; lake, southwest of Attawapiskat lake, Patricia district, Ont. McHugh; brook, flowing into Dinorwic L., Kenora dist., Ont. (Not McHugh's creek.) Mclnnes; post office, Middlesex county, Ont. (Not Mclnness.) Mclnness. See Mclnnes. Mcintosh; mount, east of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Mcintosh; village, Leeds county, Ont. (Not ]\[acIntosh Mills.) Mclntyre; bay, south shore of L. Suel, Kenora district, Ont. Mclntyre; bay, south shore of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Mackay; lake, Gloucester township, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Hemlock.) McKay; H. B. Co. post, also settlement on Athabaska R., Alta. (Not Fort McKay.) McKay; lake, south of Nanaimo river, Vancouver island, B.C. McKay; mount, S.W. of Fort William, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not McKay's.) McKay; reach, between Princess Royal and Gribbell islands. Coast district, B.C. McKay; rock, S.W. from Pulpwood point, Cockburn I., Manitoulin district, Ont. McKay; river, flowing northeasterly into Athabaska R. at McKay, Alta. (Not Red.) McKee; creek, north of O'Donnel river, Cassiar district, B.C. McKellar; channel (middle) of Kaministikwia river. Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not McKellar river.) McKellar; island, south of Pie island. Thunder Bay district, Ont. McKellar; point, southwest of Victoria island, Thunder Bay district, Ont. McKenzie ; creek, flowing into Grand river, Brant and Haldimand counties, Ont, (Not Mackenzie.) McKenzie ; lake. Nightingale township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not McKenzie's.) Mackenzie ; lake, S. of N. T. Ry., N.W. of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Mackenzie ; mount, southeast of Revelstoke, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not McKenzie.) Mackey; point, Sheen township, Pontiac county. Que. (Not Mackay.) McKim; bay, west shore South bay, Manitoulin island, Ont. (Not McKimm.) McLaren. See McLaurin. McLaughlin. See McLoughlin. McLaurin; bay, east of East Templeton, Ottawa county. Que. (Not MacLaren.) 108 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 McLaurin; lake, northwest of lake Nipigoii, Thunder Bay district, Ont. McLay; mount, east of Surprise lake, Cassiar district, B.C. McLean; canyon, below the Grand falls of Hamilton river, Ashuanipi and New Quebec. (Not Bowdoin.) Named after John McLean, an officer of the H. B. Co. who discovered the falls and canyon in 1829. McLean; mountain, north of mouth of Cayoosh creek, Lillooet district, B.C. McLean; rock in Fitzwilliam channel, Manitoulin district, Ont. McLean. See McLelan. McLelan; strait, northeast shore Ungava bay. New Quebec. (Not McLean.) McLennan; lake. Haycock township, Kenora district, Ont. Macleod; lake, Tp 51, R. 16, W. 3 M., Saskatchewan. Macleod; town and railway station, southern Alberta. (Not Fort Macleod.) McLeod; mount, west of Dease lake, Cassiar district, B.C. McLeod; river, tributary to Athabaska river, central Alberta. McLoughlin; bay. Lama passage. Coast district; also point in Victoria harbour; B.C. (Not M'Laughlin, Maclaughlin, nor McLaughlin.) McMahon; island, off the southeast side of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Shantee nor Shanty.) McMaster; lake, Jones township, Renfrew county, Ont. (Not McMaster's.) McMaster; mount, east of O'Donnel river, Cassiar district, B.C. Macmillan ; range of mountains, and river tributary to Pelly river, Yukon. MacMillan; railway station, Kenora district, Ont. McMillan. See Balache. McMullen. See Carnarvon. McMurray; H. B. Co. post, also settlement on Athabaska river, northeastern Alberta. (Not Fort McMurray.) McNab; point, south of Chantry island, Bruce county, Ont. McNair; island, St. Lawrence river, below Brockville, Leeds county, Ont. McNeil; mount, betweeen Watson and Wheaton rivers, southern Yukon. McNevin; lake, Murchison township, Nipissing district, Ont. (Not McNevin's.) McNicoll; mount, southwest of Sixmile Creek station, Kootenay district, B.C. McNutt; island, Shelburne harbour, Shelburne county, N.S. (Not McNutt's.) Macoming. See Chiblow. Macoostigan. See Makustigan. McPhee; bay, northern shore of lake Simcoe, Simcoe county, Ont. McPherson; lake, north of Frances lake, Yukon. Macpherson; mount, southwest of Revelstoke, Kootenay district, B.C. Macpherson; point, northeast of Douglas point, Brupe Co., Ont. (Not MePberson.) Macoun; mount, northwest of mount Fox, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Macquereau. See Maquereau. McQuesten; river, tributary to Stewart river, Yukon. (Not McQuestion.) McRae ; point, south of Douglas point, Bruce county, Ont. McReynolds; post office, Grenville county, Ont. (Not McReynold-'s Corners.) McReynold's Corners. See McReynolds. Mad; reef, between Greenough point and Lyal island, Bruce county, Ont. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Madawaska; post office, Nipissing district, Ont. Madawaska; river, tributary to Ottawa river, Renfrew county, Ont. Madendanada. See Tendinenda. Madge; lake, in Tps. 30 and 31, E. 30, W. P. M., Sask. (Not Clear Water.) Maduxnaheag. See Meduxnekeag. Maganasibi; river, tributary to Ottawa river, Timiskamiug county. Que. (Not Mag- anacipi nor llaganasipi.) Maganatawan ; post office and river. Parry Sound district, Ont. (Not Magnetawan nor Maganetawan.) Maggie; lake, Pinlayson township, Nipissing district, Ont. (Not Maggie's.) Magnet ; channel, island, and point, S.E. entrance Black B., Thunder Bay dist., Ont. Magnetawan. See Maganatawan. Magnetic; island and reef, southeastern side of Cockburn I., Manitoulin district, Ont. Magnetic; lake, W. of Gunflint L., international boundary. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Magog; lake and river, tributary to St. Francis river, Sherbrooke and Stanstead coun- ties, Que. (Not Little Magog lake.) Magog; lake, in Mack township, Algoma district, Ont. Maguacha. See Maguasha. Maguasha; point and post office, Nouvelle township, Bonaventure county. Que. (Not Goacha, Maguaacha, Migaocha, nor Miguasha.) Maguire ; mount, east of Sooke inlet, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not McGuire.) Magusi; river, flowing northeasterly into Duparquet lake, Timiskaming, Ontario and Quebec. (Not Agotawekami, Asipimocasi, nor Isabemagussi.) Mahmee. See Mami. Mahogany. See Manawagonish. Maiden, island, south shore Hudson strait, New Quebec. (Not Maiden Paps.) Maiden; island, east of Michael point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Maikasksagi; river, north of Waswanipi river, Abitibi territory. Que.* Mailloux; river, flowing into the St. Lawrence, at Murray Bay, Charlevoix Co., Q. Main; channel, between Cove island and " Bad Neighbour" rock, entrance to Georgian bay, Bruce county, Ont. Mainadien; bay, lightstation, passage, and village, Cape Breton county, N.S. (Not Main a Dieu, Main-a-dieii nor Menadou.) . Maitland; island, Douglas channel, north of Hawkesbury island. Coast district, B.C. Maitland; river, emptying into lake Huron at Goderich, Huron county, Ont. Maitland. See Port Maitland. Makamik; lake. Royal Rouissillon township, Timiskaming, Que. (Not Mekamic.) Makokibatan; lake, Albany river, Patricia and Thunder Bay districts, Ont. Makustigan; lake, S. of "Wetetnagami L., Pontiac county. Que. (Not Macoostigan.) Makwa; lake and river, trib. to Beaver R., from the southwest, Sask. (Not Loon.) Malahat; ridge, west of Saanich inlet, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Beddingfield.) Malaspina's. See Galiano. Malbaie (riviere) ; river, tributary to the St. Lawrence, Charlevoix county. Que. (Xot Malbay.) Engli.-h usage: Murray river, which see. Malbaie; See also Murray Bay. Malcolm; reef, between Boyer reef and Port Elgin, Bruce county, Ont. 110 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Malcolm; river, flowing northeasterly into Arctic ocean, international boundary, Alaska and Yukon. Male (lac du) ; lake, at headwaters of St. Maurice river, Champlain county, Que. Maligne ; lake and river, emptying into the Athabaska at ' Henry House,' also mountain east of the lake, Rocky mountains, western Alberta. Mallon; lake, in Rattray township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Maloney; mount, northwest of Aishihik lake, Yukon. Malpeque; bay. Prince county, P. E. I. (Not Richmond.) Mamakwash ; lake, at headwaters of Berens R., Patricia district, Ont. (Not Fairy.) Mameigwess ; lake, north of Attawapiskat lake, Patricia district, Ont. Mami; creek, tributary to Belly river, southern Alberta. (Not Buffalo, Fish, nor Mahmee.) Mamozekel; river, tributary to Tobique river, Northumberland and Victoria coun- ties, N.B. (Not Mamoxekel nor Momozekel.) Manasan; river, tributary to Burntwood river, Manitoba. (Not Munosahn.) Manawagonish ; island, in St. John harbour, St. John county, N.B. (Not Mahogany, Manawoganish, nor Meogenes.) Manawan; lake, on Churchill river, below Reindeer river, central Saskatchewan. Mance; lake. La Sarre township, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Mud.) Mandamin; post village and railway station, Lambton Co., Ont. (Not Mandaumin.) Mang; lake, west of Kawawia lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Loon.) Manganese; mountain, east of Ice river. Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Manicouagan. See Manikuagan. Manicuagan. See Manikuagan. Manigotagan; lake and river, east of lake Winnipeg, Man. (Not Bad Throat river, Muskrat lake, nor Rat Portage lake.) Manikuagan ; point and river, Saguenay Co., Q. (Not Manicouagan nor Manicuagan.) Manito; lake, south of Battle river, Saskatchewan. Manitoba ; large lake of Manitoba. Manitoba ; ledge, off W. side of Yeo L, entrance to Georgian bay, Manitoulin dis., Ont. Manitoba; reef, north of Great Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Manitou; creek, flowing into Michael bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Manitou; lake, northwest of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Manitou; rapid. Rainy river, international boundary. Rainy River district, Ont. Manitou. See Silver. Manitoulin; island, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Grand Manitoulin.) Manitoulin gulf. See South bay. Manitounuk; sound, north of Great Whale river. New Quebec. (Not Manitounuck.) Manitowaning ; bay and village, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Manitouaning.) Manitumeig; lake, west of Anzhekmnniing lake, Kenora district, Ont. Manitush; lake, southwest of Attawapiskat lake, Patricia district, Ont. Mann; island, in upper part of lake Timiskaming, Que. Mann; island, east of Bigsby island, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay, Parry Sound district, Ont. Manomin; lake, west of Winnange lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Unaminnikan.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Manquart. See Monquart. Manseau; parish and post oiBce, Nicolet county, Que. Mansel; island, Hudson bay, N.W.T. (Not Mansfield.) Mansfield; creek, tributary to Tatshensbini river, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Bear.) Mansfield. See Mansel. Mantagao; river, flowing northerly into Sturgeon bay, lake Winnipeg, Manitoba. Manuan; lake, and river tributary to the upper St. Maurice, Champlain county. Que. (Not Manouan.) Manuminan. See Paint. Many Island; lake, east of Medicine Hat, Alberta and Saskatchewan. Maple; bay and mountain, W. Sansum narrows, Stuart channel, Vancouver I., B.C. Maple; creek flowing into Bigstick lake, also Maple Creek town, southwestern Sask. Maple; island, St. Lawrence E, Soulanges county, Que. (Not D'Alogmy nor Thorn.) Maple; point, at the northeast end of Gil island, Coast district, B.C. Maple. See Goosehunting. Maplegrove; post office, Middlesex county, Ont. (Not Maple Grove.) ' Maquereau; point, Gaspe county. Que. (Not Macquereau.) Mara; lake, east of Salmon arm of Shuswap lake, Kamloops district, B.C. (Not Mara arm of Shuswap lake.) Marble; canyon, a very narrow deep pass through the range of mountains between Bonaparte and Fraser rivers, LiUooet district, B.C. Marble Dome; mountain, S. of Gladys lake, Cassiar dist., B.C. (Not Brown Dome.) Margaree; town, Inverness county, N.S. (Not Margaree Harbour.) Margaret; lake, northeast of Turquoise lake. Alberta. Margaret; lake, at headwaters of Wenasaga R., Patricia, Ont. (Not Kakinookama.) Margaretville ; village, on the bay of Pundy, Annapolis county, N.S. (Not Mar- garetsville.) Marguerite ; bay, point, and river, north shore of lower St. Lawrence, Saguenay county, Que. (Not Ste. Marguerite.) To avoid duplication, see Ste. Marguerite river, Chicoutimi county. Maria; lake, northwest of Tuya lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Maria; lake, Purdom township. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Marieville ; railway station and village, Pouville county, Que. Marieville creek. Se Huron river. Marina; island, S.W. of Cortes I., Sutil channel. Coast district, B.C. (Not Mary.) Marion; lake, west of Glacier station, Kootenay district, B.C. Marion; point, near Dorval, Jacques Cartier county. Que. (Not Macdougall's.) Marion. See Allan. Marjorie; island, westward of Sandys point, St. Peters inlet, Bichmond county, N.S. (Not Gooseberry.) Mark; creek, tributary to St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Mark; lake, northeast of Silver lake, Kenora district, Ont. Markham; bay, northeast shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Marksville. See Hilton. Marmen; rock, east of Brandypot channel, St. Lawrence E., Temiscouata Co., Que. 112- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Marmot; mountain, north of Observation peak, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Marpole ; mount, also lakes, at headwaters of Yoho river, Kootenay district, B.C. Marsh; lake, in the southern portion of Yukon, near Bennett and Tagish lakes. Marshall Cove. See Port Lome. Marshall; lake, northeast of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Mars Hill; post settlement, Carl^ton county, N.B. (Not Mar's Hill.) Martel ; post office, Eussell county, Ont. (Not Martel Comers.) Martel Corners. See Martel. Marten; creek, tributary to Michel creek, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Martin.) Marten; river, tributary to Rupert river, Mistassini territory, Que. Marten Drinking; river, emptying into Attawapiskat lake, Patricia district, Ont. Martimoki; lake, Saguenay county. Que. (Not Martimokinipau.) Martin; head, St. Martins parish, St. Jolm county, N.B. (Not Martin's nor St. Martin.) Martin, lake, northeast of Lost lake, Kenora district, Ont. Martin; lake, southeast of Humboldt bay, L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Martin; mountain, east of Lesser Slave lake, Alberta. Martin. See Martre. Martineau; bay, Lorrain township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Martineau; river, flowing southwesterly into Cold lake, central Alberta. Martini ; island, west of Moore point, southern coast of Digby I., Coast district, B.C. Martins ; valley, east of Chancellor peak, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Martre (riviere a la) ; river, Christie township, Gaspe county. Que. (Not Martin river nor Riviere a la Marte.) Mary; creek, tributary to Teslin river, near M'Clintock peak, Yukon. Mary; point. Boxer reach, Coast district, B.C. Mary; shoal, south of Great Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Mary. See Marina. Marysville (village). See WoKe Island (village). Mary Vaux; mount, south of southeast end of Maligne lake. Rocky mountains, western Alberta. Mascabin ; point, N. entrance Passamaquoddy B., Charlotte Co., N.B. (Not Mascarin.) Mascareen; peninsula and village, Charlotte, N.B. (Not Masoarene nor Mascarren.) Mascarin. See Mascabin. Mashamengoose. See Mitchinamekus. Masinabik; lake, S.E. of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay dist., Ont. (Not Masinabikaigan.) Maskwa; hill, on Battle river, west of Cutknife creek, central Saskatchewan. Maskwa; river, tributary to Winnipeg river, Man. (Not Bear.) Maspeck. See Mispeck. Massasauga; point, west of Horse point, Ameliasburg Tp., Prince Edward Co., Ont. Masstown ; lightstation, fishing and post settlement, Cobequid bay, Colchester county, N.S. (Not Debert nor Mass Town.) Matahechawan. See Matabitchuan. Matabitchuan ; river, flowing into lake Timiskaming, below the mouth of Montreal river, Timiskaming district, Ont. (Not Matahechawan nor Matabitchouan.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Matamik. See Lois. Matapedia; lake, river and village, Ifatane and Bonaventure Cos., Q. (Not Metapedia.) Matashi; river, headwaters of Gatineau river, Berthier county, Que. Matawa. See Mattawin. Matawa. See Shamattawa. Matawin. See Mattawin. Matchimanito ; lake, southwest of Millie lake, Pontiac county. Que. Matheson; island, W. of N. entrance to narrows of lake Winnipeg, Man. (Not Snake.) Matheson; mount, also lake, north of Becher bay, Vancouver island, B.C. Matheson; mount, on east side of Bennett lake, Yukon. Matilda; lake, Redditt township, Kenora district, Ont. Matinatinda. See Tendinenda. Matsatu; river, tributary to Nahlin river, Cassiar district, B.C. Mattagami; lake, Abitibi territory, Que. Mattagami; river, tributary to Moose river, Timiskaming district, Ont. (Not South Branch of Moose river.) Mattagami. See Allard. Mattaivagosik. See Dasserat. Mattawin; river, tributary to St. Maurice river, Berthier, Champlain, Joliette, jMaskinonge, and St. IMaurice counties, Que. (Not Matawa nor Matawin.) Matthew; creek, tributary to St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Matthews; point. Active pass, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. Mattice ; lake, south of N.T. Ry., northwest of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Manger; beach, at entrance to Halifax harbour, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Meagher.) Mannoir; butte, near confluence of Lewes and Teslin rivers, Yukon. Maurelle ; island, between " Hole in the wall " and Surge narrows. Coast district, B.C. The eastern portion of what was formerly Valdes island. Mans; creek, E. of Kootenay R., south of Steele, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Mouse.) Maxwell ; mount, Saltspring island, S.E. coast of Vancouver I., B.C. (Not Baynes.) Maybank; post office, Huntingdon county. Que. (Not May Bank.) Maybee. See Mabee. Mayes; point, at N. end of Read L, Sutil channel, Coast district, B.C. (Not Mayor.) Mayflower; island, at entrance to Thomas bay, Manitoulin island, Ont. Maynard; lake, English river, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Maynard's.) Mayne; island and post village, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. Mayo; brook and lake, tributary to Stewart river, Yukon. Mayor. See Mayes. Mazohama. See Kama. Meacham; creek, St. Mary river, Kootenay, B.C. (Not Caribou nor Whitefish.) Meadow; creek, branch of Culphur creek, Indian river, Yukon. Meadow; creek and lake, tributary to Beaver river, central Saskatchewan. Meadow. See Hawkins. Meadow. See Linklater. Meagher. See Mauger. Meander; brook, south of Eagle lake, Kenora district, Ont. 25(/— S 114 DEPARTME'ST OF THE I'STERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Mecatina. See Mekattina. Medicine; river, tributary to Eed Deer river, southern Alberta. Medicine-lodge ; hills, in Tp. 40, K. 2, W. 3 M., southern Alta. (Not Medicine Lodge.) Medicine Lodge. See Lodge. Medicine-stone; lake, south of Eed lake, Patricia, Ont. (Not Medicine Stone.) Meduxnekeag; river, tributary to St. John river, Carleton county, N.B. (Not Mad- uxnakeag nor Meduxnakeag.) Medway ; river, trib. to N. branch of Thames R., Middlesex Co., Ont. (Not Arva creek.) Medway; seaport town, Queens county, N.S. (Not Port Medway nor Port Metway.) Meehin; brook, flowing into Minas channel, Kings county, N.S. (Not Meehins.) Meeting; lake, in the Thiclcwood hills, central Saskatchewan. Megantic; county, lake, and village. Que. (Not Lake Megantic village.) Meggisi; brook, tributary to upper Winisk E., below Tabasokwia E., Patricia, Ont. Meggisi; lake, east of Manitou lake, Tvenora district, Ont. (Not Small Trout.) Megiskun. See Migiskan. Mehollan. See Mulholland. Meholland. See Mulholland. Meig; post office, Missisquoi county, Que. (Not Meig's Corners.) Meig's Corners. See Meig. Meisner ; point, E. side Mahone bay, Lunenburg Co., N.S. (Not Meisener nor Misener.) Mejomanguse. See Mitchinamekus. MeTcamic. See Makamik. Mekattina; cape, islands, and river, Saguenay county. Que. (Not Mecatina, nor Little Mecattina river.) Mekinak; lake, river, and township, Champlain county. Que. (Not Meki^iac.) MeJciscan. See Migiskan. Meldrum; point, northwestern end of Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Mildram nor Mildrum.) Melf ort ; creek, railway station, and settlement, central Sask. (Not Stony creek.) Melon; lake, between Knife and Carp lakes. Int. boundary, Eainy Eiver district, Ont. Melville ; arm, on northerly side of Prince Eupert harbour, Coast district, B.C. Melville ; island. Admiralty group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Hay.) Melville ; lake, expansion of Hamilton inlet, Ashuanipi, Que. (Not Groswater bay.) Melville; point, south of Srigley bay, Manitoulin district, Ont. Melville ; shoal, E. of N.E. end of Amherst I., Frontenac Co., Ont. (Not Seven Acre.) Menadou. See Mainadieu. Menan. See Grand Manan. Mendenhall; river, tributary to Takhini river, Yukon. Menesatung; park, north of Goderich, Huron county, Ont. Menikwesi; lake, west of Kawawia lake, Kenora district, Ont. Menjohaguse. See Mitchinamekus. Mennin; lake, S.E. of Dinorwic L,, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Blueberry nor Shallow.) Meogenes. See Manawagonish. Merigomish ; island and village, Pictou Co., N.S. (Not Big I. nor Merigomishe village) Merion. See Mirond. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Merlin; lake, north of mount Richardson, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Mermaid ; island, Admiralty group, St. Lawrence R., Leeds county, Ont. (Not Pine.) Merriam ; bay, west of Bayley bay, Basswood L., Int. boundary. Rainy R. district, Ont. Merrill. See Frechette. Mescoh. See Misko. Meskwatessi ; lake, east of Atikwa lake, Kenora district, Ont. Mestowana ; lake, northwest of Lost lake, Kenora district, Ont. Metabetchouan; post office, river, and township, Chicoutimi county. Que. (Not Metabechouan.) Metaghan. See Meteghan. Metapedia. See Matapedia. Metchishan. See Migiskan. Metchosin; mountain, west of Parry bay, Vancouver I., B.C. (Not Metchosin hill.) Meteghan; river and village, Digby county, N.S. (Not Metaghan.) Meteghan Station; post office, Digby county, N.S. (Not Metaghan.) Metford; island, midway between Lima and Miller points, southern coa.st of Digby island, Coast district, B.C. Methuen; reef, south shore Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Methy; lake, south of File lake, Manitoba. (Not Long.) Methye ; lake, portage, and river, northern Sask. (Not La Loche nor Methy.) Metis; lake, point, river, and village, Matane Co., Que. (Not Mitis nor Great Metis.) Metiscan. See Migiskan. Metlakatla; bay and village, Chatham sound, Coast district, B.C. (Not Melta Catla, Metla Catlah, Metlah Catlah, Metla-kathla, Methlakahtla, nor Metla-Katla. Meule (pointe a la) ; point with 2 range lights thereon, west shore of Richelieu river, St. John county. Que. (Not North of Halfway nor Pointe a la Mule.) Michael ; bay and point, south shore of Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Michael ; lake, northwest of Kulleet bay, Vancouver island, B.C. Michael; peak. President range. Rocky ^fts., Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Michael's.) Michagama. See Kitchigama. Michaud; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. Michaud ; creek, west of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Michel; creek, tributary to VAk river, Kootenay district, B.C. Michepasque. See Mispek. Michie; mount, east of lake Marsh, Yukon. Michikamog; lake, northeast of Attawapiskat lake, Patricia district, Ont. Michikenis ; river, east of Wunnummin lake, upper waters of Winisk R., Patricia, Ont. Michikenopik; brook, tributary to Pizu.?tigwan river, upper Winisk R., Patricia, Ont. Michipicoten; harbour, island, river, and village, IManitoulin district, Ont. (Not ^lichipicoton.) Middle; creek, tributary to Tahltan river, Cassiar district, B.C. ■» Middle Fork of Gold creeh. See Caven creek. Middle; mountain, near lower Stikine R., S. of Porcupine creek, Cassiar dist., B.C. Middle; river, Pictou county, N.S. (Not Middle river of Pictou.) Middle Branch of Uighwood river. See Pekisko creek. •I-id—Sh 116 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Middle Branch of West river. See Dalesville river. Middlebrun ; bay, channel, and island, S. entrance to Black B.,Tliunder Bay dist., Ont. Middle Caledonia. See Caledonia. Middle Duck; island, south of Inner Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Middleport. See Tuscarora. Middle Savage; islands, northwest of Pritzler harbour, Hudson strait, N.W.T. (Not _ islands of God's Mercie (eastern). Middleton ; island, at the mouth of Broadback river, Abitibi. territory. Que. Middleton; mount, southeast of lake Evans, Abitibi territory. Que. Middletons. See Eeesor. Midjik; point, on east side of Passamaquoddy bay, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not Midgic, Midjic, nor Mijic bluff.) Midnight; lake, Tp. 52, E. 16, W. 3 M., Saskatchewan. Midway; mining town and railway station, Similkameen district, B.C. Migiskan ; river, flowing westerly from the height of land near sources of St. Maurice river into Shabogama lake. Pontine county, Que. (Not Megisktm, Mekiscan, Metchiskan, nor Metiscan.) Migoacha. See Maguasha. Miguasha. See Maguasha, Mijic. See Midjik. Mikwasach; lake, west of Opemiska lake, Abitibi territory. Que. (Not Wikwasash.) Mildram. See Meldrum. Mildrum. See Meldrum. Mile; island, Brock group, St. Lawrence R. Leeds county, Ont. (Not Huckleberry.) Mile. See Victoria. Miles; canyon, on Lewes river, above Whitehorse rapid, Yukon. Miles; point, Gabriola island, strait of Georgia, B.C. (Not Schooner.) Milk; river, rises in Montana, and crossing the international boundary flows easterly through Alberta, thence southwesterly, recrossing the boundary, into Montana. Mill See Gait. Millar; settlement, Grenville county, Ont. (Not Millar's Corners.) Millar's. See Riall. Millar's Corners. See Millar. Miller; creek, tributary to Sixtymile river, Yukon. Miller; lake, southwest of Williams bay, L. Seul, Kenora district, Ont. Miller; mount, west of Lewes river, Yukon. Miller; point, western entrance point of Robinson cove, Big island, bay of Quinte, Prince Edward county, Ont. (Not Miller's.) Miller; point, southeast coast of Digby island. Coast district, B.C. Mille-Roches ; post village, Stormont county, Ont. Mille-Vaches ; bay, point, and river, Saguenay Co., Que. (Not Saut de Mouton river.) Millie; lake, northeast of Matchimanito lake, Pontiac county. Que. Milliken; post village and railway station, Markham township, York county, Ont. (Not Millikens.) Millstream; river, flowing easterly into Nipisiguit bay, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not Little Nipisiguit nor Nipisiguit Millstream.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Milton; bank, southeast of Wells shoal, Bruce county, Ont. Milton ; island, N. of Wolfe I., St. Lawrence R., Frontenac Co., Ont. (Not Amazon.) Milton; mount, east of Lewes river, Yukon. Milton; point, between Lonely and Lougheed bays, Manitoulin island, Ont. Milton; post office, Shefford county, Que. (Not Milton East.) Milton ; town and railway station, Halton county, Ont. (Not Milton West.) Miltonbrae; post office, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not Milton Brae.) Milton East. See Milton. Milton West. See Milton. Miminegash; river and village, Prince county. Prince Edward Island. (Not Big or North Miminigash, nor Minimegash.) Miminiska; lake, Albany river, Patricia and Thunder Bay districts, Ont. Mimominatik ; brook, emptying into Kapkichi lake, upper Winisk R., Patricia, Ont. Minago; river, emptying into Cross lake, Manitoba. (Not Pine.) Minaret; col. and peak, Sir Sandford range, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Minas ; basin, east arm of the bay of Fundy, Colchester, Cumberland, Hants, and Kings counties, N.S. (Not Basin of Mines nor Mines Basin.) Mindemoya; river, emptying into Providence bay, Manitoulin I., Manitoulin dist., Ont. Mineral; creek and town, north of Caribou creek, Kootenay district, B.C. Miner onte. See Mirond. Miners; range of mountains, near lake Laberge, Yukon. Mines basin. See Minas basin. Minette; bay, Kitimat arm, Coast district, B.C. Minimegash. See Miminegash. Minimegash. See Roseville. Ministik; lake, in Tp. 50, R. 21, W. 4th M., Alberta. Ministikwan; lake, west of Makwa lake, central Sask. (Not Little Island lake.) Minitonas; creek, hill, post office, and railway station, western Manitoba. Mink; reef, Manitoulin island, northwest of Steevens island, Manitoulin district, Ont Mink. See Ninette. Minnaweiskag; lake, N. Manitou L., Kenora dist., Ont. (Not Kaminnaweiskagwok.) Minnedosa; river, tributary to Assiniboine river, western Manitoba (Not Little Saskatchewan nor Rapid.) Minnehaha; lake, north of Peak lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Kiskopkechewans.) Minnesabik; lake, south of Separation lake, Kenora district, Ont. Minnewakan; post village, Posen municipality, Manitoba. Minnewanka; lake, in the Rocky Mountains park. Alberta. (Not Devil's Head.) Minnie Bell ; creek, tributary to Flat creek, Klondike river, Yukon. Minnikau; river, east of Minnitaki lake, Kenora district, Ont. Minnitaki; lake and railway station, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Minnietakie.) Mint; creek, branch of Hunker creek, Klondike river, Yukon. Minto; mount, west of Atlin lake, near north end, Cassiar district, B.C. Miquelon ; lake, in Tp. 49, Rs. 20 and 21, W. 4th M., Alberta. Miramichi; bay and river, Northumberland county, N.B. (Not Mirimichi.) Mire. See Shunda. ' Mirimichi. See Miramichi. 118 - DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Miron; lake, headwaters of Sturgeon-weir river, eastern Saskatchewan. (Not Heron, Merion, Mineronte, nor Stone.) Mirror; lake, west of lake Louise, Alberta. Misamikwash ; lake, west of Wunnummin lake, upper waters of Winisk river, Patricia district, Ont. ."Miscou ; island, harbour, point, Gloucester Co., N.B. (Not Miscow, Mya, nor N. Mya.) Misener. See Meisner. Misery; bay and point, south shore Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Mishagomish ; lake, east of lake Evans, Abitibi territory, Que. Mishomis; lake, southwest of Grand lake Victoria, Timiskaming county. Que. Misinabi. See Missinaibi. Miskatla; Indian village, Douglas channel, opposite Maitland island. Coast district, B.C. CNot Mis-ka-tla.) Miskittenau; lake, at headwaters of Rupert river, Mistassini territoiy, Que. Misko; creek, tributary to Ottertail R., Rocky Mts., Kootenay dist.,B.C. (NotMescoh.) Miskwabi ; lake, Dudley township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Mis-quah-be- nish.) Mispec. See Mispek. MispecJe. See Mispek. Mispek; post settlement and river, St. John county, N.B. (Not Maspeck, ]\riche- pasque, Mispec, Mispeck, Misshapec nor Mizpeck.) Jeffery's map of 1755 has * Mispek.' Mis-quah-he-nish. See Miskwabi. Missaguash; river, emptying into Cumberland bay, Westmorland county, N.B. (Not Misseguash, Missiguash, nor Missiquash.) Missanahie. See Missinaibi. Missawawi; lake, south of L. LaBiche, central Alberta. (Not Big Egg.) Misseguash. See Missaguash. Misshapec. See Mispek. Missiguash. See Missaguash. Missinaibi; lake and railway station, Algoma district, also river flowing from the lake into Moose river, Algoma and Timiskaming districts, Ont. (Not Misinabi nor Missanabie.) Missinnippi. See Churchill 3V[ission; bay, and channel (southern) of Kaministikwia river. Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Mission river.) rMission ; mountain, Tsimpsean peninsula, W. of Prince Rupert har.. Coast dist., B.C. Mission; pass, between Bridge river and Seton lake, Lillooet district, B.C. Missipisew; river, tributary to Grass river, Manitoba. Missiquash. See Missaguash. Mississagi; bay, island, river, and strait, at north end of lalce Huron, Algoma and Manitoulin districts, Ont. (Not Mississauga.) Mississagua; brook and lake, Peterborough county, Ont. (Not Gull lake.) Mist: creek and mountain. Misty range, southern Alberta. IMi&ta; a peak of the Valkyr mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. lljlistalce'; mountain, northwest of L. Laberge, Yukon. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Mistassibi; river, tributary to Mistassini river, Lake St. John county, Que. (Not Muskosibi.) Reversal of previous decision. Mistassini; lake, Mistassini territory. Que. Mistassinis. See Albanel. Mistawak; lake, W. of Harricanaw R., Abitibi, Que. (Not Mistewak nor Mistowak.) Mistaya; river, at headwaters of Saskatchewan river, Alta, (Not Little Fork of the Saskatchewan nor Bear creek.) Mistigouche. See Mistikus. Mistigougeche. See Mistikus. Mistikus; lake, Rimouski county. Que. (Not Mistigouche nor Mistigougeche.) 'Misty; range of mountains, northwest of Highwood range, southern Alberta. Mitchell; bay and point, L. St. Clair, Kent county, Ont. (Not Mitchell's.) Mitchell Bay; post village, Kent county, Ont. (Not Mitchell's Bay.) Mitchell; range of mountains, east of Kootenay river, Kootenay district, B.C. Mitchinamekus ; lake and river, headwaters of Lievre river, Berthier, Champlain, Mas- kinonge, and St. Maurice counties. Que. (Not Mashamengoose, Mejomanguse, nor Menjobaguse.) Mitis. See Metis. Mitishto; river, tributary to Grass river, below Wekusko lake, Manitoba. Mizpech. See Mispek. Moberly; creek, west of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Moberly; lake and river, tributary to Peace R., Cariboo, B.C. (Not Moberley.) Moberly; mount, east of Athabaska river, 17 miles above mouth of Whirlpool river, western Alberta. Moberly; peak, and railway station, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Mohawk; post settlement and railway station. Brant Co., Ont. (Not Mt. Pleasant.) Moira; river, emptying into the bay of Quinte, near Belleville, Hastings county, Qnt. Moisie ; bay, point, river, rock, and shoal, Saguenay Co., Que. (Not Moisi nor Moisic.) Mokowan; butte, east of Belly river, southern Alberta. (Not Belly.) Mokwawastuk ; lake, at headwaters of Marten river, Mistassini territory. Que. (Not Mokwahwastuk.) Molar; mountain, northeast of mount Hector, Rocky mountains. Alberta. Molesworth. See Lois. Moloch; mount, southeast of Mt. Holway, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Mollis; river, tributary to Richibucto river, Kent county, N.B. (Not Moulie's.) Momozekel. See Mamozekel. Monckland; post village and railway station, Stormont county, Ont. (Not Monck- lands, Monklands, nor Moncklands Station P.O.) Mondonak; lake and river, upper waters of Manuan river, Champlain county. Que. Monell; reef, at entrance to Wood bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Money; point, on the southerly portion of Hawkesbury island. Coast district, B.C. Mongus; lake, near Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Monk; lake, Cardiff township, Haliburton county, Ont. MonJdands. See Monckland. Monmouth; lake, Monmouth township, Haliburton county, Ont. 120 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Monquart; river, tributary to St. John river, Carleton county, N.B. (Not Manquart nor Munquart.) Monroe ; creek and lake, near Moyie lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Monson ; mount, west of Lewes river, Yukon. Montague; lake, Tp. 6, E. 29, W. 2 M., Saskatchewan. Monte; creek, hills, and lake, south of Ducks station, Kamloops district, B.C. Monts (pointe des) ; point, Saguenay county, Que. See also Pointe-des-Monts. Monsomshi; lake, on Severn river, Patricia, Ont. (Not Mon-som-shi-pin-net.) Montague; lake, Skead township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Montague ; village. Kings county. Prince Edward Island. (Not Montague Bridge.) Montana; creek, tributary to Yukon river, above Dawson, Yukon. Montebello; railway station and village, Ottawa county, Que. (Not Monte Bello.) Montee-du-Lac ; cove and landing, on the St. Lawrence, west of Cap Brule, also road leading from thence to St. Joachim lakes, Montmorency county, Que. Montee du Lac. See Cap Brule. Montgomery. See McCoy. Montgomery. See Young. Mont-Laurier ; parish, post office, aaid railway station, Labelle county. Que. (Not Mont Laurier.) Montreal ; channel, west of Edward island and south of entrance to Black bay, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Montreal; lake and river, south of Churchill river, central Sask. (Not Rapid river.) Montreal; river, flowing southeasterly into lake Timiskaming, Ont. Montrose; cape, Markham bay, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Monumental; island, southeast of Clements Land, N.W.T. Moody; point, Boxer reach. Coast district, B.C. Moonshine. See UphiU. Moore; lake, Lutterworth township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Moore's.) Moore; point, southerly coast of Digby island. Coast district, B.C. Moore; post village, Lambton county, Ont. (Not Mooretown.) Moore ; rock, Blunden harbour, Queen Charlotte sound. Coast district, B.C. Moose; creek, tributary to Fortymile river, near international boundary, Yukon. Moose; island, Fisher bay, lake Winnipeg, Manitoba. Moose; lake, north of Cedar lake, Manitoba. Moose; lake and portage, on international boundary. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Moose ; mountain, also Moose Mountain creek and post office, southeastern Sask. Moose. See Bonald. Moose. See Fawcett. Moosehide ; creek and mountains, near mouth of Klondike river, Yukon. Moosehorn; bay and lakes, east shore of L. Manitoba, Man. (Not Moose Horn.) Moosehorn; lake, west of Grand lake Victoria, Timiskaming county. Que. Moose jaw; creek and city, Sask. (Not Moose Jaw.) Mooshaulagan. See Mushalagan. Mooyie. See Moyie. Moraine ; lake, south of mount Temple, Alberta. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA l21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Moran. See Moras. Moras; island, at mouth of Nicolet river, Nicolet county. Que. (Not Moran.) Moreau; islet, southern of 3 rocky islets in the St. Lawrence, off St. Germain, Kamouraska county. Que . . - Morgan; lake, south of Silver lake, Kenora district, Ont. Morice ; lake and river, tributary to Bulkley river, Coast district, B.C. (Not Morrice.) Moricetown; village, on Bulkley river. Coast district, B.C. (Not Morricetown.) Morien; bay and cape, in the northeasterly portion of Cape Breton county, N.S. (Not Cow nor Murgin.) Morien Bay (village). See Port Morien. Morin; creek, flowing northeasterly into Meadow creek, central Sask. (Not Bear.) Morin; shoal, centre of channel about 8 miles above Hare island, St. Lawrence river. Que. Morley; river, emptying into Teslin lake, Yukon. Morrice. See Morice. Morricetown. See Moricetown. Morris; lake, Tp. 17, E. 1, E. P.:^^., Manitoba. (Not Norris.) Morris; river, tributary to Ked river, Man. (Not Boyne, lie de Bois nor Scratching.) Morris; town, in southern Manitoba. Morrison; mount, on Yukon river, near international boundary, Yukon. Morrissey; town, creek, and ridge, soutli of Fernie, Kootenay district, B.C. Morse; basin, east of Kaien island. Coast district, B.C. Morse; creek. Prince Rupert, Coast district, B.C. Morse; mount, south of Tuck inlet. Coast district, B.C. Moresby; island and passage, in the north end of Haro strait, B.C. Moses Gates; cape, Charles island, Hudson strait. New Quebec. Mosher; creek and ridge, west of Beaverhill creek, Similkameen district, B.C. Mosher; island and point, E. side St. Margaret bay, Halifax Co., N.S. (Not Grampus.) Mosquito; creek, tributary to Bonanza creek, Yukon. Mosquito. See Arrowpark. Mossy; river, flowing from Dauphin lake to lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba. Mouat; channel and reef, off southeast point of Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Mouatt.) Mouat ; islands, off S.W. coast of Texada I., New Westminster dist., B.C. (Not Mouatt.) Mouat; point, W. point of Pender I., New Westminster dist., B.C. (Not Mouatt.) Mouat; rock, in Gol:tas channel, northern coast of Vancouver L, B.C. (Not Mouatt.) Mouatt. See Mouat, Mouchalagan. See 7/Iushalagan. Mouile. See Mouillee. Mouille. See Mouillee. Moulie's. See Molus. Mouillee ; point, in St. Lawrence R., Glengarry Co., Ont. (Not Mouile nor Mouille.) Mountain; lake, southwest of lake Lindeman, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Long lake.) Mountain; lake on international boundary. Thunder bay district, Ont. Mountain. See CDliff. Mountain. See Liard. 122 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Mountain. See Watehi. Mount Johnson; post office and railway station, Iberville Co., Que. (Not St. Gregoire.) Mt. Pleasant. See Mohawk. Mourier; lake, Desroberts township, Timiskaming, Que. (Not Wikwaskapauk.) Mouse. See Maus. Mowat; mount, about three miles north of Grant Brook station G.T.P.R., Cariboo district, B.C. Movie ; lake, river, and town, in S.W. portion of Kootenay dist., B.C. (Not Mooyie.) Muchalat; arm, the eastern arm of Nootka soimd, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Guaquina.) Muchalat; lake and river, headwaters of Gold river, Nootka district, Vancouver island, B.C. Muchuya; creek, tributary to Kakuehuya river, Cassiar district, B.C. Mud ; glacier, northeast of mount Purity, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Mud. See Bayfield. Mud. See Chilako. Mud. See Gillies. Mud. See Kabagukski. Mud. See Kikomun. Mud. See Mance. Mud. See Kose. Muddy. See Pikitigushi. Muddy Water. See Apeganau. Mudge; island, between Gabriola and Vancouver islands, B.C. Mudie; lake, south of Beaver river and north of Ministikwan lake, central Sask. Mudjatik; river, tributary to Churchill river, north of Be a la Crosse, Sask. (Not Caribou nor Mudjatick.) Muhigan; river, emptying into Sipiwesk lake, Man. (Not Wolf nor Wolf Band.) Muirkirk; railway station and village, Oxford Tp., Kent Co., O. (Not Muir Kirk.) Muir; creek, flowing into Juan de Fuca strait, also mountain, Vancouver island, B.C. Mukoman; river, tributary to Churchill river, Saskatchewan. Mulcaster; island, Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Sugar.) Muldrew; lakes (2), west of Gravenhurst, Mtiskoka district, Ont. (Not Leg lake nor Kice lake.) Mulholland; point, Campobello island, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not Mulholland's, Meholland, nor MehoUan.). Mulvey; creek, tributary to Slocan river, Kootenay district, B.C. Mumm; peak, north of E-obson pass. Rocky mountains, Cariboo district, B.C. Mummery; mountain, west of Blaeberry river, Rocky Mts., Kootetay district, B.C. Munosahn. See Manasan. Munquart. See Monquart. Munro; creek, emptying into Gladjrs lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Munro ; mount, east of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Munro; point, St. Ann harbour, Victoria county, N.S. (Not Munroe nor Munro's.) Munroe Mills ; post office, Glengarry Co., Ont. (Not Munro's Mills nor Munroe's Mills.) Murchison; cape, southeast end of Brevoort island. N.W.T. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Murchison; island, L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Murchison's.) MurcMson ; mount, also icefield, east of Mistaya river, Kocky mountains, Alta. Murgin. See Morien. Muriel; lake, Tps. 59 and 60, R. 5, W. 4 M., eastern Alberta. Murphy; harbour and point, south shore of Manitoulin I., Manitoulin district, Ont. Murphy; lakes, north of Tulameen river, Yale district, B.C. (Not Eagle nor Fish.) Murray Bay (Eng. usage), Malbaie (Fr. usage) ; village, Charlevoix county, Que. (Not Mai Bay, Malbay, nor Malbaye.) Murray ; canal, in Murray and Brighton townships, connecting the bay of Quinte with Presqu'ile bay, Northumberland county, Ont. Murray; creek, tributary to Sutherland river, south of Lesser Slave lake, central Alta. Murray; island, St. Lawrence river, below Brockville, Leeds county, Ont. Murray; island, Cold lake, central Alberta and Saskatchewan. Murray; lake, east of Jackfish lake, central Saskatchewan. Murray; point, Markham bay, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Murray; reef, southwest of Dead island, also rocks south of Dead island, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay. Parry Sound district, Ont. Murray; river, tributary to the St. Lawrence, Charlevoix county. Que. French usage: Malbaie (riviere), which see. Murtle; lake and river, tributaiy to Clearwater river, Kamloops district, B.C. (Not Myrtle.) Muscote; bay, off Big bay, S.W. side of the bay of Quinte, Prince Edward Co., Ont. Mushalagan; lake, Saguenay county. Que. (Not Mooshaulagan nor Mouchalagan.) MvsJionga. See Pemichangan. Muskiki; lake, north of Dana, Saskatchewan. (Not Houghton.) Muskoka; lake and river, Muskoka district, Ont. Mushosihi. See Mistassibi. MusTcrat. See Manigotagan. Muskwaro; point and river, Saguenay county, Que. (Not Musquarro.) Muskwesi; river, flowing into north end of Southern Indian lake, Sask. Mussen; mount, near southern end of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Mutchmore; point, south shore Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Mya; point, Shippigan island, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not South Mya.) Mya. See Miscou. Myers; island, southwest of Lynedoch island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Myers ; point, Sidney township, Hastings county, Ont. Myles; shoal, opposite Kingston, Frontenac county, Ont. (Not Royal George.) JHYXQ.) cove and island. Blind bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Myra's.) Myrtle. See Murtle. Mystery; lake, southwest of Cliff lake, Kenora district, Ont. N Na-a-ma. See Nemaia. Naas. See Nass. Nahesipi. See Nabisipi. 124 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Nabesippi. See Nabisipi. Nabisipi; river, north shore guK of St. Lawrence, Sa^enay county, Que. (Not Na- besipi nor Nabesippi.) Nacawicac. See Nackawic. Nackawic; river and village, York county, N.B. (Not Nacawicac nor Nackawick.) Nadahini; river, tributary to Chilkat river, Cassiar district, B.C. Nadina; mountain, and river flowing into Francois lake from the west, Coast district, B.C. (Not Nadinaka river nor Nadinako river.) Nahlin; river, tributary to Inklin river, Cassair district, B.C. Nahoni; mountains, also lakes (upper, lower and middle), at headwaters of Vorcupine river, Yukon. (Not Nahone.) Nainlin; brook, tributary to lower Gravel river, Mackenzie, N.W.T. Najan; river, tributary to St. Maurice river, above Manuan river, Champlain Co., Que. Najualand. See Najwalwank. Najwalwank; lake, Quebec county, Que. (Not Kajoualwang nor Najualand.) Nakimu; caves, in valley of Cougar creek, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Nakina; river, tributary to Taku river, Cassiar district, B.C. Nakonake ; river, tributary to Sloko river, Cassiar district, B.C. Nakusp ; creek, railway terminus, and town, east side of Upi)er Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Na-Kusp.) Nalta. See Eraser Naltesby; lake, on telegraph trail, N. of Chilako K., Cariboo dist., B.C. (Not Bobtail.) Namaka; lake, post office, and railway station, southern Alberta. Namakan; lake, S.E. of Eainy L. Int. boundary, Rainy E. dist., Ont. (Not Nameukan.) Namawash; lake, upper Ottawa R., N.W. of Grand L. Victoria, Timiskaming, Que. Namego; lake, south of Separation lake, Kenora district, Ont. Namegos; lake, south of Matchimanito lake, Montcalm Co., Que. (Not Nemegos.) Namegosis; lake, south of Matchimanito lake, Montcalm Co., Que. (Not Nemegosis.) Nameiben; lake, north of Kagianagami lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Nameins; rapids, upper Winisk river, Patricia district, Ont. Nameukan. See Namakan. Namew; lake, northeast of Cumberland lake, Sask. (Not Sturgeon.) Namiska. See Nemiskau. Namoukan. See LaCroix. Nanaimo; hirbour, river, and town, Vancouver island. B.C. Nankika; lake, northwest of Attawapiskat lake, Patricia district, Ont. Nankivell; islands, Blunden harbour. Queen Charlotte sound, Coast district, B.C. Nankivell; point in Nanoose harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Napetipi; river, north shore gulf of St. Lawrence, Saguenay county, Que. Narchilla; brook, emptying into McPherson lake, Yukon. Nares; lakes between Bennett and Tagish lakes, Yukon. Nares ; mount, east of north end of Bennett lake, Yukon. Nares; point, Departure bay, east coast of Vancoiiver island, B.C. (Not Boulder.) Narrow. See Bagot. Narrow. See Wallace. Nasoga; gulf, eastern side of Portland inlet, Coast district, B.C. (Not Nasoka.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Nass; bay and river, north of Skeena river, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Naas, Nasse, nor Naas harbour.) Natashkwan; harbour, point, and river, Saguenay county, Que. (Not Englishman's nor Natashquan nor Little Natashquan harbour.) Natchipotchi ; lake, at head of Etchipotchi E., Abitibi, Que. (Not Natchipoishi.) Nation. See Petite Nation. Nation. See South Nation. Natla; river, tributary to Gravel river, N.W.T. Naufragc. See Refuge. Naumulten; mountain, east of head of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Nauyats; island, southeast shore Ungava bay. New Quebec. Navy; group of islands, St. Lawrence river, below Gananoque, Leeds county, Ont. Navy; island, Bedford basin, Halifax harbour, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Stephens nor Stevens.) Nawapitechin. See Villemontel. Neal. See Neil. Neale; lake, northeast of Lloydminster, Saskatchewan. Nechako; river, tributary to Eraser river. Cariboo and Coast districts, B.C. (Not Nechaco nor Nechacco.) Nechigona; lake, at headwaters of Berens river, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Hair.) Neck; point, north entrance to Hammond bay, S.E. coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Nedluk; lake, west of Ivoksoak river, New Quebec. Needle; mountain, between the " big bends " of Watson and Wheaton rivers, Yukon, Needles Eye; island. Brock group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Negik; lake, south of Churchill river and east of Pelican narrows, Saskatchewan. Negro; cape, the southeast extreme of Cape Negro island, Shelburne county, N.S. Negro; harbour, Shelburne county, N.S. Negro (island). See Cape Negro (island). Neil; harbour, Cape Breton county, N.S. (Not Neal, Neals, nor Neil's.) Neilson; island, southeast of Stone island, Clayoquot sound, Vancouver island, B.C. Nelles ; post office, Haldimand county, Ont. (Not Nelles Corners nor Nelles' Corner.) Nelles Corners. See Nelles. Nello; river, headwaters Ivlondike river, Yukon. Nelly; point, on the northwest portion of Princess Royal island. Coast district, B.C. Nelson; lake, on Churchill river, Manitoba. Nelson; lake, west of Edgar lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Nelson; mount, at head of Clearwater and Hammond creeks, west of Windermere lake, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Hammond.) Nelson; river, flowing from lake Winnipeg into Hudson bay, Manitoba The two channels by which it drains the lake are East channel and West channel. (Not East river and West river.) Nelson. See Fort Nelson. Nemaia; lake and valley, northeast of Chilko lake. Coast and Lillooet districts, B.C. (Not Na-a-ma.) Nemegos. See Namegos. Nemegosis. See Namegosis. 126 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Nemei; river, tributary to Churcliill E., below Reindeer R., Sask. (Not Sturgeon.) Nemeiben; bay, lake, and river, L. LaRonge, Saskatchewan. Nemeibennuk; lake, W. of Anzhekumming L., Kenora district, Ont. (Not Sucker.) Nemeigusabins ; lake, near tbe upper waters of Winisk river, Patricia, Ont. Nemikachi; lake, near the upper waters of Lievre river, Maskinonge county, Que. (Not Nemicacbingue.) Nemiskau; lake, expansion of Rupert river, Mistassini, Que. (Not Namiska.) Nemo; creek, west of Slocan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Ne-na-tik-go. See Ninatigo. Nepigon. See Nipigon. , Nepihjee. See Leaf. Nepisiguit. See Nipisiguit. Nepopekum; creek, tributary to Skagit river, Yale district, B.C. Neptuak; mountain, northwest of Deltafonn mountain, Rocky mountains. Alberta, and Kootenay, B.C. Neptune Head; point, at entrance to Stupart bay, Hudson strait. New Quebec. Nequaqon. See LaCr.oix. Nesto. See Hippa. Neston; lake, west of lake Devizes, Thunder Bay district, Ont . Net ; lake, Cassels and Strathy tOAvnships, Nipissing district. Ont. Netley; creek and lake, south of lake Winnipeg, Man. (Not Nettly nor Nipuwin.) Netley; island. Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Net Setting. See Setting. Neutral; hills, west of Sounding lake, southeastern Alberta. Nevin; mount, west of Hendon river, Cassiar district, B.C. and Yulcon. Newagama; lake, southeast of Abitibi lake, Timiskaming county. Que. Newburg; post village and Ry. station, Carleton Co., N.B. (Not Newburg Junction.) Newhurg Junction. See Newburg. New Canaan; post office. Kings county, N.S. (Not Canaan.) Newell; sound, southwest shore of Frobisher bay, N.W.T. (Not Kangerflung.) New Galloway. See Galloway. New Galway. See Galloway. New Liskeard. See Liskeard. Newman; peak, Tp. 3, R. 1, W. 5 M., southern Alberta. (Not Newman's.) Newmarket; post village, York county, N.B. (Not New Market.) New Richmond; lightstation, township, and village, Bonaventure county. Que. (Not Riclimond.) Newton; fiord, Frobisher bay, N.W.T. (Not Tornait.) Newton. See Newtown. Newtown; village. Kings county, N.B. Newtown; village, Guysborough county, N.S. (Not Newton nor New To^vn.) New Wiltshire. See Wiltshire. New Zealand; creek, tributary to Indian river, Yukon. Niagara; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Niagara. See Grossman. Nibinamik; lake, southwest of Wapikopa lake, upper Winisk river, Patricia, Ont. GEUGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Niblock; mount, also pass, northeast of Popes peak, Alberta. Nicholas; islets, northeast of Vansittart island, Queen Charlotte sound, Coast district, B.C. (Not Nicolas.) NicTcadow. See Nigadu. Nicoamen; plateau and river, Kamloops district, B.C. (Not Nicomen.) Nicol; lake, Lorrain township, Timiskaming district, Ont, Nicola; lake, mountain, plateau, post office, railway station, valley, and river, Kam- loops district, B.C. "^ Upper Nicola,'" applied to that portion of the river east of Nicola lake, to be dropped. Nicolas. See Nicholas. Nictau; village, at the forks of Tobique river, Victoria county, N.B. Nictor; lake, headwaters of Tobique river, Eestigouche county, N.B. Nictor. See Tobique. Niddery ; islands, northeast of Lynedoch island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Nidhe; brook, tributary to Gravel river, above Ekwi river, N.W.T. Nigadu ; river and village, Gloucester Co., N.B. (Not Nickadow, Nigado nor Nigadoo.) Niganishe. See Ingonish. Nigei; island, near northwest end of Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Galiano.) To avoid duplication. See Galiano island, strait of Georgia. Nigger; island, between Belleville and Trenton; Hastings county, Ont. Nigger; narrows, bay of Quinte, Hastings county, Ont. (Not Nigger island narrows.) Nikabau ; lake and river, headwaters of Ashuapmuchuan river, Chicoutimi county, Que. Nikanassin; range of mountains, extending from the upper end of Brule lake on Atha- baska river to the north branch of Brazeau river, Alberta. Niles; mount, southeast of mount Balfour, Kootenay district, B.C. Nimpkish; lake and river, in northwest portion of Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Kar- mutsen lake nor Kla-anch river.) Nimrod; lake, southwest of Bakado lake, Kenora district, Ont. Ninatigo; lake, Stanhope township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not Ne-na-tik-go.) Ninemile; point, also Ninemile Point lightstation, southwest end of Simcoe island, Frontenac county, Ont. (Not Gage.) Ninette ; island. Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Mink.) Niord; mountain, west of Slocan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Nipigon; bay, lake, river, and railway station. Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Nepi- gon nor Neepigon.) Nipisiguit; lake and river, emptying into the bay of same name, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not Nepisiguit, Nipisiquit, nor Nipisghit.) Nipisiguit Millstream. See Millstream river. Nipmenanni; river, a tributary of Shoshokwan river, upi>er Ottawa, Pontiac county, Que. (Not Nipmenane.) Nipple; mountain, east of Frances lake, Yukon. Nipukatasi; river, emptying into Kenoniska lake, southeast of lake Evans, Abitibi, territory, Que. (Not Nipukatase.) Nipuwin. See Netley. Nisconlith. See Niskonlith. Nishainlith. See Niskonlith. 128 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 NisJcitogisew. See Kiskittogisu. Niskonlith; Indian reserve, lake, and river, southwest of Little Shuswap lake, Kam- loops district, B.C. (Not Nisconlith nor Niskainlith.) Nisling ; river, tributary to Wliite river, east of Wellesley lakS, Yukon. (Not Tahte.) Nistowasis. See Threepoint. NisTitlin; river, emptying into Teslin lake, Yukon. Nith; river, flowing into Grand river. Brant, Oxford and Waterloo counties, Ont. (Not Smith's creek.) Niut; range of mountains, on the western side of Tatlayoko lake, Ooast district, B.C. Nixon. See Towincut. NoddUwai. See Nottaway. Nodway. See Nottaway. Noel; harbour, Crooks inlet, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Noel. See Nowell. Nogold ; creek, tributary to Stewart river, Yukon. Nohomin; creek and Indian reserve, near Lytton, Kamloops and Yale districts, B.C. (Not No-ho-meen.) Noire (riviere) ; river, flowing into the St. Lawrence below St. Simeon, Charlevoix Co., Que. Noix (lie aux) ; island, Richelieu river, St. Johns county. Que. (Not Fort Lennox.), Nolin; island, at junction of Attawapiskat and Boulder rivers, Patricia, Ont. Nomining; lake, post ofiice, and railway station, Ottawa Co., Que. (Not Nominingue.) Nonwatin; lake and river, tributary to Black Sturgeon river, south of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Nonwatan.) Nonwatinose ; lake, on Black Sturgeon E., S. of L. Nipigon, Thunder B. district, Ont. Noolki. See Nulki. Noores. See Bath. Norhury; lakes (2), east of Fenwicks station, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Fish|) Nordegg; river, tributary to Brazeau river, central Alberta. (Not Little Brazeau.) Nordenskiold ; river, tributary to Lewes river, Yukon. Noms; mountains, southeast of Airy mountain, Kootenay district, B.C. Norquay; mount, northwest of Banff, Alberta. N orris. See Morris. Norse; lake, north of Rosamond lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Nurse.) North; bay, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. North ; channel, between Manitoulin I. and N. shore of L. Huron, Manitoulin dist., Ont. North; lake, on international boundary. Thunder Bay district. Out. North; lake, Harburn township, Haliburton county, Ont. North See Gladys. North. See Hall. North. See Langara. North. See Old Factory. North Albert; peak, northwest of Albert peak, Selkirk Mts. Kootenay district, B.C. North Antler. See Gainsborough. North Corner. See Norths. North Cornwall. See Cornwall. GEOGRAPDIC BOARD OF CANADA 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d North Devon. See Devon. North Duck; river, flowing easterly ^nd northerly to Duck bay, lake Winnipognsis, Man. (Not Duck Eiver North.) North Branch (Kicking Horse river). See Amiskwi river. Northeast; bay, Shabogama lake, Abitibi territory, Que. Northfield. See Hennigar, North Foreland. See Long. North Foreland. See Queen Elizabeth. North Fork; pass, ^Y05t of Gould Dome mountain, Alta. and Kootenay district, B.C. North Fork. See Yoho. Xorfh Fori- (Michel creek). See Alexander creek. North Fowl; lake, on international boundary, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Hen.) North Head; harbour, port of entry, and village, on northern portion of Grand Manan island, Charlotte co^unty, N.B. (Not Flag, Flag's or Flagg's cove, Grand Manan harbour, nor North Road village.) North Heart; river, tributary to Peace river, below Smoky river, Alberta. North Kootenay; pass, in the Eocky mountains, near the headwaters of Flathead river, Alta. and Kootenay district, B.C. North Lincoln. See Ellesraere. North Lizard. See Rowe. North Mya. See Miscou. North Nation. See Petite Nation. North of Halfway. See Meule. North Peak. See Garibaldi hill. North Porpoise. See Ridley. Northport ; shoal and village, Sophiasburg township. Prince Edward county, Ont. North Pioad. See North Head. North Rustico; lightstation and post village, Queens Co., P.E.I. (Not Grand Rustico.) Norths; post village. Kings county, N.S. (Not North Corner.) North Skeena. See Inverness. North Somerset. See Somerset. North Star; hill, north of St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Northumberland; channel, between Gabriola and Vancouver islands, B.C. Northumberland. See Cumberland. North Vermilion; settlement, on north side of Peace river. Alberta. Northwest Angle; also Northwest Angle inlet, Lake of the Woods, international boundary, Man., Ont. and U.S. North Wiltshire. See Wiltshire. North Wind; lake, southeast of Humboldt bay, lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not North Wing.) Norway; island, northeast of Kuper island, southeast coast of Vancouver I., B.C. Nose. See Ribstone. Notre-Dame-des-Laurentides ; parish, Quebec county, Que. Notre-Dame-du-Portage ; post village, Temiscouata county. Que. 25 Powingow. See Ogani. Prairies (riviere des) ; river, separating, Laval county from Hochelaga and Jacques Cartier counties. Que. (Not Back river.) See also Riviere-des-Prairies. Pratt; island and reef, southeast of Dead island, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay. Parry Sound district, Ont. Prejevalsky; point, Bennett lake, Yukon. (Not Prejevalski.) Presbyterian; river, tributary to Leather river, eastern Saskatchewan. Present. See Larder. President; range of mountains and pass, west of Yoho valley, Rocky mountains, Xootenay district, B.C. (Not Emerald.) So named for the president of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. See also ' The President.' President. See Larder. Presqu'ile; bay, peninsula and point, near S.E. corner of Northumberland Co., Ont. Presquile; river, tributary to St. John river, Carleton county, N.B. (Not Presqu'ile.) Prevost; canyon, also river tributary to Ross river, Yukon. Prevost; island, off the west end of Active pass, strait of Georgia, B.C. Prevost; mount, east of Carboro bay, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Prevost. See Kunghit. Priam; lake, west of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Price; township, Frontenac county. Que. Prim; point, at entrance to Annapolis basin, Digby county, N.S. (Not-Rogers.) Primeau; lake, an expansion of Churchill river, Sask. (Not Pelican.) Primrose ; lake, north of Cold lake, central Alberta and Saskatchewan. (Not Goose.) Prince Albert; peninsula, northwesterly portion of Victoria island, N.W.T. (Not Prince Arthur Land.) Prince Albert Land. See Victoria island. Prince Alfred; island, Brock group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Prince Arthur Land. See Prince Albert peninsula. Prince, Edward ; bay and point. Prince Edward county, Ont. (Not South bay nor South Bay point.) Prince Edward. See Peel. Prince Henry Foreland. See Hopes Advance. Prince of Wales. See Wales. Prince of Wales; island, northwest of Boothia peninsula, Franklin. Prince Patrick; island, north of Banl\s island, N.W.T. Prince Regent; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Little Stave nor McDonald's.) Prince Regent. See Penitentiary. Prince Rupert; harbour, and Trans. Ry. terminus, Kaien island, Coast district, B.C. Princess Charlotte; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. 146 DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Princetown; village, Prince county, P.E.T. (Not Prince Town.) Pritzler; harbour, N. shore Hudson strait, N.W.T. (Not Pritzler's nor Jackman sound.) Privateer; mountain, N.E. of Blackwater range of the Eockies, Kootenay dist., B.C. Procter; creek and settlement, south of Balfour, Kootenay dist., B.C. (Not Proctor.) Promise; island, at the entrance to Douglas channel, Coast district, B.C. Protection; island, east of Nanaimo harbour, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Douglas.) Protection; mountain, east of Baker creek. Rocky mountains, Alberta. Proud-sitting; lake, at headwaters of St. Maurice river, Champlain county, Que. Providence; bay and point, south shore Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Provoking; lake, in Algonquin National park, Nipissing district, Ont. Pruden; bay, in south end of lake Winnipeg, Manitoba. (Not Pruden's.) Prud'homme ; lake, northeast of Eib lake, Timiskaming district, Ont. Psyche; island. Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont, Ptarmigan ; creek, flowing into a large lake of the Pelly group, Yukon. Ptarmigan; lake and peak, northeast of Laggan, Eocky mountains. Alberta. Ptarmigan. See Titkana. Puce ; post village, also riviere aux Puces, Essex county, Ont. Pudding; bum, tributary to St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Puellering. See Pelerin. Pugh ; peak, northwest of the " big bend " of Wheaton river, southern Yukon. PuJce-lowogein. See Setting. Pukkatawagan ; lake and river, Churchill river, Manitoba. (Not Pokkattawagan. nor Puk-a-ta-wa-gan.) Pulpit; peak, south of Turquoise lake, Eocky mountains. Alberta. Pulpwood; point, southwestern side of Cockburn island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Pulsatilla; mountain, southeast of mount Avens, Eocky mountains. Alberta. Pulteney; point, southwestern extreme of Malcolm island, at entrance to Broughton strait, Coast district, B.C. (Not Graeme.) This is the point on which stands the lighthouse established in 1905. Pulton; bay and point, south shore of Okisollo channel. Coast district, B.C. Punichuan: bay, in the southern end of Mistassini lake, Mistassini territory, Que. Punk; island, 3 m. S.E. Grindstone Pt., L. Winnipeg, Man. (Not Deer nor Eeindeer.) Punk. See Deer. , Purity; glacier and mountain, Selkirk mountains, B.C. (Not Lardo glacier.) Purvis; bank, northwest of Greene island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Puskitamika; lake, south of Waswanipi lake, Abitibi territory, Que. Puslinch; lake, post village, Ey. sta., and Tp. Wellington Co., Ont. (Not Schaw sta.) Pyramid ; creek, tributary to St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Pyramid; mountain, north of mount Grey, southern Yukon. Q ftuaco; bay, head, ledge, and shoal, St. John county, N.B. Quaco. See St. Martins. Quadacha. See Kwadacha. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Quadra; hill, Galiano island, strait of Georgia, B.C. Quadra; island, between Discovery passage and OkisoUo channel. Coast district, B.C The southern portion of what was formerly Valdes island. Quamichan ; lake and river, tributary to Cowichan river, Vancouver island, B.C. Qnaneca. See Kwadacha. Qu'Appelle; lake, an expansion of Qu'Appelle river, Sask., the western in the chain of the " Fishing lakes '' — which see. (Not Upper Fishing.) Qu'Appelle; river, flowing easterly into the Assiniboine, southern Manitoba and Saskatchewan, also town in southern Saskatchewan. Quarry; point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Quarry. See Forsyth. Quartet; lakes, near international boundary, Yale district. B.C. Quartz; creek, branch of McDame creek, Dease river, Cassiar district, B.C. Quartz; creek, tributary to Indian river, Yukon. QuatawamJcedgewich. See Kedgwick. Quebec; creek, tributary to Yukon river, below Dawson, Yukon. Quebec; head, eastern end of Wolfe island, Frontenac county, Ont. (Not East point.) Queen; point, forms the western boundary of Walkhouse bay, Manitoulin island, Ont. Queen Elizabeth; foreland, S.E. point of Loks Land, N.W.T. (Not North Foreland.) Queensport; harbour, Guysborough Co., N.S. (Not Queen's Port nor Crow harbour. "> Queenston; village, and Queenston heights, Lincoln county, Ont. (Not Queenstown.) Quesnel; lake, mining division, river, and village. Cariboo, B.C. (Not Quesnelle.) Quetachu; bay, Saguenay county. Que. (Not Quetachoo.) Quiet; lake, northeast of Teslin lake, Yukon. Quill; lakes, southern Saskatchewan. (Not Big Quill and Little Quill.) Quinitsa. See Kwinitsa. Quinn; creek, branch of Sulphur creek, Indian river, Yukon, (Not Quin.) Quinte; bay of, in L. Ontario, almost separating Prince Edward county from the mainland of Ontario. (Not Quinte.) Quinze (lac des) ; lake, an expansion of the upper Ottawa river, Timiskaming, Que. Quio; river, tributary to the Ottawa, Pontiac county, Que. Quispamsis; post village. Kings county, N.B. (Not Quispansis.) Quoieeh. See Kwoiek. Quyon; railway station and village, Pontiac county, Que. (Not Quio.) Reversal of previous decision. R Rabbit; mountain, Paipoonge township. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Rabbit; mountain and river, east of lake Evans, Abitibi territory. Que. Rabbitt; mount, also creek, northwest of Tulameen, Yale district, B.C. Race; passage and rocks, off S. point of Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Race islands.) Rae; mount, Misty range, southern Alberta. Raft; narrows, north of Hill island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Ragged; bight, northeast of cape Hui*d, Bruce county, Ont. Bagged Island (harbour). See Lockeport. 25d—10^ 148 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Ragged; lake, in the Algonquin National park, Nipissing district, Ont. Ragged; mountain, east of Sooke river, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Saddle.) Ragged. See Locke. Rainy; creek, tributary to Elbow river. Alberta. Rainy; creek, tributary to Moyie river, Kootenay district, B.C. Rainy; lake and river, international boundary, Eainy Eiver district, Ont. The river takes its name from the lake which appears on early maps as " Teka- mammaouen " — written " Tekamaihouenne " by Verendry 1738, and also as lac la Pluie (probably derived from the Indian name) and not as erroneously supposed from Rene, " name of its discoverer," nor from reine " meaning Queen of rivers." Raisin; river, Glengarry and Stormont counties, Ont. (Not Black R., R. au Raisin, nor Riv. aux Raisins.) Raley; point, north of Clio bay, Kitimat arm, Coast district, B.C. Ram; creek, flowing northeasterly into Saskatchewan river, Alta. (Not Sheep river.) Ramsay; river, emptying into Crooks inlet, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Ramsden; island. Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Ranch; point, Nanoose harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Randolph ; lake, S. of N. T. Ry. and N.W. of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Rapid. See Broadback. Rapid. See Minnedosa. Rapid. See Montreal. Rapide-de-Femme ; post village, Victoria county, N.B. (Not Rapid de Femme nor Rapide des Femmes.) Rapides (lac des) ; lake, upper Ottawa R., southeast of Barriere L., Pontiac Co., Que. Rapid River (lake). See Forks. Raquette ; river, Vaudreuil county. Que. Rasvberry. See Robinson. Rat; lake, between Rose and South lakes, Int. boundary, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Rat. See Alcott. Rat. See Taggart. Rathbun; bay and point, E. of Jenkins Pt., Manitoulin I., Manitoulin district, Ont. Rat Portage. See Kenora. Rat Portage (lake). See Manigotagan. Rattlesnake. See Bagot. Ravelin; mountain, northwest of Mt. Sir Sandford, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Raven; lake and river, McFadden township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Raven; river, tributary to Red Deer river, southern Alberta. Rawson ; harbour and island, N. shore Hudson strait N.W.T. (Not Harbour island.) Raymond; passage, S. from Seaforth Ch., Coast district, B.C. (Not Hecate channel.) Reader; lake, northwest of Pas, ^Manitoba. (Not Clear Water nor Reeder.) Reception; lake, Grasett township, Algoma district, Ont. (Not Kaikaquabick.) Red; bay, south of Golden valley, Bruce county, Ont. Red; lake, northwest of L. Seul, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Vermilion.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Red. See McKay. Redan ; mountain, northwest of Sir Sandf ord range, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay dist., B.C. Redberry; lake, southwest of Carlton, central Saskatchewan. Redburn; creek and peak, northeast of Moberly, Rocky Mts., Kootenay district, B.C'. Red Dan ; reef, southeast of Birch point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont- Red Deer; lake, and river emptying into lake Winnipegosis, Sask. Red Deer; river, also town on the river, southern Alberta. Red Deer. See La Biche. Red Deer. See Waskesiu. Red Deer (lakes). See Anerley, Coteau, Stockwell. Redding; creek, tributary to St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Redflag; mountain, west of Parry bay, Vancouver island, B.C. Redhorse; rock and lightstation. west of Beaurivage island. Admiralty group. St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not 7a.) Rednersville ; village, Ameliasburg township, Prince Edward county, Ont. Redoubt ; lake and mountain, northeast of Laggan, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Redstone; brook and lake, Guilford township, Haliburton county, Ont. Redwater; river, flowing southeasterly into the Saskatchewan, below Sturgeon river, Alberta. (Not Red Water.) Reed; lake, northeast of Cormorant lake, Manitoba. Reed. See Perch. Reed. See Reid. Reeder. See Reader. Reef. See Bonnet, Reesor; lake, Whitchurch to\\aiship, York county, Ont. (Not Middletons.) Reeves; harbour, Big island, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Refuge; cove, east of Shipwreck point, Kings county, P.E.I. (Not Naufrage.) Refugee. See Conran. Refugee. See Stovin. '^ Reid; island, south of Valdes island, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Reid Mills; post oflRce, Dundas county, Ont. (Not iieid's Mills.) Reid; mount, between Watson and Wheaton rivers, southern Yukon. Reid; mount, southeast of lake Evans, Abitibi territ.iry. Que. Reid ; point, south of Red bay, Bruce county, Ont. Reid; rock, south of George island, Halifax harbour, Halifax Co., N.S. (Not Reed.) Reindeer; creek, tributary to Yukon river, south of Indian river, Yukon. Reindeer; lake and river, emptying into Churchill river, Manitoba and Sask. Reindeer. See Punk. Remic; rapids, in Ottawa river, about two miles west of Ottawa city. (Not Remicks, Remix, nor Remous.) Remington; creek, tributary to Indian river. Yukon. Remous. See Remic. Renny; island, south of Whitney point, St. Lawrence R.Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Bush.) Reservation. See Paul. Reserve ; point. Active pass, strait of Georgia, Westminster district, B.C. 150 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Resolution; island, at entrance to Frobisher bay, N.W.T. (Not Tudjakdjuan.) Resolution. See Warwick. Rest. See Dufay. Restigouche ; county and river, northern New Brunswick. (Not Ristigouche.) Restigouche. See Ristigouche. Retreat; cove, southwest of Galiano island, strait of Georgia, B.C. Revelstoke; mount, railway station, and town, Kootenay district, B.C. Rexton; town, Kent county, N.B. (Not Kingston.) Riall; island. Brock group, St. Lawrence R. Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Millar's nor Smith's.) Rib; lake, north of Cassels township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Ribbon; river, tributary to Manuan river, upper St. Maurice, Champlain county. Que. (Not Riviere au Ruban.) Ribstone; creek, tributary to Battle river, eastern Alberta. (Not Nose.) Rice. See Muldrew. Rich; island, Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Richard; point, Nanoose harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Richard ; point, north of " The Narrows," L. Manitoba, Man. Richards; mount, southwest of Osborn bay, Stuart channel, Vancouver island, B.C. Richardson; lake and river emptying into the Athabaska near its mouth. Alberta. Richardson; mount, northeast of Laggan, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Richelieu; village, on Richelieu river, Rouville county. Que. (Not Village Richelieu.) Richmond; gulf, north of Little Whale river. New Quebec. (Not Richmond lake.) Richmond; village, Carleton county, N.B. (Not Richmond Corner.) Richmond. See Malpeque. Richmond. See New Richmond. Richmond Corner. See Richmond. Richthofen; island and valley, lake Laberge, Yukon. (Not Richtofen.) R.ickett; harbour, eastern side of Cockburn island and southwesterly from Cinder point, Manitoulin district, Ont. Rickley; harbour, W. of Burnt I., and N. of Western Duck I., Manitoulin dist., Ont. Riddell; mount, also creek, northwest of Tulameen, Yale district, B.C. Riddell; mount, between Macmillan and Ross rivers, also river tributary to the Mac- millan, Yukon. Ridgeway; creek, tributary to Moyie river, Kootenay district, B.C. Riding; mountain, western Manitoba. Ridley; island, south of Kaien island, Chatham sound. Coast district, B.C. (Not Flat nor North Porpoise.) Rigand; river, a small tributary of the Ottawa river, Glengarry and Presoott counties, Ont. and Vaudreuil county. Que. (Not riviere a la Graisse.) Right Band Branch, (Tobique R). See Campbell. Rigolet; settlement, at narrows of Hamilton inlet, Ashuanipi territory, Que. (Not Rigoulette.) Riley; brook, tributary to Tobique river, Victoria county, N.B. Rinda; a spur of the Valhalla mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Ringnes; islands, southwest of Axel Heiberg island, N.W.T. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25cl Rink; rapid, in Lewes river, below Tatchun river, Yukon. Riordon; point. Boxer reach. Coast district, B.C. Rip; point, Active pass, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. Ripple; reef, west of Lyal island, Bruce county, Ont. Ripple. See Hawkins. Riske; creek, trib. to Fraser R., above Chilcotin R., Cariboo and Lillooet dists., B.C. Ristigouche ; township, Bonaventure county. Que. (Not Restigouche.) Eistigouche. See E-estigouche. Ritchie; point, north extreme of Kaien island, Coast district, B.C. (Not Hays.) River Beaudette. See Beaudet. River Denys. See Denys. River (mountain). See Lewes. Rivers; lake of the, southern Saskatchewan. Riviere-a-la-Martre ; post village, also Light, Signal and Telegraph station, Christie township, Gaspe county. Que. (Not ]\rai-tin Eiver nor Riviere a la Marte.) Riviere-a-Pierre ; parish and village, Portneuf county. Que. (Not Riviere a Pierre.) See also Pierre (riviere a.) Riviere-des-Caches ; village, Northumberland county, N.B. (Not River de Cache nor Riviere du Cache.) Riviere-des-Chtites ; village, Carleton county, N.B. (Not River de Chute.) Riviere-des-Feves; post office, Chateauguay county. Que. (Not Rivieres des Feves.) Riviere-des-Prairies ; village, Hochelaga county, Que. (Not Riviere des Prairies.) See also Prairies. Riviere-du-Loup ; post office and railway station, Temiscouata county, Que. Rixon ; rock, near North point, at entrance to Georgian bay, Manitoulin district, Ont. Roach. See Roche. Roaring; river, tributary to Swan river, western Manitoba. (Not Rolling.) Roberson; point, northeast coast of Digby island, Coast district, B.C. Robert; island, northeast of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Cherry nor Sumac.) Robert; lake, Martin river, above Tesekau lake, Mistassini territory, Que. Robert; point, Markham bay, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Roberts; bay, in South bay, Manitoulin island, ]\ranitoulin district, Ont. Robertson; cove, north of Lizard islands, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Jackson.) Robertson; creek, tributary to Little Slocan river, Kootenay district, B.C. Robertson; lakes, Privat township, Timiskaming county, Que. Robertson; mount, near Stikine river, north of Iskut river, Cassiar district, B.C. Robertson; post office and railway station, Megantic county, Que. (Not Robertson Station post office.) Robertson Station. See Robertson. Robinson; cove. Big island, bay of Quinte, Prince Edward county, Ont. Robinson ; island, S. of Whitney Pt., St. Lawrence R., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Raspberry.) Robinson; lake and river, S. of N. T. Ry.; N.E. of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay dist., Ont. Robinson; sound, northeast of Cornell Grinnell bay, N.W.T. (Not Robinson's.) Rob Roy; creek, tributary to Dominion creek, Indian river, Yukon. 152 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Robson; mount, north of the east fork of Fraser river, Cariboo district, B.C. Robson; pass, north of mount Eobson, Eocky mountains. Cariboo district, B.C. Robson ; town and railway station, on Columbia river, Kootenay district, B.C. Roche; lake, Tp. 17, E. 16, W. 6 M., Yale district, B.C. (Not Eoach.) Roche a VeUlons. See Algernon. Roche de Smet; west of Jasper lake, western Alberta. (Not Eoche Suette.) Rochelle; post office, Shefford county. Que. (Not Ste. Anne-de-Stukely.) Roche Percee ; railway station, southeastern Saskatchewan. (Not Eoche Perce.) Roche-Percee ; reef, St. Lawrence river, opposite Cacouna, Temiscouata county. Que. Rocher Deboule; mountains, south of Hazelton, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Eochers Deboules.) Previous decision revised. Rochers (pointe des) ; point, below cape Salmon, Charlevoix county. Que. Roche Suette. See Eoche de Smet. Rock; lake. Nightingale township, Haliburton county, Ont. RocJc. See Kikomun. Roch. See Lazy. Rockcliffe; police "village, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Eockliffe.) Rochliffe. See Stonecliff. Rocksprings; post office, Leeds coimty, Ont. (Not Eock Springs.) Rocky. See Deseanso. Rocky. See Opabin. Rocky. See Tinson. Roes Welcome; sound, in the northwestern portion of Hudson bay, N.W.T. (Not Rowe's Welcome nor Sir Thomas Eowe's Welcome.) Roger; lake, northwest of Expanse lake, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Eogers.) Rogers; glacier, pass, and peak, and Eogers Pass railway station, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Rogers. See Prim. Rogersville; parish, Northumberland county, N.B. (Not Eogerville.) Roggan; river, emptying into James bay. New Quebec. (Not Bishop Eoggan nor Great Bishop Eoggan.) Rogue; river, tributary to Hess river, Yukon. Rolleston; island, northwest of Grenadier I., St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Rolling. See Eoaring. Rollingdam; village, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not Rolling Dam.) Rolph; creek, tributary to St. Mary river, southern Alberta. Romaine; river, lower St. Lawrence, opposite Mingan islands, Saguenay Co., Que. Rond (cap) ; cape, east end of Madame island, Eichniond county, N.S. (Not La Eonde nor Eound.) Rondeau; harbour, park, and Ry. station, on L. Erie, Kent Co., Ont. (Not Rond Eau.) Root; river, flowing southwesterly into L. Seul, Patricia district, Ont. Root. See Carrot. Rosamond; lake, N.W. of Eugby township, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Eosamund.) Rose ; island, between Broughton and Robert islands, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Grape nor Grass.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF C AX ADA 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25cl Rose; lake, on international boundary, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Mud.) Rose; lake and river, at headwaters of Nisutlin river, Yukon. Rose ; pass, at head of St. Mary river, Kootenay district. B.C. Roseau; river, flowing westerly into Bed river, southeastern Manitoba. Rosebud; creek, tributary to Stewart river, Yukon. Rosebud; river, tributaiy to Bed Deer river. Alberta. (Xot Arrowhead.) Rosenf eld ; rock, northeasterly from the east point of Saturna island, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. (Not Rosenfelt.) Roseville ; village. Prince Co., P.E.I. (Not Little or S. Mimingash nor Minimegash.) Ross; creek, flowing into the S. Saskatchewan at Medicine Hat, Alberta. Ross; island, between the east and west channels of Nelson river, Manitoba. Ross; isthmus and peninsula, northwesterly portion of Franklin isthmus, N.W.T. (Not James Ross.) Ross; lake, south of Stephen station, Kootenay district, B.C. Ross; lake, northwest of Afileck lake, Kenora district, Ont. Ross; ijeak, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Ross; river, tributary to Pelly river, Yukon. Rossmore; village, Ameliasburg township. Prince Edward county, Ont. Rouge; lake, Wolfe township, Terrebonne county. Que. (Not lac de la Rouge.) Rouge; river, flowing into lake Ontario, Ontario and York counties, Ont. (Not Rouge creek nor Big Rouge creek.) Rough; island, northeast of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Hamilton nor Little.) Rougie. See Salisbury. Round; lake, on Qu'appelle river, southeastern Saskatchewan, Round. See Campbell. Round. See Felice. Round. See Francis. Round. See Ghost. Round. See Joubert. Round. See Lacroix. Round. See Rond. Round. See Skelton. Rousseau. See Arosen. Rousselet; island, at the north end of lake Timiskaming, Ont. Roussin. See Arosen. Route ; lake, west of Asheigamo lake, Kenora district, Ont. Routhier; lake, Rouyn township, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Rush.) Rouville. See St. Hilaire. Rouyn; lake, Rouyn township, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Stewart.) Rove. See Watap. Rowan ; lake, northeast of Kakagi lake, Kenora district, Ont. Rowe; island, northerly one of Lizard group, Algoma district, Ont. (Not N. Lizard.) Rowes. See Roes. Rowley; island, Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. 154 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Rowlinson; creek, tributai-y to Nordenskiold river, Yukon. Roxburg; post settlement, Albert county, N.B. (Not Koxborougli.) Roxton East; post office, Shefford county, Que. Royal; island, Brock group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Bathing.) Reyal; roads, south of Esquimalt harbour, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Royal bay.) Royal George. See Myles. Ruhan. See Ribbon. Ruby; creek, tributary to Indian river, Yukon. Ruby; creek and mountain, west of Surprise lake, C^assiar district, B.C. Ruby; mountain, E. of Columbia R., between the Arrow lakes, Kootenay district, B.C. Rudyard: reef, west of Queen point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Ruel; shoal, southwest of Dead island, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay. Parry Sound district, Ont. Rugged. See Locke. Rugged Island (harbour). See Lockeport. Rundle; mount, between Bow and Spray rivers, Rocky Mountains park. Alberta. Rupert; bay and river, Mistassini, Que. Rupert House, H. B. Co., at mouth of river. Rusagonis; river and village, Sunbury Co., N.B. (Not Rusagornis nor Rushagornis.) Ruscom; post village, railway station, and river, Essex county, Ont. (Not Ruscomb river and village, nor Ruscom Station.) Rush. See Routhier. Rushagornis. See Rusagonis. Russel; creek, tributary to Little Slocan river, Kootenay district, B.C. Russel; island and reef, S.E. of Cove L, at entrance to Georgian Bay, Bruce Co., Ont. Russell ; arm and point, northwest side of Prince Rui)ert harbour, Coast district, B.C. Ruth; island, Nanoose harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Ruth; lake and river, W. of Nakina R., and S. of Chikoida Mt., Cassiar district, B.C. Ryckman; post village, Wentworth county, Ont. (Not Ryckman's Corners.) Rykerts. See Bedlington. Saanich; inlet, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Saanichton; bay and Ry. station, S.E. coast of Vancouver L B.C. (Not Cordova bay.) To avoid duplication of " Cordova " applied to a large bay to the south. Sable; river, southeast of Chiefs i)oint, Bruce county, Ont. SahU. See Ausable. Sachigo; lake, and river tributary to Severn river, Patricia, Ont. (Not Achigo.) SacJcawaiisi. See Sassawatisi. Sacre-Cceur-de-Marie ; post village, Thetford township, ^^regantic county. Que. (Not Sacre-Coeur de Marie.) Saddle; hill, south of Satellite channel, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Arbutus.) Saddle; lake, also Saddle Lake post office, eastern Alberta. Saddle; mountain, near confluence of Stikine and Anuk rivers, Cassiar district, B.C. Saddle; mountain, southeast of Fairview mountain. Alberta. (Not 'The Saddle.') Saddle. See Ragged. • GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Saddleback; island, northwest of Pritzler harbour, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Sagaminnis ; lake, southwest of Wapikopa lake, upper Winisk river, Patricia, Ont. Saganaga; lake, on international boundary, Rainy River and Thunder Bay districts. Ont. (Not Seiganagah, Seiganagan, nor Seiganagaw.) Saganaga. See Boyer. Sagemace; bay, in southern portion of lake Wiimipegosis, Manitoba. Sahpoochaway. See Odei. Sah-wah-mis'h-she. See Sawamisshe. Sain; cape, above Pointe-au-Pic, Charlevoix county, Que. Ste. Agnes-de-Dundee; post office, Huntington county. Que. (Not Ste. Agnes nor Ste. Agnes de Dundee.) St. Alexandre; parish and railway station, also St. Alexandre Station post office, Iberville county. Que. (Not St. Alexander.) St. Alphonse-de-Granby ; village, Shefford Co., Que. (Not St. Alphonse de Granby.) St. Andre; bank, parish, point, and village, Kamouraska county, Que. St. Andre-de-Ristigouche ; post office, Ristigouche township, Bonaventure county, Que. (Not St. Andre de Restigouche.) St. Andrew; channel, southeast of Boularderie island, Cape Breton and Victoria counties, N.S. St. Andrew; lake, in Tps. 31 and 32, R. 1 E.P.M., Manitoba. (Not Long.) St. Andrews; post village, Stormont county, Ont. (Not St. Andrews West.) St. Andrews; town, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not St. Andrew's.) St. Andrews; village, Argenteuil county, Que. (Not St. Andrews East.) Ste. Angele-de-Rimouski ; village, Mataue county, Que. (Not Ste. Angele de Mercie.) St. Ann; bay, harbour, and village, Victoria county, N.S. St. Ann; lake, central Alberta. St. Ann; village, Lincoln county, Ont. (Not St. Anne nor St. Ann's.) St. Anne; island, at the mouth of St. Clair river, Lambton county, Ont. (Not St. Anne's nor St. Ann's.) Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue; village, Jacques Cartier county, Que. (Not Ste Anne de Bellevue nor Ste. Anne du bout de L'lle.) Ste. Anne-des-Monts ; village, Gaspe county. Que. (Not Ste. Anne de Monts.) Ste. Anne-de-Stukely. See Rochelle. Ste. Anne du hout de L'lle. See Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue. St. Anthony; lake, Skead township, Timiskaming district, Ont. St. Antoine-de-Pontbriand; village, Thetford township, Megantic county, Que. (Not St. Antoine de Pontbriand.) St. Antoine-de-Tilly ; village, Lotbiniere county. Que. (Not St. Antoine, Lotbiniere.) St. Antoine, Lothiniere. See St. Antoine-de-Tilly. St. Augustin; river, flowing southerly into the gulf of St. Lawrence, Saguenay county, Que. (Not St. Augustine.) Decision based on priority of publication. St. Barnabe-riviere-Yamaska ; post settlement and railway station, St. Hyacinthe county, Que. (Not vSt. Earnabe, river Yamaska.) St. Basile-de-Portneuf ; parish and post village, Portneuf county. Que. (Not St. Bazile de Portneuf.) 156 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 St. Bernard-Sud; post office. St. Johns Co., Que. (Not St. Bernard nor St. Bernard S.) Ste. Bri^de; village and Ry. station, Iberville Co., Que. (Not Ste. Brigide d'Iberville.) St. Casimir ; parish, railway station, and village, Portneuf county. Que. St. Catharines; city, Lincoln county, Ont. (Not St. Catherines.) Ste. Cecile-de-Milton; village, Shefford county, Que. St. Charles-de-Caplan ; village, Bonaventure county. Que. (Not St. Charles Caplin.) St. Clair; lake and river, Essex, Kent and Lambton coimties, Ont. St. Columhan ; village. Two Mountains Co., Que. (Not St. Colomban nor St. Columbin.) St. Croix; lake, Hants county, N.S. (Not St. Croix Eiver lake.) St. Croix. See Ponhook. Saint-Cyr; mount, north of Quiet lake, Yukon. St. David; lake, in Tps. 31 and 32, R. 1, W. P. M., Manitoba. St. David; village, Lincoln county, Ont. (Not St. David's.) St. Denis; cove, parish, point, and village, Kamouraska county, Que. (Not St. Denis de la Bouteillerie village.) St. Dominique-de-Bagot ; post village, Bagot Co., Que. (Not St. Dominique de Bagot.) Ste. Edwidge; post village, Clifton township, Compton county, Que. (Not St. Edwidge.) Ste. Emelie. See Ste Emmelie. Sle. Emilie. See Ste. Emmelie. Ste. Emmelie ; parish and village, Lotbiniere Co., Q. (Not Ste. Emelie nor Ste. Emilie.) St. Etienne; parish, Charlevoix county. Que. St. Etienne-de-Beauharnois ; post village, Beauharnois county. Que. (Not St Etienne nor St. Etienne de Beauharnois.) St. Eugene ; mission, on St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. St. Eugene-de-Guigues ; post office, Guigues township, Timiskaming county, Que. (Not Ste. Eugene de Guigues.) St. Fidele; post settlement, Charlevoix county. Que. Ste. Foy; parish and post village, Quebec county. Que. (Not St. Foy.) St. Francis; lake, Frontenac county, and river flowing from the lake, through the counties of Wolfe, Compton, Sherbrooke, Richmond, Drummond, and Yamaska, emptying into the St. Lawrence at lake St. Peter, Que. French form, St. FranQois. Ste. Genevieve; group of islands, E. of Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, Jacques Cartier Co., Que. St. George; cape, St. Peter's inlet, Richmond county, N.S. (Not George.) To dis- tinguish it from Cape George in Antigonish county. St. George; lake, Tps. 31-2-3, R. 1 E. and Tp. 31, R. 1 W. P.M., Man. (Not. St. George's. ) St. Georqe Port Daniel. See Port Daniel. St. Germain; parish and village, Kamouraska county. Que. at. Gregoire. See Mount Johnson. St. Hector; post office, Bagot county. Que. (Not St. Hector de Bagot.) St. Hector de Bagot. See St. Hector. St. Helen; island, in the St. Lawrence, near Montreal, Hoehelaga county. Que. (Not St. Helen's.) French usage, Ste. Helene. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d St. Helena; island, northeast of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Cherry nor Goulbourne.) Ste. Helene-de-Bagot; post village and railway station, Bagot county, Que. (Not Ste. Helene de Bagot.) St. Henri; post village, Levis county, Que. (Not St. Henri Station.) St. Henri Station. See St. Henri. St. Hilaire ; mountain, near St. Hilaire, Eouville county, Que. (Not Beloeil nor Eouville.) St. Hilary; mount, southeast of Braebum lake, southern Yukon. St. Irenee; parish and post village, Charlevoix county, Que. St. Jean Desc'haillons. See Deschaillons. St. Joachim; post village and railway station, Essex county, Ont. (Not St. Joachim River Euscom.) St. Joachim-de-Shefford ; post village, ShefFord Co., Que. (Not St. Joachim de Shefford.) St. John; creek and ridge, west of Beaverdell creek, Similkameen district, B.C. St. John; island, Melville lake, Ashuanipi territory, Que. (Not St. Johns.) St. John; mount, southwest of Windigo bay, L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. St. Johns; county and town, on Richelieu river, Que. (Not St. John's.) St. Joseph; village, south of Goderich, Huron county, Ont. St. Joseph d' Orleans. See Orleans. St. Joseph-de-St.-Hyacinthe ; post village, St. Hyacinthe county. Que. (Not St. Joseph de St. Hyacinthe.) St. Lambert; village, Chambly county. Que. (Not St. Lambert, Chambly.) St. Laurent ; village, Jacques Cartier county. Que. (Not St. Laurent, Montreal.) 8t. Laurent, Montreal. See St. Laurent. St. Lawrence; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. St. Louis-de-Chambord; parish. Lake St. John county. Que. St. Marc-des-Carrieres ; village, Portneuf county. Que. (Not St. Marc des Carrieres.) St. Margaret; bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not St. Margaret's.) Ste. Marguerite; river, tributary to Saguenay river, Chicoutimi and Saguenay counties. Que. (Not St. Margaret.) Ste. Marguerite. See Marguerite. St. Martin; lake, northeast of lake Manitoba, Man. (Not St. Martin's.) St. Martin. See Martin. St. Martins; lightstation, parish, railway station, and village, St. John county, N.B. (Not Quaco, nor St. Martin's P.O.) St. Mary; bay and cape, Digby county, N.S. St. Mary; lake, Saltspring island, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. St. Mary; lake, Ridout towruship, Muskoka district, Ont. St. Mary; lake and river tributary to Kootenay river, B.C. (Not Torrent.) St. Mary; post village, Kent county, N.B. St. Mary; river, joining lakes Huron and Superior, international boundary line be- tween Canada and United States. (Not St. Mary's.) The narrows between Point Iroquois and Gros cap is to be considered the head of the river, and that between Old Fort St. Joe and Sweet point the mouth 158 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 of the south hranch. The north branch, passing through East Neebish rapids, also carries the name of the river, through St. Joseph channel, to the narrows between Bowker point and Gravel point. St. Mary; river, Guysborough county, N.S. St. Mary; river, tributary to Belly river, southern Alberta. (Not St. Mary's.) St. Marys; town and railway station, Perth county, Qnt. (Not St, Mary's.) St. Maurice; county and river. Que. St. Michel-de-Rougemont ; village, Kouville Co., Q. (Not St. Michel de Rougemont.) Ste. Monique ; post office. Two Mountains county. Que. (Not Ste. Monique des Deus Montagues.) Ste. Monique des Deux Montague. See St. Monique. St. Nicholas; peak, north of mount Gordon, Eocky mountains, Alberta. St. Nora; lake, Stanhope township, Haliburton county, Ont. (Not St. Nora's.) St. Onge; post office, near Embrun, Russell county, Ont. St. Pamphile ; village, L'Islet county, Que. St. Patrick; channel, an arm opening to the westward from Great Bras d'Or, Inver- ness and Victoria counties, N.S. St. Patrick; lake, in Tps. 32 and 33, R. 1, E. and W. P. M., Manitoba. St. Patrich's. See San Josef. St. Paul; post village, Kent county, N.B. (Not St. Pauls.) St. Paul. See Nuns. St. Paul-du-Buton ; parish and post office, Montmagny county. Que. (Not St. Paul de Buton.) St. Paul's Bay. See Baie-St.-Paul Ste. Perpetue ; village, Argenteuil county, Que. St. Peter; bay, river, and railway station, Kings county, P.E.I. (Not St. Peter's nor Head of St. Peter's bay.) St. Peter; island, Hillsborough bay. Queens county, P.E.I. (Not St. Peter's.) St. Pierre-les-Becquets ; parish and post office, Nicolet county, Que. (Not St. Pierre des Becquets nor St. Pierre les Bequets.) St. Piran; mount, west of Laggau station. Alberta. St. Raphael; post village, Glengarry Co., Ont. (Not St. Rafael nor St. Raphael West.) St. Regis; post office, Huntingdon county, Que. (Not St. Regis.) St. Roch-des-Aulnaies ; village, L'Islet county, Que. (Not St. Roch des Aulnets.) Ste. Rosalie; island, in Ottawa river, near Montebello, Ottawa county, Que. St. Simeon; parish and village, Charlevoix county, Que. St. Simon-de-Yamaska ; post village and railway station, Bagot county. Que. (Not St. Simon d'Yamaska.) St. Sixte ; lake, and river trib. to Petite Nation R. Ottawa Co., Que. (Not Sincique.) St. Stanislas-de-Kostka ; post village, Beauharnois county, Que. (Not St. Stanislas.) St. Stephen; town, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not St. Stephens.) St. Theodore-d' Acton; post village, Bagot county. Que. Ste. Therese-de-Blainville ; village and railway station, Terrebonne county, Que. (Not Ste. Therese nor Ste. Therese de Blainville.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d St. Urbain-de-Chateauguay; parish and post village, Chateauguay county, Que. (Not St. Urbain de Chateauguay nor St. Urbain en haut.) St. Valentin; parish and post village, St. Johns county, Que. (Not St. Valentine.) Sakwatamau; river, tributary to Athabaska E., Alta. (Not Eagle nor Sa-kwa-ta-mow.) Salem; post village, Cumberland county, N.S. (Not Salent.) Salent. See Salem. Salisbury; bay, Albert county, N.B. (Not Eougie.) Salmon; arm, southerly portion of Shuswap lake, also river emptying into the arm from the south, Kamloops district, B.C. Salmon Arm; post settlement and railway station, on Salmon arm of Shuswap lake, Kamloops district, B.C. Salmon; cape, above Pte. des Eochers, Charlevoix county, Que. French usage Saumon (cap au), which see. Salmon; island, north side of Big bay, Hastings county, Ont. Salmon; river flowing into Big bay, Hastings and Lennox counties, Ont. Salmon. See Kinonge. Salmon. See Wicked. Salt; point, Presqu'ile peninsula, Brighton township, Northumberland county, Ont. Salt. See Way. Saitspring; island, southeast coast of Vancouver L, B.C. (Not Admiral nor Chuan.) Salviis; railway station, north shore of Skeena river. Coast district, B.C. Samson; peak, north of the narrows of Maligne lake. Rocky Mts., western Alberta. Sand; bay, outlet of Eainy lake, international boundary, Eainy Eiver district, Ont. Sand; creek, tributary to Kootenay river, Ivootenay district, B.C. Sand. See Desert. Sand. See Hyndman. Sanderson; point, west side of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Sanderson. See lononoaklin. Sand Point ; lake, southeast of Namakan L., Int. boundary, Eainy Eiver district, Ont. Sandy. See Pakwa. Sandy-beach; lake, at headwaters of St. Maurice river, Champlain county. Que. Sanford; mount, southwest of Snowdon range, Cassiar district, B.C. Sangrida; i)eak, Valkyr mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. San Josef; bay, near N.W. end Vancouver I., B.C. (Not San Joseph nor St. Patrick's.) San Juan; river, flowing into Juan de Fuca strait, Vancouver island, B.C. San Miguel; group of islands, off the entrance to Friendly cove, Nootka sound, Van- couver island, B.C. Sansum; narrows, between Saltspring and Vancouver islands, B.C. Sapasook. See Sapasuk. Sapasoose. See Sapasuk Sapasuk; lake on N. T. Ey. northeast of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district. Ont. (Not Sapasook nor Sapasoose.) Sapphire ; col, between, "The Dome" and " Castor," Selkirk Mts., Kootenay dist., B.C. Sarbach ; mount, north of Howse pass, Eocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Sarcee ; butte and Indian reserve, on Elbow river, Alberta. 160 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Sasaginaga; lake, northwest of Cobalt, Timiskaming district, Ont. (Not Clear.^ Sasakwei; lake, southwest of Peake lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Summit.) Saskatchewan; moimt, south of mount Athabaska, Eocky mountains, Alberta. Saskatchewan. See Turnagain. Saskeram; lake, west of Pas, Manitoba. (Not Indian Pear Island lake.) Sass; river, trib. to Little Buffalo E., S. of Great Slave L., N.W.T. (Not Sass-tessi.) Sassaganaga; lake, northeast of Kipawa lake, Pontiac county. Que. Sassawatisi; lake, at headwaters of Manuan river, Champlain county. Que. (Not Sackawatesie nor Chisaouataisi.) Sass-tessi. See Sass. Satasha; lake, west of Nordenskibld river, Yukon. Satellite; channel, between Saltspring I. and Saanich peninsula, Vancouver I., B.C. Saturn; rock, southwest of Greenough point, Bruce county, Ont. Saugeen; peninsula, the northwestern portion of Bruce county, Ont. Saugeen; river, flowing into L. Huron at Southampton,Bruee Co., Ont. (Not Saugink.) Saugum; creek, E. of Kootenay E., N. of Steele, Kootenay dist., B.C. (Not Six-mile.") Sa.ult-au-Cochon; river, Saguenay county, Que. (Not Saut de Cochon.) Saulteux ; river, tributary to Lesser Slave river, Alberta. (Not Sauteur nor Sauteux.) Saumon (cap an) ; cape, above Pte. des Eochers, Charlevoix county, Que. English usage (cape) Salmon, which see. Saunders; reef, near Misery bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Saut de Cochon. See Sault-au-Cochon. Saut de Mouton. See Mille Vaches. Sauteur. See Saulteux. Sauteux. See Saulteux. Savage; island, northeast of Whitney point, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Savage; post office, Shefford county. Que. (Not Savage's Mills.) Savage. See Upper Savage. Savant; lake, south of L. St. Joseph, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Savasse Berry. See Serviceberry. Sawamisshi; lake, Stanhoi)e township, Haliburton Co., Ont. (Not Sah-wah-mish-she.) Sawback; range of mountains, north of Bow river, Eocky mountains. Alberta. Sawback; range of mountains, west of Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. Sawhill. See Sheldrake. Sawyer; pass, at head of St. IMary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Saxon; island, south of Shute point, Bruce county, Ont. Sayia. See Sayyea. Sayunei; range of mountains, Gravel river, N.W.T. (Not Sayunne.) Sayyea; creek, tributary to upper Liard river, Yukon. (Not Sayia.) Scalping Knife; mountain, east of Columbia river, Kootenay district, B.C. Scatari; island, off the coast of Cape Breton I., N.S. (Not Scattarie, nor Scatary.) Scentgrass; lake, southeast of Jackfish lake, central Saskatchewan. (Not Scent Grass.) Schaffner; mount, northwest of Mt. Biddle, Eocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Schaw. See Puslinch. Schist; lake, northwest of Tawatinaw lake, Kenora district, Ont. • GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF C AX ADA l6l SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Schley Land. See Ellesmere. Schnabel; creek, flowing into Annie lake, southern Yukon. Schnare ; point, north shore of St. Margaret bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Xot Snares.) Schnarr; lake, Melick and Eedditt townships, Kenora district, Ont. Schooner. See Miles. Schreiber; point, north of Kaien island, Prince Eupert harbour, Coast district, B.C. Schwatka; river, tributary to Nordenskiold river, southern Yukon. Scorpion; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Scotch Bonnet; island and lightstation, west of Wellington (Big Sandy) bay, Prince Edward county, Ont. (Not Egg island.) Scotchie; reef, at South Baymouth, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont, Scotsman; bay, Kings county, N.S. (Not Scots, Scot's nor Scotsman's.) Scott ; inlet, Metlakatla bay. Coast district, B.C. Scott; mount, east of Rabbit mountain, Abitibi territory, Que. Scott; point, on north side of entrance to Bale du I^ore, Bruce county, Ont. Scougall; bank, southwest of Macgregor point, Bruce county, Ont. Scout; reef and spit, southwest of Burke island, Bruce county, Ont. Scratching. See Morris. Scroggie; creek, tributary to Stewart river, Yukon. Scud; river, tributary to Stikine river, Oassiar district, B.C. Sea; lake, Murchison township, Nipissing district, Ont. Seagram; lake, southwest of Manito lake, central Saskatchewan, Seal; cove, at north end of Kaien island. Coast district, B.C. Seal. See Dog. Seal. See Tisiriuk. Sealion; mountain, northeast of Moberly, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Seals Home. See LaMotte Seaman; reef, entrance to Wood bay, S. shore Manitoulin I., Manitoulin dist., Ont. Seashell; rock, west of Lyal island, Bruce county, Ont. Seaton. See Seton. Secretary; islands, north of Saltspring island, S.E. coast of Vancouver I., B.C. Secretary. See Donaldson. Seechelt; inlet, north of the strait of Georgia, B.C. (Not Sechclt.) Seed; lake, east of Carp lake, international boundalry. Rainy River district, Ont. Seeley; village, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Seeley's Bay nor Seely's Bay.) Seepanocli. Sec Sipanok. Segratiffa; brook, tributary to Burntwood river, Manitoba. Seggemak; lake, southeast of Boyer lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Black Bird.) Segum Sega. See Kejimkujik. Seiganagah. See Saganaga, Seiganagan. See Saganaga. Seiganagaw. See Saganaga. Sekulmun; lake, west of Aishihik lake, Yukon. Sekwi; brook, canyon, and mountain, Gravel R., above Natla R., N.W.T. Selby; lake, east of Anzhekumming lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Lynx.) 25U and (iO, K. G. W. 4 ^l.. eastern Alberta. Sinkut; creek and lake, south of Nechako river. Cariboo, B.C. (Not Tsinkut.) Sipanok; channel, between Carrot and Saskatchewan rivers, Sask. (Not Seepauok nor Seepanock.) Sipiwesk; lake, north of Cross lake, Nelson river, Manitoba. (Not Sepewesk.) Sir Donald; mount, also glacier and range of mountains in the Selkirks, B.C. Sir Sandford; mount, also range of mountains and glacier, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Sir William; island, west of Lynedoch i-lnnd. St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont GEOGRAI'HIC BOARD OF CA-V.t/)l 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Sisipnk; lake on Churchill river, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. (Not Duck.) Sisson; lake and river, tributary to Tobique river, "Victoria county. X.B. (Not Little Tobique nor West Branch of Tobique river.) Sisters ; islands, east of Fair point and northwest of Gordon island, St . Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Sitidgi; lake, north of Great Bear lake, N.W.T. (Not Setidgi.) Siwiti; rock, Blunden harbour. Queen Charlotte sound. Coast district, B.C. Six-mile. See Saugum. Sixteen mile. See Oakville. Sixty; creek, branch of Henderson creek, Yukon. Sixtymile; river, tributary to Yukon river, Yukon. Skagit; range of mountaius and river, Yale district, B.C. Skaloo. See Skelu. Skeena; river, emptying into the Pacific, Cassiar and Coast dists., B.C. (Not Skena.) Skelton; island, Brock group, St. Lawrence E., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Big nor Round.) Skelu; inlet, Graham island, Queen Charlotte Is., Coast district, B.C. (Not Skaloo.) Skena. See Skeena. Skidegate; inlet, also channel between Graham and ^Moresby islands. Queen Char- lotte islands. Coast district, B.C. Skinner; bluff, north of Cowichan harbour, Vancouver island, B.C. Skinner Pond; village. Prince county, P.E.I. (Not Skinner's Pond.) Skirmish. See Wild Horse. Skirt; mountain, west of Esquimalt, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Skirt hill.) Skoki; mountain and valley, northwest of Fossil mountain. Rocky Mts., Alta. Skookum; lake, Galbraith township, Algoma district, Ont. (Not Shookum.) Slate ; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. Slate; lake, on Wenasaga river, northwest of L. Seul, Patricia district, Ont. Slate; pass, between headwaters of Klondike and McQuesten rivers, Yukon. Slaughenwhite ; point, northeast of Head harbour, St. Margaret bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Oakland.) Slave. See Lesser Slave. Slave. See Sleeve. Sleepy; river, emptying into Obaska lake, Timiskaming county. Que. Sleeve; lake, Tps. 59 & GO, R. 6, W. 4 M., eastern Alberta. (Not Slave.) Slocan; lake, river, and town, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Slocan City.) Slocoh. See Sloko. Sloko; inlet, lake, mountain, and river, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Slocoh.) Small. See Little Bow. Small Duck; creek, tributary to Rock creek, lOondike river, Yukon. Small Trout. See Meggisi. Smart; mount, west of mount Bonney, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Smith; creek, tributary to the south branch of Brazeau river, central Alberta. Smith; point, southwestern point of Cockburn island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Smith; rock, in Fitzwilliam channel, j\ranitoulin district, Ont. Stnith. See Wynott. Smith's. See Riall. 168 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Smith's creek. See Nith river. Smith's island. See Port Hood island. ' Smiths Falls; railway station and town, Lanark comity, Ont. (Not Smith's Falls.) Smoke; lake, in Algonquin National park, Nipissing district, Ont. Smoke ; point, in Weller bay, Ameliasburg township, Prince Edward county, Ont. Smoke. See Aubrey. Smoke. See Hickey. Smokehouse; island, north of Chiefs point, Bruce county, Ont. Smoky; lake, northwest of Victoria settlement. Alberta. Smoky; river, tributary to Peace river, Alberta. (Not Smoking.) Smoothrock; lake, northwest of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Smooth Exjck Island lake.) Smoothrock; lake, south of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Smooth Rock.) Snake; island, north of Cedar island, bay of Quinte, Hastings county, Ont. Snake; island, oS Departure bay, east coast of Vancouver I., B.C. (Not Lighthouse.) Snake. See Bloomfield. Snake. See Fox. Snake. See McCallum. Snake. See Matheson. Snake. See Sylvan. Snares. See Schnare. Snider; post office, Halton county, Ont. (Not Snider's Corners.) Snider; rock, northwest of Martini L, S.W. coast of Digby I., Coast district, B.C. Snider's Corners. See Snider. Snowcap; mountain, west of lower part of Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. Snowdon; range of mountains, southeast of Gladys lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Snowslide; creek, tributary to Cariboo creek, Kootenay district, B.C. Snowy; mountain, east of Stikine river, near the elbow, Cassiar district, B.C. Sockeye; railway station, north shore of Skeena river, Coast district, B.C. Soda; creek, flowing into upper branch of Hunker creek, Yukon. Sodalite; valley, east of Ice river. Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Sogakwa; portage, at head of Pizustigwan river, upper Winisk river, Patricia, Ont. Solitude; mountain, east of Columbia river. Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Solmes; island, east of Telegraph island, bay of Quinte, Prince Edward county, Ont. Solmesville ; post village, Sophiasburg township. Prince Edward county, Ont. Solomons Temples; islands, north of Charlton island, James bay. New Quebec. (Not Solomon Temple.) Somass; river, flowing into the head of Alberni canal, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Somas, Somos, Sumas, nor Sumass.) Somenos; lake and post settlement, north of Cowichan river, Vancouver island, B.C. Somerset; island, north of Boothia peninsula, N.W.T. (Not North Somerset.) Sonata; mountain and neve, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Sonora; island, between Nodales and Okisollo channels, Coast district, B.C. The northern portion of what was formerly Valdes island. Sooke; basin, bay, harbour, inlet, lake, and river, Vancouver island. B.C. Sophia; mountain, Kootenay and Similkamcen districts, B.C. OEOGRAPBW BOARD OF CANADA 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Sophiasburg; township, Prince Edward county, Ont. (Not Sopliiasburgli."i Sorcerer; glacier and mountain, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Soskumika; lake, an expansion of Nottaway river, Abitibi territory. Que. Soulanges. See Dondaine. Sounding; creek and lake, southeastern Alberta. Source; lake, in Algonquin National park, Nipissing district, Ont. Sourihan. See Sholiaban. Sourilhan. See Sholiaban. Souris; river, tributary to the Assiniboine, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Souris; town. Kings county, P.E.I. (Not East Souris.) South; bay, S.E. end of Manitoulin I., Manitoulin dist., Ont. (Not Manitoulin Gulf.) South; lake, on international boundary, Thunder Bay district, Ont. South. See Algernon. South. See Koksoak. South. See Prince Edward. Southampton ;village, at the mouth of Saugeen river, Bruce county, Ont. SoufJi Antler. See Antler. South Bay. See Prince Edward. South Baymouth; town site. Manitoulin island. Manitoulin district, Ont. South Branch of HigJnrood river. See Stimson creek. South Brandt lo/ Little river. See Flemming brook. South Branch of Moose river. See Mattagami river. South Branch or Forh of Michel creek. See Leach creek. South Fori- of Gold creel-. See Caven creek. South Fori- of Grave creel-. See Harmer creek. South Duck; river, flowing easterly and northerly to Duck bay, lake Winnipegosis, Man. (Not Duck River South.) Southern Indian; lake, on Churchill E., Manitoba. (Not Indian nor South Indian.) Southesk; river, tributary to Brazeau river. Alberta. (Not Southesk Branch.) South forh of Beaver (creek). See Crystal. South Fowl; lake, on Int. boundary, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Cock.) Southgate; river, flowing southwesterly into But€ inlet. Coast district, B.C. South Heart; river, flowing into the northwest end of Lesser Slave lake. Alberta. South Joggins. See Joggins. South Joggings. See Joggins. South My a. See Mya. South Nation; river, flowing through the counties of Grenville, Dundas, Stormont, Russell, and Prescott, and emptying into the Ottawa. (Not Little Nation, Nation. nor Petite Nation.) South Petawawa. See Petawawa. South Porpoise. See Lelu. South Rideau river. See Kemptville creek. South Similkamcen. See Similkameen. South Thompson; river, flowing from the Shuswap lakes t'< Knmloops lake. Kamloops district, B.C. 170 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 South Thompson; river, flowing from the Shuswap lakes to Kamloops lake, Yale district, B.C. South Wellington; post settlement, west of jSTanaimo river, Vancouver island, B.C. Southwest; bay, in lake Evans, Abitibi territory, Que. Southwest; point, Anticosti island, Saguenay county. Que. (Not South West.) Soyers; lake, Minden township, Halibnrton county. Out. SpaUumcheen. See Shuswap. Spar; lake, south of Separation lake, Kenora district, Ont. Spardan. See Ferguson. Sparrow; island, southwest of Stovin I., Brock group, St. Lawrence R., Leeds Co., Ont. Spearing; mount, north of Tulameen river, Yale district, B.C. Spectacles; rocks, 1^ miles west of Gananoque, St. Lawrence river. Leeds county, Ont. Spectacles; islands (2) north of Wolfe I., St. Lawrence R., Frontenac Co., Ont.) Spence; lake, south of lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba. Spencer; creek, tributary to Bow river, Alberta. Spicer; harbour and island, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Spike ; peak, northeast of Moberly, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Spillimacheen ; mountains, also river tributary to Columbia river, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Spill En Mee Chene nor Spillimichene.) Spilsbury; island. Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Spire; island and ledge, S. of Frederick Pt., Prince Rupert harbour, Coast dist., B.C. Spirit; creek, tributary to Wild Horse river, Kootenay district, B.C. Spirit; river, also Spirit River, post settlement, central Alberta. Spirit. See Beauchamp. Spit; head, westerly extreme of Howe island, St. Lawrence river, Frontenac Co., Ont. Split; cape. Kings county, N.S. (Not Splitt.) Split; lake, on Nelson river, Manitoba. Spong; island, northeast of Whitney point, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Spray ; mountains and river, south of Bow river, Rocky Mountains park. Alberta. Spring; cove, southwest side of entrance to UcUielet arm, Barkley sound, Vancouver island, B.C. Springer; point, on the south side of Sonora island, Coast district, B.C. Springhill; post settlement, west of Fredericton, York county, Ont, Springhill; village, Frontenac coimty. Que. (Not Spring Hill.) Sproat; mount, north of Upper Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Spruce; river, flowing southerly into the Saskatchewan at Prince Albert, Sask. (Not Little Red.) Sprucegrove ; post office, west of EdmontDU, Alberta. (Not Spruce (Jrove.) Squally; reach, in southern portion of Saanich inlet, Vancouver island, B.C. Squamish ; pass and post office, also river entering the head of Howe sound, B.C. Square; bay, east of Dominion point, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Square; brook, flowing into Minas channel, Kings Co., N.S. (Not Square Cove brook.) Square; lake, northeast of L. LaBiche, central Alberta. Square. See Squire. ■Squaw. See Brock. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 171 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Squire; point, on Call creek, between Johnstone strait and Knight inlet, Coast dis- trict, B.C. (Not Square.) Squirrel. See Footprint. Srigley; I'ay, south shore of Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Stafford; rock, north of Western Duck island, Manitoulin district. Ont. Stainforfti. See Staniforth. Stake ; creek, flowing into Quiet lake, Yukon. Stanawan ; lake, S.W, of Dinor«nc L., Kenora district, Ont. (Not Grassy River lake.) Stanford; range of mountains, between Columbia and Kootenay rivers. B.C. Staniforth; point, entrance to Gardner canal. Coast district, B.C. (Not Stainforth.) Stanley; a spur of the Valkyr mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Stanley; island, near Summerstown, Glengarry county, Ont. (Not Craigs.) Stanley; river, tributary to Tatshenshini river, Cassiar district, B.C. Stanley; village. York county. N.B. (Not Stanley Village.) Stanley Corners; post office, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Stanley's Corners.) Stanley Mills; post office. Peel county, Ont. (Not Stanley's Mills.) Sianlcv Village. See Stanley. Stanzhikimi ; lake, west of Tawatinaw lake, Kenora liistrict, B.C. Stapledon; inland, E. of Lelu I., near entrance Inverness passage, Coa.st district, B.C. Star; creek, branch of Hunker creek, Yukon. Starnesboro; post office, Huntingdon county, Que. (Not Starnesborough.) Starr; creek, tributary to Felly river, between Hoole and Ketza rivers, Yukon. Starvation; creek, on the international boundary, Kootenay, B.C. (Not Akamina.) Starvation. See Strawberry. Stave; island, Navy group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Big Stave.) Steamboat. See Shawatum. Steel. See Hayes. Steele; town, Kootenay district, B.C. Railway station of same name 7 miles south of town. (Not Fort Steele.) Steep; creek, tributai-y to Beaverfoot river. Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Steepbank; river, emptying into lake Claire, Alta. (Not Steep Bank nor Steep-bank.) Steeprock; lake, west of Crane bay, also point east of Peonan point, L. Manitoba. (Not Steep Rock.) Steeprock; river, flowing to northerly end of L. Winnipegosis, Man. (Not Steep Rock.) Steevens; island, north of Greene island, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Cariboo nor Little Green.) Stelako. See Stellako. Stella; village, on telegraph trail near mouth of Stellako river, Coast district, B.C. Stellako; river, connecting Francois and Fraser lakes, B.C. (Not Stelako.) Stephen; lake, north of Kakagi lake, Kenora district, Ont. Stephen; mount, and railway station, Kootenay district, B.C. Stephens. See Navy. Sterling. See Stirling. Stevens; creek, north of Whatshan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Stevens; island, Soutbgate group. Queen Charlotte sound. Coast district. B.C. 172 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Stevens; mount, south of Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Stevens. See Navy. Stewart ; canyon, Cascade river, Kocky Mountains park. Alberta. Stewart; lake, west of Parrywood station, Kenora district, Ont. Stewart; river, tributary to Yukon river, Yukon. Stewart; rock, in Owen channel, Manitoulin district, Ont. Stewart. See Kouyn. Stewart. See Stuart. SticTc-ah-din. See Stikyardin. SticTcelahn. See Stikela. Stikela; creek, flowing into Tatlayoko lake. Coast district, B.C. (Not Stickelahn.) Stikine; river, Cassiar district. B.C. (Not Stickeen nor Stikeen, etc.) Stikyadin; lake and mountains, at junction of Bulkley and Skeena rivers, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Stick-ah-din.) Stimson; creek, tributary to Highwood river, Alta. (Not S. Branch of Highwood R.) Stimukoktok; cape, east shore Ungava bay. New Quebec. Stirling; lake and village, southwestern Alta. (Not Sterling nor Eighteen ^lile lake.) Stittville; post village and railway station, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Stittsville.) Stockham; island, east of Opitsat, Clayoquot sound, Vancouver island. B.C. Stockmer; mount, north of Howard creek, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Stockwell; lake, Tp. 27, R. 8„ and Tps. 27 and 28, R 9, W. 3 M., Saskatchewan. (Not Red Deer.) Stokes; bay and river, in Bruce county, Ont. Stone; island, southeast of Stockham island, Clayoquot sound, Vancouver I., B.C. Stone. See Mirond. Stoneherg; cove, Weller bay, Prince Edward county, Ont. Stoneburgh ; cove. Weller B., Ameliasburg Tp., Pr. Edw. Co., Ont. (Not Stoneburgh's.) Stonecliff; railway station and village, Renfrew county, Ont. (Not Rockliffe.) Previous decision revised, P.O. Dept. and Ry. Co. having changed the name to avoid confusion with the well known ' Rockclifie ' at Ottawa. Stonehouse. See Glengarry. Stoney; creek and Stoney Creek village, Wentworth county, Ont. (Not Stony.) Stony; creek, tributary to M'Clintock river, Yukon. Stony; islet, north of Kincardine, Bruce county, Ont Stony, lake. Burleigh township, Peterborough covmty, Ont. Stony; point, north of Corbay point, Manitoulin district, Ont. Stony; point, Presque'ile bay, Brighton Tp., Northumberland Co., Ont, (Not Stoney.) Stony. See Barrie. Stony. See Blake. Stony. See Melfort. Stony. See Okemasis. Stony. See Stoney. Stonyplain; post office, west df Edmonton. Alberta. (Not Stony Plain.) Stoplog; lake, Burleigh township, Peterborough county, Ont. (Not Stop Log.) Storm ; creek, tributarv to Highwood river. Alberta. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Storm; mountain, north of mount Ball, Alta. and Kootenay district, B.C. Stormy; lake, Glamorgan township, Haliburton county, Ont. Stouffville; village and railway station, Whitchurch township, York county, Ont. (Not Stouffville Junction.) Stovel; peak, south of Talaha bay, Tagish lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Stovin; island, Brock group, St. Lawrence R., Leeds, Ont. (Not Picnic nor Refugee.) Straggle; lake, Harcourt township, Haliburton county, Ont. Straight. See Opinaka. Stranger; lake, southwest of Kimmewin lake, Kenora district, Ont. Stratford; township, Wolfe county. Que. Stratharbo; settlement, Northumberland county, N.B. (Not Strathabo.) Strathcona; island, west of Crooks inlet, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Strawberry; island, in lake Simcoe, Ontario county, Ont. (Not Starvation.) Stuart; channel, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Stuart: lake and river, tributary to Nechako river. Coast district, B.C. (Not Stewart.) Stupart; bay, south shore of Hudson strait, New Quebec. Sturgeon. See Chalk. Sturgeon. See Cremazie. Sturgeon. See Namew. Sturgeon. See Nemei. Sturgeon-weir; river, flowing into Cumberland lake, Sask. (Not Sturgeon Weir.) Stutfield; peak, southeast of mount Alberta, Rocky mountains. Alberta. Stutzer; mount, east of Nordenskiold river, Yukon. Sucker. See Garden. Sucker. See Gladys. Sucher. See Nemeibennuk. Sugar. See Mulcaster. Sugarbush; lake, Addington township, Ottawa county, Que. (Not Sugar Bush.) Sugarloaf; mountain, northwest of Beaver mountain, Sell^irk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Sugarloaf; mountain, near Stikine river, north of Iskut river, Cassiar district, B.C. Suggi; lake, on Grassberry river, central Saskatchewan. (Not Little Pelican.) Sullivan; hill, north of St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Sullivan; lake, south of Battle river, Alberta. (Not Sullivan's.) Sullivan; mount, east of mount Lyell, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Sullivan; mount, west of Dease lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Sulphur; creek, tributary to Indian river, Yukon. Sulphur; mountain, south of Banff, Alberta. Sumac. See Robert. Sumach. See Everest. Sumallo; river, tributary to Skagit river, Yale district, B.C. (Not Sumallow.) Sumas; lake, post office, railway junction, and river, south of Fraser river. New West- minster district, B.C. (Not Sumass.) Sumass. See Somass. Sumass. See Sumas. 174 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Summit; lake, south of Bernard lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Summit; railway station, Kenora district, Ont. Summit. See Sasakwei. ' Sunday; lake, Eowell township, Kenora district, Ont. Sunday; mountain, west of the north end of lake Laberge, Yukon. Sunday; peak, east of Tagish lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Sunny Brae; post office and railway station, Westmorland county, N.B. Sunshine; creek, east of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Sunshine; lake, northeast of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Sunwapta; river, flowing from Wilcox pass northwesterly into Athabaska river. Alberta. Superior, Lake; (Fr. Lac Superieur). The largest body of fresh water in the world and highest of the five great lakes of the St. Lawrence system. Supply. See Depot. Surge; narrows, easterly entrance to Okisollo channel. Coast district, B.C. Surprise; lake, an expansion of the upper Broadback river, Abitibi territory, Que. Surprise; lake, east of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Kusiwah.) Surprise; lake, south of Onamakawash l-l-:(\ Tlmnder Bay district, Ont. Surprise; mountain, west of the north end of lake Laberge, Yukon. Survey; mountain, at headwaters of Leech river, Vancouver island, B.C. Surveyor ; island, opp. Bucks bay, St. Lawrence R., Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Surveyor's.) Suskwa; river, tributary to Bull^ley river, near Hazelton, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Bear nor Susqua.) Sutherland; river, tributary to Inverness river, south of Lesser Slave lake, Alta. Sutil; cape, at westerly entrance to Goletas channel, northerly coast of Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Commerell.) Sutton; bay, at north end of lake Timiskaming, Ont. (Not Sutton's.) Sutton; lake, north of Ekwan river, Patricia, Ont. (Not Sutton Mill lake.) Sutton Junction; post office and railway station, Brome county, Que. (Not Druni- inondville Junction.) Sv/amp; lake and portage, southwest of Saganaga lake, international boundary, Rainy River district, Ont. Swan; island, in Columbia river, between Upper and Lower Arrow lakes, B.C. Swan; lake and river, also Swan River, post office and railway station, Manitoba. Swan; river, flowing northerly into Lesser Slave lake, central Alberta. Swan. See Carson. Swanson; channel, between Moresby and Pender Is., S.E. coast of Vancouver I., B.C. Swanzy ; mount, also glacier, east of !Mt. Bonney, Selkirk ^Rlts., Kootenay district, B.C. Sweathouse; creek, tributary to Little Smoky river, Alta. (Not Sweat House.) Swede; creek, tributary to Yukon river, above Dawson, Yukon. Swede; island, southeast of Sturgeon bay. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Sweet Tlerh. See Wekusko. Swehl-tclia. See Cultus. Swetman ; island, the eastern of the " False Ducks " — which see. Swiss; peaks, Selkirk mountains. Kootouay district. B.C. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA I75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Sydney. See Sidney. Sylvan; lake, east of ]\redicine river, southern Alberta. C^ot Snake.) Sylvia Grinnell; river, emptying into Frobisher bay, N.W.T. Syndicate; lake, west of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Syringa; creek, tributary to Columbia R., S. of Lower Arrow L.. Kootenay dist., B.C. Tabasintac. See Tabusintac. Tabasokwia; river, tributary to upper Winisk river, Patricia district. Ont. Tabernacle; mountain, Selkirk range, Kootenay district, B.C. Tahlsintac. See Tabusintac. Table; mountain, Tp. 4, R. 2, W. 5 M., southern Alberta. Tabusintac; river and village, Northumberland county, N.B. (Not Tabasintac nor Tabisintac.) Tache; railway station, Kenora district, Ont. Tachick; lake, on telegraph trail, south of Nechako river. Coast district, B.C. Tacho. See Tatslio. Tackle; creek, tributary to Wild Horse river, Kootenay district, B.C. Tadoussac; towTiship and village, Saguenay county, Que. (Not Tadousac.) Taggart ; creek and lake, tributary to Cowan river, central Sask. (Not Eat.) Tagish; lake and post office, east of Bennett lake, Cassiar district, B.C., and Yukon. Tahltan; lalve, and river tributary to Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. Tahtaloo. See Campbell. Tahte. See Nisling. Taibi; lake, south of Mattagami lake, Abitibi territory. Que. Takakkaw; falls, Yoho river, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Talaracshau. See Eau Doree. Takhini; river, tributary to Lewes river, Yukon. Takipy. See Kississing. Taku; arm of Tagish lake, Cassiar district, B.C. and Yukon. Taku; river, Cassiar district, B.C. Taku. See Graham. Talaha; bay, in Taku arm of Tagish lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Talbot; lake, Redditt township, Kenora district, Ont. Tallan; lake, Chandos towTiship, Peterborough county, Ont. (Not Tallan's.) Talloii; creek, tributai-y to Beaverfoot R., S.E. of Leanchoil, Kootenay district, B.C. Taltmain; lake, south of lower Pelly river, Yukon. Tamagaming. See Timagami. Tamihi; creek. New Westminster and Yale districts, B.C. (Not Taniihy nor Tam- meahai.) Tangamong; lake, Lake township, Hastings county, Ont. (Not Tangamongue.) Tangier; harbour, island ,lake, and town, Halifax Co., N.S. (Not Tangier Grand lake.) Tantalus; butte, near confluence of Lewes and Nordenskiold rivers, Yukon. Tanzilla; river, tributary to Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. 176 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Taouagadec. See Tawagadik. Tapani; lake and river, tributary to Lievre river, Montcalm county, Que. (Not Tapanee nor Tepanee.) Tar; island, east of Rockport, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Tarte; bay, in Kitimat arm. Coast district, B.C. Taseco. See Taseko. Taseko; lakes (2) and river, tributary to Chilko river, Lillooet district, B.C. (Not Taseco nor Whitewater.) Tasheigama. See Asheigamo. Tashka; rapids, upper Winisk river, above Tabasokwia E., Patricia district, Ont. Tasin; mountains, upper Stewart river, Yukon. Tasso; lake, Finlayson township, Nipissing district, Ont. Tasurah. See Payne. Tatchun ; river, tributary to Lewes river, between Rink and Five-finger rapids, Yukon. (Not Tatchum.) 'Tatei ; ridge, east of Mumm peak. Rocky mountains. Cariboo district, B.C. (Not Tatay.) Tatihi. See Tattiki. Tatla; lake, headwaters of Chilanko river, Coast district, B.C. Tatlahco. See Tatlayako. Tatlayako; river, tributary to Bella Coola river , Coast district, B.C. (Not Tatlahco nor Tatlayoo.) Tatlayoco. See Tatlayoko. Tatlayoko; lake, west of Chilko lake. Coast district, B.C. (Not Tatlayoco.) Tatlayoo. See Tatlayako. Tatlow; mount, east of Chilko lake, Lillooet district, B.C. Tatonduk; river, tributary to Yukon river, Yukon. (Not Tatonduc.) Tatshenshini ; river, tributary to Alsek river, Cassiar district, B.C. and Yukon. Tatsho; creek, tributary to Tanzilla river, Cassiar district, B.C. Tatsho; mountain, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Tacho, nor Eightmile.) Tattiki; bay, in Taku arm of Tagish lake, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Tatiki.) Tawagadik; river, flowing into Matane river, Matane county, Que. (Not Taouagadec nor Towagodi.) Tawatinaw; lake and river, in eastern ix)rtion of Kenora district, Ont. Tawatinaw ; river, flowing into Athabaska river, near Athabaska town. Alberta. Tawina; creek, tributary to Silver Salmon river, Cassiar district, B.C. Taxes; river, trib. to Miramichi R., York Co., N.B. (Not Taxis, Taxous nor Texas.) taxis. See Taxes. Taxous. See Taxes. Tay; river, tributary to Pelly river, Yukon. Taye; lake, southeast of Hutshi lakes, Yukon. Taylor ; island, south of Port Dover, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Dover nor Taylor's.) Taylor; reef, Misery bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Taysen; lake, northwest of Ruth lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Tchork-back. See Chorkbak. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF VAX ADA 177 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d ■ .' Tea; lake, in Algonquin National park, Nipissing district, Ont. Teal ; lake, on Grass river, Manitoba. Tecumseli; cove. Cove island, at entrance to Georgian bay, Bruce county, Ont. Teggau; lake, southeast of ^Yinnange lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Clearwater.) Tekarra. mount, east of Athabaska R., opposite the mouth of Miette R., Alta. Telegraph; creek, tributary to Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. Telegraph Creek; village, Cassiar district, B.C. Telegraph; island and narrows, bay of Quinte, Hastings and Prince Edward Cos., Ont. Telkwa ; river, tributary to Bulkley R. Coast district, B.C. (Not Tel-kwa nor Telqua.) Temagami. See Timagami. Temiscaming. See Timiskaming. Temiscamingiie. See Timiskaming. Temishaming. See Timiskaming. Tempest; lake, south of Surprise lake, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Temple : mount, east of mount Lefroy, Alberta. Tenants. See Terence. Tendinenda; lake. Mack and Scarfe townships, Algoma district, Ont. (Not Maden- danada, Matinatinda, nor Tendinendan.) Tp.necape. See Tennycape. Tenny; cape, Hants county, N.S. (Not Teny.) Tennycape; river and village, Hants county, N.S. (Not Tenecape nor Tenycape.) Ten Peaks; valley of, east of mount Temple, Alta. (Not Desolation nor Lonely.) Tent; mountain, south of Crowsnest. Alta., and Kootenay district, B.C. Tent. See Peel. Tent Island (shoal). See Peel. Teny. See Tenny. Tenycape. See Tennycape. -Terence; basin, bay, river, and rock, also Terence Bay post settlement; Halifax county, N.S. (Not Tenants bay. Tern bay. Turner bay, nor Turnerbay rock.) Teresa; island, in Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Goat.) Terminal ; peak, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Green's peak.) Terrace ; ridge, on Porcupine river, northeast of mount Dewdney, Yukon. Terrahina; creek, tributary to Nakina R., Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Terra Heena.) Terry; point, at southeast entrance to Johnston harbour, Bruce county, Ont. Tesaycau. See Tesekau. Tesekau; lake, an expansion of the lower part of Marten river, IMistassini territory. Que. (Not Tesaycau.) Teslin; lake and river, B.C. and Yukon. (Not Hootalinqua nor TesHn-too.) Tesse-Clewee. See Klewi. Tetagouche; river, Gloucester county, N.B. (Not Teteaguche nor Tete a Gouche.) TeteagoucTie. See Tetagouche. Tetreauville ; post office, Laval county, Que. (Not Tetreaultville.) Texas. See Taxes. The Beehive; mountain, west of lake Louise, Alberta. The Big (slough). See Alexander. 2od—12 178 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 The Bishops; rang-e of mountains, in the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. The Coteau; the eastern edge of a prairie steppe, southern Saskatchewan. The Dome; mountain, northeast of ]\rt. Bonney, Selkirk Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. The Elhow. See Elbow. The Goat's Looking Glass. See Agries. The Golden Ears. See Blanshard. The Grove ; post village, east of London, Middlesex county, Ont. The Knoh; mountain, near Stikine R., N. of Iskut R., Cassiar, B.C. (Not "Knob.") The Lahe. See Cobb. Thelew. See Thelon. Thelon ; river, tributary to Dubawnt river, N.W.T. (Not Ark-e-leenik nor Thelew.) The Mitre; mountain, east of mount Lefroy, Alberta. The Monarch; mountain, S.W. of Mt. Bourgeau, Rocky Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. The Narrows; in South bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. The Needles; narrows, Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. The Overlook; mountain, in the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. The Pas. See Pas. The President; mountain, north of Emerald mountain. Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Named for the president of the C.P.R. Co. See also President. The Punts; islands, Lake Fleet gi'oup, St. La^vrence river, Leeds county, Ont. The Rampart; ridge, between Mt. Afton and "The Dome," Selkirk Mts., B.C. The Ridge; bar, in Owen channel, Manitoulin district, Ont. Therien ; lakes, in eastern Alberta. The Saddle. See Saddle mountain. The Steeples; moimtains, east of Kootenay river, Kootenay district, B.C. The Stragglers. See Wenkchemna. Thetford; railway station, river, township, and village, Megantic county, Que. (Not Thetford Mines, station and village.) The Three Guardsmen; mountains, south of Aishihik lake, Yukon. Thetis; island, north of Kuper island, southeast coast of Vancouver I., B.C. The Twins. See Twin peaks. The Vice President; mountain. President range. Rocky mountains, Kootenay dis- trict. B.C. (Not Angle peak.) So named for the vice-president of the C.P.R. Co. The Wart; hill, at mouth of Koksoak river. New Quebec. Thihault; shoal, running south from Manitoulin island to Inner Duck island, Mani- toulin district, Ont. Thibert; creek, flowing into the northerly end of Dease lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Thickwood; hills, central Saskatchewan. Thirty-one-mile ; lake, Ottawa county. Que. (Not Grand Lac du Commissaires.) Thistle; creek, tributary to Yukon river, above White river, Yukon. Thistle; reef, in Portage bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Thleweechodezeth. See Backs. Thom; mount, north of Dartmouth, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Tom.) Thomas; bay and point, near South Baymouth, Manitoulin district, Ont. Thomas; river, emptying into the northerly end of Frances L., Yukon. (Not Tootlas.) GEOaRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Thomasine. See Tomasine. Thompson ; cove, east of cape Spencer, St. John county, N.B. Thompson; creek, tributary to Watson river, southern Yukon. Thompson ; mount, northwest of Bow lake. Alberta. (Not Thompson's.) Thomson; lake, Lake township, Hastings county, Ont. (Not Thomson's.) Thor; mount, west of Upper Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Thorn. See Maple. Threefork; river, flowing into Wabigoon lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Three Fork.) Threehills; creek, north of Kneehills creek. Alberta. (Not Three Hills.) Threemile Plains; post village, Hants county, N.S. (Not Three Mile Plains.) Threemount; bay and point, east of Mclntyre bay. lake Nipigon. Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Three Mount nor Three Mountain.) Threepoint; creek, tributary to Sheep river, also movmtain, southern Alberta. Threepoint; lake, on Burntwood river, Manitoba. (Not Nistowasis.) Three Sisters; mountain peaks, south of Canmore, Kocky Mountains park, Alberta. Thron-diuck. See Klondike. Thrumcap; shoal, at entrance to Halifax harbour, Halifax county, N.S. Thumb. See Galena. Thunder; bay, and cape at east entrance to the bay, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Thunder; creek, flowing into Pelican lake, southern Saskatchewan. Thunder; lake, north of Wabigoon lake, Kenora district, Ont. Thurlow; township, Hastings county, Ont. Thwartway; island, Admiralty group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Leak or Leek.) Tiahn. See Tian. Tian; point, Graham island, Queen Charlotte Is., Coast district, B.C. (Not Tiahn.) Ticouahi. See Tikuape. Tidds; island. Admiralty gTOup, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Tide; lake, English river, below Maynard lake, Kenora district, Ont. Tide; rock, Southgate group, Queen Charlotte sound, Coast district, B.C. Tiernan. See Ogoki. Tiger; brook, tributary to riviere des Quinze, Timisknming county, (Juc. Tigonankweine ; range of mountains. Gravel R. N.W.T. (Not Tigenankwene.) Tikonahi. See Tikuape. Tikuape; post office and river. Lake St. John county. Que. (Not Ticouabi, Tikonabe, Tikouabi, Tikouape, nor Tikouapee.) Til-e-i-tsho. See Tillei. Tillei; lake, north of Frances lake, Yukon. (Not Til-c-i-tsho.) Tilley; mount, ea.st of Mt. Mackenzie, Kootenay district, B.C. Tillsonburg; town, Oxford county, Ont. (Not Tilsonburg.) Tilted; mountain, west of Lychnis movnitain, Kocky mountains, Alberta. Timagami; lake, Nipissing district, Ont. (Not Tamagaming nor Temagami.) Timber; bay, and Timber Bay shoal, S. shore of Manitoulin I., Manitoulin dist., Ont Timber; island, the western of the ''False Ducks" — which sec. 2.5^— 12i 180 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Timiskaming ; lake, Timiskaming, Ontario and Quebec. (Xot Temiseaming, Temis- camingue, nor Temiskaming.) Tinson; point, Gabriola island, strait of Georgia, B.C. (Not Eocky.) Tintina; valley, central Yukon. A great depression occupied successively by Pelly, Kalzas, Stewart, and Klondike rivers, and extending to the Yukon. Tisiriuk; lake, emptying into Leaf river. New Quebec. (Not Seal.) Titkana; peak, northeast of Mount Eobson, Rocky mountains, Cariboo district, B.C. (Not Ptarmigan.) Tlet-tlan-a-tsoots. See Finlayson. Tobermory; harbour and village, at N.W. extreme of Saugeen peninsula, Bruce Co., 0. Tobey; point, west side of Prince Rui)ert harbour. Coast district, B.C. Tobique; river, tributary to St. John river, from Nictor lake, Eestigouche and Vic- toria counties, N.B. The names ' Nictor ' and 'Little Tobique,' applied to that portion of the river above * the forks,' to be dropped. Tobique. See Trousers. Toby; creek, flowing easterly into Columbia river, at Athalmer, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Toba.) Tod; creek and inlet, Saanich inlet, Vancouver island, B.C. Todman; reef, at mouth of Thomas bay, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. TodnustooJc. See Tulnustuk. Tofino; inlet, also townsite on Low peninsula, Clayoquot sound, Vancouver L, B.C. Tokumm; creek, south of Deltaform mountain, Kootenay district, B.C. Tolmie; reef, between Kincardine, and Clark point, Bruce county, Ont. Tom. See Thorn. Tomasine; river, Pontiac county. Que. (Not Thomasine nor Tomassino.) Tombstone; mountain, northeast of Kananaskis lakes, southern Alberta. Tomkinson; point, Ursula channel, Coast district B.C. (Not Tomkinsin.) Tomlinson. point, Blunden harbour. Queen Charlotte sound, Coast district, B.C. Tonkawatla; river, tributary to Columbia R., Kootenay dist., B.C. (Not Tonca Watla.) Toochi. See Tutshi. Too-flat; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. ToohooUtas. See Tuhulitas. ToolnustooTc. See Tulnustuk. Too-much-gold ; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. Toonlcwa. See Tunkwa. Too-tlas. See Thomas. Tooya. See Tuya. Topham; mount, southeast of Mt. Macoun, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Torch; lake, southwest of Candle lake, central Saskatchewan. (Not Little Candle.) Torch; river, emptying into Cumberland lake, eastern Sask. (Not Big Sturgeon.) Tornait. See Newton. Torrent. See St. Mary. Torres; channel, between Teresa and Copper islands and west shore of Atlin lake, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not West channel, Torres straits, nor Tory inlet.) Tortue; river, Saguenay county, Que. (Not Fall.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Tortus. See Orme. Tory. See Torres. Totog'an ; lake, north of Kanuchuau river, upper Winisk river, Patricia district, Ont. Touchwood; hill, southern Saskatchewan. Toussaint; island, above Iroquois point, St. Lawrence river, Dunda3 county, Ont. (Not Tousaint's, Toussaint's, nor Toussons.) Toussons. See Toussaint. Towagodi. See Tawagadik. Tower; creek, tributary to St. Mary river, Kootenay district, B.C. Tower; peak, north of Quiet lake, Yvikon. Tower of Babel; mountain, east of Moraine lake, southern Alberta Towincut; creek and mountain, S. of Cowichan L., Vancouver I., B.C. (Not Nixon.) Toyehill; village, Dundas county, Ont. (Not Toy's Hill.) Tracy; creek and post office, east of Kootenay river, north of Steele, Kootenay, B.C. Trade; lake, on Churchill river, above Reindeer river, Sask. (Not Island lake.) Trading; lake, Ridout township, Muskoka district, Ont. TraflS.c; mountain, north of Pelly lakes, Yukon. Trail. See Chungo. Tramping; lake, southwest of Battleford, Sask. Trap; mountain, west of Sooke river, Vancouver island, B.C. Trapper ; creek, tributary to W. fork of Kettle river, Similkameen district, B.C. (Not E. fork of W. fork of Kettle river.) Travers (lac de) : lake, at headwaters of St. Maurice river, Champlain county, Que. Traverse; bay, mouth of Winnipeg river, Manitoba. Tremayne; bay, in southern portion of Digby island. Coast district, B.C. Trent; river, flowing into the bay of Quinte at Trenton, Hastings and Northumber- land counties, Ont. Trenton; town, at western end of the bay of Quinte, Hastings county, Ont. Trepanege; plateau and river, west of Okanagan lake, Osoyoos district, B.C. (Not Deep creek nor Trepanier river.) Trepanier. See Trepanege. Triangle; lake, southeast of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Trident; mountain, southwest of Kinbasket lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Trident; point, on north shore of the bay of Quinte, Hastings Co., Ont. (Not Long.) Trincomali; channel, between Galiano and Saltspring islands, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Trincomalee nor Trincomalie.) Trivet; point, on the northerly portion of Princess Royal island. Coast district, B.C. Trodely; island, north of Charlton island, James bay. Que. (Not Little CharltC'ii.) Trois Bras. See Holden. Trolltinder; mountain, south of mount Balfour, Kootenay district, B.C. Troughton ; island, Lake Fleet group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Trousers; lake, Lome parish, Victoria county, N.B. (Not Tobique.) Trout ; creek, branch of McDame creek, Dease river, Cassiar district, B.C. Trout. See Buntzen. Trout. See Crean. 182 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Trout. See Hayes. Trout. See Peerless, Truda; peaks, Hermit range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Tsetelui; lake, at headwaters of Kakuchuya E., Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Tseteloui.) Tshensagi. See Chensagi. Tsichu; river, tributary to Gravel river, N.W.T. (Not Tsi-Choo.) Tsinhut. See Sinkut. Tuck; inlet, narrows, and point, north of Prince Rupert harbour, B.C. ^Not Tuck's.) Tucker; creek and lake, emi^tying into Allumette bay, Renfrew county, Ont. Tudjakdjuan. See Resolution. TudjaJcdjudusirn. See Gabriel. Tug^ell ; creek, west of Otter point, Juan de Fuca strait, Vancouver island, B.C. Tuhulitas; inlet, north of Cyrus Field bay, N.W.T. (Not Toohoolitas.) Tulameen; mountain, river, and village, Yale district, B.C. (Not Tulameen city.) Tulip; creek, east of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Tullin; mountain, west of outlet of Chilko L., Coast district, B.C. (Not Tull-in.) Tulnustuk; river, Saguenay county. Que. (Not Todnustook nor Toolnustook.) Tummeahai. See Tamihi. Tummel; river, tributary to Pelly river, Yukon. Tun; island. Blind bay, Halifax county, N.S. (Not Tuns.) Tunagamik; lake, at headwaters of Ottawa river, Joliett^ county. Que. Tunkwa; lake, Tp. 19, R. 21, W. 0 M., Xamloops district. B.C. (Not Toonkwa.) Tunnussaksuk ; point, east shore of Ungava bay. New Quebec. Tupper; mount, also glacier in the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. Turn. See Dryad. Turnagain; point, at entrance to Lynx bay, L. Winnipeg, Man. (Not Saskatchewan.) Turner; mount, east of Stikine river and north of Iskut river, Cassiar district, B.C. Turner. See Terence. Turner. See Whitehom. Turnerville. See Ennett. Turning; island, near S. point of Cove I., entrance to Georgian bay, Bruce Co., Ont. Turquoise; lake, east of mount Balfour, Alberta. Turret; peak, between Adamant and Austerity mountains. Adamant range of the Selkirks, Kootenay district, B.C. Turtle ; mountain, southwestern Manitoba. Turtle ; mountain, south of Frank, southwestern Alberta. Turtle; point, on northerly portion of Gil island, Coast district, B.C. Turtle. See Jarvis. Tuscarora; post settlement and railway station, Brant Co., Ont. (Not Middleport.) Tusket; island and village, Yarmouth county, N.S. (Not Great Tusket island.) 'J'n.slct Wedfic See Wedgcport. Tustles; lake, north of Frances lake, Yukon. (Not Tus-tles-tu.) Tutchi. See Tutshi. Tutesheta; creek, tributary to Taliltan river, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Tuteshita.) Tutshi ; lake and river, S.E. of Bennett L. Cassiar dist., B.C. (Not Toochi nor Tutchi.) GEOGRAPHIC BOIRD OF CANADA 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Tuttle; point, at entrance to Stupart bay, Hudson strait, New Quebec. Tuvalik; Indian village, west coast of Ungava bay, New Quebec. Tuya; lake, and river tributary to Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. (Not Tooya.) Tuzo; mount, east of Deltaform mountain. Bow range of the Rockies, Alta. and B.C. Twelve Mile. See Bronte. Twelve o'clock; point, at the eastern entrance to Murray canal, Murray towns-hip, Northumberland county, Ont. Twenty-five Mile creek. See Harvey creek. Twilight; lake, southwest of Clifl lake, Kenora district, Ont. Twin; butte and creek, near Twin Butte railway station, Kootenay district, B.C. Twin; falls, on the upper part of Yoho river, Kootenay district, B.C. Twin; peaks, north of C(.lunil)ia glacier, Rocky nnniiitaiiis. Alta. (Not The Twins.) Twin. See Dunsmuir. Twin. See Vrooman. Twin Sisters; islands. Brock group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Twitya; river, tributary to Gravel river, N.W.T. (Not Twityeh.) Two-bit; creek, east of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Two Rivers; lake of, in Algonquin National park, Nipissing district, Ont. Tyaughton; mountains, also river flowing into Bridge river, Lillooet district, B.C. Tyee; lake and telegraph station, on trail near Bulldey river, Cassiar and Coast dis- tricts, B.C. (Not Long.) Tyendinaga; township, Hastings county, Ont. Tyers; river, tributary to Frances river, near Frances lake, Yukon. Tyne; point, Departure bay, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Tyrrell; lake, Tp. 5, Rs. 17 and 18, W. 4th M., southern Alberta. (Not Tyrrell's.) Tzuhalem; mountain and post settlement, north of Cowichan river, Vancouver island, B.C. Not Tzouhalem.) u Uihvahsoak. See Uinaksoak. Tlinaksoak; cape, east shore LTngava bay. New Quebec. (Not Uibvaksoak.) Unahini; river, tributary to Tatshenshini river, Yukon. Unaminnikan. See Manomin. TJngava; bay, in northern portion of the province of Quebec. Unger; island, bay of Quinte, mouth of Napanee R., Lennox Co., Ont. (Not Unger's.) Union; bay, east side of Saanich inlet, Vancouver island, B.C. TJnwin ; mount, southwest of tho narrows of ^raligne lake. Rocky mountains. Alta. Uphill; lake, northeast of Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Moonshine nor Kasakacheweiwak.) Upinnalcaw. See Opinnagau. Upper Arrow; lake, an expansion of Columbia river, Kootenay district, B.C. Upper Bow. See Bow. Upper Emerald. See Yoho. Upper FisJiitifj. See (Ju'Appclle. Upper Kootanie. See Duncan. 184 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Upper lahave; village, Lunenburg county, N.S. (Not Upper La Have.) Upper Manitou. See Anzhekumraing. Upper Nicola. See Nicola. Upper Savage; islands, east of Big island, Hudson strait, N.W.T. (Not Savage.) Upper White Fish. See Jarvis. Urd; a peak of the Valhalla mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Ursula; channel, east of Gribbell island, Coast district, B.C. Ursus Major; mountain. Hermit range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Ursus Minor; mountain, Hermit range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Usatzes; point, N.E. point of Low peninsula, Clayoquot sound, Vancouver I., B.C. Uto; peak, near mount Sir Donald, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. TTztlius; river, tributary to Anderson river, Yale district, B.C. (Not Uz-tli-hoos nor Uzvioos.) Vadso; rock, off the southwest point of Larcom island, Observatory inlet, Cassiar district, B.C. Valdes; island, in the southern portion of the strait of Georgia, B.C. V aides. See Maurelle, Quadra, and Sonora. Recent surveys proved that the name Valdes covered three isilands, which have been named separately as above, and the former name has been discarded to avoid duplication. Valhalla; mountains, west of Slocan lake, Kootenay 'district, B.C. (Not Val Halla.) Valkyr; mountains, east of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay, B.C. (Not Valkyriur.) Valley; river, flowing easterly into Dauphin lake, Manitoba. Valleyview; post office, north of Wapella, Sask. (Not Valley View.) Valois; village, Jacques Cartier county, Que. (Not Valoisville.) Valoisville. See Valois. Vananda; cove and post settlement, Texada island, strait of Georgia, B.C.' (Not Van Anda.) Van Buren; island, northeast of Tar island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Vancouver; creek, tributary to McQuesten river, Yukon. Van Hooven. See Van Houten. Van Home ; brook, glacier, neve, and range of mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Van Houten ; creek, E. of Lower Arrow L., Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Van Hooven.) Vankoughnet; bay, east of The NarroTPS, L. Manitoba, Man. Vansittart; island, northeast of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds Co., Ont. Vaudray; lake, Vaudray township, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Long.) Vaudreuil; bay, railway station, rapids, and post village, also Vaudreuil Station post office, Vaudreuil county. Que. (Not Dorion.) Vaux; mount, also glacier, northeast of Leanchoil station, Kootenay district, B.C. Vedder; mountain, international boundary, New Westminster district, B.C. Venn; passage between Metlakatla bay and Prince Rupert harbour, B.C. Ventadour; lake, Qtiebec county, Que. (Not Kakisksagamak.) Ventego; mountain, Selkirk range, Kootenay district, B.C. Verdigris; coulee and lake, north of Milk river, southern Alberta. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAN AD A 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Vermilion; bay and railway station, Eagle L., Kenora district, Ont. (Not Vermillion.) Vermilion.. .^eQ Little Vermilion, Vermilion. See Pink. Vermilion. See Red. Verney; passage, between Hawkesbury and Gribbell islands. Coast district, B.C. Vernon; creek and lake, at headwaters of Xinipkisli river, Vancouver island, B.C. Vertebrae ; mountain, north of Bush river. Rocky Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Verte-Vallee ; post office, Vaudreuil county, Que. (Not Green Valley.) Vertical; mountain, east of Kootenay river, Kootenay district, B.C. Vesuvius; bay, Saltspring island, southeast coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Vesuvius; hill, north of Wlieaton river, southern Yukon. Victor; island, in Muchalat arm of Nootka sound, Vancouver island. B.C. Victoria; mount, also glacier, in the Bow range of the Rockies, Alta.. and Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Mt. Green.) Victoria; island, N.W.T. Portions of this island have been known as 'Victoria Land," " Prince Albert Land," and " Wollaston Land." Victoria; island, Brock group, St. LawreiK^e river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Mile.) Victoria; peak, northwest of Crown mountain, Vancouver island, B.C. Victoria. See Broadback. Vidette; peak, Sir Sandford range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Vigilant; island, on north side of Prince Rupert harbour, B.C. (Not Bacon.) Vigilant; rock, east of Grantham shoals, Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Village Belanger. See Belanger. Village Richelieu. See Richelieu. Villanova; post office, Norfolk county, Ont. (Not Villa Nova.) Villemontel ; river tributary to Kinojevis river, Timiskaming county. Que. (Not Nawapitechin.) Vingolf; mount, west of Slocan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Violadale; post village, Marquette electoral district, Man. (Not Viola Dale.) Voisin (lac) ; lake, northeast of Taggart lake, central Saskatchewan. Volcano; creek, tributary to Sheep river, southern Alberta. Volunteer; spit, between Birch and Walker points, Manitoulin I., Manitoulin dist., Ont. Von Wilczek; valley, on Lewes river, above Pelly river, Yukon. Vowle ; mount, west of Schwatka river, southern Yukon. Vrooman; islands, McGregor cove, Bruce county, Ont. (Not Twin.) Vulture ; col, between mounts Gordon and Olive, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Vulture. See Winnange. w Waagan. See Wagan. Waagoosh. See Waugush. Wabakimi; lake, northwest of Smoothrock lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Wabamun; lake, south of St. Ann, central Alberta. (Not White Whale.) Wabanoni; river, emptying into Obaska lake, Timiskaming, Que. (Not Wabinoni.) Wahasca. See Wabiskaw. 186 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Wahashoutyunh. See Kempt. Wabaskus; lake, southeast of Abitibi lake, Timiskaming county, Que. Wabassi; brook, Templeton township, Ottawa county. Que. Wabi; bay and creek, at the head of lake Timiskaming, Ont. Wabigoon ; lake, river, and railway station, Kenora district, Ont. (Xot Wabigwunn.) Wahigwunn. See Wabigoon. W abinoni. See Wabanoni. Wabinosh; bay, lake, and river, on west side of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Out. Wabishkok; lakes, south of Kisseynew lake, Manitoba. Wabiskaw; lakes and river, tributary to Peace river, northern Alberta. (Not Loon river nor Wabasca or Wnbiscaw lakes.) Waddell; bay, Frobisher bay, N.W.T. (Not Dyer sound.) Wadopi; brook, tributary to upper Winisk river, Patricia district, Ont, Wadsworth; lake, Tudor township, Hastings county, Ont. Wagabkedei; lake, northwest of Attawapiskat lake, Patricia district, Ont. Wagan; river, tributary to Eestigouche R., ITadawaska Co., N.B. (Not Waagan.) Wagosh ; bay and reef, Cockburn island, Manitoulin district, Ont. (Not Wahgoosh.) Wa^jwaheya. See Wagwabika. Wagwabika; lake, headwaters of Lievre R., St. Maurice Co., Que. (Not Wagwabeya.) Wahhiquekohing. See Wakwekobi. Wahcomatagaming. See Wakomata. Wahgoosh. See Wagosh. WaJmapitae. See Wanapitei. Wahqiiehohing. See Wakwekobi. W ahwaniclii. See Wakonichi. Waiatt; bay, Okisollo channel, Coast district, B.C. (Not Wi-yat nor Wyatt.) Wai-nusl:. See Winisk. Wain Wright ; basin, between S.E. end of Kaien I. and mainland, Coast district, B.C. Waitabit ; creek, flowing into Columbia river below Donald, Kootenay district, B.C. Wajabal'oute. See Chartier. WaJcamagaming. See Wakami. Wakami; lake, river, and Ry. station, Sudbury district, Ont. (Not Wakamagaming.) Wakaw; lake, northwest of Basin lake, central Saskatchewan. (Not Crooked.) Wakeham; bay, southwest of Wales sound, Hudson strait, New Quebec. Wakinichi. See Wakonichi. Wakomata; lake, north of Gould township, Algoma district, Ont. (Not Clear nor Wahcomatagaming.) Wakonichi; lake, south of Mistassini lake, ]\[istassiui territory, Quo. (Not Wnliwa- nichi nor Wakinichi.) Wakwekobi; lake, Day township, Algoma district, Ont. (Not Wahhiquekohing nor Wahquekobing.) Walbran ; point, north end of Loretta island, Devastation channel. Coast district, B.C. Wales; cape, island, and sound, south shore of Hudson strait, New Quebec. (Not Prince of Wales.) Walkem; islands, Johnstone strait, Coast district, B.C. (Not Pender.) This name adopted to avoid duplication, there being a Pender island further south. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Walker; creek, north of Sixtymile river, near international boundary, Yukon. Walker; mount, north of Blaeberry, river, Kooky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Walker; point, south shore Manitoulin island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Walker; post office, Middlesex county, Ont. (Not Walker's.) Walkhouse; bay and point, northeast of Inner Duck island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Wallace ; island, east of Lynedoch island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Wallace; island, N. of Saltspring L, S.E. coast of Vancouver I., B.C. (Not Narrow.) Wallace: mount, southeast of Beaverdell, Similkameen district, B.C. Wallace; mount, also river, south of Lesser Slave lake, central Alberta. Wallace ; rock, near South Baymouth, Manitoulin district, Ont. Wallbridge; point, Ameliasburg township. Prince Edward county, Ont. Wallenger; creek, tributary to W ! ! Ilor^e river. Kootenay district, B.C. Wall-eye; lake, south of Eagle lake, Kenora district, Ont. Wallis; point, Nanoose harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Walsh; lake, north of Rosamond lake, Kenora district, Ont. Walters; point, north shore of OkisoUo channel, Coast district, B.C. Walton; river and village, Hants county ,N.S. (Not La Tete nor Petite.) Wanapitei; lake, Ey. station, and river, Sudbury district, Ont. (Not Wahnapitae.) Wanderer; shoal, southwest of Lyal island, Bruce county. Ont. Wanipigow; river, emptying into the east side of lake Winnipeg, Man. (Not Hole.) V/anogu; lake, Ledger township. Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Wanogooh.) Wapageisi; lake, east of Anzhekumming lake, Kenora district, Ont. Wapateehk. See Waputik. Wapawekka; lake and range of hills, southeast of L. La Ronge, central Saskatche- wan. (Not Bear lake nor Great Bear Sand hills.) Wapiabi; creek, tributary to south branch of Brazeau river, Alta. (Not Grave.) ]yapichti[iow. See Wapishtigau. Wapikik. See Kapikik. Wapikopa; lake and river, upper waters of Winisk river, Patricia district, Ont. Wapishtigau; brook, tributary to Bumtwood river, Manitoba. (Not Wapichtigow.) Wapiti; river, tributary to Smoky river, central Alberta. Wapitotem; river, between Attawapiskat and Weibikwei lakes, Patricia district, Ont ^yapoos. See Wapus. Wapoose, See Wapus. Wapta; glacier, lake, and mountain, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Wapta. See Cataract. Wapta. See Kicking Horse. Wapta. See Yoho. Wapus; lake and river, N.W. of Kakagi lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Wapoose.) Wapus ; lake and river, east side of Reindeer lake, central Sask. (Not Wapoos.) Wapusanan; lake, north of Grand lake Victoria, Timiskiiniiug county. Que. Wapustagamu; lake, on west branch of St. Augustin river, Saguenay county, Que. (Not Wapustagamoo.) ^Waputik; mountains and snowfield. Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Wapateehk, Wap-ut-teehk, Waputehk, nor Waputehk.) 188 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Ward; bay, in Aylmer lake, Wolfe county, Que. (Not Wardfs.) Ward; inlet, Frobisher bay, N.W.T. (Not A. H. Ward.) Ward; lake, Rattray township, Timiskaming district, Ont. Ward; mount, south of Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Wardner; village, on Kootenay river, south of Bull river, Kootenay district, B.C. Ware; creek, tributary to Sheep river, southern Alberta. Ware; mount, northwest of mount Hoffman, southern Alberta. Wark; channel, northeast side of Tsimpsean peninsula, also island at entrance to the channel, Coast district, B.C. (Not Work.) Wark; island, northeast of Princess Royal island, Coast district, B.C. Wark; mount, near head of Saanich inlet, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Big Saanich, nor Work.) Wark; point, in Victoria harbour, B.C. (Not Warke nor Work.) Warner; bay and point, east of Hopkins point, Bruce county, Ont. Warpath ; river, emptying into the west side of L. Winnipeg, Man. (Not War Path.) Warren; island, south of Beament island, Bruce county, Ont. Warren ; mount, south of southeast end of Maligne lake. Rocky mountains, Alberta. Warwick; cape, east of Resolution island, N.W.T. (Not Resolution.) Wasawakasik; lake, on Churchill river, below Nemei river, Sask. Wascana. See Waskana. Washademoak ; river, tributary to St. John river, Queens county, N.B. (Not Washa- demoac nor Washedemoak.) Washagami; river, tributary to Ekwan river, Patricia, Ont. (Not Washegummy.) Washagomis; lake, south of Shabumeni lake, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Lower Clearwater.) WashedemoaJc. See Washademoak. Washegummy. See Washagami. Washeibemaga ; lake, southeast of Boyer lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Kawa- sheibemagagamak.) Washeka; lake, upper Ottawa river, Pontiac county. Que. (Not Waskega.) Washi ; lake, on Albany river, east of Makokibatan lake, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Lake of the Narrows.) Washikuti; bay and river, Saguenay county. Que. (Not Washsheecootai.) Washimeska; river. Lake St. John county, Que. (Not Ouasiemska nor Wassienska.) Washmawapta ; glacier, E. of Helmet mountain, Rocky Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Washow ; bay, in southern portion of lake W^innipeg, Manitoba. Washsheecootai. See Washikuti. Waskahigan; river, tributary to Little Smoky river. Alberta. Waskaiowaha. See Waskatowaka. Waskana; creek, flowing N.W. past Regina into Qu'Appelle R., Sask. (Not Wascana.) Waskatowaka; lake, at headwaters of Little Churchill R., Man. (Not Waskaiowaka.) Waskega. See Washeka. Waskesiu; creek and lake, tributary to Montreal L., central Sask. (Not Red Deer.) Waskik; lake, southwest of Sipiwesk lake, Manitoba. (Not Waskiktepigo.) Waskiktepigo. See Waskik. Waskwatim. See Wuskwatim. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CA'S'ADA 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Wasp; lake. Redditt township, Kenora district, Ont. Wassiensha. See Washimeska. Waswanipi; H. B. Co.'s post, lake, also river tributary to Nottaway R., Abitibi, Que. Watap; lake, west of Mountain lake, Int. boundary, Thunder E&.j distr^V'- Ont. (Not Rove.) Watch ; island, north of Ilill island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Watcheeshoo. See Watshishu. Watchi; lake, northeast of Reader lake, Manitoba. (Not Mountain.) Waterfall; valley, at the head of Yoho river, Rocky Mts., Kootenay district, B.C. Waterfowl; lakes, on Mistaya river, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Waterhen; lake and river, between Manitoba and Winnipegosis lakes, Manitoba. Waterton; lake and river, southern Alta. (Not Chief Mt. lake nor Kootenai river.) WatsTieeshoo. See Watshishu. Watshishu; river. Sagnenay county, Que. (Not Watcheeshoo nor Watsheeshoo.) Watson; island, between S. end of Kaien I. and mainland, Coast district, B.C. Watson ; railway station, ridge, river, and valley, north of Bennett lake, Ytikon. Watt; railway station, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not Watt Junction.) Watt Junction. See Watt. Waugh : creek, tributary to Goldstream river, Vancouver island, B.C. Waughs; river, Colchester county, N.S. (Not Woug'h's.) Wauguash. See Kaniapiskau. Waugush; lake, Spragge township, Algoma district. Ont. (Not Waagoosh.) Wave. See Wavy. Wavy; lake, north of Battle river. Alberta. (Not Wave.) Wawagosik; lake, west of Harricanaw river, Abitibi territory, Qiie. (Not Wawagosic nor Wawagosie.) Waweig; lake, northwest of Wabinosh lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Wawiag; river, Rainy River and Thunder Bay districts, Ont. (Not Kawawiagamak.) Wawong; lake, near Windigokan L., E. of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Way; point S.W. of Potter point, Amelia-sburg Tp., Prince Edw. Co., Ont. (Not Salt.) Wayagamak; lake, Champlain county, Que. (Not Wayagamack.) \V . D. ■'^miflt's island. See Henry island. Weaver; creek, tributary to Moyie river, Kootenay district, B.C. Wedding; river, tributary to Bell river, Abitibi territoiy, Que. Wedge; island, east of Dokis island, at entrance to Key harbour, Georgian bay. Parry Sound district, Ont. Wedge; point, Ladysmith harbour, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Wedgeport ; village, Yarmouth county. N.S. (Not Tuskot Wedge.) Wedgwood; mount, northeast of mount Assiniboine, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Wedlock; island. Admiralty group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. Weed; hills, southeastern Saskatchewan. WeenisJc. See Winisk. Weese; creek, Brighton township, Northumberland county, Ont. (Not Weese's.) Weggs ; cape, south shore of Hudson strait, New Quebec. 190 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Weibikwei; lake, at head of Winisk river, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Pepisquew nor Winisk.) Weir. See Footprint. Weir. See Hennigar. Weiseieno; lake, near Manitou lake, Kenora district, Ont. Wekusko; lake. Grass river, east of Eeed lake, Man. (Not Herb nor Sweet Herb.) Welcome; lake, Lawrence township, Haliburton county, Ont. Welland; river, Welland county, Ont. (Not Chippewa.) Wellandport ; post office, Lincoln county, Ont. (Not "Welland Port.) Weller; bay, near west end of bay of Quinte, Prince Edward Co., Ont. (Not Weller's.) Wellesley; lake, west of White river, Yukon. Wellington; bay and village, Prince Edward county, Ont. (Not Big Sandy bay.) Wells; shoal, southeast of Lyal reef, Bruce county, Ont. Welsh; bank, north of Scott point, Bruce county, Ont. Welshpool; village, on Eriar bay, Campbello island, Charlotte county, N.B. (Not Campo Bello, Welchpool, nor Welsh-Pool. Wemistagosew ; river, upper waters of Waswanipi river, Abitibi territory, Que. Wenasaga; river, flowing into L. Seul, Patricia district, Ont. WendigoTcan. See Windigokan. Wenkchemna; peaks, in the Bow range of the Rockies, Alta. and Kootenay district- B.C. (Not Desolation range nor " The Stragglers.") Wepishow. See Bumtwood. Wesketahin; village, near the mouth of Unahini river, Yukon. Weslemkoon; lake, Addington county, Ont. West ; bay, the western extremity of lake Evans, Abitibi territory, Que. West ; river, Bonaventure county, Que. (Not West Port Daniel river.) West; river, Pictou county, N.S. (Not West river of Pictou.) West; river, tributary to Eraser river, above Quesnel, Cariboo district, B.C. West. See Nelson. West. See Owen. West. See Torres. West Arrowwood; creek, tributary to Bow R., S. Alberta. (Not West Arrow-wood.) West Belanger. See Belanger. Westboro; post office and summer resort, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Westborongh.) Westbourne; bay, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Westbourne; post settlement, on Wliitemud river, south of L. ^Manitoba, "Man. West Branch of Don (river). See Don. West Branch of Gold river. See Palmer creek. West Branch of Tohiqiie (river). See Sisson. West Dog Head. See ^Vhiteway. West Duck; reef, northwest of Western Duck island, IManitoulin district, Ont. Western; river, emptying into Coronation gulf. N.W.T. (Not Back's Western.) Western Duck; island, of the Duck group, Manitoulin district, Ont. West Flamhoro. See Elamboro West. West Flaniborough. See Elamboro West. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d West Fori- of Bull rircr. See Galbraitli creek. West Fox. See Fox. Westholme; post settlement, south of Chemainus river, Vancouver island, B.C. West McGilUvray. See McGillivray. West Nishitogisew. See Kiskitto. West Passage. See Barrington Passage. West Port Daniel. See West. West river of Pictou. See West. Wesi Boad (river). See Blackwater. West Sister; shoal, S. of Yeo T., entrance to Georgian bay, Manitoulin district, Ont- West WinisTc. See Asheweig. Wetetnagami ;• lake, and river tributary to Opawika river, Abitibi and Pontiac, Que. Wettigo ; lake, south of Xemiskau lake, Mistassini territory. Que. Weymontachi ; Inlian village, at the mouth of Manuan river, upper St. Maurice river, Champlain county, Que. (Not Weymontachingue.) Whale; river, emptying into Fngava bay, New Quebec. Whaleback; mountain, at the headwaters of Yoho river. Eocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Whalesback.) Whaler; bay. Active pass, strait of Georgia, New Westminster district, B.C. Wharton; harbour, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. Whatshan; lakes and river, west of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Wheaton ; mount, in tlie " big bend " of Wheaton river, southern Yukon. Wheaton; river, emptying into the west side of Bennett lake, Yukon. Wheaton Vault; brook, flowing into INIinas channel, Kings county, N.S. Wheeler; creek, tributary to ^Michel creek. Kootenny district, B.C. Wheeler; mount. Purity range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district B.C. Wheeler; reef, southwest of Kitchener island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Whetstone; lake, Lake township, Hastings county, Ont. Whiffen; spit, Sooke inlet, Vancouver island, B.C. Whipple; mount, east of the elbow of Stikine river, Cassiar district, B.C. Whipsaw; creek, flowing northeasterly into Similkameen river, Yale district. B.C. Whirlpool; river, flowing from Athabaska pass northerly into Athabaska river, Alta. Whirlpool. See Sunwapta. White. See Ketch. ^ White Bear; bay, northeast of Markham bay, Hudson strait, N.W.T. Whitebear; lake, north of Saskatchewan Landing, southern Sask. (Not White Bear.) White Bear; lake and river, at headwaters of Gatineau river, Champlain county. Que. White Bear. See Cassels. Whiteclay; lake, Ogold river, east of Whitewater lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont. White; clifF, northeast of Hungerford point, Manitoulin I., "Manitoulin district, Ont. White Douglas; the southerly peak of mount Douglas, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Whitefish. See Garson. Whitefish. See LaSarre. Whitefish. See Meacham. Whitefish Spawning. See Chukuni. 192 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Whitefox; river, tributary to Torch river, central Saskatchewan. (Not White Fox.) White Goat. See Cline. Whitegoose; river, tributary to Migiskan river, below Paskagama lake, Pontiac county, Que. (Not White Goose.) White Grouse; creek, east of Whatshan lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Whitehorn; mountain, northwest of mount Robson, Cariboo district, B.C. (Not Turner nor White Horn.) Whitehorse; town and rapid, Lewes river, below Miles canyon, Yukon. (Not White Horse.) White Man; pass, Rocky Mts., Alta. and Kootenay district, B.C. (Not White Man's.) White ; mount, north of Atlin lake, Yukon. Whitemouth; lake and river, tributary to Winnipeg river, also village, Manitoba. (Not White Mouth.) Whitemud; river, flowino- into the southerly end of lake Manitoba, Man. (Not White Mud nor White-mud.) White Mud. See Frenchman. White; pass, at head of Skagway river, Cassiar district, B.C. White; river, tributary to Yukon river, above Stewart river, Yukon. Whiterock; post office. Kings county, N.S. (Not White Rock Mills.) WTiite Rock Mills. See Whiterock. Whites; post office. Kings county, N.S. (Not White's Corner.) Whites; post office and railway station, Huntingdon county. Que. (Not White's nor White's Station post office.) White's. See Geikie. Whitesand; lake and river, emptying into northerly end of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Whitesand; post office and river, southeastern Saskatchewan. (Not White Sand.) White's Corner. See Whites. Whiteshell; lake and river, emptying into Winnipeg river, Manitoba. Whiteshore; lake, east of Tramping lake, Saskatchewan. (Not White Shore.) White's Station. See Whites. Whitestone; lake, north of Cat lake, Patricia district. Ont. Whitestone; river, tributary to Tatshenshini river, southwestern Yukon. White; strait, north shore of Hudson strait, N.W.T. WMteswan; river, emptying into Teslin L., Cassiar district, B.C. (Not White Swan.) Whitewater; lake, southwestern Manitoba. Whitewater. See Taseko. Whiteway; point, at west side of north entrance to the narrows of lake Winnipeg, Man. (Not Dog's Head nor West Dog Head.) White Whale. See Wabamun. Whitewood; lake, Tp. 29, R. IT, W. 2 M., southeastern Saskatchewan. Whitewood. See Baaswood. Whitford; lake, in Tp. 56, Rs. 15 and 16, W. 4th M., Alberta. Whitley; bay, northwest of Burgoyne bay, Hudson strait. New Quebec. Whitney; lake, Smellie township, Kenora district, Ont. GEOCRAPEIC BOARD OF C AX AD A 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Wlioldaia; lake, an expansion of Dubawnt river. N.W.T. (ISTot Wholdiah.) Whymper; mount, northwest of Storm mountain, Rocky mountains, Alberta. Whymper; mount, near head of Chemainus river, Vancouver island, B.C. Whymper. See Kiwetinok. Whyte; moimt, west of lake Louise, Alberta. Wiachuan; river, Eichmond gulf, ISI'ew Quebec. (Not Wiachewan nor Wiachouan.) Wicked; ix)int, Athol township, Prince Edward county, Ont. (Not Salmon.) Wickens; lake, Britton township, Kenora district, Ont. Wickham ; post ofSce and railway station, Drummond Co., Que. (Not Wickham West.) Wichham West. See Wickham. Wicksteed; rock S.E. of Dead I., entrance to Key har., Georgian B., Parry S. dist, Ont. Wigwam; river, tributary to Elk river, Kootenay district, B.C. Wigwas. See Eva. Wigwasan; lake, west of Bukemiga lake. Thunder Bay district, Ont. Wigwasikak; lake, northwest of Cat lake, Patricia district, Ont, (Not Birch.) WiJcwasTcapauJe. See Mourier. Wilcocks; lake, Whitchurch township, York Co., Ont. (Not Wilcox nor Willcocka.) Wilcox; lake, English river, Kenora district, Ont. Wilcox; pass and peak, north of Mt. Athabaska, Rocky mountains,- Alberta. Wild; bight, in west side of Fitzwilliam island, Manitoulin district, Ont. Wild Horse ; river, tributary to Kootenay R., Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Skirmish.) Wilkinson ; creek, tributary to the west fork of Kettle river, above Carmi, Similka- meen district, B.C. Willard; lake, north of Hawk lake, Kenora district, Ont. WillcocJcs. See Wilcocks, William; head, at north entrance to Redder bay, Vancouver island, B.C, Williams ; bay, south shore of L. Seul, Kenora district, Ont. Williams; lake, east of Eraser river, in the southern portion of Cariboo district, B.C. Williams; lake, east of Cat lake, Patricia district, Ont. William Smith; cape, northeast shore of Ungava bay, New Quebec. Willoughby; island, northeast of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds Co., Ont. Willowbank; creek and mountain, W. of Blaeberry R., Rocky Mts., Kootenay, B.C. Willowbunch ; lake and post office, southern Saskatchewan. (Not Willow Bunch.) Willowg^ove; post office, Haldimand county, Ont. (Not Willow Grove.) Wilson; mount, also glacier, north of ^ft. ]\rurchison. Rocky mountains. Alberta. Wilson; moimt, also lal^e, Ross river, Yukon. Wilson; post office, Grenville county, Ont. (Not Wilson's Bay.) Wilson; post office, northwest of Chemainus river, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Wilson's Crossing.) Wilson; river, flowing easterly into Dauphin lake, Manitoba. Wilson. See Kiwetinok. Wilson Corners; post office, Wakefield Tp., Ottawa Co., Que. (Not Wilson's Corners.) Wilsons Bay. See Wilson. Wilson's Crossing. See Wilson. Wiltse; lake, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Wiltz nor Wiltze.) 25d—13 194 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Wiltshire; village, Queens county, P.E.I. (Not New WiltsMre nor North Wiltshire.) Wimapedi; brook, tributary to Burntwood river, Manitoba. Winawiash; lake, southwest of Grand lake Victoria, Timiskaming county. Que. Wind; mountain, west of Kananaskis river, Rocky Mts. park, Alta. (Not Windy.) Windermere; lake and town, at headwaters of Columbia river, Ivootenay district, B.C. (Not Lower Columbia lake.) Windigo; bay and islands, north shore of lake Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. Windigo; lake and river, tributary to Severn river, Patricia district, Ont. Windigokan; lake, E. of L. Nipigon, Thunder Bay district, Ont. (Not Wendigokan.) Windy; arm, Tagish lake, Yukon. Windy ^ lake, southwest of Oxford lake, Manitoba. Winefred; lake and river, tributary to Christina river, eastern Alberta. Winging; point, east headland of Fourchu bay, opposite Guyon island. Cape Breton county, N.S. (Not Wining nor Winning.) Wining. See Winging. Winisk; lal?:e and river, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Wai-nusk nor Weenisk.) Winiskisis; river, tributary to upper Winisk river, Patricia district, Ont, Winnange; lake, north of Dryberry lake, Kenora district, Ont. (Not Vulture.) Winning. See Winging. Winnipegosis; a large lake in Manitoba. (Not Winnipegoos nor Winnipegoosis.) Winonitikameg ; lake, northwest of Attawapiskat lake, Patricia district, Ont. Wintawanan; lake, southwest of Attawapiskat lake, Patricia district, Ont. Wintego; lake, an expansion of Churchill river, below Reindeer river, Sask. Wintering; lake, west of Landing lake, Manitoba. Witchai; lake, on lower Grass river, Manitoba. Witchekan; lake, in the Thickwood hills, central Saskatchewan. Wiwa; creek, flowing easterly into Wood river, southern Saskatchewan. Wiwaxy; peaks, southwest of mount Victoria, Rocky mountains, Kootenay, B.C. Wi-yat. See Waiatt. Wizida; lake, at headwaters of Attawapiskat river, Patricia district, Ont. Wizidans; lake, at headwaters of Attawapiskat river, Patricia district, Ont. Woden; a peak of the Valhalla mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Wolf; canyon, on Pelly river, above Woodside river, Yukon. Wolf; creek, tributary to Klondike river, Yukon. Wolf. See Grimsthorpe. Wolf. See Muhigan. Wolfe; island, St. Lawrence river, Frontenac county, Ont. (Not Long.) Wolfe; island, south of De Stein point. Prince Rupert harbour, Coast district, B.C. Wolfe Island; township and village, on Wolfe island, Frontenac county, Ont. (Not MarysviUe village.) Wolf Barid. See Muhigan. Wolfestown; township and village, Wolfe county, Que. (Not Wolfstown.) Wollaston; peninsula, S.W. portion of Victoria I., N.W.T. (Not Wollaston Land.) WoUaston Land. See Victoria island. Woman; lake and river, south of Shabumeni lake, Patricia district, Ont. (Not Woman Lake river.) GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 195 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Wood; brook, tributary to Grass river, Manitoba. Wood; mount, west of Saanich inlet, Vancouver island, B.C. Wood; mountain and river, also Wood Mountain post office and E.N.W.M. Police station, southern Saskatchewan. (Not Wood Mountain river.) Wood. See Jacob. Woodley; range of mountains, west of Kulleet bay, Vancouver island, B.C. Wood Mountain river. See Wood river. Woodroffe; post office and summer resort, Carleton county, Ont. (Not Woodroofe nor Woodruff.) Woods; island, Ladysmith harbour, Vancouver island, B.C. (Not Long.) Woods; lake of the, on international boundary, Kenora and Eainy River districts, Ont. Woods. See Carroll Wood. Woodside; river, tributary to Upper Pelly river, Yukon. Woodtick; island, St. Clair river, Lambton county, Ont. (Not Fawn.) Woody; river, flowing northeasterly into Swan lake, Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Work. See Wark. Worthington ; creek, west of Lower Arrow lake, Kootenay district, B.C. Wotan; mount. Adamant range, Selkirk mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Wotinimata; lake, east of Shabogama lake, Pontiac county. Que. Wreck; point, southwest of Tobermory harbour, Bruce county, Ont. Wrench; lake, northeast of Carlton, central Saskatchewan. Wright; creek, west end of Surprise lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Wright; creek, tributary to Blanche river, Timiskaming district, Ont. Wright; point, north of Goderich, Huron ooniity, Cut. Wright ; sound, between Gil and Gribbell islands. Coast district, B.C. Wunnummin ; lake, upper waters of Winisk river, Patricia district, Ont. Wuskatasko; brook, tributary to Grass river, Manitoba. Wuskwatim; brook and lake, on Bumtwood river, Manitoba. (Not Beaver-dam, Ooskootim, nor Waskwatim.) Wyatt. See Waiatt. Wynott ; point, N.E. of Head harb., St. Margaret bay, Halifax Co., N.S. (Not Smith.) Xschwan. See Granby Yahk; mountain, river, and railway station, in S.W. portion of Kootenay district, B.C. Yalakom; game reserve, between north fork of Bridge river and the Fraser, Lillooet district, B.C. Yarrell; mount, in southeastern portion of Kootenay district, B.C. Yawningstone ; lake, north of Cormorant lake, Manitoba. Yellow; point, northeast of Kulleet bay, Vancouver island, B.C. Yeo; channel, island, and spit, at entrance to Georgian bay, Manitoulin district, Ont.* Yeo; island, southwest of Grenadier island, St. Lawrence river, Leeds county, Ont. (Not Bluff nor Old Bluff.) 25d— 13i 196 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Yeth; creek, tributary to Inklin river, Oassiar district, B.C. Yoho; glacier, lake, park, pass, peak, and river, Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. (Not Collie glacier. Glacier creek, North Fork river, Upper Emerald lake, nor Wapta lake and pass.) York; river, trib. to Madawaska E., Hastings and Renfrew Cos, Ont. (Not York Brcb.) York; sound, in southwest portion of Frobisher bay, N.W.T. Yorke; island, Admiralty group, St. Lawrence river, Leeds Co., Ont. (Not Boss Dick.) YoTiell ; island, east of Hopkins point, Bruce county, Ont. Young; lake, in S.W. portion of Dalton Tp., Victoria Co., Ont. (Not Montgomery.) Youngs; point, Weller bay, Ameliasburg township, Prince Edward county, Ont. Young's. See Limestone. Yukness; mount, southwest of moimt Lefroy, Kootenay district, B.C. Yukon; river and territory, N.W. Canada. (Not Youcon, Youkon, Kwichpak. &c.) Zachariah; point, near Dodd narrows, east coast of Vancouver island, B.C. Zanardi ; rapids, at S.W. end of Wainwright basin and S. of Kaien I., Coast dist, B.C. Zemawdza; Indian village, Kitimat arm, Coast district, B.C. (Not Ze-mawd-za.) Zenazie; creek, south of Gladys lake, Cassiar district, B.C. Zero ; rock, in Haro strait, N.E. of Gordon head, S.E. coast of Vancouver L, B.C. Zinc; mountain and valley, east of Ice river. Rocky mountains, Kootenay district, B.C. Zinkan; island, Pine Tree harbour, Bruce county, Ont. Zwick; island, in the bay of Quinte, Hastings county, Ontario. (Not Zwick's.) Zymoetz; river, tributary to Skeena river, Coast district, B.C. (Not Copper.) 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d A. 1915 INDEX. NAMES AEKANGED FOE PROVINCES, COUNTIES, ETC. ALBERTA. Abprdeen Abbot Agnes Akuinu Alberta Alexandra Alice Allan Altnide Annette Arcs A rrowu'ood Askow Assiniboine Athabaska Atliabaska Landing Athabasca Atikkamek Attiin Segoun Avens Aylmer Baker -Balfour tSaptiste Barwell Bath Battle Bear Beaupre Beaver Beaver Beaverdam Beaverhill Beaverlodge Belli/ Bidcile Bident BighiU Bighorn Bismarck Blackfoot Black Douglas Blackstone Blakiston Bluff Boom Bosworth Boulder Bourgeau Bow Bow Island Boyer Rraehipod Brazeau Brett Bruce Brule Brvce Buffalo Buffalo Bull BuUpound Cameron Castle Castor Cataract Cataract "^ Chaba Charlton Chief Mountain Chin Chiniki Chip Chipewyan Christie Christina Chungo Cirque Clearwater Cline Cockscomb Cold Colduater Coleman Columbia Cone Consolation Cooking Corral Costigan. Coutts Crowfoot Growlodge Crowsnest Cyclone Cypress JJeltaform Desolation Devils Head Devil's Head Devil's Fine Dirt Dolomite Douglas Dowling Driedmeat Driftpile Drummond Dunvegan Duplex Dutch Dyson i'Jagle Eagle i'iaglenest Kchafaud E. Arrowwood 197 E. Br. Athahaska B. Edmonton Ego Eifiel J^^ighteen-Mile Elbow Elkwater Elliott Emb arras Emerald End Etsi-koin Etzikom Eyehill i'airholme Eairview Earrell Earrier Eatigue Fawcett Fay Fish Fisher Flagstaff Folding Forbes Fork Fort Chipewyan Fort Dunvegan Fort Edmonton Fort McKay Fort Macleod Fort McMurray Fort Smith Fortress Fort Vermilion Fossil Freemen Frcman's Frenchman Frog Garson George Ghost ' Ghost Ghostt)ine Girouard Glacier Glacier Goat Goat Goldsmith Goose Gordon Gorge Gough Gould Dome Grande-Prairi* (irand V'alley 198 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 drave Green Gregg Grizzly Bear Grotto Haddo Hamilton Hanalta Hand Hardisty Harrison Hastings Haven Hazel Head Heart Hector Helen High Highwood Hoffman Horse Horseshoe House House Howse Huber Hungabee Inglismaldie Inverness losegun Iron Isabella Island Isle Jacob James Jarvis Jonas Jumpingpound Junction Ka-koot Kakut Kananaskis Katherine Keheewin Kehiwin Ken il worth Kerkeslin Kipp Kirkpatriok Knee Kneehill Kneehills Kootanie Kootenai LaBiche Lacroix Laggan Landels La Nonne Leah Lee Lefroy Lesser Slave Lin eh am Little Little Bow Little Brazeau Little Fork of Sask. Little Smoky Little Vermilion Livingstone AlS^TiT A— Continued. Lobstiok Lodge Lonely Valley Long Louis Louise Lower Bojd Lower WhitefisK Lusk Lychnis Lvell Macabee McDougall McKay McLeod Macleod McMurray Mahmee Maligne Mami Margaret Marmot Martin Martineau Mary Vaux Medicine Medicine Lodge Medicine Lodge Merlin Middle Branch (Highwood R.) Milk Ministik Minnewanka Miquelon Mire Mirror Missawawi Mist Mistaya Misty Moberly Mokowan Molar Moose Moraine Murchison Muriel Murray Namaka Neutral Newman Niblock JSiikanassin Noores Nordegg Norquay North Fork North Heart North Kootenay North Vermilion Nose Noyes Observation Okotoks Old Fort Oldman Olive Opabin Opal Otauwau U-Tow-Wou Owl Oyster Paddle Paddle Pak-oghke Pakowki Panther Paradise Pass Paul Peace Peechee Peekopee Peerless Pekisko Pembina Pembina Peyto Piegan Pigeon Pika Pinnacle Pipe Pipestone Pt. Bruli Poboktan Popes Porcupine • Portal Pothole Ponce Coup6 Primrose Protection Ptarmigan Pulpit Pulsatilla Rae Rainy Ram Raven Red Red Deer Bed Beer Redoubt Redwater Rib^tone Richardson Roche de Smet Roche Siiett Rocky Ro'Iph Rosebud Ross Rundle Saddle St. Ann St. Mary St. Nicholas St. Piran Sakwatamau Pa m son Sarcee Fsnskatchewan Saultenx Sauteur Sauteux Savasse Berry Sawljack Sentinel Serviceberry Seven persons Shanks Shaver Sheep Sheol GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Shtmda Sibbald iSiffleur Silverhorn Simonette Simpson Sinking Skoki Slave Small Smith Smoky Snake -< Sounding 5. Brch. (Highwood R.) Southesk South Heart Spencer Spirit Spray Sprucegrove Square Steepbank Sterling Stewart Stimson Stirling Stonyplain Storm Stutfield Sullivan Sulphur Pun want a Sutherland ALBEB.T A— Concluded. Swan Swan Sweathouse Sylvan Table Tekarra Temple Ten Peaks Tenit The Beehive The Goat's Looking Glass The Mitre Therien The Saddle The Stragglers The Twins Thompson Threehills Threepoint Three Sisters Tilted Tombstone Tower of Babel Trail Troitt Turquoise Turtle Tuzo Twin Tyrrell Unwin Upper Boiv Upper Whitefish Verdigris Vermilion ' Victoria Volcano Vulture Wabamun Wabasca W'abiskaw Wallace VVapiabi Wapiti Ware Warren Waskahigan Waterfowl Water ton Wave Wavy Wenkchemna W. Arrowwood Whirlpool Whirlpool White Douglas IVhitejish White Goat White Whale Whitford Whymper Whyte Wilcox Wilson Wind Winefred BRITISH COLUMBIA. (Names arranged for Land Districts.) Cariboo. Mowat Anvil Alexis Mud Arthur Seat Anaham ■ Mumm Atlin Anahim Naltesby Awillgate Athabaska Nechako Babine Battle Nelson Barbara Bear Ormonde Bastion Black Pantage Beady Blackwater Pelican Bear Bobtail Ptarmigan Bear Bowron Quesnel Beaton Canyon Riske Beaver Cariboo Robson Bee Caribou Sicannie Chief Bennett Cheitang Sikanni Chief Bernard Chilako Sinkut Black Chilanco Stewart Blanchard Chilanko Stuart Blue Chilco Tatei Boofus Chilcote Titkana Boulder Chilcotin Tsinkut Brown Dome Chilko Turner Buck Chimney West Buckley Chowu West Road (river) Bulk ley Eulatazella Whitehorn Cameron Fort Nelson Williams Canyon Fort St. John Carter Fran^ais Cassiar Cassiar Franpoia Chehalis Fraser Ahwillgate Chikoida Helena A i skew Chisraaina Kinney Alsek Choquette Moberly Anuk Clearwater 200 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 BRITISH COLVMBIA— Continued. Cassiar — Con. Cone Consolation Copper Cottonwood Crater Davenport Dease Deep Dixie Dudidonto Eagle Eagle Crag Edgar Edmund Egnell Eightmile Elbow Ewing Fantail Farnswortji Fifteen-mile Fi^anfais Francois Gladys Glave Glenora Goat Goodwin House Gordon tjrraliam Gran by Gun Hackett Halcro Hale Hall Harold Hartz Hatchau Hatin Hayes Hazelton Heart Hendon Hitchcock Homan Hotailuh Hurricane Hutsigola Hyland Ice-cap Inklin I shut Jennings Jolinson Kaha Kahtate Kaketsa Kakucliiiya Kates Needle Katina Kennicott Kelsall Ketchum Kinaskan Kisi)iox Kitgargas Kitwanga Klootchman Knob Khtchman Koketsa Koshin Kuldo Knthai Kwadacha Lacroix Laketon Laura Laurie Lecroix Leonard Lina Lindeman Lyndeman Little Tahltan Llewellyn Long McCallum McDame McDonald McGrath Macha Mcintosh McKee McLay McLeod McMaster Mansfield Marble Dome Maria Matsatu Middle Minto Mountain Muchuya Munro Mussel^ Naas Nadahini Nakina Nakonake Nass Nasse Nelson Nevin North Observation O'Donnel O'Keefe Omen tea Omineca Otter Paradise Parton Pereleshin Peveril Pike Plateau Porcupine Porphyry i'orter Porter's Landing Quartz Robertson Rocher Deboul6 Round Ruby Rnth Saddle Sanford Saw back Scud Shakes Shallow Sharpe Shegunia Sheslay Sicanni Chief Sikanni Chief Silver Salmon Skeena Skena Slocoh Sloko Snow-cap Snowdon Snowy Stanley Stick-ah-din Stikyadin Stikine Stovel Sucker Sugarloaf Sullivan Summit Sunday Surprise Suskwa Tacho Tagish Tahltan Taku Taku Talaha Tanzilla Tatiki Tatshenshini Tatsho Tattiki Taw in a Taysen Telegraph Telkwa Teresa Terrahina Teslin The Knob Thibert Toochi Tooya Torres Tory Trout Tsetelui Turner Tjttchi Tutesheta Tutshi Tuya Tyee Vad«o West Whipple White Whiteswan Xschu-an Yeth Zenazie Coast. Amy Antonio Arm Ashton GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 201 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d BRITISH COLUMBIA— Con^inwe^/. Coast — Con Babiue Bacon Bacon Barnes Barrett Beatty Bellabella Bellakula Birkby Bishop Bjerre Blackney Black Blackwater Blakeney Bodega Boundary Boxer Bramham Brunharn Buckley Bulkley Burns Burroughs Butze Cahnish Calete Cardero Cascade Casey Charles Chassepot Cheslatta Chickens Chilanco Chilanko Chilco Chilcote Chilko China Hat Choelquoit Chonat Clio Cloijah Coast Comblain Connolly Cooper Copper Cordero Coste Crease Cnmming Cundale David Daukijis Dean Decker Defot Delusion Detfiise De Stein Dodge Dokdaon Dorothy Douglas Driftwood Dryad Dundas DuVernet Eagle Ecstall Ecstew Eddy Edgell Eliot Elizabeth EUinor Elliot Emilia Emmerson Endako ICssington Etta Eva Exstew Fairview . Falcon Farewell Fern Fisherman Flat Fort Eraser Fort James Fort St. James Francisco Eraser Frederick Galloway Garden Gardner Gaudin Georgia Gertrude Ghost Gil Gobeil Graeme Gramophone Grant Gribbell Grindstone Guard Guard Gurd Hall Hallett Halsey Hawkesbury Hays Hays Hecate Hecate Helen Hibben Hill Hippa Hockstall Holmes Uomalko Homathko Home Hoi)kin3 Horsfall Hubert Hiickstall Hudson Bay (Mt.) Huxstall Ikeda Inqraham Inverness Islet Joassa Jorkins Kaien Kaiete Ka-its-siks Kauish Kasiks Kathlyn Kerr Kersey Kestrel Ki-ette Kildala Kinahan Kingcome Kitimat Kitkiata Kitsalas Kitselas Kitsumgallum Klemtu Kloiya Knapp Koya Kunghit Kiipcr Kwinitsa Kyeet Lake Lakelse Langara Laurier Lelu Lewis Lewis Lima Long Loretta Louis Lonis McKay McLaughlin McLoughlin Maitland Maple Marina Martini Mary Mary Maurelle Mayes Mayor Melville Metford Metlakatla Miller Minette Miskatla Mission Money Moody Moore Morice Moricetown M or rice. Morricetown Morse Mouat Na-a-ma Nadina Nahlin Nalta Nankivell Na^oga Nechako 202 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 BRITISH COLUMBIA— Continued Coast — Con. Nelly Nemaia Nesto Nicholas Nicolas Niut Noel Noolki North North Porpoise North Skeena No-well Nubble Nulki Okisollo Oldfield Ootsa Osborn Owen Oxstall Paisley Parizeau Pender Pepin Pethick Phelan Philips Photograph Pillsbupy Pilot Porpoise Port EssirifjtoTi Prevost Prince Rupert Promise Piilteney Pulton Quadacha Quadra Quaneca Qjiinitsa Raley Raymond Ridley Rioidon Ritchie Roberson Round Russell Salvus Schreiber Scott Seal Sliames Sharbau Shawatlan Shoo-vah-tlans Simpson Siwiti Skaloo Skeena Skelu Skena Skidegate Snider Sockeye Sonora Soiitligate South Porpoise Spire Springer Square Squire Stainforth Staniforth Stapledon Stelako Stella Stellako Stevens Stewart Stickelahn Stikelan Stuart Surge Tachick Tarte Tatla Tatlahco Tatlayiako Tatlayoco Tatlayoko Tatlayoo Telkwa Tiahn Tian Tide Tobey Tomkinson Tomlinson Tremayne Trivet Tuck Tullin Turn Turtle Tyee Ursula Valdes Venn Verney Vigilant Waiatt Wainwright Walbran Walkem Walkem Walters Wark Watson Wedge Wi-yat Wolfe Work Wright Wyatt Zanardi Zomawdza Zymoetz Kamloops. Adams Anesty Angle Anstey Bastion Chipooin Chipuin Connaught Coutlee Fraser George Gold Gorge Griffin Hunters Ida Joss Little Shuswap Mabel Mara Monte Murtle Myrtle Nicoamen Nicola Nisconlith Niskainliih Niskonlith Nohomin Paul Reservation Salmon Salmon Arm Seymour Shoushwap Shuswap S. Thompson Spallumchecn Toonkwa Tunkwa Upper Nicola Kootenay. Abbot Abbott Adamant Afton Airy Akamina Akaniina Akolkolex Akotkolex Albert Alexander Alexandra Amiskwi Angle Peak Ann Anstey Argentine Argonaut Argyle Arrowpark Assiniboine Asulkan Athalmer Augustine Austerity Avalanche Ayesha Azimuth Bad Bagheera Bain Baker Bald Baldur Balfour Bannock Battle Beatrice Beaver Beaverfoot Beavertail Bedlington GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d BRITISH COLUMBIA— Con Hiiued. Kootenay— Con. Begbie Biddle Blackfriars Blackwater Blaeberry Blueberry Blue Grouse Bonney' Booth Bor Bosworth Boulder Boundary Bow Bowman Brewery Brewster Brisco Broadwood Bruins Brvce Bull Burgess Burton Busli Butwell Cabin Cahill C alder Campbell Canterbury Cape Horn Caribou Caribou Carroll Cartier Carnarvon Cascade Castor and Pollux Catamount Cataract Cathedral Caven Centurion Chancellor Chaperon Cheops Cherub Christy Cinnamon Citadel Clachnacudainn Clarke Coal Cogle Collie Collie Columbia Cony Copeland Coral Corbin Cornice Corsair Cougar Couldrey Cranberry Cranbrook Creston Crowsnest Cupola Curtis Cyprian Dago Dainard Daly Dawson Deer Park Deltaform Demers Dennis Dent Denver Despatch Desolation Deville Dibble Dispatch Dogtooth Donkin Duchesnay Duncan Eagle Earl Grey Elk Emerald Emerald Ennis Erickson Esplanade Evans Falls Fehicca Feuz Ferguson Fernie Field Fife Fire Fish Fisher Flat Flathead Fleming Float Fording Fort Steele Fosthall Four-inile Fox Freda Freshfield Freya Frigate Fritz Galbraith Galena Galton ■ Garnet Gateway Geikie Gibraltar Gimli Glacier Glacier Crest Gladsheim Gladstone Glenogle Gnat Goat-Canyon crook Goatfell Gold Goldstream Goodsir Gordon Gothics Grace Graham Grand Granite Grant Grave Grays Gray Wolf Green Greens Greys Grizzly Grundy Guardsman Habel Halcyon Hall Hammond Hanbury Hansen Harmer Harvey Haskins Hasler Hawkins Haygarth Heart Hector Heimdal Hela Helmet Hermit Hidden Hilda Hoder Hogg Hoi way Hoodoo Hooker Horn Horn Hosmer Hospital Houne Howell Howse Huber Hughes Hungabee Hungry Hunter Hurd Hutchison Ice Illecillew aet Incomappleus Iconoclast IngersoU Inonoaklin Invermere Insulated Irishman Iron Isolated Johnston Jordan Joseph Kate Kauffman Korr Kicking Horse Kid Kikomun Killarney 204 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 BRITISH GOLJJWBIA—C otitinued. Kootenay — Con. Kilpatrick Klin basket King Kiugsgiate Kishinena Kitamin Kitchener Kiwetinok Kokamini Koos-ka-nax Kootenay Kuskauax Kuskonook Ladybird LaFrancp Lakit Lamb Lardeau Lardo Laussedat Lazy Leach Leanchoil Leda Lefroy Leon Leon Hot Springs Lewis Lily Linda Line Linklater Linkuater Little Little Slocan Lizard Lladnor Lodgepole Lonely Lone Tree Lookout Loop Lower Arrow Luke Lussier Lyell Macdonald Mackenzie Macpherson Macoun Me Arthur McBain McCormick McDonald McDougal McEvoy McGregor McMullen McNicoU Manganese Marion Mark Marpole Marten Martins Matthew Maus Meacham Meadojv Mescoh Michael Michaud Michel Middle Fork, Gold Cr. Minaret Mineral Misko Mista Mitchell Moberly Moloch Monroe Mooyie Morrissey Mosqxdio Mo2ise Moyie Mud Mvd Mulvey Mummery Nakimu Nakusp Naumulten Nelson Nemo Neptuak Niles Niord Norbury Norns North Albert North Branch of Kicking Horse R. North Fork North Fork, Michel Cr. North Fork, Yoho R. North Kootenav North Star Novelist Octopus Odaray Odin Oesa Ogden Ogre O'Hara Oke Oliver Otterhead Ottertail Owen Paget Palisade Palliser Palmer Palmer Bar Park Pearce Peavine Porley Rock Perry Phillipps Pilkington Pilot Pingston Pinnacle Pirate Pitt Plumbob PoUinger l*opes Porcupine President Privateer Procter Pudding Purity Pyramid Rainy Ravelin Redan Redburn Redding Reserve Revelstoke Ridgeway Rinda Ripple Robertson Robson Rock Rogers Rose Ross Ruby Russel Rykerts St. Eugene bt. Mary Sand Sanderson Sanderson Sangrida Sapphire Sarbach Saugum Sawyer Scalping Knife Schaffer Sealion Selkirk Selwyn Seraph Sharp Shaughnessy Sherbrooke Shields Sifton Silvertip Simpson Sir Donald Sir Sandford Six-mile Skirmish Slocan Smart Snowslide Sodalite Solitude Sonata Sophia Sorcerer S. Br. or Fork, Michel Cr S. Fork, Gold Cr. S. Fork, Grave Cr. Spike Spillimacheen Spirit Sproat Stanford Stanley Starvation Steele Steep Stephen Stevens S'r^ckmer Storm Sugar loaf GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 205 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d BRITISH GQl^JWSlk— Continued. Kootenay— Co?i. Sullivan Siiushine Swan Swanzy Swiss Syringa Tabernacle Tackle Takakkaw Tallou Tent Terminal The Bishops The Dome The Monarch The Needles The Overlook The President The Rampart The Stragglers The Steeples The Vice President Thor Thumb Tillev Toby Tokumm Tonkawatia Topham Torrcjit Tower Tracv Trident Trolltinder Truda Tulip Tupper Turret Twenty-five mile (Cr.) Twin Two-bit Upper Arrow Upper Emerald Upper Kootanie Urd Ursus Major Ursus Minor Uto Valhalla Valkyr Van Hooven Van Home Van Houten Vaux Ventego V^ertf'brae Vertical Victoria Vidette Vingolf Waitabit Walker Wallenger WapateehJc Wapta Wapta Wapiitik Wardner Washmawapta Waterfall Weaver Wedgwood Wenkchemna W. Brch, Gold E. W. Fork, Bull 11. Whaleback Whatshan Wheeler Whitefish White Grouse White Man Whymper Wild Horse Wigwam Willowbank Wilson Windermere Wiwaxy Woden Worthington Woia n Yahk Yarrell Yoho Yukness Zinc I:sing Carlsbad Springs Cheney Clieney Station Cobb Eastman's Springs Embrun Little Nation Martel M artel Corners Nation Petite Nation St. Onge South Nation The Lake Sinicoe. Bond-Head Carthew Couchiching Georgian Glenhuron Kempenfelt McPhee Penetanguishene Simcoe StoTiuont. Black Chrysler Croil Crysler Dickinson Landing Eamer Farran Point Harrison Harrison's Corners Hoople Little Nation McMillan Corners Mille Roches Monckland Monklands Nation Osnabruck Osnabruck Centre Oznabruck Petite Nation Raisin Raisins, Riv. aux St. Andrews Sheak Sheek Sheik's Shieck South Nation Sudbury (district). Katherine Wahnapiiae Wakamagaming Wakami Wanapitei Thunder Bay (district). Aldridge Allan water Arrow Bagutchnan Barbara Barnard Barrington Beckington Black Sturgeon Bonnet Brodeur BruU Biikemiga Caldwell Campbell Caribou Carp 222 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ONTARIO— Continued. Thunder Bay (dist.) — Cat-tail Chivelston Cock Crystal Crystal Davies Dawson Devizes Edward Elbow Elizabeth Emma Eskwanonwatin E squanonw atin Flatland Fort William Fowl Frank Frazer Geikie George Georgia Gniii dean Grand Grand Granite Grassy Great New Greenbush Grey Gull Gunflint Gzowski Hannah Harris Haystack Heathcote Hen Houghton Humboldt Island Portage (lake) Jarvis Jean Jean-Pierre Jessie Jojo Kabitotikwia Kabitotiquia Kagianagami Kaiashk Kama Kaministikwia Kashaweogama liairahashkaoama Kawashkagama Kawaweogama Kauaviagamak Kelvin Kenogami Kenny Keshkabuon Kopka Lasher Lily Little Flatland Logan Lomond Long Lookout Mackenzie McRwen McTntyre ■Con. McKay McKellar McLaurin Magnet Magnetic Makokibatan Manitou Maria Marshall Martin Masinabik Mattice Mazokama Michipicoten Middlebrun Miminiska Mission Montreal Moose Mountain Mud Muddy Murchison Nameiben Nepigon Neston Nipigon Nonwatin Nonwatinose North North Fowl North Wind Obonga Oboshkegan Obowanga Ogoki Ombabika Onamakawash Onaman Onarnanisigi Opichuan Orient Pagwachuan Parks Partridge Pashkokogan Patrghtcheiran Pair giitchiir an Pick it ig oil chin g Pigeon Pijitawabik Pijitauabckong Pikitigiishi Pine Pishidgi Pittiuabikong Port Arthur Poufjiilchuan Rabbit Randolph Rat Reef Robinson Rose Rove St. John Saganaga Seiganagh Seiganagan Seiganaqaw Sapasook Sapassoose Sapasnk Savant 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Selwyn Seseganaga Shaganash Shakespeare Shangoina Sharp Mt. (lake) Sheepshank Sheesheeb Shesheeb Silver Smoothrock South South Fowl Superior Surprise Swede Tempest Threemoant Tiernan Triangle Turtle Wabakimi Wabinosh Wanogu Watap Waweig Wawiag Wawong Wendigukan Whiteclay White's Whitesand Wigwasan Windigo Windigokan Timiskaming (district). Abitibi Asipimocasi Barber Bass Bear Beaverhouse Benson Blanche Cassidy Clear Cobalt Crosby Crown Dawson Farr Friday Gem Gillies Giroux Goodwin Gowganda Grace Haileybury Pfannah Hannah Bay (river) Harricanaw Isabemagussi Johnny Johnson Labyrinth Larger Latch ford Liskeard Lorrain Magusi Mallon GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAXADA 223 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d O'NTARIO— Concluded. Timiskaming (dist.)— Con. Waterloo. Ryckman Stony Martineau .Gait Stoney Matahechaican Mill IF. Flamboro Matabitchuan Nith river W. Flamborough Mattagami Smith's creek Montague Montreal Welland. York. Mud New Liskeard Chantler Big Rouge Creek Nicol Chippawa Clairville Okikodosik Chippeica Don Peterson Gasline Don Present German Mills Eglinton President Waterloo Elder Prud'homme Welland Elder Mills Raven Elder's Mills RilD Wellington. Fox Kousselet liagerman St. Anthony Gait Hagerman's Corners Sasaginaga Glenallan Humber Sharp Mill Laskay S. Br. Moose R. Pnslinch Laskey Sutton Schaw Little Don Temiscaming ilVriUiken Temiscamingue Wentivortli. Middletons Temiskaming O'Sullivan Timiskaming Binbrook O'Sullivans Corners Wabi Blackheath ■Reesor Ward Clappison Rouge Wright Flamboro Centre Snake Flamljoro East Stouffville Victoria. Flamboro West W. Brch. Don R. Burnt Gait Wilooks Montgom-iry Harper Coriiera Willcocks Young Mill PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. Kings. East Souris Ed. of St. Peter's Bay ^^ontague Montague Bridge Naufrage Peters Road Refuge St. Peter Shipwreck Souris Abitibi (territory). Allard Asinitchibastat AsvSiiiika Baxter Bell Broadback Buck-hill Cabane Chebistuanonekaa Chensagi Chibougamau Coban Cold Cone Dome Eatchepashi Elizabeth Queens. Grand Rustico New Wiltshire North Rustico North Wiltshire St. Peter Wiltshire Prince. Big (or N.) Miminigash Cascumpeque QUEBEC. Etchipotchi Evans Florence Geikie Gizzard Hannah Bay (river) Karricanaw Height-of-land Hugh Ice Iserhoff Kamshigama Kaniapiskau Kelvin Keniapiskau Kenoniska Kiask Kirk Kitchieama Holland Little (or S.)Miminigash Malpeque Miminegash Minimegash Princetown Richmond Roseville Skinner Pond Lady Beatrix Little Nottauay Long Maikasksagi Mattagami Mattagami Michagama Middleton Mikwasach . Miisliagomish Mistawak Natchipotchi Nipukatasi Noddau-ai Nodiray Northeast Nottaway Obatawagush Obatogamau 224 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Abitibi (territory).— Co ». Olga Opayniska Opatawaga Opawika Opemiska Opiuatakan O'SuUivan Otchisk Pijuwyan Puskitamika Rabbit Rapid Eeid Scott Soskumika Southwest Surprise Taibi Tshensagi Victoria Waswanipi Wawagosik Wedding Wemistagosew West Wetetnagami Argentenil. Beechridge Dalesville Greece Point Billhead Kingham Kingsey Mid. Br. West (river) St. Andrews Ste. Perpetue Asbuanipi (territory). Atikonak Attikonak Bowdoin Groswater Kenemich McLean Melville Rigolet St. John Bagot. Aetonvale Clair vaux-de-Bagot St. Dominique-de-Bagot St. Hector St. Hector de Bagot Ste. Helene-de-Bagot St. Simon-de-Yamaska St. Theodore-d'Acton Beanbamois. Buisson Cartier Cartierville De Salaberry Grand St. Etienne-de-Beauharnois St. Stanit»las-de-Kostka QTJEBEC — Continued. Bellecbasse. Abenakis_ Abenaquis Bertbier. Asku'ahani Eskwahani Kapitachuan Kapitajewan Kapitasliewinna Mashamengoose Matashi Mataiva Mataivin Mattawin Mejovianguse Menjobaguse Mitchinamekus Bonaventnre. Baie des Chaleur Caplan Chaleur Cross Crosspoint East Goacha Magnacha Maguasha Matapedia Metapedia Migoacha Miyuacha Xew Richmond Pointe-a-la-Garde Port Daniel Port Daniel East Restigouche Richmond Ristigouche St. Andre-de-Ristigouche St. Chas.-de-Caplan St. George Port Daniel West West Port Daniel Brome. Call Mill Glensutton Drummondrille Junction Sutton Junction Cbambly. Chambly St. Lambert Cbamplain. Assiwanan A tern Atim Chakwa Vhisaonaiai},i Citrouille Great Beaver Hair Cutting Kamitsgamak Kapitswe Kekeo Kickendatch Kikendatch Kirkendatch Male Manuan Mashamengoose Mataua Maiairin Mattawa Mattawin Mejomanguse Mekinak Menjobaguse Mitchinamekus Mondonak Najan Obiduan Onkammis Oskelaneo Pasiminikana Pitopiko Proud-sitting Ribbon Ruban Sackawatixi St. Maurice Sandy-beach Sassawatisi Travers VVayagamak Weymontachi White Bear Cbarlevoix. Baie-St.-Paul. Brandypot Cap-a-1'Aigle Comporte Corneille Coudres Eagle Goose Jareux Jean-Noel .Tureux LeHeu Malbaie Malloux Murray Murray Bay Noire Oies Persil Pointe-au-Pic Port-au-Persdl Port^u-Saumon Pot-a-V eau-de-vie Rochers Sain St. Etienne St. Pidele St. 'Tren^ St. Paul's Bay St. Simeon Salmon Saumon GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 225 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d Chateaugnay. Allan Corners feves Kiviere-des-Feves St. Urbain-de-Chateauguay Chicontimi. Askitichi Foamfall Haclie Ha Ha Jouqiiiere Kapititegoitch Iveno^ami Metabetchouan Nikabau Pipmakan Pitmuakin Compton. Ste. Edwidge St. Francis St. i'ran9ois Drumiuond. St. Francis St. Fran9ois Wickham Wickham. West Frontenac. Adiytock Aylmer Coldstream Courcelles Pric9 St. Francis St. Francois Springhill Gaspe. Anse-a-Beaufils Anse-au-Vallon Beaufils (anse a) Bonfils Brion liryon Byron Cap Chat Cap-de-Chate Cape Chatte Chlorydorme Cloridorme Cloridon Uross Despair Espoir Oaspe Gaspe iU9koka. CarJing Parry Sound. Carlow Hastings. Carlyle Manitoulin. Carman Timiskaming. Carnarvon Manitoulin. Carnegie Timiskaming. Carney Algoma. Carpenter Rainy River. Carr Timiskaming. |Carrick Bruce. Carscallen Timiskaming Carter Sudbury. Car tier " Cartwright Durham. Cascaden Sudbury. Casey Timiskamang. |Ca.sgrain Algoma. Cashel Hastings. Casimir Sudbury. Cassels Nipissing. Catharine Timiskaming. Cavan Durham. Cavendish Peterborough. CTEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAXADA 237 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d TOWNSHIPS IN O'STA'RIO— Continued. County Township. or District. •Cayuga, North Haldimand. ■Cayuga, South Chaffey Muskoka. ■Chamberlain Timiskam-ing. Chambers Nipissing. •Champagne Sudbury. Chandos.. . ., Peterborough. ■Chapleau.. .' Sudbury Chapman Parry Sound. Charloti:enburg Glengarry. CharJotteville Norfolk. Charlton Nipissing. Charters Timiskaming. Chatham Kent. Cherriman Sudbury. Chesley Algoma. €henieV Sudbury. •^hewett " Childerhos-e Timiskaming. Chinguacousy Peel. Chipman Thunder Bay. Chisholm Nipissing. Chown Timiskam'ing. Christie Parry Sound. Churchill jSudbury. Clancy ^Nipissing. Clara Renfrew. Clarence Pussell. Clarendon Frontenac. Clarke Durham. Clary Sudbury. Clavet 4 Ailgoma. Cleaver Timiskaming. Cleland Sudbury. Clement Clergue Timiskamnng Clifford Clinton Lincoln. Clouston Algoma. Clute Timiskam'ing Clyde Haliburton. Cobden Algoma. Cochrane Sudbury. Cookburn Island Manitoulin. Coderre Algoma. Cody Timiisbamdng. Colborne Huron. Colchester, North Essex. Colchester, South " Cole Tinuiskaming. Coleman " Colenso Kenora. ■^'oUingwood Grey. CoUins Sudbury. Colquhoun Timiskaming. Commanda N'ipissing. Conger Parry Sound. Conmee Thunder Bay. Connaught Sudbury. Cook Timiskaminig. Corkill Corley Cornwall Stormont. Cosby Sudbury. Cote Timnskam'inig. Cotton Sudbury. Coulson Timiskaming Toxrnsliip. County or District. Cox Sudbury. Craig " Cramahe Northumber- land. Crawford Timiskaming. Creelman Sudbury. Creighton " Crerar Nipissing. Croft Parry Sound. Crooks Thunder Bay. Crosby, North Leeds. Crosby, South " Crothers Sudbury. Crowland Welland. Crozier Rainy River. Culross Bruce. Cumberland Russell. Curran Rainy River. Currie Timiskaming. Curtis Algoma. Dack Timiskaming. Dalhousie Lanark. Dalton Victoria. Dana Nipissing. Dance Rainy River. Dane Timiskaming. D'Arcy Sudbury. Dargavel Timiskaming. DarJing Lanark. Darlington Durliam. Davidson Tinuiskaming. Davin Algoma. Davis Sudbury. Dawn Lambton. Dawson Manitoulin. Day Algoma. Deacon !:Xipissing. Delamere Sudbury. Delaware Middlesex. Delhi Sudbury. Deloro Timiskaming. De Morest Sudbury. Denbigh Addington. Denison Sudbury. Dennis Algoma. Denton Timiskaming. Derby Grey. Dereham Oxford. Deroche Ailgoma. Devine Nipissing. Devitt .VJgoma. Devlin Rainy River. Dewart " Dickens Nipissing. Dickson " Digby Victoria. Dilke Rainy River. Dill Sudbury. Dobie Rainy River. Dolierty Algt)ma. Dokis Timiskaming. Donovan " Doon " Dorchester, North Middlesex. Dorchester, South Elgin. Dorion Tiiunder Bay. Douglas Timiskaming. Douro Peterborough. 238 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 TOWNSHIPS IN OliTARlO— Continued. County Township. or District. Dover, East -^^V/ Dover, West Dowling Sudbury. Downie Perth. j)oyle Timismni'inig. Draper.. Muskoka. Drayton Sudbury. Drummond Lanark. Drury Sudbury.. Dryden Dudley flal'burton. Duff Timiskamiimg. Dufferin Dumfries, North Waterloo. Dumfries, South Brant. Dummer Ppterborough. Dunbar Sudbury. Duncan Mgonia. Dundee Sudbury. TDundonald Timiskammg. Dungannon Hastings. Duulop Sudbury. Dnnmore Timiskaming. Dunn Haldimand. Dunnet Sudbury. Dunwioh Rlgin. Dymond Timiskaming. Dysart Haliburton. Easthope, North Perjth. East hope. South Eastnor Bruce. Ebbs Als-nma. Eby Timiskaming. Eddy. Nipissing. Edgar i:d\vards Timiskaming. Edwardsburgh Granville. Effingham Addmgton. E(raii Timiskaming. E^remont..".. " <^^^ey- Eilber , Msroma. Ekfrid ^Nfiddlesex. Elderslie Bruce. Eldon Victoria. Eldorado Timiskaming. Elizabethtown Leeds. Ellice T^ri-th- . Elliott Timiskaming. Ellis Sudbury. Elma Perth. Elmsley, North Lanark. Elmsley, South Leeds.. Elzevir Hastings. Emerald Sudbury. Emily Victoria. English Sudbury. Enni-ikillen Lambton. Ennismore Peterborough. Eramosa Wellington. Erin Ermatinger Sudbury. Ernestown Lennox. Escott Leeds. Esquesing Halton. Essa Sinicoe. Esten Algoma. E!obicoke York. Eton ..Kenora. County Toimsliip. or District. Euphemia Lambton. Euphrasia Grey. Evanturel Timiskaming. Evelyn " Eyre Haliburton. Fairbairn Sudbury. Fairbank " Falconbridge " FaJconer Nipissing. Fallon Timiskaming. Faraday Hastings. Farr Timiskaming. Farrington Rainy River. Fasken Timiskaming. Fauquier " Fawcett Sudbury. Fell Nipissing. Fenelon Victoria. Fenwick AJgoma. Ferguson Parry Sound. Fernow Thunder Bay. Ferrie Parry Sound. Ferris X'pissing. Field Finch Stormont. Findlay Timiskaming. Einlayson Nipissing. Fintry Algoma. Firstbrook Timiskaming. Fisher Adgoma. FitzgeraJd Nipissing. Fitzroy Carleton. Flamborough, East Wentworth. Flamborough, West " Flavelle Timiskaming. Fleck -AJgoma. Fleming Rainy River. Flos Simcoe. 1''oley Parry Sound. Foster Sudbury. Fournier Timiskaming. Fox Nipissing. Foy Sudbury. Fraleck Fraleigh Thunder Bay. Franklin Muskoka. Franz Algoma. Eraser Renfrew. Frechette Sudbury. Fredericksburgh, North .. ..Lennox. Fredericksburgh, South " Freeman ^fuskoka. French Nipissing. Freswick " Fripp Timiskaming. Fullarton Perth. Fushimi Algoma. Gainsborough Lincoln. Ga.lbraith Algcma. (lallagher Sudbury. Galna Timiskaming. Gaiwny Peterborough. Gamble Timiskaming. Gamey Sudbury. Garafraxa, East Dufferin. Garafraxa, West Wellington. Garrow Nipissing. Garson Sudbury. IGarvPT. " GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d TOWNSHIPS IN OUT A'RIO— Continued. 239 County Totrasliip. or District. Gaudette.. Ailgoma. Gauthier Timiskaming Geary Geikie Georgina York. German Timiskaming Gibbons Nipissing. Gibson Muskoka. Gill Ailgoma. Gillies Thunder Bay. Gillmor AJgoma. Glackmeyer Timiskaming Gladnian Nipissing. Gladstone AJgoma. Glamorgan Haliburton. Glanford Wentworth. Glenelg Grey. Gloucester Carleton. Goderich Huron. Godfrey Timiskaming. Gooderham Nipissing. Goodwin Thunder Bay. Gordon Manitoulin. Gorham Thunder Bay. Goschen Sudbury. Gosfield, North Essex. Gosfield, South Gough Sudbury. Gottin " Goulbourn Carleton. Gould .v'goma. Gowan Timiskaming. Gower, North Carleton. Gower, Sou^h Grenville. Graham Sudbury. Grant Nipissing. Grantham T/incoln. Grasett AJgoma. Grattan Renfrew. Greenock Bruce. Grenfell Timiskaming. Grey Huron. Griffith Renfrew. Grigg Sudbury. Grimsby, North Lincoln. Grimsby, South " (Jrimsthorpe Hastings. Gross Timiskaming. Groves Sudbury. Guelph We^llington. Guibord Timiskaming. Guilford Haliburton. Gurd Parry Sound. Gurney Timiskaming. Guthrie Nipissing. Gwillimbury, North York. (iwillimbury. East " Gwillimbury, West Simcoe. Haddo Sudbury. Raentschel " Hagar " Flagarty Renfrew. Hagerman Parry Sound. Haggart Timiskaming. Haidimand Northumber- land. Halkirk Rainy River. Ilallam Sudburv. To'tp^nsliip. Connty or District. Halliday Sudburv. Hallowell Prince Edward. Hamilton Northumber- land. Hammell Nipissing. Hanlon AJgoma. Hanmer Sudbury. Hanna Timiskaming. Harburn Haliburton. Harcourt " Hardiman Sudbury. Hardy Parry Sound. Ffarley Timiskaming. Harris " Harrison ..Parry Sound Harrow Sudbury. Hart " Hartman Kenora. Harty Sudbury. Harvey Peterborough. Harwich Kei t. Hassard Sudbury. Haughton AJgoma. Haultain Timiskaming. Havelock Haliburton. Havilland Algoma. Hawkesbury, East Prescott. Hawkesbury, West " ~- Hawkins AJgoma. [Hawley Sudbury. Hay Huron. Haycock Kenora. {Hayward AJgoma. Hazen Sudbury. Head Renfrew. Hearst Timiskaming. iHeiiderson Thunder Bay. Hendrie Sudbury. Flenne.ssy " Henry " Henwood Timiskaming. Herrick AJgoma. Herschell Flastings. Hess Sudbury. jHibbert Perth. Hillary Timiskaming. Billiard Hillier Prince Edward. Hilton .\Igoma. Himsworth, North Parry Sound. Himsworth, South " Hinchinbrooke Frontenac. Hincks Timiskaming. Hindon Haliburton. Hi=lop Timiskaming. Hobbs Nipis>sing. Hodgetts Sudbury. Hodgins Algoma. Hogarth Thunder Bay. Holland Grey. Holmes Timiskaming. Horner Ttiunder Bay Hope Durtiam. Horton Renfrew. Hoskin Sudbury. Plough ton NorfoJk. Howard Xont. Howe Island Frontenac. 240 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 TOWNSHIPS IN O'NT AHIO— Continued. ToTvnship. County or District. Howey Sudbury. Howick Huron. Howland Manitoulin. Hoyle Timiskaming. Hudson Hugel Nipiseing. HuUett Huron. Humberstone Welland. Humboldt Manitoulin. Humphrey Parry Sound. Hungerford Hastings. Hunter Nipissing. Huntingdon Hastings. Huntley Carleton. Huron Bruce. Hutt Sudbury. Hutton " Hyman Tdington Algoma. Ingram Timiskaming. Innes Thunder Bay. Innisfil Simcoe. Irving Algoma. Ivanhoe Sudbury. Jack Jaffray Kenora. James Timiskaming. Jamieson Janes Sudbury. Jarvis Algoma. Jessop Timiskaming. Jennings Sudbury, Jocelyn Algoma. Johnson ,Ioly Parry Sound. Jones Renfrew. Kaladar Lennox. Kapu^kasing Algoma. Kars Katrine Timiskaming. Keefer Keely Nipds«ing. Kehoe Algoma. Keith Sudbury. Kelly Kelvin " Kemp " Kendall Algoma. Kendrey Timiskaming. Kennebec Frontenac. Kennedy Timiskaming. Kenny Nipissdng. Kenyon Glengarry. KeppeJ Grey. Kerns Timiskaming. Kerrs " Kimberley " Kincaid Algoma. Kincardine Bruoe. Kidd Timiskaming. King- York. Kingsford Rainy River. Kingsmill Timiskaming. Kinorston Frontenac. Kinloss Bruce. Kirkland Timiskaming. Kirkpatrick N'ipissiing Kirkwall Algoma. County Toxrasbip. or District. Kirkwood Algoma. Kitchener Sudbury. Kitley Leeds. Kittson Timiskaming. Klock Klotz Thunder Bay. Knight Timiskaming. Knox " Kohler ^Algoma. Korah '' Lackner Sudbury. Ladysmith Kenora. Laidlaw Algoma. Laird Lake Hastings. Lamarche Timiskaming. Lampman Sudbury. Lanark Lanark. Lancaster Glengarry. Landry Algoma. Langmuir Timiskaming. Langton Kenora. Lansdowne Leeds. Lash Rainy River. Latchford Nipissing. Lauder " Laura Sudbury. Laurier Parry Sound. Lavant .-Lanark. Law Nipissing. Lawrence Haliburton. Lawson .Timiskaming. Laxton Victoria. Leask Sudbury. L&bel Timiskaming. Leckie Ledger Thunder Bay. Lee Timiskaming. Leeds Leeds. Lefroy Algoma. Legge Leitch Timiskaming. Leith Lennox " Leo Leonard LeRoche Xi pissing. Lerwick Algoma. Levaok Sudbury. Lewis., i Algoma. Ley Limerick Hastings. Lindsay.. Bruce. Lister Nipissing. Little Timiskaming. Livingstone Haliburton. Lobo Middlesex. Lochiel Glengarry. Lockhart Nipissing. Logan Perth. London ^^iddlesex. Londonderry Sudbury. Long Algoma. Longford Victoria. Longueuil Presrott. Lome Sudbury. Lorrain Timiskaming. London Nipissing. Loughborough Frontenac. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 241 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d TOWNSHIPS IN O'STARIO— Continued. County To-nrnship. or District. Lougpheed Algoma. Loughrin Sudbury. Louise Lount Parry Sound. Louth Lincoln. Louther Algoma. LoveJand Timiskaming. Low Thunder Bay. Lucas Timiskaming. Lumsden Sudbury. Lundy Timiskaming. Luther, East Dufferin. Luther, West Wellington. Lutterworth Haliburton. Lybster Thunder Bay. Lyell Xipissing. Lyman Lyndoch Renfrew. Lyon Thunder Bay. Mabee Timiskaming. McArthur " McBride Sudbury. McCallum N^ipissing. McCann Timiskaming. McCart McCarthy Sudbury. McCaul Rainy River. M'Clintock Haliburton. M'Clure Hastings. McCoig Vlgoma. MoConkey Parry Sound. McConnell Sudbury. McCool Timiskaming. McCrae Algoma. AfcCraney Nipissing. AfcCrosJ^on IJainy River McDougall Parry Sound. ifcElrov Timiskaming. :\rcEvay MoFadden " McGarry " MrGee Sudbury. McGiffin Timiskaming. McGilJivray Middlesex. ^fcGiverin Vlgoma. McGowan " ^fcGregor Thunder Bay. McTntyre MoTrvine Rainy River. McKay Renfrew. McKellar Parry Sound. McKeown Sudbury. McXillop Huron. >rcKim Sudbury. McLaren Xipissing. McLaughlin " McLean Muskoka. Mclveod Sndbury. McMahon Algoma. McMillan McMur.chy Sudbury. McMiirrich Parry Sound. ^^cNab Renfrew. McNamara Sudbury. McNaught McNeil Timiskaming. JIcNish Sudbury. McTavish Thunder Bay. McVittie Timiskaming. 2;W— iqm?- Thistle ^.i''\^^'"S.. Thomas Timiskaming. ThoTiipson Algoma. GEOGBAPEIC BOARD OF CANADA 245 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d TOWNSHIPS IN O'STA'RIO— Concluded. County To^iriisliip. or^ Disti'ict. Thorah Ontario. Thorburii Timiskaming. Thorneloe " ThoroJd , Welland. Thurlow Hastings". Tilbury, Noitk ..Essex. Tilbury, East Kent. Tilbury, West Essex. Tillev Aigoma. Tilton Sudbury. Timmins Timiskaming. Tiny Simcoe. T'sdale Timiskaming. Togo Sudbury. Tolstoi Timiskaming. Torbolton Carleton. Toronto Peel. Toronto Gore " Torrance Sudbury. Torrington Xi[iissiing. Tosorontio Simcoe. Totten Sudbury. Tovell Rainy River. Townsend Norfolk. TrafaJgar fTalton. Trethewey Timiskaming. Trill Sudbury. Truax Timiskaming Tucker Sudbury. Tuokersmith rfnron. Tudhope , Timiskaming. Tudor Hastings. Tully .. ..Timiskaming. Tupper Algoma. Turnberry Huron. Turnbull Timiskaming. Turner Sudbury. Tus<"arora Brant. Tyendinaga Hastings. Tyrrell Timiskaming. Umbach Kenora. Unwin Sudbury. Usborne Tluron. Uxbridge Ontario. Valin Sudbury. Van Home Kenora. Van Nostrand Timiskaming. Van Hise " Vankoughnet Algoma. Vaughan York. Vernon Sudbury. Verulam Victoria. Vespra Simcoe. Victoria \lgoma. Vogt Xil)issing. Vrooman Sndbury. Wabi^oon Kenora. Wainfleet Welland. Wainwright Kenora. Waldie Sndbury. Walker Timiskaming. Wallace Perth. Wallbridge Parry Sound. Wallis Timiskaming. Walpole Haldimand. Walsingham, North Norfolk. Walsingham, South " Warden.. . . ..Timiskaming. ToTcrnship. County or District* Ware Thunder Bay Wark Timiskaming. Warwick Lambton. Vraterloo Waterloo. Waters Sudbury. Watt Muskoka. Watteu Rainy River. Wauchoi)9 Kenora. Wawanosh, East Huron. Wawanosh, West " Way Algoma. Wellesley Waletioo. Wells Algoma. Wesley Timiskaming Westbrook Sudbury. Whalen " Westmeath Renfrew. Westminster Middlesex. Whitby Ontario. Whitby, East Whitchurch. York. White Nipissing. Whitesides Timiskaming. Whitman Algoma. Whitney Timiskaming. Whitson Wicklow Hastings. Widdifield Nipissing. Wigle Sudbury. W'ilberforce Renfrew. Wilhelmina Timiskaming Wilkes Nipissing. Wilkie Timiskaming. Willet Williams, North " Williams, East Middlesex. Williams, West Williamsburgh Dundas. Williamson Timiskaming. Willison Willoughby Welland. Wilmot Waterloo. Wilson Parry Sound. Winchester Dundas. Windham Norfolk. Wisner Sndbury. Wolfe IsJand Frontenac. Wolford Oreuville. Wollaston Hastings. W^ood Muskoka. Woodhous* Norfolk. Woodyatt Rainy River. Woolrich Algoma. Woolwich.. ..- Waterloo. Worthington Rainy River. Wylie Renfrew. Wyse Nipissing. Yarmouth Elgin. Yarrow Tinii-;kamuig Yates Nipissing. Yonge T,epds. York York. Zavitz Sudbury. Zealand Kenora. Zone Kent. Zora, East Oxford. Zora. West 246 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 TOWNSHIPS IN QUEBEC. Toxcnsliip. County or District. Abercrombie Terrebonne. Aberdeen Pontiac. Aberford Pontiac and Timiskaming. Achintre Cliamplain and St. Maurice. Acton Bagot. Acton (Gore) " Adams Chaimplain. Addington Labelle. Adhemar Pontiac. Adstock Prontenac. Aiguebelle Timiskaming. Albanel Lake St. John. Albani Cliamplain. Albert Saguenay. Aldfield Pontiac. Allard St. Maurice. Alleyn Pontiao. Allumettes " Alton Portneuf. Amherst Labelle and Terrebonne. Amyot Cliamplain. Angers Bonaventure. Angouleme Maskinonge. Arago L'Islet. Archambault Montcalm. Armagh Bellechasse and Montmagny. Armand Temiscouata.' Arnaud Saguenay. Arthabaska Arthabaska and Megantic. Arundel Argenteuil. Ascot Sherbrooke. Ashburton Montmagny. Ashford L'Islet. Ashford, .Augm " Ashuapmouchuan Lake St. John. Assemetquagan Bonaventure. Aston Xicolet. Aston Gore " Atwater Timiskaming. Aubin Cliamplain. Auckland Compton. Auclair Teiiiisoouata. Auger Pontiac. Aumond Ottawa. Awantjish Matane. .AAvantjisli. .Aug " Aylmer Frontenac. .Aylwin Ottawa. Babel ■. Saguenay. Baby Timiskaming. Baijot < "liicoirtimi. Baillarge Lake St. John. Baillargeon Gaspe. Bardy Chaniplain. Barford Stanstead. Baril Champlain. Barnston Stanstead. Barraute Timiskaming. Barry Pontiac. Bartouille Timiskaming. Baskatong Ottawa. Basserode Timiskaming. Toxtmsliip. County or District. Baiidin Pontiac and Berthier. Baune Saguenay. Bauneville Tiiiiiskaiiiing. Bazin Champlain and St. Maurice. Beam Timiskaming. Beaubien L'Islet. Beaumesnil Pontiao. _ Bedard Rimouski. Begin Chicoutimi. Begon Teroiscouata. Bellecourt.. .' Saguenay. Belleau *. . St. Maurice. Bellechasse Bellechasse. Bellecombe Timiskaming. Beraud " Beresford Terrebonne Bergeronnes .. : Saguenay. Bernetz Timiskaming. Bernier Pontiac. Berlinguet Champlain and Lake St. John. Berry Timiskaming. Bersimis Saguenay. Berthelot Pontiac. Biart Quebec. Bickerdike Biencourt Rimouski. Biffelow Labelle. Bisaillon Champlain. Bissot Saguenay. Blaiklock Abitibi. Blais Matane. Blake Labelle and Ottawa. Blanche Saguenay. Blanchet Gaspe. Blanc-Sa.blon (archipelago) .. Saguenay. Blandford Artliabaska and Nicolet. Boilleau Chicoutimi. Bois P.ortneuf. Boischatel Timiskaming. Boisclair " Boishebert Saguenay. Boisseau Pontiac. Bolton Brome. Bougard IVintiac. Bonin Chami>lain and Lake St. .John. Bonne-Esperance Saguenay. Booth Timiskaming. Borgia Quebec. Potsford Temiscouata. Boucher Champlain. Bouchette Ottawa. Bougainville Saguenay. Bourassa Champlain. Rourdages Montmagny. Bor.rrlon Saguenay. [Bourgeois Champlain. I Bourget Chicoutimi. I Bourlamaque Timi-ikaniing. iBourmont Berthier and Pontiac. Bousquet Timiskaming. Bouthillier Labelle. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 247 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d TOWNSHIPS IN QUEBEC— Con/mwed ToTirnsliip. County or District. ToT^mship. Bowman T.abelle. Boyer " Brandon Berthier and Joliette. Brassard Berthier. Brassier Pontiac. Brebeiif ('hicoutimi. Brecourt Pontiac and St. Maiirice. Brest Saguenay Bristol Pontiac. Brochu Champlain. Brodeur Timiskaming. Brome Brome. Brompton llichm'ond. Brouague Saguenay. Broiighton Beauce. Bruchesi Timiskaming. Bryson Pontiac. Buckingham Labelle. Buckland Bellechasse and Dorchester. Buies ^[askinonge and St. ^laurice. Bulstrode Arthabaska. BuLsitrode, .Au^^^m Bungay Kamour£Lska Bureau Champlain. Bury ('ompton. Cabano Temiscouala. Cabot Matane. Cadieux Champlain. Cadillac Timi-kaming. Caire • " Callieres Charlevoix. Calumet Pontiac. Cameron Ottawa. Campbell T/abelle. Campeau Timiskaming. ' Cannon Saguenav. Cap-Chat Gaspe. Cap-Rosier Carignan C!,amplain. Carleton Bonaventure. Caron T,ake St. John. Carpentier Timiskaming. Carrier ToJiette. Casault Matane. i Casgrain 1/lslet. Castagnier riini--kaming. Causapscal Matane. Cathcart Toilette. Cauchon Montmorency. Cawood Pontiac. Caxton St. Maurice. Caxton, Aug:n " Cery. Saguenay. Chabert Timi.skaniing. Chabot Kamouraska. Champigny f "tiicoutimi. Chapais ICamouraska. Chapleau Maskinong^. Chapman '"Iianiplaiii. Chardon Chicoutimi. Charest f'hamplain. Charette. Pontiac. Charleyoix Lake St. John Charnay Saguenay. Chassaigne. Chasseur.. . Chateauvert. Chatham.. . Chaumont. . Chauveau. . Chauvin.. .. Chaviguy.. . Chazel Chenier.. .. Cherbourg . Cherrier... . Chertsey Chesham.. . Chester.. .. Chevalier. . Chichester. . Chicoutimi. . Chilton.. .. Chouinard. . Choquette. . Christie.. .. Cimon Clapham.. .. Cla.rendon. . Clericy.. .. Clerion.. .. Clermont. . . Cleveland. . Clifton.. .. Clinton.. .. Cloridorme. . Closse Cloutier.. .. Clyd^ Coffin Island. County or District. . Ma--kinonge, Pontiac and St. Maurice. .Quebec. . Champlain. . Argenteuil. .Quebec. . t 'harlevoix. .Chicoutimi. , Portneuf. . Timiskaming. . Rimouski. . Matane. .Pontiac. , Montcalm. , Frontenac. , Arthabaska. . Saguenay. . Pontiao. . Chicoutimi. . Montcalm. . Cliamplain. . Maskinouge & St. Maurice. . Gaspe. . Chicoutimi. . I'ontiac. . Tiniiskamin":. Coignv.. .. Colbert.. .. Coleraine. . Compton.. . Cook Coquart . . . . Couillard.. . Courcelles. . Coursol.. .. Couture.. .. Courville. . Cox Cranbourne. Croma.zie. . CrespieuJ.. . Crusson.. .. Cuvillier.. . Daaquam. . Dablon.. .. Dalibaire. . Dalmas.. .. Dalquier.. . Dandurand. . Richmond. . Compfcon. , I'rontenac. . Gaspe. . Pontiac. , Champlain. . Labelle. . Magdalen Is- lands. . Timiskaming . Portneuf. . Megantio. . Compton. . Saguenay. . Chicoiitimi. Dansereau.. . Darlena. . . . Dasserat. . . . Daudhebourg. , Berthier. . Pontiac. . Chicoiitimi. . Timiskaming. . Bonaventure. . Dorchest^er. . Champlain. . Lake St. John. . Pontiac. . Bellechasse. . Lake St. John. . Matane. . T,ake St. John. .Timiskaming. . Champlain and St. ]\Laurice. .Chami)lain. .Timiskaming. , Saguenay. 248 DEPARTMENT OF TEE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 TOWNSHIPS IN QUEBEC — Continued. Tovrnsliip. County or District. David Ma.skinonge& St. Maurice. De Beaujeu Gaspe. De CaJonnes ^[askinonge. DeCazea Lake St. John. Decelles 9V™i'i''V''K„ Dechene Lake S. John. Dgl\o-e Champlam- Delbreuh:; .' ?H'"'cf "t' "v,!,- Delisle Lake St. John. De Maisonneuve Berthier. Demers Temiscouata. Demeules Lake St. John. De Monts Sagnenay. Denholm S^,^^^^- . Denonville Temiscouata. Denoue ?^?P^o^ r x.„ Dequen Lake St. John. Dequen, Augui ' pgrry Labelle. De Saiaberry . ." ' Terrebonne. De Sales Charlevoix. Desandroins Timi^kaming. DesauJniers St. Maurice. De-shone- Timiskaming. Deschamps Pontiac. Desmeloizes Timiskammg. Despinassy " Desroberts Des-;ane Champlain. Destor Timidkaming. Devlin Deziel Champlain. Dionne T/Islet. Disson Timiskaming. Ditchfield Frontenac. Ditton Compton. Dolbeau Lake St. John. Dollard 1 Pontiac. Doncaster Terrebonne. Dorion Pontiao. Dorser rrnnteuac. Douglas Gaspe. Doussin l*oiitiac. Douville Maskinonge& St. Maurice. Dronin Champlain. Duberger Lake St. John & Mistassini. Dubois Champlain and Lake St. John. Dubuc Chicoutimi. Dubuisson.. » Timiskaming. Duchesnay Gaspe. Duchesneau Saguenay. _ Ducreux Chicoutimi. Ducros Timiskaming. Dudley Labelle. Dudswell Wolfe. Dtifay Timiskaming. Dufferin Lake St. John. ')ufresnoy Timiskaming. Duhamel " Dumas Chicoutimi. Dumoulin Cliamiilain. Dundee Huntingdon. Diuiliam Missisqnoi. Toxp-nsliip. County or District. Duparqupr Timiskaming. Duprat Dupuis Champlain. Duquesne Kimouski. Durham Drummond. Durocher Chicoutimi. Duval Saguenay. Duverny Timiskaming. Eardley Ottawa. Eaton Compton. Eddy Timiskaming. Edwards " Egan Ottawa. Klgin Huntingdon. Ely Shefford. Emberton Compton. Escoumaius Saguenay. Esher Pontiao. Estoourt Temiscouata. Evauturel Champlain. Fabre Timiskaming. Faguy Champlain and Lake St. John. Faillon Pomtiac. Falardeau Chicoutimi. Farnham Brome and Mis-isquoi. Faucher Cliaplain and St. Maurice. FerJand Chi&outirai. Fiedmont Timiskaming. Figuery " Fitzpatrick Snguenay. Flahault Bonaventure. Fleuriau Matane and Rimouski. Flynn Kimouski. Forsyth Frontenac. Fortier Maskinonge LuiricL- Fortin Gaspe. Fournier I/Islet. Fourniere Timiskaming. Fox Gaspe. Frampton Dorchester. Franklin Huntingdon. Franquelin Saguenay. Frechette C'hami)lain. Fremont (jaboury Timiskaming. Gagne.. Chicoutimi. Gagnon Labelle. Gait Gaspe. Garneau L'Lslet. Gamier I>ake St. John. Garthbv Wolfe. Gaspe Bay, North Gaspe. Gaspe Bav, South Gauthier! Berthier. Gauvin Lake St. .lolin & Mistassini. Gayhurst Frontenac. Gendreau Timiskaming. Gendron Quebec. Ctpoffrion Cliami-Iain. Gillies Pontiac. Girard LakeSt.John. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CANADA 249 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d TOWNSHIPS IN aVEBEG— Continued. County ToAsrnship. or District. Girouard Pontieu?. Godmanchester ITuntingdoD. Gore Argenteuil. Gosford Portneuf. Grosselin Bertliier and Maskinonge. Gouin Joliette. Goynish Safjuenay. Granby Shefford. Grandison Terrebonne. Gianet Timiskaming. Giantham Drummond. Gravel Libelle. Grenier Saguenay. Grenville, .A r"'enteuil. Grenville, Anyni Arsenleiiil. Guay '. Timi-kaming. Guerin " Guigues " Guyenne Hackett Champlain. Halifax Megantic. Ham, North Wolfe. Ham, South " Hamel Champlain. Hamilton Bona venture. Hampden Compton. Hanotaux Champlain and Pontiac. Harper Champlain. Harrington Argenteuil. Harrington, Gore " Hartwell ^^Labelle. Harvey ("hicoutimi. Hatley Stanstead. Havelock Huntingdon. Hebecourt Timiskaming. Hebert ("hicoutimi. Hemmingford Huntingdon. Hereford Compton. Hereford, Gore " Hinchinbrook Huntingdon. Hincks Ottawa. Hocquart Teniiskamins . Champlain. . Montmorency and Quebec. , Abitibi and Mistassini. . Labelle. . Frontenac. . Bonaventure. . Labelle. , Lake St. John. . Bonaventure. . Pontiac. , Temiscouata. .Labelle. . Timiskaming. , Saguenay. . Labelle. . Portneuf. . Montmagny. . Montcalm. .Matane. . Timiskaming. . Lake St. John. . Timiskaming. Temiscoiiata. . Champlain and Lake St. John. . Bellechasse. . Tiiuiiskaming. .Shefford. . Abitibi and Mistassini. . Timiskaming. . Saguenay. . Timiskaming. 252 DEPARTilENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 TOWNSHIPS IN QMEB^G— Concluded. ToTrnship. County or District. Sagard Sa-wenay. Saguenay ........... St. Augustm (archipelago). .. St. Camnie Wolfe. St. Denis ^1^^^^^:- • St. Germain Chicoutimi. St. Hilaire Lake St. John. St. Jean fhicoutimi. Ste. Marie (archipelago) Sagu^^nay. St. iMaurice ■ St. Maurice. Saiut-Pere Pontiac. St. Vincent SaQfuenay. Scott Abitibi. Senneterre Pontiac and Timiskainmg. Sennville Timiskaming. Serigny Pontiac. Settrington rharlevoix. Shawenegan St. Maurice. Sheen i'^^j'-^S" Shefford ^^''fi^^rd. Shehyn liuuiikaming. ShenleyV. Beauce. Sherrington NapiervUle. Sherrington, Gore " Shipton Richmond. Sicotte 9^\^^^: T u gj(,jjai Jiake St. John. Sifvy.."'. .". .'- Cliicoufmi. Simard Simpson Arthabaska & Drummond Sincennpp • Chainnhun Somerset Megantic. Somerset, Augm Spalding Frontenac. Squart Pontiac. Stanbridge Missisquoi. Standon Dorchester. Staiidon, Augni • Stanfold Arthabaska. Stanstead Stanstead. Stoke Richmond. Stoneham Quebec. Stratford Wolfe. Stukelv Shefford. Suffolk Labelle. Suite Chamnlain. Surimau Timiskaming. Sutton Brome. Sydenham Gaspe. Suzor Champlain. Tabaret Timiskaming. Tache Chicoutimi. Tadoussac Sagu<>nay. TaiMon Lake St. John. Talon Montmagny. Tanguay Lake St. John. Tarte Cbamplain. Taschereau Gaspe. Tasse Champlain. Tavernier I'ontiac. Tellier Joliette. Templeton Ottawa. Templeton, Gore Tessier Afatane. Tewkesbury Quebec. Thetford INfegantic. Toviriisliip. County or District. Thorne Pontiac. Tillemont Pontiac. Tingwick Arthabaska. Tonnancour Pontiac. Tonti Portneuf. Tourelle Gaspe. Tourouvre Champlain. Tou-saint ' ,.. .. Tracy Berthier. Trecesson Timiskamiug. Tremblay Chicoutimi. Trevet Pontiac. Tring Beauce. Trudel Quebec. Turcotte. Champlain. Turgeon Labelle. Upton Bagot, Drum- mond and Yamaska. Upton, Gore Bagot. Valets Pontiac. Vallieres Champlain. Valmy Pontiac. Varsan Timiskaming. Vassal Vasson Pontiac. Vaudray Timiskaming. Vauquelin.; Pontiac. Verreau Champlain and Lake' St. John. Vieux Fort (archipelago).. ..Saguenay. Viger Temiscouata. Vifars Timiskaming. Villemontel Villeneuve Labelle. Wabassee Wakefield Ottawa. Waltham Pontiac. Ware Bellecha-sse and Dorcliester. Warwick Arthabaska. Washicoutai (archipelago).. ..Saguenay. Watford Dorchester. Weedon Wolfe. Weir Bonaventure. Wells Labelle. Wendover Drummond and Nicolet. Wendover, Gore Yamiuska. Wentworth ArgenteuiL Westbnry Compton. Wexford Montcalm and Terrebonne. Weymontaohingue Champlain. Whitton Frontenac. Whitton, Gore " Whitworth Temiscouata. Wickham Drummond. Windsor Richmond. Winslow Frontenac. Woburn " Wolfe Terrebonne. Wolfestown Wolfe. Woodbridge Kamouraska. Wotton Wolfe. Wright Ottawa. Wurtele Labelle. York Gaspe. GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OF CAXADA 253 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25d TOWNSHIPS IN NOVA SCOTIA. Tow^nsliip. County Amherst Cumberland. Annapolis Annapolis. Argyle Yarmouth. Arisaig Antigonish. Aylesford Kings. Barrington Shelburne. Boularderie (island) Cape Breton. Chester Lunenburg. Clare Digby. Clements Annapolis. CornwaUis Kings. Dartmouth Halifax. Digby Digby. Digby Neck " Dorchester Antigonish. Douglas ..Hants. Economy i Colchester. Egerton Pictou. Falmouth Hants. Granville Annapolis. Guysborough Guysborough. Guysborough Queens. Horton .Kings. Halifax j Halifax. Hillsborough Digby. Kempt.. . .' Hants. Kemptown Colchester. Liverpool Queens. Londonderry CoJchester. Long Island Digby. Lunenburg Lunenburg. Louisburg Cape Breton. Maitland Hants. Manchester Guysborough. To^vnsliip. County Maxwellton Pictou. Milford Guysborough. Mira Cape Breton. Morristown Antigonish. Xew Dublin Lunenburg. Xewpoft Hants. Oldham ;[alifax. Onslow Colchester. Pictou I'ictoii. Preston Halifax. Rawdon Hants. Sacivville Halifax. St. Andrews Antigonish. St. Andrews Cape Breton St. Josephs \n:igonish. St. Marys Guysborough. Shelburne Shelburne. Shubenacadie Hants. Stewiacke Colchester. Stirling Stormont Guysborough. Sydney L'ape Breton. Tangier Halifax. Talamagouche Colchester. Tracadie Antigonish. Truro Colchester. Cniacke Hants. Walton. " Wilmot Annapolis. Wilmot Guysborough. Windsor Hants. Weymouth Rigby. Yarmouth Yarmouth. PARISHES IN NEW BRUNSWICK. Aberdeen Carleton. Acadieville Kent. Addington Restigouche. Alma. Albert. Alnwick Northumber- land. Andover Victoria. Balmoral Restigouche. Bathurst Gloucester. Beresford " Blackville N^orthumber- land. BJissfield Xorthumber- land. Blissville Sunbury. Botsford Westmorland. Bright York. Brighton Carleton. Brunswick Queens. Burton Sunbury.- Cambridge Queens. CampobeLlo Charlotte. Canning " Canterbury York. Caraquet Gloucester. Cardwell Kings. Carleton Kent. Chatham Xorthumber- land. Chipman Queens. Clarendon Charlotte. Clair Victoria. Cloverdale Albert. Colborne ,. .^Restigouche. Dalhousie t " Derby.. .. Xorthumber- land. Dorchester ^Westmorland. Douglas York. Drummond Victoria. Dufferin Charlotte. Dumbarton " Dumfries York. Dundas ^Kent. Durham .Restigouche. Eldon Elgin Albert. Gagetown Queens. Gladstone Sunbury. Glenelg ^X'orthumber- land. Gordon Victoria. Grand Falls , " Grand ^^anan Charlotte. Greenwich Kings. Hammond " Hampstead Queens. Hampton Kings. Harcourt Kent. Hardwicke Xortb umber land. Harvev Albert. 254 DEPAKTMEXr OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 PARISHES IN NEW B'RV'SSWICK— Co )i eluded. Farisli. County. Havelock Kings. Hillsborough Albert. Hopewell Huskisson Kent. Inkerman Gloucester. Johnston Queens. ' Ears Kings. Kent Carleton. Kingsclear York. Kingston Kings. * Lancaster St. John. Lepreau Charlotte. Lincoln Sunbury. Lome Victoria. Ludlow Northumber- land. McAdam York. Madawaska Madawaska. Manners Sutton York. MaugersvLlle Sunbury. Moncton Westmorland. Musquash St. John. Nelson N ^iL r- ^; yS ^ ^„J Kilief Map of Caiiaila i.-is- lao- icy \2sr us! iio* los* loo" ay 9o° ei ^ Arctic . \~ r\ VI AfAD^ /^ ^ %i .\y fl _5 n j^^ y. >^ — li ^ 7 r<^\'^ --hi -^^^ T -^mpmiit PlysitaJ Geo^aj.liy ul ( aiioila 4i DB Dowling 15 ,- f :\*'-- ■ "3 o 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ^yATER POWER BRANCH J. B. CHALLIES, Superintendent. WATER RESOURCES PAPER No. 2 REPORT ON Bow River Power AND Storage Investigations SEASONS 1911-12-13 BY M. C. HENDRY, B.A.Sc. Prepared under the direction of the Superintendent of Water-Fowers. PRIXTEI) BY ORDER OF PARLIAMEXT. OTTAWA PHIXTKI) HV .1. DE L. TACKfi, PRINTKR TO THE KlXCrS MOST EXCELLEXT MAJESTY 1914 25 E— 1915.] 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 To Field Marshal His Royal Highness Prince Arthur Willia7n Patrick Albert, Duke of Connaught and of Strathearn, K.G., K.T., K.P., etc., etc., etc.. Governor General and Commander in Chief of the Dominion of Canada. May It Please Your Royal Highness: The undersigned has the honour to lay before Your Royal Highness a report of the Bow River Power and Storage Investigations. Respectfully submitted, W. J. ROCHE, Minister of the Interior. Ottawa, May 22, 1914. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 Department of the Interior, Ottawa, May 22, 1914. The Honourable W. J. Roche, ]\I.D., ^linister of the Interior. Sir,— I have the honour to submit a report of the Bow River Power and Storage Investigations and to recommend that it be published as Water Resources Paper No. 2 of the Dominion Water Power Branch. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. W. CORY, Deputy Minister of the Interior. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 Water Power Branch, Ottawa, August 29, 1914. W. W. Cory, Esq., C.M.G., Deputy ]\Iinister of the Interior. Sir: — Conservation of the waters of the Bow River is of the utmost moment for upon it directly depends the agricultural and industrial prosperity of a very large area of southern Alberta. Rising in the high and remote regions of the Rocky ^Mountains National Park, and, with its many tributaries, furnishing the most interesting and attractive feature of this world-famed scenic park, it emerges from the park only to be harnessed to supply energy for transmission many miles away to the City of Calgary for municipal purposes, street lighting, tramways, and for general commercial and industrial use. After furnishing this hydro-electric energy, the same waters have, by irrigation, converted thousands of acres of otherwise useless land into the most fertile and fruitful tracts within the Province. At "first blush" it would appear that the two important uses of this water for irrigation, and for power, would result in serious conflict of interest. For- tunately the irrigation requirements occur during high water stages of the river, and storage on its upper waters would make it possible to conserve enough of the flood flow, not required for irrigation, to equalize the low flow during the winter months that may be necessary for power purposes. The present use and distribution, and the future conservation, of the water resources of the Bow river basin, constitute one of the most important problems before the Depart- ment of the Interior. In some of its phases this problem has already been solved, while in others it awaits solution, although a beginning has been made, and the lines of practicable progress have been fairly well marked out. Realizing the importance of the Bow river waters to every phase of the development of the district through which it flows, and of the utmost necessity of having a practicable conservation scheme worked out and put into practice without delay, the Dominion Water Power Branch has made a thorough investi- gation of the water resources of the Bow River basin above Calgary. These investigations have been carried on to completion with all reasonable thorough- ness and every possible despatch under the immediate direction of Mr. M. C. Hendry, B.A. Sc, who has acted throughout with the continuous advice and assistance of Mr. C. H. Mitchell of the Consulting Engineering firm of C. H. and P. H. Mitchell, Toronto. They have been surprisingly gratifying, showing that it is economically feasible to so regulate the flow of the Bow River, by means of storage works in its upper waters, as to warrant the development at six power sites of over 45,000 continuous 24-hour W.H. P., all within 50 miles of the City of Calgary. At the same time it has been shown, that the using of these waters for power purposes above Calgary 'need not conflict with the consumption of the same water below C'algary for irrigation purposes; rather would the regu- lation proposed for power purposes be a distinct advantage to the extension of existing irrigation systems to their ultimate capacity, and also insure in the future the instigation of additional irrigation projects. Owing to the importance of Mr. Hendry's investigations, and of their direct bearing on the industrial development of central Alberta, I would recommend that they be published for general distribution as "Water Resources Paper No. 2" of the Dominion Water Power Branch. Mr. Hendry's report is sul)mitted for this purpose. Respectfully submitted, J. B. CHALLIES, Superintendent, Dominion Water Power Branch. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 Ottawa, May 22, 1914. J. B, Challies, Esq., Superintendent Dominion Water Power Branch, Department of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir,— I beg to submit herewith the manuscript of a report on Power and Storage Investigations on the Bow River west of Calgary. In submitting this report I wish to acknowledge the loyal and efficient assistance of Mr. C. H. Attwood, ]\Ir. K. H. Smith, and other members of my staff in collecting and arranging data for this report. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, M. C. HENDRY, Chief Engineer. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 CONTENTS. I. Summary of Investigations. Page Introduction — Departmental Policy — Necessity of Investigations: — Organization and Scope — Metering Stations 1 Resume of Work — Reconnaissance — Siu'veys — Results of Sui'vej'S — Results of Storage Investigations 3 Estimates of Cost 6 Similar Investigations — Ontario — New York State — State of Maine — State of Washington — Other Examples 7 Recommendations 9 Acknowledgements : 9 II. Bow River. Bow River — General — Fall — ^Drainage Area — Discharge — Topographical Features — River Divisions 10 Power Section 11 Storage Section^Lakes of — Streams of— Underflow 11 III. Ice. Ice — Sheet Ice — Frazil Ice — Anchor Ice 16 Winter Conditions — As Affecting Plant Operation 18 IV. Meteorological Phenomena. Rainfall — -General — -Relation of Precipitation to Altitude — -Value of Records — Accuracy of Record.s — -Distribution of Rainfall — Relation of Precipitation to Run-off — ^Division of the Year-Temperature — Influence upon Evaporation — Influence upon Discharge.... 23 V. Run-off. Run-off — General — I'nderground Flow — ^Low Water Discharge — Flood Discharge — Winter Conditions — Stream Measm'ement — Discharge Data 28 VI. Exlstixg Develop.ments. Eau Claire Plant 33 Lake Louise Plant — General — Development — Intake — Pipe Line and Head — Equipment — Utihzation of Power 33 Horseshoe Falls Plant— Dam — Intake — Penstocks — Power Station — Equipment — Trans- mission Lines and Substations — Construction — Precautions in Construction — Inspec- tion and Approval 34 Kananaskis Falls Plant — General- Site — Development — Dam — Discharging Capacity — Canal and Forebay — Pressure Tubes — Power Station and Equii)ment 39 Market — Power Rates — Peak Loads 42 Growth of Power Demands Investigation 42 xiii xiv DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 VII. Possible Developments. Page General — Methods of Investigation — List of Sites 45 Bow Fort Site — General — Site— Water Supply— Development — Head — Dam — Intake- Penstocks — Power Station and Equipment 47 Estimates of Cost— Cost of Plant — Storage Charges — Transmission Charges — Total Capital Cost — Annual Charges 49 Mission Site — General — Site— Water Supply — Development— Head — Dam — Intake — Canal — Forebay — Penstocks — Power Station and Equipment .51 Estimates of Cost— Cost of Plant — Transmission Line Charges — Storage Charges — Total Capital Cost — Annual Charges .54 Ghost Site — General — Site — -Development — Flow — Head — Dam — Intake — Canal — Fore- bay — ^Penstocks — Power Station and Equipment 56 Estimates of Cost — Cost of Plant — Transmission Line Charges, Etc. — Storage — Total Capital Cost — Annual Charges 59 Radnor Site — General — Site — Development — Flow — Head — Dam — Intake— Forebay — Penstocks — -Power Station and Equipme|nt — Tail Race 60 Estimates of Cost — Cost of Plant — Transmission and Transformer Charges — Storage Charges — Total Capital Cost — Annual Charges 63 Cascade Power Plant — General — Water Supply— Available Power — Method of Develop- ment— Dam — Pepstocks— Power House — Equipment 64 VIII. Storage. Storage — General — Storage Basins 71 Lake Minnewanka — ^General — Agreement of Development — Storage Basin — Capacity — Discharge — Storage — Construction — Dam — Clearing Basin^ — Bridge^Power in Con- nection with Storage — Utilization of 150 c.f.s. Flow for Power — UtiUzation of 200 c.f.s. Flow for Power — Influence of Winter Conditions on Discharge from Storage. . . 72 Spray River and Lakes — General — Lakes— Reconnaissance — Basin — Method of Survey — Area and Capacity of Basin — River Discharge — Storage Operation 84 Creation of Storage at Spray Lake — Type of Structure — Hydraulic-Fill Dams — Site — Hydraulic-Fill Materials — Construction — Power for Construction Purposes — Dam — Unwatering Tunnel — Dimensions — Clearing — Trails — Temporary Power — Road — Es- timated Cost of Creating Storage 90 Bow Lake Storage— General — Lake — Investigation — Storage Capacity — Sources of Water Supply — Process of Filling — -Manipulation^Dam — Spillway — Embankment — Con- struction Difficulties 97 Estimated Cost : 103 IX. Elbow River. General — Discharge — Power Section of River — Storage 105 Power Development — Dam — Dimensions^ — Flume and Penstocks — Forebaj' — Power Station — Equipment 108 Storage Development — Details of Development — Dimensions of Dam — Benefits of Storage Power — Estimated Cost — Conclusion 112 X. Additional Storage Inspections. Kananaskis River and Lakes — Source — Tributaries — Storage Possibilities^ — I'pper Site — Central Site — Lower Site — Water Supply — Effect of Storage^ — First Assumption — Second Assumption 115 Cost^Capital Cost — Annual Charges — Cost of Power 122 Hector Lake 124 Pipestone Creek — Discliarge — Drainage Area — Possibilities of Storage 124 Baker Creek — Drainage Area — Discharge — Storage Possibilities 125 Johnston Creek — Discharge — Storage Possibilities 127 Vermilion and Redearth Creeks 129 Brewster Creek 129 Ghost River — ^Discharge — Storage Possibilities — Regulation Storage Basin 130 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE xv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e XI. Benefits ok Stora(;e. Page General — Review of Situation — Diagrams — Tables — Effect of Storage Below Calgary. . 134 Conclusion — Effect of Storage on Discharge — Effect of Storage on Power Output 141 Auxiliary Storage — Ice Conditions below Storage Basins — Storage Manipulation 142 XII. Irrigation. General — Relation of Power and Irrigation Requirements 147 APPENDICES. Appendix I. Letter from C. H. Mitchell, C.E., Consulting Engineer 151 Appendix II. Report by G. R. G. Conway, C.E 157 Appendix III. Report by G. L. Albert 165 Appendix IV. Report by Mr. Shutt, Dominion Chemist 171 Appendix V. Report on Geology of District by Charles Camsell. B.Sc, Ph.D.. 175 Appendix VI. Water-Power Regulations 189 Appendix VU. Run-off Data 199 Appendix VIII. Precipitation Data 297 Appendix IX. Temperature Data 303 Appendix X. Evaporation Data 329 Index 335 Plans in pocket. Maps " " xvi DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 ILLUSTRATIONS. Title Page Outlet of Bow Lake Frontispiece Crow Foot Glacier 12 Bow Glacier 12 Bow River below Hector Lake 14 Ghost River Flats 14 Ice Conditions Cascade River 19 <' « • " " 20 " " " " 24 " 25 Horseshoe Falls Plant 35 Kananaskis Falls 40 Bow Fort Site 46 Mission Site 55 Ghost Site 56 Power House Site, Radnor 62 Dam Site, Radnor 63 Devil's Canyon before Construction . 66 " Dam, View from Basin 67 " Dam, Summer 69 " Winter 69 Power Station Site Cascade River 71 Devil's Creek, Old Dam 72 " " Canyon Wall 75 Flume 79 " Potholes 79 Spray River Canyon, looking upstream 85 " " " " downstream 86 " " above Canyon 95 " Lake 96 Bow Lake, looking East. 98 Bow Lake, looking east above Crow Foot Glacier 99 Creek Upper End Bow Lake 1(>2 Bow Lake Outlet 102 Rock above Dam Site, Bow Lake 104 Elbow River Storage Basin (Panorama) 107 " ■ Power Dam Site 110 " " " " Ill " Station Site 114 " " Storage Dam Site (Panorama) 117 Upper Kananaskis Lake 117 Lower " " . • ■; ^^^ Kananaskis River, looking South 122 North 123 Hector Lake 127 Ptarmigan Lake 128 Johnston Creek Canyon 131 Kananaskis Falls after Construction 144 Kananaskis Falls Dam To Face Page 148 No, Plate 1 Phifp II Plate III Plate IV Plate ^■ Plate VI Plate VII Plate VIII Plate IX BOW RIYER POWER AXD STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e DIAGRAMS. To Face Pagb:. Diagram shewing mean monthly discharge of Bow River at Calgary, Horseshoe Falls and Banff from January, 1908, to December, 1912. . . 10 Diagram shewing the effect of temperature on the djscharge of the Bow River as recorded at Banff from April, 1910, to December, 1912. ... 27 Diagram shewing the effect of temperature as recorded at Banff on the discharge of the Bow River as recorded at Horseshoe Falls from November 6, 1912, to March 6, 1913 27 Diagram shewing mean monthly discharge of Elbow River at Calgarv from May, 1908, to December, 1912 ". 32 Diagram shewing mean monthlv discharge of the Sprav River at Banff from July, 1910, to Detember 1912 " 32 Diagram shewing grouting and inspection holes beneath Calgarj- Power Co.'s dam at Horseshoe Falls 38 Profile of Bow River from Kananaskis Falls to Radnor 70 Plan and Section of Typical Station 70 Diagram shewing discharge in acre-feet of Bow River at Horseshoe Falls from ^lay, 1909 to February, 1913, and effect of Minnewanka Storage over low water periods 74 Plate X Diagram shewing discharge in acre-feet of Lake Minnewanka Storage from January, 1911, to August, 1912, also the process of filling basin and providing for a continuotis flow of 150 sec. -feet with 12 feet of storage 74 Plate XI Diagram shewing discharge in Acre-feet of Lake Minnewanka Storage from January, 1911, to August, 1912, also the process of filling l)asin and providing for a continuous flow of 150 sec-feet with 1() feet of storage , 80 Plate XII Diagram shewing discharge in acre-feet of Lake Minnewanka Storage from January, 1911, to August, 1912, also the process of filling the basin and jiroviding for a constant discharge of 200 sec. -feet 82 Plate XIII Ilydrograph of mean monthly flow of Lake Minnewanka Storage from January, 1911, to August, 1912, showing conditions imposed by a con- stant run-off of 150 sec. -feet 82 Plate XI\ Diagrani shewing condition of filling ami em])tving Sprav Lake Reser- voir ' ■ 90 Plate XV Diagrani shewing discharge in acre-feet of Bow River at Horseshoe Falls from May, 1909, to February, 1913, also the effect of Spray Lake Storage over low water periods 134 Plate XVI Diagram shewing discharge in acre-feet of Bow River at Horseshoe P'alls from May, 1909, to February, 1913, also the effect of Bow Lake Storage over the low-water periods 140 Plate X\ll Diagram of discharge in acre-feet of Bow River at Horeshoe Falls from January, 1909, to February, 1913, showing conditions under a con- tinuous flow of 1,500 sec-feet 140 Plate XVIII Diagram shewing discharge in acre-feet of Elbow River Storage from April, 1910, to December, 1912^ also the process of filling basin and providing for a constant discharge of 200 sec-feet 140 25 E— 2 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 No. DIAGRAMS— Continued. To P'ace Page. Plate XIX Diagram shewing discharge in acre-feet of Bow River from January, 1910, to December, 1912, below Calgary also the record of filling storage basins and water wasted under a continuous flow of 1,850 cubic-feet per second . . , 140 Plate XX Power-percentage of Time Curve of the Bow River at Horseshoe falls and Kananaskis falls for period May, 1909, to April, 1912 140 Plate XXI Power-percentage of Time Curve of the Bow River at Bow Fort Power Site for period May, 1909, to April, 1912 140 Plate XXII Power-percentage of Time Curve of the Bow River at Mission Power Site for period May, 1909, to April, 1912 146 Plate XXIII Power-percentage of Time Curve of the Bow River at Ghost Power Site for period May, 1909, to April, 1912 146 Plate XXIV Power-percentage of Time Curve of the Bow River at Radnor Power Site for period May, 1909, to April, 1912 146 No. TABLES. Page 1. Metering Stations .3 2. Storage Basins 3 3. Power Sites 4 4. Power Output of Bow River 4 5. Summary of Effect of Storage in Bow River Basin 5 6. Storage Developments 6 7. Power Developments 6 8. Plants on the Deerfield River, Mass., U.S. A 8 9. Discharging Capacity of Kananaskis Dam 41 10. Rates as charged by City of Calgary for Power 43 11. Lake Minnewanka Storage, Record of Flow and Storage with 1.50 sec-feet draw off Capacity 44,700 acre-feet 77 12. Lake Minnewanka Storage, Record of Flow and Storage with 1.50 sec. -feet draw off Capacit}' 58,900 acre-feet 82 13. Lake Minnewanka Storage, Record of Flow and Storage with 200 sec-feet draw off Capacity 58,900 acre-feet 83 14. Kananaskis Storage with 140 sec -feet flow 120 15. Kananaskis Storage with 130 sec-feet flow 120 16. Results of Auxiliary Kananaskis Storage (140 sec-feet) 121 17. Results of Auxiliary Kananaskis Storage (130 sec-feet) 121 18. Capacities of Storage Basins 134 19. Cost of Storage Basins 134 20. Cost of Storage Basins in U.S.A 135 21. Results of Storage 1909-1910 137 22. Results of Storage 1910-1911 138 23. Results of Storage 1911-1912 139 24. Auxiliarj' Storage at Power Sites 143 MAPS AND PLANS. MAPS. Contour Map of Bow River Basin above Calgary In pocket Key Map of Bow River basin above Calgary " Geological and Topographical m;vp of the Moose Mountain Region of the "Disturbed Belt, " Southern Alberta, by D. D. Cairnes " Route Map between Calgary and Banff " Structure section across the Rocky Mountains near the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, between Cascade Trough and the Columbian Valley " PL.\^■^^. Plan No. 1. Kananaskis Falls Topographic Sheet " " 1 A General Plan and Development, Kananaskis Falls .' : " 2 Horseshoe Falls Topographic Sheet " BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE xix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e MAPS AND PLANS— Continued. PLANS — Continued. Plan No. 2A. Details Calgarj- Power Compam-'s Plant, Horseshoe Falls In pocket 2B. Details Calgary Power Company's Plant, Horseshoe Falls 3. Upper Bow Fort Topographic Sheet " 4. Bow Fort Site Topographic Sheet " 4A. Plan of Proposed Development at Bow Fort Site 5. Topographic Sheet No. 5 " 6. " " " 6 7. " " " 7 8. Morlej- Bridge Topographic Sheet " 9. Mission Site Topographic Sheet " 9A. Plan of Proposed Development Mission Site 10. Topographic Sheet No. 10 11. Topographic Sheet " 11 12. Ghost Site Topographic Sheet 12A.Plan of Proposed Development Ghost Site " 13. Radnor Site Topographic Sheet '' 13A.P]an of Proposed Development at Radnor Sife 14. Topographic Sheet No. 14 " 15. Ghost River Topographic Sheet " 16. Bow Lake Topographic Sheet " 17. Plan and Details of Minnewanka Dam 18. Cascade River Power Site Topographic Sheet " ISA.Outlet Minnewanka Storage Topographic Sheet " 19. Spray Lake Basin Topographic Sheet D " 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Elbow River Development Topographic Shec^t. 25e— 2* 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 CHAPTER I. SU:^LMARY OF INVESTICxATIONS AND SURVEYS. INTRODUCTION. The Bow river is a typical mountain river. West of Calgary, it drains an area of 3,138 square miles, of which that part above the Kananaskis falls, 1,710 square miles in extent, may be considered to lie wholly in the Rocky mountains. It has a very steep slope, and in several places falls occur. The head-waters of the river lie at an elevation of about 6,500 feet above sea-level. The flow of the river is typical of all mountain streams, subject to sudden variation and greatly influenced by conditions of temperature. During the winter months the flow is much reduced, but in the hot summer months of June and July the floods occur and the variation between high and low water is very great. While no direct gaugings are available of flood discharges, it has been computed from levels taken by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company at Bow bridge and Kananaskis bridge, that, at Kananaskis falls, just below the mouth of Kananaskis river, a flood of 45,000 c.f.s. has occurred. A low-water discharge of 550 c.f.s. has been recorded at the same point. What may be termed the power-producing section of the river is a stretch about 30 miles long, well within feasible transmission distance of the logical power market, Calgary. The growth of that city is phenomenal, and as it is the distribution centre for a large district, many small manufactories have located there; others no doubt would follow the advent of cheap power. The city has control of its public utilities, that is street railway, waterworks, electric light, etc., so that it is itself in the market for power in rapidly increasing amounts. In addition to the city, there are other possible customers, — the Canadian Pacific -Railway Company have recently erected large car shops near the city; there are also two cement plants, and some plants handling clay products. Departmental Policy. The constant growing demand for cheap power for municipal and manufac- turing purposes has made the question of water-power development in Western Canada one of vital importance. Fortunately a well-considered and cautious policy of water-power administration has been determined upon, and regulations put into force which afford every reasonable protection to the pu})lic in the way of rentals, periodic revisions, control of rates, limited grants, etc., and at the same time foster legitimate private initiative and afford reasonable financial rewards for private skill and efficiency. The Water-power Regulations are set out in full in Appendix V. So far as the administration of the regulations is concerned, it is the policy of the department to afford every possible assistance to the develop- ment of water-powers which have any reasonable assurance of economic utilization. In fact, the practice of the department is to carry on sufficient investigations by way of field surveys, etc., as will make it possible for the department to prove the economic features of power possibilities that might be expected to be possible of commercial development within a reasonable time. Such investigations have been carried on throughout the West, but more par- ticularly on those rivers where there are several power sites all within range of immediate use. 2 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 It is considered that such investigations should precede the authorization of all important power or storage projects and, furthermore, that proper Gov- ernment supervision and control of the construction and maintenance of all developments is the only safe method of intelligently initiating construction and maintaining an adequate system of river improvement for power purposes. Such investigation, supervision and control by departmental engineers of recognized competence and character not only secures the scientific treatment of power rivers as a whole, but the safe and economic execution of the various com- ponent parts of a comprehensive system of improvement. Necessity for Investigation. The Bow river was the first of the Rocky Mountain streams to be investi- gated by the Department of the Interior as to its power-producing and storage possibilities. The department was called upon to deal with certain applications for power rights on the Bow and on the Elbow rivers; before these could be dealt with in a satisfactory way, it was necessary to have definite and independent information of the situation; this was especially necessary on account of there being overlapping or conflict between several of the applications, as on the Elbow river and on the Bow river at Kananaskis falls. The growing demand for cheap power, due to the rapid development of the district of which Calgary is the centre, also necessitated steps being taken toward gathering general information on the subject. It has been shown above that the fluctuation in the flow of the river is great; in order, therefore, that the river might be improved from a power- producing standpoint, some method of regulation and control was necessary. Under natural conditions, the amount of power produced by the river during the six months' period of low flow, would be but a small part of that amount capable of being produced during the remainder of the year, and it was with a view to gathering information in regard to these questions that the investigations embodied in this report were instituted. Organization and Scope of Investigation. In April, 1911, the work in the district was organized. The field work was carried on under my immediate direction as Chief Engineer, with the general advice and assistance of Mr. C. H. Mitchell, C.E., M. Inst. C.E.; M. Can. Soc. C.E.; of the Consulting Engineering firm of C.H. & P.H. Mitchell, Toronto, and one of the Board of Consulting Engineers to the Dominion Government, in connection with water-power matters in Western Canada. The work to be undertaken was comprehensive in its scope, calling for an investigation into the power and storage possibilities on the Elbow river, and the Bow river west of Calgary and including all its tributaries. Consequently a reconnaissance of the whole basin was made with surveys of all possible sites and storage basins. In addition, the inspection and approval of plants existing or building in the district was included in the work. Owing to the lack of run-off data at critical points in the river and its tributaries, additional gauging stations were estab- lished; this was done by the Irrigation Branch, at the instance and expense of the Water Power Branch. Prior to the work of the Water Power Branch, most of the work of stream gauging had been carried on only during the open- water season, and little data was available as to the flow during the winter months. The former stations, and those established at this time for these investigations were: — BOW RITER POWER AND STORAGE 3 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Metering Stations — Table No. I. Stations in existence prior to 1911 — Stations newly established. 1. Elbow river at Calgary. 1. Pipestone creek. 2. Bow river at Calgary. 2. Cascade creek at Bankhead. 3. Jumping Pound. 3. Kananaskis river. 4. Bow river at Morley. 4. Ghost river. 5. Devil's creek at Minnewanka. 6. Spray river at Banff. 7. Bow river at Banff. 8. Bow river at Laggan. The work instituted in 1911 was continued during 1912, and completed in tliat 3^ear. The following is a resume of the work accomplished in the two seasons: — Reconnaissance. The reconnaissance of the following was made by Mr. C. H. Mitchell and the writer: Elbow river, Kananaskis river and Kananaskis lakes, Spray river and tributaries and the Spray lakes, Bow lake, Hector lake, Pipestone creek, Johnston creek. Redearth creek, Brewster creek, Baker creek, Forty mile creek, and Ghost river were visited by the writer alone. A reconnaissance, pre- liminary to the survey on the power-producing portion of the Bow river was also made. The different creeks and lakes examined in these trips were either elimin- ated as being unsuitable for power or storage purposes, or accepted as feasible and some general scheme for development settled on. In the latter case, a field party was then put on the ground to carry out the investigations in greater or less details. Surveys. Surveys were made of the following : Elbow river, between the east boundary of section 14, township 22, range 6, west of the oth meridian and the north boundary of section 29, township 21, range 6, west of the 5th meridian, particular attention being given to the topography in those portions in section 4. 16, 15, and part of 14, township 22, range 6. During the seasons of 1911-12, a topo- graphical surve}' was made of about 30 miles of the Bow river from the Canadian Pacific Railway bridge above Kananaskis falls down, particular attention being given to the several power sites. Also topographical surveys were made of Bow lake, lake Minnewanka and the basin of the Spray lakes, with a view to the creation of storage. Results of Surveys. The results of these surveys are summarized in the following tables 2 and 3: — Storage Basins — Table No. 2. Bas Capacity. Bow lake. Spray lake 171,000 Lake Minnewanka 44, 700 " auxiliary 14, 200 Total above Calgai^y on Bow river [ 243, 100 " " with auxiliary • | 257,300 Elbow river 23,000 Total above Calgar>-, including auxiliary at Minnewanka 280, 300 27,400 acre-feet. (created). DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Power Sites — Table No. 3. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Site. Pondage above Dam, in acres. Head in feet. Bow river — 1. Kananaskis falls 2. Horseshoe falls 3. Bow Fort 122-25 98-47 205-19 353 09 786-10 241-50 70 (building). 70 (operating). 66 47 5. Ghost 50 6. Radnor 44 Cascade river — At Minnewanka Dam . ., . 64 Elbow river — Canyon development 215 Results of Storage Investigation. The effect of storage on the river can best be noted at two points, one of which may be taken as at the Calgary Power Company's plant, at the Horseshoe falls, and the other below the mouth of the Elbow river. At the former site, the effect of all the storage on the Bow above Calgary is noted; and at the second, the effect of the storage on the Bow and Elbow combined. The mean flow for the low-water months, as recorded at Horseshoe falls, has been found to be as low as 745 c.f.s.; by means of the storage that has been, and may still be created, it is anticipated that this can be raised to at least 1,500 second-feet. Below the mouth of the Ghost, this would be increased to 1,600 c.f.s. At Cal- gary, below the mouth of the Elbow, the storage on that stream becomes effective, and it is expected that a flow approaching 2,000 c.f.s. may be obtained. The effect of storage upon the power output of the river over that due to the natural flow, may be seen by a glance at the follo^ving tables, Nos. 4 and 5: — ■ Power Output of Bow River — Table No. 4. Power site. Natural Flow continuous Wheel H.-P. Regulated Flow continuous Wheel H.-P. 1. Kananaskis falls 2. Horseshoe falls 3. Bow Fort 4. Mission 5. Ghost 6. Radnor Total 3,820 3,820 3,600 2,565 3,780 2,800 19,785 9,. 545 9,545 9.000 6,410 7,275 6,400 48,175 Giving an increased continuous output of 28,390 wheel horse-power. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e cu O > H Q Z Q •z Q o w > Q ;z o rr O ^ W tf iJ H m ■> ■' !- o o co' at s o oo" 1 o o o oo" o UO "5 co' fl CO CO CO t^ ! CO i IC 8 to 8 CO lo' => ! o CO 1 CO "5 CO o o' «o t^ ■* o "5 ^ ■* o o CO 00 co" •o IM 00 co' s co' 1 c eq CO 'So m O O o a a CO DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Cascade River. — Minnewanka dam. 1,165 wheel horse-power. Elbow River. — Canyon site 3,900 Summary. In table No. 5, a summary is shown of the effects of storage upon the developed and undeveloped water-powers within the power-producing portions of the Bow river:* (NcvTE — This table is compiled from diagi-ams on plates Nos. 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24, and shows the effect of storage upon the river for different assumptions. On plate No. 7 is a profile of the power sec- tion of the river. It shows the relation of the head and tail-waters of the different plants to one another.) Estimates of Cost. Estimates of cost have been prepared that provide for the complete develop- ment of the three storage basins, including one already built — four additional power plants and new duplicate transmission lines sufficient to carry the total output from the four plants, together with adequate receiving equipment at Calgar^^ While these estimates are preliminary only, and are for the purposes of obtaining a comparison of costs and of arriving at the commercial possibilities of the project as a whole, they have been conservatively computed and it is thought they are ample to cover all contingencies based upon present day labour and market conditions. These are summarized in tables Nos. 6 and 7. Storage Development.- — ^Table No. 6. Site. Capacity Acre-feet. Estimated Cost. Cost per Acre-foot. Bow lake Spray lake Minnewanka " (with auxiliary) Elbow river 27,400 171,000 44,700 58,900 23,000 105,000 514,000 145,000 145,000 200,000 S cts. 3-83 2-98 3-24 2-46 8-70 Power Developments. — Table No. 7. Estimated 1 1 Estimated cost i of power per k.w.hr. delivered in Head Continuous cost Calgary on Site. in output wheel of plant. 50 per cent load feet. horse-power. including cost of storage. factor basis, including storage, 1 transmission lines, etc. $ Cts. Bow fort 66 9,000 924,970 0-49 Mission 47 50 6,410 7,275 851,100 892,500 0-60 Ghost '. 0-57 Radnor 44 6,400 807,460 0-59 Note — With reference to the foropoing it may be of interest to note that in April, 1913, a compre- hensive report was made for the City of Calvary, wherein it was shown that electric power generated by a steam coal-fired plant and sold on a basis of a 50% load factor, would cost, delivered at generator terminals without transformation or transmission, from 0-85 cent down to 0-74 cent per k.w. hour as the size of the plant increased from 5,000 k.w. to 45,000 k.w. capacity. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 7 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e SIMILAR INVESTIGATIONS. Precedents are not wanting for work of the description carried out by the Water Power Branch, either in Canada or in foreign countries. The most extensive work of this kind in Canada has been carried on by the Hydro-Electric Commission of Ontario. In the United States similar work has been done by several of the states in conjunction with the United States Geological Survej^; among those that should be mentioned, in which work along the lines of water- power investigation have been carried on are: The states of New York, Maine, Minnesota and Washington. Ontario. In Ontario, the Hydro-Electric Commission has investigated a large num- ber of possible water-powers in various parts of the province, and reported upon them. For a number of these, estimates of the cost of development were made in some detail, and are to be found in the reports issued by them at various times. There is a difference, however, between the object of the investigation made by the commission and the investigations here presented; the former were carried on with the object of ascertaining what could be done in the way of power production by the commission, whereas the investigations carried on by the Water Power Branch have been with the object of supplying informa- tion to the public on the subject, and procuring information upon which the best administration of the water-powers could be based. New York State. The work of the New York State Conservation Commission, which super- sedes that formerly carried on by the Water Supply Commission, is rather wider in its scope than that of the Water Power Branch. The work carried on by the Water Supply Commission is now under the Division of Inland Waters of the New York State Conservation Commission; this work is outlined in their reports as follows:— 1. Water storage and conservation for power purposes. 2. Hydraulic development. 3. River improvement. 4. Drainage. 5. Water supply and sewerage. 6. Inspection and supervision of hydraulic structures. It will be seen from the above that the work is very similar in many ways to that of the Water Power Branch in Canada. With regard to the different sites investigated by them, preliminary plans and estimates have been pre- pared as has been done in this report. State of Maine. The state of Maine Water Storage Commission was established in 1909 under the laws of the state, and consolidated with the state Survey Commission in 1911. An extract from section 5 of the Act reads as follows: — "The commission shall also report on the present development of the water-powers in the state, with reference to the general plan proposed, so that the legislature may have before it a comprehensive sunmiary of the possibilities that lie in the development of the water-powers in the state as a natural resource, and the necessary steps that should be taken bv the state to further increase and conserve them." 8 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 According to the second annual report, 1912, considerable progress has been made. This report contains the results of investigations on several rivers of the state, and the conclusions reached; also the records of stream flow and precipitation. The question of power rates is dealt with, a list being published of the principal power producers of the state, together with the output of the different plants, the rates charged, etc.; a valuable article on the cost of power by Mr. Seth A. Moulton, is also included. In connection with the records of stream flow and precipitation it might be noted that, in all the states where investigations of water storage and power are being carried on, an arrangement is entered into between the state and the U.S. Geological Survey whereby stream gaugings, etc., are made under the direc- tion of the latter, advantage being taken of the experience and highly efficient organization of that Ijranch of the pubUc service. State of Washington. The work being carried on by the state of Washington in conjunction with the United States Geological Survey, is under the direction of the state Geo- logical Board. It is similar to that being done by the Water Power Branch, and the results of the investigations to date are set forth in two papers, part I and part II, entitled "Water Powers of the Cascade Range". The field work carried on has been stream gauging in conjunction with the United States Geo- logical Survey, and the surveys of the rivers and lakes to determine the possi- bihties of storage and power; these surveys have been more in the nature of a reconnaissance than in detail, the purpose being, to quote from the report, "to show the power resources of the basins described, and to indicate in a general way the relative value of the individual power privileges." Other Examples. In this connection it might also be mentioned that there are certain rivers that have been developed by private interests. One notable example of this is in Massachusetts, on the Deerfield river (see Engineering Record, February 1-8-15, 1913). This project is mentioned on account of its close resemblance in many respects to the Bow river project as to head, discharge, and storage development; the plants operating under the lower heads, namely, at Scott's bridge, Shelbourne falls, Bardwell's bridge, upper and lower plants, are prac- tically the same as those on the Bow, built and projected as described in this report, and the flow of the stream is of nearly the same volume, so that the power output of the plants is approximately the same as for those proposed on the Bow river. To compare the two projects, a partial list is here given of the plants on the Deerfield river taken from the Engineering Record, February 1, 1913. See Table No. 8. Plants on the Deerfield River, Mass., U.S.A. — Table Xo. 8. riant. Average net head. Normal water sec. -ft. Installed caparitv K.W. Poundage 4-7 flash board Ac .-ft. Scott's Bridge, Plant 4 Shelbourne's Falls, Plant 3 Bardwell's Bridge, Upper Plant 2. Bardwell's Bridge, Lower Plant.. Stillwater Bridge 64 64 58 40 40 1,350 1,350 1,480 1,500 1,500 6,000 6,000 6,000 4,000 4,000 Total. 26.000 400 160 400 Note. — There are other plants in this system but they are omitted, being of higher heads. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e The storage in this project is developed at two points, one basin having a capacity of 2,500 million cubic feet and the other 4,500 million cubic feet, or a total of approximately 161,000 acre-feet, 10,000 acre-feet less than the capacity of the Spray lake basin herein proposed. Recommendations. In a letter published as an appendix to this report, Mr. C. H. Mitchell, C.E., consulting engineer on these investigations, has made certain recommendations in regard to the further carrying out of the work instituted; also as to the operation and control of the works proposed; a summary of these recommenda- tions are here given: — 1. That the investigations on the Bow river l)asin be continued for the purpose of making the data more complete and useful in the subse- quent operation of the project. 2. That the Government undertake the further construction of storage reservoirs and regulating works and provide for the repayment of their cost by means of annual rentals charged to users of Avater. 3. That a scheme for operating these storage reservoirs and for regulating and controlling the discharge of the river be adopted and put into practical working effect by the Government, and that the annual cost of same be charged to the users in the same manner as the original cost. 4. That as soon as this project is put into working effect, or sooner, the existing storage works at lake Minnewanka should be acquired and their regulation and operation be taken over by the Government accord- ing to the terms of the existing agreement with the power company. Acknowledgments. Acknowledgment is here made for information placetl at the disposal of the branch and- embodied in the report. To ]\Ir. F. H. Peters, Commissioner of Irrigation, also to Mr. P. ]M. Sauder, Chief Hydrographer of the Irrigation Branch, Department of the Interior, for stream flow and other data for the district. To the Calgary Power Company and its officials for hearty co-operation and for information relative to the discharge of the Bow river, jjlans, cost data, etc. To the city of Calgary for infornuition bearing upon the power market. Acknowledgment is also made for meteorological records and data made use of in this report and placed at the disposal of the Water Power Branch by the Meteorological Service, Department of Marine and Fisheries. In compiling the report, the works of many authorities have been con- sulted; these are acknowledged and references given where quoted. 1C DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE \/.. A. 1915 CHAPTER II. BOW RIVER. General. The portion of the Bow river dealt with in this report may be generally described as that part lying west of Calgary, and including Elbow river which forms a tributary of the Bow and joins the latter stream within the city limits of Calgary. The Bow river has its head-waters on the main continental divide and flows in a general south-easterly direction, roughly paralleling the summit of the mountain ranges for the first hundred miles of its course. On account of this, the main stream and many of its tributaries have their sources at high altitudes and are, to a very great extent, glacier fed. (See reproduction pages 1 and 12.) Fall. From the head-waters to Kananaskis falls, at the confluence of the Kanan- askis and Bow rivers, a distance of about 90 miles, the fall is about 2750 feet. From Kananaskis falls to Calgary, at the junction wdth the Elbow river, a distance of about 55 miles, the drop is 720 feet. Drainage Area. The drainage area of the Bow river above Calgary is 3,138 square miles, exclusive of the area drained by the Elbow river. Of this area, 1,710 square miles lie above Kananaskis falls and may be considered as lying entirely within the mountains. The remaining 1,428 square miles are in the foot-hills, and this section extends as far east as Calgary. Discharge. The discharge of the Bow river varies greatly from season to season. The flow during the high-water period, which occurs during the summer months, being many times that of the low-water period, the latter occurring during the winter months. The great variation is the main drawback to economical power development on the river. Records of the discharge of the river at various points have been kept more or less continuously since 1909. From these a diagram has been drawn (see Plate No. I.), which shows the discharge of the river as recorded at Banff, Horseshoe falls and Calgary. Topographical Features. From Bow lake, the source of the river, down to Laggan, the riv^" flows for the most part through a wade valley. In this section the banks of the „i,ream are low, and the flats themselves are in many places very swampy, so much so that, in any but very dry seasons, it is necessary' to keep to the high ground along the shoulder of the mountains when traversing the valley. Below Laggan, as far as Kananaskis falls, the valley traversed is wide, flat, and covered with gravel; the stream is tortuous in its course, the banks being low and dry. In two or three places in the main valley above Banff, small lakes occur, probably formed by the damming off of part of the old river course by BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e material carried down from the surrounding mountains. Below Banff, near Exshaw, the river widens out and covers the greater part of the valley. At Kananaskis falls an abrupt change in the topography of the country takes place; this, it may be said, is due to the fact that the river leaves the mountains proper here, and flows out into the foot-hills. These conditions may be said to continue as far as Calgary. Divisions of the River. For purposes of description, the part of the river lying above Calgary will be divided into two parts, exclusive of the Elbow river, which will be dealt with separately. The upper part of the river lying above Kananaskis falls will be referred to as the storage section of the river, while that part lying below Kanan- askis falls and as far down as the city of Calgary will be referred to as the power- producing section. Power Section of the River. From Kananaskis falls nearly to Calgary, the river flows through a wide valley for long stretches; the river proper is confined, however, to its channel by steep banks that at difi^erent points are rocky cliffs of considerable height, running as high as from 100 to 150 feet. Generally these cut banks have long sloping banks opposite to them, but in places the river channel is canyon-like for short stretches, lending itself to power development and hence the desig- nation. This topography is generally typical of the river, from Kananaskis falls to Calgary. Storage Section of the River. The storage section of the river, a stretch of approximatelj^ 90 miles in length, lies to the west of Kananaskis falls, and entirely in the mountains. The Bow river rises at an altitude of 6,860 feet above mean sea-level; Bow lake, which is practically its source, lies at an altitude of 6,420 feet, and offers the first and highest site for storage in the Bow basin. About 12 miles below Bow lake. Hector lake, which is at an elevation of 5,700 feet, empties into the Bovv-. (See reproduction page 14.), From Hector lake to a point near Laggan, a distance of 15 miles, the river falls about 650 feet, or about 43 feet per mile. About 2 miles above Laggan, it is joined by Bath creek from the west, and just below Laggan, by the Pipestone creek from the north. Between the outlet of Hector lake and Bath creek, a number of small streams join the Bow, but on account of the smallness of their discharge during cold weather, they are not worthy of notice. Between Laggan and Banff, a distance of 35 miles, the river falls 540 feet, approximately 16 feet per mile. The river valley is very wide in this section, the banks of the river low and the stream swift-flowing; there are no distinct drops, what is practically a continual swift exists between the two points. In this stretch the volume of the river is augmented on the south side by the waters of the Chalet creek, the outflow of Moraine lake, and the waters of Ver- milion, Redearth, and Brewster creeks; there are also many others, which are too small for notice as they have no discharge during the low water or winter season. On the north side there are several creeks of importance — Pipestone, Baker, Johnson, and Fortymile being the largest. All of these creeks are short, and rise at considerable elevations; those entering from the south side commence on the main divide, and have their source, for the most part, in the glaciers to be found along the summit of the mountain range. (See reproduction page 12.) The creeks entering from the north are longer, and their slopes are not so steep, although their sources are at considerable elevations, ranging from 12 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 19l5 7,500 to over 8,000 feet above mean sea-level. These streams are not fed by glaciers to the same extent as those entering from the south, but derive their flow mostly from the yearly fall of snow which is melted during the hot summer months: their discharge is therefore greatest during hot weather, and is greatly effected by the temperature conditions. Crow Foot Glacier. Photo bv M. C. Hendry. Bow Glacier. Photo bv M. ('. Hendry BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e From Banff to Kananaskis falls the nature of the topography is not materi- ally changed, except that the mountains are generally lower, the valley is wider and the river more meandering. Between these two points the fall is 380 feet in a distance of 30 miles, about 13 feet per mile, and some of this occurs as a direct fall at the Spray falls in Banff, at the beginning of the section. Three streams of importance add their waters to those of the Bow in this stretch of river:, the Spray, entering from the south at Banff, just below the Spray falls; the Cas- cade, which also forms the outlet of lake Minnewanka, enters from the north, about ■1 miles below the mouth of the Spray; the Kananaskis, joining the main stream from the south, just above the falls of the same name. The important streams contributing their waters to the Bow river will be dealt with in greater detail in another part of the report, merely their location relative to the main river being given here. Lakes of the Storage Sectiok, Nearly all the streams flowing into the Bow river have, at or near their source, a lake of greater or less size. Those belonging to the first class are Bov; and Hector lakes, already mentioned; lake Minnewanka, Spray lakes and Kan- anaskis lakes, the last two forming part of the water system of the same name. Amongst the other lakes belonging to this basin that might be mentioned is lake Louise, its outlet is Chalet creek; this lake is fam.ed for its beauty the world over. Then there are Ptarmigan and Baker lakes at the head-waters of Baker creek, also Redoubt lake on the same stream; Moraine lake, another lake of great beauty in the valley of the Ten Peaks, which empties into the Bow by way of a stream of the same name; Boom lake, at the head of Vermilion creek, and Shadow lake forming one of the sources of Redearth creek. These lakes may be termed storage basins, and have the effect of regulating, to a con- siderable extent, the streams to which they belong. Stkeam Beds of Storage Section. The mountain streams in this district all have the same characteristic bed. In very few instances does the river flow over bare rock, and then only for very short lengths of the stream; generally speaking, this condition is to be met with upon the tributaries and only in places where the stream passes through a can- yon. With these exceptions the river and stream bottoms may be described as being composed of gravel and detritus, which overlies the rocky bed of the streams to a depth of many feet. In some places the bed of the river is in the nature of a large gravel flat w'here, during the low water period, the river will generall}' follow a number of small channels; these channels are continually changing; during the high-water period the entire flat may be covered. The material forming the river bed is transported from point to point during the high-water periods, and deposited in pockets behind the rocky ridges extending across its path, as bars and shoals. The greater part of the main river channel has been formed in this way and also the channels of the tribu- taries. In many places the whole valley has become filled for a width of several hundred yards, and on the Bow river these are, in places, of very considerable area. (See reproduction page 14.) Underflow. The nature of the river beds, formed as they are by gravel and detritus overlying bedrock is very favourable to underflow. There is no doubt that in these mountain streams, the underflow forms a verv considerable portion of the 25e— 3 14 BEPARTME'ST OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 natural discharge of the river, but the relation which it bears to the surface flow must necessarily vary, and will depend to a large extent upon the slope of the stream and the depth to which the bedrock is covered by the porous material forming the stream bed. Bow Rivor below Hector Lake. Photo by \r. C. Hendry. Ghost River Flats. Photo by M < liondry. BOW RIVER POWER AyD STORAGE 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e During the high-water period the underflow is relatively small, but during the low-water period,, which corresponds to the winter season, the underflow may be expected to form a very large proportion of the discharge, and in the smaller streams there is no doubt that at times it forms the total flow. This underflow has a very considerable effect upon the results of gaugings made in the streams, causing results to be obtained which do not truly represent con- ditions. 25 E— 3* 16 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 CHAPTER III. ICE. One of the problems which confronts the engineer in the design of a water- power development in Canada is the method to be adopted for eliminating or minimizing the effect of ice upon plant operation and power production. The effect of the ice upon the present plants in operation upon the Bow river is not a direct one; so far no great trouble has been experienced in operating the plant due to ice blocking the water entrances, nevertheless the presence of ice in the river has a marked effect upon the power production, and it cannot be overlooked in the study of any future development. Before looking into the effect of ice upon the operation of a plant, it will be well to examine the formation of the ice itself, and by this means aim at a possible method of dealing with the question. There are three kinds of ice which, owing to their effect upon the operation of water-power plants, are of interest to the engineer; these are, — board or sheet ice, frazil ice and anchor ice. Sheet Ice. Sheet ice is that kind of ice which is formed upon the surface of lakes, smooth-flowing rivers, ponds, etc. The process of formation is an interesting one, and begins with the arrival of cold weather. As the season advances, the water on the surface gives up its heat by surface radiation, convection currents are set up, the cold surface water falls and the warmer water below rises; this in turn gives up its heat; by a continuation of this process, the temperature of the whole body of water is gradually lowered until it reaches 39° F.; at that temperature convection ceases, and the water on the surface is cooled down until freezing point, 32° F., is reached. The first indication of the formation of ice is the presence of long needle-shaped crystals on the surface, these rapidly increase in number and size until finally the whole surface is covered; this surface layer becomes more compact, and the ice increases in thickness, as the underlying water gives up its heat by conduction through the ice; the rate of growth diminishes, however, as the thickness of the sheet increases. When the ice sheet is once formed, radiation to a very great extent ceases; this is due to the fact that the ice is seldom clear, and is generally snow covered and the heat rays are unable to penetrate under such conditions; if the ice was clear and solid, the heat rays could then penetrate, and the loss of heat from the water below would go on at a much more rapid rate, and consequently the growth of ice would be more rapid. The presence of any sheet ice in a river immediately above a power plant has a beneficial effect upon its operation rather than the reverse; the reason for this ■will be understood after the subject of frazil and anchor ice has been dealt Frazil Ice. Frazil ice, known also as ''slush ice," is perhaps the ice formation which has the most serious effects upon water-power operations. It is always formed in the open channels where the current is too swift or turbulent to allow the formation of sheet ice, and its formation is dependent upon disturbance or BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e agitation, consequently swift turbulent streams are very prolific in its pro- duction; it occurs in needles, the fineness of which are due to the amount of agitation; in such places as rapids, and at the foot of falls, these needles are very fine, but they increase in size and thickness where the flow is less rapid and disturbed. Frazil ice is always surface formed, but the ice crystals rapidly become distributed throughout the whole body of water; this gives rise to the saying that the water is "thick." This condition occurs only during a period of extreme cold, combined with great surface agitation, due to rapids in the river, or wind; the direction of the wind relative to the flow of the river has a varying effect on production of frazil, a wind blo-v\ing upstream produces more frazil than one blowing downstream, on account of increased surface agitation. The conditions that make for the greatest production of frazil ice are a dull stormy day, with wind upstream; a great amount of frazil may be pro- duced upon a clear cold night with wind, but on a clear cold day with wind there is not so great a quantity formed, due to the absorption of heat from the sun's rays at the water surface. Professor H. T. Barnes, in his book on "Ice Formation" says that: (0 "A stretch of open water makes a very much greater quantity of ice in the form of frazil crystals than could be produced as a surface sheet, if the water were sufficiently quiet to allow such to grow." It is this production of frazil which gives rise to so much trouble, the stream becoming blocked wdth, the mass. Where an ice sheet exists, conditions are often aggravated, the frazil blocking the waterway underneath, at times causing complete stoppage of flow. Anchor Ice. Anchor ice, ''ground ice," the German name "Grundeis" and the French- Canadian term "moutonne' ' are among the many names given to this particular form of ice. As this list of names would indicate, it has attracted very wide- spread attention, and a number of scientists have published papers in which its formation has been discussed. The name "anchor ice" perhaps best describes it, and is the one by which it is most widely known in this country. The peculiar feature which gives it this name is the fact that it is formed upon the bottom of the rivers or streams. Many theories as to the reason of the formation of ice upon the bottom have been advanced. That as set forth in a paper by Rev. Dr. Farquharson, which he published in 1835 and 1841, and quoted by Dr. Barnes in his work^ is generally accepted as the correct one. He attributes the formation of anchor ice to the radiation of heat from the surface of the stream's bed. It is remarked that this cooling by radiation, and consequent formation of anchor ice, occurs only in streams whose beds are composed of gravel, stones and boulders, but not in clay or mud-bottomed streams; also that the formation of the ice is greatest on the rocks and stones of dark colour. The formation of anchor ice is most rapid during a clear, cold night (condi- tions which are favourable to rapid radiation). On a clear, cold day, the sun's rays affect the formation; in fact, it is universally noted that on the appearance of the sun in the morning, the ice becomes loosened from the botton and rises to the surface; its appearance when floating has given rise to the French- Canadian term, "moutonne," on account of its resemblance to the backs of white sheep. It has been noted in connection with anchor ice, that its formation does not occur under cover; a bridge spanning a stream retards radiation and prevents its formation, and it is seldom found where the stream is covered with an ice sheet. (1) Page 105, "Ice Formation," by Prof. H. T. Barnes. (2) Page 108, "Ice Formation," by Prof. H. T. Barnes. 18 DEPARTS EXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 The names frazil and anchor ice are often confused and are frequently lised as being interchangeable; the term "anchor ice" being used to designate ice found attached to the bottom, regardless of the method of formation. Prof essor Barnes says that :i "In a shallow, smooth-flowing river, we are more likely to have anchor ice formed in excess, whereas in a deep and turbulent stream we are likely to have more frazil. It is hardly likely, however, that there will be a great difference in the amount of frazil formed in either case; it will probably be that more or less anchor ice wall appear in proportion." The Montreal Flood Commission in their report deal exhaustively with the question of ice formation. The following is an extract from that report: — "The terms 'anchor ice' and 'frazil ice' are indifferently applied to the same material, but the first evidently is most applicable to this ice when found in the bottom of the river. In one respect the two are identical, that is, both are exclusively the production of open water. There is no formation of either when or where the surface is covered with ice, and whereas large formations of both take place in the beginning of winter over the vast surface below Lachine rapids, the further formation of this ice ceases as soon, and whenever the ice-bridge is formed. Frazil, as distinguished from anchor ice, is formed over the whole unfrozen surface above and below Lachine rapids, between Prescott and the tide-water and wherever there is a surface current or vnnd agitation to prevent the formation of bordage ice, while anchor or anchored ice, except in the shallowest portions of the current, does not appear in the deeper water until zero weather sets in." In this report the formation of anchor ice is not ascribed to radiation from the river bottom, but rather to the cooling of its surface through the contact with the frazil-charged water. Proceeding with the description on anchor ice, the report says:- — "On the approach of mild weather, it becomes detached from the bottom, sometimes bringing up with it gravel and stones, and may be seen as a dark-coloured mass bursting up all over the surface with con- siderable force, and with a hissing sound, which rises a foot or more above the surface, but, falling back, shows only a few inches floating above it. Out of the portion above the surface, the water quickh' drains, and it becomes white as snow." This is the appearance giving rise to the term "nioutonne" mentioned before. In respect to the name "anchor ice" being applied to frazil ice, this is due, in the case of water-power developments, to the action of the frazil under certain conditions. Where the head-race of a development is open, allowdng the frazil direct access to the intake without having to pass under an ice sheet, it practically becomes anchor ice, because as it comes in contact with the racks and intake structure it adheres to them and rapidly cuts off the water; under these con- ditions there is no difference between anchor and frazil ice, once the latter has become attached to the structures. As a matter of fact, it is this action of the frazil which causes the trouble directly to plant operations, as it is generally formed in the greatest quantity. The action of the anchor ice proper is to cut off the flow of water in the stream bed; when the anchor ice is floating, the conditions are improving. Winter Conditions. One condition which requires attention in a study of this kind is the effect of ice upon the discharge of the river, for the formation of frazil and anchor ice in the bed of these rivers and streams has a very marked influence upon their (i) PagcF 110-111 "Ice Formation," by Prof. H. T. Barnes. BOW RIVER POWER A\D STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25a 19 20 DEPARTMEyT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Ice Conditions — Cascade Rivor. Photo by M. C. Hendry. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e discharge. Lying, as they do, at considerable elevations, the temperature obtaining during the winter months is low and, owing to the steep slope of the streams, their flow^ is turbulent, thus the necessary conditions are present for the formation of frazil ice. The conditions for the formation of anchor ice are also good, for in many places the stream is too swiit to allow an ice sheet to be formed; the water is clear and generally shallow, the nights are cloudless and cold; in consequence anchor ice is formed in great quantities. The formation of frazil and anchor ice in the mountain strejims causes their discharge to be very fluctuating, and accentuates the variation in flow during the low- water period. ^YINTER COXDITIOXS AS AfFECTIXG PlAXT OPERATION. The successful operation of a water plant in winter, on the rivers of Canada, depends in a large measure on the method of providing for or eliminating the ice troubles w^iich are always to be met with. In the foregoing, the conditions favourable to the formation of the several kinds of ice to be met with have been explained, also the relation of one kind of ice encountered, to another. Of the three principal kinds, sheet or board ice is the least detrimental to operation: in fact if board ice were the only kind to be dealt ^-ith, the trouble would be negligible. Where the channels are small, however, and where anchor and frazil have been formed above, great trouble may be experienced, due to the lodging of this frazil and loosened anchor ice, under the sheet, for frazil ice, in the presence of sheet ice, attaches itself to the under side of the latter, and where the channels are small, the whole flow of the stream may become blocked, overflow will then occur and a great proportion of the stream flow be lost. (Reproductions pages 19, 20. 24 and 2.3, illustrate these conditions.) One of the best methods, however, of avoiding frazil and anchor ice troubles, is by obtaining a pond of sufficient size and depth in the immediate vicinity and above the intake of the plant, which will readily freeze over; the ice sheet obtained will, to a great extent, eliminate any troubles with frazil or anchor ice. If the entrance to the power plant is a channel restricted in size, the ice sheet will be a hindrance, rather than a benefit, if there is open water above. In such a case it is much better to be without a sheet of ice, and instead make provision for handling the accumulation of frazil and anchor ice in the head works. There have been many attempts made to deal with this problem, but it generally degenerates into a brute force combat. In many plants provision is made for passing masses of frazil ice through the wheels by raising the racks in sections, currents are then induced to pass across the face of the racks, so that the floating ice, etc., may be carried off. The great trouble with frazil ice is due to its freezing on the racks and tlic wheels, finally stopping the supply of water. With regard to the racks, this has been usually due, in a large measure, to the fact that the upper ends of the bars composing them have been left protruding above the water for 2 or 3 feet exposed to the very cold air; in such a position these bars become ciiilled to the bottom, and even when only cooled to two or three one-thousandths of a degree below freezing point, it is sufficient to cause the frazil ice to adhere to the bars and commence the clogging process. This trouble may be eliminated to a great extent by making the upper part of the rack of wood, and keeping the metal bars entirely submerged, thus preventing the conduction of heat from bars to the atmosphere, and the consequent cooling below freezing point. Besides this method of submerging the metal of the racks, schemes have been brought forward for heating them, such as using hollow bars through Avhich steam may be driven. In many plants instead of this, the head works are housed and heated, not only to provide a good working room for the men fighting the 22 ])ErARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 ice, but also to prevent the subcooling of the racks. One of the most successful schemes has been that employed by one of the plants in Ottawa; there the tops of the bars are encased with sheeting, steam pipes being also enclosed; by this means ice troubles have been prevented to a great extent. The use of a live steam jet in the wheel case and guide vanes to prevent the freezing or clog- ing up of the wheel entrance has been quite successful in several plants. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e CHAPTER IV. METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA. RAINFALL. General. The importance of a study of precipitation in connection with the flow of streams cannot be emphasized too much; its influence on stream flow is a very direct one and, without study, the erroneous conclusion is reached that the relation between precipitation and run-off is a simple one. A little time spent in the study of the question soon reveals the fallacy of this assumption, for the relationship is anything but simple, being influenced by a great many physical features of a rather indeterminate nature. The collection of precipitation data all over the country has been carried on for a comparatively long term of years, whereas data regarding the run-off of streams are rather meagre; if, therefore, some general relation can be estab- lished between rainfall and run-off, the study of the streams from the stand- point of power production can be placed upon a more satisfactory basis. In the West, and particularly in that part of the eastern slope of the Rockies in which we are interested, run-off data have been collected for a very short term of years, and only during the last three has a continuous record of the discharge been kept; thus the importance of a general relationship between recorded precipitation and run-oft' is all the more apparent. The distribution of rainfall in any district or part of the country is not uniform. The records throughout Canada, generally, except in the eastern prov- inces, do not extend over a sufficiently long period, nor are the stations widely enough scattered to define areas in which certain amounts of rainfall may be expected. In the West, an examination of the available records seems to indi- cate a general conformation to conditions found to the south, in the United States; that is, that the lines of equal rainfall are generally north and south, or roughly parallel to the mountain ranges; there are of course divergences due to local influences. Relation of Peecipitation to Altitude. Generally speaking, precipitation decreases with the increase in altitude; it has been found in travelling westward away from the Atlantic that as the country rises, the rainfall decreases. This general rule, however, does not seem to apply to the particular case we are studying, namely, the precipitation in the valley of the Bow river; in fact, the direct opposite is apparently the case both here and in practically all the territory forming the eastern slope of the Rockies. An examination of the records will show that as the altitude increases on the east- ern slope, the precipitation increases; special local influences are at work here, however, the mountain ranges in which are situated the sources of the rivers, causing this reversal of the general rule. The warm, moisture-laden winds from the Pacific are first intercepted by the mountains of the Coast range and deflected upwards to mingle with cold air currents or to come in contact with land at a lower temperature; becoming chilled below the temperature of saturation, they deposit some of the moisture; 24 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 as snow or rain as they pass over the mountains, giving rise to the heavy pre- cipitation near the coast, the greatest recorded on the continent. They then pass over a stretch of low-lying land, depositing but little moisture until the Selkirk range is reached, where the process is repeated. When the Rocky mountains are reached the humidity of the air has become much reduced, but the low tem- peratures reached at the higher altitudes is sufficient to cause more precipitation; therefore, in the Bow River basin, with which we are dealing and which is on the eastern slope of the Rockies, it is at the higher altitudes that the greatest pre- cipitation occurs. The alternation of mountain ranges with stretches of country of low altitude is accepted as the cause of the arid and semi-arid regions to be found to the east of the continental divide. Value of Records. In making a study of rainfall in any district, it should be borne in mind that the average precipitation gives only a relative view of the question, as great variation from the average annual precipitation may occur at different points in the district. In this regard no general law can be made to apply; the number of conditions contributing are so great and variable that, for special purposes, a detailed study of the rainfall in the locality is necessary. When studying precipitation records extending over a given period, it is necessary to know what value may be attached to them. Sir Alexander Binnie has given this question careful consideration in a paper published in the pro- ceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, vol. 109, pages 89 to 172. He reached the conclusion that for records extending over a period of twenty-five years, the mean obtained would be within 2 per cent of the true mean. The conclusions reached by Mr. Rafter in a discussion of this paper were: that, for a period of five to ten years, the probable extreme difference from the mean would be 15 per cent, and of ten to fifteen years, 4.75 per cent. Other authorities have expressed the opinion that it is necessary to have records for a period as great as forty years in order that the mean may represent the true mean precipitation •within five per cent. Ice Conditions — Cascade River. Plioto by M. C. Hcndrv BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Accuracy of Records In Canada, the recording stations are all under the direction of the Meteoro- logical Service, and a standard method of obtaining the records is adopted. It is to be noted, however, that the placing of the recording instruments can have a very great influence upon the accuracy of the records. To arrive at the average precipitation upon a district, it is necessary that as many records as possible in the area to be considered should be available, as conclusions based upon records from a limited number of stations are liable to be considerably in error. An ideal condition under which to study rainfall data would be attained if the stations were uniformly distributed over the territory, or placed along each branch of the stream of which the relation between run-off and precipitation was to be established. Ice Conditions — Cascade River. Photo by M. C. Hendry. DisTRiBU'riox OF Precipitation. A stud}' of the periodical distribution of the rainfall is interesting. Gener- ally this distribution throughout the year, from year to year, is fairly constant in an}' district, l)ut is different in different districts; for instance, there is a similarity in the distribution in the different localities along the Pacific coast; the same may be said of the territory to the east of the Pockies, while that portion around the Great Lakes has its typical distribution. Two tables showing the fluctuation in the annual precipitation recorded at Banff and Calgary have been prepared, and appear at the end of the report. At Banff, the records arc available at intervals from 1890 to 1896, from which year they are continuous to date; during that period, the maximum precipitation occurred in 1902, 30.59 inches being recorded, and the minimum was 10.33 inches in 1903; the mean yearly precipitation for twenty years is 19.13 inches. At Calgary, the records are available from 1885 to date, during which interval the lowest recorded annual precipitation occurred in 1892, 7.91 Inches being the 26 DEPAKTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 amount; and in 1902, the maximum precipitation occurrred, 34.57 inches being recorded; the mean yearly precipitation over the period of twenty-seven years is 16.10 inches. Owing to the scattered location of the recording stations in the district — at Banff, Calgary, and Jumping Pound (from the latter, only partial records are available) — they do not truly represent the conditions obtaining in the basin. As has been mentioned before, the precipitation increases in this locality with the altitude; the altitude of the station at Calgary is approximately 3,400, that at Jumping Pound about 4,200, and at Banff 4,525 feet, and an examination of the records will show a greater precipitation at Banff and Jump- ing Pound than at Calgary, that recorded at Banff being the heaviest of the three. The sources of the Bow river and its tributaries are at much greater altitude than is the gauging station at Banff; in fact the greater part of the drainage area above Kananaskis falls lies above this altitude, so that the stations are by no means representative of the greater part of the drainage basin. Relation of Precipitation to Runoff. If the records of precipitation are compared with those of the run-off on the basin, it will be found that the recorded run-off exceeds the precipitation as recorded at Banff, by as much as 25 per cent. This condition is by no means uncommon for mountain districts. Mr John R. Freeman, in his report on the Hetch Hetchy Water Supply for San Francisco, says: — "In regard to the excess of run-off over precipitation, the fact that depth of run-off exceeded depth of rainfall at outlet simply proves that the average precipitation for the catchment as a whole was far greater than at this comparatively sheltered spot of lower altitude at the outlet of the valley." This condition holds in the Bow basin, and emphasizes the need of more stations for the recording of precipitation. On account of the short period over which complete run-off data are avail- able, and the few precipitation recording stations in the catchment area, no definite relation can be established between run-off and precipitation. The only conclusion that can be arrived at from a study of these data is that for the water years from 1909 to 1911, the mean precipitation has been nearly equal to the mean yearly precipitation for the last sixteen j-ears, as recorded at Banff. It is fair, therefore, to assume that the run-off during the same years represent approximately the mean run-oft^ conditions during a like period. Division of the Year. In considering the relation of precipitation to run-oft', a period known as a "water year" is made use of, instead of the calendar year. This period for the Bow Basin district may be assumed as extending from October 1 until September 30, for practically all of the water is obtained from the mountains, and from October 1 on, the precipitation in the form of snow is stored in the mountains to be held until the warm sun of the following early summer releases it, to form the summer freshets which occur during -May, June and July. TEMPERATURE. Temperature in the Bow river drainage area is one of the great factors influencing the discharge of the river; in the upper part of the catchment area there is not a month in the year in which frost cannot be expected. The range of temperature is great, the range of mean temperature at Banff (see tables) is Diagram showing nallY DISCHAREF IH SFCOND-FEET MEAN DAILYTEMPERATURE°IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT PLATE III Diagram showing DAILY DISCHARGE IN SECOND -FEET OF THE BOW RIVKR HORBRSHOE FAI.LS MEAN DAILY TEMPERATURE IN DEGREES FAHRENHEIT from November S'-J' 1912. to March6'--'' 1913 as recorded aL BANFF. ALT A . To accompany report on FVjwerand Storafie Investifiatic by M C Hendry B A 5c J3 800 - 40 30 ■zo lO i o c 5! j: ,"' 1"- lO 10 I f-70 a -30 \ ^ ;1 A \ ,-■'' \ r. / V '1 ' i \] \ i' i ^ / ■ ^n [''\ a j ,'.; i 1' / \-u j \ IH /W Jt % i 1 '; i •' \ I'i A:'N !/vi u/ f\. "I A-/ V u /v;; It ^ \i \ r NOTEt Dai Ten y di; charge C tyr-e Cur »e shown \ i 1 :0 20 NOVEMBER lO 20 1 IC DECEMBER 1 O JO 1 ANOARY 1 lO 20 1 FEBRUARY | MARCH Buw A'/r/;/.' p<)v:i:r axd f;roL'.'i holes BOW RIVER HORSESHOE FALLS ber^tfofh Cftltfarv ft»w^r C^-^ Dam. Ta*cco<.i pjr^y wyorl on few*- *nd Stor<|(» )nv««tieatiy' a /2^.(i^ Xitt-^^ 4y_ . Clv.f I 38 layout built. T] 1. dipped down 1 The IK lying i tion. Ii lying g the f a( • then p the ho until t into ai tance der, it tance seams in eac Plate 2. excavf the cli the ex( the se{ quanti silting 3. draina S inch throug cracks 3 inch throu^ to 18 i water 4. of the end, if realize tunnel 5. requir over t the ai forced roduc( rccom of the prcvei of a s: BOW RIYKR POWER AXD STORAGE 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Inspection and Approval. In a foregoing part of this report, the policy of tlie Water Power Branch in regard to the approval and inspection of any water-power development ha.s been set out. This policj' in the case of Horseshoe falls, has, with the exception of the appointment of a resident engineer, been carried out; Air. John R. Freeman was consulted by the company with regard to the plans, and ]\Ir. C. H. jNIitchell, C.E., as consulting engineer on the Bow river work, made several inspections of the plant both during the latter part of construction, and after completion, and has submitted two reports to the branch covering the work. KANANASKIS FALLS PLANT. General. The Kananaskis Falls plant is placed under the heading of plants in exist- ence, though at the present writing it is only in the course of construction. Site. The site of the Kananaskis Falls plant is at the falls of that name on the Bow river. These are about 2 miles upstream from the Horseshoe Falls plant, and immediatelj^ below the junction of the Bow and Kananaskis rivers : in fact the latter stream, entering from the south, adds its waters within the limit of the rapids at the head of the falls. The total fall at this point occurs in four sections; first, the rapids just mentioned, and then a series of three falls, giving a total drop of approximately 55 feet. Above the rapids the Bow river is wide and fairly shallow (see repro- duction page 40 j, the banks are comparatively low, gradually increasing in height to the head of tha falls. Below the falls, the bank.^ are perpendicular, the river flowing through a rather wide canyon. The banks of the Kananaskis are high; the west bank is perpendicular, rising at least 40 feet above the surface of the stream; the slope of the east bank is more gradual for the first few hundred 3'ards, but after that it is high and abrupt. The Canadian Pacific railway crosses the Kananaskis river by a bridge that spans the -itream about 250 yards above its mouth, and the Bow river l)y another bridgs about 1 mile above the falls. The existence of these bridges has a very direct ]:)earing upon the question of development at this point. Development. The gen(>ral scheme of development adopted is that of a dam, placed across the head of the falls, by means of which the water is raised and diverted into a canal excavated on the south side of the river. The water will be conveyed by the canal to an intake structure situated on the south bank and provided with suitable racks and gates for controlling the flow. From the intake the water will be conveyed in pressure tunnels, to the wheels placed in concrete scroll chambers situated below the power station, and thence in draft tubes to dis- charge tunnels leading to the river below the falls. The Avorking head for Avhich the plant is designed is 70 feet (see plans.) Dam. The dam at the head of the falls will raise the water to an elevation of 4,155 feet sea level datum; this elevation was finally determined owing to the existence of the Canadian Pacific Railway bridge across the Kananaskis river, about 250 j'ards from the mouth. The bridge is of the inverted truss type, and the elevation of the lower chord was the controlling feature. Permission was secured from the Canadian Pacific Railwav to raise the tracks at this 40 DEPARTME^'T OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A- 1915 now uivi:i; power wn stohace 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e point 3 feet. The new elevation of the bottom chord became 4,1()1.75. The top elevation for flash-boards and stoplogs authorized by the department has been fixed at 4,155.75, or 6 feet below the bottom chord of the Canadian Pacific Railway bridge over the Kananaskis. The dam is being built upon a ledge of rock extending practically across the river (see plan), and is in three sections. The first section, which is about 200 feet long, is nearly parallel to the centre line of the canal; the shore end of this section is in the nature of a retaining wall, while the outer 180 feet, or that portion nearest the angle, is of the spillway section, made up of nine 17 foot openings with 3 foot piers between. The central section is 174 feet long, and is provided with eight 17-foot openings, with 3-foot piers between and one 24-foot opening in the nature of a spillway. The section is built partially upon, and partially below, the ridge of rock mentioned (see plans), and is provicled with two inspection tunnels, one above and one below the ridge; drains are placed at frequent intervals leading from the face of the rock to the inspection tunnel. In addition, a line of holes is being drilled along the face of the dam down through the rock, and grouted, the idea being to close any seams that may underlie the dam. (See reproductions pages 144 and 148). The third section, forming the connecting link between the central section and the north bank of the river, runs upstream, making an angle of about 30' with the centre portion. It is 268 feet in length between abutments, and is provided with eleven 18-foot openings, with intermediate piers 7 feet thick. It is proposed to control these 18-foot openings with stoplogs operated from a deck running the length of the dam, the bottom of the deck being at elevation 4,162. The elevation of sills of these openings has been finally determined as 4,138. Working level being 4,155, which may be raised to 4,155.75 by flash- boards. This section is also provided with an inspection tunnel extending to the north bank, and having an extension in the form of a drift leading into the rock forming the north alnitment; by means of this drift it is expected to cut off possible leakage around the end of the dam and minimize danger to the structure in that respect. In addition, holes were drilled in front of this wall and then grouted under pressure. Access to the inspection tunnels is had by means of a shaft in the block, forming the junction between the second and third sections; this shaft leads to the tunnels, and also has an opening to the lower side of the dam; there is also a shaft in the north abutment of the dam. leading to the tunnels. Discharging Capacity. The discharging capacity of the structure under certain conditions is given below in tabular form. It should be noted that, with the exception of the roll- way and log run, the discharge is dependent upon manunl operation, and is not automatic except above elevation 4,155. Discharging Capacity of Kananaskis Dam. — ^Table No. 9. Elevation of Hcad-wator. 41.52- 0 41.1.30 41.54 0 41.55 0 41.56- 0 41.57-0 41.58-0 Discharge through eleven 18-ft. sluices in sec. -ft. Elev. of sill 4138. Discharge through rollway and log run in sec.-ft. (automatic.) Discharge through I sluice-ways and with stoplogs I it elev. 4155; (automatic) I sec.-ft. Total )ischarge sec.-ft. 34, (JOO .38,400 42,400 46, 100 51,240 57,220 64.2.50 42 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTEniOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Canal and Forebay. The canal is excavated in rock, sand and clay. The formation through which it is excavated is rather peculiar, owing to the great tilting of the rock, which is to be found in all parts of the district, the rock surface appears as a series of saw teeth, the intervening spaces being filled witii claj', sand and gravel; through the rock section the canal is 72 feet wide, and in the earth 40 feet wide on the bottom, and 80 feet wide on top, the bottom elevation being at 4,140; it is approximatelj^ 650 feet long. The forebay to which the canal leads is divided into two bays, one for each pressure tube, and these are in turn divided into two openings by central piers; these openings are controlled by means of "Tainter Gates" though stoplogs, working in gains may be placed in the entrance piers. Each bay is 34 feet wide, and each opening 14 feet, the dividing pier being 6 feet wide. The method of operating is not definitely settled, but will be mechanical. Pressure Tubes. Eas}' entrance by wide passages is had from the foreba}' to the pressure tunnels, which are of reinforced concrete and lead to the wheels situated in wheel pits below the power house. Power Station and Equipment. The power station is built in excavation near the river bank. The necessity of placing the station in excavation was determined by the economical length of solid steel shafting connecting the generators and turbines. The substructure is of concrete and the superstructure of steel and hollow tile construction. In addition to the electrical and hydraulic equipment described below, the station is provided with a 50-ton crane, pumps, etc. The electrical equipment will consist of two vertical shaft type, direct- connected 3,750 k.v.a., 12,000 volts, 3 phase, 60 cycle generators, together with necessary exciters and motor generator set, switch apparatus, etc.; 12,000 volt, busses will be direct connected to the Exshaw^ line, no step-up transformers being used. With this arrangement, power may be delivered either to Exshaw or Calgary through the Horseshoe Falls plant, the two plants being connected. The turbines are vertical shaft type, each of 5,800 h.p. capacity with scroll cases formed in the concrete, giving easy entrance to the wheels. The method of installing these wheels is similar in many respects to that used at the large plant at Keokuk on the Mississippi. Market. The market supplied with power from the Calgary Power Company's plants is within 50 miles of the stations, and the demand is concentrated at two points — Calgary and Exshaw. At Exshaw the load is that derived from the cement plant, which takes all the power delivered at this point; at Calgary the load is that derived from the Canada Cement Company's plant, and the city of Calgary. The latter buys power from the power company and distributes it by means of its own system. The demand for power has been increasing rapidly; the company first install- ed two 3,500 k.v.a. machines; this was at once increased by the addition of a 4,000 k.v.a. machine, and the latter is being duplicated, so that the equipment will provide for a generating capacity of approximately 18,000 h.p. In addition to the foregoing, the company has at present under construction the plant at Kananaskis falls, which when completed will have a capacitv of 10,000 h.p. BOW A7T/;/.' I'OWEU AXD ^TONAdK 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e The city of Calgan- has recently had an investigation made of the power situation in its various phases, and the results of this work, which was carried out by Mr. R. A. Ross, C.E., of Montreal; are contained in a report by him. He estimated the amount of power that would be required in the near future, i.e.. by the fall of 1913. at 12,000 k.w., and also that in ten years an output of 40,000 to 45,000 k.w. will be required, assuming that the population will then be 200,000. These figures seem large, but it is pointed out in the report :^ — ^(1) ''That you anticipate bonusing industries by means of cheap powei- ": (2) that '' owing to cheap rates, electric light will be universally used"; and (3) that "5"our output will be more readily absorbed by new industries, whicii are not committed to any particular method of power development as in older municipalities. . . . all of which will tend to make your demands much higher than for a similar sized municipalit}' in the East." Rates as Charged by City of Calgary for Power — Table No. 10. I Charge per Motor Rating. hor.se-power per year. ! s 1-3 horse-powor 4 1 89 4-9 " ' 37.71 10-18 " :« 52 19-54 " 27.2:3 55 horse-power and over 1 23 . 04 The cost for lighting is 7j cents per k.w. hour. 1912-13 peak loads:— Municipal sj^stem, the i)eak load in December, 1912, was 9,300 horse-i)owcr Eau (laire i)lant, the peak load for the same month Avas 2,345 horse-power Growth of Power Load Demands Investigation. The phenomenal growth of the country at large is of necessity refi(^ct('d in the growth in the demand for power, both for industrial uses and for light- ing. This rapid increase in demand is illustrated in the history of the munici- pal plant at Calgary, which, starting with a capacity of 260 k.w. in November, 1905, has grown by leaps and bounds, practically doubling yearly, until at present ai)proximately 6,000 k.w. is installed in the station. The history of the Calgary Power Coni]iany, which started to operate in May, 1911, with two 2,500 k.v.a. machines is similar; the first two units were scarcely running when the in>tallation of a third unit w^as commenced, and at present the fourth is being installed in their Horseshoe Falls plant. Even with this increase, they are unable to keep up with the demand for jjower, and work is now in progress upon a second plant at Kananaskis Falls, which when com- pleted will generate in the neighbourhood of 10,000 horse-])()wer. These two plants combined will give a generator capacity of about 28,000 hors<'-p()wer. It is reasonable to expect, therefore, that within a very short time the i)re- sent sources of power will be loaded to capacity, and development at other points will })ecome necessary if power is to be supplied by hydro-electric j^lauts. Intimately connected with the cjuestion of increase in the demainl for 44 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 l^ower is the question of increasing the output at the present developments, a question which is demanding the most careful consideration on the part of the companies developing, and intending to develop, power upon the Bow river, and it is therefore verj^ fortunate that the problem has been attacked in the comprehensive manner adopted by the Water Power Branch. The question of increasing output is that of increased floAV of the river during the low-water period. As has been pointed out in an earlier part of this report, the flow during the winter months is of a verj' small volume, and unless some system of regulation is developed, the power output, depending as it does upon the flow" as influenced by the variation in temperature, will vary very con- siderably from day to day. For instance, during the month of Februarj-, 1911, (which may be considered the low-water month), the mean discharge was 745 c.f.s. ; the lowest for the month occurred on the 23rd and was 600 c.f .s. This is not the lowest on record, as a discharge of 550 c.f.s. has been noted at the plant at Horseshoe falls. The maximum continuous output of the plant, then, dur- ing 1911, must be based upon this flow, giving 3,818 horse-power on the shaft of the turbine at 80 per cent efficienc^^ For purposes of comparison, suppose that the plant at Kananaskis was in condition to deliver power, then the water could be used twice, or with the 70- foot head to be developed at that point, a total output of the two plants of 7,636 horse-power on the shaft could be obtained. A "hoese-power PERCENTAGE OF TIME " curve has been plotted for these two plants (see diagram, Plate No. 20); this curve will be des- cribed more fully later, but at this point it is interesting to note for what period, in percentage of time, it is possible to operate to the full capacity of the plants. From the above it will be seen that the question of regulation of the flow of the river is vital from a power standpoint. During the period of flood, the capa- city of the openings in the structures is taxed to the utmost to safely pass the flow of the river, and then succeeds a period when every cubic foot of water must be conserved in order that the plants may be operated, even at a fraction of their normal output; the investigation into the possiblities of storage upon the Bow river and its tributaries as set forth in this report was undertaken to try to solve the problem of regulation. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e CHAPTER VII. POSSIBLE DEVELOPMENTS. General. The possibility of further development of power upon the Bow river and its tributaries is, owing to their topography, confined in a general way to par- ticular stretches of the rivers. Upon the Elbow river the power-producing part of the river is high up in the foot-hills, where it is confined to a narrow channel by high banks, breaking through at times into wide flats which, being confined at the lower end, afford possible power and storage sites. On the Bow river itself, the power-producing portion of the river, as has been pointed out, may be described as that part lying between Kananaskis falls and Calgary. The lower part of this stretch does not offer any particular site, and only one attempt has been made at development, namely, the Eau Claire plant at Cal- gary, that has been already described. Methods of Investigation. The whole power-producing section has been investigated in a general way, while particular attention was given to the part between Kananaskis falls and Radnor, of which a complete contour survey was made. Studies were made of a number of points on the ground, and a more detailed survey made of those considered worthy of particular attention in the field. After study in the office of the detail plans of these points, it has been found that there are a number worthy of consideration as feasible developments. The same method was adopted on the Elbow river; there the stretch of the river was studied carefully and after the consideration of several alternative schemes, a single development, covering nearly the whole of the power section of the river, was decided upon, and surveys were made. A storage scheme was also worked out in connection with this development. In order that these different schemes might be studied, and their feas- ibility arrived at, layouts have been worked up for the different developments with some degree of detail, and estimates based upon these have been made. It is pointed out that these layouts are for study only, and should not be considered as final designs. The sites on the Bow river to which special attention has been given are known as: — 1. Kananaskis Falls (being built). 2. Bow Fort. 3. Mission. 4. Ghost. 5. Radnor. On the Elbow river: — Elbow river site near Canyon creek. On Cascade river: — Minnewanka Dam. 25e— 5 46 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 47" SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e BOW FORT SITE. General. The Bow river, after passing the Calgary Power Company's plant at Horse- shoe falls, flows between high banks for about 3 miles, and at very few points in this distance is it possible to get down to water level, the banks for the most part being precipitous and rising to heights of from 40 to 150, and even 200 feet in places. At several places the stream is very much confined (see topographical sheets No. 4 and No. 4A and reproduction page 41), flowing through narrow gaps in the rock outcrops. A point in regard to the geology of the river is of interest here: Below the Horseshoe falls, the general dip of the rock changes twice in a distance of 3 miles; at the Calgary Power Company's plant the dip is towards the west (see reproduction page 35), about a mile below the dip is east, while below the mouth of Bow Fort creek it has changed to the west again. About a half a mile below the mouth of Bow Fort creek the character of the banks undergoes a change, and for a number of miles below this point high steep banks alternate with wide flats. A number of rapids and swifts occur between the falls and the point just mentioned, the principal ones being about half a mile, and a mile and a half below the falls, and one about three-quarters of a mile above the mouth of Bow Fort creek. The total fall between the tail-race of the Calgary Power Company's plant and the point below Bow Fort creek where the change in the banks takes place, is approximately 70 feet. Between the mouth of the creek and the end of the section just described the banks are high and almost perpendicular, especially immediately above the lower end; just below the section there is a wide flat which lies on the south side of the river at an elevation of a few feet above the level of the river, and it is at this point, known as Bow Fort site that a detail study has been made. Site. Bow Fort site lies at the extreme lower end of the section just described, about half a mile below the mouth of Bow Fort creek and three and three- quarter miles below the plant at Horseshoe falls. Just above the flat mentioned, the river flows between perpendicular rock cliffs between 40 and 50 feet high, and from the edge of the cliffs the banks rise rather steeply, with a slope of 40 or 50 feet in two or three hundred, to the foot of the main valley banks on the south side; on the north side the slope is much steeper; these slopes are of solid rock, thinly overlaid with soil. From edge to edge of the cliffs the distance is only 265 feet, the general tilt of the rock is towards the west and the general characteristics of the site give the impression that there was a fall in the river here at one time, the cliff having been cut back until all that remains is a slight drop, which entirely disappears at high water. The cause of this drop is a ledge of rock extending across the river; and it is upon this ledge that it is proposed to place the dam, the intake being in the south bank and penstocks leading to the power station situated on the flat below. Water Supply. Under the present conditions of the river, that is without storage, the low- water discharge between Kananaskis falls and the mouth of the Ghost may be expected to go as low as 600 second-feet, though only for short periods (see discharge curves). With the storage contemplated on the upper part of the river, it is expected that a minimum flow of 1,500 second-feet will be obtained, and it is upon this basis of discharge that the schemes above the mouth of the 25e— 5^ 48 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Ghost are worked out; the intake structures and hydraulic equipment are designed for a flow of 2,000 second-feet, such a flow being available for a great part of the year; the extra equipment would also act as a spare unit, or stand-by. The flood that the structures are expected to discharge safely is one of 50,000 second-feet. These, therefore, are the conditions of flow for which the plant has been designed: — ■ A minimum flow of 1,500 c.f.s., with extra equipment for a dis- charge of 2,000 c.f.s. to also act as a stand-by. A maximum discharge of 50,000 c.f.s. Development. Several schemes of developing the power available at this point have been studied, the one here presented being finally settled upon as the most feasible. In order that these studies may be more comprehensive, designs have been prepared and are included in the report, but these are for the purpose mentioned, and are not intended as final. The proposed scheme places a dam across the river at the point in question; here the gorge is 265 feet wide, the walls are nearly perpendicular, and the river fills the whole of the bottom of the canyon. On the north side of the dam line the cliff rises 25 feet from the water surface, then slopes back for a distance of 50 feet, rising another 20 feet to the foot of a rock cliff some 30 feet high, the intermediate slope being formed of gravel and disintegrated rock from the cliff above. It is proposed to remove this material and place four sluice-ways at the end of the dam, using the cliff for the north abutment of the structure. On the south side the cliff is higher, rising sheer 40 feet from the water's edge. From the top of the cliff the slope is steep, rising 25 feet in 100; this slope is formed by the dip of the rock, which at this point is overlaid with soil to a depth of only a few inches. Head. By placing the dam at this point a total head of 66 feet may be developed, part of which is the natural fall in the river above the site, the extra two or three feet being obtained below. To obtain this head, the water above the dam would be backed up nearly to the tail-water of the Horseshoe Falls plant and about 2 feet would intervene between the head and tail-waters of the two plants. Dam. The dam proposed is of the hollow reinforced concrete typo, founded upon ledge rock existing in the river-bed; it would be 265 feet long lx>tween the cliffs of the river, and 350 feet long over all, including the sluice-ways; the total height of the structure would be 75 feet, from foundation to spillway crest. The dam would be provided with four openings 20 feet by 24 feet at the north end, and controlled by stoney sluice-gates provided with proper operating mechanism and housed; these could be used for additional discharge during floods. In addition, there would be two stoplog openings, 16 feet long, and three 72 inch valves controlling additional sluice-ways in the base of the dam. These openings, together with 200 feet of spillway section, will provide for a flood dis- charge of 50,000 second-feet. p^ It may be mentioned here that, from Canadian Pacific Railway Company's data relating to the high water in the Bow river, the engineers of the Calgary Power Company have computed that the maximum flood discharge at Horseshoe falls, which occurred in June, 1902, was 43,000 c.f.s. BOW RITER POWER AXD STORAGE 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Intake. The intake structure would be situated on the south side of the river at the top of the rock cliff and would necessitate some rock excavation. The whole intake would be built upon a solid rock foundation and be of concrete construc- tion provided with the necessary trash racks; provision would also be made for handling ice under ■u'inter conditions. Behind the intake racks, the chamber would narrow down to form the gate chamber or entrance to the penstocks; this would be divided into three exactly similar bays, one for each penstock, having a cross-section of 18 feet by 20 feet at the entrance to the penstocks, and pro- vided with stoplog gains, logs and winches by means of which the entrance to the penstocks may be closed. The whole of the gate chamber would be housed. Penstocks. It is proposed to have three separate penstocks from the gate chamber to the power-house in the provisional layout; these would be 10 feet 6 inches in diameter and 210 feet long, each delivering water to one main generator unit, the exciter units being mounted on the shaft of the generator. Power Station and Equipment. The site is an ideal one for development, with a high cliff on either side and a flat immediately below which provides a good location for a power station, and plenty of level ground for yard room. It is proposed to place the power station on this flat immediately below the cliff and excavate the necessary tail-race to the river. By placing the station in this position the penstocks will be short, and good regulation may be secured; also the amount of excavation would be reduced. The head of 66 feet with the regulated flow of 1,500 second-feet will give a mechanical output of 9,000 b.h.p., or 8,100 electrical h.p. The equipment would be for three units, the turbines of 4,400 horse-power each, with governors, etc.; the electrical equipment proposed is three 2,500 k.w. generators with exciters mounted on the shaft. All the necessary switch apparatus, wiring, transformers, etc., are provided for, together with a crane of sufficient capacitj^ to handle the station equipment. estimate of cost of plant. BOW FORT SITE. General plans have been prepared of the layout of the plant and equip- ment, and the following is an estimate of the cost of the plant, based upon the foregoing plans, and without transmission line and terminals: — Main dam and headworks $366,000.00 Penstock 54,600.00 Power-house 65,500.00 Machinery: Turbines and governors 52,800.00 Generators.., 65,000.00 Transformers and switch apparatus.... 48,000.00 Total $651,900.00 Engineering and contingencies 98 , 530 . 00 $750,430.00 Interest during construction 30,000.00 Grand Total $780,430.00 50 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Storage Charges — Total estimated cost of creating storage above Horseshoe falls $760,000 .00 On the basis of a minimum flow of 1,500 c.f.s., the total continuous output of the river 47,300 w.h.p. Cost of storage per w.h.p $16 .00 Proportion of capital cost of storage chargeable to Bow Fort site on basis of w.h.p $144,540.00 Transmission Charges. — Proportion of capital cost of transmission lines and terminal station and equip- ment chargeable to Bow Fort site. ... $ 86,400.00 The total capital cost of the plant, including the proportion of the cost of creating storage and transmission lines with substation and equipment to be charged against the plant, is as follows: — Estimated total Capital Cost. — Cost of plant $780,430.00 Storage 144,540.00 Transmission line, sub-stations, equipment, etc 86,400.00 Total capital cost $1,011,370.00 Cost of plant as above, $1,011,370. The head to be developed is 66 feet. This, taken with the regulated flow of 1,500 second-feet would produce 8,100 electrical horse-power, or 7,300 horse-power on the terminals in Calgary for distribution. Under 25 per cent overload, which the machines are capable of supporting continuously, the station output would be 10,125 electrical horse- power. Annual Charges. — Assuming the sale of power will reach 7,300 horse-power, the probable annual cost per horse-power will be as follows: — 1. — Interest on capital invested, assuming financing is done on Bonds at 6 per cent, sold at par $60 , 700 . 00 2. — Sinking fund to retire bonds in 30 years reinvested at 4 per cent, say If per cent 17,700. 00 3. — Depreciation on plant, adjusted between general works and equipment, to provide for major repairs and renewals 15,150.00 4. — Operation and maintenance, including management, superintendence, wages, for plant, transmission line, receiving stations, etc., proportion of storage, regu- lation and minor repairs, supplies, etc 22,750.00 Total annual charges $116,300.00 Annual operating and fixed charges per horse-power. ... $15.93 Cost per horse-power year on 50 per cent load factor basis 31.86 Cost per k. w. year on 50 per cent load factor basis 42.48 or 0 49 cent per k.w. hour. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e MISSION SITE. General. Below the Bow Fort site, the river flows through a valley with banks varying from 50 to 150 feet high; the valley bottom is generally wide, and the river mean- ders through it, swerving from bank to bank so that the banks of the river itself are alternately high and low, a low bank facing a high one and vice versa ; this is characteristic of the river from Bow Fort site to the mouth of the Ghost river. At several points there are rock}' banks opposite one another, but these are low. At a point on the river, about 4 miles by the river below Morley bridge, two rocky banks occur opposite one another, and opportunity is here afforded for development; this site will be referred to as "^Mission Site," owing to its proxi- mity to the old Methodist mission on the Stoney Indian reserve. Site. At this point the river flows between two rock outcrops which are parallel to one another about 450 feet apart, and rise to an elevation of at least 60 feet above the river level: this stretch of the river flows almost north and south. On the west side the rock outcrop is in the nature of a long ridge, the ground behind it drops abruptly and then gradually rises to the high banks of the valley behind; here is the controlling feature of the site. On the east side of the river the out- crop forms the bank of the river and also of the valley, and the ground rises gently away from it. At its southern end the outcrop dwindles until it reaches the general level of the large flat adjacent to the river. The general course of the river in the vicinity resembles the letter "S" reversed, the rock outcrops being midway between the two loops. On the south side of the lower loop, the banks are very high while on the north side they are low, gradually rising away from the river in a series of terraces, until an elevation of some 50 feet above the river is reached; these form a bar about 2,600 feet long across the north side of the lower loop beginning at the rock outcrop and ending in a rather steep bank at a point about 6,000 feet downstream, measured along the river, from the two outcrops. There is no direct fall in the river at this point or above it, the general charac- teristics being that of swifts or very flat rapids common to the greater part of the river. The site chosen for the development is that described as above (see repro- duction page 55). It is proposed to place a dam across the river between the two rock outcrops, resting against the upstream end of the one on the west side, and near the downstream end of the one on the east side. The lower end of the rock outcrop affords a good site for the intake structure, and the high land running across the loop in the river provides ground at a sufficient eleva- tion to carry the water from the intake and deliver it to a power-house which could be placed on the banks of the river at the end of the loop. Water Supply. The remarks on the river flow made in connection with the Bow Fort site apply equally to this site. Development. A preliminary examination of the site revealed the foregoing conditions, and it was therefore decided that a detailed survey of the site in connection with the general work in the river was warranted, and from this the scheme of development here outlined has been worked up. 52 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Briefly, the method settled upon involves placing a dam across the river at the rock outcrops, together with some necessary embankment on the west side; an intake structure with controlling devices on the east side; an open canal excavated in the top of the river terrace referred to; a forebay with racks, over- flow, and entrance to the penstocks; and penstocks to deliver the water to the power station situated on the banks of the river almost 6,000 feet below the dam. Head. The water will be raised at the dam a height of 40 feet, and will back the water upstream a distance of about 43^^ miles to a point above Morley bridge; between the dam and the outlet from the power-house there is a further fall in the river of 9 feet, giving a net available head of 47 feet. Dam. The proposed dam is similar to that for the Bow Fort site, hollow and of reinforced concrete. It will be 465 feet long, including spillway and sluice-ways, and from the crest of the spillway to the foundation it will be about 55 feet high, and will be founded upon rock. The extra discharging capacity will be provided by means of sluiceways of the same dimensions and type as those at Bow Fort site, but on account of the width of the river, no excavation will be necessary; as above, there will be four 20-foot by 24-foot sluice-ways, controlled by Stoney gates, and provided with proper operating mechanism; two 9- foot by 16-foot stoplog openings will also be provided, together with sluice- way openings, through the base of the dam, 72 inches in diameter. The struc- ture will pass a flood of 50,000 c.f.s. with a 4-foot overtop. The spillway is placed at elevation 3,865.00, normal water level at the site being 3,825; the bottom of the stoplog openings at elevation 3,856 and the sluice- gate sills at 3,841; an operating deck at elevation 3,871 will be provided for the sluice-way section. This structure is different from that at Bow Fort site, and the other sites contemplated, in that there is no necessity for a bridge across the dam and the whole length of the spillway will be unobstructed. This type of structure has many advantages over the solid spillway type, it is cheaper, the difficulties of unwatering are reduced, and the question of foundation is not as serious as with a solid masonry dam. In connection with the dam it will be necessary to place an embankment on the west side of the rock outcrop, forming the west wing of the dam; here the ground drops about 12 feet below the contemplated spill-way level, the embankment would be 225 feet long on the crest, and at elevation 3,871 or about 16 feet high at the highest point. It is proposed to place either steel sheet pil- ing or a concrete core wall through the centre of this embankment, depending upon the depth at which an impervious stratum of material is encountered. No test pits have been sunk, so that it is impossible to say which will bo the pro- per course to pursue at this stage; ample provision has been made, however, for ordinary contingencies in the estimates. Intake. The intake to the canal will be situated at the east end of the dam, and will have its face approximately^ at right angles to the centre line. This position will secure the advantage of a current across the face of the intake which, with a sluice-way between the intake and the end of the dam, will eliminate trouble usually caused by ice and floating debris lodging against the racks over the BOW BITER POWER AXZ3 STORAGE 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e intake. The total width of the intake is 95 feet, divided into four openings of 16 feet wide; the depth of the water at the intake will be 15 feet, and allowing for the loss of section due to trash racks, the velocity of entrance will be about 3.0 feet per second. In addition to the trash racks it is proposed to place stoplog gains in the intake piers, and also to provide the necessary stoplogs and operating winches. As the structure will be built upon solid rock, means of shutting off the water from the canal vrd\ thus be provided, in the event of such a necessity. The whole structure would have a top elevation of 3,871, or 6 feet above spillway elevation. That is 2 feet above the extreme flood conditions for which the dam structure is designed. Canal, The canal proposed is 2,600 feet long; it will have a cross-sectional area of 525 square feet. The whole length of the canal lies in gravel, and on this account the section adopted will have side slopes 1| to 1. The working level of the water in the canal will be very nearly that of the original surface of the ground for the whole length of the canal, and it is proposed to raise the embankment to eleva- tion 3,871 for the whole length. On account of the nature of the material, it is also proposed to line the canal with concrete for the whole prism, which will not only prevent leakage, and possible breaks, but will materially reduce the loss in head due to friction. FOREBAY. On account of the similarity of their general features it has been decided as far as possible to design the plants for the several sites along the same lines. With this in view, a standard design of forebay has been adopted, for the quantity of water to be handled is practically the same at each site; the penstocks, too, can be made of the same general dimensions. The delivery of water to each penstock, of which there are three, is obtained by means of a bay 18 feet wide, with a depth of water of 20 feet at working level. Each bay will be provided with racks and screens to prevent the entrance of ice or trash from the canal. The water will be controlled by means of stop- logs for which gains are provided, a duplicate set of gains being also placed in each bay, as it is proposed to use a type of Stoney gate capable of being used in any one of the three bays, so as to obtain rapid control of all the water. Where the forebays are at the end of the canal as in this case, provision is made for draining canal and forebay by means of a sluice-way; this sluice will also take care of any surplus flow due to suddenly closing down of an}^, or all, of the machines. The bottom of the forebay, in this case, is at elevation 3,844.5, and the working level of the water 3,864.5, providing for a loss of head in the canal of 0.5 feet. Penstocks. The penstocks will be three in number, 10 feet 6 inches in diameter, and 265 feet long, supported upon concrete piers, and will be similar in all respects to the ones proposed for the Bow Fort site, except that they will be slightly longer; very little excavation will be necessary to place the penstocks on a uniform grade. Power Station and Equipment. The general layout and size of the power-house as adopted for the Bow Fort site will be used at all the power sites, with the possible exception of the Radnor site, which will enal)le estimates to be made sufficiently close for the purposes of this report, as the flow is nearly the same for all plants, and the heads to be developed are nearly the same. 54 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 The equipment at this will be a slight difference in size from that at the first plant. The power station would be situated about 100 feet back from the river, at the foot of the terrace mentioned before: the drawback at this point is the lack of evidence of rock in place underlying the heavy gravel which covers the site; on this account care will have to be exercised in securing a foundation for the station. The tail-race will be in the same material, and it may be found necessary to line it with concrete. The head to be developed at this point is 47 feet and, with 1,500 c.f.s. expected from the regulated flow, 6,410 b.h.p. can be produced, or 5,770 e.h.p. output at the station. The equipment provides for three units, the turbines each of 3,500 horse- power, with governors, etc.; the electrical equipment proposed is three 2,000 k.w. machines, with exciters mounted on the shaft of each, and these, together with all switch apparatus, wiring, transformers, regulators, etc., are provided for in the estimates. The power station would also be fully equipped with crane, etc. Except for the difference in the capacity of the installation, the station would be similar to that at the Bow Fort site. The size of the equip- ment has been adapted with the idea that under certain loading conditions two units could handle the total load on the station under minimum flow con- ditions, giving one unit as a stand-by. The estimated cost of the development, based upon the layout and plans outlined in the foregoing is here given: — Estimated Cost of Plant. MISSION SITE. Main dam and headworks $313 , 660. 00 Canal, including lining 62,000. 00 Forebay 23,000.00 Penstocks 35,750.00 Power-house 61 ,000. 00 Machinery: Turbines and governors 42 , 000 . 00 Generators and exciters 52,000. 00 Transformers and switching apparatus 36,000.00 Total $625,410.00 Engineering and contingencies $94 , 690 . 00 $720,100.00 Interest during construction $28 , 000 . 00 Grand total $748,100.00 The total capital cost of the plant, including the proportion of the cost of creation of storage, also the proportion of the cost of a duplicate transmission line to Calgary, and proportion of a transformer station and equipment is: — Capital cost of plant $748, 100.00 Transmission lines and station equipment . . 64 , 700 . 00 Storage 103,000.00 Total capital cost $915,800.00 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 5& SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e The head available is 47 feet, and the regulated flow 1,500 second-feet, resulting in a power output at the station of 6,410 b.h.p. or 5,300 horse-power at the terminals in Calgary. Annual Charges. Assuming a sale of 5,300 horse-power, the probable annual cost per horse- power, based upon a capital cost of S915,800, would be: — 1. — Interest on capital invested assuming financing is done on bonds at 6 per cent sold at par $54,900. 00 2. — Sinking fund to retire bonds in 30 years reinvested at 4 per cent, say If per cent 16,050.00 3. — Depreciation on plant adjusted between general works and equipment to provide for major repairs and re- newals 13,700.00 4. — Operation and maintenance including management, superintendence, wages for operators of plant, trans- mission line, receiving station, storage regulation, minor repairs, supplies, and upkeep, etc 20,650.00 Total annual charges $105,300.00 Cost of power per horse-power year delivered in Calgary $19.37 " " " " " on basis of 50 per cent load factor 39.74 '' " " " k.w. year on basis of 50 per cent load fac- tor, or 0 . 60 cents per k.w. hour 52 . 98 Photo by .VI. C. Hendry. Mission Site. 56 DEPARTMENT OF THE MTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 GHOST SITE. General. The Ghost site (see reproduction page 56), so called on account of its situation at the mouth of the Ghost river, is about 4 miles below Mission site. The river valley between the two points is rather wide, and the banks generally low; this is especially true of the south side of the river, banks a few feet high confining the river to its bed for nearly the whole distance between the two jDoints mentioned; on the north side there are a few low flats lying at the foot of the high banks which form the valley boundaries, these however are generally narrow. On the south side, the land lies all in the Indian reserve, while on the north it is contained in what was Morleyville settlement, of which the Ghost river formed the eastern boundary. This river enters the Bow river at right angles and directly opposite the eastern boundary of the Indian reserve, flowing from the north through a deep narrow valley; where it flows through the valley of the Bow river, before joining that stream itself, its western banks rise in a series of terraces, whilst on the east it flows along the face of a rock cliff, until it joins the main river where the latter cuts through this rock outcrop. Ghost Site. Photo by M. C. Hendry. Site. The Bow river at the site immediately below the mouth of the Ghost is 300 feet wide. On the south side the river in cutting through the rock has formed a cliff which is nearly perpendicular and about 30 feet high; from the top of the cliff the ground slopes back, gently rising at least 20 feet more in al)out 400 feet; on the north side the banks rise higher, but are not so abrupt, the rock rises from the river to a flat at the foot of the high valley bank. This rock ridge observed on either side the river, extends right across the bed, causing quite a noticeable fall in the river at this point. jBOIT' ElVER POWER AND STORAGE 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Development. The scheme proposed is to place a dam across the river at this point, with the rock outcrops as abutments. In this position it will intercept not only the flow of the Bow river, but also that of the Ghost, and this has an important bearing on the scheme, bj' raising the water to the proposed level, the present road and bridge over the Ghost will be flooded out, making it necessary to relo- cate them; this may be done quite easih^ by diverting the road north before it leaves the upper level, and an easy grade down to the Ghost river above the proposed flood level may then be secured, also a good crossing point. The road will then follow the new bank of the river downstream until it joins the old road; this route, which is marked out, and may be seen on the plans, will cost very little and will not increase the length materially. The intake will be placed upon the south side of the river, and will give entrance to a canal similar to the one proposed for the Mission site, though not as long. At the lower end will be placed a forebay and penstocks, leading to a power station and tail-race. By this means some 6 or 8 feet of fall in the river will be added to the head utilized, for an expenditure which is considered to be warranted. Flow. The regulated flow of the Bow river will be augmented at this point by the flow from the Ghost. The records of the discharge of the latter river do not extend over a lengthy period, only two years being available, but records at other places extending over a longer period, indicate that the winter of 1911-12 was one of low flow, and from the records it is concluded that a minimum flow during the low water period will be approximately 100 c.f.s. This will, with the storage contemplated, give an available minimum discharge at the proposed power site of 1,600 c.f.s. Head. The head it is proposed to develop will be secured by raising the water at the dam to an elevation of 3,812.50 and by going downstream a sufficient dis- tance to get a tail-water elevation of 3,762, or a net available head of 50 feet. This head, together with the contemplated minimum flow of 1,000 c.f.s. will give an output of 7,275 b.h.p. an output at the station of 6,550 e.h.p. Dam. The dam contemplated in connection with this scheme is similar to the two already described in connection with the developments proposed at the Bow Fort and Mission sites, i.e., a hollow reinforced concrete dam. The struc- ture will be 450 feet long, including sluice-ways, and about 50 feet high, depend- ing upon the depth of the foundation. The dam proper, will be approximately 300 feet in length, the remainder being taken up with sluice-ways, which will be placed at the north end of the dam. Some excavation will be required, in order that the sills for the large openings may be placed at the required eleva- tions, and provide for entrance and exit for the water; the openings proposed are the same as at other sites, four 20-foot by 24-foot sluice-Avays controlled by Stoney gates, and tAvo 9-foot by 16-foot stoplog openings. Access to the north end of the dam will be by means of a passageway through the structure, leav- ing a clear spillway 300 feet long; in addition, sluices will be provided through the dam at the south end, controlled by 72-inch valves, giving in all a discharg- ing capacity of 50,000 second-feet., the dam being designed for a 4-foot overtop. 58 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 At the north end of the dam an embankment 300 feet long and 8 feet high will be required, and one also at the south end of the intake, to connect it to high ground ; the latter will be 400 feet long and of a maximum height of 8 feet. Intake. The intake to the cana,l will be at the south end of the dam, a sluice-way for ice and other debris intervening; the face of the intake in the proposed lay- out is at an angle of about 30° with the line of the dam, producing a cross cur- rent towards the sluice-way mentioned. The intake will be about 100 feet over all, and will be provided with five 16-foot openings, the openings to be provided with proper racks and screens to exclude ice and debris; the depth of water will be 14.5 feet to obtain which, rock excavation will be necessary, as the whole structure will have a rock foundation. With the design proposed, the entrance velocities will be low being only about 2.5 feet per second. The piers in the intake will be provided with stoplog gains; stoplogs and operating machinery are also provided for, in order that the water may be shut off from the canal if necessary, the piers being designed with that contingency in mind. The top of the structure will be at elevation 3,818.5, or 6 feet above work- ing level; thus these head-works are 2 feet above extreme flood level, the dam being designed for a maximum overtop of 4 feet. Canal. The canal proposed will be 1,900 feet long; from the intake it will be entire- ly in excavation, the material being solid rock and earth in about equal quan- tities. As indicated on the layout of the plant, it is assumed to be all in earth, but the estimates are based upon the assumption of rock forming 50 per cent of the excavated material. The earth is really gravel mixed with loam, and the material being porous, a concrete lining has been provided for the whole length of the canal. The section in the different material will be so adjusted as to obtain an area in cross-section of at least 525 square feet, giving a mean velocity in the canal, under working conditions, of from 3 to 4 feet per second. FOREBAY. From indications on the ground it is expected that a solid rock foundation may be obtained for the forebay and power station. The forebay will be similar in every respect to that at the Mission site; it will be provided with the three penstock bays of the same size controlled by stop-logs and auxiliary stoney gate, capable of use in any one of the three bays. The overflow sluice will also be the same as for the Mission site. Penstocks. The penstocks will be 250 feet long, and of the same dimensions as for the other sites, i.e., 10.5 feet in diameter, being under practically the same head. The other dimensions will be the same in every respect. Power Station and Equipment. The power station will also be similar to the one at the Mission site, both in the building itself, and the equipment. It is proposed to use three 3,500 horse- power turbines with governors, etc., and three 2,000 k.w, generators with BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e exciters direct connected as before; also similar switch apparatus and trans- former equipment. The size of the units selected has the advantage of leaving a spare unit available. Two of the turbine units under capacity load are practically equal to the output of the station under low water conditions; under these conditions, the generators would be working under a 25 per cent overload, which they could maintain indefinitely; this may be said for all the developments, the stations being designed with that end in view. Estimated Cost of Plant. GHOST SITE. Main dam, including embankments, excavation and un watering and headworks $349 , 800 . 00 Canal 71,000.00 Forebay 17,275.00 Penstocks 32,000.00 Power-house 54,000.00 Machinery : Turbines and governors 42 , 000 . 00 Generators and exciters 52 , 000 . 00 Transformers and switch apparatus 36 , 000 . Oo Total $654,075.00 Engineering and contingencies 98,891.00 $752,966.00 Interest during construction " 30,000.00 Grand total $782,966. 00 The total capital cost of the plant, together with its proportion of the cost of creating storage based upon the 1,500 c.f.s. flow, also the proportion of the cost of a duplicate transmission line and terminal station with equipment, etc., is as follows : Total cost of plant $782,966.00 Transmission line, sub-station with equipment, etc 70,577.00 Storage charges 109,530.00 Total capital cost $963,073. 00 The head available is 50 feet; the regulated flow is 1,500 second-feet, to which must be added 100 second-feet, which is the discharge from the Ghost to be counted upon during low-water period, giving a total of 1,600 second-feet; the power to be developed is, therefore, 7,275 b.h.p., giving an output of 5,900 horse-power on the terminals at Calgary. Annual Charges. Assuming a sale of 5,900 horse-power, the probable annual cost per horse- power based upon a capital cost of $963,073. would be: — 60 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 1. — Interest on capital invested assuming financing is done on bonds at 6 per cent, sold at par $57,825.00 2. — Sinking fund to retire bonds in 30 years, reinvested at 4 per cent, say 1^ per cent 16,875.00 3.^ — ^Depreciation on plant adjusted between general works and equipment to provide for major repairs and re- newals 14,475.00 4. — Operation and maintenance, including management superintendence, wages for operation of plant, trans- mission line, receiving station, etc., proportion of storage regulation and minor repairs, supplies and upkeep chargeable to income 21 ,625.00 Total annual charges $110,800.00 Cost of power per h.p. year, delivered in Calgary 18 . 73 " " " " " " on a basis of 50 per cent load factor 37.56 " " " per k.w. year on the same basis 50.09 or 0.57 cent per k.w. hour. RADNOR SITE. General. Below the mouth of the Ghost, the Bow river flows generally between high banks; on the north side they rise to a considerable elevation above the surface of the river, while on the south side they are not so high,, rising about 20 to 30 feet, and sloping back to the general valley boundaries. The next section does not contain any direct falls, but is made up of swifts, rapids and the general slope of the river, so that any development w^ould simply mean the concentration of the natural slope in the river at one point. Site. The last site upon the power producing section of the river settled upon is that known as "Radnor site" (see reproductions pages 62 and 63), lying about 33^ miles below the mouth of the Ghost river. The banks of the river at the point chosen are about 300 feet apart, and are in the nature of rocky cliffs; on the south side they rise almost perpendicular to a height of about 50 feet; on the north side they are not so high, but rise about 35 feet and from that height slope back gently reaching a height of nearly 60 feet above the surface of the water. At the point chosen for building the dam, there is a ridge which extends entirely across the river causing a slight drop at that point. Directly below the site the river makes a sharp bend to the north, then swings east again and is divided into two channels by an island a few hundred yards below. On the south side, the Canadian Pacific railway' approaches very closely to the bank of the river, but is at a sufficient elevation to obviate the possibility of trouble due to placing a dam at the point mentioned. The proximity of the railway to the site facilitates the transportation, and by building an overhead cable from the railway, material could easily be transferred to the works. Above the site the banks are generally high though the flats along the river are wide, and considerable flooding in the river bottom will occur; the total area of the pond created being 241 acres; the slope of the river is generally regular, there being only a few flat rapids or swifts between this and the mouth of the Ghost. BOW RITER POWER AND STORAGE 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Development. The method of developing the site involves placing a dam across the river at the point mentioned, and making use of the rock cliffs as abutments for the structure. The intake which will be in the nature of a short canal, will be placed upon the north side of the river, being excavated from the side of the cliff forming the river bank and extending downstream past the dam about 300 feet. Its inshore bank will be formed of rock in excavation, and on the river side it will be confined by a concrete retaining w^all designed to act as an additional spillway. The forebay or entrance to the penstocks, will be placed at the lower end of the intake or canal and will lead to penstocks of short length, which in turn wall convey the water to the power station situated on the river bank opposite the second bend in the river below the dam (see plans.) Flow. The flow upon which the development is based is the same as that for the Ghost site, that is, a minimum of 1,600 c.f.s. with structures designed to dis- charge a flood of 55,000 c.f.s., wdth an overtop of 4 feet. Head. The head it is proposed to develop will be secured by raising the water at the dam to an elevation of 3,760; the normal tail-water opposite the site of the power station is 3,716, so that the normal working head will be 44 feet; this head with the contemplated regulated flow of 1,600 c.f.s. minimum will give an out- put of 6,400 b.h.p. or an output at the station of 5,760 e.h.p. Dam. The dam upon which the estimates have been based, is the hollow rein- forced concrete type similar to the structures already described in connection with the other sites. The dam wall be connected to the spillway section forming the retaining wall for the intake, and as access to the south shore may be had through the dam, no deck wall be necessary; this will give an unobstructed spill- way of approximately 700 feet, which, together with the two 18-foot by 20- foot sluice-ways that it is proposed to place next the forebay, will give ample discharging capacity. Provision may be made for a log run at the south end of the dam. Intake. The intake will be on the north side of the river and will l)e in the nature of a canal, the entrance being in line with the upstream face of the dam; it will be 50 feet wide and excavated to a sufficient depth to provide 20 feet of water with the upper water surface at normal working level; this canal will be about 300 feet long, and at the lower end sluice-ways and an ice channel will be pro- vided to clear any ice that may lodge against the racks, protecting the entrance to the penstocks. The entrance to the intake will be protected by a timber boom swung across from the bank to the north to deflect all logs and debris over the main spillway. ^ Forebay. The forebay will be in every respect similar to those of the other sites, providing for entrance to three penstocks by means of bays 18-feet by 20-feet, 25e— 6 62 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 the water being controlled by means of stoplogs. Duplicate stoplog gains are provided and provision made for closing the openings rapidly by means of a type of gate similar to the Stoney gate but mounted on a track, and capable of being used in any bay, or in the sluice openings provided in the spillway. Penstocks. The penstocks, three in number, and each leading to one unit, will be 10.5 feet in diameter as before, and about 75 feet long, and as the head is nearly the same as for the plants already mentioned, their other dimensions will be approxi- mately the same. Radnor — Power Station 8iU'. Photo hv K. H. Smith. Power Station and Equipment. The power station will, as already stated, be placed upon the river bank opposite the second bend below the dam, (see reproduction, page 63), and an unobstructed flow of the water from the tail-race will be thus provided for. The building will be founded upon rock and be similar in all respects as to equipment and design to the stations at Mission and Ghost sites. The equip- ment will consist of three 3,500 horse-power turbines direct connected to three 2,000 k.w. generators, and having exciters mounted upon their shafts, together with switch apparatus, transformers, etc. At the north end of the station, yard room will be provided by filling in over the old gravel bar shown on the plans, up to the floor level of the station; this will provide room for assembling and handling the plant. Tail Race. The tail-race, owing to the depth of water in front of the station, will be short, little excavation being necessary. BOW RITER POWER AND STORAGE 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Estimated Cost of Plant. RADNOR SITE. Main Dam, including excavation and unwatering $ 295,000.00 Intake, including excavation, concrete and fixtures 64,700.00 Forebay 23,800.00 Penstocks.. 11,400.00 Power Station, excavation and unwatering 68,100.00 ^lachinery: Turbines, governors, etc 42 ,000. 00 Generators and exciters 52 , 000 . 00 Transformers and switch apparatus, etc 36.000.00 Total $ 593,000.00 Engineering and contingencies 90,750. 00 $ 683,750.00 Interest during construction 27 ,350. 00 Grand total $ 711 , 100. 00 Radnor Site (From Upstream). Photo by K. H. Smith. Total Capital Cost. The total capital cost of the development includes the cost of construct- ing the plant, the proportion of the cost of creating storage chargeable to the plant on the basis of horse-power developed (b.h.p.) from 1,500 c.f.s. and the proportion of the cost, on a basis of output e.h.p., of a duplicate transmission line to Calgar}', together with substation and equipment of a capacity sufficient to serve the four lower plants. It is made up as follows: — 25e— 6i 64 DEPARTMEA'T OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Cost of the plant $ 711 , 100. 00 Transmission line, substation, etc 62,400.00 Storage 96,360.00 Total capital cost $ 869,860.00 Annual Charges. The head available is 44 feet; the regulated flow 1,500 c.f.s., to which must be added 100 c.f.s. from the Ghost river, giving a total minimum flow of 1,600 c.f.s.; the power developed would be 6,400 b.h.p., giving an output on the Cal- gary terminals of approximately 5,200 horse-power. Assuming a sale of 5,200 horse-power, the probable annual cost per horse- power based upon a capital cost of $869,860 would be: — 1. — Interest on capital invested assuming financing is done on bonds at 6 per cent, sold at par $52,200. 00 2. — Sinking fund, to retire bonds in 30 years, reinvested at 4 per cent, say If per cent 15,250.00 3. — Depreciation on plant, adjusted between general works and equipment to provide for major repairs and renewals 13 , 050 . 00 4. — -Operation and maintenance, including management, superintendence, wages of operators at plant, trans- mission line, terminal station, operation of storage, minor repairs, suppHes, upkeep, etc., etc 19,600.00 Total annual charges $ 100,100.00 Cost of power per horse-power year delivered in Calgary. . . . $19.25 Cost per horse-power year on basis of 50 per cent load factor . 38 . 50 Cost per k.w. year on basis of 50 per cent load factor 51 . 33 or 0-59 of a cent per k.w. hour. Cascade Power Development. When contemplating the creation of storage on lake Minnewanka, the question was raised as to whether it would be feasible to build a power plant in connection with the storage scheme and produce electrical power for con- sumption in Banff. Banff, together with the storage basin and drainage area developed, lies entirely within the boundaries of Rocky Mountains park, and as the aft"airs of the town are administered by the Dominion Government, through the Parks Branch, Department of the Interior, the same authorities should carry out the work; surveys were accordingly made with this end in view. General. The canyon of the Cascade river, in which it is proposed to develop power, lies directly below the junction between the Cascade and Devil's creek, the latter forming the outlet of lake Minnewanka. The area tri]:»utary to the river at this point is approximately 220 square miles, of which lake ]\Iinnewanka forms about 6 square miles. The greater portion of this basin lies at considerable altitudes, the entire water supplj'- coming from mountain streams, springs, and glaciers. BOW RIVER POWER AyD STORAGE 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e At the entrance to the canyon (see reproduction, page 66), and just below the confluence of the two creeks, a dam was built last year to produce storage upon lake Minnewanka and improve the power facilities of the Bow river. The site of the proposed power plant is about 7 miles from the town of Banff; communication with the latter place being had by means of a well-kept and travelled road; this road, which also passes through Bankhead, the nearest point on the railroad about 3 miles distant, terminates at the lake. Water Supply. Any development at this point will be entirely under the jurisdiction of the Government, as the whole project lies wholly within the Rocky Mountains park, so that all privileges such as land, water, rights of way, are vested in the Crown. The natural conditions on the river no longer apply, since the storage and regulation works are complete and in operation, but the influence of these works upon the operation of a power plant at the point contemplated will, however, be entirely beneficial. When the agreement was entered into between the Minister of the Interior and the Calgary Power Company, it was expected that the company would not be the only beneficiaries from the storage created, but that it was possible other plants might be built upon the river and receive benefits, a clause was' therefore inserted in the agreement enabling the Minister to control the operation of the dam; this clause saj's: — • "The company shall after the completion of the dam, maintain and operate the same to the satisfaction of the Minister. . . ." In connection with the necessary discharge of water from storage, sub- clause "d" of clause 17 reads: — "The company shall, if required by the Minister, allow a minimum, amount of water of 150 cubic feet per second to pass through the dam, which the Government may use for power purposes within the Rocky Mountains park; and the release of such water through the dam shall at all times be under the full control of the Minister or person or persons duly authorized by him for that purpose." Any development on the Cascade below the dam, will therefore be assured of a minimum flow of 150 second-feet. During the early part of the flood season, the storage of water will take place; this will, it is expected, be completed not later than July 15 in any season, after which date water will be wasted over the dam. A flow greater than 150 second-feet is practically assured during part of July, August and September, so that the greatest power would be available during the summer months, when the tourist traffic is greatest and the consequent power load heaviest — a very fortunate combination of circumstances. Available Power. At the instance of the department, provision was made during the con- struction of the storage dam to use the structure as a head works for the con- templated power plant below; the dam produces at least half the head to be developed, the other half being due to the natural fall in the river between the dam and power site. As the pond above the dam is primarily for storage purposes, there will necessarily be fluctuation in level; this will. not, however, affect the head unfavourably, for the low working head will occur during the winter months, during which period the load will be small. A study of the question of water supply has been made and the conclusions reached have been included in another portion of the report. 66 DEPARTME1:i„„ burplus T->„fi„:<. Uericit ourplus «„„, I JJeiicit a „. flA^ flow, ; n^ flow. Flow c.f.s. 150 150 150 542 624 411 226 166 221 150 150 150 150 1.5U 150 150 538 538 95 806 492 Flow ac.-ft. flow, c.f.s. ac.-ft. flow, c.f.s. acre- feet. 5.850 47,980 4,870 58,700 492 'Started fill- i ing May 1. 25,370 Reservoir ! filled Jul\' 5. 474 29,160 261 15,5.50 76 4.672 16 953 71 4,366 80,071 48 83 151 9,285 598 j 35,600 388 13,850 60 3,743 2,953 4,943 11,699 53,735 388 388 lO.OOU 23,850 Started fill- ing May 1. Reservoir filled July 18. 55,990 acre-feet would be wasted, after providing for a continuous flow of 200 c.f.s. Through the low-water period, 26,130 acre-feet would have to be released from storage to ensure a continuous flow of 200 second-feet. While this is in excess of the amount of .storage in the lower 4 feet, it is reasonable to suppose that part would be provided by water released for the Calgary Power Company's own purposes. Beginning to store on May 1, 1912, that basin would be filled by July 29. This is assurance that, should the department find it necessary to increase the output of the contemplated i)lant at any future time, a flow of 200 c.f.s. can be obtained by making use of the additional storage. Further, the possibility of any diflficulty ari.-^ing from the regulation of discharge from storage for power purposes in the Bow river is practically eliminated., the department being in a position to offer return for any overdraft on the storage PLATE XII LAKE MINXEWAXKA STORxVGK Hydrograph of Mean Monthly Flow . from January 1911 to August 1912 Condrtions imposed by^^onstant Run Off of ISO Sec. Ft. PLATE XI 1 900 1 1 If 1 ■ : ' 1 •CO 1 ' I TOO 1 M. 1 j S eoo ^ fi ~1 ■ --' ;? 500 = 1 L 4O0 ' '^ 1 i y ' * j 0 z — 0 HI 300 ■■\ .J in --Pi- 1 yrr. : : J i : - ■- ■ 1 • : fOO i Cor^Stjnt ^„„ : ofr Po»*«r ( ! ,00 1 . s- "■^o* )!' 00 f LL Lj ^ : : J ''. ^^ 1 "5 1 ~-t - 1911 F t ,'i ,i i ° 1 iS , 1 < s 12 < !4 ^ -H BOW RIYER POWER AND STORAGE 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e basin at the beginning of the low-water season, and in this way each water user may aid the other, and the discharge may be so adjusted as to be of the greatest mutual benefit. The storage of 44,000 acre-feet in lake IMinnewanka provides for a con- tinuous flow for five months of 150 c.f.s. (see diagram, Plate No. 13), nearly all of this will become available for use in the power section of the Bow river; any loss due to evaporation may be neglected, for after the basin is once filled there is more than enough flow to keep it full, and when the lake freezes, this loss is practically stopped. Under the general head of evaporation, all losses are included; that due to ice is the largest and the most difficult of determination. The storage in the lake, which is held in the form of ice, is not all available until the latter end of April, or even later, though doubtless the greater part of it will become available before the general flood takes place on the river. Table No. 13. Lake Minnewanka Storage. Records of Flow and Storage with a 200 Second-feet Draw-off Capacity 58,900 Acre-feet. Month. I9II. January . . . February . March April May June July 1-12. July 13-31.. August Septoniber. October November. December.. 1912. January . . . February. March April May June July 1-29. July 30-31. August Mean Flow c.f.s. Allowing 200 c.f.s. Continuous Flow. Flow past j To fill reservoir. r'ower- [ station 122 101 104 118 24.5 956 642 642 624 411 226 166 221 149 85 102 67 301 748 538 538 538 Flow c.f.s. 200 200 200 642 624 411 226 200 221 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 538 Quan- tity in a c. -feet. 45 756 442 Surplus flow Surplus flow in ac.-ft. 44,970 10,530 58,180 101 6,130 548 32,630 338 19,450 58,210 442 424 211 26 15, 780 26,050 12,560 1,600 Deficit flow c.f.s. Deficit flow acre- feet. Remarks. 21 1 ,290 57,280 44 338 338 1,340 20,780 51 115 98 133 2,620 3,180 6,390 6,030 7,910 26,130 Stiirted fill- ing May 1. Reservoir filled July 12. Started fij ing May Reservoir filled July 29. Influence of Winter Conditions on Discharge from Storage. The dissipation of storage through the formation of ice, and the extent of its influence has required considerable attention. During the winter 1912-1913, a study was made of the situation. The release of water from lake Minnewanka the last winter was not attended with unmixed success from the 84 DEPART.UEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 power standpoint. One reason for this was the distance between the storage basin and the point of utilization, approximately twenty-four hours being required for water from the lake to reach the power station, thus close regulation was prevented; a scheme is now on foot to remedy this. Another adverse influence was the formation of ice in the bed of the Cascade river, and overflow of the valley. This condition existed to a very marked degree between Bank- head and the junction with the Bow, for as is the case with all rapidly flowing open streams during extreme cold weather, large quantities of frazil ice was formed in the Cascade; this ice formed blockades, dammed back the river, flood- ing the flats where the water was turned into ice. Nearly the whole of the section referred to was covered with a sheet of ice, extending across the valley. In places this ice field was two or three hundred yards across and of a depth of 3 feet. Where the valley was more confined, the sheet was not so wide, but was as much as 7 feet thick (see reproductions, pages 19 and 25). No doubt, the formation of anchor ice had something to do with the flooding, but frazil appears to have been the greatest cause, coupled with other conditions. From a study of the discharge curve of lake Minnewanka during the winter, together with the temperature curve for the same period, the following con- clusions have been drawn. During the periods of comparatively mild weather, little water was flowing in the river, the channel became very much restricted and clogged with the ice margins and hard snow. Directly a cold snap came, a considerable quantity of water was released, frazil formed, and blocked up the restricted channels, the flats, overflowed and froze, causing ice fields. From an examination of the other streams in the vicinity, this explanation is apparently confirmed, because little evidence of overflow and ice formation existed at the end of the reason. The normal flow apparently did not have the same effect as that of a regulated stream where little water flowed during normal, and large quantities during severe weather. It is expected, in view of this, that with a plant in Cascade below the dam, and a consequent continuous flow of considerable volume, little difiiculty will be experienced from ice after the plant is installed. The loss of water due to ice formation in the stream is rather a loss of regula- tion than actual loss of water, as nearly all eventually becomes available during the latter end of the low-water period, the ice in the streams disappearing long before the high-water period. ft'tZ EI. EMk i*^ I SPRAY LAKE AND RIVER. [ ElMWEKl'^.. ..:- ". General. The Spray river, one of the largest tributaries of the Bow west of Calgary, joins that stream in the Rocky Mountains park, at Banff, just below the Spray falls on the Bow. Flowing from the south, it enters the Bow valley between mount Rundle and Sulphur mountain; it is between 40 and 50 miles long from source to mouth, and has a drainage area of 310 square miles. About 8 miles above the mouth, the river branches, one branch, the east and smallest, flows from the valley between mount Rundle and Goat mountain. The west branch comes down the valley on the other side of the Goat range. The fall in the river is fairly regular, about 40 feet per mile, the valley is very narrow and the banks are very high and precipitous. From the junction up- stream for about 17 miles, this branch flows through a narrow valley between the Goat range and the range to the west, and the total drop in the distance is 750 feet. In this stretch there are very few creeks of any size coming in; the possibility of power has not been investigated, but it is quite possible that a limited amount, such as that to be developed on the Cascade in connection with the storage at lake Minnewanka, might be developed. BOW RITER POWER AND STORAGE 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e At the end of this stretch of the river, it breaks up into three branches, the main branch from the south, one which forms the outlet of the Spray lakes and Hogarth creek. (See reproduction, page 95). The principal branch is from the south. About 5 miles above the lakes it divides into two branches, one to the east heading on the main continental divide in a small lake, and the other from the west having its source in a small lake under mount Assiniboine. The fall in these two branches is considerable but no records are available as to the slope. Hogarth creek is rather small, and flows between the Spray and Kananaskis ranges, heading on the divide between the Spray and Kananaskis rivers. Spray River Canyon (Looking Upstream), Lakes. Photo by K. H. Smith. The Spray lakes, three in number, lie to the north of the river. They are connected with it by a stream about half-a-mile in length, which enters just below the mouth of Hogarth creek. The lakes lie in the main valley between high mountains, and are connected by small streams. The lower and largest lake is 301 acres in extent, and lies at an elevation of over 5,000 feet, given on the maps as 5,396, but assumed for purposes of survey at 5,200 feet. The 86 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Second lake, which is 37 feet higher than the first, is 143 acres in extent, and the third has an area of 17 acres, and is 3 feet higher than the second lake. The total area of the lakes is 461 acres. Photo by K. H. Smith. Spray River Canyon (looking down stream). Reconnaisance. A reconnaisance was made of these lakes in July, 1911, but it was not until July, 1912, that any work was done there. At that time a small party was put in the field, consisting of an (Migineer and two assistants, a cook, and a packer with a pack train. The surrounding country, i while wooded to a considerable extent, is fairly open, the timber being generally dry, and stantling, permitting the use of a plane table, by which method the whole valley Avas developed. The reconnai; sance revealed the fact that the general topography of the country surrounding the lakes lont itself to the creation of storage. The main branch of the Spray at this point comes from the south, is joined by Hogarth creek from the east and the outlet of the lakes from the north ; and at the junction of these creeks a wide valley is formed. About one-quarter-of-a-mile from the lower lake, just below the junction of the branch from the lakes and the main stream, the river leaves the valley through a narrow canyon, the walls of which BOW RIVER POWER AND 8T0BA0B 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e are of rock formation, covered,, to a greater or less extent, by soil and detritus, and are wooded. These walls rise on a slope of not less than 60°, to a height of at least 300 feet, the rock outcrops being nearly perpendicular for a great por- tion of their height. (See reproductions, pages 85 and 86). This canyon extends downstream about a mile, the stream falling rapidly; the width at the water level is from 60 to 150 feet, and at an elevation of 150 feet above the water, between 400 and 450 feet. There is evidence of rock above this point, and on the south side an outcrop appears at an elevation of over 160 feet above water level, and extends up and down stream as far as was examined. The rock on the south is of limestone formation, and appears to dip towards the south, and is overlaid to a considerable depth with a glacier deposit. On tha north side the rock resembles a sandstone formation, the valley having been formed apparently in the fault between the two formations as on the north side the dip is practically vertical; the rock rises higher, and is overlaid to a greater -depth than on the south side, the outcrop appearing at least 200 feet above the level of the water. The conclusion reached from the reconnaissance was that, by placing a dam in this can3'on, as near the mouth as practicable, considerable storage could be developed in the basin behind. Survey. The survey made of the basin in the summer of 1912 was made with the object of verifying the conclusions reached in reconnaissance. The work was done as rapidly as possible by plane table, and with a degree of accuracy commensurate with the object in view. Special attention was paid to the canyon, which was contoured with care, with the object of locating several dam sites, all rock outcrops, etc., were located in order that fairly close estimates might be made of the probable cost of control structures. A careful studj^ was made of the canyon at the time the survey was com- menced, and it was decided to make the 5,300 feet contour (lake level, 5,200), the limiting elevation, as far as the structure in the canyon was concerned, though it was not certain at the time that this would not lead to difficulties in other parts of the valley. With this in mind, the contours were developed by the plane table, particular attention being given to the 5,250, 5,275 and 5,300 contours, though sufficient information was taken to develop the intermediate ones at 10 foot intervals. The method pursued was to run traverses with the plane table, rnaking use of two rod men, sometimes the packer was pressed into service. Vertical angles were read. No attempt was made to follow out a contour by horizontal shots, but by controlling all the changes in the ground, and sketching, on the ground, the country was developed. Frequent checks were made to eliminate errors. When the sheets were finally assembled, it was found that the traverses closed well within the permissible error for such work, and frequent checking for elevation exhibited the same condition. In referring to this basin it seems well to draw attention to this method of survey. Where the country is of such a nature that control of the ground may be had, there is no doubt that the plane table will give results quite accurate enough for preliminary work and if extra care is taken, results may be obtained upon which final estimates for the creation of storage may be based. The personnel of the party has been given before, but is repeated: one plane table man (engineer in charge), two rodmen, one handy man, one packer, and eight pack horses; on moving days the handyman acted as packer, and at odd times he 88 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915- cooked and, when the party was working in timber, he acted as axeman. This party operated 30 miles from the base of supplies. Including the time of moving in and out, and actual work in the field, but excluding the cost of the work of the chief engineer, the work was done at a cost of 25 cents per acre, which, considering the value of the data secured, is very reasonable. Area and Capacity. The area contoured was roughly eight and one half miles long and three- quarters of a mile wide, giving inside the 5,300 contour, an area of 3,024 acres. This includes the three lakes in the valley and also the falls on the main branch of the river. The area inside the 5,275 contour is 2,429 acres; inside the 5,250 contour, the area is 1,755 acres; and inside the 5,220-foot contour the area is 729 acres. The quantity of water that could be stored below each contour is 171,129, 102,829, 49,986 and 11,880 acre-feet, respectively. A curve giving the contents of the basin at each foot of elevation shows that the storage capacity increases much more rapidly at the top of the reservoir than at the bottom. This curve, which is remarkably regular, emphasizes the advantage in storage capacity to be gained by raising the control works as high as possible. The assumption has been made in this report that the basin will have its upper level at 5,300, giving, in round numbers, a total storage of 171,000 acre-feet; of this amount, 160,000 acre-feet has been made the basis of all calculations,, the remainder it is assumed being dissipated as evaporation or otherwise. Discharge. The gauging station on the Spray river, established in Julj'', 1910, is located about 100 yards above the junction with the Bow, and in consequence the total discharge of the river is measured at that point. The records have been kept continuously since the establishment of the station, except for the month of November, 1910. The only stream of consequence entering the Spray between the gauging station and the lakes, is the branch coming in at the end of Goat mountain ; the discharge from this stream forms, however, but a small proportion of the total flow. The river heads for the most part in the glaciers and snow fields of the summit range, so that it is safe to assume that fully three-fifths of its discharge comes from above the entrance to the canyon, near the Spray lakes. The results of the gaugings are tabulated and included with data of a like nature. A diagram (see plate No. 5) shows graphically the mean monthly dis- charge of the river over the period recorded. The discharge for the period, October 1, 1910, to October 1, 1911, excluding November, 1910, is 398,687 acre- feet; it may therefore be assumed that the discharge was well over 400,000 acre-feet for the whole period. The records do not extend over a sufficient period to enable any definite conclusions to be drawn, but the amount of water avail- able for storage during the high-water period is estimated to be about twice that of the capacity of the storage basin. From the discharge tables it will be seen that the minimum mean monthly discharge for the period recorded was 108 c.f.s. in March, 1912. The maximum mean monthly flow was 2,011 c.f.s. in June, 1911. The absolute minimum daily flow recorded was 75 c.f.s. on March 29, 1912, and the maximum daily discharge was 2,640, June 18, 1911. It is interesting to note that the period of minimum flow is apparently during the month of March rather than February, as in the other streams, but whether this will always hold true, and the reason for it, is not apparent. BOW RITER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 89 I 000991 OOOOSI 000921 OOOOEI 000901 c T o 00006 ^ O O IT) (/) 0009^ c c o o 00009 0009f 00002 OOOSI Contents Curve Spray Lake Storage Basin To accompany report on Power & Storage Investigations by M.C Hendry. B.A.Sc. Jan . 1913 \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ I \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ y [ \ \ V \ \ vl °S°9°°oooooooooo •OK) C\J(>JfU<\JfUPJ MCMOJ ?Cl- — ^ - Lr)ir)inwnmif)inmmir)ir)ioiriLnLftir> L|DU! 1 —1} 0£ sjno;uoo 0 90 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Storage Operation. Another diagram, Plate No. 14, has been prepared showing certain con- ditions of filling and emptying the storage basin based upon the recorded discharge of the river. In this connection it was necessary to make some assumptions as to the amount of water to be discharged during the operation of filling the reser- voir, a discharge of 316 c.f.s. was therefore provided for, and the length of time necessary to fill the reservoir, and the amount of water wasted in excess of this flow was computed. It has been assumed that during the high-water period of 1910, the reservoir was filled; at the beginning of November, water was first released from storage and added to the mean monthly flow. The distance of the basin from any point, other than one on the Spray river at which the water could be used for power purposes, is great, so any attempt at close regulation would be futile. It would only be possible to regu- late upon the basis of a continuous flow of the Spray river itself, and it is upon this basis that the diagram for the stream has been compiled. Assuming that the intention is to augment the flow of the Bow river during the months in which low water occurs, would mean a flow from storage during six months of the year or from November 1 to May 1. With 160,000 acre-feet of available storage, a continuous flow of 446 c.f.s. could be maintained, adding the mean monthly flow of the river during these same months, and assuming that a con- tinuous uniform flow is maintained, it would be possible to secure a discharge of 635 c.f.s.; making the same assumptions, and using the same reasoning, during the low-water period, 1911-12, 607 c.f.s. would be the continuous uni- form flow for the period. On the assumption that a flow of 316 c.f.s. is being provided during the storing period, and that filling the basin commences on May 1, it is found that for the year 1911 the basin could have been filled by July 23, 171,000 acre-feet being stored. From the time of filling to the time of commencing to discharge from storage, 64,937 acre-feet would be wasted in excess of the flow of 316 c.f.s. provided. From the year 1912, sufficient data are not to hand to compute the time of filling and the amount of waste. Creation, of Storage. .. The best storage scheme in the Bow basin is undoubtedly that at the Spray lakes, though the proposition is not an easy one. The amount of additional water that could be made available would form a considerable percentage of the present low flow. The size of the structure involved is great so that considerable care and thought will have to be exercised in the final design and construction; it is quite possible that if the proposition is undertaken, the general scheme as advanced now will require modification in many ways. With the information that is now available it is. however, considered that the creation of the amount of storage assumed is feasible, from both an engineering and economic stand-point. Type of Structure. The estimates for the cost of creating this storage basin are based upon the design of a hydraulic-fill type of dam. Hydraulic-Fill Dams. The hydraulic-fill type of dam belongs essentially to the western mining districts, especially California. It was in connection with the mining operations carried on there by means of sluices and hydraulic giants, or "monitors" that PLATE XIV 90 diti oft the voii nee flov 191 rele riv< attt lat( thif the wh the sto mo tin of du) for sto for bei fro pre tin lal wa th< th< po no av as{ th di; ca now RlVFAl POWER A^' D STOIMdl-! 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e the methods of excavating, transporting, and phicing material to form a dam was originated, and it might be said that to the engineers of that section of the coun- try belongs the credit of raising the method to its present high plane. This type of dam is not confined to structures of low height, there being examples in existence of dams, built by this method, of heights varying from 77 feet to over 200 feet. Dams of this type are built of clay, gravel, rock and sand, which has been excavated and placed in position in the structure by means of water conveyed in pipes or sluices. Generally speaking, the material is excavated by the sam.e agent, streams of water at a high velocity being directed against the material in its natural bed. Mr. J. D. Schuyler, an authorit}^ on the subject, has, in a paper before the American Society of Civil Engineers, gone into the subject thoroughly. He has described in detail a number of dams of this type, amongst which are the fol- lowing (Trans. Am. Soc. C.E., vol. LVIII) : — 1. Crane Valley dam. 2. Terrace dam. 3. Lake Francis dam. 4. Tyler dam. 5. Como Lake dam. 6. Necaxa dam. To this list may be added the Coquitlam dam in British Columbia, which is of particular interest, being a Canadian example. Site. The site of the proposed dam at Spray lakes, as has been mentioned before, lies in a narrow canj^on near the outlet of the lake. The banks or walls of the canyon are composed of rock (limestone), which rises at an angle of about 60° to a height of approximately 170 feet. Above that elevation the banks are of a glacial deposit, composed of clay, gravel, sand and boulders, overlying the rock on the south side to a depth of from 50 to 100 feet, and on the north side to a much greater height, the slope being almost as steep as the lower part. The rock at the lower level of the canj^on is completely buried in places by material from above, and only appears as an outcrop on the south side. On the north side it presents a rock face for 100 feet in the height,, here the rock is rather badl}^ decomposed. At elevation 5,300 or 140 feet abovethe water level, the width of the canyon is 380 feet. The above conditions may be considered ideal from the standpoint of a hydraulic-fill dam. The surroundings are such that good borrow pits could be had near the site, and at such a height above the work, that no difficulty would be experienced in regard to grades in the sluices; an ample water supply exists in the river, which would of course need to be pumped. The matter of unwatering th^ site during construction is comparatively easy. The proximity of rock to the surface would permit of the construction of a tunnel of comparatively short length, which could 1)C built with tho ulti- mate object of discharging the storage. Hydraulic-Fill j\L\tekials Regarding what constitutes a good material for this class of construction, the following extracts are taken from Mr. Schu>'ler"s paper, Transaction Am, Soc. C.E., vol. LVHI, quoted l)efore. He says: — "As far as the writer's experience has gone, it is his opinion that the best material for hydrauiic-fill dams is rounded gravel, sand and boulders, intermixed with about 25 to 35 per cent, of clay. The rounded 92 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 rocks roll more readily than broken angular chips, and clay acts as a lubricant to assist in transporting the heavier materials. "The most difficult material with which to build such a dam is pure clay unmixed with sand, because it is unstable until the water is drained from the mass, and drainage is slow. The shrinkage, therefore, is much greater than in other materials, and there is greater likelihood of the opening of shrinkage cracks, months after the work is finished, through which leakage could start if the dam were put in service too soon after completion. When claj'- is finally consolidated, however, it makes a dam which can have no superior for water-tightness. "As a core for coarser and more stable materials, clay is extremely desirable, and its presence with sand, gravel, and rock in sufficient pro- portion to form one-fourth to one-third of the volume of the dam to be segregated by water and placed in the centre of the mass, makes it more easily worked, more useful, and more valuable for safe dam construc- tion than in any greater proportions. "While clay is doubtless the most impervious of all earth, it is not indispensable in the building of water-tight dams. The volcanic ash soil of the Snake River Valley has none of the characteristics of clay, and yet it is so finely divided as to make a water-tight embankment when properly moistened and compacted. Glacial flour, which has no resemblance to clay, will also make an equally good clam." The creating of storage at Spray lakes, with whatever type of structure that may ultimately be decided upon, involves the question of transportation. Situated as the site is, up in the mountains, and at a distance of 30 miles by trail from Banff, the expense of transporting materials such a distance over mountain roads would be great, and there is the initial expense of building at least 20 miles of new road; any scheme of construction therefore which reduces the amount of materials to be transported is worthy of consideration. It has been estimated that the cost of cement landed at the site of tho work would be at least S6 per barrel by the cheapest method of transportation, i.e., in winter, when the roads would be good and the loads hauled large; co icrete construction, with cement at such a figure, would be very expensive. A hydraulic-fill dam would reduce the amount of material to be transported to a minimum. The amount of material to be placed in the structure is greatly in excess of that for a concrete dam, but there is no comparison between the unit cost for the methods, there being contracts on record where the price for this kind of work has been 18 cents per cubic yard. Mr. Schuyler, in his paper (vol. LVIII, Trans. Am. Soc. C.E.) quoted before, says regarding this method: — • "While economy in first cost is certainly a most potent factor in governing the choice of methods of doing any work, it is by no means the only reason which has led the writer to advocate a widespread and general use of the hydraulic-fill method of dam construction. He regards its superiority as consisting largely in the ability afforded to utilize materials which would be otherwise unfit or unsuitable due to the assort- ing, grading and separation of different classes of material, by reason of the dissolving action of moving water and its varying velocities, which are entirely controllable, and which permit the deposition of the several grades in making a stable dam. By this means, the course, friction- bearing stable materials may be placed on the exterior slopes, and the finer particles may be assembled in the centre of the mass to serve as a puddle core, and the ease and simplicity with which this may be done constitutes one of the strongest possible reasons aside from that of economy in cost, for using this method. In fact, by this process it becomes practic- BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e able, with care and skill, to build a safe and stable dam of materials which would otherwise be considered valueless. As nature does not always mingle her materials in the proper proportions to make them fit for forming a water-tight embankment without proper segregation; this selection and separation cannot usually be made by the ordinary process at practicable cost." Construction. The first consideration in construction of this kind, is the question of water supply under pressure. This is obtained in one of two methods — either by means of a gravity supply at an elevation above the work sufficient to insure a good working pressure, or by pumping; the former method is the cheaper. The pressure is, of course, of prime importance, and as a rule at least 100 pounds per square inch is required with a discharge up to 20 cubic feet per second. Where the supply of water and the pressure is secured by pumping, power has to be secured. At this site, so far as is known, there is no adequate gravity supply of water available; it is therefore proposed to obtain the required supply of pump- ing, a method for which the site is well adapted. Power for Construction Purposes. At the upper end of the basin, and in the main branch of the river, there is a fall with an available head of 50 feet. The flow varies, but during the season when sluicing could be done, the amount available would be between 150 and 200 second-feet. When the basin is filled, the fall will be drowned out, but during constructicn it would be available for power. It is proposed to install a temporary power plant at this fall. This could be done very economically, and such a plant would supply all the power necessary for the construction of the dam; the fall is about a mile and a half from the site of the proposed work, so the transmission lines would be short. Altogether, the site seems peculiarly adapted to this type of construction. Dam. The dam would occupy the same position as of that proposed for a masonry dam, i.e., about 2,500 feet from the mouth of the canyon. It would be 380 feet long on top and 30 feet wide, and from foundation to crest, the total height would be IGO feet. A design has been prepared of the structure, and quantities estimated. The upstream slope is 3 to 1, and the downstream 2 to 1. Riprapping is also included for each slope, but owing to the material this may be found to be unnecessary. A rock toe is proposed at the up and down stream side of the dam. The necessity for a core wall in the heart of the dam cannot be definitely decided until the foundation is uncovered. Regarding the advisability of the use of a core wall in connection with hydraulic-fill dams there seems to be a wide difference of opinion; there is no lack of examples of both the use and omission of core walls. The Terrace dam and Necaxa dam No. 2 are good examples of the use of core walls; in the former case the wall fills the lower part of the canyon and rises to a height of 70 feet, and in the latter case the core wall extends down through the underlying material to an impervious stratum and rises to within a short distance of the original surface of the ground. On the other hand, a notable example where the core wall is omitted though not entirely is the Coquitlam dam in British Columbia, at the outlet of Coquitlam lake. The core wall being only built on the side of the confining valley where rock is in place. 25e— 8 94 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 In connection with the need of core walls, in a discussion of the paper before quoted, Mr. Schuyler says:— "The fixed objection which the writer has to a core wall of masonry or concrete in the centre of an earth dam, especially of large dimensions, is that it introduces an element entirely foreign to the nature of the body of the earth structure, acting as a huge knife to sever it in half, destroying its homogeneity, and preventing the complete knitting [of the mass as a whole in a manner that must best subserve the purpose for which it was built. A core wall must necessarily be built compara- tively thin to be reasonable in cost, and must be subject to the minor defects of construction incident to all such work, and subject also ^to rupture from the possible uneven settlement of the earth on either side of it." The placing of a core wall in the dam depends upon the nature of the material upon which it is founded. If based upon an impervious stratum of clay, or material to which a good bond may be secured, its introduc- tion seems unnecessary. On the other hand, where the dam is placed upon rock, it would appear that some method should be used to prevent possible percolation along the line of contact, either by trenches filled with material bonded to the dam, and homogeneous with it, or by a low core wall. Mr. Schuyler gives it as his opinion that: "A core wall of moderate height in an earth dam founded on bedrock, is a most useful and necessary element to form a bond between the earth embankment and the bedrock on which it rests, but for this purpose it does not need to be carried higher above the rock surface than is reasonably necessary to form such a bond." It is proposed to make the unwatering tunnel serve the double purpose of taking care of the flow of the river during construction, and of serving as a means of discharging the water from storage when complete. This tunnel will be placed in the solid rock at the north end of the dam, the entrance at the upper end being constructed with proper intake structure, and the tunnel lined throughout with concrete. The discharge will be controlled by suitable valves placed in a chamber excavated in the rock, and situated above the tunnel, access to which will be by means of a shaft sunk from the surface at some distance from the dam. This tunnel will be of ample size to take care of any flood discharge that may occur. Spillway. A spillway to supplement the sluice tunnel at times of excessive flood may be provided at either end of the dam, depending upon the nature of the material encountered. Dimensions. The dimensions, on which the estimate of cost given later is based, are here given : — Length on crest 380 feet. Top width 30 " Height 160 " Upstream slope 3:1 Downstream slope 2:1 Contents 550,000 cubic yards. Tunnel: — Length 900 feet. Section 1,548 square feet. Maximum estimated flood, 20 c.f.s., per square mile 4,000 c.f.s. The cost of the dam itself has been based upon the above figures. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE > 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Clearing. The total area to be flooded is 3,024 acres. Of this amount, 464 acres is water surface, the remainder being covered to a greater or less extent with timber, etc. Spray River (above Canyon). Taken by K. H. Smith. A large part of the country in the l)asin lias been burned over (see repro- duction page 95), but not completely, leaving the trunks standing. The heaviest stand of dry timl)er occurs between the lakes and the south end of the basin; here the timber is mostly jackpine, running from 16 inches to 20 inches in diameter, and fairly straight; a second growth of jackpine has appeared, but it is for the most part small, though thick in places. The part lying above the junction with Hogarth creek is fairly clear; the part between the mouth of the canyon and the proposed dam site has been well covered with jackpine, but a considerable ciuantity has been cut for mine props within the last year. In the district surrounding the lakes, the standing growth is generally green and of small size, though scattered clumps of jackpine and spruce ranging from 10 inch(;s to 20 inches are to be found. The locati(jn and kind of trees is indicated upon the plans of the area, and in estimating the cost of the storage, 25e— 8^ 96 DEPAETME-ffT OF THE ULTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 the cost of clearing has been included. No attempt has been made to separate the open areas from the timbered, estimates being made on the basis that the total atea not under water, i.e., an area of 2,560 acres, is to be cleared. Trails. Upon the creation of storage at Spray lakes, it will be necessary to relocate some of the trails. For the most part, the trail along the west side of the lower lake will be undisturbed, but a change of location of the trail coming from White Man's pass at the upper end of the valley will be necessary, also of the trail leading from the lakes to mount Assiniboine. It will be necessary to locate a new trail around the east side of the basin leading to Kananaskis lakes and up Hogarth creek, also around the south end of the basin, branching off from the mount Assiniboine trail. These changes will involve little work, and may be done at small cost. Spray Lake. Temporary Power Plant. rhoto by K. H. Smith. ..... The Spray falls, which will be flooded out when the storage basin is created, has a direct drop of 40 feet; immediately above the main fall are a series of BOW RIVER POWER Ay D STORAGE ; 97 SESSIONAL, PAPER No. 25e cascades of from 1 to 3 feet each, so that by going upstream a few hundred feet the available head could be increased to 50 feet. There are a number of points where the stream flows over the exposed rock and at one of these places, the river can be easily intercepted by a temporary dam across the stream, a structure about 100 feet long being necessary. In order that this head may be obtained, a conduit 1,000 feet long would be necessary; this could be an open flume. In order that difficulties of transportation may be reduced as much as possible, it is proposed to use two units of about 400 b.h.p. each. An estimate has been made of the probable cost of this plant, and included in the cost of the dam. The gross available head for the plant is 50 feet, and the estimated dis- charge during the working season 200 c.f.s.; this is taken in place of the low flow because with the exception of work on the sluice tunnel, little work could be done during the winter months. Head 50 feet. Discharge 200 " E.h.p 800 Proposed installation 2 — 400 h.p. turbines. 2 — 225 k.w. generators Construction Road. Besides the construction of the dam and other preliminary construction required, it will be necessary to build in the neighbourhood of 20 miles of wagon road; of this, about 7 or 8 miles will involve considerable grading, the remainder being comparatively easy of construction. At present there exists a good road from Banff to the junction of the two branches at the end of the Goat mountain; from there the best route for a road to the lake follows up the north branch, and into the valley by the north end of the lakes. The part from the end of Banff road to about a mile east of White Man's pass would be the most difficult of construction. Estimated Cost of Creating Storage. ■ ■•;--•■, ^ 1. Roads, camps and telephone $25,000.00 2. Temporary power plant (800 h.p.) 30,000.00 3. Excavations and preparation of foundations, etc.. . . 40,000.00 4. Sluice tunnel and control works - 117,000.00 5. Dam, 550,000 cubic yards, complete 165.000.00 6. Clearing of basin, 2,560 acres 38,000.00 7. Contingencies of construction 41 ,500.00 8. Engineering and Inspection 28,000 .00 9. Interest during construction, etc 29,500.00 Total $514,000.00 Cost $3 per acre-foot. ; BOW LAKE STORAGE. ! General. Bow lake at the head of Bow river is at an -altitude af nearly 6,500 feet above sea-level, and may be considered the source of the river. On the south side of the lake the mountains rise from the water's edge from 2,500 to 3,000 feet. 96 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 but on the north and east sides the slope is gentle, the valley wide, and the moun- tains not so high. About 3 miles to the north west of the lake, is Bow pass at an elevation of 6,870 feet, forming the upper limit of the Bow basin. The mountains to the south and west of the lake are for the most part per- petually snow-capped, immense fields of snow lie upon the top of Bow peak, mount St. Nicholas, and others in the vicinity; these feed the two glaciers that discharge into the lake. These two glaciers are the famous Crowfoot and Bow glaciers. (See reproduction page 99.) The former is the smallest and very beautiful, deriving its name from the form it takes; it enters from the south, the foot of the glacier being within a hundred yards of the lake shore. Bow glacier lying at the west end of the lake is much larger; the foot is one mile from the shore, the intervening distance being filled up with the debris from the glacier or moraine; over this the creeks from the forefoot find their way. Aeea. The lake is approximately 3 miles long, from east to west, and varies from a quarter of a mile to nearly a mile in width. (See reproduction page 98.) The lower portion about 100 acres in extent being 3 feet lower than the upper part, and connected with it by a creek of considerable width, from 100 to 200 yards wade. The total area of the lake is 800 acres and the area tributary to it roughh' 30 square miles; lying as it does at a comparatively high altitude, the drainage area is peculiar. The surrounding mountains are classed among the high peaks, Bow peak being slightly over 9,000 and the majority over 10,000 feet. Under these circumstances, it is to be expected that the run-off will occur to a great extent during the warmer part of the summer. Information as to the time of ice formation on the lake in the fall is not available, nor the approximate date on which the ice leaves the lake. Photo by M. C. Hendry. Bow Lake — Looking East. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Investigation. In the summer of 1911, when a general reconnaissance was made of the Bow basin, in the search for possible storage sites, Bow lake was included. After a general investigation of the lake and its surroundings and a rather careful ■examination of the outlet, it was decided that a survey in greater detail was justified. Accordingly a party was sent up to the lake in August, 1911. Owing to the difl&culty of transportation, and distance from the nearest base of sup- plies, Banff, it was decided not to survey the lake in any great detail but to work up thoroughly the outlet end of the lake. k _ jg; Wc. -.^m I 3^M^H^^P*tu woS^B (^F'^fl'if ^ Ifllf^lPf ^ Photo by M. C. Hendry. Bow Lake — Looking East and showing Ice Field above Crow Foot Glacier. A stadia traverse was run around the lower part of the lake, also around the upper part for part of the distance; the traverse was confined to one side only, points being located at frequent intervals on the opposite side by stadia and triangulation. Cross sections were taken of the banks of the lake at every station, with hand level and tape, and the shores of the lake contoured for a height of thirty feet. The outlet end of the lake was worked up in greater detail, a complete stadia survey being made and two dam lines located. In addition a couple of test pits were dug, revealing a very compact boulder clay overlying the rock in the vicinity of the dam site. Storage Capacity. The accompanying plans were plotted from the surveys made. A study of them revealed the fact that the height to which the water in the lake might be raised was governed by the height of the ridge of land to the north of the lower lake; this is at an elevation above 6,530, but in places drops below that elevation; by building a short embankment, however, the water might be raised to 6,530. This was therefore fixed upon as the upper level of the storage, the lower level being the present normal lake level. 100 DEPAETMWNT OF THE INTERIOR. 5 QEOBGE v., A. 19.15 The amount of storage secured by raising the water to elevation 6,530 is 27,411 acre-feet, equivalent to a discharge of 466 c.f.s. for one month of thirty- one days. Sources of Water Supply. The lake is fed from a number of sources, the two principal ones being the Bow and Crowfoot glaciers. The former discharges into the upper lake at the west end; the stream flowing from the glacier varies in size with the tempera- ture; where it enters the lake it breaks up into a number of small streams, which at time of examination would aggregate about 50 c.f.s.; this was visible discharge, but owing to the nature of the underlying material the underflow must bear a large ratio to the surface flow. At the northwest corner of the lake, a stream, which is the actual source of the Bow river, enters (see reproduction page 102) ; this rises about 3 miles west of the lake upon the Bow summit, and is for the most part spring fed; it has drainage area for several square miles and at the time of examination had a discharge of from 10 to 20 c.f.s. Along the north side of the lake there are a number of small creeks with a flow of frona 2 or 3 c.f.s. to 8 or 10 c.f.s. discharging into the lake; on the south side there are only two or three streams entering the lake, the principal one coming from the Crowfoot glacier; this had a discharge of 10 to 12 c.f.s. when examined. There is no doubt that springs discharging considerable quantities of water exist, as a number of pot holes of from 10 to 15 feet in depth are filled with water; these stand with the water about 10 feet above the lake level, and from the appearance of the water must receive their supply from an underground source. During the time the surveys of the lake were made in the latter part of August, the discharge from the lake was between 125 and 150 c.f.s.; earlier in the season this is, no doubt, very much exceeded. . Process of Filling. Measurement of the discharge from the Bow lake have not been made owing to the difficulty of access, and the foregoing figures are based upon estimates made of the different discharges; it is thus impossible to draw up diagrams showing the process of filling and emptying the proposed reservoit though certain conclusions have been arrived at. On the assumption of 27,411 acre-feet of storage, if the process of filling was commenced May 1 and continued during June, July and August, with a constant inflow into the basin, it would require 112 c.f.s. to fill the basin. There is therefore no reason to doubt that there is sufficient run-off into the lake to provide this amount of storage, and make up the loss due to evaporation. Manipulation of Storage. One objection to this storage basin, is its distance from the point of utiliza- tion, and in view of what has occurred during the winter of 1912-13, the objection appears to be a good one. There is also the question of attendance in connection with regulation and some method of communication; the objection to placing an attendant at the lake, during the winter, is the difficulty of securing a man who would be both suitable and willing to remain at the lake during the entire winter, for at this season it would be diflicult to get out and in. If a telephone was placed at the lake, a line would have to be built from Laggan, a distance of nearly 30 miles. It is proposed, however, to make special use of this storage; during the season just mentioned it was necessary to draw on the storage during November and December, and the water, would be badly needed during the early spring BOW RIVER POWER A^D STORAGE VA SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e months; the idea is, therefore, to release the water from Bow lake during November and December, or March and April, depending upon the season, the latter period being preferable as conditions are improving and the loss due to ice troubles would be reduced to a minimum. No attempt at regulation would be made, but a uniform discharge over a period of one month could be maintained. Any necessary regulation could then be made more easily by means of storage in closer proximity to the point of use. By operating in this way, the pervices of an attendant at the dam could be dispensed with, and the loss due to the formation of ice could to a large extent be overcome. Assuming that all the water would be released in one month, a continuous discharge of 466 c.f.s. would be secured at the lake. In arriving at the benefits to be derived from storage in the lower river, only a discharge of 400 c.f.s. has been used, it being assumed that the rest is lost between the point of storage and the point used. Dam. The site of the proposed structure is 400 feet downstream from the outlet of the lake. About that distance downstream the river makes a sharp bend to the left, and then again to the right, forming the letter "S." On the right hand side the bank rises steeply for a height of 15 feet, then slopes more gently, rising to an elevation of 35 feet above the water in a distance of 150 feet, where the solid rock is exposed, forming the banks of the river. On the left side the slope is more gentle, rising graduallj^ from the surface of the stream to a height of 35 feet in about 400; the rock is overlaid as on the other side by a glacial deposit of boulder clay; a short distance upstream, on the left side, the rock is exposed^ but not at the dam line. The stream at this point is fifty feet wide, and flows over boulders and gravel overlying the solid rock. The bedrock, where exposed on the left side, is a thinly-bedded limestone, and is badly disintegrated (see reproduction page 104). On the right hand side this is not the case, the rock exposed being in good condition. The structure involved in creating the storage will be a dam 650 feet long, the centre portion of which will be a hollow-type spillway section of concrete provided with sluiceways for discharging the water, and also providing for extra discharge if necessar3^ Spillway. The spill section would be placed in the bed of the stream, and from founda- tion to spillway elevation would be between 35 and 40 feet, depending upon the depth at which the solid rock lies. The spillway section will be provided with concrete wing walls at each end, and with either a concrete core-wall or steel sheet piling extending through the earth fill section. _ A provisional section has been prepared for estimating purposes, and is shown in the accompanying drawings. It is proposed to place three 4-foot by 4-foot sluices in the dam to provide for discharging the storage; these will be provided with suitable gates and operating mechanism and will provide for additional discharge should the 100 feet of spillway prove inadequate at flood time. This, however, is only a remote possibility as a run-off of 25 c.f.s. per square mile would only give a discharge of 750 c.f.s., while with an overtop of 1 foot the spillway would discharge 334 c.f.s. and with 2 feet overtop, 945 c.f.s. , Embankment. j At either end of the spillway section, the dam will be made up of an earth . embankment carefully built of boulder clay found in the immediate vicinity^ that on the right hand side 130 feet and on the left 400 feet long. The embank- ments will rise to elevation 6,535, or 5 feet above the upper level of the basin. 102 DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 The slopes of the embankments will be 2 : l,the upstream sides will be rip- rapped to a depth of 1 foot for the whole of the surface, and washed over with a cement grout, and they will be 10 feet wide on top. A concrete core wall or sheet-piling would be placed through the centre of the embankments, and joined to the wing walls of the spillway. Creek entering upper end of Bow Lake. Photo by M. C. Hendry. Bow Lake— Looking towards outlet. Photo by M. C. Hendry. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e In addition to these, it will be necessary to build an embankment opposite the outlet of the upper part of the lake at the point indicated on the plan; this will be 450 feet long and 8 feet high at the highest point. By placing the embankment at this point, water will be prevented from escaping down what is apparently an old bed of the river, lying to the north of the present one, and joining it about a mile-and-a-half downstream. Construction Difficulties. The creation of the storage at this point does not present any engineering difficulties. The greatest difficulty to be overcome is transportation; at present the only means of communication is by pack trail, and though a considerable length of new trail has recently been constructed, the cost to convert it into a wagon road would be prohibitive. Winter transportation seems to be the solution of the difficulty; during the summer all the Bow valley flats below Hector lake are soft, but in the Avinter, for little outlay, a first-class road could be built. Above Hector lake there are no difficulties to be encountered either in the way of hills or soft spots. Once the bottom was secured, heavy loads could be transported with ease, and the cost should not exceed $8,000 to $10,000 at the outside. Transportation being secured, the cost of undertaking would be small, supplies being placed on the ground during the winter and the work prosecuted during the summer. It would be possible, if proper precautions were taken, to place the central portion of the dam during the winter or low-water period. Estimated Cost. The estimated cost of construction is as follows: Clearing $5,500 Dam — Earth section 11 ,000 Rip-rap 4,300 Spill section 30,000 Wing walls 15,000 Core walls 8,000 Valves and installation 6 ,000 Excavation 1 ,200 Miscellaneous : Winter road 10,000 Engineering and contingencies, etc 14,000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 $ 105,000-00 Available storage 27,400 acre-feet. Cost, per acre-foot $3 83 104 DEPART mi: XT OF THE INTERIOR 5. GEO RGE v., .A. ,19:1 J5 Bow Lake rock at Dam site. Photo by M. C. Hendry. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e CHAPTER IX. ELBOW RIVER. General. The Elbow river is one of the chief tributaries of the Bow, to which it adds its waters within the limits of the City of Calgary; from source to mouth it is over 60 miles in length. It rises in the eastern slope of the Rockies, the source being near the main continental divide, and it has all the features of a mountain stream. The total drainage area of the Elbow river is 482 square miles, about 255 square miles of which lie above what may be termed the power-producing section. Near the head of the river, the drainage area is all at a considerable altitude, and, in consequence, the discharge is very susceptible to changes in temperature. The flood period occurs toward the latter end of yiay and during the month of June, when the flow of the stream is augmented by the water from the melting snow in the mountains. Owing to the steep slope, the run-off is very rapid and the variations in the stream flow very great, due not only to hot weather, but to the sudden heavy rains which occur in the region. The river-bed is composed for its entire length of gravel and detritus, espe- cially in the mountain portion, where the gravel overlies the bed rock to con- siderable depths, the latter being exposed only at isolated points. These conditions are ideal for underflow, the flattening out of the slope of the stream allowing the water under the slower velocity to sink into the loose material composing the bed. Discharge. Gaugings have been kept of the Elbow river for a considerable period, and with very few omissions since May, 1908. The station is just above the junction with the Bow river and gives the total discharge of the river; no other gauging station has been established, but miscellaneous meterings have been made at other points on the river. These have, with few exceptions, been made at other than the low water period, consequently it is nearl}^ impossible to arrive at any definite conclusion as to the discharge of the upper part of the river. Isolated gaugings were made in the vicinity of Canyon creek during the winter of 1910-11, and may be used as an indication of the probable discharge at that time, though the discharge, due to ice conditions, may vary greatly from day to day or even from hour to hour. The fact that under-flow occurs has a very material bearing on the discharge. This portion of the run-off is not re- corded, but is, nevertheless, available, for the erection of a structure in the stream bed on a solid foundation would intercept all the flow, thus any recorded surface flow must be increased to arrive at the true discharge of the stream. Tables are included giving the discharge of the Elbow river at Calgary, also a curve giving the mean monthly discharges has been plotted and is included. (See diagram, Plate No. 4.) The table reveals the fact that the surface flow is at times as low as 100 c.f.s., and may be even lower, though what amount should be added to this to give the combined surface and underflow discharge is rather hard to determine. In ]VIarch 14, 1911, gaugings were made above and below Canyon creek which was practically dry; the results were 92 and 113 c.f.s. 106 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1916 respectively, or a difference of 21 c.f.s. in two sections 200 feet apart, which naay be taken as rather conclusive evidence of the presence of underflow. In Feb- ruary, 1911, gaugings were made at the same two points, and gave 138 c.f.s. above and 135 c.f.s. below. Mr. Mitchell, in a report upon the possibilities of power on the Elbow, states that, in his opinion, the underflow may be taken as forming 25 per cent, of the total discharge of the river in the vicinit}'- of Canyon creek; no attempt has been made to verify this opinion by actual measurement, as the construction of a tight weir would be involved, but there seems little reason for disputing it, in fact, quite possibly this figure might be exceeded. From the tables and the foregoing estimate of underflow it is concluded that the total mean discharge of the river at Canyon creek will not be less than say 120 c.f.s. This low flow would extend over the period from Decem- ber 15 to March 15. Power Section of River. In May, 1911, a reconnaisance of the Elbow river was made and from the ex- amination of the river it was decided that the possibility of producing power was confined to the section lying between the 20-foot falls in section 17, township 22, range 6, west 5th, and the east boundarj^ of section 14, township 22, range 6, west 5th. Below Canyon creek for a distance of about 2 miles the river is confined in a narrow valley by banks from 150 to 200 feet high; below this section the fall in the river is less, so nothing would be gained by going below the point indicated. Between the 20 foot falls and the Canyon creek the river flows through what is practically a continuous canyon. Above the falls the valley is wide and flat and it was hoped that advantage might be taken of the natural fall and the wide valley above for a power site but no feasible dam site exists in the vicinity with banks of sufficient height. There are several possible locations below the falls to which the same applies, but the only one found is at a point a few hundred yards above the mouth of Canyon creek. One site lying above this was examined in detail, which in itself was suitable in every way, but the existence below it of a very high cliff and rock slide on the north side precluded the building of a necessary flume, so that point had to be abandoned. The height of the cliffs and adjacent benches determine the height to which the dam, necessary in connection with a flume line, may be built. In any scheme that has been evolved for the development of power on the Elbow, a flume line has been an essential part; the comparatively low discharge neces- sitates a high head development to insure economical development. The gen- eral idea of the development has therefore been, to develop part of the head by a dam and to secure the remainder by carrying the water along the benches- to some convenient point and there convey it to the valley, thus utilizing the natural fall in the river below the dam. Storage. The flat above the 20-foot falls narrows rapidly about 2 miles up the valley, and is confined by the high mountains. The river is very steep and rough and at the extreme end issues through a narrow gap between two mountains; here the walls are formed of limestone. Just above the gap there is a very wide valley (see reproduction page 107), the whole bottom of which is covered with gravel, and the stream finds its way through this by a number of small channels. The valley is about 3 miles long and varies from 1,200 to 1,500 feet in width, and with the gap at the lower end forms an ideal site for storage; this question will be dealt with later. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e T07 108 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Power Development. The study of the situation during reconnaissance leads to the conclusion that there is only one scheme worthy of full consideration. This involves a dam above the Canyon creek, a flume line following the bench lands on the north side of the river, and a power house placed in the river valley about a mile and a half below Canyon creek. In May, 1911, a party was placed in the field and this general scheme was developed in detail; a survey was made of the dam site in sufficient detail to admit of preliminary plans and estimates for the struc- ture being made, care being taken to locate all evidence of rock in place and obtain such additional information as might be necessary. The flood line was defined in a general way, the upper limit being located at all vital points. The flume line was located and a contour survey made of the country adjacent to the line including the site of the proposed head-works, penstock line and power- house. This information is all embodied in the accompanying plans. PowjER Dam. The site of the dam is a few hundred yards above the mouth of Canyon creek where the river flows between two high rock cliffs (see reproduction page 107). The south bank rises to a height of 80 feet above the surface of the river, while on the north side it rises to 90 feet. The bank on the south side slopes back gradually from the top of the cliff, rising to an elevation of several hundred feet, while on the north the height of the banks is about 175 feet, 125 to 150 feet of which is rock cliff, a dam at this point would raise the water to a sufficient height to allow it being carried on the bench in a flume. It would also back the water upstream to a point about a quarter of a mile above the 20 foot falls, flooding an area of about 80 acres. The lower hundred feet of the dam is not over 250 feet in length. An ap- proximate estimate of the cost of the dam has been made and is given. Flume and Penstock. It is proposed to construct the conduit between the power dam and the forebay or standpipe above the power station of wooden staves, banded with steel, having a circular section 84 inches in diameter. Such a flume when well built of good timber is tight and efficient and has a life of from fifteen to twenty years, depending on earth and water conditions; it is elastic, easy of transport and construction, offers a minimum frictional loss to flowing water and is above all, economical in first cost and repairs. The total length of flume is about 7,500 feet, most of which will be laid in shallow earth cut on the sides of the gravel benches, and would be subjected to but a few pounds pressure. The flume line as located was assumed at an elevation of 4,820, the water surface being 4,840. On this assumption it was run as nearly as possible to grade. It follows along the top of the first bench on the north side of the river, crossing Canyon creek about 150 yards from the mouth, on a trestle. It then keeps up on the second bench at a distance from the river, varying between two hundred feet and a quarter of a mile. At the lower end of the flume a regulation chamber or forebay is proposed, and leading from it to the power house a penstock (wooden stave pipe) 84 inches diameter and 1,000 feet long, will be necessary. The larger diameter is designed to reduce the velocity and avoid dangerous water hammer in so long a pipe, which would also be fitted with relief valves at the lower end. The penstock would be laid in a trench conform- ing to the general grades of the hillsides and benches and be amply provided with concrete anchorages. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e FOREBAY. The flume will terminate at the lower end in a concrete chamber surmounted by a large steel standpipe so arranged and of such dimensions that it will form an intermediate reservoir of small capacity into which the water will flow from the flume before commencing its flow down the penstock. This chamber will have its bottom well below the bottom level of the inlet at the dam and the top of the standpipe well above the level of the dam crest and will thus also act as a surge tank or species of safet}^ valve for the large flume as well as for hydraulic regulat- ing purposes. Power Station. The site of the power house is just west of the eastern boundary of section 14, township 22, range 6, west 5th, and at the lower end of an island to be found in the river at that point (see reproduction page 114), a dry channel of the river would be utilized for the tail-race. The elevation of the water in the tail-race will be 4,618, and the total fall intercepted 222 feet, of which ap- proximatelv 215 feet would be available for power production, giving a continuous output of 3.900 b.h.p. Equipment. The power station proposed would have three power units and two exciter units, the power turbines being 1,600 horse-power and the generators 1,000 k.w. capacity, the latter would be 3-phase, 60-cycles and capable of an overload for temporary peak loading. If the power is used locally it will not be necessary to transform to high tension for transmission, in which case the generators would be wound for 6,600 or 10,000 volts. The power station would be fireproof and built of concrete and so situated as to be protected from high water b^' means of fills and a dyke at the head of the adjacent island. Storage Development. As the governing factor of this development is the water supply already discussed, the scheme of development has been worked out having in view the fact that, for the %vinter months, a portion of the water must be supplied from a storage reservoir. For the initial development this storage basin is not essential, but for the ultimate scheme, wherein the development is carried to the utmost capacity of the river, the fullest storage available must be employed. The only storage basin proposed under this project is that formed by the proposed storage dam in section 4, township 22, range 0, already referred to (see reproduction page 107); this basin of 23,000 acre-feet capacit}^ will afford storage sufficient to bring the minimum water supply up to about 200 cubic feet per second (see diagram, plate No. 18). Two other basins have been considered, viz., Fisher's brook (3,500 acre-feet) and Canyon creek (4,000 acre-feet); these are, however, of small capacity in relation to their cost; they would require dams 100 feet in height and would only enter into the development at a date when increased storage facilities might be sought under urgent power demands. Storage Dam. The type of dam suggested for this storage basin is the same as that pro- posed for the power site, that is a hydraulic-fill dam, for which type the site is favourable. 25e— 9 110 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. l9l5 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 111 25e— 9i Elbow River — Power Dam site. Photo by M. C. Hendry. 112 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Owing to the possibility of a rock foundation throughout, it may be neces- sary, in order to secure a good bond between the foundation and the dam, and to prevent possible leakage along the reck surfaces, to build a core wall across the dam site extending 10 to 12 feet up into the dam. The accompanying plans illustrate the layout of the site; an estimate of the probable cost of the work has been prepared and appears in the report. Benefits of Storage. The available water stored will after due allowance for evaporation and other losses provide for a continuous flow for three months and a half of 80 cubic feet per second, which should ensure a continuous flow of about 200 c.f.s. throughout the year; there is little doubt that the surplus flood water in any season will fill this reservoir. Power Developed. With a water supply of 200 cubic feet per second and effective working head of 215 feet, about 3,900 horse-power in mechanical energy would be developed after electric generation and transmission, say within a radius of 10 miles, it would produce an effective commercial power of 3,600 horse-power in electrical energy. The foregoing is based throughout on 24-hour service and is assumed to be the minimum power of the year, which occurs during the three winter months; for the remaining nine months, the electrical output of the plant would be increased from 3,800 to 4,200 horse-power on peak load by the use of more water, and it is proposed to arrange the equipment of the plant so as to produce a maximum of 4,200 horse-power in electrical power delivered within a radius of 10 miles of the plant. Estimated Cost of Elbow River Development. Transportation $ 30,000.00 Storage Dam : — Sluice tunnel and control Dam and core wall Concrete spillwav, etc 193,000.00 Power Dam : — ■ Sluice tunnel and control Dam and core walls Intake, spillway, etc 145,000.00 Flume Line: — Pipe and excavation §110,000.00 Bridge, etc 20,000.00 Forebay : — Surge tank, etc S 22 ,000. 00 Penstocks, etc 23,000.00 Power House and Equipment: — Turbines S 20,000.00 Generators 30,000.00 Switch apparatus 12,000. 00 Building, etc 25,000.00 130,000.00 45,000.00 87.000.00 BO^V RTTEh' POWER AXD STORAGE 113 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Tail race S 10,000.00 Transmission line 15 ,000. 00 Engineering and contingencies, 15 per cent 98,800.00 Total S753 ,800. 00 Interest during construction, 5 per cent 37,700.00 Total estimated cost $791 ,500.00 S200 per wheel horse-power. COXCLUSIOXS. The scheme of developing power on the Elbow river is not an attractive one from an economic standpoint ; there have been a number of applications filed respecting the development of power upon the river, and in order that these have might be dealt with the investigations were instituted vdih. the above results. The market for such power must, owing to the high cost per horse-power, be in the immediate vicinity of the plant. It cannot be expected to compete with power in other districts, and it is even doubtful whether the development Vv'ould be w^arranted, as it is quite possible that power produced by a steam plant would be m-uch cheaper; this can only be settled when the quality of the coal in the locality is knowm. The one thing in favour of the water power is its capacity to take care of peak loads. This plant, w^hile nominally of 4,000 horse- power capacity could be commercially operated so as to sell from 4,500 to 5,000 horse-power on a 24-hour basis, as is quite frequently done, owing to oveiiap])ing in the loads. 114 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 19l5 O BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e CHAPTER X. ADDITION STOR.\GE INSPECTIONS. In the investigation for storage, a general reconnaissance of the whole basin was made, and certain areas or sections were proven to be economically unsuit- able for storage purposes; as these formed the largest part of the district inves- tigated they are worthy of description. To this particular division belong the following, which are named in the order of investigation: — (a) Kananaskis river and lakes. (b) Hector lake. (c) Pipestone creek. (d) Baker creek. (e) Johnson creek. (f) Redearth creek. (g) Brewster creek, (h) Ghost river. The question of storage on the first two was looked into in 1911, the rest being investigated in 1912. KANANASKIS RIVER AND LAKES. The Kananaskis river, which flows from the south, is one of the main trib- utaries of the Bow, joining the latter at the head of Kananaskis falls; the western limit of its watershed forms the boundary of the Rocky Mountains park. Source. The Kananaskis river has its source in two lakes of the same name which are about 40 miles due south of the Canadian Pacific railway at Kananaskis; these lakes lie at an elevation of about 5,500 feet above sea-level and are situated close to the main continental divide, which here forms a barrier of snow-capped mountains. To the west of the lakes is Kananaskis pass, with an elevation of 6,200 feet, over which the trail leads, following the PaUiser river down to the Kootenay. From the south, there is a small stream flowing into the lower lake; this rises near the summit of Elk pass, at an elevation of 6,500 feet. Tributaries. Just below the outlet of the lower lake, a small stream, which rises on the summit between the Spray and Kananaskis basins and drains the area between the Kananaskis and Spraj' ranges, comes in from the west. About 3 miles below the outlet we come to the forks, where from the east, flows a stream rising between IMisty and Elk ranges, and draining the territory lying to the east of the lake, and west of the Misty range. These streams and branches of the Kananaskis form its principal tributaries. Below the junction -u-ith the east fork, the streams flowing in are all short and of negligible size, the largest one being that coming in from the east a short dis- tance south of the Indian Reserve boundary. Between these two points the river is confined between the Opal and Kananaskis ranges, and the valley is com- paratively narrow. (See contour map.) 116 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Kananaskis Lakes. The Kananaskis lakes are spoken of as the Upper and Lower lakes, on account of a difference in level of about 90 feet, the Upper lake being at elevation 5,550 and the Lower at elevation 5,460. The Upper lake is about 2^ miles long and 13^ miles wide. The lower is 3 miles long and half-a-mile wdde. The Upper lake is worthy of special mention from a scenic point of view — it is studded with islands and has snow-capped mountains to form a background, the addition of well-timbered shores ancl islands forms a picture wdiich rivals in beauty any of the better-known lakes which are to be found in the Rockies. (See reproduction page 117). The stream which joins the Upper and Lower lakes is about 1 mile in length and, as has been noted, drops 90 feet in that distance, the fall being composed of rapids and one abrupt fall of about 40 feet. The Lower lake, being surrounded by lower-lying hills, and having no islands, presents a less fine appearance than the Upper lake, though it is not without beauty. The fishing in these two lakes is excellent, and will be an added attraction to the locality when it becomes, as no doubt it will, a resort for tourists. (See reproduction page 118.) As far as storage is concerned, the lakes do not offer any desirable site, the outlet of the Upper lake — the only possible point at which the water could be controlled — would require such a long structure placed in water of consider- able depth (from inspection estimated at at least 40 feet) at a cost which, in view of the advantages obtained, is beyond consideration. Further, in considering any scheme of storage on this lake, the beauty of the lake in its natural state and the extreme probability of its becoming a summer resort in the near future should not be lost sight of. Below the Lower lake for a considerable distance the banks of the valley are far apart, and except at one point about a mile and a half below the outlet of the lake, do not offer a site for control. At this point there is a possible site for a dam, but the fall of the stream is so rapid that at the extreme height of the dam only about 2 feet of storage would be obtainable on the lake, and the structure involved would be six or seven hundred feet long on the crest. After careful consideration of the physical peculiarities of the locality, it was not thought that a detail survey of the different points in the vicinity was justified, and the possibility of storage at this point was therefore not further considered. Kananaskis River. The Kananaskis river has a drainage area of 406 square miles between the lakes and the Bow river. It flows through a narrow valley confined by high mountains — the Kananaskis range forming the west boundary, and the Opal range the east. The tributaries are all small and on account of the topography are mountain torrents, being short and steep and carry down large quantities of gravel and detritus. The valley bottom through which the river flows is, on the whole, wide and flat. Where this is not the case, the river flows between alternating high rocky cliff and gravel and clay banks, the latter being moraines composed of the material transported by the mountain torrents and ancient glaciers. The valley floor is deeply covered with this transported material, through which the river has cut its way and, where the valley is wide and flat, the river is continually changing its course, especially during the high-water season. At one point about 4 miles below the Lower lake, a fall about 25 feet high occurs; for the rest of its length, no abrupt drops occur, but the fall is considerable. BOW RITER POWER AXD STORAGE 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Storage Possibilities. One scheme which has been put forward for the storage of water from the Kananaskis river. From a point south of the Indian reserve, the water was to be conveyed across the summit by canal or flume into lake Chiniki on the Indian reserve; this would involve a dam in the river at a point about 2 miles south of the mouth of the first creek which flows into the river from the east, and south of the Indian reserve (the only important creek in some miles). It would be necessary to build a structure about 50 feet high in order that the water might be raised over the low summit between the lake and the river, and a flume about half a mile long would be necessary to carry the water across the low valley of the creek mentioned above. At the lower end of the lake, a structure approximately 4,000 feet long would be required to maintain the water at the necessarj^ level so that it could be returned to the river when required at the Kananaskis falls and Horseshoe falls on the Bow river. The elevation of the river at the point where a dam would be necessary is 200 feet above the water level under the Canadian Pacific Railway bridge or elevation 4,328; lake Chiniki level reduced to the same elevation is 4,300, the summit referred to between the lake and river is long and flat, rising to an elevation of 4,370, precluding the possibility of a canal through in place of going over. A careful survej' of the river has revealed the fact that there are several sites where small storage basins may be developed. They must, however, be con- sidered mainl}^ as regulating basins, being used for the creation of auxiliary power and providing small amounts of water to carry the peak loads on the plants on the Bow river below the junction of the Kananaskis and Bow rivers. The sites of this description are three in number, as follows: — ■ Upper Site, No.l. — The upper site situated about 9 miles upstream from the mouth of the river at a point where two spurs of the mountains approach one another, producing a short canyon through which the river flows. The valley riioto by M. C. Hcndiy. Upper Kananaskis Lake. 118 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 above this canyon is wide and provides for considerable storage at this point. (See reproduction page 122.) Surveys were made in more detail by the Calgary Power Company and the figures in relation to the size of the structures and capacity of the basins are quoted from the report by their engineers. The length of river flooded would be approximately 12,000 feet. The size of the structure involved is as follows: — Height of dam 110 feet. Length on crest 1,250 " Depth of water 100 " Average head (for power purposes) 70 " Capacity of basin 14,900 acre-feet. Estimated cost S304,000 ^^ .^t^^^^^BSiJB 3 ^^^HHHniiMlijg^^M^^biitt^ Lower Kananaskis Lake. Photo by M. C. Hendry. Central Site, No. 2. — The middle site lies about 6 miles upstream from the mouth of the river. The site of the dam is in a narrow rock canyon (see repro- duction page 123), the walls of which rise abruptly to a height of about 100 feet above the level of the river. The flooded length of the river at this site would be approximately 9,500 feet. The size of the dam involved is as follows: — Length on the crest 1,000 feet. Height of water 100 " Height of dam 110 " Average head (for power purposes) 70 " Capacitv of basin 10,750 acre-feet. Estimated cost S213,000 Lower Site, No. S. — The lower site is the one of particular interest. It lies about three-quarters of a mile above the mouth of the river, at which point the water is raised about 12 feet by the Kananaskis Falls plant. That is, the impounding structure is actually situated in the pond of the plant below BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e SO that any water released from storage is at once available for producing power at the plant. In addition it is proposed to install equipment at the storage dam capable of an output of 1,000 horse-power. The size and capacity of the structure is as follows: — Length of flooded river 8,000 feet. Length of dam on crest 670 " Height of dam ' 85 " Depth of water 80 " Average head (for power purposes) 45 " Capacity of basin 8,040 acre-feet. Estimated cost $150,000.00 Water Supply. The stream has been gauged since September, 1911. The latest records available are for the year 1912. Those of November and December, 1911, are not complete, so the records for 1912 are used. The mean monthly flows and also the maximum and minimum flows are as follow^s : — Discharge Kananaskis River. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. January February... March April May June July August September. October November. December. c.f.s. 160 1.32 132 149 866 3,006 3,258 3,222 898 414 314 440 c.f.s. 123 118 113 108 120 478 1,262 1,014 424 314 120 72 c.f.s. 1,36 129 129 128 477 1,582 1,996 1,424 653 376 2.52 204 These discharges are only for one year so are not truly representative, but must be used as a basis to work out the benefits of creating a storage and regulating basin. Effect of Storage. Two tables have been prepared showing the effect of the storage allowing for a continuous discharge through the basin and in addition a discharge which will help to carry the peak loads upon the plants situated upon the Bow river. Table No. 14 is based upon certain assumptions made by Mr. H. S. Johnston, of the Calgary Power Company, in his preliminary report on auxiliary storage on the Kananaskis river. A continuous flow of 140 c.f.s. has been provided for, and in addition to this a discharge of 81 c.f.s. for eight hours each day, it being assumed that that length of time would cover the peak-load hours. Under these conditions the storage would be exhausted by May 1, that is, there would be no power derived from the continuous discharge through the dam or from the additional inter- mittent discharge owing to the head being eliminated. 120 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A, 1915 Table No. 14. Storage Basin 8,040 Acre-Feet, Allowing for 140 Second-Feet Continuous Flow; also a Flow of 81 Second-Feet for Eight Hours per Day. Month. November December. January . . . Febi-uary . . March April May Mean Flow. Con- tinuous Flow. Inter- mittent Flow Ac.-ft. in 8 hours per day. Surplus Flow Ac.-ft. Deficit Flow Ac.-ft. 252 140 204 140 136 140 129 140 129 140 128 140 477 140 1,605- 1,653-5 1,658-5 1,488- 1,658-5 1,605- 5,055- 2,831-7 Quantity in Basin Ac.-ft. 1,880-6 2,098-7 2,269-2 2,198- 8,040 8,040 6,159 4,050 1,791 Remarks. Basin full. 4 i Basin drawn on . 7 I " 5 I . . ! Basin empty. Table No. 15. Storage Basin 8,040 Acre-Feet, Allowing 130 Second-Feet Continuous- Flow; also Allowing 80 Second-Feet Flow eor Eight Hours per Day. Month. Mean Flow Inter- Con- 1 "'jll^''^ t^^"«"^ ' Ac.-ft. ^1°^ 8 hours per day. Surplus Flow Ac.-ft. Deficit Flow Ac.-ft. Quantity in Basin Ac.-ft. Remarks. November 252 204 136 129 129 128 477 1 130 1..586-4 6.262-6 8,040- Rasinfiill. December 130 130 130 130 1,639- 2.763-2 ....8,040- Rnsin dr.iwn on. January 1,639- 1,480-6 1.fi.^Q. 1,270- 1,536- 1,700-5 1,709-5 6 770- February 5,234- 1 " March 3,534-5 1 1 825-0 " " April 130 1,586-4 130 May First Assumption. The only benefit obtained during the last month of storage being that due to the effect of the eight-hour discharge upon the plants below. The con- tinuous discharge cannot be included since it represents the natural flow of the river and would be utilized under ordinarj^ conditions. This effect may be stated as follows: — During the first five months of storage the average head at the storage dam may be taken as 45 feet, giving a continuous output of 572 b.h.p. due to a dis- charge of 140 c.f.s. In addition to this there will be an output for eight hours each day of 330 b.h.p., due to a discharge of 81 c.f.s. The effect of releasing 81 second-feet from the basin would be to make it at once available for power production at the three points below the basin at Kan- anaskis falls, Horseshoe falls and the Bow Fort site since the tail-water of one plant is nearly at the same elevation as the head-water of the plant next below. The effect upon the fourth site would not be noticed for at least two hours after water was released, as there is a stretch of about 8 miles of river between the tail-water of the Bow Fort site and the Mission site; at the next two sites, Ghost and Radnor, the effect would be noticed about the same time or approximately' two hours and a half after water was released. If the power from BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e these plants could be sold so that the peaks could lag behmd the peaks on the plants above from two to two-and-a-half hours the water could be utilized, otherwise no benefit would be realized. Assuming that such an arrangement could be consummated, the peak loads on the different plants could be increased by releasing water from the auxiliary storage to the following extent: — Effect of Kananaskis Auxiliary Storage. Table No. 16. -#1 Plant. Head. Peak Load Power. 70 70 66 47 50 44 b.h.p. 515 Horseshoe Falls . 515 490 350 Ghost Site . . . 370 Radnor Site 325 Total on 6 plants. 2,565 In addition, there is the continuous output for five months at the storage dam of 572 b.h.p. due to 140 c.f.s. flow; also the peak output of 330 b.h.p., or a total peak output, due to 81 c.f.s. on all the plants, of 2,895 b.h.p. for five months. For the whole period the peak load output would be increased by 2,565 b.h.p. Second Assumption. Table No. 15 provides for a continuous flow of 130 second-feet, which corresponds nearly to the mean low-water discharge of the river, also an inter- mittent discharge of 80 c.f.s. for eight hours per day. Under this arrangement there is in the basin at the end of the season 1,825 acre-feet, or an average head of 45 feet can be maintained at the dam throughout the low-water season. Under the same assumptions as to distribution of peak loads as before we obtain the following: — Table No. 17. Effect of Kananaskis Auxiliary Storage. Plant. Total: Peak load output from storage. Head. Peak Load Power. Kananaskis Falls 70 70 66 47 50 44 45 b.h.p. 510 Horseshoe Falls 510 Bow Fort Site 480 M ission Site 342 Ghost Site 363 Radnor Site 320 Storage Site 327 2,852 Or, comparing the two methods on the basis of horse-power hours, the auxiliary output on peak load by the first method of regulation would be 4,623,120 horse-power hours. 122 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 By the second method of regulation the output on peak load from auxiliary storage would be 4,700,096 horse-power hours. By the first method the continuous output of power would be reduced by 907,200 horse-power hours and by the second increased about one-half of that amount, or 383,000 horse-power hours. If the peak loads are high, then the second method of regulation would be the most advantageous. If the load is nearly uniform, then the reverse is the case. No definite conclusions can be drawn with regard to the economic side of the question without knowing the load conditions on the plants. An attempt has been made, however, to arrive at the probable cost of the power produced by the use of this basin. The cost deduced is in terms of kilowatt hours, to conform to the other costs in this report. Photo by M. C. Hendry. Kananaskis River — Looking South from shoulder of Mt. McDougall. Capital Cost. PP The estimated cost of creating this storage also building and equipping the auxiliarj^ plant is, approximately^ $150,000. Annual Charges. Taking the capital cost at $150,000, the probable annual cost of maintain- ing and operating the plant would be:— 1. Interest on capital invested assuming financing done on bonds at 6 per cent, sold at par $9,000-00 2. Sinking fund to return bonds in 30 years, reinvested at 4 per cent, say If per cent 2 ,625 -00 3. Depreciation, adjusted between general works and equipment, to provide for major repairs and renewals 2 ,250 -00 4. Operation and maintenance, including management, superhitendence, wages, minor repairs, etc 3,375-00 Total annual charges $17 ,250 -00 BOW RIYER POWER AND STORAGE 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Assuming that the output of the plant is continuous the year round, that is, to the capacit}' of the plant for six months and for the remainder of the year, having an output due to the continuous flow of 130 second-feet, plus the peak load discharge; then the output would be 6,078,840 k.w. hours; to this may be added the peak output on the plants below due to this auxiliary storage, that is, 2,726,584 k.w. hckirs. Photo by M. C. Hendry. Kananaskis River — Looking North from shoulder of Mt. McDougiill. Cost or Power. That is the total output from storage is 8,805,400 k.w. hours. On this basis, assuming the annual charges at $17,250, the cost per k.w. hour would be 0-20 cents. Owing to the possibility that some time may elapse before the three lower plants are built, the following costs have been arrived at, basing the output on the auxiliary plant and the three plants at Kananaskis falls. Horseshoe falls and Bow Fort site. As before, the capital cost of the undertaking would be $150,000 and the probable annual charges $17,250. With the same assumptions as before, a capacity load on the auxiliary plant for six months and the remaining six months a load carried by the discharge of 130 c.f.s., plus the load carried by the dis- charge of 80 c.f.s. per day, and added to this the peak load on the ui)por three plants carried by the discharge of 80 c.f.s. from storage. The output of power from the storage created would be:— From auxiliary plant 6 ,078 ,840 k.w. hours per year. " Kananaskis " 550,906 " " " " " Horseshoe Falls " 550,900 '^ " Bow Fort Site " 518,499 " Total 7 ,699 , 151 k.w. hours per year. With an annual cost of $17,250 the cost would be 0 -22 cents per k.w. hour. 124 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. iQ'o HECTOR LAKE. In July, 1911, a reconnaissance was made of the upper part of the Bow- river, to determine the possibilities of storage in that section of the river. The expectation was that either or both the lakes, Hector and Bow, forming the source of the Bow river, might be utilized. Bow lake at the source was proved to be suitable, and is dealt with in another part of the report; on the other hand, Hector lake was found to be unsuitable for storage purposes. (See reproduction page 127). Hector lake lies in a hollow formed between a number of high peaks; to the west lie mounts Gordon, Balfour and Olive, of altitudes 10,336, 10,731 and 10,260 feet, respectively, all glacier-hung peaks. To the south is Pulpit peak, of an elevation 6,930, and to the north lies Bow peak. Hector lake is fed from the glaciers to the west, and also from two small lakes to the south that lie at high altitudes^the upper one, Turquoise lake, at an elevation of 5,975 feet, and Margaret lake at an elevation of 5,926; the upper lake empties into the lower, and this in turn into Hector lake; to the north is a stream coming down on the south side of Bow peak. The lake is about 3j miles long, and three-quarters of a mile wide, it lies about 15 miles by the river above Laggan and at an elevation of 5,700 feet above sea-level, or upwards of 600 feet higher than Laggan. The lake is to the west of the river, about three-quarters of a mile, and is connected with it by two streams which form the outlet; the intervening land had the appearance of having been deposited there in past ages by the river in the form of a bar. Apparently the lake at one time formed a great enlargement of the river and was probably, at the same time, to a great extent covered by the ice from the glacier to the west. This glacier is known as Balfour glacier and is formed by the immense snow fields which cap the summit of the main divide at this point, and which also feed the Bow glacier. As the glacier receded, the bed of the present lake was left, the east end being separated from the river by the material deposited, as has been said. This barrier, as it may be called, is about three-quarters of a mile wide, and about the same length, parallel to the river, rising to an elevation of several feet above the level of the lake, and any structure to impound water in the lake would have to be of great length in order to raise the lake level any considerable height; the material is loose and in places very swampy. The lake could not be considered, therefore, as a storage basin either from the engineering or economic standpoint. PIPESTONE CREEK. The Pipestone creek is one of the largest tributaries of the Bow river, entering above Banff. It has a drainage area of about 160 square miles, which is comparable with that of the main river above their junction, their conflluence is about half a mile below Laggan station on the Canadian Pacific railway. Discharge. At the junction point with the main river a gauging station has been established at the instance of the Water Power Branch. The discharge of the Pipestone, as measured at the entrance of the Bow, forms a considerable portion of the discharge of the Bow at that point. From records available the discharge of the Pipestone may be taken as forming one- third of the discharge of the Bow below tl eir junction during liigh water; during the normal period the proportion is greater; while at the low-water period, it forms nearly one-half of the total discharge. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e The records extend over only a very brief period (since September, 1911), so that no definite conclusion can be drawn as to the relative discharges of the two streams, but the available records are, however, included and may prove of interest. Drainage Area. The drainage area of the Pipestone is very similar in character to that of the Bow above Laggan, the same mountains forming a considerable proportion of the drainage area of each. Their sources lie at considerable altitude, the great difference between the two being that while the Bow has two lakes as its source the Pipestone has no lake to act as a regulator of run-off. Strangely enough, this difference has apparently the opposite effect to that to be expected, for the variation between high and low water on the Pipestone is, from the records available, apparentl}^ less than upon the Bow. The Pipestone from source to mouth is about 22 miles long. It rises at an altitude of 8,364, and is fed by numerous small streams coming down the mountains, such. as Molar creek from mount Molar and from Cataract peak. The descent of this creek is very rapid, reaching an altitude at the junction with the Little Pipestone of 5,860, a fall of 2,500 feet in about 11 miles, or 257 feet per mile. For the next 6 miles the fall is 360 feet, or 60 feet per mile, and for the remainder of its length, about 110 feet per mile. The largest creek entering the Pipestone is that known as the Little Pipestone, which enters from the east, and is about 8 miles long, having as its source several small lakes, which lie at between 6,500 and 7,000 feet above sea-level. It drains the northern slope of mounts Richardson and Ptarmigan, which are both over 10,000 feet high and glacier hung. Possibility of Storage. A reconnaissance of the Pipestone with a view to storage was made in July, 1912, and at the same time the head-waters of Corral creek and Baker creek were examined. On the Pipestone it was found that for the first few miles the river was very rapid, the fall of 110 feet per mile being exceeded in places. The stream is confined to a comparatively narrow valley by high steep banks of what might be termed glacial drift, which overlies the rock to a considerable depth; this, in conjunction with the rapidity of fall, is not favourable for the storage of any considerable volume — such as would warrant construction. Higher up, the valley widens into a large flat, which on examination showed that no suitable site for a dam offered itself, and that the slope of the valley was so great that in any event a high structure would be requirecl to flood the valley for any distance upstream. Above the junction of the Little Pipestone the character of the valley changes, becoming narrower and much steeper; after careful examination it proved as disappointing as the lower portion of the river, and in consequence the only possible conclusion was that storage on the Pipestone is not possible, and no further work upon it was warranted. BAKER CREEK. At the same time as the reconnaissance of Pipestone creek the trip was made to include Baker creek, which is the next important stream to enter the Bow below Laggan. Drainage Area. This creek enters the Bow from the north about 8 miles from the mouth of the Pipestone; it is about 15 miles long and has a drainage area of 52.8 square miles, about one-third the area of the Pipestone drainage basin. Unlike the 25e— 10 126 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Pipestone, it has two lakes at the source of the main branch, whilst another lake forms the source of the second branch; these lakes are among the highest in the country, the lower of the two first — Baker lake — ^being at an elevation 7,230 feet above sea-level, and the higher — Ptarmigan lake — at an elevation of 7,561 feet; and lake Redoubt, which forms the source of one of the branches, is the highest, at an elevation of 8,000 feet. The elevation at the mouth of the river is 4,859, so it will be seen that the fall is very rapid; from Ptarmigan lake to Baker lake the fall is 331 feet in less than a mile, and from Baker lake to the mouth of that river the fall is 2,371 feet, being 1,230 feet in the first 3 miles below Baker lake, or 410 feet per mile, and from there to the mouth the fall averages 142 feet per mile. Discharge. The discharge of Baker creek has not been measured systematically, no gauging station has been established upon it and any records of its discharge that may exist are not available. An estimate of the discharge might be made from a comparison of the size of the drainage area and a study on the ground of the Pipestone and Baker creeks, assuming a run-off one-half that of the Pipestone. The existence of three lakes at the source of Baker creek would be expected to have some influence upon the regulation of the flow, but this regulation cannot be very marked on account of the formation of the outlets of the lakes. Storage Possibilities. After a study of the maps, and a consideration of the evidence gathered from men familiar with the country as to the physical features of the valley of Baker creek, it was considered that any possibility of storage lay in one or all of the lakes which were to be found at the head of the creek and that any study should be made at the upper part; this was done. Baker lake was the first one visited. As before stated, it lies in a rocky basin at an elevation of 7,230, is about three-quarters of a mile long from east to west, and about one-fifth of a mile ■wide. On the north side the shoulder of Fossil mountain slopes down to the water's edge, while to the south is Fallen mountain. The lake is confined in its bed by a long, low rock ridge, which extends across the east or outlet end, this ridge is very low, rising only a few feet above the lake level for the greater part of its length, and falling away very rapidly on the downstream side. The situation is not favourable for storage, the area that might be developed by a structure at the lower end being small, and, owing to the topography, anj" structure would be of great length. (See reproduction, page 128.) The upper, or Ptarmigan lake, about a mile to the west, is somewhat smaller than Baker lake, into which it empties, and is very similarly situated. From the outlet, the descent is very rapid, falling in a series of cascades; the outlet is over a low ridge, and presents the same difficulties to storage as does Baker lake. Redoubt lake lies to the south of the west end of Ptarmigan lake, and as has been pointed out, is about 500 feet higher. The waters from Redoubt lake do not enter Baker creek through Ptarmigan and Baker lakes, but through a valley extending to the east from the shore of the lake. The descent of this creek is extremely rapid, it is less than 3 miles in length, yet in that distance it has a total fall of over 2,100 feet, from three to five hundred feet of this fall occurs at, or near, the outlet, and in this respect the lake is the most pecu- liar of the three. This lake is situated on a shelf of rock, on the shoulder of mount Redoubt, and on account of its situation (resembling a saucer upon a shelf) very little variation in level can occur, A rise of less than 2 feet BOW RITER POWER AND STORAGE 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e would give a spillway of at least 300 feet in length, while any reduction below that level prevents run-off, as apparently the only outlet is over the ridge rock. This peculiarity, taken in conjunction with its size, about one-half-a- mile by one eighth of a mile, places it out of the question for storage. In addition to the physical features of the lakes, their extreme altitude militates their use as storage basins unless they could be utilized during the early fall to augment the flow;- in the spring they would be useless, because by the time their waters, stored from the previous year, were available, the floods would have set in and discharge from storage would be unnecessary. The idea of using the lakes and Baker creek for storage purposes had there- fore to be abandoned. JOHNSON CREEK. Johnson creek, a stream of considerable size entering from the north, adds its waters to the Bow river about 33^ miles below Castle station on the Canadian Pacific railway. It is about the same length as Baker creek. The head-waters are at considerable altitude, one branch rising at 8,000 feet, and the area drained is 49 square miles. The mountains to be found in the basin, however, are not generally so high as those to be found in the Baker basin ; in the matter of glaciers, too, it resembles Baker creek, there being none in either area. Given, then, the same general characteristics in the matter of altitude, area, etc., the run-off should be expected to be nearly' the same, their drainage areas being so close to one another. In the matter of lakes, the resemblance is not so marked, only one occurring on Johnson creek. For the upper 6 miles of the creek, the fall is 2,000 feet, or 333 feet per mile, below this the fall averages about 170 feet per mile dowTi to the mouth, the total fall being 3,367 feet. About 8 miles from the mouth a small lake empties its waters into the main creek; this lake is about one-quarter of a mile to the west and almost 500 feet above the bed of the stream. 25e— 10^ Hector Lake — Looking towards outlet. Photo by M. C. Hendry. 128 DEI'ARTMENT OF THE lyTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge. No data are available regarding the discharge of Johnson creek, though it is understood that some isolated gaugings were made of the creek during the last season, it might, however, be assumed that it would bear the same relation to the discharge of the Pipestone as Baker creek does, approximately one-half to one-third that of the former stream might be a fair estimate. ■ ''N. -SI ^HE^^^^^MHflh^^^&Hl ^ Ptarmigan Lake. Storage Possibilities. Photo by M. C. Hendry In August, 1912, an investigation of this creek was made, in order to deter- mine whether storage of any extent might be developed upon it. It was knoAvn that a deep and narrow canyon existed where the stream made its exit between the shoulder of Castle mountain and the Sawback range (see reproduction, page 131). and that a valley of some considerable extent lay at the upper end of the canyon. An examination proved this to be so. Access to the valley is gained by means of a trail which leads up the west side of the creek, and lies well up on the outlying shoulder of Castle mountain. On account of the depth and narrow- ness of the canyon, the trail swings up, as the latter is neared, then following parallel to it, it finally turns abruptly down until it strikes the rim of the canyon proper, along which it lies for nearly one-half mile until the latter widens out when the trail drops down into the valley so formed. This canyon is the deepest encoun- tered in the area covered by the investigations, it is approximately three-quarters of a mile long, and at one point must be from 600 to 700 feet deep and at the top not over that in width at the narrowest point; the accompanying reproductions illustrate the nature of this canyon fairly well. The valley behind the canyon is rather limited in extent, and does not widen out suddenly at the mouth of the canyon, but extends for nearly one-quarter of a mile before the widest point is reached where it is not over one-third of a mile wide. The valley floor is narrow, rising in a series of benches on either side; it is about one mile long, and then BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e narrows, the stream having banks from ten to twenty feet high, back of which are a series of terraces. As was shown earlier, the valley slope is very steep, especially where the stream enters the canyon, and in order to flood the valley even for one mile upstream a structure at least 200 feet in height would be required; this in the light of the restricted area that would be flooded would involve a cost that could not be considered. VERMILION AND REDEARTH CREEKS. These two creeks enter the Bow river from the south, Vermilion about I mile west of Castle, where the new motor road, which will eventually cross the Rockies, crosses the Bow river from the north to the south side. The Redearth enters about 53^^ miles below the Vermilion, and from the same side. Both these creeks are very short and their slopes abrupt, the former falls 1,550 feet in 7 miles, or 220 feet per mile, and the latter averages 200 feet per mile. A careful inquiry was made into the natural conditions and considerable' information gathered from men thoroughly familiar with the country. Owing to the inaccessibility of the streams, especially Redearth. it was not considered that an examination was necessary, the conclusion l^eing reached that they were not adapted to storage. BREWSTER CREEK. The waters of Brewster creek and Healey creek combined enter the Bow river about 3J^ miles west of Banff; the flovr is of fair magnitude, though no gauging has been made of the stream. Jujst above the mouth where it issues into the bottom of Bow valley, it spreads itself over a gravel flat and is divided into a number of small streams, each of which finds its way to the main river, and on this account cannot have any marked effect upon the winter flow of that river. Brewster creek, like all the other creeks that have been examined, has an excessive slcpe frcm scurce to mouth; it is not as steep, however, as the others, haviag an average fall of 100 feet per mile. Drainage Area. The drainage area is 92 square miles, rather larger tlian that of Baker creek. There are three main branches, all of which rise o i the northeastern slope of the main divide, the chief of these rises in the mountai:os lying between the S])ray river and mount Assiniboine, Fatigue creek, fed from tl^e slopes of the mountaiji of the same name, and Douglas, west of Fatigue creek; Healey creek lies farther to the west, near the summit of Simpson pass. Above the junction of Healey creek and Brewster creek, and on the main stream, occurs the only possible site suitable for a storage dam. This is a can- yon of about 70 to 80 feet wide, and 60 to 70 feet deep. In passing through it, the course of the stream is similar to the letter "S," the point suitable for the dam being midway between the two loops. The canyon is only a few hundred feet long; above it the valley opens out and in places is about 1 mile wide. Tlie .stream flows verj' rapidly, however, and the slope is steep at this ])oint, the immediate utilization of the dam is therefore unlikely. Examination of the creek did not reveal any other suit;i])lc « d '^ CJ ■ oc Tf 00 • ^ 1 ^ ic "* ^^ oc t^ 35 • oo -t^ . . o ^ (M r~ .1.-5 ■ 1 o J in as 00 < H £ c5 o" CO" 6 < 1 < CO o 1 D o G" O 03 CO d "(S IM M (M CO CO **r CO CO "•r 6 -< CO CO o ^ o" o CO 00 CO c3 t^ t^ 1 CO CO 1 d MO ii 1 >o >o m "--S *T u o VI o o o 05 ^ 00 c3 o<= ©ooc — ^ 05 Tt< C r "5 >) M O- C3 i ill MC- C5t^ 55C. 1 ^ 00 6 s ! ;- J. s ea 1^ — o - o o a i-ss'^ i -' ^ r- - -£ ? < 5 U'5 oc t^ O X CO — CO :i2 s c3 ? 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"" rt rt IM- O d C^ iO t^t^ t-- 00 -*-^ ir: Obi 1-^ t-- tr~ ■t cc O O CO CC oo <« d o- Ot^O QC "5 P '. «< CC bJtJ^'cc lO c o to o CO Tf TtiTjfo ir: o * cc — ' CO oocc 03 J. d OC iMb.'i CO CO o^ o* CO ^ d < X O5 00 Oioc oo" o aj o ■<* ■*■>*< O u; in 00 to d CO 00 CO ^ oot^O "5 ■)-5 O lO 05 COIO^ CO £ d OOOOJ t~ '■ < T-T-*" i>r o o TtirJH o o 00 CO d •-< COOO Is 1 >1 CD CC CO COO «: CO i2 ^' u "£ o icc^ 00 CO (M CO CO i d O_00 t^t^ t^OC 00 ^ 5 CS o — c 0^ Z a s > e3 > > c s X > c 3 w fc. 'r c; O a C-7-, e: c o 2 P ci fa s <; IS 3 OS 05 05 Ci o3 o"' ^ g ^ ^ -^ T! ^ T3 T3 -3 T) S "2^3 -J T5 > c3 o3 lo c3 c3 03^ 03-5 c3 3 c3 ^ "^i -^ in -2 -2 -= 't; 3-= OS'S . ^ !- <- ^ ^^• S^"^ 2 ® 03 03 £ 2 t^ -H oo oo O (N c3 . w -^ to a, 5 «.ii < cs o c3 o -Co 'O c3 '3 . 3^ 140 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Tables In preparing the tables Nos. 21, 22, 23, the effect to be obtained from storage is taken as that due to a discharge of 160,000 acre-feet from the proposed Spray basin, 27,000 acre-feet from the Bow lake basin and 44,000 acre-feet from lake Minnewanka. In addition to this, there can be made available at lake Minnewanka, a storage of 14,200 acre-feet between the present normal lake level, 4,728 and 4,724. Explanation. The tables give the necessary quantity in cubic feet per second, and in acre-feet, required to raise the mean monthly flow from that recorded to dis- charges, raxiging from 800 c.f.s. to 1,500 c.f.s. At the bottom of each column is given the mean flow for the low-water period, together with the total in acre- feet necessary to produce the given discharge for the period. Below the table is give:a the effect in concise form, of the flow from each storage basin upon the discharge and finally the combined effect of all the storage basins upon the flow. For the low-water period 1909-10, the mean discharge for the period for an average month is 1,025 c.f.s. With this as a basis, from the table we find that providing for a flow of 1,500 c.f.s. over the low-water period, November to April, inclusive, there will be a surplus of 60,938 acre-feet, without making use of the extra storage available in Minnewanka, or including 14,200 acre-feet auxiliary storage, a total of 75,138 acre-feet, sufficient to provide for a flow of 1705 c.f.s. over the whole period. For the low-water period 1910-11, the mean discharge is 1,124 c.f.s., over the whole period. As before, providing for a continuous flow of 1,500 c.f.s. over this period, there is a surplus (omitting as before the auxiliary storage) of 75,545 acre-feet, or including the 14,200 acre-feet auxiliary storage a total of 89,745 acre-feet, which would give a continuous flow from October to April, of 1804 c.f.s. During the period 1911-12, the mean flow is only 833 c.f.s., and to secure a flow of 1,500 c.f.s., the entire storage capacity, including the auxiliary 14,200 acre-feet, a total of 245,200 acre-feet would have to be utilized. From these figures it seems reasonably certain therefore tliat a flow of 1,500 second-feet can be maintained; during seasons of unusually low water, this may possibly not be realized, and records over a longer period would give the conclusions drawn, more weight, but in the absence of more complete information this flow has been accepted as reasonably certain and it is the discharge upon which the developments between Horseshoe falls and Ghost river have been based. Below the mouth of the Ghost these figures are increased: from the data available it seems reasonable to expect a minimum flow of 100 cubic feet per second during the low-water period, from this river, so that the minimum regu- lated flow should he increased to 1,600 c.f.s. for points beloAV the mouth of tliat river. For the low-water season, October 1st to March 31, 1911-12, from the precipitation data it is found that the precipitation was less than for any season during the last eight years, and the total precipitation for the water year 1911-12 was just 0.38 inch higher than the mean flow over a period of sixteen years. The above assumption regarding discharge in view of this seems reasonable. Effect below Calgary. Below Calgary, the effect of storage on the Elbow would be apparent- The amount of storage on this river is taken at 23,000 acre-feet, giving a total available storage for points below Calgary of 268,200 acre-feet. Diagram Plate No. 18 has been plotted: it gives the mean monthly discharge in acre-foet of the PLATE XVI 1^ St S] la IV 4, cl is fe gi d: fl. a- P ir e: si o w p ai ai c a ai 1^ ir c« tl ■w b a S( k P d ■w T T a' IS Plate XVII BCnVRlVKR HOWSESHOE^ALLS Diagram of Discharge in Acre-ft. f^-om Jan I909lo Feb 1913 CprnpHed from Measurements made al MORUEY BRIDGE .mo HORSESHOE FALLS SAowing condjUons under a continuous flox of 1500 Sec (t To accompany report on Power and Storase Invesligatic by M.C. Hendry. BftSc -M/^C..Ji4ti,f,du^..CW..f Eng.o PLATE XVIII ELBOW RIVER STORAGE Diagram shewing Discharge in Acre- Feet, from A pr.l9IO to Dec. 1912 also Process of Filling Basin, and providing for a constant Discharge of 200 Sec- Ft. To accompany report on Povaer and Storage Investigatioji by M. C. Hendry. B.A. 5c. PLATE XIX BOW RIVER Diaeram shewing Discharge in Acre-ft.from Jan. 1910 to Dec. 1912 below C.^I_GA.RV _Al_SO_ Record of filling Storage Basms and v«ater wasted under a continuous flow of 1850 Cubic Ft. per Sec . To accompany report on Pow^r and Storage Invcstigatio By M.C Hendry, BA.Sc .-^^^./^«i^^^. . Chjef Engineer PLATE XX PLATE XXI N Power - Percemtaf;^ qf Time Curver OF THE BOW RIVER AT BOW- FORT POWER SITE Period May 1909 toAprilJ9]g. Head • 66 ft - 80% Efficiency To accompany report on Pcwerand Storage Investiealion by M.C Hendry. By^Sc NOTE > Flow regulatied from Proposed and Present Reservoirs , with Mtnnewanka auxiliary. Chiaf Znii.r,, BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE .141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Elbow at its mouth and shows the effect of storage from 1910-1912. Diagram Plate No. 19 illustrates the effect of the combined storage on the Bow river below Calgary and amomit necessary to secure a flow of 1,850 c.f.s.; a study of this diagram reveals the fact that regulating the storage on the Elbow to secure ft flow of 200 c.f.s. at the site below Canyon creek, and the storage on the Bow from Kananaskis falls would give a flow of approximately 1,850 c.f.s. below Calgary. It is apparent from the diagram, however, that this would be exceeded by at least 200 c.f.s., due to the flow of water into the Bow below the Ghost, of which there is no record during the low water months. CONCLUSION. Effect of Storage on Discharge. Using a storage capacity of 243,100 acre-feet and an auxiliary storage at lake Minnewanka of 14,200 acre-feet, a flow of 1,500 second-feet may be main- tained over the low-water period of any year, between Kananaskis falls and the mouth of the Ghost river; during years of ordinary precipitation, this may go as high as 1,700 c.f.s. Below the mouth of the Ghost river, the regulated flow may be increased by at least 100 c.f.s., or say from the Ghost to Radnor a continuous flow of 1,600 c.f.s. would be available; during some seasons it might go as high as 1,800 c.f.s. The data are not available for the discharge of creeks tributary' to the Bow between Radnor and Calgary during low-water months, but below Calgary and including the regulated flow of the Elbow, a flow of nearly 2,000 c.f.s. may be expected during the low water period. Effect of Storage on Power Output. In addition to the foregoing tables and hydrographs, some curves have been prepared (see Plates Nos. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24). These show the effect of the total available storage in the basin (developed and undeveloped) upon the power producing of the river. These curves are plotted for each of the plants built and proposed and are known as "Power-percentage of time curves." The period for which they are plotted is from May, 1909, to April, 1912, embracing practically all the records available. The ordinates of the curves represent wheel horse-power, and the abscissae time, in percentages, 100 per cent being equal to the period given above. Two curves are plotted, one in a full line being that derived from the natural flow during the period, and the broken line that from the regulated flow. Diagram, Plate No. 20 has curves for both the Horseshoe Falls and Kananaskis Falls plants; referring to the curve derived from the natural flow of the river, under a head of 70 feet and with 80 per cent efl5ciency, the power that could be derived from the natural flow of the river, 24 per cent of the period, would be 28,000 wheel horse-power; that due to the regulated flow for the same time would be 21,400 wheel horse-power. Where the regulated flow is less than the natural flow, the power derived is less and where the former is greater the power derived is greater; for 100 per cent of the period the natural flow would pro- duce about 4,580 wheel horse-power and the regulated flow would produce 9,545 wheel horse-power; that is 24-hour power, 365 days a year. Of this, 7,847 horse-power years would be due to the natural flow of the river and 1,698 horse- power years due to the release of water from storage. For the Kananaskis Falls plant the output in an average year from the natural flow of the river would be, for the turbine installation, 8,101 horse- 25e— 11 142 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ' 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 power years. With the proposed regulated flow this could be increased by 1,863 horse-power years, giving a total annual output of 9,964 horse-power years. For the Horseshoe Falls plant the same curve applies, the head and regu- lated flow being the same. Here, however, the turbine installation is greater, being 19,500 horse-power from the curve, it will be seen that the total annual output due to the natural flow would be 12,087 horse-power years, to which may be added, due to stream regulation, 2,171 horse-power years, giving the total annual output of 14,258 horse-power years. The other curves for the undeveloped sites are worked out on the same basis and the results are tabulated in table No. 5 so that further explanation is hardly necessary. Auxiliary Storage. Where the main storage basins are so remote from the point of utilization as in the Bow basin, some auxiliary storage of sufficient capacity to tide the plant over a sudden drop in the flow is necessar}^ The amount of storage that may be developed in connection with each plant is rather limited, the river is con- fined mainly between high banks so that any increase in level produces a very small increase in area; this is especially the case at the present plant at Horse- shoe falls; from the dam to the foot of Kananaskis falls the banks are high and the present flooded area is but little in excess of the former area of the river. At Horseshoe falls the area of the pond above the plant is 98 . 5 acres which, with a draw down of 4 feet, has a capacity of 394 acre-feet, capable of support- ing a discharge of 200 second-feet for twenty-four hours; this might be suf- ficient over a short period, but is of little value when a reduction of flow takes place. At such a time it becomes necessary to sustain the flow for the eighteen to twenty-four hours which must elapse before the effect of storage above can be felt. The Horseshoe Falls plant is, of all the developments built or proposed, the least favourably situated in this regard. The plant at present building at Kananaskis, though better situated, has very little advantage in respect to storage area. When the elevations of the structure are finally settled, the depth of storage possible may be found to be in excess of that at the Horseshoe Falls plant, but with a draw down of 4 feet as before, and a pond area above the dam of 122.25 acres, a total of 489 acre-feet would be available; this would provide a flow of 258 second-feet for twenty-four hours. The drawing down of the head-water, however, makes a serious inroad upon the output of the plant; the storage propositions looked into on the Kananaskis river within a radius of 8 or 10 miles of Kananaskis falls have been made with a view to eliminating this trouble as much as possible. An examination was made of the Kananaskis river during the summer of 1912, to investigate the possibility of creating storage in lake Chiniki by damming the river and raising the water to a sufficient height to flow into the lake, to be there stored until needed. It was found that it would be necessary to go a long way upstream to raise the water to the desired height, and also that to return the water to the river it would be necessary to re-traverse or cut through a height of land between the lake and the river; this would involve considerable work, as the summit, though not high, is long. There are several possible dam sites within a distance of 8 miles from the mouth of the river, at which the water might be raised 40 or 50 feet; the amount of storage these would create would be small, and only a survey in detail would reveal the value of the several basins so created; these were (lealt with before. The other proposed developments are rather better situated than the present two, the area of the ponds at these several sites are as follows: — BOW RITER POWER AXD STORAGE 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Table No. 24. Pondage Area above each Plant. Site. ' Pond Area. Bow Fort 205 acres. Mission ' 353 " Ghost I 786 " Radnor 241 " In connection with the Ghost and Radnor sites, the question of storage on the Ghost river was looked into. A possible storage basin of small area near the mouth of the river, and of which plans accompany this report, was developed in some detail; the site, however, is not considered attractive as the capacity for storage is limited and the structure involved large. Ice Conditions below Storage Basins. At the end of last winter an examination was made of the river between Banff and Kananaskis falls; also of the Cascade river between lake Minnewanka and the mouth, and the Spray river for about 8 miles from the mouth. A number of photographs were taken to illustrate ice conditions found at different points on the rivers, some of these are reproduced here. Between Kananaskis falls and the mouth of the Cascade the Bow, when examined, was for the most part open, and in a few places only was there evidence of overflow. Below the Spray falls on the Bow, where the formation of frazil would be excessive, there was little evidence of clogging and overflow, the river being entirely confined to the channels. On the Spray river, as far as examined, the same conditions obtained; for the first 4 miles above the mouth, the river was entirely ice bound, above that point the river was open in many places, and, although some overflow had occurred, the amount was so small that it was practically negligible. On the Cascade, the conditions encountered were somewhat different. Between the storage dam and Bankhead, the river was practically clear of ice, and there was no evidence of the formation of any large quantity. This con- dition showed a reversal of the conditions found in March, 1912, for, after a certain amount of water had been discharged from the lake in 1913, large quan- tities of ice were found upon the flats below Bankhead, and these extended nearly to the mouth. In man}' places this ice was in fields, 4 and 5 feet thick, and 400 to 500 feet wide; below the Canadian Pacific Railway bridge the ice was in even greater quantities and much thicker. These conditions were due largely to the nature of the river bed, and also the method of releasing the water from storage. During the early part of any cold spell (as evidenced by the records), the flow in the stream was small and the channel narrow and easily blocked during severe weather by frazil and anchor ice; when water was released, the choking of the channels increased, and flooding and consequent ice formation took place. Reproductions, pages 19, 20, 24 and 25 illustrate the resulting conditions. Storage Manipulation. The question of regulation of discharge from the different storage basins is one requiring care and experience. During the first few years of operation it is not expected that they can be operated to secure the maximum efficiency though regulation should improve as the amount of data is increased. 25e— 111 144 DEPARTMEyT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 BOW RITER POWER AND STORAGE ' 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e The comparative remoteness of the several storage basins from the power- producing sections of the river, prevents anj^ close regulation of the flow at the plants, for it is estimated that it will take at least 18 hours before water released from Minnewanka vnW reach Kananaskis Falls. During the last winter, owing to the difficult}' of anticipating temperature changes (the controlling factor), water released from Minnewanka did not reach the plant until the extreme conditions due to the weather had partially adjusted themselves; also, a large percentage of the water was wasted in transit, especially in the upper part of the river near the basin, in the form of ice. It is scarcely fair, however, to use the first season of regulation as a basis for reaching definite conclusions as to the benefits to be secured, for it must be remembered that, besides lack of experience in handling the storage, other things militated against maximum efficiencj^; for instance, between Bankhead and the mouth of the Cascade, no improvement to the river bed has been made, thus much of the water released spreads over the flats, freezes and is wasted. Diagram, Plate No. 3 shows not only the marked influence of temperature upon discharge, but also shows when and to what extent storage was supplied, for the recorded levels indicate the discharge indirectly; it may safely be assumed that when the surface level remains constant there is no discharge, and when the lake level falls, water is being discharged from storage; also the rate of decrease in the lake level indicates the rate of discharge. The wasting of water by ice formation on the flats, as mentioned above, is due, in a very great measure, to the method of storage manipulation. A study of other rivers in the vicinity during the past season has led to the conclusion that if the channel is kept open, little clogging and overflow occur. It will be noted in nearly ever}' case, that for a varying length of time, immediately preceding a period of low temperature, and during the first part of that period, the flow from storage was that of the normal flow of the river. Later, the water released from storage met with a condition in the river, a channel restricted and clogged with ice, the result being an overflow and excessive ice formation in the river valley. The opinion is advanced that, under the normal conditions of the river, or where the normal discharge is fairly large and constant the ice troubles will be very appreciably reduced. It is therefore expected that, with the building of a power plant upon the Cascade, immediately below the storage dam, and the consequent nearly con- stant discharge, the channel will be kept in fair condition, which ^vall go far to eliminate the trouble. The discharge from Spray Lake basins will take even longer to reach the plants, so that any attempt at regulation would be of little benefit; it is therefore proposed in regard to that basin to keep the flow fairly constant during the low water period, and do any necessary regulation near the plants. A fairly large flow or discharge from Spray lakes will, it is expected, elimin- ate, to a very great extent, the trouble and losses due to ice. During the last winter season, the river was examined for a distance of about 8 miles, and while the flow was fairly large, the amount of ice formed was comparatively small, only at two or three points in the section examined was there evidence of block- ing and overflow; these were of very small extent. The manipulation of the proposed Bow lake storage presents further diffi- culties, but by special treatment these may be overcome. To attempt to secure a continuous discharge from that source throughout the winter months, would mean practically the entire loss of the value of the storage, the nature of the channel through which the water flows being very simi- lar to that of the Cascade for nearly the entire length above Laggan. In order that the maximum benefit may be secured from this basin, it is proposed to 146 DEPARTME'NT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 release the water during one or two months only and hold it through the severe weather, say from December to March. In some years it may be found ad- vantageous not to release any water during November, but hold the whole amount for use during March and April; this would probably secure the greatest efl&ciency, for the release of water during November might mean a loss of a considerable amount owing to cold weather towards the end of the month, while in March and April the conditions for discharging are improving. >LATE XXII NOTE Flow regulated -from Proposed and Present Reservoirs. Power- Percentage of Time Curves OF THE BOW RIVER AT MISSION POWER SITE Period : May J 909 to Apri I J9I2 . Head ■ 47 ft ,80% Efficiency To accompany report on Power and Storage I nvesUigation by M.C. Hendry. BASc CfhyV^e-^^r*^ Cor.olt.^ tng.„ Percentage of T NOTE Regulated flow of River is result of using Present and Proposed Storage Power - Percentage of Time Curves OF THE BOW RIVER *T GHOST POWER SITE Period : May 1909 to April 1912. Head ■ 50 f t . 80% Efficiency To accompany report on Power and Storage Investgalion — by MC Hendry. B.ft 5c _ PLATE XXIV NOTE ^ Regulated flow of Ri vie r is result jf using Present and Proposed Storage Pow ER ■ Percentage of Time Curves OF THE BOW RIVER AT RADNOR POWER SITE Period: May 1909 to April J9I2 . Head - 4-4 ft . 80% Efficiency To accompany report on Ftay/erand Stora^ Investigation by M.C. Hendry B.A.Sc BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e CHAPTER XII. IRRIGATION. General. The question of the effect of the creation of storage upon irrigation require- ments is one which must be considered at the same time as that of its effect on the power interests. Calgary lies on the western and Regilia on the eastern limit of a dry belt, in which the soil is, for the most part, very fertile. From time to time irrigation has been attempted in this district, the first scheme being on Fish creek as early as 1879. Numerous other small schemes were Instituted, but it was not until 1893 that an undertaking of any magnitude was begun. The two largest undertakings were those of the Calgary Hydraulic Company, with head-works on the Elbow river west of Calgary, and the Calgary Irrigation Company, whose head-works were also on the Elbow river; by the end of 1894 there were projects of all sizes in operation to the total number of seventy. The increase in irrigation undertakings was continuous until, by the year 1902, the number of ditches in operation was 169, capable of irrigating 614,684 acres. Recently some of the schemes have been abandoned ; one of these is that of the Calgary Hydraulic Company. About 1905 the Canadian Pacific Railwaj- Company became an active advocate of irrigation, and instituted the scheme wiiich, at present, is the largest and most comprehensive reclamation undertaking in the Canadian West; a main channel with head-works just below the junction of the Bow and Elbow rivers carries W'ater to ifrrigate land to the north and east of Calgary, while the principal undertaking is farther to the east, and it has recently con- structed a large dam near Bassano to serve 513,000 acres of irrigable land. Relation of Power and Irrigation Requirements. It is well to recognize that the agricultural hidustry, with its accompany- ing irrigation requirements, is pre-eminent in this locality, and must con- sequentl}' take precedence of all power requirements as regards the use of water. When this investigation of the Bow river water supply was first under- taken there was some apprehension that possibly there might be a conflict of interests in the adjustment of water supply. As, however, the investigations were proceeded with and broadened it was rapidly discovered that instead of any interference there was, on the other hand, rather a co-operative effect. On the broad principle that any storage project will equally assist both power production and irrigation in supplying ample water for their requirements, it is obvious that there can be no interference of rights if the river discharge is equitably controlled so as to be uniform throughout the spring and autumn. Fortunately the requirements for irrigation exist only throughout what may be termed high and normal water periods of the river, commencing not earlier than April 7 and extending not later than September 30. Of these summer months at least three have high flood discharge on this river, whilst the other two, viz., May and September, produce discharges larger than the proposed new regulated flow of 1,500 second-feet at, say, Morley. The effect 148 BEPARTME'ST OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 of the withdrawal of water by storage on the high summer flood, camiot be such as to interfere with efficient irrigation; on the contrary, provision is made for the future, because such a large supply cannot be maintained throughout the entire irrigable season, and the month of April is much improved by storage while September remains as before. Under any circumstances, during the operations of water control and supply from storage reservoirs, the requirements of irrigation should be kept clearly in mind, and in the face of a threatened shortage, the reasonable demands of irrigation must be given precedence. 148 of the ■v^ as to in the futi entire i while S< Un supply clearly i of irriga 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 APPENDIX I. RECOMMENDATIONS RE A POLICY OF STORAGE AND REGULATION ON THE BOW RIVER. BY C. H. MITCHELL, C.E. 149 BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 151 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 RECOMMENDATIONS RE POLICY OF STORAGE AND REGULATION ON THE BOW RIVER. (By C. H. Mitchell, C.E.) March 31, 1914. J. B. Challies, Esq., Superintendent of Water Power Branch, Department of the Interior, Ottawa. Dear Sir, — In concluding my investigations and study of the Bow river and its basin with respect to water supply, storage and regulation of discharge, I have the following to bring to 3'our attention. This report embraces recom- mendations and suggestions for giving practical effect to the conclusions which we have reached. Scope. The conclusions herein contained have reference to the water supply question solely with respect to the regulation and control of the river so as to equalize the discharge in the most advantageous manner for power purposes keeping in mind the requirements of irrigation. General. If the country in the foot-hills east of the Rockies and within transmission radius of the Bow river is to be encouraged as an industrial region, the utiliza- tion of its natural resources is an economic necessity and the utmost develop- ment of the water power of the Bow river is a logical outcome. In this region there are already rapidly-growing industrial communities and their steady growth is dependent on probably no more important factor than an ample supply of power. The Bow river is peculiar in that, in its natural condition, its high summer- flood discharge is upwards of seventy times its low-water winter discharge, a condition which obviously renders its use, in its present state, unsuitable, inefficient and commercially unfeasible for power purposes. The investigations which have been carried on during the past two years, the results of which have been embodied in the general report of Mr. Hendry and in which I have collaborated, ijidicate that if the Bow river is to be an efficient commercial source of power and at the same time to afTord all ample water supply for irrigation purposes it is absolutely necessary that the river be regulated and controlled so as to ensure a fixed and useful supply of water con- tinuously throughout the year. Conditions to be Met. If the improvement of Bow river is undertaken for the advantage of the power and irrigation industries it is obvious that it should be done by, and remain under the control of, the Government because of the many conflicting interests of water demand which would be involved. In addition to the irri- 152 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 gation interests, there are, or are likely to be, several power companies all re- quiring water in some degree of uniformity throughout the year. Such being the case, it is evident that once the storage system is constructed, its satisfactory operation, impartial and efficient, can be secured only through the medium of some central official body, exercising an absolute control over the water supply so as to obtain the greatest advantage and efficiency to the largest proportion of public users. All users must be made parties to the arrangement so as to make it completely co-operative. Policy to be Framed. If this water supply project is undertaken as a work of public benefit by the Dominion Government, it would naturally be the function of the Water Power Branch of the Department of the Interior to carry it out and subsequently administer its operation. To carry this to a successful issue, looking to the distant as well as the immediate future, it appears to me that a definite depart- mental policy will require to be framed with respect to: — A. — -Investigations as to: (1) the requirements and the possibilities, and as to (2) the betterment of the conditions under which the project is to be administered and operated. B.^ — Construction of storage reservoirs and regulating works on the river and its head-waters. C. — Operation of the storage, and regulating works for the benefit of all concerned. There need be no alteration in the policy of the department with respect to power sites, leases and operative conditions thereof except in so far as they may be affected by the supply of the additional water furnished under the storage and regulating project. A. — Investigation.- — The work which has been carried on by the Water Power Branch on the Bow river during the past two years, the results of which are now being published, constitutes practically the whole of the investigation pre- liminary to the undertaking of this project. So far as it has been possible to carry this investigation up to the present, it is reasonably complete, pending the development of a definite policy to be laid down. Some of the data upon which the general project is based, being obtained from various sources, have by necessity been meagre because of the short period over which the investigations have been made. It has been necessarj' to em- ploy data which were originally made for other purposes and with another viewpoint, whilst on the other hand, if data obtained especially for this purpose were to be secured, a long term of years would elapse and the project be delayed in its consummation. On account of the foregoing, it appears now to be necessarj- to continue the periodic collection of data and to further investigate the performance of the river and its tributaries so that as time goes on, whether actual construction is entered upon or not, a continuous cycle of records becomes available. This applies more particularly to: (1) River gaugings, more especially on the separate tributaries; (2) precipitation records, especially in new stations nearer the head- waters and at a higher altitude; (3) temperature records at the same stations; (4) observations on the diminution of glaciers; (5) observations regarding water elevations along Bow river; (6) effect of winter conditions on the flow in the Bow river tributaries; and (7) observations regarding seepage. It is also of the greatest importance that, after operation of the storage works is commenced, a careful study and analysis be made of the performance of the various storage basins, their sources, water supplied by the various tributaries of the river and their performance during regulating operations in the winter months and the other controlling factors entering into the regulation of water supply so as to secure the best results. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e B. — Construction. — The construction work involved in this project in its entirety, in accordance with the report, comprises storage and regulating dams on: — ■ 1. Lake Minnewanka. 2. Bow lake 3. Spray River canyon (Spray lakes). In order to carry this whole project to its logical conclusion, it is evident that the construction of these reservoirs should be undertaken as a Government work in the same manner as the Government constructs other public improvements for the benefit of the locality or the country at large. This undertaking has a strong point in its favour, in that the Government can vevy rightly recover the whole or a portion of the cost of the work in the form of annual rentals charged to the various users for the additional water thus supplied. These rentals can be adjusted amongst the various power companies or power sites in the leases given by the department, and be recoverable with the annual power rentals. The basis of water charge can be adjusted either according to quantity of water used or to power produced, arranged on some equitable scale. The first of the foregoing works has already been constructed and was finished in time to catch the 1912 summer flood; the performance of this reservoir and its regulation during the past winter has been made the subject of con- siderable study and will form the basis of the further investigations which I have suggested above. This reservoir with its accessory works was constructed at the expense of the Calgary Power Company with an arrangement whereby the Government may take it over at cost at any time in the future, and on this account the w^ork was done under the supervision of the Government's engineers and accepted by them with a view to its ultimately becoming a part of the proposed storage and regulation system. In this respect, therefore, the waj' is already prepared for carrying out the Governmental policy outlined above. Co-operation. As has already been stated, it is necessary to the success of the project that the operation of the storage and regulation be solely under the control of the Government. The authority could best be vested in an engineer located on the ground, say at Banff, who would apportion the water and adjudicate between the users and he, through his several assistants, would actually carry out this process from day to day or week to week as the occasion might arise. These operations would apply to water for irrigation purposes as well as for power. In addition to these duties of regulation, this Engineer would also be charged with continuing and collecting the various data and information already outlined consequent upon operation. The cost of up-keep and maintenance of the works, as well as the expense of the actual operation of the regulation by the Government, can be apportioned yearl}^ amongst the various users in the same manner as already outlined for repayment of the construction cost. Recommendations. In conclusion, and in accordance with the foregoing I have the following recommendations to offer as being designed to meet the general conditions: — 1. That the investigations on the Bow River basin be continued for the purpose of making the data more complete and useful in the subsequent operation of the project. 2. That the Government undertake the further construction of storage reservoirs and regulating works and provide for the repayment of their cost by means of annual rentals charged to users of water. 154 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A- 1915 3. That a scheme for operating these storage reservoirs and for regulating and controlling the discharge of the river be adopted and put into practical working effect by the Government, and that the annual cost of same be charged to the users in the same manner as the original cost. 4. That as soon as the project is put into working effect (or sooner), the existing storage works at lake Minnewanka be acquired and its regula- tion and operation be taken over by the Government according to the terms of the existing agreement with the Power Company, Yours very trulv, C. H. MITCHELL. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 APPENDIX II PROPOSED DAM AT SPRAY LAKES HEPORT BY G. R. G. CONWAY, C.E. 155 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 157 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 REPORT PROPOSED DAM AT SPRAY RIVER, B.C. (By G. R. G. Conway, C.E.) Vancouver, B.C., April 6, 1914. To J. B. Challies, Esq., Superintendent, Water Power Branch, Department of the Interior, Ottawa. Proposed Dam at Spray River, British Columbia. Sir, — In accordance with your request, I have reviewed the available data that you have obtained with regard to the possibilities of constructing a storage dam at the Spray River canyon in Alberta. The construction of a dam with a proposed maximum height of 160 feet in a place so remote from rail transportation involves the consideration of several points that are of extreme importance when considering the subject from the economical standpoint. The difficulties of access to the site and high cost of materials that may require to be transported to that site, makes it imperative to select a type of dam that while absolutely safe shall be constructed at the lowest cost. From careful consideration of the data available with regard to the proposed location, 1 believe, subject to further investigation as to the foundation conditions, that a dam can be safel}^ constructed there either of concrete masonry, rock-fill, or of earth work, the latter either of the ordinary type or constructed by the hydraulic-fill method. To determine the approximate cost of a concrete dam designed either as a gravity dam or one of the arch type, much careful exploration work by means of test pits and diamond drill borings is absolutely necessary; but after taking into consideration the high cost of cement and materials, and the difficulty of transporting the large amount of plant necessary for its construction a distance of 30 miles from the Canadian Pacific Railway, it is obvious that an approximate estimate, based upon reasonable assumptions with regard to foundation con- ditions makes it necessary to dismiss a proposal for a concrete dam from practical consideration. I have, though, made an approximate estimate of the cost of a typical gravity dam for the purpose of comparison with other types. From the general geological character of the canyon, the type of dam most suitable for the location is either one of a rock-fill type or an earthen dam, preferably of the hydraulic-fill type. Rock-fill Dam. — -A dam of the best rock-fill type, such, for example, as the Morena dam in California, is quite feasible and entirely suitable for the site, and satisfactory rock could be quarried at a convenient elevation so that the material could be handled by gravity at an economical figure. This type, how- ever, involves the use of large quantities of concrete for obtaining a water- tight upstream face, and considerable plant to handle the rock economically, and, in addition, its construction would be prolonged over several seasons. An approximate estimate shows, too, that its cost is prohibitive. Earth Dam. — From a consideration of the materials available at the site at a suitable elevation so as to be economically placed in the dam, I am of the opinion that a dam of the hydraulic-fill type which has been proposed is the most suitable and economical one to adopt. 25e— 12 153 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A- 1915 This type has already been adopted in building two large dams in British Columbia, one a dam 1 ,000 feet long and 60 feet high at Bear creek, Vancouver island, for the Vancouver Island Power Company, where the construction of the dam had to be carried on in a very inaccessible region and under severe winter conditions, and the other a dam at the outlet of Coquitlam lake, for the Vancouver Power Company. The latter dam is 99 feet high and contains nearly 600,000 cubic yards of material. Both of these dams have been built of glacial drift, and in the case of Coquitlam a homogeneous dam of clay con- crete of an excellent character was obtained. In my opinion the glacial clays of British Columbia afford the very finest material for constructing a satis- factory dam if the materials are graded with skill, and are infinitely superior to clays of a purer and richer character. From a consideration of the samples that were examined by Mr. G. L. Albert, it appears that a satisfactory grading of materials could be obtained for forming an impervious core. The chief difficulty, in my opinion, however, is in the apparent scarcity of heavy boulders for the outer slopes, a scarcity which may, however, be overcome by quarrying quantities of rock near the site for incorporation with the sluiced material. In constructing a dam of the height proposed, which is well below the limit of the height of a number of other similar dams that have been successfully completed, great care must be taken to ensure the provision of ample rock toes of Cyclopean rubble, and at the same time to limit the amount of fine impervious material in the centre of the dam only to what is necessary to ensure water tightness. In the construction of the Necaxa dam No. 2 in Mexico, a dam 190 feet in height, the preponderance of rich claj^s and fine impervious material was the cause of serious disaster, and in the reconstruction of that dam, as actuall}^ built, the rock toes were so heavy and massive that the proportion of impervious material was reduced considerably beyond that called for in the original design; in fact, the revised design differs in very many important essentials from that as originally published.^ The lessons learned from the part- ial failure of the Necaxa dam are very instructive, and must be borne in mind in designing dams of the hydraulic-fill type. The available materials for the hydraulic-fill at the Spray canyon appear to me to be eminently satisfactory for obtaining a properly graded fill through- out the major portion of the dam. The proportions of sand and gravel are such that a proper drainage of the interior mass can be obtained so that the stability of the whole can be secured. The material appears to be lacking in large boulders of rock, but the proximity to the dam location of an excellent site for quarrying limestone rock will enable large quantities to be secured if neces- sary at an economical cost for the outer or more porous section of the dam so as to increase its stability. From the general character of the rock, it would appear possible to break it up with black powder into comparatively small fragments and convey it by sluicing to the dam. After carefully studying the available information, I have proposed in the sketch attached herewith the main outline of a suitable maximum cross-section of the dam. Further information should be available before the exact founda- tion conditions are settled, and I would recommend that a series of test pits be sunk along the centre line of the proposed dam. The base of the dam for a distance of 400 feet along the river bed should be thoroughly cleaned to expose bedrock, and the whole of the site should be thoroughly cleared of all roots, stumps, and loose material, and a core wall of concrete, carried well into the bedrock across the river-bed and stepped up the side slopes, is, in my judgment, necessary to obtain a perfectly water-tight seal between the joint rock and the impervious material; but there is no necessitj' for this core wall being carried more than 4 to 6 feet high above the rock level. » See page 243, Trans. Am. Soc. C.E., vol. Ivlii. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e The provision of a centre core wall of the full height of the dam would not only involve a heavy expenditure, but would be unnecessary, and, in fact, dangerous, because of its interference with the proper drainage of the glacial material in a dam of the character proposed. The only justification for core walls in hydraulic-fill dams is where there is a danger from burrowing rodents, and even in such cases reliance upon properly riprapped slopes would be more satisfactory, but I believe the danger of damage from burrowing animals at the Spra}^ canyon site is not present. In the Bear Creek dam, Jordan river, a satisfactory cut-off wall was ob- tained where the rock lay 30 to 40 feet below the surface, by the use of interlocking steel piles. In the Coquitlam dam a core wall about 4 feet high was constructed on the east bank, founded on the rock ledge, but this wall was not carried across the clay foundation. In the design which I have indicated, allowance has been made for heavy cyclopean rock toes, upstream and downstream, and if it was found economical to quarry rock, these toes could be increased considerably beyond the dimensions shown, with advantage. In constructing the dam, two seasons will be required for the sluicing. In the construction of the Coquitlam dam 77,700 yards of material were sluiced into place during one month in a run of 528 hours, with a monitor pressure of 80 pounds per square inch, representing with a twenty hours' daily run, an average of 2,800 yards daily. The special conditions, however, existing at this dam permitted that quantity to be safely sluiced into the work owing to the massive proportions of the heavy cyclopean rock-fill toes and broad bases, but in the case of the dam at the Spray canyon, to obtain proper drainage of the materials, this speed should not be attempted, owing to the rapid increase of height which would be obtained in so short a dam. If the total quantity of material to be placed in the dam, amounting to approximately 500,000 cubic yards, excluding the rock toes, tw^o shifts daily of ten hours each, at an average of 1,500 cubic yards, will mean eleven months' work distributed over two w^ork- ing seasons. It is advisable during the winter months to close down the work entirely, otherwise the cost would be excessive. I have proposed that the up- stream slope should be heavily riprapped, and near the crest the riprapping should be grouted or laid in cement so as to prevent wave action (which will probably be considerable), from damaging the dam at high-water line. In addition to the diversion tunnel, I believe a spillway having a capacity of not less than 12,000 cubic feet per second should be provided on the west bank, as this quantity might have to be discharged under flood conditions with a fuU reservoir, and a possible accident at the intake tower at the same time. This spillway should be excavated down to the level of the rock, and if necessary a concrete wall carried across so as to bring it to the required level, and a channel excavated, or a retaining wall built, so as to prevent the water overflowing on to the down- stream face of the dam. The exact location of the spillway and channel can be determined when locating the borrow pits so as to reduce the excavation as much as possible. The design of the intake tower and the construction of the tunnel presents no difficulties. Duplicate sets of valves of the Stoney pattern similar to those in use at the Coquitlan-Buntzen tunnel can be easily adapted for control pur- poses. I have given careful consideration to the cost of building this dam, and believe the hydraulic-fill type can be constructed at a considerably less cost than any other type. One of the principal items involved, viz., that of sluicing the hydraulic-fill, varies considerably in different dams. At Bear creek, Jordan river, where 160,000 cubic yards were placed in position by the hydraulic method, the cost, including plant, etc., amounted to 49^ cents per cubic yard; at the Coquitlam dam the labour cost varied in different months between ten cents and 25e— 12i 160 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A- 1915 twenty-two cents a cubic yard; the average labour cost, including the con- struiction of flumes, their removal, etc., during the whole period of sluicing 450,000 cubic yards was 17 cents; the average cost, including plant, pumping, power (electric energy charged }/2 cent per k.w.h.) and superintendence was 29 cents per cubic yard. The convenient position of the borrow pits at the Spray Canyon site and the class of material, together with an available water power for a temporary hydro- electric installation, should make an estimate of 30 cents a cubic yard a sufficient one. This figure, however, may be a little low if it is found necessary to quarry rock to incorporate in the hydraulic fill at the outer slopes of the dam. I estimate that not less than 15 per cent of the quantities of material in the dam (exclusive of the rock toes) will require to be of large boulders or rock, say about 75,000 cubic yards. For the cyclopean rock toes, the loose rock obtained in stripping the found- ations in the centre of the dam and the excavations from the tunnel may be utilized to advantage. To the estimate in Mr. Hendry's report, I should prefer, to be on the conservative side, to add the sum of $44,000 to item No. 5 for heavy cyclopean rock toes, and with the available information which you have already obtained, I believe the sum of $558,000 as the cost of constructing the dam to be a reasonably approximate one, although the estimates may require revision upon fuller investigation and exploration work. From estimates which I have prepared, the following is a comparative estimate of the cost of different types of dams: — - Concrete Dam $1,350,000.00 S8.00 per acre-foot. Rock Fill Dam (288,000 cu. yds.) . 810,000.00 4.75 '' " " Hydraulic Fill Dam 558,000.00 3.25 " " " Even if the above estimate for an hydraulic-fill dam is slightly exceeded, its cost will be very economical and reasonable, and will compare most favourably with that obtained by the construction of other high dams, and the available water storage will have been obtained at a much lower cost than has been ob- tained by the building of other storage dams in British Columbia and on the Pacific coast. I recommend further explorations of the foundations, and believe it to be important to obtain a report from a competent geologist dealing with the strati- graphical features of the site and basin. The proposal to build a dam at this site appears to be an excellent one, and from the information already available would appear to present no special engineering difficulties. Yours faithfully, G. R. G. CONWAY. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 16t SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e COMMENT ON MR. CONWAY'S REPORT BY MR. HENDRY. In order that the effect of the increased cost of the Spray Canyon dam, as estimated by Mr. Comvay, upon the cost of power from the several develop- ments, may be seen, the following has been prepared: — Estimated Cost of Dam. Roads, etc $ 25,000.00 Temporary power plant 30 ,000 .00 Preliminary, foundations, etc 40,000.00 Sluice tunnel and control 117 ,000 . 00 Dam, core wall, spillway, etc 165 ,000 .00 Clearing _ _ 38,000.00 Engineering, contingencies and interest 99 , 000 . 00 Rock toes (as per Mr. Conway's report) 44,000.00 Giving a total of $558,000.00 To the above should be added the charges due to engineering, contingencies and interest on $44,000, which amount to, say $12,000, giving a grand total of $570,000 as the cost of creating storage at Spray lakes. The total estimated cost of creating storage on the Bow river sufficient to ensure a minimum flow of 1,500 c.f.s. would be as follows: — Estimated cost Spray Lake storage $570,000.00 " Bow Lake " 105,000.00 " LakeMinnewanka " 140,000.00 Total $815,000.00 On the basis of a minimum flow of 1,500 c.f.s. the total continuous output of the river would be 47,300 w.h.p. Therefore cost of storage per w.h.p. is $17 . 23, in place of $16.03 per w.h.p. as per estimate in the report. The cost of power from the several plants under this increase is set forth in the following table: — Plant. Bow Fort. Mission. Ghost. Cost of plant 1$ 780,4.30.00 Storage charges 155,070 00 Transmission, etc 86,400.00 Total capital cost U, 021, 900. 00 Annual charges S 117, 518 . 00 Annual charges per h.-p I 16. 09 Annual charges per h.-p. on 50 per cent load factor 32.18 Annual charges per k.w. on 50 per cent load factor I 42.91 Annual charges per k.w. on 50 per cent load factor under former estimate 42.48 8748,100.00 ' $782,966.00 110,445.00 117,500.00 64,700.00 , 70,577.00 $106,173.00 20.03 40.06 53.41 52.98 $111,670.00 18.92 37.84 50.45 50.09 Radnor. $711,100.00 103,400.00 62,400.00 $923,245.00 $971,043.00 $876,900.00 $100,843.00 19.39 38.78 51.71 51.33 From the above it will be seen that the increased estimated cost has very little effect upon the actual cost of producing power from the several plants. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 APPENDIX III PROPOSED DAM AT SPRAY LAKES REPORT BY GEO. L. ALBERT. 163 BOW RIYER POWER AND STORAGE 1G5 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 PROPOSED DAM AT SPRAY LAKES (By Geo. L. Albert). Banff, Alta., July 19, 1913. Mr. M. C. Hendry, B.A.Sc, Chief Engineer, Bow River Survey. Dear Sir, — According to the agreement made with you at Coquitlam dam, I beg to hand you herewith report upon the investigation made by me, during the past few days, into the feasibility of placing a hydraulic-fill dam in the canyon on Spray river below Spray lakes; also the suitability of the adjacent material to that form of construction. Canyon and Formation. The canyon is a deep, narrow gorge, formed in limestone, and evidently following the course of an old fault. I found that the bedding planes of the limestone on the west wall of canyon were lying nearly horizontal, east and west, and with a slight dip, or strike, south; the canyon wall on this west side rising to an elevation of about 160 feet above river-bed, and is very precipitous but not so nearly vertical as on the east side. On east wall the bedding planes have been turned up nearly vertical, running north and south with, or paralleling, the river, and rising to an elevation of about 200 feet or more above the river-bed. Dam Sites. I first made a general examination of the canyon and selected three points for study and comparison, which I will distinguish by numbering as follows: — Site No. 1, or Lower, Site No. 2, or Middle, Site No. 3, or Upper. Site No. 1 is at the narrowest part of gorge, 1,000 or 1,200 feet downstream from the beginning of the canyon, with the center line of the proposed dam falling across the river through the center of the cliff. At this point it approxi- mated very nearly to the site pointed out by you as the one having been selected. This site would require less material, likely, than either site No. 2 or site No. 3; but after a careful study and examination of the walls. I found that the west wall is shattered and seamy for some depth into the side of wall from top to bottom, necessitating expensive cleaning. The east wall is very clean on the face; but back in the wall from about 25 to 40 feet, the strata are badly seamed and parted, plainly showing the effects of the milling in the faulting: and the seams being partly refilled with hydrated fragments, and very porous, would make a good seal doubtful without a great deal of special work. Both rock walls rise to a sufficient height to admit of a dam of the proposed elevation, which is, I understand, approximately 160 feet. Site No. 2 is 150 or 200 feet upstream from site No. 1, with all conditions as at site No. 1, except that all of the shattered material on the west side, and all of the seamed and hydrated materials on the east side have been torn off, and worked and slid away; so that little or no work would be necessary to secure an absolutely safe seal to a good bonding surface. 166 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A- 1915 It is possible that the yardage may be slightly greater at this point than it would be at site No. 1; but this could be ascertained later on by measure- ments which I could not make at this time. The problem of spillway involved would be the same at both sites, Nos. 1 and 2. They are simple, as you know, and very natural. The cleaning of the river-bed also would be about the same; and with the surface indications, and what examination I was able to make at this time, I have no doubt that a good tight bottom could be easily reached. Also, the diversion of river water, etc., would be equal. Site No. 3 is still further upstream, being at the upper end of the canyon. A good foundation can no doubt be had there, and the height of dam would be reduced some 15 or 20 feet. On account of the dip of the rock formation to the south on the west side, the solid rock would not be high enough for spill- way floor; also, there would likely be a porous stratum betw^een the surface of the rock formation and the overlying glacial material on this side. As it necessitated more exploration work than I was able to give it at this time, I accordingly abandoned it for the present. After careful consideration and comparison of the best points along the canyon, I have selected site No. 2 for recommendation, the reasons being as follows : — First. — The problem of foundation in the present river-bed would be equal at all points along the gorge, no doubt. Second. — The preparation and cleaning for foundation and bond along the entire centre line above the present river-bed involves very much less expense at site No. 2 than at any of the other points, and this site indicates a very much more perfectly solid foundation free of all seams. Third. — Considering the profile along the centre line, across a deep, narrow gorge, as this gorge is, it would be the flatter at site No. 2, which is of consider- able value to the poise, or rest, of the hydraulic material; for the reason that there is much less tendency of the material in the final drying out and shrink- ing, to curl or break the bond with the solid formation at or near the top of fill, on the flatter profile, than there would be with the nearly vertical walls, as at site No. 1. Fourth. — The work involved in creating a spillway and providing for river diversion would be the same at sites 1 and 2. Material for Sluicing. The solid limestone formation on both sides of the canyon is covered by a glacial material, principally of disintegrated limestone hydraulically deposited to varying depths, and over an extensive area. On the east side, at sites 1 and 2, the bedrock rises to a much greater elevation than on the west side. The deposited material is much thinner here, but ample and available. On the west side, the deposit of material is from 80 to 100 feet deep; is easily available and ample; and apparently contains clay, sand, fine and coarse gravel, cobbles and boulders, in very desirable proportions to meet the require- ments of an hydraulic-fill. It is composed of disintegrated limestone, its natural gravity corresponding to the limestone, which has a verv heavy gravity — about 2.7. Therefore it is my opinion that a dam with slopes of 2 : 1 on back side, and 3 : 1 on water side, with a 35-foot or 40-foot crest, would make an abso- lutely safe, stable, impermeable fill, safely and economically adapted to this particular location. Classification, location, and explanation of samples of materials taken at various points in the basin below the lakes and on down to the sites: — The samples were taken from excavations I made into the materials at many BOW BITER POWER AXD STORAGE 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e points; the samples being panned or washed in water in such a manner as to separate and grade the material, showing approximately the percentage of the fine and coarse material combine. Commencing at the lake on both sides, I made a very careful examination of all material from river level to the top of the hills, and on below sides, by making many test holes, and only taking samples where a marked difference in class would show. As generally taken, the material was sufficiently uniform to be judged, as a whole, as almost ideal material for the work proposed. As pre- viously stated herein, the deposits being much deeper on the west side than on the east side, and consequently being at a lower level on the west side, the percentages of clay and fine sand are greater than on the east side; more particularly so near bedrock, the coarser materials lying nearer the top. The great depth of the deposit and very convenient location suggests the west side for the choice of borrow pits. The percentages given below of the various samples do not show accurately the proportions as found in each small sample of about one-half cubic foot of the material washed; but gives very closely the proportions of the aggregate at the place of taking, considered as deposited in an hydraulic-fill. I have delivered to you two samples of the best clay and sand deposit, which I would suggest that you have tested. The sample of the pulverized material is from an exposed bank of clay on west side, and about 300 feet upstream from site No. 2. It is off the surface, and is principally clay and fine sand. The solid sample is from an excavation made in an old slide near the upper end of canyon on west side. I estimated that it contained about 15 per cent of moisture when first taken out, and about 60 per cent of clay and fine sand, and about 25 per cent of coarse sand and gravel. This material alone would give more puddle material than would be neces- sary; but estimating the whole deposit as taken in the construction, there is sufficient of all grades to make it especially good. The tests of all samples on west side, taken near bedrock, showed about as these samples: — Moisture .15 Clay and fine sand .60 Coarse sand and gravel .25 1.00 The samples taken at from 25 to -10 feet above bedrock were much coarser, and, not considering moisture, showed as follows: — Clay 30 Fine sand .10 Coarse sand .15 Gravel 25 West Side. Cobbles and boulders -20 1.00 The samples taken at and near the top of deposit showed: — Clay 10 Fine sand 10 Coarse sand -20 Gravel .25 West Side. Cobbles and boulders .35 1.00 168 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Of the samples tested on east side along the top wall of canyon, above sites 1 and 2, the material near bedrock was of about the same uniformity, averaging about: — • Clay 20 Fine sand .10 Coarse sand .20 Gravel 25 East Side. Cobblestones .25 1.00 Samples taken at slide just below lake showed very little clay and fine sand, or about: — Clay 03 Fine sand .05 Coarse sand .10 Fine gravel .25 Coarse gravel .50 Cobbles 07 1.00 Conclusion. Examination and tests of all materials show them to be of very first-class quality for building a first-class hydraulic-fill dam of height required. Dam site location No. 2 is absolutely beyond question. There is timber available for trestles, and most other necessities. There is water under sufficient head to provide ample power, and very handily. Construction of road for transportation not excessive. In my opinion it is altogether a first-class scheme, and I can very readily recommend it. Awaiting your acknowledgments, I beg to remain, Yours faithfully, GEO. L. ALBERT, Supt. of Construction, Lake Coquitlam dam, also Canyon Creek dam, Lake Francis dam, Acatlan dam, Laguna dam, Los Reyes dam, and others. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 APPENDIX IV RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF SLUICING MATERIAL REPORT BY FRANK T. SHUTT, M. A., F. I. C, D. S.c, Dominion Chemist. IG 5 GEORGE V. BOW RITEB POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 171 A. 1915 RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF SLUICING MATERIALS. (Frank T. Shutt, M. A., F. I. C, D. Sc, Dominion Chemist.) Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, August 21, 1913. J. T. Johnston, Esq., Hydraulic Engineer, Water Power Branch; Department of the Interior, Ottawa, Ont. Re "Hydraulic Fill" Lahy. Nos. 15S64-6. Dear Sir, — The two samples of ''fill" forwarded with your letter of recent date, have been submitted to mechanical anah^sis and the following results obtained: Sani-ple A. — A hard conglomerate of gravel, sand and clay, in large lumps. Readily disintegrates in water. Sample B. — Chiefly in small lumps and consisting of sand and clay with small stones. Analysis of Fills. No. Type. Obtained by. Size of Particles. Percentage A. B. I. Coarse gravel and stones ; Fine gravel Coarse sand Fine sand .Silt, with fine sand 2 mm. sieve Mms. 2 to 200. . . . lto2 •5to 1 •05 to -b... •005 to -05. •0005 and finer to • 005 23^80 4^71 3-27 19 07 9-75 39-40 18-64 II. III. IV. V. I mm. sieve •5 mm. sieve Rapid settlement. . . . . Slower sedimentation. By difference 3- 57 253 15^33 7^64 VI. Clay 52-29 Under separate cover we send specimens of the types mentioned in this table (with the exception of VI), as obtained from "A." These will probably enable you the better to comprehend the character of the various components into which we separated the material. Yours faithful!}^, FRANK T. SHUTT, Dominion Chemist. :5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 APPENDIX V THE GEOLOGY OF THE BOW RIVER BASIN BY CHARLES CAMSELL, B. Sc, Ph. D. 25e— 13 173 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 THE GEOLOGY OF THE BOW RIVER BASIN (By Charles Camsell, B.Sc, Ph. D.) INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT. The information contained in this portion of the report is compiled wholly from reports of officers of the Geological Survey, and mainly from those of Dawsoa, McConnell, Cairnes, Dowling, and Allan. Much of it is copied verbatim from the Guide Books prepared by J. A. Allan and D. B. Dowling for the Inter- national Geological Congress in 1913. The following reports deal more fully with the geology of certain portions> of the Bow River basin: — Dawson, G. M. — Preliminary report on the Physical and Geological Features of that portion of the Rocky mountains between latitude 49° and 51° 30'. Geol. Surv. of Can., vol. 1, part B, 1885. McConnell, R. G. — On the Geological Structure of a portion of the Rock}' moun- tains, Geol. Surv. of Can., vol. 2, part D, 1886. Dowling, D. B.— Report on the Cascade Coal Basin. Geol. Surv., Can., No. 949. Cairnes, D. B. — Report on the Moose Mountain District, Geol. Surv., Can., No. 968, 1907. Allan, J. A. — Rocky Mountains — Guide Book No. 8, part 2, page 167. Dowling, D. B. — Winnipeg to Bankhead, Guide Book No. 8, part 1, page 77. General Physical Features. The basin of Bow river west of Calgary lies on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountain system, between latitude 50° 30' and latitude 51° 45'. In this basin are three distinct types of topographic form, the western, including the rugged alpine region of the eastern ranges of th3 Rocky Mountain system, the middle covering the more rolling foothills region, and the eastern the level plains region about Calgary. The Rocky mountains here, as elsewhere, are made up of a series of i)aralbl ranges striking about N. 30° W., and coinciding more or less closely with the general trend of the main mountain system. Between the ranges are deep longitudinal valleys whose positions have been determined by the presence of belts of softer rocks. Crossing the ranges here and there at right angles are a number of transverse gaps through which the larger streams break on their way eastward to the plains. The pattern produced by this system of drainage is that of a series of oblong, rectangular blocks, the longer directions of which are parallel to the trend of the mountain axis, while the shorter are at right angles to it. The origin of the longitudinal valleys is directly connected with the origin of the mountains themselves. The transverse valleys, however, may represent portions of very old drainage systems which existed previous to the elevation of the mountains, or they are due to erosion of the streams along lines of weak- ness or fracturing developed during the period of mountain building. Bow river is in some places longitudinal and in others transverse. For example, from Laggan down to Sawback it occupies a longitudinal valley that 25e— 13i 176 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ; 5 GEORGE V., A. 1915 has been cut out by the stream along the crest of a fold in the strata. From Sawback it turns eastward and as far as Bankhead occupies a transverse break across the strike of the bedrock and across the trend of the ranges. It then reaches a belt of soft rocks which deflects its course again southeastward down a longitudinal valley until below Canmore it again turns at right angles and breaks through the outer ranges into the foothills region. The loftiest summits of these ranges are those about the main divide, where several individual peaks are more than 11,000 feet above sea-level. A number of mountains exceed 10,000 feet and whole ranges and groups of peaks surpass 8,000 feet. The type of mountain most commonly developed in the Bow River basin is that with a steep escarpment on the east side and a longer easy slope on the west side. This feature, like that of the longitudinal valleys, can be attributed to elevation of the mountains by thrust from the west, the strata having been folded and overturned, or broken and overthrust on each other. Erosion then produces the steep eastern slope, while the easy western slope represents the original dip of the strata. Where the summits are composed of horizontal beds of massive limestones the easy breaking of the beds along joint planes at right angles to the bedding produces mountains of which the upper parts are sheer cliffs, A later stage in decay of these mountains results in chimney or spire-like peaks. Where the limestone beds have been turned completely on edge as in the Sawback range the massive character is replaced by straight narrow crests and saw-like outlines. The break between the mountains and the foothills is sharp and distinct and marked by the abrupt escarpment-like front of the Rocky mountains. The foothills region is characterized by a group of long ridges or hills arranged in linear series, the positions of which have been determined by zones of harder rocks. The trend of the ridges is the same as in the main ranges, and to a certain extent the same general drainage pattern holds. The summits of the ridges are generally rounded and flowing, except where crested with ledges of sandstone. While the disturba;nce of the bedrock in the foothills is not less than that found in the mountains the more subdued topo- graphic outlines of the former are due to their being composed of much younger and softer rocks which are less resistant to the action of erosion and denudation. Topographically the foot-hills region merges gradually into prairie region on the east, the open rolling character of which is due primarily to the almost undisturbed attitude of its underlying bed rock. Stratigraphy. The rocks of the Bow River basin above Calgary contain representatives of almost every age from Pre-Cambrian to Recent, or from the oldest to the youngest. They are all stratified rocks and the sequence is exposed in des- cending order from east to west, the strata about the main divide being the oldest. The missing formations are those of the upper part of the Tertiary, the Silurian and the Ordovician. The last two mentioned, however, appear on the western slope of the Rocky mountains. The following table, mainly after Allan, presents the geological formations in summarized form with the approximate thicknesses and lithological char- acter of each : — BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 177 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Table of Formations. System. Formation. Lt^L. Lithology. Recent and Pleistocene. Glacial. (Erosion surface) Gravel, sand. Gravel, sand, clay, silt and conglom- erate. Till. Tertiary Paskapoo. 5,700 Yellowish sandstones and Vjluish gray and olive sandy shales. Cretaceous. Edmonton. L. IPierre 'Niobrara. . Benton Dakota... Kootenay . 700 Light coloured, soft sand-stones, shales and clays. 1 , 000 Dark gray or black shales (Bear paw shales); light coloured sandstones, I shales and clays (Bellj' River beds); and dark shales (Claggett .shales). 200 ; Sandstones and shales (Cardium). 725 Dark gray or black shales. 950 ' Sandstones and conglonicrates. 3,700 Massive and thin bedded sandstones, shales and coal seams. Jurassic Femie shale. 1,500 Dark brown to black arenaceous shale; weathers into lens-like fragments. Permian L'pper Banff shale. 1,400 Dark brown arenaceous shale weather- ing reddish and yellowish. Mississippian. Rocky Mountain quartz ite Upper Banfif lime- stone 800 White to gray quartzite and arenaceous I siliceous limestone. 2,300 Thick-bedded dark gray limestones with numerous thin cherty laj'ers underlain by thin-bedded limestone 1 and shale weathering gray. Pennsylvanian [Lower Banff shale. Lower BanfT lime- stone Intermediate lime- stone Sawback limestone (age?) 1,200 Black to dark gray shale, argillaceous and calcareous; weathering light brown. 1,500 t Thick-bedded gray limestones with I numerous dolomitic segregations. Devonian. Contact relations not known. 1,800 3,700 Thin-bedded limestones 'with alter- nating more massive layers of gray dolomitic and siliceous limestone. Thin-bedded limestone inter-bedded with less resistant layers and brown- ish and yellowish shale. Upper Cambrian. Ottertail limestone. 1,725 Massive l)lue limestones with cherty md shaly bands. Chancellor 4,500 Thinly laminated gray argillaceous and calcareous metaargillites and shales; weathering reddish, yellow- ish and fawn; underlain by highly sheared gray shales, slates, argillites and phyllite? in Ottertail valley. Sherbrooke 1,375 Thin-bedded colitic arenaceous r> I I dolomitic limestones. Paget 360 |Massive bluish giay limestones, with politic bands of dolomitic limestone. Bosworth 1 ,855 j Massive gray .-irenacoous and dolomitic limestone; weathering yellowish buff; inter-bedded with greenish .•siliceous I shale; weathering red, yellow, purple. 178 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Table of Formations. — Concluded. System. Formation. Approx. Thickness. Lithology. Middle Cambrian Eldon Stephen Cathedral Feet. 2,728 640 1,595 Massive-bedded arenaceous limestones forming cliffs and castellated crags. Thin-bedded limestone, and shale; in- cludes "Ogj-gopsis shale" in Mt. Stephen and "Burgess shale" in Mt. Field. Thin-bedded arenaceous and dolomitic limestones. Lower Cambrian Mt. Whvte 390 2,705 105 600 St. Piran bedded limestone. Ferruginous quartzitic sandstone. Compact grayish siliceous shale. Ferruginous quartzitic sandstone. Lo- cal basal conglomerate and coarse- grained sandstone. Conformable in some places. lyake Louise Fairview Pre-Cambiian Hector Corral Creek 4,590 1,320 Gray, green and purple siliceous shale with conglomerate interbedded. Quartzitic and coarse-grained sand- stone with shale interbedded. Pre-Cambrian, The Pre-Cambrian rocks are distributed along the floor and sides of Bow River valley from the base of Castle mountain to the head-waters of the stream. The lower part, known as the Corral Creek formation, consists of grey sand- stone underlain by a coarser quartzitic sandstone which in turn rests on a con- glomerate. The upper part, or Hector formation, consists mainly of grey, purplish and greenish shale, with which are interbedded bands of conglomerate. Lower Cambrian. The Lower Cambrian rocks form the base of Castle mountain and are ex- posed above the Pre-Cambrian on the western slope of Bow Valley from Vermilion creek to the head-waters of Bow river. The Fairview formation consists of brown and white quartzitic sand- stone. Locally there is a basal conglomerate on the Pre-Cambrian shales containing rounded pebbles of white quartz in a cement of quartz, feldspar and mica. The basal rock is more frequently a coarse sandstone with rounded and angular grains of quartz and feldspar. Some of the quartz grains have a glassy, almost opalescent, colour-. The Lake Louise formation, as the name suggests, is best exposed at lake Louise. The formation has a total thickness of 105 feet and consists of a ferruginous siliceous shale. It weathers more readily than the beds below or above, so that the slopes in it are more gradual. The St. Piran formation consists of massive-bedded, ferruginous quartzitic sandstone, with a total measured thickness of 2,705 feet. These beds form steep escarpments wherever they are exposed. On the west side of mount Victoria the cliffs composed of these beds are over 2,500 feet high. The brown colour of the rock is due to smoky quartz and small particles of mica in the cement. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e In sharp contrast wdth the underlying massive quartzites, there is a thin series of siliceous and calcareous shales grouped as the Blount Whyte formation. These shales are less resistant than the quartzite and form gradual slopes. Some of the layers contain numerous annelid borings and trails. ^Middle Cambriax. The Middle Cambrian consists of massive limestones and some shaly lime- stone and calcareous shale. It forms the steep escarpment of the upper part of the Castle mountain and occurs again on the summit of the main divide in the Bow range and the Waputik mountains. The Cathedral formation consists of massive and thin-bedded dolomitic limestone, which on the weathered surface becomes buff and grej'. The more massive beds are arenaceous in their composition. The Monarch mine, in mount Stephen, and other small mineral prospects in the Kicking Horse valley, are in this formation. Some of the limestone has become metamorphosed into marble. One of the best exposures of this rock is in Cathedral mountain, 4 miles east of Field. The Stephen formation is only 640 feet thick, but it is important for the number and variety of fossils which it contains. It consists of shaly limestone and calcareous shale. These beds include the "Ogygopsis shale" in mount Stephen, and the "Burgess shale" in mount Field, on the opposite side of the valley. The former includes the widely known trilobite-bearing "fossil bed," while the latter includes the new "fossil bed" discovered bv Dr. C. D. Walcott in 1910. The Eldon formation has a thickness of 2,728 feet in Castle mountain. It consists essentially of massive-bedded, arenaceous limestones, which form steep castellated crags on the erosion surface, thus making the formation readily recognizable wherever exposed. It is this formation which forms the steep escarpment about the upper part of Castle mountain. Upper Cambriax. The Bosworth formation of the Upper Cambrian is exposed in the mountain of the same name on the continental divide. It consists largely of thin-bedded limestone with a few more thick-bedded layers, interbedded ^vith siliceous and arenaceous shale. One band of shale makes a good horizon-marker because it weathers greenish, yellowish, deep red and purplish. The Paget formation is a band of greyish oolitic limestone, typically exposed in Paget peak, on the west slope of mount Bosworth. These beds can not be readily distinguished from the underlying limestone. The Sherbrooke formation consists of arenaceous limestone at the base, overlain by thin-bedded Hmestone, including some oolitic and shaly layers. This formation includes the highest beds exposed in the Bow range in the vicinity of Hector pass. The remaining Cambrian formations, the Ordovician, and the Silurian, are all exposed in the western portion of the Rocky mountains between the Bow range and Columbia valley, and are not present in the basin of Bow river. Devoxiax. The Devonian occurs in a number of bands which trend in a direction parallel to the axis of the mountains. One band crosses the Bow Valley at the Gap, and another at the western end of Lac des Arcs. A third band overlies the Cretaceous shales on the west .side of Bow valley from Canmore to Bank- head. Other bands occur in the Vermilion lake and Sawback ranges. 180 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915- The Intermediate Limestone consists of thin-bedded limestones alterna- ting with harder layers of grey dolomitic and siliceous limestone, which on the weathered surface becomes banded. In the Sawback, Vermilion lake, and Cascade ranges it is exposed where reversed faulting has caused repetition. The thermal sulphur springs at Banff occur in the intermediate limestone. The rock is high in sulphur, derived by decomposition from the pyrite which the limestone contains; a strong odour of sulphide of hydrogen is given off when the rock is struck with a hammer. The upper limit of this formation is not clearly defined as it is transitional into the Lower Banff shale. Sawback formation, underlying and conformable with the Intermediate lime- stone is a series of massive and thin-bedded dolomitic limestone and shale, which McConnell has placed in the Cambrian. These beds form a wedge- shaped band in the Sawback range and lie between mount Hole-in-the-wall and mount Edith, with a broader exposure along the north side of the Bow valley. It has been possible to measure and estimate a thickness of about 3,700 feet, but the actual thickness is believed to be much greater. The beds differ lithologically from the Cambrian beds in Castle mountain, which are largelj^ Middle Cambrian, and from the Cambrian in the Bow range and to the west of this range. The age of the formation is still in doubt, but it is older than the Intermediate limestone, which is definitelj'" known to be Devonian in age. These beds are lithologically closely related to some of the Silurian beds in the Beaverfoot range to the west. MiSSISSIPPIAN. The Lower Banff limestone has been mapped as Mississippian, but it grades into the Devonian below, and has recently been proved to be largely of that age. The beds consist of massive-bedded grey limestone which forms steep escarp- ments wherever exposed on the slopes of a mountain. This limestone forms the eastern cliffs of Cascade mountain and mount Rundle, and the steeper eastern slopes of Sulphur mountain. Some beds are fossiliferous, and the formation is characterized by numerous fossil-like dolomitic segregations. The Lower Banff Shale consists of about 1,200 feet of shales. These shales are black to dark grey in colour, and weather brown. They are usually calcar- eous in composition, but certain layers are argillaceous and arenaceous. The lower contact of this series is sharply defined but at the top of the series the beds change to a shaly limestone difficult to distinguish from the overlying limestone. The shales weather out more easily than the limestone, so that a de- pression is always formed where these < shales cut across a ridge. PeNNS YLVANIAN . The Upper Banff limestone contains over 2,300 feet of beds, which are well exposed in Sawback and Cascade ranges. The series is shaly at the bottom, but more massive towards the top. Cherty lenses and cherty shale interbedded with the lower shaly limestone help to distinguish this formation from the shales below. The Rocky Mountain quartzite lies directly on the Upper Banff limestone. It represents a very sudden shallowing of the water, which, however, was not rendered muddy. The section in the Sawback range gives 800 feet as a maximum thickness. There is a rapid thickening of this formation to the east so that at lake Minnewanka, 12 miles to the east, there are 1,600 feet of quartzite exposed. This is the uppermost formation in the Carboniferous. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Permian. The Upper Banff Shale lies conformably upon the Rocky INIountain quart- zite and consists of a series of brown, calcareous and arenaceous, often sun- cracked shales, interbedded with thin layers of sandstone. The shales weather out more easily than the underlying formations, forming valleys such as those between the Cascade, Vermilion lake, and Sawback ranges. 5lore than 1,400 feet of strata are represented in this section, but it is difficult to get an accurate measurement on account of the foldings and contortions wdthin the beds. Jurassic. Fernie Shale. — No sharp line can be drawn between the Upper Banff shale and the Fernie shale, except where fossils are found. The Fernie formation consists of black and dark brown, siliceous, very thinly laminated shales which break up into small fragments on the weathered surface. On the Cascade river it contains some gray sandstone beds and an occasional limestone layer. West of Banff it has a limited distribution, lying on the Upper Banff shale. East of Banff and on the north side of the Cascade trough, it forms a band about 1,500 feet thick. The Fernie shale occurs near Exshaw 6 miles east of the Gap. Cretaceous. The Cretaceous formations occur mainly in the foot-hills region from Kananaskis to Cochrane. A narrow band occupies what is known as the Cascade trough and extends from the head-waters of Cascade river down the Cascade and Bow valleys to Canmore and southward in that same direction across the upper part of Kananaskis river. In the foothills the rocks are of the same character and are so soft compared to the older rocks that they either floor the valleys or produce a type of country that is more subdued in form than that of the mountains. Kootenay. — -The lowest member of this formation rests upon the Jurassic in the Rocky mountains, and forms the bottom of the Cascade trough. The base of the formation consists of alternating beds of sandstone and shale, which are succeeded by sandstones and shales and many coal seams. The upper part of the formation consists of thin-bedded sandstones and shales exposed in the eastern base of Cascade mountain. Near Banff the total thickness of this formation is over 4,000 feet. Dakota. — In the mountains the coal-bearing Kootenay formation is over- laid by a series of sandstones and conglomerates containing thin seams of coal. In the foot-hills the sandstones are finer grained and are associated with some clays and shales. The thickness in the foot-hills is about 950 feet. Benton. — ^This is a series of dark marine shales so soft and pliable as to be easily folded and distorted. They weather easily so that the outcrop is usually masked or marked by a depression. Niobrara. — This formation is correlated with the Cardium sandstone, a formation which is important as forming the series of falls and rapids on the Bow river below Kananaskis. It consists of three sandstone beds, each capped by a conglomerate and separated by shales. A detailed diagrammatic section of this formation is given under the heading of "Bow Fort," in a later section of this report. Pierre. — Marine deposits containing some calcareous matter overlie the Niobrara. They consist mainly of dark shales with some sandy beds in the middle. They occur in the foot-hills region and are exposed in the valley of Bow river below Bow Fort, where they have been folded into a series of anticlines and synclines and faulted. 182 DEPARTME'ST OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Edmonton.— The Edmonton formation consists of light coloured, soft sand- stones, shales and clays, well bedded and frequently alternating. The sand- stones predominate and usually weather to a yellow colour. The shales are of various dark shades of colour. Some coal seams are present. The formation is not as highly disturbed as the older Cretaceous beds, and is the bed rock formation of Bow valley from Radnor to Mitford. Tertiary. Tertiary rocks under the name of the Paskapoo formation overlap the Cretaceous at Cochrane and extend from there eastward to Calgary. They con- sist of yellowish sandstones and bluish grey and olive shales. They have not been greatly disturbed since they were laid down and still lie in almost hori- zontal attitudes in contrast to the older rocks which have in general been tilted at high angles. Pleistocene. A thin veneer of unconsolidated material covers the surface of the solid rocks nearly everywhere except on the higher levels of the region. This uncon- solidated material includes river deposits of gravel and sand, which appear as terraces about the sides of the larger streams, clays v/hich were laid clown in post- Glacial lakes, and glacial debris such as moraines and boulder clay. Geological Structure. There are four different types of geological structure developed in the rocks of the Bow river basin. The first is that of the almost flat lying rocks of the region east of Cochrane where the beds have been very slightly disturbed from their original attitude. In the foot-hills pressure from the west has thrown the beds into a series of irregular major folds and minor crumples which have their axis parallel to the general trend of the mountains. In many cases the beds are broken and faulted along lines parallel to the folds. The eastern ranges of the Rocky mountains are characterized by a series of great longitudinal fractures along which the strata have been broken, tilted and shoved one over the other towards the east. The result is a series of fault blocks having a steep face to the east and a more gentle slope to the west. The western slope of these fault blocks represents the dip of the beds. In the ranges about the head waters of Bow river the disturbance is not as great and the strata are not as closely folded and are traversed by fewer faults. The beds in conse- quence have lower dips and horizontal attitudes are not rare. Geological History. The Rocky Mountain region in the neighbourhood of Bow river was a region in which sediments were being laid down almost without interruption from Pre-Cambrian times to the close of the Cretaceous. The region formed part of a great interior sea whose shore line fluctuated from time to time, but which was gradually pushed eastward towards the plains. By the close of Cre- taceous times a great thickness of sediments had been laid down, the materials for which had been derived from a land area to the west. Sedimentation con- tinued even into the Tertiary, but after the Paskapoo sandstones had been laid down, movements in the earth's crust which had already been felt along the line of the continental divide, culminated in a revolutionary period of mountain building during which the Rocky mountains were formed. The force which caused the elevation of the Rocky mountains was directed from the Pacific, and in BOW BIT En POWER AXD STORAGE 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e the course of mountain building the strata were arched upward, compressed and overturned on each other, and up-folded portions were pushed miles to the eastward over the level plains region. The subsequent history of the region was in general one of erosion, that is to say, the carving out of its valleys by the streams and the development of its drainage sj^stem and a general wearing down of the mountain ranges. GLACIATIOX. During the Glacial period the Canadian Cordillera is believed to have been covered by an ice cap much as that which covers Greenland or the Ant- arctic continent to-day. This ice cap extended from the 48th to the 63rd parallels of latitude, or a distance of about 1,200 miles. During the maximum period of glaciation, the interior ice cap was fed by a double row of vallej' glaciers, one flowing eastward from the Coast range and another westward from the Rockies; the united stream then moved southward and northward over the interior of British Columbia. The eastern slope of the Rockies was also drained b}^ eastward-moving valley glaciers which became confluent as piedmont sheets on the plains of Alberta. In the basin of Bow river all the valleys were occupied during the glacial period by valley glaciers moving slowly down grade toward the east. These valley glaciers, b}' the aid of rock fragments along th? bottom of the glaciers, deepened and broadened the valleys and gave them the general outlines that they have to-day. As the glaciers dwindled and retreated up the valleys they left large quantities of loose materials in their train. At certain points glacial lakes, dammed by ice tongues, were formed which received sediments in the form of clays and sands. Towards the heads of the valleys basin-shaped cirques were gouged out of the solid rock by means of mountain glaciers, the remnants of larger valley glaciers. SPRAY LAKES. Spray lakes lie in a transverse valley, which cuts across the general trend of the mountain axis and which separates the Goat range from Kananaskis range. The valley was probably at one time the main course of Spray river, but having been filled with glacial material the stream became diverted and the valley is only now occupied by a tributary of the main river. The lake, are stated by Dawson to be due to damming of the outlet by glacial materials or debris washed down from the bordering mountains. The part of the valley which it is proposed to utilize as a storage basin is underlain by rocks of Paleozoic age Devonian and Carboniferous — consisting mainly of limestones with some quartzite and possibly shale. The strata have been tilted, and on the northeast side of Goat range dip at angles of about 45° to the southwest. On the west side of the Goat range the dips average about 60° in the same direction. The strike of the outcropping edges of the strata coincides roughly with the trend of the mountain axis, so that on the transverse portion of the valley at Spray lakes the strike is directly across the valley, while in the main valley of Spray river below Spray lakes the strike is parallel to the valley. At the point then where it is suggested the site of the dam should be the strike of the rocks is in general parallel to the course of the stream, and the rocks themselves consist of limestone and quartzite. At Spray falls a ledge of pale grey limestone crosses the river, making a drop of 40 feet. The remainder of the proposed storage basin is covered with uncon- solidated glacial and stream deposits which rest with a variable thickness on the upturned edges of the solid rocks. 184 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 KANANASKIS FALLS. Kananaskis falls are caused by outcropping ledges of Cretaceous sand- stone, known as the Cardium sandstone. The sandstone beds are from 50 to 150 feet in thickness and are overlain and underlain by shales. Cairnes describes the Cardium sandstone at this point as follows: "The lowest bed is a very hard sandstone, weathering to a reddish colour and is fairly well bedded. The bed next above is grey in colour on a freshly-fractured surface, is very massive, hard, and even quartzitic. There is a conglomerate bed 1 foot thick on top of each of these two lower sandstones. The upper sandstone is here also quite hard and weathers to a reddish colour." The sandstone beds dip westward or upstream about 20°, and strike across the course of the stream. HORSESHOE FALLS. Horseshoe falls are caused by an outcropping ledge of sandstone of the Cardium sandstone formation, the character and structure of which has been described under Kananaskis falls. BOW FORT. For ten miles below the site of Bow Fort the Cardium sandstone formation is exposed in the banks of the river. The attitude of the beds is almost horizontal. Above Bow Fort the shales below the Cardium sandstone are brought up to the surface in a low anticline, the western limb of which is just below the Horseshoe falls. The shales are of Benton age, dark in colour, and soft. They weather down readily and are easily folded and distorted. The Cardium sandstone formation near Bow Fort was carefully measured by Cairnes who gives the following section: — BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 185 Section of the Cardium Sandstones measured near Old Bow Fort, ON THE Bow river. 70 60' 30' 20 40' DARl^ PlERRt-LlKE 5HALE5, UPPER SAMDSTOME BED. GREYISH AND GREYISH GREEN, FINE- GRAINED SANDSTONES, WEATHERING TO A REDDISH COLOUR. THE INTERCALATED SHALES • ARE NEARLY BLACK , SOME WHAT CAL- CAREOUS THROUGHOUT DARK PIERRE-LIKE 5HALE5 WITH A FEW CALCAREOUS SANDSTONE BEDS 6 INCHES TO 1 FOOT WIDE NEAR THE TOP, WHICH ARE VERY REGULAR, PER- SISTENT AND NOTICEABLE. MIDDLE SANDSTONE BED. THIS HAS I& INCHES OF CONGLOM- r ERATE ON TOP. YERV HARD, QUARTZITIC, MASSIVE SANDSTONE BED. PRESENTS SOMEWHAT OF A BLUE APPEARANCE DARK PIERRE-LIKE SHALES. 1 LOWER SANDSTONE BED WITH CONGLOMERATE ON TOP. WEATHERS TO A REDDISH COLOUR. CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF DARK SHALES INTERCALATED. FINE-GRAINED, RATHER HARD, GREYISH SANDSTONE. DARK PIERRE-UKE SHALES CLAGGETT SHALES y CARDIUM SANDSTONES BEriTON 5HALES 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 APPENDIX VI WATER-POWER REGULATIONS UNDER THE DOMINION LANDS ACT, SEC. 36, S.S. 2. 187 BOW RITER POWER AND STORAGE 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e WATER-POWER REGULATIONS UNDER THE DOMINION LANDS ACT, SEC. 36, S.S. 2. Regulations made by His Excellency the Governor General in Council in virtue of the provisions of subsection 2 of section 35 of the Domin- ion Lands Act, 7-8 Edward VII, chapter 20, as amended by Section 6 of Chapter 27, 4-5 George V, to govern the mode of granting water-pow^er rights in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, and the Northwest Territories. Section 35. — Dominion Lands Act. — Water-power. 35. Lands which are necessary for the protection of any water supply or lands upon which there is any water-power, or which border upon or being close to a water-power will be required or useful for the development and working of such water-power, shall not be open to entry for homestead, for purchased homestead, or pre-emption, or be sold or conveyed in fee by the Crown, but may onlj' be leased under regulations made by the Governor in Council. 2. Subject to rights which exist or may be created under the Irrigatioji Act, the Governor in Council may make regulations: (a) for the diversion, taking or use of water for power purposes, and the granting of the rights to divert, take and use water for such purposes, provided that it shall be a condition of the diversion or taking of water that it shall be returned to the channel through which it would have flowed if there had been no such diversion or taking, in such manner as not to lessen the volume of water in the said channel; (6) for the construction on or through Dominion or other lands of sluices, races, dams or other works necessary in connection with such diversion, taking or use of water; (c) for the transmission, distribution, sale and use of power and energy generated therefrom; {d) for the damming of and diversion of any stream, watercourse, lake or other body of water for the purpose of storing water to augment or increase the flow of water for power purposes during dry season; (e) for fixing the fees, charges, rents, royalties or dues to be paid for the use of water for power purposes, and the rates to be charged for power or energy derived therefrom. 3. Any person who under such regulations is authorized to divert, take or use water for power purposes, or to construct works in connection with the diversion, taking or use of water for such purposes, shall for the purposes of his undertaking have the powers conferred by the Railway Act upon railway companies, including those for the acquisition and taking of the requisite lands, so far as such powers are applicable to the undertaking and are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act or the regulations thereunder, or with the authority given to such persons under such regulations — the provisions of the said Railway Act giving such powers being taken for the purposes of this section to refer to the undertaking of such person where in that Act they refer to the railway of the railway company concerned. 4. All maps, plans and books of reference showing lands other than Crown land necessary to be acquired by any such person for right of way or other purpo.ses in connection with his undertaking shall be signed and certified correct by a duly qualified Dominion Land Surveyor. 5. Such maps, plans and books of reference shall be prepared in duplicate, and one copy thereof shall be filed in the office of the Minister at Ottawa, and the other shall be registered in the land titles office for the registration district within which the lands affected are situated. 25e— 14 190 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 6. The Minister, or such officer as he designates, shall in case of dispute, be the sole and final judge as to the area of land which may be taken by any person without the consent of the owner for any purpose in connection with any water-power undertaking. Regulations Governing the Granting of Water-power Rights in the Pro- vinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, and the Northwest Territories. {Established hy Orders in Council dated June 2, 1909; June 8, 1909; April 20, 1910; and January 2 4, 1911.) 1. Under these regulations the word "works" shall be held to mean and include all sluices, races, dams, weirs, tunnels, pits, slides, flumes, machines fixed to the soil, buildings and other structures for taking, diverting and storing water for power purposes, or for developing water-power and rendering the same available for use. Mode of Application. 2. Every applicant for a license to take and use water for power purposes shall file with the Minister of the Interior a statement in duplicate setting forth: — (a) The name, address and occupation of the applicant. (h ) The financial standing of the applicant so far as it relates to his ability to carry out the proposed works. (c) The character of the proposed works. (d) The name, or if unnamed, a sufficient description of the river, lake or other source from which water is proposed to be taken or diverted. (e) The point of diversion. (f ) The height of the fall or rapid of such river, lake or other source of water at high, medium and low stages, vdXh corresponding discharges of water per second, reckoned approximately in cubic feet. (g ) A reasonably accurate description, and the area, of the lands required in connection Avith the proposed works, such lands, if in surveyed territory, to be described by section, township and range, or river or other lot, as the case may be, and a statement whether such lands are or are not Dominion lands. (h) If such lands be not Dominion lands, then the applicant shall give the name of the registered owner in fee, and of any registered mortgagee or lessee thereof, and of any claimant in actual possession other than a registered owner, mortgagee or lessee. (i) The minimum and maximum amount of water-power which the appli- cant proposes to develop, and the maximum amount of water which he desires for such purpose. (i) Sketch plan showing approximate locations of the proposed works. (k) Elevations of head water and tail water of the nearest existing works, if any, below and above the proposed works. (I) Particulars as to any water to be taken, diverted or stored to the detri- ment of the operation of existing works, if any. ( m) Particulars as to any irrigation ditches or reservoirs, or other works for irrigation within the meaning of the Irrigation Act, in use or in course of con- struction within the vicinit}' of the proposed works, and which might affect or be affected by the operation of the proposed works. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Application by a Company. 3. If the applicant be an incorporated company, the statement shall, in addition to the foregoing information, set forth: — (a) The name of the company. (b) The names of the directors and officers of the company, and their places of residence. (c) The head office of the company in Canada. (d) The amount of subscribed and paid-up capital, and the proposed method of raising further funds, if reciuired, for the construction and operation of the proposed works. (e) Copy of such parts of the charter or memorandum of association as authorize the application and proposed works. Application by a Municipality. 4. If the applicant be a municipalit}', then, excluding the special information to be given by a company, the following information shall be given: — (a) The location, area and boundaries of the municipality. (b) The approximate number of its inhabitants. (c) The present estimated value of the property owned by such municipality and the value of the property' subject to taxation by such municipality. Minister may request Further Information. 5. The ^linister of the Interior shall have the power to call for such other plans and descriptions, together with such measurements, specifications, levels, profiles, elevations and other information as he may deem neccessary, and the same shall be furnished by and at the expense of the applicant. The Agreement for a License. 6. Upon receipt and consideration of the application, and information accompanying same, the Minister of the Interior may, if he approve of the proposed works, enter into an agreement with the applicant, which agreement, in addition to usual conditions and covenants, shall contain clauses to provide as follows: — (a) For a time within which the proposed works shall be begun. (b) For a stated minimum amount of expenditure to be made in connection with the works annually during the term of the agreement. (c) For a stated amount of water-power to be developed from the water applied for within a fixed period not exceeding five years. (dj For summary cancellation of the agreement by the ^Minister if any of the above conditions have not been complied with. (e) For defining and allotting the areas of Dominion lands within which the applicant may construct and operate the proposed works; and if there be no Dominion lands available for such purpose then for defining and allotting the lands in regard to which the applicant may exercise the powers given under section 35, subsection 3 of the Dominion Lands Act. (f) For granting a license to the applicant, upon fulfilment of the said agreement, to take, divert and use for power purposes a stated maximum amount of water, in accordance with the application, and plans and specifications as approved by the Alinister; the term of such license to be twenty-one years at a fixed fee payable annually, and such license to be renewable as provided for in these regulations. 25e— 14i 19? DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 (g ) For granting a lease to the applicant of such Dominion lands as may be allotted under paragraph (e) of this section, and approved of by the minister, such lease to be at a fixed rental for a term of twenty-one years running concurrently with the said license, and renewable in like manner, and as near as may be subject to all the terms and conditions thereof. When there are no Dominion lands available for such purpose, or when other lands are considered by the Minister to be more suitable for such purpose, then the Minister shall define such lands in regard to which the applicant may exercise the powers given under section 35, subsection 3, of the Dominion Lands Act. 7. During the construction of any works for the development of water-power the Minister of the Interior, or any engineer appointed by him for that purpose, shall have free access to all parts of such works for the purpose of inspecting same, and ascertaining if the construction thereof is in accordance with the plans and specifications approved of by the Minister, and whether the terms of the agreement, as provided for in the preceding section, are being fulfilled The License. 8. Upon fulfilment by the applicant of all conditions of the said agreement, the Minister of the Interior shall grant to the applicant a license as agreed upon; and such license shall contain clauses to provide as follows: — (a) The term of the license shall be twenty-one years, renewable for three further consecutive terms of twenty-one years each, at a fixed fee payable annually and to be readjusted at the beginning of each term, as hereunder provided. (b ) At the expiry of each term of twenty-one years the Governor in Council, may, on the recommendation of the Minister, order and direct that the license and any lease granted in connection therewith be cancelled: Provided that th2 Minister shall have given at least one year's notice to the licensee of intention so to cancel. (c) If the licensee shall refuse to pay the license fee as readjusted by the Governor in Council, or as fixed by arbitrators chosen as provided in paragraph (e) hereunder, then in such case the Minister may renew the license at the former fee, or the Governor in Council maj^, on the recommendation of the Minister, order and direct that the license and any lease issued in connection therewith be cancelled. (d) In either of the above cases compensation shall be paid to the licensee as provided for in paragraph (e) hereunder. (e) On termination of the third renewal of such license, except in case of default on the part of the licensee in observance of any of the conditions thereof, or of any lease granted in connection therewith, compensation shall be paid for the works to the amount fixed by arbitration, one arbitrator to be appointed by the Governor in Council, the second by the licensee, and the third by the two so appointed. If the licensee fails to appoint an arbitrator within ten days after being notified by the IMinister to make such appointment, or if the two arbitrators appointed by the Governor General in Council and the licensee fail to agree upon a third arbitrator within ten days after their appointment or within such further period as may be fixed by the Minister in either such cases, such arbi- trator or third arbitrator as the case may be, shall be appointed by the Judge of the Exchequer Court of Canada. In fixing the amount of compensation only the value of the actual and tangible works and of any lands held in fee in connection therewith shall be considered, and not the value of the rights and privileges granted, or the revenues, profits or dividends, being, or likely to be, derived there from. (f) The license shall state the maximum amount of water which the licensee may divert, store and use for power purposes, and shall provide for the return to the stream, or other source of water, of the full amount so diverted. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e (g) The licensee shall develop such power as, in the opinioi of the Minister,- there shall be a public demand for, up to the full extent possible iiom the amount of water granted by the license. (h) Upon a report being made by the Minister of the Interior to the Gov- ernor in Council that the licensee has not developed the amount of power for which there is a public demand, and which could be developed from the amount of water granted by the license, the Governor in Council may order to be. develop- ed and rendered available for public use the additional amount of power for which there is, in the opinion of the Minister, a public demand, up to the full extent possible from the amount of water granted by the license, and within a period to be fixed by the Minister, which period shall not be less than two years after the licensee or person in charge of the existing works shall have been notified of such order, and in default of compliance with such order the Governor in Council may direct that the license, together with any lease issued under these regulations shall be cancelled, and the works shall thereupon vest and become the property of the Cro\\Ti without any compensation to the licenses. (i) Upon a report being made by the Minister of the Interior to the Gov- ernor in Council that a greater amount of water-power could be developed advantageously to the public interests from the same stream or other source of water from which the existing works derive power, and (1st) that the exist- ing works could be enlarged or added to for such purpose, then the Governor in Council may authorize the Minister to offer the licensee the privilege of con- structing and operating such enlarged or additional works at or in the vicinity of the existing works, and to grant such supplementary license as he may consider proper for such purpose,, and if the licensee fail within six months thereafter to accept such offer, and in good faith to begin and carry on to completion such enlarged or additional works, and to complete same in accordance with plans and specifications approved of b}^ the Minister, and within a fixed period not to exceed five years, and upon like conditions as the existing works were begun and completed; or (2nd) if the Minister shall report to the Governor in Council that the existing works, owing to their location or construction, cannot ad- vantageously be enlarged or added to in order to develop further power sufficient to meet the probable demand, or would be a hindrance to other works con- templated for such purpose; or (3rd) that the existing works cannot, or will not, be any longer advantageously operated owing to the exercise of rights existing or created under The Irrigation Act; then in every such case, the Governor in Council may order and direct that the license, and any lease in connection therewith, and all rights thereunder, shall be cancelled, and the existing works shall thereupon vest in and become the property of the Crown; Provided always that in every such case compensation shall be paid to the licensee as provided for in paragraph (e) of section 8 of these regulations, together with a bonus apportioned as follows: — (1) If the works have been in operation less than five years, a thirty per cent bonus upon the value of the works. (2) If in operation more than five, and less than ten years, a twenty-five per cent bonus. (3) If in operation more than ten, and less than fifteen years, a twenty per cent bonus. (4) If in operation more than fifteen, and less than twenty years, a fifteen per cent bonus. (5) If in operation twenty years or more, a ten per c?nt bonu^. ( i ) That the licens.' shall not be transferable without the written consent of the Minister, and thac if the license? fail to keep and observe all or any of the conditions of the license, or any renewal thereof, or of any lease to be issued in connection therewith, then the license, together with such lease, shall in every 194 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 case be subject to cancellation bj' the Exchequer Court on the application of the Crown. (k) That a schedule of rates and prices to be charged to the public for the use of power shall first be submitted by the licensee to the Board of Railway Commissioners of Canada for adjustment and approval before being put into effect, and that no rates or prices for power shall be legal or enforceable until such schedule has been so adjusted and approved nor if they shall exceed the amount fixed by such schedule; and that such schedule shall be readjusted and approved by the Board every seven years during the term of the lease and license, and all renewals thereof. (I) That for the purpose of ascertaining the quantity of power actually developed, or capable of being developed, from the amount of water granted by such license, the Minister, or any engineer appointed by him for that purpose, shall have free access to all parts of the works, and to all books, plans or records in connection therewith, bearing on the quantity of power developed, and may make measurements, take observations and do such other things as he may con- sider necessary or expedient for such purpose, and the findings of the Minister, or such engineer thereon, shall be conclusive and binding upon the licensee. (m) For the proper provision, as required by law, for the passage of logs and timber down the stream or other waterway affected by the works. ("71 j For the erection and maintenance by the licensee of a durable and efficient fishway in the stream or other waterway affected by the works when so recjuired by the proper officer or authority in that behalf. (o) That the licensee shall have no right to any water beyond the amount stated in the license. (p ) For the indemnifying of the Crown against all actions, claims or de- mands against it by reason of anything done by the licensee in the exercise, or purported exercise, of the rights and privileges granted under the lease or license. 9. The agreements and licenses to be issued hereunder shall, subject always to the provisions of these regulations, be in such form and contain such pro- visions as the ]Minister may from time to time determine. Storage of Water. 10. If at any time it is proposed by the applicant or the licensee to divert water from any lake or body of water for storage purposes, or to dam same in order to augment the flow of water in any stream from which water-power is to be developed, the applicant or licensee shall, in addition to other information required under these regulations, file plans as follows: — (a) A general plan in duplicate, on tracing linen, showing the location of such lake or other body of water, and the lands to be submerged or otherwise affected, and contour lines showing the water level at high and low stages, and the level to which it is proposed to raise such water for storage, and the estimated storage capacity of such lake or other bodj' of water. (b) A plan in duplicate, from actual survey, by a Dominion Land Surveyor, and certified to by him, showing the lands to be submerged or otherwise affected by the proposed storage; the name of the registered owner in fee of such lands, and of any registered mortgagee or lessee thereof, and of any claimant in actual possession other than a registered owner, mortgagee or lessee. (c) A detail plan in duplicate on tracing Ihien, showing all dams and other works proposed to be constructed in connection with .such storage. 11. When the plans for such storage of water have been approved of l)y the Minister of the Interior, provision for same shall be made in the agreement for a license, or in the license itself, or in a supplementary license to be issued for such purpose, upon such terms and conditions as may appear to the ^Minister BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 195 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e reasonable or expedient in the circumstances of each case, and subject to these regulations. Small Water-Powers of less capacity than 200 horse-power. 12. If, upon receipt and consideration of the information set out in sections 2, 3, 4 and 5, the water-power to be developed is found to have no greater capacity than 200 horse-power at the average low stage of water, the minister may issue a lease and a license as may be required, authorizing the development of the proposed power; the lease and license to be for a period of ten years, subject to such special terms and conditions as may be considered advisable in each par- ticular case, and renewable if in the opinion of the minister the power has been eontinuouslv and beneficiallv used. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 APPENDIX VIJ RUN-OFF DATA 1{>7 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 RUN-OFF DATA. Note. — The data contained in the following 96 pages were collected and published by the Irrigation Branch of the Department of the Interior under the title of Progress of Streams Measurements for the years 1909, 1910, 1911 and 1912. Discharge Measurements of Bow River near Laggan in 1910. Date. Hxdrographer. Width. Area of section. Mean, velocity. Gauge height. Discharge. July 18 Aug 12 J. C Keith Feet. 112-3 111-3 73-2 97-8 85-6 42-0 42-0 42-0 Sq. ft. 300-45 243-50 99-70 127-22 104-74 66-43 57-88 50-33 Ft. per sec. 5-832 4-974 3-328 3 142 3-25 2-68 2-084 1-814 Feet. 3-43 3-02 2- 12 2-285 2-14 1-66 1-33 1-26 Sec.-ft. 1752-30 do 1202-24 Sept. 2 do 331-79 Sept. 24 Oct. 20 do 399-75 H. R. Carsciillen 340-63 Nov 8 do 178-02 Dec 5 do 120-62 Dec 29 ... do 91-31 Discharge ^Ieasurements of Bow River at Laggan, Alta., in 1911, Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Jan 30 H R Car^callen Feet. 40-5 35-5 35-5 42 43-5 43-5 62-5 103-8 111-8 110-0 86-3 111-5 108-3 69-5 61-5 47-7 34-5 61-5 61 42 45 Sq. ft. 55-9 45- 1 36-8 45-2 53-4 58-8 93-4 184-6 310-6 277-6 232-8 259-6 200-0 157-9 98-3 46-1 29-0 289-5 196-0 38-2 42-2 Ft. per sec. 1-49 MO 1-48 1-41 1-52 1-88 2-85 3-50 5-77 5-71 4-54 5-24 3-99 4-90 3-43 2-79 1-95 0-23 0-62 1-65 1-43 Feet. 2-68 1-94 1-30 1-02 1-04 1-25 1-85 2-47 3-32 3-17 2-84 3-11 2-59 6-38 5-48 4-64 4-37 t t t t Sec.-ft. 83 •2x Feb 13 do 49 -4x Mar 6 do 51 •4x Mar 23 do 63 -7x Apr. 7 Apr. 27 May 11 H C Ritchie 81 -Ix do 110-7X do 265 -gx B. Russell 647 -ex do 1793 -Ox July 1 do 1585 -Ox July 14 do 1058 -Ox July 27 Aug 18 H C Ritchie 1360 -Ox 798 -7x Sept. 5 do 774-2* Sept. 21 do 336-7* Oct. 17 V. A. Xewhall 128-5* Nov. 2 do 56-8* Nov. 20 do 65-5»{ Dec. 4 do 121-7*** Dec. 6 do 63-2** Dec. 18 do 60-2* xDischarge measured at old station. 'Discharge measured at new station. tGauge not read owing to backwater caused by ice jam. JMay be sligiitly inaccurate owing to slush ice. •Accuracy affected by great amount of irozen slush ice causing cross-currents. * 'Gauging made at an open water section west of Laggan. Probable error small. L' 199 200 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River at Laggan, Alta., for 1911. DAT. Januarj'. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height Dis. charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 1-65 1-90 2-80 2-90 3-00 2-85 2-35 2-35 2-50 2-50 2-60 2-60 2-40 2-20 2-20 2-10 2-05 2-05 2-05 2-05 2-10 2-00 2-10 2-10 t2-05 2-00 . 2-20 2-20 2-10 2-68 2-65 Sec.-ft. 114 130 210 216 216 195 140 135 140 130 130 121 95 72 66 59 51 51 51 51 53 49 53 53 51 49 57 57 53 83 80 Feet. 2-65 2-65 2-75 2-70 2-65 2-65 2-40 2-20 2-10 2-00 2-00 1-98 1-96 1-95 1-95 1-98 2-00 2-05 2-05 2-10 2-00 2-03 2-05 205 2-08 2-10 2-05 1-90 Sec.-ft. 80 80 90 85 80 80 65 57 53 49 49 48-2 47-4 47 47 48-2 49 51 51 53 49 50-2 51 51 52-2 53 51 51 Feet. 1-85 1-80 1-40 1-38 1-30 1-25 M5 MO 1-03 1-03 1-03 1-03 1-00 0-95 0-95 0-95 0-95 0-95 0-95 0-95 0-95 0-95 1-00 1-02 1-05 1-05 1-05 1-05 1-06 1-06 1-06 Sec.-ft. 53 53 46 48 48 48 48 48 47 48 49 51 51 50 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 62 66 70 71 74 77 89 82 85 Feet. 110 1-08 1-05 1-05 1-05 1-05 1.10 1-20 1-30 1-40 1-45 M5 MO 1-05 1-05 1-03 1-05 1-05- 1-05 1-03 1-08 1-08 M2 115 1-20 1-20 1-25 1-30 1-40 1-45 Sec.-ft. 90 87-6 84 84 84 84 90 103 120 139 149 96 90 84 84 81-6 84 84 84 81-6 87-6 87-6 92-4 96 103 103 111 120 139 149 1 Feet. 1-33 1-35 1-53 1-60 1-75 1-85 1-80 1-78 1-80 1-80 1-85 1-85 1-85 1-76 1-89 2-07 2-25 2-20 2-25 2-25 2-30 2-28 2-16 2-09 2-03 1-95 1-86 1-91 1-96 2-06 2-18 Sec.-ft. 125 129 167 185 230 266 247 240 247 247 266 266 266 233 283 371 484 450 484 484 520 506 424 382 350 310 270 292 315 386 437 Feet. 2-42 2-66 2-82 2-80 2-63 2-64 2-65 2-60 2-60 2-70 2-76 3-05 3-12 3-27 3-35 3-32 3-33 3-34 3-30 3-16 3-12 3-45 3-40 3-48 3-40 3-32 3-25 3-24 3-20 3-22 Sec.-ft. 617 2 850 3 1,035 4 1,010 5 818 6 828 7 - 8 839 786 9 786 10 894 11 963 12 1,349 13 1,456 14 . 1,697 15 1,832 16 1,781 17 1,798 18 1,815 19 1,747 20 1,519 1,456 22 2,008 1,919 24 2,063 25 1,919 1,781 27 1,664 28 '. 1,648 29 1,583 30 .. . 1.615 1 Note. — Gauge height observations were made at the old gauging station until the end of August. After that they were taken at the cable station. An ice jam a short distance below the station caused backwater on the gauge and made it im- possible to compute daily discharges after November 9. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 201 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River at Laggan, Alta., for 1911. — Continued. July. August. Day. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge ! Dis- Height charge. Height, charge. Height, charge. September. October. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. November. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 22. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet. ! Sec.-ft. Feet. 1 Sec.-ft. 1567 1551 1535 1410 1364 1349 1320 1276 1164 1124 1072 1010 1022 1035 1035 1320 1305 1305 1276 1219 1248 1305 1320 1425 1583 1567 1441 1410 1395 1349 1291 1248 1178 1219 1276 1291 1262 1178 1035 951 872 818 839 839 818 786 766 807 839 839 839 818 776 756 756 766 756 661 643 688 736 736 Feet. Sec.-ft. 870 919 930 865 773 703 613 568 523 523 543 578 628 598 548 475 430 386 345 345 337 307 279 246 234 222 204 193 182 174 Feet. 4-95 4-92 4-90 4-87 4-85 4-82 4-79 4-76 4-76 4-75 4-75 4-75 4-75 4-75 4-73 4-66 4-66 4.67 4.64 4.57 4-70 4.58 4-54 4.52 4-53 4-35 4-33 4.41 4-28 4-40 4.42 Sec.-ft. 169 162 157 150 145 138 132 125 125 123 123 123 123 123 119 105 105 107 101 113 90-4 83-2 79-6 81-4 55 52-6 62-4 46-6 61 63-8 Feet. 4-31 4-47 4-53 4-53 4-55 4-56 4-53 4-37 4-30 Sec.-ft 50-2 71-2 81-4 81-4 85 86-9 81-4 57-4 49-0 Drainage area, 166 square miles. Monthly Discharge of Bow River at Laggan, Alta , for 1911. Month. DiscH.\RGB IN Second-Feet. Maximum. January . . Februarj- March April May June July.... August. September October November (1-9). The period 216 90 89 149 520 2,063 1,583 1,291 930 169 Minimum. 49 47 46 81-6 125 617 1,010 643 174 46-6 49 Mean. 97-1 57-8 58-3 99-1 317 1,403 1,309 897 485 108 71-5 Per square mile. Run-off. 0-585 0-348 0-351 0-597 1-91 8-45 7-89 5-40 2-92 0-651 0-431 Depth in inches on Drainage. area. 0-67 0-36 0-40 0-67 2-20 9-43 9-10 6-23 3-26 0-75 0-14 33-21 Total in acre-feet. 5,970 3,210 3,585 5,897 19,492 83,484 80,488 55,154 28,860 6,641 1,276 294,057 202 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Discharge Measurements of Bow River at Laggan, in 1912. Date. Jan. Feb. Feb. Feb. Mar. Mar. Mar. April April May May June June July July Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. Nov. Nov. Hydrographer. 23 V. A. Newhall. 5 do 16 do 28 do 8 H. C. Ritchie., 18 do 28 do 9 do 24 do 9 do 22 do 5 do 19 do 4 do 18 do 1 do 13 ] do 29 do 12 do 4 H. R. Cram... 17 1 H. C. Ritchie.. 1 1 do 14 do 28 do Width. Feet. 10-00 11-00 39-60 16-00 15-00 15-00 14-00 40-00 45-00 51-00 65-00 59-00 72-00 71-00 71-00 72-00 70-00 72-50 65-00 58-00 52-50 46-00 46-50 45-00 Area of Section. Sq. ft. 15-35 14-901 60-87 36-60 28-80 22-80 22-60 31-00 44-00 75-90 118-75 79-80 216-35 196-95 176-40 210-15 190-15 227-40 125-70 84-90 83-50 53-40 66-50 71-25 Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 4-76 Ft. per sec. Feet. 2-18 1-78 2-33 2-00 1-66 1-50 1-95 1-28 1-63 2-36 3-05 2-70 5-25 5-01 4-79 5-30 4-66 4-86 3-21 2-48 2-54 1-58 1-76 1-11 7-45 5-30 4-73 4-78 4-38 4-64 5-41 605 5-45 7-59 7-07 6-88 7-30 6-87 7-34 6-08 5-40 5-30 4-68 4-95 5-03 Sec.-ft. 33-43 26-55 141.73 73-06 48-60 37-50 40-50 39-66 71-93 178-90 362-17 215-46 1,136- 12 985-13 844-29 113-72 885-16 1,104-40 404-00 210-50 212-70 84-69 117-20 79-20 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River at Laggan, for 1912. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Day. Februarj'. March. April. May. June. I Gauge I Dis- Height. I charge. I Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge I Dis- Height . charge. Feet. 5-74 5-74 5-73 5-73 5-73 5-73 5-64 Sec .-ft. 0 l«j49-56 49-56 49-42 49-42< 49-421 49-421 48-16i Feet. 5-54 5-37 5-34 5-14 4-76 4-94 4-86 4-84 4-84 4-84 4-86 4-86 4-94 5-33 9-56 9-95 9-99 9-95 9-50 8-72 8-55 8-76 8-47 7-39 7-60 6-40 6-35 7-42 6-26 Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 46-76 i 44-38 43-96 41-16 35-84 : 38-36 37-24 36-96 36-96 36-96 I 37-24 37-24 38-36 43-82 I 101-00 I 107-00 107-50 107-00 , 100-50 90-00 87-00 91-00 86-00 72-00 74-00 58-80 58-10 72 10 56-84 6-46 6-43 6-25 6-22 5-98 5-80 5-53 5-43 5-24 4-96 5-11 4-94 4-94 4-92 4-92 , 4. 90 4.75 4-74 4-86 5-02 5-05 4-92 4-78 4-76 4-78 4-80 4-88 4-80 4-78 4-78 4-73 59-64 59-22 56-70 56-28 S2-92 50-41 46-62 45-22 .42-56 38-64 40-74 38-36 38-36 38-08 38-08 37-80 35-70 35-56 37-24 39-48 39-90 38-08 36-12 35-84 36-12 36-40 37-52 36-40 36-12 36-12 35-42 Feet. 4-75 4-72 4-68 4-66 4-72 4-68 4-60 4-50 4-38 4-40 4-44 4-44 4-44 4-45 4-46 4-50 4-55 4-57 4-59 4-58 4-51 4-58 4-61 4-65 4-71 4-64 4-65 4-63 4-64 4-74 Sec.-ft. 35-70 35-28 34-72 34-44 35-28 f*) 34-72 65-00 54-50 42-401 44-00 47-20 47-20 47-20 48-00 48-90 54-50 59-50 61-70 63-90| 62-80 55-50 62-80 66-20 71-00 78-90: I 69-80 71-00 68-60 69-80 83-10 Feet. Sec.-ft. 71-00 67-40 81-70 84-50 100-00 101- 65 ; 1.56-65 174-55 206-551 184-85 174 -.55 193-25 232-75 325-751 475 -75 I 582 -251 475-75 47115 407-551 392-75 325-75 396-45 361-65 396-45 452-75 1 582-25 ' 702-25 611-25 490-45 427-25 361-65 Feet. 5-81 5-74 5-61 5-55 5-45 5-45 5-60 6-14 6-59 6-65 6-76 6-98 7-50 7-16 7-51 7-20 7-29 7-41 7-59 7-71 7-S7 8-10 8-18 8-20 8-39 8-51 8.15 7-70 7-60 Sec.-ft. 313-35 292-35 255-95 240-25 215-75 215-75 253-25 427-25 665-75 702-25 770-20 I 906-60 1,229-00 1,018-20 jl, 235-20 '1,043-00 1,098-80 1,173-20 1,284-80 1,359-20 1,452-20 1,458-40 1,601-00 1,650-00 1.66300 1,780-80 1,855-20 1.632-00 1,353-00 1.291-00 (i)Ice jams rendered gauge heights useless Jan. 1 to 24. (2) Ice conditiond Jan. 25 to April 6. BOW BITER POWER AXD STORAGE 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River at Laggan, for 1912. — Concluded. Day. July. August . September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 7-33 7-30 719 7^08 7-08 7-44 7-31 7-18 7-15 7^16 7^20 7-15 7-33 7-00 6-95 6-88 6-84 6-86 6-99 7-06 7^14 7^16 7^15 7-44 7-36 7-25 7-09 6-94 6-93 7-04 7-19 Sec.-ft. 1123-6 1105-0 1036-8 968-6 968-6 1191-8 111-2 1030-6 1012-0 1018-2 1043-0 1012-0 1123-6 919-0 888-0 844-6 819-8 832-2 912-8 956-2 1005-8 1018-2 1012-0 1191-8 1142-2 1074-0 974-8 881-8 875-6 943-8 1036-8 Feet. 7-27 Sec.-ft. 1086-4 Feet. 6-59 6-49 6-44 6-30 6-25 6- 15 610 6-09 6-00 5-98 5-98 6-08 609 6-02 5-94 5-89 5-87 5-85 5-78 5-69 5-63 5-58 5-57 5-51 5-54 5-46 5-44 5-40 5-30 5-31 Sec.-ft. 665-8 606-4 576-6 500-2 475-8 431-2 411-2 407-6 375-2 368-4 368-4 403-8 407-8 382-2 354-9 338-6 332-2 325-8 304-2 278-0 261-4 248-0 245-4 230-2 237-8 218-2 213-4 204-2 182-8 184-8 Feet. 5-31 5-28 5-37 5-37 5-34 5-29 5-25 5-25 5-18 5-16 5-14 5-06 5-06 5-06 5-04 511 5-28 5-21 5-16 5-12 5-09 5-00 4-97 4-99 4-96 4-95 4-95 4-90 4-76 4-69 4-70 Sec.-ft. 184-8 178-6 197-6 197-6 191-2 180-7 172-5 172-5 158-6 154-7 150-8 135-8 1.35-8 135-8 132-2 145-2 178-6 164-5 154-7 147-0 141-4 125-0 120-2 123-8 118-5 116-8 116-8 108-2 86-0 76-2 77-5 Feet. 4^75 4-81 4-86 4-89 4-94 4-94 4-95 4-98 4-98 5-12 5-01 4-99 4-96 4-95 4-74 4^90 4-96 4-90 4-75 4-72 4-74 4-74 4-79 4-74 4-76 4-53 4-76 5 03 5-33 5-59 Sec.-ft. 84-5 93-6 101-6 106-6 115-0 115-0 116-8 121-5 121-5 147-0 126-8 123-8 118-5 116-8 83-1 102-0 107-0 96-0 78-0 75-0 73-0 70-0 68-0 67-0 61-0 62-0 68-0 79-0 78-0 77-0 Feet. 5-96 6-17 6-46 6-60 6-98 7-25 7-28 7^16 6-99 6-74 6-64 6-76 6-65 6-35 6-27 6-27 6-27 6-12 6-09 6-05 6-13 6-22 616 6-06 5-84 6-06 6-00 5-90 5-80 5-90 5-86 Sec.-ft. 76-0 2 3.'. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 7-35 7^35 11360 1136-0 76-0 76-0 i 7-57 7-65 7-31 7-13 7-10 1272-4 1322-0 1111-2 999-6 9S1.n 75-0 5 75-0 6 74-0 7 8 74-0 74-0 9 10 7-35 1136-0 7-31 1111-2 74-0 75-0 11 7-25 7-03 6-85 6-78 6-84 7-24 7-48 7^26 7-24 7-24 7-30 7-48 7-65 8-44 8-56 8-09 7-74 7-56 7-28 6-97 6-75 1074-0 937-6 826-0 782-6 819-8 1067-8 1216-6 1080-2 1067-8 1067-8 1105-0 1216-6 1322-0 1811-8 1886-2 1594-8 1377-8 1266-2 1092-6 900-4 764-0 76-0 12 75-0 13 76-0 14 76-0 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 76-0 76-0 76-0 76-0 76-0 76-0 76-0 76-0 76-0 76-0 25 76-0 26 76-0 27 76-0 28 29 30 31 76-0 76-0 76-0 76-0 i Monthly Discharge of Bow River at Laggan, for 1912. (Drainage area, 166 square miles.) DlSCH.\BGE IN Second-Feet. RrN-Orr. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. 49-56 107-50 59-64 83-10 702-25 1,855-20 1,191-80 1,886-20 665-8 197-6 147-0 76-0 4816 35-84 35-42 34-44 67-40 215-75 819-80 764-00 182-8 76-2 61-0 74-0 49-28 62-90 41-67 55-12 324-79 1,014-58 1,002-40 1,147-40 351-34 144-59 95-10 88-12 0-30 0-38 0-25 0-33 1-96 6-11 6-04 6-91 2-11 •87 -57 •53 0-08 0-41 0-29 0.37 2-26 6-83 6-96 7-97 2-35 1-00 ■63 •61 . 684 3,618 2,562 April 3,280 Mav 19,970 June 60,385 July 61,634 70,551 20,906 8,885 5,659 December 5,418 29-76 263,552 204 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Pipestone River, near Laggan, Alia., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. 1 Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Sept. 5 Feet. 64-5 58-5 52-2 27-5 14-2 Sq.-ft. 99-1 74-9 50-2 36-0 31-3 Ft. per sec. 2-71 2-13 1-74 0-98 1-38 Feet. 4-95 4-54 4-24 4-19 Sec.-ft. 268-5 Sept. 21 do 159-8 Oct. 17 ... V. A. Newhall 87-2 Nov. 2 do 35-4 Dec. 19 do 43-3 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Pipestone River, near Laggan, Alta , for 1911 D.\T. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 512 515 517 5-08 4-95 4-90 4-80 4-75 4-70 4-70 4-72 4-80 4-90 4-76 4-75 4-68 4-65 4-60 4-56 4-55 4-55 4-52 4-52 4-40 4-40 4-45 4-47 4-42 4-42 4-41 Sec.-ft. 316 324 330 304 268 254 227 214 201 201 206 227 254 217 214 196 188 175 165 162 162 154 154 123 123 136 128 128 128 126 Feet. 4-40 4-40 4-40 4-39 4-38 4-37 4-36 4-35 4-35 4-34 4-33 4-33 4-33 4-33 4-33 4-30 4-33 4-33 4-27 415 4-10 4-10 4-26 4-15 4-00 3-98 4-05 4-00 3-98 4-10 3-98 Sec.-ft. 123 2 123 3 123 4 121 5 118 6 116 7 113 8 111 9 111 10 109 11 106 12 106 13 106 14 106 15 106 16 99 17 106 18 106 19 9'>-4 20 69 21 60 22 60 23 90-2 24 69 25 46 26 43-6 27 52 28 46 29 43-6 30 60 31 43-6 Note.— An ice jam formed below the station during the cold spell in the early part of November and caused the banks of the stream to overflow. Gauge height observations could not be applied and were therefore discontinued. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Monthly Discharge of Pipestone River near Laggan, Alta , for 1911. (Drainage area, 122 square miles.) 205 Discharge in Second-Feet. Month. RuN-CfF. I Depth in Maximum. Minimum. ! Mean. Per square inohes on Total mile. Drainage acre-feet. September 330 123 \ 200 1-639 October 123 | 43-6 89-8 0-739 The period i 1-83 0-85 2- 68 11,901 5,522 17,423 Discharge Measurements of Pipestone River, near Laggan, in 1912. Hj'drographer. Width. Area i Mean of Section. Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Feet. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. ' Feet. Sec. -ft. 23. Jan. Feb. 5 Feb. 15 Feb. 28 Mar. 8 Mar. 19 Mar. 29 April 10 April 24 May 10 May 22 June June July July Aug. Aug. Aug. Sept. Oct. Oct. Nov. 1 Nov. 14 Nov. 28 Dec. 14 V. A. Newhall. do do do H. C. Ritchie. . do do do do do do do do do do do do do do 4 H. R.Cram. IH. C. Ritchie, do do do do 17-0 130 2-42 24-0 28-6 117 35-0 32-5 0-75 35-0 26-5 0-68 33-0 17-1 1-00 330 9-8 1-26 33-0 25-7 1-03 35-0 260 0-846 40-0 36-1 1-01 59-0 70-3 2-34 73-0 98-9 3-21 59-0 65-1 2-33 75-0 152-5 5-12 74-0 1C6-9 3-65 73-0 107-30 3-71 74-0 120 -.30 3-93 68-0 94.25 3 -.36 74-0 126-80 4-21 65-0 91-00 3-14 60-5 68-20 2-38 58-5 66-80 , 2-43 53-5 47-50 1-24 58-0 58-10 1 1-32 Ice 52-05 jammed. 520 1 0-89 4-67 31-43 ' 4.25 33-37 1 4-975 24-5 1 4-40 17-91 4-20 17-06 4-16 12-41 4-00 26-52 3-85 22-02 4-12 36-59 4-69 164-76 5-20 317-67 4-65 151-5 5-85 780-21 5-29 389-65 5-29 398-07 5-42 472-81 5-12 316-34 5-50 533-30 5-08 286-00 4-68 182-00 4-57 162-10 4-26 58-90 4-60 76-50 5-47 46-52 25e— 15 206 I)i:partmext of the ixtehioh 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Pipestone River, near Laggan, for 1912. D.'^y. January. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge, Gauge Height. Dis charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 4-17 4-20 4-17 4-17 4-20 4-18 4-15 4-12 4-15 4-10 4-15 4-20 4-20 4-22 4-98 4-98 4-80 4-60 4-70 4-38 4-60 4-80 4-60 4-55 4-28 4-15 4-10 4-20 4-08 Sec.-ft. 34-6 34-0 34-6 34-6 34-0 34-4 35-0 35-0 35-0 35-0 350 34-0 34-0 33-6 24-6 24-6 22-0 20-0 21-0 16-6 20-0 22-0 20-0 19-0 15-6 14-0 13-0 14-0 12-6 Feet. 4-11 4-16 4-15 4-17 4-17 4-15 4-17 4-20 4-20 4-23 4-25 4-22 4-20 4-20 4-20 4-20 4-17 4-15 4-15 4-14 4-15 3-65 4-15 3-92 4-44 4-45 4-46 4-46 4-00 3-97 3-92 Sec.-ft. 13-2 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-6 15-0 14-4 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 13-8 14-0 7-0 14-0 10-4 17-8 18-0 18-0 18-0 12-0 11-4 10-4 Feet. 3-95 3-92 3-88 3-85 3-84 3-76 3-88 3-86 3-85 3-87 3-92 3-90 3-95 3-86 3-91 3-90 ' 3-85 3-95 3-96 3-95 3-95 1 4-05 4-03 4-06 4-06 4-04 4-04 4-05 4-03 4-12 Sec.-ft. 11-0 10-4 10-0 10-0 19-8 18-2 20-6 20-2 20-0 20-4 22-2 21-0 24-0 20-2 21-6 21-0 20-0 24-0 24-6 24-0 24-0 31-0 29-4 32-0 32-0 30-2 30-2 31-0 29-4 38-4 Feet. 4-06 4-04 4-12 4-06 4-09 4-14 3-41 4-65 4-80 4-69 4-65 4-85 4-99 5-26 5-53 5-53 5-36 5-18 5-14 5-10 5-00 5-20 5-04 5- 15 5-24 5-43 5-54 5-34 5-09 5-00 4-88 Sec.-ft. 320 30-2 38-4 32-0 35-0 40-8 89-2 150-0 196-0 162-0 150-0 212-0 264-0 385-0 548-0 548-0 441-0 334-0 326-0 308-0 268-0 354-0 284-0 330-0 374-0 484-0 555-0 429-0 304-0 268-0 223-0 Feet. 4-75 4-80 4-70 4-70 4-60 4-66 4-98 5-36 5-51 5-47 5-50 5-58 5-54 5-50 5-86 5-67 5-70 5-71 5-79 5-79 5-85 5-78 5-95 5-91 5-86 6-00 6-10 5-75 5-46 5-42 Sec.-ft. 180-0 2 196-0 3 165-0 4 165-0 5 136-0 6 153-0 7 260-0 8 . 4410 9 535-0 10 509-0 11 528-0 12 583-0 13 ... 555-0 14 528-0 15 788-0 16 646-0 17 668-0 18 675-0 19 735-0 20 735-0 21 780-0 22 727-0 23 . . 860-0 24 4-63 4-54 4-60 4-48 4-38 4-33 4-27 4-17 28-4 30-0 29-0 30-4 31-4 32-0 32-6 34-6 828-0 25 788-0 27 28 29 30 900-0 980-0 705-0 502-0 477-0 31 (1) No records Jan. 1 to 23. now RIVER POWER AXD STORAdE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 207 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Pipestone River near Laggan for 1912. — Concluded. T>AY. Ju y. Aug ust. September. October. Xoveniber. December. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- cbarge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 5-30 5-35 5-31 5-25 5-30 5-71 5-59 5-56 554 5-54 5-52 5-46 5-58 5-40 5-34 5-32 5-25 5-25 5-27 5-34 5-31 5-35 5-35 5-65 5-51 5-45 5-36 5-28 5-^8 5-30 5-33 Sec.-ft. 407 435 413 379 407 675 590 569 555 555 542 502 583 465 429 418 379 379 390 429 413 435 435 632 535 496 441 396 396 407 424 Feet. 5-38 5-42 5-37 5 -.50 5-57 5 -.35 5-23 5-23 5-36 5-30 5-26 513 5-06 5-05 5-07 5-39 5-59 5-48 5-54 5-58 5-61 5-59 5-64 6-17 615 5-77 5-60 5-53 5-45 5-34 5-26 Sec.-ft. 453 471 447 528 576 435 369 369 441 407 385 321 292 288 296 459 590 515 555 583 604 590 625 1.036 1,020 720 .597 ,548 496 429 385 Feet. 5-22 514 5- 13 5 09 5-14 5-04 5-00 502 4-96 4-94 4-97 5-04 501 5-01 4-87 4-84 4-83 4-83 4-78 4-71 4-64 4-72 4-71 4-63 4-69 4-64 4-64 4-61 4-59 4-59 See.-ft. 364 326 321 304 326 284 268 276 252 244 256 284 272 272 219 209 206 206 190 168 147 171 168 144 162 147 147 139 133 133 Feet. 4-64 4-60 4-55 4-55 4-61 4-60 4-57 4-58 4-55 4-55 4-50 4-41 4-48 4-48 4-48 4-52 4-57 4-54 4-. 50 4-48 4-41 4-40 4-38 4-44 4-41 4-41 4-20 414 410 4-06 4-06 Sec.-ft. 147 136 123 123 139 136 128 131 123 123 110 89 105 105 105 115 128 120 110 105 89 87 83 96 89 89 49 41 36 32 32 Feet. 4-26 4-31 4-46 4-55 4-58 4-56 4-56 4-58 4-58 4-66 4-66 4-65 4-61 4-58 4-35 5-21 4-72 4-85 4-68 4-63 4-66 4-65 4-74 4-75 5-33 5-72 6-05 6-21 6-17 6- 15 Sec.-ft. 59 64 92 108 110 102 98 98 94 106 102 98 82 76 32 227 80 100 58 46 44 40 46 44 168 292 440 520 478 440 Feet. 6- 14 6-11 6-01 5-91 5-80 5-85 5-84 5-68 5-60 5-53 5-35 5-46 5-55 5-45 5-30 5-30 5-30 514 5-12 5-04 4-98 5-05 5-05 5-00 4-89 4-95 4-91 4-87 4-86 4-89 4-86 Sec.-ft. 410 2 380 3 310 4 262 5 . 210 6. . 212 7 197 8 140 9 108 10 88 11 48 12 13 14 58 66 46 15 36 16 17 18 36 36 28 19 20 28 25 21 22 24 26 23 24 25 26 27 28 26 24 23 24 23 23 29 22 30 1 31 23 22 Notes: — Changing conditions, Xov. 1 to Dec. 14. Ice conditions, Dec. 15 to 31. Monthly Di charge of Pipestone River near Laggan, for 1912. (Drainage area, 122 square miles.) DlSCH.\RGE I.\ Second-Feet. Rlx -Off. .Mo.NTil. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square .Mile. Depth- in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. January (24-31) 34-6 .35-0 18-0 38-4 5.55-0 980-0 675-0 1,0360 3640 147-0 520 0 410-0 28-4 12-6 7-0 10-0 30-2 136-0 379- 0 288-0 133-0 32-0 32-0 22-0 31-0 26-3 13-9 23 0 264-7 557-6 ■ 468-1 510-7 224-6 100-8 145-0 96-2 0-25 0-22 0-11 0-19 2-17 . 4-57 3-84 4-18 1-84 0-83 1-19 0-788 0-07 0-24 0-13 0-21 2-50 5-10 4-43 4-82 2 05 0-96 1-33 0-91 493 February 1 513 855 April 1 369 Mav 16 276 June 33 179 July 28 782 August 31 401 13 364 October 6 198 November 8 628 December 5,915 The periofl 22-75 147,978 2oK- loi 208 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Fortymile Creek, near Banff, in 1912. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Lfs'^^on. VeSy. H^S- ^^^^^^^ Julv 31 H. C. Ritchie Feet. Sq. ft. 32 1 74-2 32 96-7 32 1 85-1 32-5 76-4 Ft. per sec. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1-36 3-90 100-95 Au" 19 do 1-95 4-55 188-6 Alicr ."^l do 1-86 4-30 158-0 Sept 14 do 1-61 , 3-89 1 123-0 Oct 1 H R Cram 28-5 57-0 1-39 1 3-43 78-9 Oct 15 do 28 53-5 1-28 3-25 68-2 Sept 30 H.C. Ritchie do 26 27-5 28-6 28-5 25-5 41-7 46-0 48-1 53-8 44-8 0-97 2-92 40-5 Nov 12 1-20 3-04 55-2 do 0-34 2-59 16-5 do 0-42 3-30 22-8 do 0-93 2-85 42-6 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Fortymile Creek, near Banff, for 1912. Day. August. September. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. October. Gauge Dis- Height charge. November. December. Gauge I Dis- Gauge j Dis- Height. \ charge. Height, j charge. Feet. ' Sec.-ft. ! Feet. I Sec.-ft. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. *«. IS ir. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet. 3-93 3-95 3-90 3-90 3-90 3-85 3-83 3-80 3-70 3-70 3-70 3-65 3-63 3-60 3-60 3-75 4-35 4-50 4-50 4-60 4-57 4-50 4-37 4-52 5-10 4-82 4-57 4-50 4-45 4-37 4-27 Sec.-ft. 120 122 116 116 116 112 110 108 100 100 100 96 94 92 92 104 164 182 182 194 190 182 166 184 254 220 190 182 176 166 155 Feet. 4-20 4-17 4-12 4-05 4-00 3-97 3-95 3-95 3-93 3-95 3-95 3-93 3-90 3-85 3-83 3-77 3-72 3-70 3-70 3-68 3-65 3-62 3-58 3-55 3-54 3-50 3-48 3-44 3-44 3-43 Sec.-ft. 147 144 138 132 126 124 122 122 120 122 122 120 116 112 110 106 101 100 100 Feet. Sec.-ft. 3-43 3-42 3-40 3-43 3-40 3-37 3-35 3-35 3-35 3-34 3-32 3-30 3-29 3-27 3-24 3-24 3-26 3-24 3-25 3-23 80 79 78 80 78 76 74 74 74 74 72 71 70 69 67 67 68 67 68 66 64 63 63 62 62 62 61 61 60 60 60 3-12 3-12 3-10 3-08 3-08 3-06 3-06 3-06 3-06 3-04 3-04 3-04 3-04' 3-10 3-15 315 58 1 313 55 3-12 53 3-10 50 3-06 46 3-04 43 3-00 39 2-98 36 2-98 34 2-70 31 2-59 16 2-59 16 2-58 15 2-70 17 2-75 17-50 2-75 2-97 3-10 305 3-02 3-04 2-60 2-65 2-78 2-85 2-70 2-70 2-72 2-75 2-74 3-45 2-73 2-95 2-90 2-87 2-85 2-83 2-85 2-85 2-83 2-83 17-50 21-0 240 21-0 19-5 56 2-96 180 56 ' 2-93 16-5 56 2-90 15-0 56 2-90 15-5 55 2-94 15-0 17-5 12-0 13-0 16-0 19-0 17-50 18-0 20-0 22-0 23-0 59-0 26-0 37-0 37-0 38-0 40-0 41-0 44-0 440 430 43-0 •Shifting conditions Nov. 12 to Dec. 28, due to ice. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Monthly Discharge of Fortymile Creek, ucar Banff, for 1912, (Drainage area, 58 square miles.) 209 Discharge in Secoxd-Feet. Rux-Off. Month. MasLiiiiuiii. Minimum Mean. August September. October November . December. The period . 254 147 Per Square Mile. Depth in inches Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. 2-50 1-86 M9 ■786 •448 Note. — Gauge readings started Aug. 1, 1912. 2-88 2-08 1-37 •874 •516 7-720 Discharge jNIeasurement of Bow River at Banff, Alta.. in 1909. 8,916 6,426 4,243 2,678 1,599 23,862 Date. Hjdrographer. Width. Area of I Mean , Gauge section. [velocity height. Dis- charge . Feet. Sq. ft. June 9 P. M. Sander ' 316-5 June 23 J. C. Keith . July 8 do July 22 do August 9 do September 3 do September 23 t do 3195 320-5 312-5 298 0 294-0 257-0 1,228 1,513 1,931 1,260 1,045 994 774 Ft. per sec. 3-05 4-09 5-48 3-20 2-27 2-12 1-43 Feet. ! Sec.-ft. 2-69 3-55 I 4-86 ' 2-875: 2-38 2-20 1-50 3,737 6,184 10,586 4,033 2,379 2,104 1,122 210 nEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River at Banff, for 1909. j May. 1 June. July. D.w. Gauge height. Dis- Gauge charge, height. Dis- charge. Gauge height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 2-80 3-70 4-10 3-70 3-40 3-00 2-80 Sec.-ft. 4,015 6,680 8,020 6,680 5,715 4,560 Feet. 3-50 3-50 3-60 3-70 3-90 4-20 Sec.-ft. 6,020 2 6,020 3 6,350 4 6,680 5 7,345 6 8,360 7 4,015 1 5-00 3,510 1 5-00 3 760 ! 4-.50 11,060 8 2-60 2-70 3-00 3-50 3-80 4-00 4-00 4-00 4-00 4-40 11,060 9 9 380 10 4,560 6,020 7,010 7,680 7,680 7,680 7,680 9 040 4-10 4-00 3-70 3-50 3-30 3-20 3-20 3-20 3-10 2-95 2-85 2-80 2,90 3-00 3-10 3-00 8,020 7 680 11 ; 12 6 680 13 6,020 14 '. 5 415 15 5,120 16 5 120 17 5,120 18 4-30 1 8,700 4-.30 I S 700 4,830 19 4 390 20 4-10 4-10 3-90 3-50 3-30 3-10 310 3-10 3-20 3- 10 3-20 8,020 8,020 7,345 6,020 5,415 4,840 4,840 4,840 5,125 4,840 5,125 4,090 21 3,920 22 4,090 23 4,200 24 4,330 1-60 1-80 2-00 2-30 2-60 2-50 2-50 1,400 1,770 2,170 2,800 3,510 3,260 3,260 4 inn 26 3-00 4,060 27 3- 10 1 4,190 28 3- 10 i 4,130 29 3-00 ' 3,920 30 3-00 3,880 31 3-00 3.820 BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 211 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River at Banff, for 1909. — Concluded. ' August. September. 1 October. November. D.w. Gauge Dis- Height . charge Gauge < Dis- H eight, charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Seo.-ft. 3-00 3,780 2-90 3,560 2-80 3,350 2-70 3,140 2-70 , 3,080 2-55 2,800 2-40 2,500 2-40 2,450 2-40 2,400 2-30 2,250 2-40 2,400 2-40 2,400 2-40 2,400 2-40 2,400 2-40 ^ 2,400 2-40 2,400 2-40 2,400 2-30 2,250 2-40 2,400 2-40 2,400 2-40 ' 2,400 2-30 2,250 2-20 1 2,100 2-10 1 1,955 2-10 1,955 2-30 2,2.50 2 -.50 2,560 2-25 2,175 2- 10 1,9.55 2- 10 1,955 2- 10 1,955 Feet. 2-10 2-10 2-20 2-20 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-20 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-00 1 • 90 1-90 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-90 1-80 1-70 1-60 1-60 1-.50 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-40 1-75 Sec.-ft. 1 , 955 1,9.55 2, 100 2,100 1,955 1,9.55 1,9.55 2, 100 1,9.55 1,955 1,9.55 1,810 1,670 1,670 1,5.30 1,.5.30 1,.530 1,670 1,530 1,390 1,250 1,250 1,120 1.000 1 , 000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,460 Feet. 1-75 1-60 1-60 1-50 1-50 1-40 1-.50 1-40 1-30 1-40 Sec.-ft. 1,460 1,250 1,2,50 1,120 1,120 1,000 1,120 1,000 890 1,000 Feet. 0-90 0-90 0-95 0-95 0-90 0-90 0-80 0-80 0-90 0-90 0-90 Sec.-ft. 475 2 475 3 525 4 525 5 475 6 475 7 375 8 375 9 475 10 475 11 1-40 1 1,000 1-30 ; 890 1-30 1 890 1-30 1 890 1 • 20 785 475 12 13 14 * 16 1-20 1-20 MO 110 MO MO MO MO MO 1-00 1-00 1-00 0-95 0-95 1-00 0-95 785 785 680 680 680 680 680 680 680 575 575 575 525 525 575 525 IS 19 20 21 22 24 27 29 31 1 Note. — On September 23rd the gauge was lowered 1 foot and all previous ob.servations were increased 1 foot to appl.x' to the present position of the gauge. Monthly Drainage of Bow River at Banff, Alta.. for 1909. (Drainage area, S'li -ciirur mili- Disch.\k(:e in .Seco.niI-Fekt. Maximum. Minimum. May (25-31) June July August September October November (1-11). The period 3,510 9,040 11,060 3,780 2,100 1,460 525 1.400 3,510 3,920 1.9.55 1.000 525 375 2.. 595- 7 6,204-5 5,787-1 2,473-2 1,. 578-3 834-5 465-9 Per .square mile. 2-963 7-082 6-606 2-823 1-801 0-952 0-532 Depth in inches on drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 0-771 7-901 7-616 3-2.55 2-009 1-097 0-218 36.039 369,193 3,55,833 1,52,068 93,918 51,311 10, 165 1,068,, 527 212 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Bow River at Banff, in 1910. Date. Hydrographer. Mavis C.Keith June 3. June 17. Julv lo. Aug 11. Aug. 31. Sept. 22. Oct. 19. Nor. 5. Dec. 1. Dec 43. do do I do I do do do H. R. Cascallen . . do . . do . . do *Ice conditions. Width. Area of section. Mean velocity. Gauge Height. Feet. 304 317 322 320 315 274 278 283 239-5 119 59 Sq.ft. Ft. per sec. Feet. 1107-59 1255-45 1595-86 1528-68 1265-85 864-19 867-97 884-98 729-80 517-85 182-80 2-553 2-99 4-205 3-927 2-94 1-62 1-5S 1-61 1-16 0-86 2-23 2-375 2-865 3-94 3-72 2-925 1-83 1-81 1-90 1-22 »0-82 •0-52 Discharge. Sec. -ft. 2827-20 3745-43 6710-95 6003-60 3727-37 1403-57 1378-02 1428-02 844-26 496-63 406-85 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River at Banff, for 1910. April. May. D.\Y. June. July. I Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge Db- charge. Height, charge. I Gauge Dis- I Height charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. i Feet. 1 Sec.-ft. i Feet. Sec.-ft. 1 , 2 1 3 1 4 ! 6 7 8. . 9 10 •3 •3 •35 •5 •4 -35 -4 -4 -4 -5 •75 460 11 460 12 470 13 518 14 485 15 470 16 485 17 485 18 485 19 518 20 610 -85 115 1-55 1-9 i 2-1 21 1-95 185 630 630 650 810 I 1,092 j 2,155 I 2,420 ! 2,420 2.220 2,095 1-75 1-65 1-65 1-7 1-8 2-15 2-4 2-6 I 2-7 2-65 j 2-45 2-35 i 2-35 ' 2-3 I 2-2 I 2-1 2-1 2-25 I 2-25 I 2-2 i I 2-2 2-3 2-7 3-0 ; 3-35 i 3-7 3-55 3-2 2-95 2-75 2-7 1,978 1 1,865 1,865 1,920 2,035 2,490 2,865 3,210 3,400 3,305 2,947 2,788 2,787 2,710 2,560 2,420 2,420 2,635 2,635 2,560 2,560 2,710 3,400 4,045 4.915 5,940 5,475 4,530 3,930 3,500 3,400 2-85 3-05 2-9 2-7 2-7 2-9 3-25 3-2 3-1 3-1 3-7 4-35 4-05 3-65 3-6 3-8 3-9 4-1 3-7 3-85 3,708 4,165 3,815 3,400 3,400 3,815 4,657 4,530 4,285 4,285 5,980 8,120 7,100 5,782 5,630 6,250 6,575 7,265 5,935 6,413 4-05 7.088 3-65 5,782 3-35 4,903 3-2 I 4,480 3-1 I 4,205 3-4 3-7 3-8 3-75 3-55 5,045 5,935 6,250 6,092 5,483 3-45 3-4 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-25 3-25 3-35 3-3 3-3 3 3 3-4 3-5 3-65 3-7 3-75 3-8 3-8 3-65 3-5 3-45 3-35 3-25 3-15 2-95 2-9 2-75 2-7 2-6 2-6 2-7 5,190 5,045 4,760 4,760 4,760 4,620 4,620 4,902 4,760 4,760 4,760 5,045 5,335 5,783 5,935 6,092 6,250 6,250 5,783 5,335 5,190 4,902 4.620 4,343 3.792 3,655 3.243 3.105 2.855 2,855 3.105 From April 10 to 25. curve not sufficiently defined to read discharge. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 213 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bo\v River at Banff, for 1910. — Continued. DAT. August. September. Oct-ober. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge ' Dis- Gauge Height, charge. Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1 2-7 3,105 2 2-65 2,980 3 2-55 2,732 4 2-6 2,855 5 2.75 3,243 6 31 4.205 7 3-1 4,205 8 2-95 3,792 9 30 3,930 10 30 3,930 11 295 3,793 12 29 3,6.55 13 2-85 3,517 14 2-8 3. .380 15 2-75 3,243 16 2-6 2,855 17 2-55 2,7.32 18 2.45 2.498 19 2-4 2.385 20 2-5 2.610 21 245 2,497 22 24 2.385 23 2-35 2,283 24 2-25 2,085 25 215 1,930 26 2.05 1,727 27 2-0 1,645 28 2-0 1.615 29 19 1.500 30 1-85 1,435 31 1-8 1,370 Feet. Sec.-ft. i Feet, i Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-9 1.85 1-95 1-85 1-8 1-7 1-7 1-6 1-6 10 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1 ■ 55 1-6 1-65 1-75 1-S 1-8 1-85 1-75 1-7 1-fi 1-6 1-6 1-6 1,370 1.370 1,370 1,500 1,435 1,573 1.435 1.370 1,255 1,255 1.150 1.150 1,150 1,055 1,055 1.0.55 1,055 1,102 1,150 1,203 1,312 1,370 1,370 1,435 1,313 1,255 1,150 1,1.50 1,150 1.150 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-45 1-4 1-4 1-6 1-55 1-6 1-9 1-9 1-85 1-8 1-75 1-75 1-8 1.85 1-9 1-85 1-8 1-S 1-7 1-7 1-6 1-6 1-55 1.35 1-45 1-45 1-45 1-4 1,055 1,055 1,055 1,015 975 1,150 1,102 1,150 1,530 1,590 1,435 1.-370 1,313 1,312 1,370 1,435 1,500 1,435 1,370 1,370 1,255 1,255 1,150 1,150 1,103 940 1,015 1,015 1,015 975 1-3 905 1-3 905 1-3 905 1-25 872 1-2 840 Feet. I Sec.-ft. 0-82 0-75 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 840 840 840 810 840 0-79 0-77 0-8 0-79 0-68 0-9 t 675 j 1 1. ..:.... 0-67 0-71 0-66 0-64 0-60 0-66 0-50 0-.57 0-68 0-65 0-65 0-64 0-60 0-,59 0-6! 0-44 496 '475' 487 481 490 487 454 1-2 840 0-6 430 1-1 780 0-73 469 1-15 810 0-75 475 0-S 630 0-70 460 1-05 753 0-64 442 451 463 448 442 430 448 404 421 454 445 445 442 430 427 439 392 •Ice conditions during all the month of December. fXo gauge height observations from Nov. 17 to Dec. 1. Monthly Discharge of Bow River at Banff, for 1910. (Drainage area, 845 square miles). DiSCH.VRGE IN SCCOND-FeET. Run-Off. Month. .Maximum Minimum. Mean. I Depth in ! Per .square 1 inches on Total in mile. ! Drainage acre-feet, area. April 26-.30 2,420 2,095 2,262 2-68 I -498 , 22,433 Mav 5.940 1,865 3,093 3-66 4-22 190,018 June I 8,120 3,400 5,345-8 6-32 7-05 318,098 Julv . ' 6,250 2,855 4.722.9 5-59 I 6-445 293.400 August ■.■:■.;■■.■.::■.■.:■.■.■..:■.■..:.. .'.....I 4.205 1.370! 2.778 3-29 3-79 170. 8I6 Sentember "■ I 1,573 1,055 1,257 1-49 1-66 , 74.806 October L500 940 1,203-7| 1-42 -637 ' 74,010 November i-ie::::::: :...; i 905 63o 819 -97 -577 m.ou December, 28 days I 496 392 451 -03 -o5 2oM> Thcperiod 1 | , 1.391,642 214 DEPARTUEyT OF THE JXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Bow River a. Banff, Alta., in 1911. Date. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Jan. 23. Feb. 15. Mar. 8. Mar. 24 Apr. 6. Anr. 26 May 10. May 31. June 15. June 29. July 13. JulV 26. Aug. 17. Aug. 31. Sept. 18. Oct. 18. Nov. 4. Nov. 24. Dec. 21. H. R. Carscallen do do do H. C. Ritchie.... do do B. Russell do do do H. C. Ritchie.... H. Brown do do V. A. Newhall... do do do 50 51 52 82-5 58 161-5 240 284-5 320 322 320 319 305 297 279 199-5 130-5 114 54-5 Sq. ft. 151-6 140-6 151-4 172-5 148-8 586-9 739-6 957-5 1709 1566 1305 1376 1092 1042 872-1 655-8 556-3 473-7 173-0 Ft. per sec. 2-58 2-17 2-26 1-97 1-89 101 1-51 1-93 4-62 4-03 3-01 3-25 2-25 1-98 1-56 1-03 0-99 1-00 1-89 Feet. 0-84 0-71 006 0-16 *0-04 0-65 1-24 1-90 4-35 3-90 2-98 3-30 2-49 2-26 1-73 109 0-85 0 76 0-41 Sec .-ft. 390 -6x 305 -5x 341 •4x 340- 2t 281-3! 592-7 1,114 1.852 7,908 6,309 3,928 4,465 2.456 2-066 1,365 ■ 373-8 553-0 474 -Of 327-4t * Negative gauge height. x Ice conditions. f Partlv frozen over. Daily Gauge Heights and Discharge of Bow River at Banff, Alta., for 1911. Januarv. Februarv. March. April. Gauge I Dis- i Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge I Dis- Height. charge. ! Height, charge. Height, charge. Height . charge. May. Gauge Dis- Gauge I Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge. June. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feet. 0-25 0-23 0-44 0-47 0-54 0-58 0-59 0-55 0-29 0-41 0-48 0-60 0-59 0-65 0-70 0-72 0-76 ; 0-78 0-82 0-90 0-88 0-84 0-82 0-82 0-74 ■ 0-76 0-85 0-93 0-95 0-92 0-88 Sec.-ft. Feet. 280 260 345 345 375 375 375 320 210 240 265 300 280 295 300 312 336 348 374 430 416 388 374 374 324 336 395 451 465 444 416 0-76 0-81 0-88 0-92 1-04 0-92 0-91 0-89 0-91 Sec.-ft. 336 367 416 444 537 444 437 423 437 Feet. ' Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 0-91 437 0-89 423 0-87 409 0-73 318 0-71 306 0-67 285 0-71 306 0-71 306 0-59 251 to- 58 247 0-57 243 0-49 211 0-49 211 0-50 215 0-52 223 0-62 263 to -55 235 0-47 203 0-41 210 009 240 270 285 255 265 280 300 307 307 301 289 289 286 304 289 292 292 292 313 334 344 334 344 334 313 313 313 310 322 331 322 t*0 *0 *0 •0 0 *0 *0 to 0 •0 •0 ♦0 ♦0 •0 to 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 313 292 274 268 283 .307 292 289 295 298 292 280 280 283 283 295 307 304 316 334 400 400 400 460 590 583 583 569 583 Feet. 0-76 0-90 0-94 104 1-23 1-42 1-38 1-31 1-27 1-23 1-22 1-21 1-20 1-20 1-25 1-35 1-57 1-70 1-67 1-66 1-65 1-72 1-64 1-55 1-48 1-41 1-36 1-32 1-36 1-44 1-73 Sec.-ft. 795 831 921 1,100 1,290 1,250 1,180 1,140 1,100 1,090 1,080 1,070 1,070 1,120 1,220 1,452 1,595 1,562 1,551 1,540 1.619 1,529 1.430 1,353 1,286 1,230 1,190 1,230 1,310 1,631 Feet, i Sec.-ft. 2,595 4,210 5.200 5.200 4,330 3,970 3,735 3,735 3,735 3.850 4.815 6.572 7.900 9.310 8,095 7,900 7.710 7.786 7.155 6.640 6.572 8.017 8.9(XI 8,095 8,613 6.572 6.572 6.640 6.640 6,470 tNo observations, gauge height interpolated. 'Negative gauge height. Note.— Very good winter Station. BOW NITER POWER A\D STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 215 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharge oi' Bow River at Banff, Alta., for 1911. — Continued. D.\Y. Ju l.v. Aug u.st. September. October. November. Dece mber. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height Di.s- charge. 1 Feet. 3-88 3-88 3-80 3-55 3-27 3-20 3-61 3-50 3-25 3-20 3-12 3-05 2-98 3-00 3-22 3-28 3-38 3-38 3-14 3-05 2-97 3-10 ■ 305 3-00 317 3-29 3-20 2-94 2-92 2-93 2-85 Sec.-ft. 6,252 6,252 6,025 r,.?,?,n 4 , 'i 1 N 4.4.5U 5,493 5,200 4,570 4,450 4,258 4,090 3,922 3,945 4,545 4,700 4,965 4,940 4,200 3,915 3,660 3,990 3,840 3.670 4,095 4,4.36 4,180 3,475 3,425 3,450 3,250 Feet. 2-78 2-84 2-86 2 ■ »» 2-85 2-86 2-75 2-65 2-58 2 -.50 2-55 2-48 2-48 2.52 2-45 2-48 2-48 2-52 2-44 2-39 2-30 2-27 2-28 2-30 2-21 217 2-14 2-18 2-23 Sec.-ft. 3,079 3,225 3,275 3.. 325 3,325 3,325 3,250 3,275 3,010 2,790 2,643 2,480 2,580 2,442 2,442 2,. 520 2,385 2,442 2,442 2,520 2.367 2,277 2,120 2,072 2,088 2,120 1,976 1,915 1,871 1,930 2,008 Feet. 2 -.30 2-32 2-38 2-38 2-28 2-18 2-07 2 00 1-98 1-92 1-91 1-91 210 1-99 1-93 1-89 1-81 1-73 1-69 1-62 1-62 1-61 1-.59 1-.54 1-48 1-46 1-41 1-40 1.38 1-37 Sec.-ft. 2,120 2,154 2,259 2,259 2,088 1,930 1,773 1,675 1,049 1,574 1,562 1,.562 1.815 1,662 1,586 1,538 1,442 1 . 346 1,298 1,214 1,214 1,202 1,178 1,119 1,053 1,031 976 965 945 935 Feet. , 1-32 1-32 1-32 1-28 1-27 1-22 1-20 1-21 1-19 1-18 1-18 1-18 1-17 1-18 118 113 1-08 1-08 1-04 1-02 100 0-99 0-97 0-98 0-87 0-75 0-79 0-76 0-72 0-72 0-70 Sec.-ft. 88.5 885 885 845 835 788 770 779 761 752 752 752 743 752 752 709 671 671 644 632 620 614 602 608 542 475 495 480 460 460 450 Feet. 0-65 0-67 0.76 0-83 0-80 0-80 to- 71 to -62 tO-51 to -38 0-23 0-20 0-24 0-39 0-56 0-66 0-74 0-81 0-80 0-79 0-79 0-63 0-62 0-60 0-65 0-62 0-52 0-.53 0.55 0-67 Sec.-ft. 425 435 480 518 500 500 455 410 364 319 276 270 278 322 384 430 470 .506 ,50() 495 495 415 410 400 425 410 368 372 380 435 Feet. 0-69 0-72 0-67 0-63 0-58 0-58 0-60 0-60 0-60 0-59 0-51 0-57 0-55 0-55 0-51 0-51 to -47 0-44 0-49 0-51 0-41 0-51 0-52 to -50 0-48 0.41 0-40 0-41 0-61 0-66 to- 64 Sec.-ft. 445 2 460 3 435 4 415 392 6 392 400 8 400 9 400 10 396 11 364 12 388 13 380 14 380 15 16 364 364 17 348 18. 337 19 356 20 364 21 328 22 23 364 368 24 360 25 352 26 328 27 325 28 328 29 405 30 430 31 420 Monthly Discharge of Bow River at Banff, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 857 square mile.s.) Dl.SCH.ARGE IN .SeCOND-FeET. Rlx-Off. Month. Ma.ximum . Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. January February March April May June 465 537 344 590 1,631 9,310 6,252 3,325 2,259 885 518 460 210 203 240 268 669 2,. 595 3, 2.50 1,871 935 450 270 325 347 327 302 367 1,240 6,251 4,438 2,. 565 1,504 680 415 380 0-405 0-382 0-352 0-428 1-45 7-30 5-18 2-99 1-75 0-794 0-484 0-443 0-47 0-40 0-41 0-48 1-67 8-14 5-97 3-45 1-95 0-92 0-,54 0-51 21,336 18,161 18,569 21,838 76,240 371,960 Julv 272,878 August 157,715 September 89,494 October 41,812 24,694 December 23,365 Thevear 24-91 1,138,062 1 216 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Bow River at Banff, in 1912. Date. Hydrographer. Jan. 1. Jan. 15. Jan. 26. Feb. 3. Feb. 10. Feb. 17. Feb. 24. Mar. 5. Mar. 14. Mar. 25 Apr. 8 Apr. 13 Apr. 22 May 7 May 20 June 4 June 17 July 3 July 15 July 29 Aug. 12 Aug. 26 Sept. 9 Sept. 30 Oct. 19 Oct. 31 Nov. 11 Nov. 25 Dec. 9 Dec. 23 V. A. Newhall. do do do do do do do H. C. Ritchie. . do do do do do do do do do do do do do do H. R. Cram... H. C. Ritchie.. do do do do do Width. Feet. 53-0 50-0 56-0 51-5 50-0 50-0 50-0 50-0 52-0 51-0 57-5 60-0 120-0 126-0 284-0 275-5 320-5 312-5 313-5 314-5 309-5 319-5 302-0 276-0 263-5 188-0 195-0 126-0 119-0 115-0 Area, of Section. Sq. ft. 176-5 164-0 200-0 156-4 150-5 153-0 148-0 145-2 153-8 139-95 150-63 163-0 475-7 542-4 931-0 808-1 1,377-5 1,214-38 1,268-65 1,209-67 1,151-10 1^442-80 1,0160 820-0 760-0 583-0 621-8 534-5 477-6 458-2 Mean. Velocity. Ft. per sec. 1-62 1-92 1-41 1-72 1-83 1-84 1-71 1-60 1-32 1-65 1-72 1-83 0-64 0-897 1-83 1-51 3-42 2-78 2-89 2-67 2-49 3-44 2-05 1-42 1-25 0-92 1-15 0-88 0-90 1 0-86 Gauge Height. Feet. 1-78 2-03 2-08 118 1-15 1-24 1-25 l-OO 0-90 0-97 0-90 115 1-15 1-44 1-93 1-53 3-40 3-00 3-00 2-80 2-20 3-60 2-25 1-65 1-50 0-90 1-05 0-68 0-63 0-64 Discharge. Sec.-ft. 280-0 314-8 284-0 268-4 275-0 282-2 252-5 230-8 202-7 230-6 258-5 298-1 307-3 486-98 1,702-02 1,220-45 4,708-92 3,381-25 3,665-88 3.230-90 2.864-87 4,966-10 2,079-00 1,167-00 951-00 537-60 713-00 472-40 431-47 392-59 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River, near Banff, for 1912. Day. January. February. March. April . May. Gauge j Dis- | Gauge i Dis- [ Gauge | Dis- | Gauge i Dis- I Gauge i Dis- Height. i charge. Height, charge. ; Height, charge. Height, charge. Height, charge. June Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 2-24 2-49 2-32 2-10 1 1-84 I 1,420 3-46 4,890 1,.528 3-48 4,950 1,516 3-52 5,070 1,492 3-52 5.070 1,726 3-46 4.890 2,024 3-50 5.010 2,452 3 -.56 5.192 2.152 3-53 5,100 1,820 3-20 4.140 1,640 3-10 3.860 1 468 •Gauge heights during 1912 are taken from a rod 1-09 lower than that used during 1911. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 217 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River, near Banff, for 1912.— Concluded. July. August. D.^Y. 1 1 September. October. ] November. December. ; Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height . charge. Height, i charge. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Height. 1 charge. Height. | charge. Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. i Feet. Sec.-ft. 95 3,450 3,282 3,476 3,078 3,122 3,944 4,252 4,420 4,252 4,168 4,a,=)6 3,916 3,308 4,280 3,776 3,636 3,144 3,012 3,012 3,056 3,012 3,034 3,306 4,056 4,364 4,140 3,720 3,100 3,078 3,034 3,078 3,210 3,502 3,330 3,502 3,502 3,608 2,924 2,814 2,946 3,056 2,946 2,814 2,530 2,434 2,434 2,858 3,748 ! 3,692 i 3,748 I 3,664 3,748 3,748 • 3.888 4,620 : 6,140 5,100 ' 4,420 4,2.52 3,860 I 3,402 2.990 2-66 2,792 2-56 2,590 2-49 2,452 2-45 2,380 2-40 2,290 2-34 2, 184 2-27 2,072 2-28 2,088 2-25 2,040 2-23 2,008 2-21 1,976 2-22 1,992 2-25 2,040 2-22 1,992 2-16 1,904 2-12 1,848 2-07 1,778 2-04 1,726 2-01 1,681 1-95 1,600 1-90 1,540 1-88 1,516 1-88 1,516 1-82 1,444 1-80 1,420 1-77 1,384 1-74 1,348 1-72 1,324 1-66 1,252 1-64 1,228 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft 1-64 1,228 1-03 648 0-65 435 1-63 1,216 103 648 0-64 432 1-60 1,180 MO 700 0-77 492 1-73 1,336 1-04 654 0-73 468 1-66 1,252 106 668 0-65 435 1-61 1,192 1-08 684 0-64 432 1-59 1,168 1-06 668 0-65 435 1-59 1,168 104 654 0-70 450 1-57 1,144 1-07 676 0-74 474 1-54 1,110 1-08 684 0-52 396 1-51 1.080 1-04 654 0-34 315 1-46 1,030 103 648 0-51 393 1-44 1-010 1-02 642 0-57 411 1-43 1,000 1-02 642 0-73 468 1-40 970 0-72 465 0-65 435 1-42 990 0-93 588 0-55 405 1-54 1,100 0-82 522 0-65 435 1-53 1,100 0-93 588 0-71 456 1-49 1,060 1-04 654 0-70 450 1-42 990 0-95 600 0-61 423 1-38 950 0-95 600 0-53 399 1-34 910 094 594 0-58 414 1-36 930 0-93 588 0-63 429 1-32 890 0-93 588 0-66 438 1-28 850 0-66 435 0-56 408 1-33 900 0-44 345 0-63 429 1-28 850 0-45 360 0-66 438 1-26 830 0-60 418 0-63 429 1-21 788 0-65 435 0-65 435 1-04 6,54 0-73 468 0-63 429 1-01 636 0-64 432 Monthly Discharge of Bow River at Banff, for 1912. (Drainage area, 857 square miles.) Di.scH.\RGE IX Second-Feet. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Run-Off. Depth in Per Square inches on Mile. Drainage Area. Total in- Acre-feet. January February... March April May June July August September. October November.. December. . The year. . . 317 283 244 398 2,470 5,192 4,420 6,140 2,792 1,3.36 700 492 270 241 205 246 379 1,000 3,012 2,4.34 1,228 636 345 315 291 266 224 295 1,485 3,4.30 3,566 3,530 1.847 1.017 584 429 0-34 0-31 0-26 0-34 1-73 4-00 4-16 412 216 M9 0-68 0-50 0-39 0-34 0-30 0-38 1-99 4-46 4-79 4-75 2-41 1-37 0-76 0-58 22-52 17,868 15,312 13,767 17,530 91,291 204, 100 219,260 217,050 109,903 62,534 34,750 26,378 1,029,743 218 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Spray River, near Banff, in 1910. Date. Hvdrographer. Width, Area of section. Mean velocity. Gauge height. Di.-^- charge. 1910. Julv 15 Aug 10- J. C. Keith do Feet. 108-5 82-5 77^5 74^5 730 72^5 57^0 52^0 Sq. ft. 233^82 181^87 127^ 23 134^52 120^69 100^10 178^35 9b 35 Ft. per sec. 622 5^245 3-85 414 3^77 312 I960 243 Feet. !■% b45 •86 •95 •83 •54 •63 ■59 Sec.-ft. 1. 452-45 9.52 ■ 00 Aug 31 do 490^03 Sept 22 i do 557^16 Oct. 19 H. R. Carscallen do 454^59 Nov. 5 312-81 Dec. 2 do 231-93 Dec. 24 do 221-69 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge o: Spray River, near Banff, for 1910. D.\Y. Ju y. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height . charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. b35 b30 b25 135 b35 1-45 b55 b45 b45 b50 145 1-io b40 b40 135 1-30 125 125 125 \-2Q 1-20 M5 1-20 b05 •95 •95 •93 •90 •85 •80 Sec.-ft. 862 820 777 862 862 950 1,042 950 950 950 995 950 950 905 905 862 820 777 777 777 735 735 695 735 617 545 545 510 510 4S0 450 Feet. •85 •85 •80 •80 •80 •90 •90 •85 •85 •85 • 80 •80 •80 •80 •80 •85 •85 •90 •90 •95 •95 •95 •95 •95 •95 •90 •85 •85 •85 ■85 Sec.-ft. 480 480 450 450 450 510 510 480 480 480 450 450 450 450 450 480 480 510 510 545 545 545 545 545 545 510 480 480 480 480 Feet. ■80 ■80 ■80 ■80 ■75 75 ■85 ■85 ■80 ■90 •95 •90 •93 •85 •85 •85 •85 •85 •85 •85 •80 •75 •75 •70 •75 •70 •60 •60 •60 ■60 ■60 Sec.-ft. 450 450 450 450 422 422 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft 2 3 4, 192 350 5 6 199 198 390 7 480 480 450 510 380 8 172 166 166 b62 171 260 9 235 10 235 11 545 510 510 480 480 480 480 480 480 480 450 422 422 395 422 395 345 345 345 345 345 220 12 255 13 156 147 152 152 b51 154 138 149 b52 144 167 1-62 177 175 172 180 • 176 158 164 200 14 170 15 1-95 1-95 1-95 2-00 1-80 1-75 1-75 1-75 1-70 160 b50 1-50 b45 r40 135 135 1-35 1,455 1,455 1,455 1,510 1.290 1.240 1,240 1,240 1,190 1,090 995 995 950 905 862 862 862 185 16 .. 185 17 180 18 .. 190 19 150 20 175 21 185 22 165 23 240 24 220 25 280 26 j 275 27 260 28 290 29 275 30 210 31 i 230 .. No observations taken for November. Ice conditions during December. Auxiliary Gauge used during mont h of December. BOW RH ER POWER AXD STORAGE 219 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e ^Monthly Discharge of Spray River, near Banff, for 1910. (Drainage area, 310 square miles.) Dl*CH.M!GE IN t^ErOND -P'EET. Run-Off. Month. Maximum Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. tXo observations taken for November. Depth in ' inches on Total in Drainage acre-feet. Area,. July (1.5-31) August September October Novembert 1,510 1,042 — 545 545 862 450 450 345 1,153 784 490 443 3-72 2-53 1-58 1-43 2-35 2-92 1-76 1-65 38,876 48.198 29, 157 27,213 December (4-31 ) 390 150 237 •764 •767 12 4S6 The period 155 930 i Discharge Measurements of Spray River, near Banff", Alta., in 1911. Date. Jan. 25 Feb. 15 Mar. 8 Apr. 8 Apr. 28 .\lav 12 June 17 Julv 3 July 15 Julv 28 Aug. 19. Sep. 2 Sept. 22. Oct. 14. Oct. 31. .\ov. 22 Dec 7 Hydrographer. Width. H. R. Carscallen do do do H. C. Ritchie .... do B. Russell do do H. C. Ritchie .... H. Brown do do V. A. Newhall ... do do do 33-5 22-5 275 37-5 60^5 74-5 120 119 118^5 117-5 111 92-5 74-5 62-5 40 35-5 325 .\rea of Section. Mean ^'elocitv. Gauge Height. Sq. ft. 104-8 1-2 303-6 168-7 148-7 119-0 86-0 83-6 87-4 85-6 Ft. per sec. 1-62 2 -.34 50-8 2-76 59-5 1-99 83-7 2-68 109-8 3-51 3.56-3 7-05 315-1 6-98 2.55-3 5 -So 3-48 4-42 4-4.5 3-91 3-61 3-07 219 2-40 Feet. •3-30 •2-05 •1-89 •()-75 0-36 0-58 0-75 Discharge. •170-3 143-4 140-2 118-6 •1-02 224-5 •1-35 385-0 2-70 2,511 2-22 2,200 1-80 1,494 1-60 1,058 1-36 745-8 256-7 191-1 201-4 •-■Auxiliary gauge. 220 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Spray River, near Banff, for 1911. January. February. March. April. May. June. Day. Gauge Dis- i Gauge Dis- Gauge Gauge ] Dis- i Gauge Height. , charge. .Height, j charge. Height. ! Height. \ charge. [Height. Dis- I Gauge ; charge. Height. Feet. 1 Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. \ Feet. 1 1-58 2".'. i 1-29 3 1-V6 4 211 5;; 2-07 6 2-02 7" ' 1-78 8 1-82 9 2-10 10 3-92 11 5-22 12 4-63 IS. 510 14 5-12 is! 504 16 : 4-83 17 : 4-68 18 4-38 19 4-23 20 4-08 21 3-99 22 4-12 23 3-68 24 3-49 25 3-27 26 3-20 27 : 3-16 28 1 3-12 29 ! 3-00 30 2-29 31 i 2-64 200 195 198 200 195 192 188 186 188 228 255 240 246 245 240 232 226 215 206 202 198 198 180 175 169 168 167 166 163 161 156 2-47 2-48 I 2-50 : 2-44 2-45 2-36 2-25 2-30 2-46 2-36 2-23 2-20 2-14 2-16 2-05 2-13 2-00 1-87 2-10 2-03 1-99 1-98 2-10 1-97 tl-98 tl-99 2-00 1-97 152 152 153 151 1.52 149 147 148 152 149 147 146 145 145 143 145 142 138 144 143 142 141 144 141 141 142 142 141 1-94 1-98 ' 1-72 1-82 tl-92 2-03 1-93 1-99 1-88 1-88 1-89 tl-94 2-00 1-77 2-33 211 2-72 2-27 t2-02 1-82 1-49 1-33 1-36 1-25 M2 140 141 135 137 140 143 140 142 139 139 139 140 142 136 149 144 157 147 142 137 140 140 142 148 150 to -98 150 0-84 154 0-80 140 0-82 147 0-81 144 0-79 136 0-85 to -80 0-75 0-73 0-74 0-75 0-77 0-77 to -77 0-78 0-77 0-77 0-77 0-78 0-77 Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft 158 140 122 116 119 122 130 130 130 133 130 130 130 133 130 ^0-76 126 U-76 126 T)-77 130 0-79 136 0-81 144 0-87 164 0-89 172 to -92 183 0-96 199 1-01 220 1-02 224 1-02 224 . 1-02 224 ; 1-01 220 tl-04 233 107 1-10 114 M7 1-26 1-36 I tl-35 1-35 1 1-37 1-36 1-36 i 1-35 I 1-35 tl-35 1-35 1-38 1-44 1-46 1-48 1-46 1-45 1-46 1-46 1-44 1-38 1-37 1-34 1-32 1-33 1-37 1-55 246 260 278 292 335 388 382 382 394 388 388 382 382 382 382 Dis- Dis- charge. Icharge. 394 377 366 372 394 512 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1-90 2-20 2-56 2-55 2-38 2-40 *l-54 1-53 1-48 1-52 1-88 2-26 2-65 2-45 2-70 815 1,190 1,852 1,830 1,484 1,520 1,520 1,502 1,412 1,484 1,476 1,920 2,390 1,920 2,510 399 2-65 2,390 436 2-65 2,390 449 2-75 2,640 462 2-68 2,460 449 2-58 2,220 442 2-52 2,090 449 2-62 2,320 449 2-70 2,510 436 2-55 2,160 399 2-65 2,390 2-35 2.500 2-35 2.500 2-25 2,260 2-25 2,260 2-32 2,428 'Readings made at regular gauge after June 7. tNo observations, gauge height interpolated. BOW RIVER POWER J.XD STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 221 Daily Gal'ge Height and Discharge of Spray River, near Banff, for 1911. — Continued. Julv. August. September. October. November. December. . Gauge Dis- Height. 1 charge. Gauge Dis- | Gauge Dis- Gauge i Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. : Height, charge. Height.] charge. Height, charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1 2-28 2 1 2-25 3 1 2-25 4 i 2-15 5 202 6 1-95 7 2-20 8 1-95 9 ! tl-88 10 1-82 11 182 12 , 1-75 13 1-75 14 ' 1-75 15 j 1-85 16 ; 1-85 17 1-90 18 1-85 19 1-78 20 • 1-70 21 1-72 22 1-75 23 1-72 24 1-68 25 : 1-72 26 1-76 27 I 1-68 28 i 1-62 29 1-60 30 l-oo 31 1-.54 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet, i Sec.-ft. 2,332 2,260 2,260 2,050 1,780 1,660 2,240 1,690 1,580 1,480 1,350 1,300 1,220 1,270 1,310 1,180 1,085 1,050 1,000 990 1-55 1-56 1-58 1-58 1-56 1-55 1-55 1-56 1-56 1-54 1,490 1-.53 1,390 1-.50 1,400 1-48 1,410 1-47 1,590 1-46 1,580 1-45 1.670 tl-41 1,560 1-37 1.430 1-36 1,300 1.310 1-.38 1-36 1-32 1-27 1-24 1-22 1-27 1-22 M8 117 117 1-18 995 1,000 1,020 1,020 995 945 910 880 870 850 830 795 755 745 770 755 725 690 670 660 705 '670 640 635 640 1-22 MS 1-22 1-29 1-22 980 980 119 M7 985 1-13 985 1-09 955 1-07 1-06 106 tl-05 105 102 0-99 0-98 0-96 0-92 690 664 696 752 672 656 624 593 579 572 572 565 565 544 524 518 506 482 u-yj! mz 0-91 476 0-89 465 0-88 455 0-88 455 0-84 430 0-84 430 0-83 425 0-83 420 0-82 410 0-80 400 0-79 0-79 0-77 0-76 0-76 0-73 0-70 0-70 0-69 0-69 0-69 0-70 0-69 0-69 0-69 0-07 0-65 0-64 0-62 0-64 0-01 0-61 0-59 0-59 0-55 0-54 0-44 0-39 0-37 0-32 207 395 390 380 370 370 355 340 335 330 325 320 320 315 305 310 305 305 305 300 310 305 310 305 310 300 300 270 260 260 240 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 0-24 0-20 0-50 0-35 0-36 0-34 to -36 to -38 to -40 to -42 0-45 0-54 0-68 0-62 111 113 M4 0-95 0.89 0-86 0-72 0-79 0-84 0-78 0-59 0-.52 0-42 0-57 0-68 0-75 I 225 215 300 255 258 252 250 235 235 230 225 235 238 230 258 255 250 232 225 215 200 202 207 202 190 188 180 190 198 201 tl-68 t No observations, gauge height, interpolated. Monthly Discharge of Spray Riverj near Banff, for 1911. (Drainage area, 310 square miles.) 198 191 194 196 199 201 200 200 194 188 189 198 200 201 200 192 198 200 218 218 220 222 211 213 218 245 260 250 200 220 235 DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. ' Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. January. . February March April May... June .. . July . . Augu.st. September. October November. December. The year. .. 255 153 157 233 512 2,640 2,332 1,020 752 395 300 260 156 138 135 116 246 815 990 635 400 232 180 188 199 146 143 156 389 2,011 1,523 829 "544 315 226 209 0-642 0-471 0-461 0-503 1-255 6-49 4-91 2-67 1-755 1-016 0-729 0-674 0-74 0-49 0-53 0-56 1-45 7-24 5-66 3 08 1-96 1-17 0-81 0-78 24-47 12,236 8,108 8,793 9,283 23,919 110,660 93,646 50,973 32,370 19,369 13,448 12,851 404,656 25e— 16 222 DEPARTIIEXT OF THE lyTElUOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Spray River, near Banff, in 1912. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Jan. 11 Jan. 24 Jan. 30 Feb. 9 Feb. 14 Feb. 26 Mar. 4 Mar. 16 Mar. 30 April 6 April 23 Mav 6 May 25 June 3 Julv 17 July 30 Aug. 15 Aug. 27 Sept. 10 Oct. 1 Oct. 14 Oct. 30. Nov. 12. Nov. 27. Dec. 11. Dec. 24. V. A. Xewhall do do do do W. Tumbuil . V. A. Xewhall H. C. Ritchie do do do do do do do do do do do H. R.Cram. . do H. C. Ritchie do do do do Feet. 26- 0 29-0 290 28-5 28-5 28-5 28-5 32-0 28-5 30-0 35-5 37-5 116o 106-5 119-5 117-5 116-5 117-5 116-5 115-0 1100 47-5 62-5 38-5 33-0 35-0 Sq. ft. Ft. per 75-40 1- 78-45 1- 74-10 1- 68-60 2- 58-45 2- 66-55 1- 68-02 1- 81-70 1- 7300 1- 62-87 1- 62-45 2- 65-50 2- 163-25 3- 13907 3- 261-35 5- 214-75 5- 169-80 4- 187-12 4- 172-60 4- 128-0 3- 113-0 3- 92-9 3- 95-5 3- 71-48 2- 86-95 1- 108-0 2- 1-99 1-92 1-92 M8 2-44 1-89 1-24 1-44 1-54 1-97 2-41 2-85 3-92 5-72 5-95 5-21 1-45 1-65 1-38 5-93 }-73 5-67 5-34 1-52 1-66 J-09 Feet. ■^ec.-ft. 5-975 150-0 5-53 1.50-5 5-66 141-91 5-225 149-50 5-085 142-80 4-995 125-90 5-00 84-37 5-27 117-64 510 112-35 4-73 123-80 4-69 150-38 4-79 186-45 5-86 640-28 5-65 517-06 6-85 1,5.56-28 6-50 1,118-40 6-08 7.54-70 6-20 S71-0 6-00 7,57-0 5-60 504-0 5-48 420 0 5-27 341-0 5-18 3190 4-94 180-39 5-25 144-20 5-77 225-72 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Spray River, near Banff, for 1912. T>AY. January. February . March. Gauge Dis- j Gauge Dis- ' Gauge Dis- Height . charge Height . charge Height . charge . April. May. June. Gauge Height . Dis- I Gauge charge, i Height . Dis- Gauge I Dis- charge. Height, charge. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feet. 6-53 5-98 6-10 6-08 5-97 5-87 *5-80 5-71 6-72 6- 10 5-97 600 5-90 •5-90 5-95 6-25 5-75 5-60 5-60 5-61 •5-61 5-63 5-57 5-52 5-61 5-55 6-40 *6-20 5-93 5-64 5-47 Sec. -ft. 155-0 150-0 151 0 151-0 150-0 1500 150-0 149-0 149 0 151-0 1500 150-0 1500 1500 150-0 152 0 150-0 149-0 149-0 149-0 149-0 149-0 148-0 147-0 149 0 148-0 1550 1520 1500 149-0 1460 Feet. ' Sec. -ft. Feet. 5-34 5-36 5-75 *5-61 5-61 5-48 5-28 5-21 5-21 5-21 •5-21 5-23 5-16 5-06 5-04 5-57 519 •5- 19 5-25 508 516 515 5-16 506 •5-05 5-03 4-97 4-90 4-90 144 144 150 149 149 147 143 141 141 141 141 142 140 137 137 148 141 141 142 138 140 140 140 137 137 136 135 132 132 •0 5- •0 4- •0 *4- -0 5- -0 0- -0 5- •0 0- •0 5- -0 5- •0 •5- •0 5- •0 5- •0 5- -0 4- •0 5- •0 5- ■0 *5- •0 5- •0 5- -0 5- -0 4- •0 4- -0 4- •0 •4- -0 4- -0 4- -0 4- -0 4- •0 t4- •5- •5- Sec.-ft. 138-0 135-0 1350 129-0 138-0 126-0 1250 141-0 120-0 1150 103-0 105-0 97-0 920 99-0 119-0 1150 100-0 97-0 960 910 910 830 830 860 89-0 890 79-0 75-0 124-0 1350 Feet. 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- *4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- *4- 4- 4- 4- 4- *4- 4- 4- 4- t4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- 4- Sec.-ft. 0 0 0 0 0 -92 108 ■ -85 108- •79 110^ •73 110- -69 110^ ■79 128^ •79 128- -63 120 • -66 124 • -68 125^ -65 126^ -65 128 ■ -65 130 ■ •65 132 ■ •66 134 • •66 135 ■ •65 135^ ■66 136^ •66 136 ■ •67 136^ •67 141- •66 141^ -67 150^ •69 149- ■72 158^ ■72 158 ■ ■71 1.55^ ■70 1.52^ ■71 155 ■ ■70 152 ■ "eet. Sec.-ft. Fee 4^70 1520 5^ 472 1.580 *5^ 4^72 158 0 5^ 4^72 158^0 5^ 4-73 1600 0^ 476 1690 5^ 4^82 I860 5^ 4^88 204^0 5^ 5 07 267 0 •6^ 507 267^0 6- 5 07 267 0 R- •5 35 374 0 6- 5 42 403 0 6- 5 66 5190 6- 602 738 0 6- 626 9120 •6^ 622 8810 7- 606 765 0 1- •6 05 758 0 ~. 598 7100 7- 594 6830 7- 583 6140 7 ■ 5 83 6140 '7- 5 82 6080 7- 584 6200 7- '6 20 865 0 -. 6-23 8880 "■ 617 8420 6- 6 05 758^0 6- 5 95 6900 •6^ 587 638 0 Sec.-ft. 590 540 535 504 474 469 499 690 724 943 877 1,065 1..306 1.306 1,420 1.485 2,530 2,390 2,-348 2.. 362 2,320 2.166 2.166 2,166 1.872 1,970 1,928 1,746 1.420 1,234 * Gauge Heights interpolated. t Shifting conditions from March 30 to April 23. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 223 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Spray River, near Banff, for 1912 — Concluded. Jul August. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge Height . Dis- charge . Feet. Sec.-ft. I Feet, i Sec.-ft. September. October. November. Gauge Dis- Gauge i Dis- Height . charge Height . ' charge 1,282 1,188 1.331 1,200 1,211 60 1,234 75 ; 1,420 91 i 1,634 03 ! 1,802 00 1 , 760 1,760 1,746 1,760 1.760 1,760 1.830 1,564 1,394 1,331 1,258 1.176 1.135 1,105 1,125 1,382 1.319 1.331 1.234 1.156 1.094 1,065 6-43 *6-40 •6-38 *6-36 6-35 6-33 6-20 6-20 6-18 fl-16 *6-18 6-20 6-15 6-10 606 fi-15 6-34 ♦6-34 6 -.34 6-31 6-32 6-31 6-30 6-32 »6-30 6-25 6-20 6-21 6-20 6-12 608 1.056 1.028 1.011 994 9S5 968 865 865 S57 834 857 865 826 792 765 826 977 977 960 951 943 960 943 904 865 873 865 Feet. ; Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. •6 05 6-01 5-98 5-95 *5-93 5-91 5-90 *5-95 601 6 02 6 02 6-06 6- 15 6-13 *6'06 6-00 5-98 5-93 5-93 5-86 5-83 •5-82 5-80 5-76 5-75 5-71 5-69 5-66 •5-64 5-62 758 731 710 690 676 663 656 690 731 738 738 I 765 826 812 765 724 710 676 676 632 614 608 596 572 566 545 535 519 509 499 5 59 0 61 5 59 5 67 0 62 '5 60 5 58 0 59 0 58 0 56 5 53 0 .50 5 ,50 5 49 5 46 5 47 5 40 5 52 0 51 5 45 5 41 0 41 n 41 0 41 0 40 5 36 5 35 5 33 5 25 5 22 0 21 484 494 484 524 499 489 479 484 479 469 454 439 439 434 421 425 395 449 378 374 366 334 322 318 Gauge I Dis- Height. I charge. December. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Feet. 5-24 5-21 *5-22 5-23 5-21 11 15 513 4-80 5-02 4-98 518 5-27 Sec.-ft. I Feet. 444 511 416 5- 12 399 5- 11 399 5 09 399 5-10 399 5-00 395 4-92 330 318 322 326 318 5-22 322 5-20 314 5-19 310 5-22 322 5-20 314 5- 19 310 519 310 5-20 311 5-20 T. m 308 9R7 267 278 267 243 248 210 ISO 144 188 174 229 243 Sec.-ft. 260 395 395 394 318 256 209 180 100 152 144 184 190 208 184 223 218 215 179 164 148 194 250 226 210 334 324 278 284 260 243 * Gauge heights interpolated. Monthly Discharge of S])ra>' Riv(>r, near Banff, for 1912. I Drainage ;irea. 310 square miles.) Discn.\RGE IN Sepo-nd -Feet. Ru.v-Off. .\lo.\TH. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per ."^(luaie Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. Januar.v February March April May 155 150 141 158 912 2. .530 1.830 1,056 826 524 330 395 146 1.32 75 108 1.52 469 1,065 778 499 318 144 144 1.50 141 108 134 517 1.405 1.398 907 664 428 272 237 0-48 0-45 0-35 0-43 1-67 405 4-51 2-93 214 1-38 0-88 0-76 0-55 0-48 0-40 0-48 1-92 4 -.52 5-20 3-38 2-39 1-.59 0-98 0-88 9,217 8, 104 6,641 7.9.50 31.789 83.590 Julv 85.960 .55.781 39., 529 26,348 16,161 14,. 5.54 22-77 385,624 25e— 16^ 224 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Cascade River at Bankhead, Aita., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. 1 Width. Area of Section. t Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Jan 27 H. R. Carscallen Feet. 27 27 27 42 49 45-1 45-1 44-6 44-8 44-8 45 43-5 38 43-3 Sq. ft. 45-0 35-8 34-1 53-2 55-5 144-3 141-3 127-8 123-7 126-0 100-1 99-4 89-0 114-1 Ft. per sec. 1 2-72 2-82 2-84 ! 2-10 2-09 4-95 1 4-38 3-89 3-84 1-97 1-79 1-55 1-56 0-90 Feet. 1-58 1-46 1-36 1-19 1-04 0-89 0-73 1-73 Sec.-ft. 122-0 Feb 14 do 101-0 Mar. 7 do 97-1 Mar 24 do 111-8 H. C. Ritchie 116-2 Aug 16 714-2 Aug 21 do 618-7 Sept 1 do 496-4 Sept 19 do 381-5 Oct 16 V. A. Newhall 248-6 Nov 6 do 178-8 Nov. 23 do 154-1* Dec 8 do 139-3 Dec 22 do 103-0 *No gauge. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Cascade River at Bankhead, Alta., for 1911. August. September. October. Dat. Gauge I Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge 1 Dis- j Height . I charge, j Height . charge. Height . | charge. November. December. 1.. 2.. 3.. 4., 5.. 6 . 7.. 8.. 9.. 10. 11.. 12.. 13.. 14.. 15.. 16.. 17. 18.. 19.. 20.. 21.. 22.. 23.. 24.. 25.. 26.. 27.. 28.. 29., 30., 31., Feet. See.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1-58 tl-56 tl-53 1-50 1-48 1-46 1-50 1-50 1-48 1-50 1-50 1-46 1-44 1-40 1-38 1-36 714 701 675 649 634 619 659 656 633 651 648 606 583 541 520 499 1-35 1-34 1-36 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-33 1-32 1.30 1-30 1-28 1-27 1-26 1-26 1-25 1-24 1-22 1-20 1-18 1-16 1-14 1-12 112 1-11 1-10 1-10 1-09 1-09 1-08 486 480 500 493 496 499 501 484 478 461 464 447 440 434 436 428 420 405 390 374 360 343 328 328 320 313 313 304 304 1-08 1-07 1-06 1-05 1-04 1-04 1-03 1-03 1-03 1-02 1-02 1-02 1-03 1-01 1-01 1-00 0-99 0-98 0-97 0-96 0-96 0-94 0-93 0-92 0-91 0-90 0-89 0-87 0-86 0-85 0-83 296 287 280 274 267 264 258 257 256 247 246 244 250 238 236 228 223 218 214 209 209 200 196 191 187 183 179 171 167 163 156 Feet. 0-84 0-85 0-85 0-86 0-87 Feet. 160 163 163 167 171 0-88 0-90 0-93 0-98 1-08 175 1-26 1-50 1-68 1-75 1-75 1-73 1-45 1 0-73 0-75 0.92 1-22 1-42 1-62 1-97 2-27 2-52 2-72 3-02 2-97 2-57 2-27 1-87 1-52 1-52 1-77 1-77 1-77 1-82 1-82 1-67 1-57 Sec.-ft. tNo observation, gauge height interpolated. JGauge carried away by ice on Nov. 18. Replaced Dec. 9. Note. — Not sufficient data to compute daily discha-.ge.s after Nov. 6. BOW RITER POWER AXD STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Monthly Discharge of Cascade River at Bankheacl, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 248 square miles.) 225 Discharge in Secoxd-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. ! Minimum. August (16-31)... September October November (1-6). The period Mean. 714 499 501 298 296 156 175 160 Depth in Per square inches on Total in mile. Drainage | acre-feet, area. 624 411 226 166 2.016 1-657 0-911 0-669 1-50 1-85 1-05 0-15 4-55 19,803 24,456 13,896 1,976 60,131 Discharge Measurements of Cascacb River at Bankhead, in 1912. Date. Hjdrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Feet. Sq. ft. I Ft. per sec. Feet. Jan. 29 V. A. Feb. 8 Feb. 20 Feb. 27 Mar. 27 H. C. April 12 April 26 May 8 May 21 June 7 June 18 July 17 July 30 Aug. 17 Aug. 28 Sept. 11 Oct. 2 Oct. 21 Oct. 29 Nov. 15 Nov. 29 Dec. 12 Dec. 31 Newhall. do do do Ritchie.. do do do do do do do do do do do R. Cram C. Ritchie do do do do do 45-5 43-0 24-5 18-5 46-0 46-0 44-0 46-0 49-0 44-0 53-3 39-5 35-0 49-0 57-3 59-1 55-2 51-0 52-0 51-4 56-0 57-0 52-0 164-2 163-7 22-6 19-1 81-1 76-3 74-6 100-9 104-3 66-6 182-8 42-4 44-5 158-2 192-3 187-0 124-0 121-6 126-2 109-8 146-1 142-0 118-4 3-03 3-21 2-91 1-78 1-36 1-32 1-34 1-81 1-97 1-24 3-30 0-84 0-84 2-96 3-65 3-30 2-48 2-35 2-35 208 2-66 2-58 2-25 Sec.-ft. 108-4 122-3 41-4 64-5 69-6 57-T 57-3 174-2 262 -S 47-3 1,446-0 16-4 15-4 1,162-1 1,4390 1,164-6 296-0 244-8 262-6 150-6 447-9 383-4 218-0 226 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Cascade River at Bankhead, for 1912. D.^Y. January. February . March. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 2-32 2-17 2-07 2-27 (1) Sec.-ft. 80-8 74-8 70-8 78-8 Feet. 2-82 2-77 2-72 2-67 .. 2-62 2-57 3-28 3-22 3-15 2-77 2-60 2-47 2-32 2-25 2-30 2-22 2-17 2-12 2-07 2-02 2-41 2-14 2-10 2-07 1-77 1-82 1-78 2-52 2-57 Sec.-ft. 101-0 99-8 96-8 94-8 92-8 90-8 119-0 117-0 114-0 98-8 92-0 86-8 80-8 78-0 80-0 76-8 74-8 72-8 70-8 68-8 84-4 73-4 72-0 70-8 60-8 62-8 61-2 88-8 90-8 Feet. 2-42 2-52 2-62 2-67 3-04 305 3-77 3-57 3-55 3-07 2-72 2-42 2-72 2-67 3-07 2-67 2 -.37 1-79 1-97 1-87 (2) Sec.-ft. 84-8 88-8 92-8 194-8 110-0 110-0 139-0 131-0 1.30-0 111-0 96-8 84-8 96-8 94-8 111-0 94-8 82-8 61-6 66-8 63-8 Feet. 1-23 1-70 1-98 1-58 1-25 1-25 1-26 1-24 1-33 1-35 1-35 1-32 1-33 1-34 1-35 1-41 1-41 1-42 1-38 1-35 1-31 1-28 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-34 1-34 1-32 1-33 Sec.-ft. 42-6 135-0 261-0 102-0 45-0 45-0 45-2 43-8 55-2 58-0 58-0 53-8 .55-2 56-6 58-0 67-8 67-8 69-6 62-8 58-0 52-4 48-6 58-0 58-0 58-0 58-0 56-6 56-6 58-8 55-2 Feet. 1-37 1-39 1-43 1-45 1-55 1-55 1-62 1-82 1-90 1-29 1-96 1-99 2-10 2-22 2-28 2-36 2-28 2-20 2-25 2-07 2-10 213 2-12 2-15 2-20 2-25 2-33 2-28 2-20 2-10 1-98 Sec.-ft. 61-2 64-4 71-4 75-0 95-0 95-0 111-6 181-2 220-0 230-0 250-0 267-0 235-0 421-0 467-0 532-0 467-0 405-0 444-0 316-0 335-0 3.55-0 349-0 369-0 405-0 444-0 508-0 467-0 405-0 335-0 261-0 Feet. (3) 1-45 1-45 1-43 (3) 1-10 1-24 2-00 1-20 1-55 1-75 1-90 2-20 2-65 2-47 3-15 3-33 3-35 3-31 3-29 3-25 3-25 3-22 3-20 3-15 3-10 3-00 2-00 (4) Sec.-ft. Nil. 2 75-0 3 75-0 4 71-4 5 Nil. 6 29-0 7 (5) 5-21 5-42 5-45 5-45 5-42 4-77 4-47 4-27 3-87 3-62 3-72 3-77 4-37 5-01 5-32 5-35 5-17 3-67 3-62 3-47 3-27 3-11 2-92 2-87 i96-o' 205-0 206-0 206-0 205-0 179-0 167-0 159-0 143-0 133-0 137 0 139 0 163-0 188-0 201-0 202-0 195 0 135-0 133-0 127-0 119-0 112-0 105-0 103-0 43-8 8 272-0 9.... 10 39-0 95-0 11 152 0 12 ............ 220-0 13 405-0 14 792-0 15 626-0 16 1287-0 17 1478-0 18 1500 0 19 1456-0 20 21 1434-0 1390-0 22 1390-0 23 1359-0 24 1338-0 25 1287-0 26 ■ • 1230-0 27 1-36 2-05 1-53 1-48 1-35 59-6 303-0 91-0 81-0 58-0 1135-0 28 272-0 29 30 CI) — Ice flooded. (2) — Rod carried out liy ice. (3) — Dam closed. — River dry. (4j— River practically dry. (5) — Extreme fluctuations caused by dam above station. BOW RITER POWER AXD STORAGE 227 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Cascade River at Bankhead, for 1912. — Concluded. D.4Y. Ju y. Aug ust. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Heigh t Dis- charge Gau;e Height. Dis- charge Gau?e Height. Dis- charge . S3C.-fl, 308 308 338 338 314 314 SOS 338 332 302 292 237 267 215 240 232 236 2.53 258 262 258 258 253 253 253 253 253 2.53 253 314 362 Gau?e Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. t 1-15 3-15 3-25 2-75 3-35 3-22 3-12 3-08 3-09 0-84' 0-72 Sec.-ft. 15-00 14-80 14-«0 14-80 14-70 14-60 34- 1,287 1,390 888 1,500 1,359 1,256 1,216 1,205 17-0 16-44 16-32 16-12 16-00 15-93 15-90 15-80 15-70 15-63 15-60 15-45 15-40 15-38 15-39 8-50 Feat. 0-78 0-79 0-75 0-77 0-78 0-78 0-75 0-78 1-65 2-03 2-OS 2-06 2-20 2-50 2-55 2-93 ♦2-97 3-47 3-55 3-55 3-53 3-53 3-50 3-42 3-44 3-54 3-73 *3-65 3-55 3-50 2-15 Sec.-ft. 13 14 10 12 13 10 10 13 120 291 322 309 405 654 700 1,065 ■ 1,105 1,695 1,650 1,625 1,.563 1,525 1,450 1,330 1,325 1,395 1,570 1,443 1,336 1,285 174 Feet. 2-15 2-15 2-14 2-13 2-15 2-15 '"3;35' 3-28 2-02 2-10 2-22 2-48 2-50 2-63 2-62 2-65 1-30 1-35 2-45 2-37 2-43 2-45 2-46 2-45 2-46 2-45 2-46 2-46 Sec.-ft. 174 174 171 168 174 174 Nil. Nil. 1,132 1,061 135 157 201 320 332 398 414 437 29 32 302 262 292 302 308 302 308 302 303 308 Feet. 2-46 2-46 2-46 2-46 2-47 2-47 2-46 2-46 2-45 2-45 2-43 2-42 2-38 2-33 2-32 2-30 2-31 2 -.35 2-36 2-37 2-36 2-36 2-35 2-35 2-35 2-35 2-35 2-35 2-35 2-47 2-55 Feet. 2-65 2-66 2-64 2-45 2-25 2-28 2-25 2-25 2-28 2-27 2-27 2-27 2-28 2-11 2-07 212 2-30 2-70 1-95 1-93 1-93 1-90 1-95 1-97 2-30 2-95 2-95 2-95 2-66 2-62 Sec.-ft. 437 445 429 302 212 221 212 212 224 220 220 220 224 160 149 164 232 479 117 113 107 107 117 122 232 724 724 724 445 414 Feet. 2-60 2-53 2-49 2-45 2-30 2-15 2-20 2-18 2-17 2-15 2-75 2-63 2-58 2-50 2-45 2-42 2-45 2-70 2-68 2-64 2-60 2-55 2-50 2-43 2-75 2-40 2-35 2-31 2-25 2-27 2-25 Sec.-ft. 398 2 350 3 326 4 302 5 232 6 174 7 193 8 186 9 182 10 174 11 522 12 39. S 13 384 14 332 15 302 16 286 17 302 18 479 19 461 20 429 21 3 98 22 23 362 332 24 292 522 27 276 253 28 29 236 212 221) 31 212 * Changing conditions from Aug. 17 to Aug. 28. t Gauge not read. Di.scharge estimated. ? Irregularities in July Discharge duo to operation of dam above. ^Monthly Discharge of Cascade River at Bankhcad, for 1912. (Drainage area, 248 square miles.) Mo.NTH. DlSCH.^RGE I.V SecOND-FeET. Run-Off. Maximum. .Minimum. Per Square Mile. Depth in inches Drainage Area. Total Januarv (1-4, 8-31) 206-0 119-0 303-0 261-0 532-0 1,500-0 1,500-0 1,695-0 437 0 1,. 362-0 724-0 522-0 70-8 60-8 58 0 42-6 62-1 Nil. 8-5 10-0 Nil. 2.32-0 107-0 740 148-7 85-2 101-6 66-6 .301-4 648-4 337-8 788-0 289-2 278 0 290-4 313-8 0-61 0-34 0-41 0-27 1-22 2-61 1-36 3-18 1-17 1-12 117 1-27 0-62 .0-37 0-38 0-30 1-41 2-91 1-57 3-67 1-31 1-29 1-31 1-46 8.2.58 4,901 March (1-21, 27-31) 5.03S 3.963 Mav 18,. 532 .38.. 583 Julv 23.767 48,452 17.239 17,094 17,280 19,295 16-63 219,372 228 DEPARTMEyT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Devil's Creek, near Bankhead, in 1910. Date. 1 Hydrographer. Width. j Area of 1 section. JMean velocity. ^ Gauge height. Discharge June 1910. 4 18 18 10 1 23 18 7 3 28 J C Keith Feet. 23 25 24 25 24 24 24 24 24 24 Sq. ft. 35-25 44-10 33-26 ' 41-16 1 29-30 31-60 ' 30-75 26-92 25-80 27-12 Ft. per sec. 3-65 4-25 3-43 3-93 2-77 3-034 2-78 2-579 2-403 2-179 Feet. Sec .-ft. 128-65 do 1-96 1-73 1-86 1-58 1-63 1-52 1-42 1-34 116 187-23 July Aug. Sept. 1 do - 113-96 do 161-92 ' ■ ■ 1 do 84-89 do 95-90 Oct. Nov. Dec. . . . j H. R. Carscallen do 85-54 69-53 ■ ■ ■ ! do 61-99 do 59-10 D\iLY Gauge Height AND Discharge of Devil's Creek, near Bankhead, for 1910. June. D.\y. July. August. September. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge . j Height . Dis- charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 1-90 1-89 1-84 1-85 1-85 Sec.-ft. 163 160 143 146 146 Feet. 1-57 1-57 1-57 1-56 1-65 Sec.-ft. 87-3 87-3 87-3 85-9 Feet. 1-58 1-56 1-56 1-56 Sec.-ft. 88-7 2 1 85-9 3 i 85-9 4 85-9 6 99-5 1-59 90-1 11.. 12.. 13.. 14.. 15.. 16.. 17.. 18., 19., 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 1-95 2-00 202 2-00 1-97 1-96 1-96 1-94 1-95 1-95 1-94 1-92 183 204 213 204 191 187 187 179 183 183 179 171 1-80 1-78 1-78 1-78 1-78 1-76 1-76 I 1-75 1-74 1-72 1-72 1 1-72 1-70 i 1-69 1-69 1-68 1-65 1-64 1-62 1-59 1-59 1-59 1-59 1-59 1-59 1-59 131 126 126 126 126 121 121 118-5 116-4 112-2 112-2 112-2 108 106-3 106-3 104-6 99-5 97-9 94-7 90- 1 90-1 90-1 90-1 90-1 93- 1 90-1 1-81 1-86 1-86 1-87 1-86 1-85 1-84 1-81 I 1-81 I 1-80 I 1-81 1-81 1-76 1-73 1-71 1-69 1-66 1-68 1-65 1-64 1-62 1-60 1-58 1-58 1-60 1-60 134 149 149 153 149 146 143 134 134 131 1-60 1-60 1-62 1-60 1-58 1-59 1-58 1-58 1-57 1-57 90-1 88-7 88-7 87-3 87-3 134 1-56 85-9 134 1-56 85-9 121 1-59 1 90-1 114-3 1-62 1 94-7 110-1 1-64 97-9 106-3 1-64 i 97-9 101-2 1-64 97-9 104-6 1-64 97-9 99-5 1-64 97-9 97-9 1-62 94-7 94-7 1-60 91-5 91-5 1-60 91-5 88-7 1-63 96-3 88-7 1-58 : 88-7 91-5 1-55 ! 84-5 91-5 !' BOW RIVER POWER A^D STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 229 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Devil's Creek, near Bankhead, for 1910. — Continued. Day. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge Dis- charge! Height, charge. Gauge ' Dis- Height. charge. Feet. I Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec. -ft. Feet. 5 1-37 0 1-37 ,t 1-35 n 1-36 ( 1-35 5 1-35 5 1-33 5 1-30 5 1-30 0 1-30 5 Sec.-ft. 56-4 59-8 58 54 53 54 53 50 60-7 54 49 46 44 50 54 49 51 52 51 54 Ice conditions from Dec. 16th to Dec. 31st. MoxTHLv D[sch.\H(;e of Devil's Creek, near Bankheai,!, for 1910. (Drainage area. 58 square miles.) DlSCH.\RGE IN Secoxd-Feet. Run- -Off. .Mo.NTII. Maximum. Minimum. .Mean. Per SQuaro mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. June (19-30) 213 163 153 97-9 88-7 67-5 61 171 90- 1 87-3 84-5 64-5 58-0 44. 88-7 114-7 1141 90-66 77 03 63-63 53-64 3-26 1 1-98 1-96 1-56 1-33 1-09 •925 1-45 2-28 2-26 1-74 1-53 1-22 1-06 4,490 July 7,0,52 7,017 5,394 October 4.736 3.786 December 3.298 35.773 230 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Devil's Creek, near Bankhead, Alta., in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Jan 27 — H. R. Carscallen ^ do Feet. 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 24 24 24 22 20-5 Sq. ft. 26-9 24-4 22-2 19-4 20-1 22-2 35-8 550 49-4 50-4 46-6 46-5 40-1 33-4 30-8 28-6 20-4 21-9 Ft. per sec. 2-41 1-59 1-85 1-76 1-93 2-10 3-15 4-33 413 4-20 3-84 3-64 3-05 2-78 2-38 2-37 1-76 1-77 Feet. Ml 1-07 1-01 0-94 1-03 115 1-53 1-96 1-87 1-88 1-79 1-78 1-56 1-42 1-26 1-26 1-22 1-27 Sec.-ft. 64-9 Feb 14 38-8 Mar 7 do 41-0 Mar 24 do 34-2 A.pr 26 H. C. Ritchie 38-9 Mav 10 do 46-5 B. Russell 112-9 do 238-4 July 15 do 204-0 \ug 16 H. Brown 211-8 do 179-0 do 171-1 V.A. Newhall 122-1 do 92-9 Nov '3 do 73-3 Dec 8 do 67-7 Dec 22 do 36-0 Dec ''7 do 38-8 D^iLY Gauge Height and Discharge of Devil's Creek, near Bankhead, for 1911. D.\Y. January. February. March. Ap ril. May. June. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge 1 Height . ! Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 1-02 0-96 0-91 0-88 0-88 0-91 0-93 0-92 0-91 0-97 1-01 106 1-09 1-08 MO Ml Ml 1-10 110 M2 116 M8 117 1-17 110 MO 1-12 1-20 115 1-15 1-13 Sec.-ft. 49 45 42 40 40 42 44 44 43 47 50 55 58 ■ 57 59 61 61 60 60 62 67 69 68 68 62 63 65 72 65 64 61 Feet. 1-13 1-13 1-12 110 Ml 1-12 110 Ml 1-12 1-08 1-08 106 1-08 1-07 108 1-07 1-07 1-08 1-08 1-08 1-06 109 1-08 1-07 1-09 1-07 MO 1-07 Sec.-ft. 60 56 56 53 53 53 50 49 49 44 43 41 40 39 40 39 40 40 41 41 40 42 41 42 43 42 44 43 Feet. 1-09 1-06 1-07 1-05 1-16 1-02 1-03 1-05 1-05 1-00 100 1-00 1-00 102 1-00 1-00 0-96 0-95 1-00 0-96 0-96 0-95 0-97 1-00 10,) 0-90 0-60 0-50 0-80 1-00 1-02 Sec.-ft. 44 43 43 43 44 41 42 43 43 39 39 39 39 40 39 39 37 36 38 36 36 35 36 37 37 32 21 19 28 37 38 Feet. 1-02 1-02 1-01 1-02 103 1-02 1-01 100 1-01 101 101 101 1-01 1-01 1-00 0-80 0-90 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-01 1-00 100 1-02 105 1-04 105 1-05 Sec.-ft. 38 38 38 38 39 38 38 37 38 38 38 38 38 38 37 28 32 37 37 37 37 37 38 37 37 38 40 39 40 40 Feet. 1-06 1-06 1-07 107 1-07 1-10 110 Ml 1-09 MO 112 114 1-18 1-20 1-20 1-23 1-24 1-23 1-25 1-24 1-24 1-25 1-33 1-32 1-33 1-34 1-33 1-34 1-30 1-33 1-39 Sec.-ft. 41 ■ 41 41 41 41 43 43 44 42 43 47 49 52 55 56 59 61 61 65 65 66 6? 76 76 78 80 80 81 77 81 89 Feet. 1-45 1-54 1-66 1-66 1-67 1-68 1-70 1-68 1-66 1-68 1-71 1-77 1-86 1-92 1-96 1-99 1-99 1-99 2-01 1-99 1-98 1-97 1-97 2-06 2-07 2-06 2-06 2-08 2-08 209 Sec.-ft. 98 2 116 3 144 4 144 146 6 149 7 154 8 149 9 144 10 149 11 157 12 174 13 201 14 223 15 238 16 251 17 251 18 251 19 259 20 251 21 247 22 247 23 242 24 281 25 286 26 281 27 281 28 290 29 290 30 • 295 31 BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 231 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Devil's Creek, near Bankhead. for 1911. — Continued. Day. Jul V. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height.} Dis- charge. ■ Gauge ( Height. 1 Di.s- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 2-02 2-00 2-01 1-99 1-99 1-98 1-98 1-97 1-93 1-91 1-89 1-88 1-88 1-87 1-85 1-83 1-83 1-83 1-82 1-79 1-79 1-79 1-78 1-78 1-77 1-73 1-71 1-71 1-69 1-69 1-68 Sec.-ft. 264 255 259 251 251 247 247 242 226 219 211 208 208 204 197 191 191 191 188 179 179 179 176 176 174 162 157 157 151 151 149 Feet. 1-70 1-72 1-75 1-78 1-79 1-83 1-88 1-90 1-92 1-93 1-90 1-88 190 1-89 1-91 1-89 1-87 1-88 1-89 1-88 1-87 1-89 1-86 1-84 1-88 1-89 1-87 1-85 1-80 1-79 1-78 Sec.-ft. 154 160 168 176 179 191 208 215 223 226 215 208 215 211 219 211 204 208 211 208 204 211 201 194 208 211 204 197 182 179 176 Feet. 1-79 1-77 1-80 1-88 1-90 1-89 1-88 1-88 1-88 186 1-86 1-85 1-81 1-80 1-80 1-78 1-78 1-78 1-78 1-78 1-78 1-77 1-77 1-73 1 • 70 1-69 1-69 1-68 1-66 1-67 Sec.-ft. 179 174 182 208 215 211 208 208 208 201 201 197 185 182 182 176 176 176 176 176 176 174 174 162 1.54 151 151 149 144 146 Feet. 1-68 1-68 1-66 1-65 1-61 1-61 1-61 1-60 1-60 1-61 1-59 1-59 1-59 1-57 1-55 1-.56 1-54 1-55 1-55 1-54 1-53 1-54 1-54 1-52 1-.52 1-.50 1-50 1-47 1-47 1-47 1-47 Sec.-ft. 149 149 144 141 131 131 131 129 129 131 127 127 127 122 118 120 116 118 118 116 114 lUi 116 112 112 108 108 102 102 102 102 Feet. 1.47 1-46 1-45 1-46 1-46 1-45 1-45 1-47 1-47 1-45 142 1-40 1-.39 1-40 1-35 1-37 1-36 1-39 1-39 tl-39 1-36 1-35 1-30 1-33 1-33 1-36 1-.38 1-37 1-38 1-29 Sec.-ft. 102 100 98 100 100 98 98 102 102 98 93 90 89 90 83 86 84 89 89 89 84 83 77 81 81 84 86 84 85 74 Feet. 1-31 1-33 1-33 1-29 1-31 1-21 1-34 1-28 1-29 1-26 1-25 1-29 1-22 1-25 1-11 1-25 1-22 1-21 1-22 1-10 1-08 1-22 1-22 1-28 1-28 1-28 1-27 1-22 1-21 1-21 tl-21 Sec.-ft. 76 2 78 3 4 78 73 5 74 6 64 76 8 69 9 69 10 64 11 61 12 63 13 54 14 54 15 42 16 50 17 46 18 43 19 42 20 34 21 31 22 36 23 36 24 . 40 25 40 26 40 27 39 28 36 29 36 30 36 31 36 t Xo observation, gauge height interpolated. ^Monthly Discharge of Devil's Creek, near Bankheatl, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 58 square miles.) D ISCH.\BGE IN Second-Feet. Hl'N -Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 72 60 44 40 89 295 264 226 215 149 102 78 40 39 19 28 41 98 149 1.54 144 102 74 31 .56-2 45-2 37-5 37-4 .59-4 213 201 199 180 122 90-0 .52-1 0-969 0-779 0-647 0-645 1-024 3-672 3-466 3-431 3 103 2-103 1-551 0-898 112 0-81 0-75 0-72 1-18 4-10 4-00 3-96 3-46 2-42 1-73 104 3,456 2.510 2 306 April 2.226 Mav 3,652 12,674 Julv 12,359 12,236 September 1II.711 7, 'Ml 5,3,55 3.204 25-29 78 190 232 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTElilOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Kananaskis River, near Kananaskis, Alta., for 1911. Feb. 11 I H. R. Carscallen. Mar. 4 | do Mar. 22 do Sept. 6 H. Brown Sept. 16 1 do Oct. 13 V. A. Newhall.... Nov. 29 do Dec. 11 do set. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. 35 66-8 ! 1-97 32 58-4 1-87 32 56-1 2-19 63-5 178-6 5-68 62-1 143-5 5-04 60-5 101-3 3-77 55 74-0 2-88 59 90-7 2-38 Feet. Sec.-ft. 131-7 109-4 122-8 7-03 1,014-7 6-46 724-0 5-76 371-9 5-62 212-1 5-62 215-9 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Kananaskis River, near Kananaskis. Alta.- for 1911. D.\Y. September. October. November. Gauge Dis- Gauge ( Dis- j Gauge I Dis- Height. charge . I Height . I charge. Height, charge. December. Gauge I Dis- Height.l charge. 16.. 17., 18.. 19., 20., 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Feet. Sec.-ft. 6-73 6-72 6-74 7-34 7- 10 7-00 6-88 6-76 6-71 6-63 6-61 6-58 6-54 6-53 6-48 6-43 6-36 6-30 6-30 6-23 615 617 612 6-08 6-05 5-90 3-88 861 855 865 1,168 1,047 996 936 875 850 809 799 784 764 759 733 708 673 642 642 607 566 577 551 531 516 ■ll'l 430 Feet. 5-83 5-85 5-81 5-80 5-76 5-75 5-71 5-69 5-70 5-68 5-67 5-66 5-65 5-66 5-64 5-63 5-64 5-62 5-61 5-59 5-58 5-57 5-56 5-55 5-54 5-52 5-51 5-45 5-44 5-43 5-40 Sec.-ft. ' Feet. I Sec.-ft. 404 415 394 389 369 364 344 334 339 329 324 318 313 318 308 303 308 298 293 283 278 273 268 263 258 248 243 212 207 202 187 5-37 5-40 5-38 5-35 5-34 5-36 5-38 5-30 172 187 177 162 157 167 i 177 ' 136 Feet. Sec.-ft. 316 515 5-14 5-15 516 513 5-12 5-25 5-25 5-25 111 HI 111 3- 10 511 3-25 3-35 5-33 3-33 5-31 3-30 5-29 5-28 3-26 3-20 3-20 3-18 517 3- 15 514 5-24 5-27 5-28 Note. — Stream frozen over on Nov. 12, observer did not read the gauge from Nov. 12 to 24, Nov. 29 to Dec. 1, and Dec. 11 to 15. The gauge height readings from Nov. 25 to end of year are of little value. It was difficult to read the gauge and the observer did not cut a large enough hole. His readings do not agree with those of the hydrographer. .\s the observer was away from home at the time of the visit of the hydrographer it was not until after the end of the year that he was shown the correct method of making observations. BOW RITER POWER AXD STORAGE 233 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Monthly Discharge of Kananaski.^ River, near Kananaskis, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 406 square miles.) Month. DiscH.\RGE IK Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches Total on in Drainage acre-feet, area. September 1,168 430 715 1-761 October 415 187 30<) 0-739 November (1-11) 187 ] 111 152 0-374 ill The period ' I 1-96 0-85 0-15 42,545 18,446 3,316 Discharge Measurements of Kananaskis River, near Kananaskis, in 1912. Date. Hydro grapher. Jan. 3 V. A. Newhall Jan. 20 do Feb. 1 ' do Feb. 13 ' do Feb. 21 i do Mar. 1 do Mar. 12 ' H. C. Ritchie Mar. 21 do April 3 do April 16 do April 30 do May 14 ■ do May 27 ' do June 12 do June 26 do July 10 1 do July 25 j do Aug. 7 do Aug. 21 do Sept. 6 1 do Sept. 25 ; do Oct. 8 i do Oct. 22 do Nov. 5 do Nov. 19 1 do Dec. 4 1 do Dec. 17 : do Width. Area Mean of Section. Velocity. Feet. Sq. ft. •0 160 •0 43- •0 70- •0 60- •0 64- •0 58- •0 69- •0 ,58- •0 64- •0 64- •0 108- •0 151- •0 141- •0 271- •0 321- ■0 245- ■5 205- ■0 204- • 1 144- ■0 lie- •0 ge- •0 96- •0 84- ■5 82- •0 130- •0 121- Ft. per sec. Gauge Height Feet. Discharge. Sec.-ft. 3-1 0-98 8-34 141-15 25 2-88 5-98 124-70 80 2-26 6-23 160-20 50 2-24 6-35 135-80 ■50 219 6-52 141-15 50 1-79 6-04 104-68 00 1-87 6-47 128-00 Slush ice to bott om. 40 2-20 5-10 128-71 50 2-20 5-08 143-44 38 2-29 512 147-89 70 4-02 5-98 427-23 93 5-68 e-75 863-33 55 5-47 6-62 774-09 86 611 8-37 1,661-56 30 8-43 8-92 2,707-95 40 7-14 7-87 1.715-28 35 6-39 7-10 1,312-59 70 5-89 7-20 1,205-00 40 5-11 6-34 738-30 00 4-80 6-05 558-00 80 3-77 5-60 365-00 20 4-07 5-49 391-50 70 3-55 5-24 301-00 53 3-48 516 287-00 00 2-30 5-94 299-14 00 1-58 5-90 190-40 234 DEPARTMEST OF THE IXrElilOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Kananaskis River, near Kananaskis, for 1912. Dav. January. Gauge Height. Dis- charge February. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. March. April. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge. Gauge Dis- Height charge . June. Gauge Dis- Height . charge . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feet. 7- 7- 7- 6-20 ■00 138^ ■30 141^ ■50 144 ■ ■80 160 ■ ■ 30 154 ■ ■30 154^ ■30 154 ■ •80 148 ■ ■30 141 ■ ■40 143 ■ ■50 144^ ■50 144 ■ ■30 141 ■ ■20 140 ■ ■10 139^ ■50 131- ■40 130^ ■30 129^ ■00 125^ ■98 125 ■ ■95 124^ ■93 124^ ■90 124^ ■87 123- ■85 123- ■85 123^ ■83 123^ ■83 123^ ■80 123^ •00 125 ■ Sec.-ft. 128^00 Feet. Sec.-ft. 650 13b 75 653 132^ 13 6-50 13b 75 6-53 132^ 13 6-52 132^00 6^50 13b 75 6^49 13163 6^47 13137 6^20 128^00 6^10 126^ 75 545 11862 5-43 118^38 6^35 12963 634 129^75 629 129^ 13 6^27 128^87 6^28 129^00 6^29 129^13 6^28 129^00 629 129^ 13 6^26 128^75 6^22 128^25 6^24 128^50 6^23 128^37 6^25 128^63 623 128^37 623 128^37 6^21 128^ 12 618 127-75 6- 502 Sec.-ft. 127^63 127^.50 127^25 126^50 126-75 126-63 126^13 125^88 126^00 127^75 128 63 131 63 131 75 131 63 13b 75 132^ 13 130^ 13 130^25 130 13 1.30 37 130 25 130 ■SO 130^37 130^50 130^50 130^87 13b 13 130 ■ 87 130 ■ 87 131-13 11325 Feet. Sec.-ft. 120^00 124^80 112^80 11520 115^20 108-00 120-00 127-20 122^40 122^40 127^20 124^80 129^6 127^20 129^60 134^40 127^20 132 00 120^00 122^40 134 40 132-00 129-60 134-40 144-00 146-60 141-60 134-40 141-60 149-20 Feet. 6-52 Sec.-ft. 154-40 157-00 157-00 159-60 162-20 167-40 173-00 230-00 292-80 120-00 260-60 257-20 314-40 455-20 642-00 842-00 647-20 670-20 696-00 626-40 584-80 .538-00 564-00 590-00 616-00 746-40 866-00 819-20 780-00 752-00 735 20 Feet. Sec.-ft. 6^32 626 40 6^22 574^40 6^17 548^40 6^14 532 80 6^08 502-40 6^03 478-40 6-09 507-20 6- 18 553-60 6-47 707^20 6-56 757 ■ 60 6-62 79b 20 6-76 872^00 6-99 101 ■OO 710 1,080^00 7^97 1,740^00 921 2,877-20 935 3,006-00 9^15 2,822-00 9 12 2,794-40 9 04 2,720-80 8^78 2,481-60 873 2,435-60 8^54 2,260-80 8^48 2,205^60 8^44 2,16880 8^40 2,13200 830 2,048-00 815 1,920-00 801 1,800-00 8^78 2,520-00 BOW RITER POWEB AXD STORAGE 235 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height axd Discharge of Kananaskis River, near KananaskLs, for 1912. — Concluded. Julv. August. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge. September. Gauge I Dis- Height . ] charge October. Gauge Dis- Height . charge . November. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. December. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Feet. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1.5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 29 30 31 Sec.-ft. *1,488 1.464 3.210 1,360 1,320 1,408 1,608 2,520 2,632 *2,6S8 2,680 2,495 2,504 2,890 2,614 2,311 2,320 1.744 1,525 1,503 3.2.58 3.001 1.33t 1,488 1,728 1,680 1,624 1,496 1.392 1..327 1,262 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1,248 1.228 1.202 1,215 1,277 1,228 1,169 1,137 1 , 105 1,052 1,150 1,137 1,065 1,014 1,033 1,052 1.292 1,334 1,356 1,277 1,248 1,235 1,215 1,248 1,563 1,860 3,115 3,222 3.093 1,195 1,572 Feet. Sec.-ft. 818 722 684 728 734 695 700 711 700 711 728 756 745 717 706 679 643 643 588 548 538 553 583 608 663 476 449 435 424 Feet. 5-67 5-63 5-60 5-63 5-66 5-62 5-60 5-59 5-61 5-57 5-63 5-62 5-57 5-56 5 -.53 5-54 5 -.58 5-57 5-55 5 • 56 5-54 5-49 5-48 5-46 5-45 5-44 5-42 5-44 5-44 5-38 5-29 Sec.-ft. 414 402 392 402 411 398 392 389 395 384 392 398 384 381 372 375 386 384 378 381 375 362 359 3.54 352 350 345 350 350 335 314 Feet. 5-28 5-27 5-29 5-27 5-24 5-23 5-23 5-21 5-23 5-22 5-20 5-23 5-21 519 5- 16 5-09 5-10 5-17 5- 16 512 5- 13 5-10 5-09 5-11 5 06 5-05 5- 10 5-08 5-20 5-30 Sec.-ft. 311 309 314 309 302 299 299 294 299 297 292 299 294 290 284 270 272 286 284 256 244 216 200 192 156 144 144 120 136 1.52 Feet. 7-10 Sec.-ft. 148 176 298 296 440 436 204 176 272 120 72 88 136 148 208 192 190 188 193 192 178 198 191 196 216 200 208 224 232 * Shifting condition.s July 1 to July 10. t Gauge height.s interpolated. !\IoxTHLY Discharge of Kananaskis River, near Kananaskis, for 1912. (Drainage area, 406 square miles.) DlSCH.\RGE IX Secosd-Feet. Run -Off. MO.VTH. Ma.\imum. Minimum. Mean. Per .Square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet . 160 132 132 149 866 3,006 3,258 3,222 898 414 314 440 123 118 113 108 120 478 1,262 1.014 424 314 120 72 136 129 129 128 477 l.,582 1,996 1,424 653 376 252 204 0-33 0-32 0-32 0-32 117 3-90 4-91 3-51 1-61 0-926 0-621 0-.5n2 0-38 0-34 0-37 0-36 1-35 4-35 5-66 4-05 1-80 1-07 0-69 0..5S 8,332 February 7.409 7,926 .\pril 7.635 Mav 29.305 94,138 Julv 122,729 August 87,558 September 38,856 23,119 November 14,995 12,543 The vear J I '"• 4.54,545 236 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Bow River, near Morley, in 1910. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Mean velocity. Gauge height. Discharge. May 26 June 21 July 14 Aug. 9 Aug. 30 •Sept.21 tSept.21 Oct. 17 Nov. 4 Nov. 30 Dec. 22 J. G. Keith do do do do do do H. R. Carscallen do do do Feet. 222-7 235-7 217-7 207-4 182-2 182-2 182-2 179-5 175-5 155-5 154-0 Sq. ft. 1.466-59 1,610-50 1,422-58 1,207-23 933-94 926-86 926-86 903-80 799-30 733-35 463-81 Ft. per sec. 6-44 7-49 5-96 4-96 3-26 3-22 3-23 3-06 2-29 1-61 1-83 Feet. 4-90 5-55 4-74 3-80 2-37 2-38 2-38 2-30 1-63 1-22 116 Sec.-ft. 9,443-54 12,066-97 8,476-01 5,990-30 3,047-86 2,987-93 2,989-38 2,767-68 1,829-87 1,177-06 847-19 * One point method used. t Two point method used. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River, near Morley, for 1910 May. June. July. August. Gauge ] Dis- , Gauge Height, charge. I Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- ! Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. 4-6 51 515 4-8 4-4 4-2 4-0 8,350 10,240 10,440 9,070 7,660 7,050 6,500 Feet. 4-15 4-4 4-25 4-05 3-85 4-0 4-45 4-55 4-4 4-4 4-8 5-65 5-7 5-2 5-05 5-35 5-5 5-8 5-35 5-35 5-7 5-4 5-0 4-65 4-45 4-7 5-0 5-25 5-25 5-0 Sec.-ft. 6-910 7.660 7,195 6,635 6.115 6,500 7,830 8,175 7,660 7,660 9,070 12,475 12,680 10,640 10,040 11,245 11,860 13,090 11,245 11,245 12,680 11,450 9,840 8.525 7,830 8,700 9,840 10,840 10,840 9,840 Feet. Sec.-ft. 4-85 4-9 4-6 4-55 4-5 4-5 4-45 4-5 4-55 4-45 4-45 4-55 4-7 4-85 4-85 4-2 3-9 3-95 3-8 3-7 3-8 3-77 3-8 9.255 9,440 8,350 8,175 8,000 8,000 I 7.830 i 8,000 ' 8,175 7,830 7,830 I 8,175 8,700 9,255 9,255 9,640 I 9,070 9,440 8,885 ' 8,175 . 7,830 I 7,660 7,340 7,050 6,240 6.370 5.990 I 5.760 5,990 1 5,921 j Feet. 3-45 3-4 3-3 3-25 3-55 4-0 4-05 4-0 3-85 3-85 3-75 3-75 3-7 3-65 3-6 3-5 3-35 3-25 3-2 3-1 3-1 3-05 3-0 2-95 2-75 2-65 2-55 2-55 2-45 2-38 Sec.-ft. 5.185 5,070 4,850 4,740 5,415 6,500 6,635 6.500 6.115 6,115 5,875 5,875 5,760 5,645 5,530 5,300 4,960 4,740 4,630 4,410 4,410 4,305 4,200 4,095 3,685 3,485 3,305 3,305 3,115 2,986 5,990 2-36 2,952 BOW RIYER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 237 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River, near Morley, for 1910.- Continued. Dat. September. October. Gauge I Dis- Height . I charge . Gauge Dis- Height . charge . November. December. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Feet. 2-33 2-28 218 2-27 2-35 Sec.-ft. 2,901 2,816 2,648 2,799 2,935 2-45 3,115 2.5 3,210 2-43 3,077 2-25 2,765 2-2 2,680 2. 23 2,731 2. 13 2,568 2-12 2,552 207 2,475 2-07 2,475 21 2,520 2-23 2,731 2. 25 2,765 2-3 2,850 2-35 2,935 2-33 2,901 2-4 3,020 2-44 3,096 2-33 2,901 2-4 3,020 2-37 2,969 2-25 2,765 2-15 2,600 211 2,536 206 2,460 'eet. Sec.-ft. 2-1 2,520 2-08 2,490 2-0 2,370 20 2,370 1-95 2,295 1-9 20 21 2 05 9.9 2-2 2-15 21 2.04 205 20 1-93 1-86 1-8 1-75 1-73 2,220 2,370 2.520 2,445 2,680 2-3 2,8.50 2-35 2,935 2-25 2,765 2-27 2,799 2- 15 2,600 2 15 2.600 2-3 2,850 2-38 2,986 2-32 2,884 2-24 2,748 2,680 2,600 2,520 2,430 2,445 2,370 2,265 2,160 2,070 2,000 1,972 Feet. 1-67 1-7 1-65 1-7 1-64 1-66 1-6- 1-5 1-53 1-55 1-52 1-53 1-45 1-5 1-45 1-4 1-34 1-25 1-37 1-37 1-36 1-33 1-34 1-45 10 1-0 1-0 103 115 1-23 Sec.-ft. 1,888 1,930 1,860 1,930 1,846 1.874 1,790 1,660 1,699 1,725 1,686 1,699 1,595 1,660 •1,595 *1,530 *1,440 *1,320 *1,470 *1,460 *1,440 *1,390 •1,400 •1,520 • 970 • 960 * 950 * 980 •1,100 •1,190 Feet. 1-2 1-4 1-38 1-28 1-47 1-49 1-55 1-46 1-45 1-53 1-5 1-25 1-45 1-4 1-25 1-23 1-27 1-3 1-2 1-2 1-19 115 1-25 1-25 1-3 1-47 1-6 1-55 1-7 2-35 2-25 Sec.-ft. •1,150 •1,380 •1,340 •1,210 •1,430 •1,440 •1,510 •1,380 *1,350 •1,440 •1.400 ♦1,080 *1,,300 •1,220 •1.030 •1,000 •1,020 •1,050 • 920 • 920 • 890 • 840 • 870 • 800 • 770 • 900 • 990 • 860 • 970 • 980 • 990 • Changing conditions due to ice: Nov. 15th to Dec. 31st. Monthly Discharge of Bow River, near Morley, for 1910. Drainage area, 2,099 square miles. Month. May (25-31). June July August September... October November. . December... The period.. DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Run-Off. 10,440 13,090 9,640 6,635 3,210 2,986 1,930 1,510 6,500 6,115 5,760 2,952 2,460 1,972 950 770 8,472-8 9,543-8 7,8.58-7 4,828-8 2,793-8 2,509-9 1,518-6 1,110-6 Depth Per I in inches square on mill- Drainage area. 4-03 4-54 3-74 2-30 1-33 1-20 -72 •53 1-04 5-06 4-31 2-65 1-48 1-38 •80 -61 Total in acre-feet. 117,639 567,894 483,211 297,916 166,244 154.324 90,366 68,287 1,945,881 25e— 17 233 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Bow River near Morley, Alta., in 1911. Date. Jan. 21 Feb. 10 Mar. 3 Mar. 21 Apr. 5 Apr. 25 Mav 9 May 30 June 14 July. 12 Aug. 14 Sept. 23 Oct. 12 Nov. 17 Nov. 27 Dec. 14 Hydrographer. H. R. Carscallen do do do H. C. Ritchie H. C. Ritchie ... do B. Russell do do H. Brown do V. A. Newhall... do do do Width Feet. 114 114 107 162.5 179 196.5 241.2 217.5 198.4 198 174.4 174.6 177.6 187.6 Area of Section. Sq.ft. 328.1 302.5 369.5 412.0 406.6 668.1 866.3 865.9 1,748 1,350 1,200 932.1 804.3 915.5 952.8 841.8 Mean Velocity. Ft. per sec. 2.06 2.22 1.66 1.77 1.80 1.41 2.53 2.74 7.07 5.71 4.94 2.95 2.26 1.50 0.85 1.30 Gauge Height. Discharge. Feet. Sec.-ft. 2.83 675. Of 2.95 671. 3t 2.85 613.. 5x 2.53 730. 6x 0.80 7.33.2? 0.89 941.6 1.85 2,190 2.04 2,377 6.08 12,375 4.42 7,702 3.69 5,930 2.26 2,746 1.73 1,821 3.50 1,374 * 3.24 807.2* 2.74 1.091** t Stream frozen over, conditions bad, results approximate. X .Stream frozen over. ? Stream partly frozen over, results may be slightly inaccurate. II May be .slight error due to inaccuracy of soundings. * Large amount of slush ice, results only approximate. **Large amount of slush ice. Compared with the records at Banff and Calgary the discharge appears to be too high. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River near Morley, Alta., for 1911. D.^y. January. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 1-85 2-30 12-40 12-45 12-50 2-60 12-60 2-60 2-15 1-95 2-15 2-25 2-45 2-50 2-70 2-75 2-95 2-95 2-80 2-85 2-80 2-85 2-80 2-70 2-70 2-60 2-55 2-65 2-75 2-70 2-75 Sec.-ft. ' 654 680 646 590 586 536 512 554 598 570 592 Feet. 2-75 2-75 2-80 2-75 2-85 2-85 2-90 2-85 2-90 2-90 2-95 3-00 2-95 2-90 2-85 2-75 2-80 2-85 2-80 2-80 2-75 2-85 2-85 2-83 2-85 2-80 2-85 2-80 Sec.-ft. 590 586 610 582 630 626 652 620 646 642 672 704 672 642 614 564 588 614 588 588 564 614 614 604 614 588 614 588 Feet. 2-85 2-85 2-83 2-75 2-80 2-75 2-85 2-80 2-80 2-70 2-65 2-60 2-60 2 -.55 2-65 2-60 2-60 2-63 2-60 2-56 2-55 2-50 2-47 2-30 2-25 2-15 2-07 1-05 0-85 0-80 0-76 Sec.-ft. 614 614 604 564 588 564 614 588 588 564 562 .560 580 576 652 648 672 720 724 726 746 790 856 814 862 878 904 920 766 732 708 Feet. 0-74 0-70 0-70 0-70 0-76 0-88 0-65 0-68 0-75 0-72 0-70 0-65 *0-35 0-65 0-70 0-68 0-70 0.74 0-70 0-75 0-80 •0-35 0-90 1-22 0-98 11-06 1-15 1-10 1-17 1-12 Sec.-ft. 694 670 670 670 708 808 674 708 768 768, 774 755 .340 755 790 776 790 822 790 830 870 340 950 1.262 1.022 1.100 1.190 1.140 1.210 1,160 Feet. 1-20 1-27 1-36 1-40 1-60 1-90 1-80 1-80 1-82 1-80 1-75 1-80 1-85 1-80 1-75 1-95 2-10 2-20 218 2-25 2-27 2-26 2-37 2-27 2-17 2-10 2-05 1-95 1-98 2-06 2-60 Sec.-ft. 1,240 1,317 1,422 1,470 1,720 2,160 2,010 2,010 2,040 2.010 1,935 2,010 2,085 2,010 1,935 2,240 2,480 2,640 2,608 2,725 2,759 2,742 2,943 2.759 2.592 2.480 2.400 2.240 2.288 2.416 3,400 Feet. 3-35 4-40 4-80 4-90 14-62 4-35 4-05 3-95 3-85 3-90 4-40 5-15 5-80 6-10 6-20 6-15 6-10 6-05 600 5-75 5-65 5-75 6-20 6-35 6-45 6-05 5-65 5-60 5-55 5-55 Sec.-ft . 5,040 2 7,700 3 8 740 4 9,000 5 8,272 6 7,570 7 6,790 8 6,530 9 6,275 10 6,400 11 7.700 12 9.690 13 11.550 14 12,460 15 12,770 16 12,615 17 12,460 18 12,305 19 12,150 20 11,405 21 11,115 22 11,405 23 12,770 24 13,235 25 13,545 26 27 12,305 11,115 28 10,970 29 10,825 30 10,825 31 BOW RIYEU POWER A^' D STOKAOE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 239 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River near Morle^', Alta., for 1911. — Continued. Day. July. Aug ust. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 5-50 5-55 5-40 5-20 t4-95 4-70 4-90 5-00 4-75 4-55 4-40 4-40 4-25 4-30 4-35 4-55 4-80 4-70 t4-47 4-25 4- IS 4-22 4-25 4-15 4-15 4-35 4 -.30 4-15 4-05 3-95 3-80 Sec.-ft . 10,680 10,825 10,390 9,830 9,135 8,480 9,000 9,270 8,610 8,090 7,700 7,700 7.310 7,440 7,570 8,090 8,740 8,480 7,882 7,310 7,128 7,232 7,310 7,050 7,050 7,570 7,440 7,050 6,790 6,530 6,150 Feet. 3-86 13-90 3-95 4-00 4-05 4-15 4-25 4-30 415 4-03 t3-91 3-80 3-70 3-65 3-60 3-60 t3-54 t3-47 3-40 3-43 3-45 3-40 3-35 t3-27 3-20 t3-50 3-80 3-05 3-03 2-93 t2-99 Sec.-ft . 6,300 6,400 6,530 6,660 6,790 7,050 7,310 7,440 7,050 6,738 6,426 6,150 5,900 5,775 5,650 5,650 5,500 5,328 5,160 5,232 5,280 5.160 5,040 4,851 4,690 5,400 6,150 4,345 4,299 4,076 4,208 Feet. t3-05 3-10 3-15 3-40 3-30 t3-21 3-12 3-00 2-95 3-20 2-75 2-75 2-70 2-70 2-65 2-60 2-55 2-, 50 2-45 2-35 2-30 2 -.30 2-27 2-18 2-15 2-10 2-05 2-00 2-00 1-95 Sec.-ft. 4,345 4,460 4,575 5,160 4,920 4,713 4,506 4,230 4,120 4,690 3,700 3,700 3,600 3,600 3,500 3,400 3,300 3,200 3,100 2,905 2,810 2,810 2,759 2,608 2,. 560 2,480 2,400 2,320 2,320 2,240 Feet. 1-95 1-97 1-95 1-90 1-85 1-80 1-70 1-78 1-70 1-56 1-65 1-70 tl-70 1-70 1-69 1-77 1-69 1-68 1-66 1-59 1-69 1-68 1-71 tl-70 1-69 1.59 1-48 tl-42 tl-36 1-30 1-39 Sec.-ft. 2,240 2,272 2,240 2,160 2,085 2,010 1,860 1,980 1.860 1,668 1.790 1,860 1,860 1,860 1,846 1,965 1,846 1,8.32 1,804 1,707 1,846 1,832 1,875 1,860 1,846 1,707 1,566 1,494 1,422 1,350 1,458 Feet. 1-48 tl-48 tl-48 1-48 1-35 1-61 1-45 1-53 i-73 3-05 303 3-24 3-28 3-25 t3-56 3-88 3-98 3-99 3-96 4-02 t3-83 t3-63 t3-44 3-24 3-07 3-13 3-07 Sec.-ft. 1,566 1,566 1,566 1,566 1,410 1,734 1,530 1,629 807 724 800 798 .... Feet. 3-30 3-26 3-31 3-19 3-26 3-14 3-03 3-10 3-31 3-03 2-82 2-85 2-75 2-74 2-73 2-74 2-68 2-27 2-32 2-74 2-69 2-63 2-73 2-76 2-62 2-69 2-74 2-72 2-69 2-68 2-74 Sec.-ft. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 '. 9 . . 10 11 12 13 14 . . . . 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 :::: 29 30 .... 31 .... During January. February, March and November. Daily discharge for these months are only approximate. t\o oh.servation. gauge height interpolated. •Negative gauge height. Low water caused by Calgary Power and Transmission Co. holding back the water. Note — Data insufficient to compute the daily discharge from Jan. 1 to 20, Nov. 9 to 26 and Dec. 1 to 31. Ice conditions Monthly Discharge of Bow River near Morley, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 2, 111 square miles.) Discharge in Second -Feet. Rcn-Off. Month. Maximum. .Minimum. Mean. Per s(|uare mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. January (21-31 ) 680 704 920 1,262 3.400 13,545 10,825 7,440 5,160 2,272 1,734 512 564 560 340 1,240 5,040 6, 150 4,076 2,240 1,350 724 593 615 687 827 2,229 10,184 8,0,59 5,759 3,. 501 1,840 1,308 0-281 0-291 0-325 0-392 1-06 4-82 3-82 2-73 1-66 0-872 0-620 0-11 0-30 0-37 0-44 1-22 5-38 4-40 3-15 1-85 1-00 0-28 12,938 34,155 March 42,242 April 49.210 May 137,058 605,990 Julv 495,529 August 354,108 208.. 324 October 113,140 November (1-8 27-30) 31,13,3: 18-50 2,083,827 2oE— 17i 240 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. ,915 Discharge Measurements of Bow River near Kananaskis, in 1912. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. *Feb ''9 V. A. Newhall H. C. Ritchie Feet. 270-00 255-00 272-00 338-00 346-50 349-00 367-00 403-00 402-00 422-00 416-00 412-00 406-5 409-00 399-00 397-00 381-00 372-00 359-00 373-00 319-00 180-00 Sq.ft. 302-25 267-00 244-55 271-25 287-90 300-50 423-70 783-55 731-00 1,042-98 1,033-85 986-40 827-48 980-20 698-60 606-00 556-00 488-00 412-00 422-7 500-00 555-4 Ft. per sec. 1-94 2-174 2-27 2-09 2-14 2-27 3-25 5-78 5-51 7-35 7-34 6-47 6-21 6-61 5-41 4-59 3-97 3-41 3-51 3-23 2-82 1-57 Feet. Sec.-ft. 587-18 *Mar 10 2-00 1-97 1-84 1-83 1-85 2-23 3-03 2-94 3-70 3-70 3-60 3-20 3-60 2-87 2-54 2-50 2-40 2-22 2-23 316 4-32 580-45 *Mar 20 do 555-30 *April 2 do 567-99 April 15 do 617-22 April 29 .... do 681-88 May 13 do 1,388-39 May 28 . . do 4,528-61 do 4,027-07 June 25 do 7,672-14 July 9 do 7,591-62 July 25 do 6,403-36 do 5,139-39 Aug 20 do 6,477-10 Sept 6 do 3,780-00 Sept. 24 H. R. Cram 2,784-00 Oct 9 do 2,207-00 Oct. 23 H. C. Ritchie 1,662-00 Nov. 6 do l,4i8-00 *Nov 19 do 1,366-70 "Dec 3 do 1,212-40 *Dec. 17 do 871-00 *Ice conditions. Note. — This station established in 1912 to replace the station at Morley. DviLY Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River, near Kananaskis, for 1912. Day. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 1-98 1-97 1-86 1-87 1-86 1-85 1-83 1-85 1-85 1-88 1-90 1-88 1-89 1-86 1-87 1-88 1-80 1-82 1-79 1-83 1-82 1-83 1-84 1-83 1-80 1-84 1-85 1-84 1-85 1-85 Sec.-ft. 578 577 650 665 650 635 605 635 635 680 710 680 695 650 665 680 560 590 546 605 590 605 620 605 560 620 635 620 635 635 Feet. 1-87 1-85 1-88 1-87 1-88 1-87 1-89 1-93 2-09 2-08 2-10 2-15 2-23 2-36 2-54 2-86 2-89 2-86 2-85 2-63 2-50 2-49 2-46 2-43 2-61 2-79 2-88 3-03 3-00 2-98 2-70 Sec.-ft. 665 635 680 695 680 665 695 764 1,097 1,074 1.120 1,255 1,474 1,862 2,464 3,700 3.820 3,700 3,660 2,794 2,320 2,287 2,188 2.089 2,718 3,420 3,780 4,389 4,260 4,180 3,060 Feet. 2-53 2-51 2-50 2-47 2-45 2-41 2-37 2-52 2-71 2-96 2-98 304 3-06 3-57 3-61 3-74 3-80 3-74 3-75 3-73 3-76 3-72 3-63 3-64 3-70 3-66 3-62 3-64 3-65 3-37 Sec.-ft. 2,428 2 2,356 3 2,320 4 2,221 5 2,155 6 2,023 7 1.894 8 2,392 9 3,100 10 200 1-99 1-98 1-92 1-85 1-78 1-97 1-95 1-96 1-99 1-97 1-97 1-94 1-95 1-92 1-90 1-89 1-88 1-87 2-20 2-10 2-10 580 579 578 572 575 586 577 575 576 579 577 577 574 575 572 570 571 572 573 640 600 600 4,100 11 4,180 12 4,432 13 4,518 14 6,927 15 7,131 16 7,794 17 8,100 18 7,794 19 7,845 20 7,743 21 7,896 22 7,692 23 7,233 24 7,284 25 7,590 26 7,386 27 7,182 28 7,284 29 7,335 30 5,919 31 BOJV RITER POWER AXD STORAGE 241 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Boav River, near Kananaskis, for 1912.— Concluded. Day. Ju y. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 3-26 3-17 3-09 3-06 3-04 305 3-42 3-56 3-70 3-72 3-69 3-67 3-74 3-84 3-66 3-62 3-54 3-43 3-48 3-37 . 3-31 3-06 3-12 3-37 3-64 3-72 3-37 3-25 3-18 319 3-16 Sec.-ft. 5,410 5.005 4,647 4,518 4,432 4,475 6,162 6,876 7,590 7,692 7,539 7,437 7,794 8,308 7,386 7,182 6,774 6,213 6,468 5,919 5,637 4,518 4,780 5,919 7,284 7,692 5.919 5,365 5,050 5,095 4,960 Feet. 3-18 3-21 3-19 3-22 3-25 3-20 3- 16 3-11 3-07 3-15 3-09 3-05 3-00 2-96 2-97 2-99 3-27 3-52 3-61 3-60 3-67 3-63 3-60 3-69 3-77 3-71 3-73 3-70 3-69 3-65 3-41 Sec.-ft. 5,050 5,185 5,095 5,230 5,365 5,140 4,960 4,735 4,561 4,915 4,647 4,475 4,260 4,100 4,140 4,220 5,455 6,72 7,131 7,080 7,437 7,233 7,080 7,539 7,947 7,641 7,743 7,590 7,539 7,335 6,111 Feet. 3-08 3-01 2-97 2-95 2-99 2-89 2-80 2-80 2-79 2-81 3-06 3-07 3-04 2-74 2-71 2-73 2-69 2-672 2-63 2-60 2-58 2-56 2-53 2-58 2-60 2-57 2-59 2-57 2-53 2-50 Sec.-ft. 4,604 4,303 4,140 4,060 4,220 3.820 3,460 3,460 3,420 3,500 4,518 4,561 4,432 3,220 3,100 3,180 3,022 2,946 2,794 2,680 2,608 2,536 2,428 2,608 2,680 2,572 2,644 2,572 2,428 2,320 Feet. 2-54 2-52 2-50 2-49 2-53 2-50 2-52 2-53 2-52 2-49 2-47 2-45 2-44 2-45 2-43 2-44 2-48 2-46 2-47 2-45 2-43 2-42 2-45 2-43 2-32 2-39 2-39 2-35 2-32 2-38 2-40 Sec.-ft. 2,464 2,392 2,320 2,287 2-428 2,320 2,392 2,428 2,392 2,287 2,221 2,155 2,122 2,155 2,089 2,122 2,254 2,188 2,221 2,155 2,089 2,056 2,155 2,089 1,734 1,958 1,958 1,830 1,734 1,926 1,990 Feet. 2-39 2-47 2-40 2-33 2-27 2-21 2-19 2-18 2-15 2-16 2-15 2-16 2-18 2-15 2-10 1-99 2-48 2-31 2-24 2-22 2-19 2-15 2-12 2-14 2-32 2-35 2-94 2-95 3-04 2-98 Sec.-ft. 1,958 2,221 1,991 1,766 1,586 1,418 1,363 1,336 1,255 1,282 1,255 1.282 1,336 1,255 1,120 872 *1,390 1,228 1,255 1,250 1,174 1,120 872 1,170 1,070 800 854 836 710 746 Feet. 3-34 3-32 3-39 3-33 3-26 3-04 2-93 2-74 2-47 2-49 2-97 3-51 3-53 3-32 3-70 4-16 4 -.32 5-00 5-68 6-33 6-06 6-10 5-72 5-60 5-37 5-37 4-94 4-56 4-63 4-42 4-44 Sec.-ft. 710 2 3 746 890 4 854 800 6 635 7 490 8 420 9 360 10 ... 300 11 324 12 360 13 420 14 300 15 360 16 420 17 710 18 890 19 1,120 20 1,390 21 1,120 22 1,120 23 890 24 710 560 26 560 27 560 28 590 29 560 30 632 532 '■■ *Ice conditions. Monthly Discharge of Bow River near Kananaskis, for 1912. (Drainage area, 1304 square miles.) Dl9CH.\RGE IX SeCOND-FkET. R UN- Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in .•Vcre-feet. March (10-31) 640 710 4,389 8,100 8,308 7,947 4,604 2,464 2,221 1,390 570 546 635 1,894 4,432 4,100 2,320 1,734 710 300 .580-50 627-00 2,199-68 5,475-13 6,1.30-0 5.923-0 3.294-0 2.158 1,2.59 656 0-45 0-48 1-69 4-20 4-70 4-54 2-53 1-65 0-966 0-503 0-37 0-54 1-95 4-48 5-42 5-23 2-82 1-90 1-08 0-58 34,542 37.321 May 135,240 325,753 July 376,920 364,193 196,006 132,688 74,920 40,336 The period 24-37 1,717,919 242 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. l915 Discharge Measurements of Ghost River at Gillies' Ranch, Alta., in 1911, Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge. Height. Discharge. May 3 H. C. Ritchie Feet. 58-0 67-0 89-0 91-0 70-0 68-0 52-5 48-0 51-0 Sq.ft. 81-2 155-5 164-4 193-1 143-4 124-4 68-5 75-3 71-6 Ft. per see. 1-60 1-97 2-79 3-97 2-80 2-46 2-92 2-94 2-68 Feet. 2-46 1-95 1-72 1-30 Sec.-ft. 130-0 R T. Sailman 305-9 July 13 457-9 Aug 18 do 768-0 Sept. 19 ^^ Oct. 20 Nov. 9 Nov 28 do 401-1 do V. A. Newhall do 305-6 200-0 221 -6t Dec 15 do 192- It *No gauge. fGauging made near the site of gauge. Ice conditions but the probable error small. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Ghost River at Gillies' Ranch, Alta., for 1911. Day. August. September. October. November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 2-11 2-06 2-43 3-03 2-60 2-55 2-31 2-26 2-16 2-15 2-13 2-07 2-06 200 1-99 2-00 2-00 1-95 1-95 1-93 1.93 1-94 l-flO 1-89 1-90 1-94 1-96 1-93 189 1-86 Sec.-ft. 498 465 740 1235 879 838 644 606 532 525 511 472 465 429 423 429 429 401 401 391 391 396 377 373 377 396 407 391 373 359 Feet. 1-85 1-86 1-86 1-85 1-84 1-77 1-77 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-78 1-70 1-69 1-69 1-67 1-60 1-57 1-55 1-56 1.56 1-56 1-56 1-56 1-56 1-56 1-45 1-44 1-44 1-44 1-45 Sec.-ft. 355 359 359 355 351 324 324 335 335 335 335 328 300 297 297 290 269 261 255 258 258 258 258 258 258 258 230 228 228 228 230 Feet. 1-44 1-44 1-49 1-52 1-45 144 1-45 1-.34 1-25 1-25 1-25 Sec.-ft. 228 2 228 3 240 4 247 5 230 6 228 7 230 8 207 9 191 10 - 191 11 191 12 13 14 i-55 1-55 1-45 1-47 1-66 i-ae 1-62 15 16 17 2-56 2-44 2-44 2-56 2,46 2-67 2-52 2-33 2-89 2-67 2-45 2-37 2-31 2-20 2-16 846 748 748 846 764 936 813 659 1118 936 756 691 644 561 532 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 243 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Monthly Discharge of Ghost River at (iillies' Ranch. Alta.. for 1911. (Drainage area, 367 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second -Feet. Maximum. Minimum. August (17-31)... September October November (1-11) The period 1,118 1 , 235 359 247 532 359 228 191 Mean. 773 505 291 219 Per square mile. 2-1(16 1-376 0-793 0-597 Run-Off. Depth in I inches on ! Total in Drainage. ! acre-feet, area. MS 1-54 0-91 0-24 3-87 22,998 30,050 17,893 4,778 75,719 Discharge Measurements of Ghost River at Gillies' Ranch, in 1912. Date Hydrographer. Width. .\rea of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Di.scharge. Feb. 2 V. A. Xewhall . Feb. 12 do Feb. 22 do Mar. 2 do Mar. 13 H. C. Ritchie. . Mar. 23 do April 17 do May 16 do June 14 do June 27 do July U do July 26 do Aug. 8 do Aug. 22 do Sept. 4 do Sept. 26 H. R. Cram... Oct. 11 do Oct. 24 I H. C. Ritchie . Nov. 8 j do Nov. 21 j do Dec. 5 1 do Dec. 19 1 do Feet. 31-0 27-0 29-0 26-0 39-0 25-0 47-0 68-0 63-0 62-5 93-5 86-0 81-0 81-0 79-0 78-5 77-0 73-0 69-0 70-0 50-9 50-3 Sq. ft. 50-20 39-40 45-25 38-80 38-00 43-00 .58-10 145-00 113-05 116-57 246-4 269-8 1.56-5 183-1 184-0 1.55-0 146-0 1.30-0 121-2 114-5 75-2 80-4 Ft. per sec. 2-64 2-62 2-10 1-82 2-88 2-44 2-61 2-35 1-24 1-79 5-41 5-42 4-06 3-44 3-24 3-01 2-85 2-48 2-27 2-26 2 -,57 2-18 Feet. 2-00 1.53 1-80 1-36 1-06 1-76 0-99 1-51 1-00 1-02 4-00 4-10 3-05 3-15 3-12 2-87 2-70 2-44 2-35 2-30 2-22 2-30 Sec.-ft. 132-60* 103-27 95-01 70-75 109-60 104-90* 152-02 340-64 140-15 207-91 1..332-7 1,460-4 634-4 630 0 .598-0 466-0 417-0 322-0 276-0 258-4 193-3* 176-Ot *Ice conditions, Feb. 2 to Mar. 23. t do Dec. 5 to Dec. 31. 244 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Ghost River at Gillies' Ranch, for 1912. Dat. 1 January. • February. March. Ap ril. May June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 2 3 Feet. 3-85 3-85 3-85 3-85 3-85 3-56 3-81 3-90 3-87 3-91 3-96 3-86 3-94 3-95 3-62 3-44 3-25 2-95 3-09 3-15 3-05 2-70 2-36 2-25 2-15 1-95 1-90 1-80 1-74 1-76 1-75 Sec.-ft. 142-00* 142-OOt 142-00 142-00 142-OOt 136-20 141-20 143-20 142-40 143-20 144-20 142-20 143-8 144-00 137-40 133-80 130-00 124-00 126-80 128-00 126-00 119-00 112-20 110-00 108-00 104-00 103-00 101-00 99-80 100-20 100-00 Feet. 1-61 1-56 1-56 1-56 1-54 2-11 1-89 1-61 1-59 1-58 1-59 1-56 1-61 1-58 1-56 1-56 1-86 1-43 1-60 1-11 2-03 1-72 Ml 1-81 1-71 1-12 1-51 1-61 1-01 Sec.-ft. 97-20 96-40 96-40 96-40 96-10 107-20 102-80 97-20 96-85 96-70 96-85 96-40 97-20 96-70 96-40 96-40 102-20 95-85 97-00 105-40 105-60 99-40 105-40 101-20 99-20 104-80 95-65 97-20 112-10 Feet. 2-02 1-12 1-61 1-52 1-61 3-41 1-21 2-56 3-51 2-76 2-77 2-90 0-90 0-86 Sec.-ft. 105-40 104-80 97-20 95-80 97-20 **98-00 99-70 116-20 135-20 120-20 120-40 123-00 124-00 126-20 Feet. 3-22 3-06 3-01 2-81 2-56 1-56 1-86 1-90 2-16 1-56 1-46 1-51 1-20 1-10 1-10 1-05 1-00 1-00 0-95 0-89 0-86 0-85 0-95 0-99 1-05 1-05 1-03 1-00 1-00 ■50 Sec.-ft. 129-40 126-20 125-20 121-20 116-20 96-40 102-20 103-00 108-20 96-40 95-70 95-65* 120-OOt 150-OOt 178-00 157 -50t 137-00 137-00 116-50 91-50 79-60 75-50 116-50 132-90 157-50 157-50 149-30 137-00 137-00 342-00 Feet. 1-55 1-40 1-03 1-40 2-00 1-95 2-39 2-49 2-30 1-69 1-35 1-40 Sec.-ft. 362-50 301-00 149-30 301-00 547-00 526-50 706-90 747-90 670-00 419-90 280-50 301-00 Feet. 1-04 1-04 0-95 1-30 0-95 0-94 0-93 0-90 1-30 0-93 0-92 0-90 1-02 1-00 2-80 3-30 4-01 2-85 1-80 1-96 1-45 1-02 1-01 1-02 1-02 1-02 1-01 1-01 1-20 1-30 Sec.-ft. 153-40 153-40 116-50 4 260-00 5 116-50 6 112-40 7 108-30 8 96-00 9 260-00 10 108-30 11 104-20 12 96-00 13 1-45 i 321-50 145-20 14 1-54 1-66 1-60 1-65 1-50 1-59 1-52 1-80 1-35 1-20 1-50 1-40 1-25 1-30 1-35 1-10 1-00 0-99 358-40 407-60 383-00 403-50 342-00 378-90 350-20 465-00 280-50 219-00 342-00 301-00 239-50 260-00 280-50 178-00 137-00 132-90 137-00 15 3-11 127-20 2-76 120-20 875-00 16 1080-00 17 1-36 1-41 0-89 0-91 2-76 2-51 1-44 2-42 3-06 2-36 2-54 3-46 3-61 3-16 3-21 96-40 95-95 124-90 123-10 120-20 115-20 95-80 113-40 126-20 112-20 115-80 134-20 137-20 128-20 129-20 1371-10 18 895-50 19 465-00 20 530-60 21 321-50 22 145-20 23 141-10 24 145-20 25 145-20 26 27 28 29 30... 145-20 141-10 1 141-10 219-00 260-00 31 1 1 *lce conditions Jan. 1 to Apr. 12. tGaus;e heights interpolated Jan. 1 to 5 and Apr. 13 to 16. JRhifting conditions .\pr, 13 and 14. **Gauge height raised by ice jam. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 245 Daily Gauge Height axd Discharge of Ghost River at Gillies' Ranch, for 1912.— Concluded. Day. Julv. August. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Feet. Sec.-ft. 690 219 465 875 895 1,285 1,449 1,695 1,613 1,449 1,367 1,285 1,285 1,264 1,244 1,162 1,162 1,060 1,080 957 957 957 1,019 1,367 1,572 Feet. 00 957 95 937 70 834 55 773 45 732 30 670 Dis- charge 2-32 Sec.-ft. 732 711 670 670 650 629 609 568 568 547 555 568 527 506 498 49S 1,101 527 691 793 629 029 547 609 957 752 682 752 691 691 678 September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Feet. Sec.-ft. 609 588 588 580 604 608 580 662 670 604 568 564 547 527 527 522 506 498 481 481 527 527 506 490 486 477 449 486 Feet. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Sec.-ft. 486 482 465 445 441 404 424 445 441 441 436 424 424 424 424 408 410 408 404 404 342 362 367 326 358 342 317 317 317 281 Feet. 1-39 1-44 1-49 1-39 1-40 1-38 1-34 1-34 1-39 1-40 Dis- I Gauge charge . ' Height . Sec.-ft. Feet. 297 317 338 297 301 293 276 276 297 301 322 322 301 297 260 276 301 297 301 281 268 256 252 250 208 180 228 240 260 256 1-70 Dis- charge . Sec.-ft. 276 294 312 248 194 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 180 170 184 184 184 182 180 182 180 178 181 178 178 178 176 'Shifting conditions Nov. 21 to Dec. 5. tice conditions Dec. 5 to Dec. 31. Monthly Discharge of Ghost River at Gillies' Ranch, for 1912. (Drainage area, 367 square miles. ) DlSCH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage. Area. Total in Acre-feet. 144 112 137 342 748 1,371 1.695 1,101 670 486 338 294 100 96 96 76 133 96 219 498 449 277 180 176 128 99 115 134 358 300 1,073 653 545 395 278 196 0-35 0-27 0-32 0-36 0-98 0-82 2-92 1-78 1-48 107 0-757 0-534 0-40 0-29 0-37 0-40 113 0-92 3-37 2-05 1-65 1-23 0-845 0-615 7.841 February March April 5,721 7.098 7.950 May 22,005 June 17,826 Julv 65,976 August 40-151 32,430 October 24,288 16,542 December 12,052 13-270 259-880 246 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Jumpingpound Creek near Jumping Pound, Alta., in 1906-8-9. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Mean velocity. Gauge height. Discharge. 1906. June 15 June 16* J. F. Hamilton do Feet. 103 Sq. ft. 289 Ft. per sec. 0-60 Feet. 2-70 2-75 2-30 2-30 2-36 2-05 2-48 2-24 1-96 Sec.-ft. 162 189 1908. May 6 99-3 49-4 57-0 89-0 950 87-0 28-5 250 65 74 187 212 195 34 0-22 0-88 0-96 0-17 0-53 0-33 0-70 55 May 6* do 57 July 23* H R Carscallen . . 71 do .... 32 1909. June 28 Julv20 J.C. Keith do 113 64 do 24 Measurements taken at wading sections. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek near Jumning Pound, Alta., for 1908. D.\Y. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- 1 Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 2-40 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-50 2-80 2-70 2-60 2-50 2-70 2-80 3-00 3-30 3-30 310 3-20 3-30 3-30 3-20 3-20 3- 10 3- 10 3-20 3-30 3-20 3-20 3-50 3-70 Sec.-ft. Feet. 5-00 5-30 4-70 5-00 Sec.-ft. 751 2 829 3 673 4 751 5 . .. 5-30 829 6 5-00 751 7 4-70 4-00 3-90 3-60 3-50 673 8 491 9 465 10 387 11 361 12 3-50 361 13 3-40 3-40 3-30 3-30 3-20 3-20 3- 10 3-30 3-30 3-20 3-20 310 3-00 300 3-30 3-20 300 300 336 14 336 15 311 16 311 17 286 18 286 19 2-50 2-45 2-40 2-40 2-35 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-40 2-40 2-40 261 20 311 21 311 22 286 23 ■■■ ' 286 24 261 25 236 26 236 27 311 28 286 29 236 30 236 31 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 247 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek, near Jumping Pound Alta., for 1908. — Continued. Day. July. August. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge i Dis- Height. charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 . Feet. 2-80 2-70 2-60 2-60 2-60 2-60 2-60 2-50 2-50 2-50 2-40 2-40 2-40 2-40 2-40 2-50 Sec.-ft. 186 162 139 139 139 139 139 117 117 117 96 96 96 96 96 117 Feet. 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-20 2-30 2-30 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-10 2-10 210 2-10 2-00 2-00 2-10 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-10 2-20 2-20 Sec.-ft. 57 57 57 57 40 40 40 40 40 40 57 76 76 57 57 57 57 40 40 40 40 27 27 40 57 57 57 57 40 57 57 Feet. 2-20 2-10 2-10 210 2-00 2 00 2-00 2-00 2 00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 200 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 2-00 210 210 2-10 2-00 2-00 Sec.-ft. 57 40 40 40 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 27 40 40 40 27 27 Feet. * 2-00 2-10 Sec.-ft. 27 2 40 3 2-10 40 4 2- 10 ; 40 5 2-10 40 6 . 2-10 40 7 2-10 2-10 210 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 210 210 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2 10 2-10 2-10 40 8 40 9 . . > 40 10 40 11 . . 40 12 40 13 40 14 40 15 . . . 40 16 40 17 2-50 117 2-40 96 2-40 96 40 18 40 19 40 20 2-40 2-40 2-40 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 96 96 96 76 76 76 57 57 57 57 40 21 40 22 23 40 40 40 25 26 40 40 97 28 29 30 31 Note. — Rating table does not apply to gauge heights previous to June 1st. 248 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek near Jumping Pound, Alta., for 1909. D.\Y. May. June. July. August. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 2-60 2-60 2-70 2-70 2-60 2-50 2-50 2-40 2-40 2-30 2-40 2-60 2-80 2-80 2-70 2-70 2-80 2-80 2-60 2-90 3-10 3-30 3-30 4-00 4-00 3-80 3-60 3-50 3-40 3-30 3-30 Sec.-ft. 139 139 162 162 139 117 117 96 96 76 96 139 186 186 162 162 186 186 139 211 261 311 311 491 491 439 387 361 336 311 311 Feet. 3-30 3-20 3-10 3-10 3-20 3-20 3-20 3-10 310 3-00 3-00 2-90 2-90 2-80 2-80 2-70 2-70 2-60 2-60 2-50 2-50 2-50 2-50 2-60 2-60 2-60 2-50 2-40 2-40 2-40 Sec.-ft. 311 286 261 261 286 286 286 261 261 236 236 211 211 186 186 162 162 139 139 117 117- 117 117 139 139 139 117 96 96 96 Feet. 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-40 3-00 2-80 2-70 2-70 2-60 2-60 2-70 2-70 2-60 2-50 2-50 2-40 2-40 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-20 2-20 2-60 2-60 2-90 2-80 2-70 2-50 Sec- ft. 76 76 76 76 76 96 236 186 162 162 139 139 162 162 139 117 117 96 96 76 76 76 76 57 57 139 139 211 186 162 117 Feet. 2-50 2-40 2-40 2-40 2-40 2-40 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-40 2-30 2-30 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 Sec.-ft. 117 96 96 96 96 96 76 76 76 76 96 76 76 57 57 57 57 57 57 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 27 27 27 27 Feet. 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-00 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 Sec.-ft. 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Feet. 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 Sec.-ft. 20 2 20 3 20 4 20 5 20 6 20 7 20 8 20 9 20 10 20 11 20 12 20 13 20 14 20 15 20 16 17 20 20 18 20 19. 20 20 20 21 20 22 20 23 20 24 20 25 20 26 20 27 20 28 20 29 20 30 20 20 Monthly Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek near Jumping Pcnind, Alta., for 1908-9. (Drainage area, 178 square miles.) Discharge in Second -Feet. Run-Off. Mo.N'TH. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on drainage area. Total in acre-feet . 1908. 829 1S6 57 57 40 236 57 27 20 27 414-8 101-9 49-7 28-7 39-5 2-330 0-572 0-279 0-161 0-222 2-600 0-659 0-322 0-lSO 0-215 24,684 July 6,264 3,056 1.710 October (1-26) 2,037 37,751 1909. Mav 491 311 236 117 27 20 76 96 57 27 20 20 222-8 188-6 121-3 61-9 24-7 20-0 1-251 1-059 0-681 0-347 0 138 0112 1-442 1-182 0-785 0-400 0-154 13,698 11,221 July 7,4.59 3.806 1,468 October 0-129 1,230 1 38.882 JSOTT' RITER POWER AND STORAGE 249 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Discharge Measurements of Jumpingpound Creek at Sec. 30, Tp. 24, Rge. -4. W. 5th M., near Jumping Pound for 1910. Mav 23 June 28. July 21. Aug. 16. Sept. 7. Hydrographer. J. C. Keith. do do do do Width. Sept. 30 I H. R. Carscallen. Feet. 54 54 68 77-8 90 101 Area of section. Sq. ft. 32-50 166-53 148-54 163-67 177-03 215-14 Mean velocity. Ft. per sec. Ml 0-16 0-05 0-156 0-214 0-22 Gauge height Feet. 2-08 1-97 1-78 1-98 2-10 2-12 Discharge Sec.-ft. 36-19t 26-38t 7-42 25-53t 38-02t t .\t wading stations near regular .station. Daily Gauge Height axd Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek near Jumping Pound, for 1910. Day. -Feet. 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 Sec.-ft. Feet. 1-90 Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1-90 16 1-90 9 2-10 40 2-10 40 200 27 2-00 27 2-00 27 2-00 27 2-10 40 2-10 40 2-10 40 2-10 40 2-10 40 2-10 40 2-10 40 2-10 40 2-20 57 2-20 57 2-20 57 2-30 76 2-30 76 2-30 76 2-30 76 2-20 57 210 40 2-00 27 2-00 27 2-00 27 1-90 16 1-90 16 250 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTEh'IOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek near Jumping Pound, for 1910. — Continued. Dat. Jul; August. 1 Sept ember. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 1 Feet. 1-90 1^80 1^80 1^80 1^80 1-80 1^80 1^80 1^80 1-80 1^80 1^80 1^80 1^70 1^70 1^70 1^70 1-70 1-70 1^70 1^70 1^70 1-70 1^70 1^60 1-60 i^eo 1^60 1^60 1^60 1^60 Sec.-ft. 16 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3-5 3^5 3-5 3^5 3-5 35 3-5 Feet. 1-60 1-60 1^60 1^60 9-70 1-80 1-90 1^70 1^70 1-70 170 1-80 1^90 2^00 2^00 200 1^90 1^70 1-70 1^70 1-70 1^70 1-80 1-80 1^70 1-70 1-70 1-70 1-80 1^80 1-80 Sec.-ft. 3-5 3^5 35 35 5 9 16 5 5 5 5 9 16 27 27 27 16 5 5 5 5 5 9 9 5 5 5 5 9 9 9 Feet. 1-80 1^80 1^80 1-80 1^90 1-95 212 2^20 2-20 2^20 220 2^20 2-20 2^30 2^30 2^30 2^40 2^40 2-50 2^50 2-50 2^50 2^40 2-40 2^30 2-30 230 2-20 2^20 210 Sec.-ft. 9 t 9 16 21 43 57 57 57 57 57 57 76 76 76 96 90 117 117 117 117 96 96 76 76 76 57 57 40 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2^10 j 40 2 2-10 2^10 2^10 2^10 2^10 2-00 2^00 2^00 190 1^90 1^90 1^90 1^80 1^80 1-80 1^80 1^80 1^80 40 3 40 4 40 5 40 6 40 7 27 8 27 9 27 10 16 11 12 16 16 13 16 14 9 15 9 16 9 17 9 18 9 19 9 20 1^80 9 21 1-80 1 9 22 1-80 9 23 1^70 i 5 24 1^70 1 5 25 1^70 1 5 26 1 170 5 27 1^70 1 5 28 ' 1-70 j 5 29 1 1^70 1 5 30 1 1^70 1 5 31 1 1-70 . 5 1 i 1 Monthly Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek near Jumping Pound, for 191U. (Drainage area, 187 square miles.) DlSCH.\RGE IN Second-Feet Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Moan. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Total in Drainage i acre-feet, area. | April (9-30) 16 27 76 16 9 16 9 35 12-8 224 406 656 8-9 64 0 16-5 •063 •119 •216 •035 •042 •342 •088 •052 •137 •241 •040 •048 560 1,377 2,416 July 403 27 3-5 117 9 40 .i 547 •382 i 3.808 -101 ' 1.014 10,125 Buw h'lVKh' powra axd srohwai: SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 251 Discharge Measurements of Jumpingpound Creek at Jumping Pound, Alta. in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean V'elocitv. Gauge Height. Discharge. Mav 2 H C Ritchie Feet. 77 99-8 98 109 98 75 Sq. ft. 168-3 215-7 209-2 268-5 208-6 169-7 Ft. per see. 1 0-21 0-83 0-62 ■ 1-30 1 0-66 0-36 Feet. 2-02 2-56 2-39 2-92 2-44 2-23 Sec. -ft. 35-2 June 8 R. T. Sailman 178-2 July 12 Au<' 16 L. R. Brereton do 130-6 350-7 Sept. 14 Oct. 19 do 137-9 do 63- 2 Daily Ctauge Height and Discharge of Juinpingpouud ("reek at Juin])ii]g Pound. Alta., for 1911. Mav. Julv. August . September. October. D.w. Gauge Height . Dis- Gauge charge. Heigth. Dis- Gauge charge Height, Dis- Gauge charge Height. Dis- Gauge Dis- Gquge charge Height, charge. .Height. Dis- charge . Feet' t2-02 2-02 t2-02 202 202 2-02 2-02 2-02 2-02 202 202 2-02 203 2-30 2-40 300 2-90 2-70 2-60 2-50 2-40 2-50 2-40 2-40 2-40 2-50 2-50 2-40 2 -.50 2-90 3-00 Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 30-8 3-30 548 30-8 3-20 496 30-8 3-00 392 30-8 2-80 292 30-8 2-60 201 30-8 2-60 201 30-8 2-60 201 30-8 2-56 184 30-8 2-49 156 30-8 2-49 156 30-8 2-49 156 .30-8 2-48 152 .32-2 2-48 152 90 2-47 149 123 2-47 149 392 2-45 141 .341 2-44 137 246 2-42 130 201 2-40 123 160 2-30 90 123 2-21 65-6 160 2- 15 52 123 2-15 52 123 2-55 180 123 2-91 346 161 2-70 246 160 2-65 223 123 2-95 366 160 2-95 366 341 2-99 387 392 2-99 2-81 2-80 2-75 2-65 2-60 2-55 2-51 2-50 2-50 2-39 2 -.35 2 -.30 2-30 Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. ' Feet 382 387 297 292 269 223 201 180 164 160 160 120 106 90 90 2-28 84-4 2-25 76 2-25 76 2-24 73-4 2-24 73-4 2-24 73-4 3-30 .548 3-25 522 3-00 392 2-78 283 2-75 269 2-65 223 2-56 184 2-45 141 2-39 120 2-35 106 2-35 2-53 2-65 2-70 2-75 3-25 3-00 2-95 2-85 3-01 2-92 2-85 2-73 2-70 2-60 2-70 2-70 2-65 2-60 2-73 2-73 2-70 2-68 2-62 2-60 1-.58 106 172 223 246 269 2-75 269 4-35 ' 1,116 4-50 I 1,200 400 921 3-50 652 522 392 366 316 397 351 316 260 246 201 246 246 223 201 260 260 246 237 210 201 Sec.-ft. , Feet. Sec.-ft. 2-56 184 2-54 176 2-95 366 2-95 366 2-90 341 2 -82 2-72 2-70 2-63 2-63 2-55 2-55 2-50 2-45 2-42 2-40 , 2-38 I 2-37 2-36 2-36 2-38 2-40 2-46 2-48 2-49 2 -.50 2 -.50 2-52 2-49 2-47 302 255 246 214 214 180 180 160 141 130 123 116 113 109 109 116 123 145 152 156 260 160 168 1.56 149 2-47 2-49 2-49 2-48 2-49 2-45 2-43 2-39 2-37 2-36 2-33 2-32 2 -,30 2-29 2-30 2-29 2-28 2-29 2-23 I 149 156 1,56 152 1.56 141 134 120 113 109 100 96-4 90 87-2 90 87-2 84-4 87-2 70-8 tXo observations, g;iu:;e height interpolate]. 252 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Monthly Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek near Jumping Pound, for 1911. (Drainage area, 187 square miles.) Run-Off. Discharge Measurements of Jumpingpound Creek at Jumping Pound, Alta., in 1912. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. April 18 May 17 May 31 June 13 June 28 July 12 July 27 Aug. 9 Aug. 23 Sept. 3 Sept. 27 Oct. 10 Oct. 25 Nov. 7 H. C. Ritchie. do do do do do do do do H. R. Cram... do do H. C. Ritchie. do Feet. 70-0 99-5 97-5 90-5 97-5 110-5 110-0 97-5 94-5 97-5 97-5 96-5 94-0 Sq. ft. 189-00 208-70 198-00 176-75 189-85 314-75 285-63 190-35 178-00 196-70 179-00 189-00 167-40 Ft. per sec. 0-42 0-57 0-594 0-24 0-64 2-58 2-50 0-92 0-70 0-78 0-71 0-71 0-48 Feet. 2-43 2-40 2-35 2-17 2-37 3-44 3-32 2-42 2-35 2-37 2-36 2-37 2-30 2-54 Sec.-ft. 80-06 118-63 117 -.59 4317 12114 800-92 715-50 174-74 122-80 152-60 127-00 134-00 80-40 114-30 BOW RIYER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 253 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek near Jumping Pound, Alta., for 1912. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Day. Apiil. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . June. Gauge Height. Feet. Sec.-ft. *2-43 2-40 2-25 2-25 2-23 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-18 2-18 2-15 2-64 80-06 70-00 28-00 29-00 25-00 20-00 20-50 21-00 21-50 19-00 19-50 17-00 220-00 Feet. 2-82 2-55 2-50 2-76 2-68 2-58 2-55 2-53 2-55 2-43 2-39 2-35 2-35 2-35 2-40 2-41 2-40 2-45 2-55 2-55 2-70 2-59 2-65 2-60 2-55 2-60 2-60 2-45 2-40 2-38 2-35 Dis- charge . 308 165 140 280 234 182 174 166 177 120 104 118 118 144 198 200 286 226 262 237 210 238 240 160 138 126 117-50 Gauge Height. Feet. 2-34 2-36 2-40 2-32 2-30 2-25 2-29 2-28 2-20 2-18 2-15 2-25 3-35 3-40 3 03 3-01 2 - 90 2-80 2-60 2-50 2-48 2-45 2-50 2-45 2-45 2-43 2-40 2-55 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 112-60 121-80 141-00 103-80 95-00 82-40 74-00 90-80 84-60 74-00 56-00 50-00 41-00 74-00 736-00 772-00 512-40 498-80 425-00 363-00 248-00 194-00 182-60 167-00 194-00 167-00 167-00 156-60 141-00 220-00 •Shifting conditions fioiri April 18 to May 31. 2oE-18 254 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek, near Jumping Pound, for 1912. — Concluded. D.\T. July. August. September. October. November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 2-50 2-70 2-90 2-95 3-00 3-10 3-25 3-60 3-90 4-25 4-00 3-60 3-80 3-60 3-40 3-30 3-20 3-00 2-80 3-10 3-00 3-00 3-40 400 400 3-80 3-30 315 3-00 2-92 2-80 Sec.-ft. 194-00 304-00 425-00 458-00 492-00 560 00 664-00 916-00 1,132-00 1,384-00 1,204-00 916-00 1,060-00 916-00 772-00 700-00 628-00 492-00 363-00 560 00 492-00 492-00 772-00 1,204-00 1,204-00 1,060-00 700-00 594-00 492-00 438-20 363-00 Feet. 2-75 2-70 2-65 2-60 2-55 2-60 2-50 2-45 2-40 2-35 2-45 2-55 2-50 2-50 2-47 2-43 2-95 2-90 2-70 2-60 2-55 2-50 2-35 Sec.-ft. 333-00 304-00 276-00 248-00 255-00 248-00 194-00 167-00 141-00 117-00 167-00 220-00 194-00 194-00 177-80 156-60 458-00 425-00 304-00 248-00 220-00 194-00 117. nn Feet. 2-38 2-35 2-38 2-38 2-50 2-60 2-61 2-65 2-60 2-60 2-60 2-50 2-40 2-35 2-30 2-25 2-40 2-40 2-35 2-30 2-25 2 -.30 2-30 2-35 2-30 2-36 2-34 2-30 2-31 2-30 Sec.-ft. 131-40 11700 131-40 131-40 194-00 248-00 253-60 276-00 248-00 248-00 248-00 194-00 141 00 117-00 95-00 74-00 141-00 141-00 11700 95-00 74-00 95-00 95-00 117-00 95-00 121-80 112-60 9500 99-40 95-00 Feet. 2-30 2-28 2-28 2-29 2-30 2-30 2-29 2-30 2-29 2-30 2-35 2-38 2-40 2-38 2-37 2-36 2-36 2-35 2-35 2-35 2-35 2 -.34 2-35 2-35 2-32 2-30 2-29 2-28 2-27 2-26 2-26 Sec.-ft. 95-00 86-60 86-60 90-80 95-00 95-00 90-80 95-00 90-80 95-00 117-00 131-40 141 00 131-40 126-60 121-80 121-80 117-00 117-00 117-00 117-00 112-60 117-00 117-00 103-80 95-00 90-80 86-60 82-40 78-20 78-20 Feet. 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 Sec.-ft. 95-00 2 95-00 3 95-00 4 95-00 5 9500 6 95-00 7 95-00 8 95-00 9 95-00 10 95-00 11 95-00 12 95-00 13 95-00 14 95-00 15 9500 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2-30 1 9.^-00 25 2-56 2-50 2-65 225-60 194-00 97fi.nn 26 27 :. 28 2-60 54S.nn 29 2-50 2-45 2-40 194-00 167-00 141-00 30 31 Note. — Gauge was not read after Nov. 15. Monthly Discharge of Jumpingpound Creek near Jumping Pound, for 1912- (Drainage area, 187 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. April May June July August September October November (1-15). The period 220 308 772 1,384 333 276 131 950 19-0 89-0 41-0 194-0 950 74-0 78-2 950 45-4 175-9 211-5 708-1 222-6 144-7 104-6 950 0-24 0-94 113 3-78 119 0-77 0-56 0-51 0-116 1084 1-261 4-358 1-372 0-859 0-646 0-284 1.171 10,816 12,585 43,539 13.685 8.611 6.429 2.826 9- 99,662 Note. — No gauge readings after Nov. 15. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 255 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Discharge Measurements of Bow River at Calgary, Alta., in 1908-9. Date. Hydrographer. Width. 1908. April 29 Mav 11 May 16 June 3 Julv 20 Sept. 1 Oct. 9 1909. April 23 May 21 June 7 June 26 June 30 Julv 7 Julv 16 Aug. 6 Aug. 26 Sept. 17 Oct. 26 P. M. Sauder .. do H. R. Carscallen P. M. Sauder . H. R. Carscallen do P. M. Sauder P.M. Sauder do do J. C. Keith do do do do do do P. M. Sauder.... Feet. 192-5 2100 2180 298 d 287-9 211-5 201-5 1740 205-5 284-5 274-0 277-5 334-2 278-5 228-5 209-0 203-5 196-0 Area of section. Mean velocitv. Gauge height. Dis- charge. Sq. ft. 730 1.059 1,160 1,893 2,234 1,607 1,404 1,169 1,742 2.244 2,159 2.074 2,863 2,095 1,821 1.564 1.425 1,306 Ft. per 2-73 4-72 5-22 6-92 4-82 2-56 1-63 1-07 2-52 5-71 5-21 4-91 7-67 4-90 3-85 2-71 2-18 1-50 Feet. 3-35 5-00 5-38 8-03 6-99 4-50 3-52 2-69 3-98 7-05 6-73 6-43 8-99 6-46 5-46 4-40 3-785 3-30 Sec. -ft. 1,996 4,994 6,053 13,099 10,779 4,109 2,284 1,248 3,713 12,807 11,242 10, 179 21,952 10,272 7,019 4,252 3,014 1.958 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Boav River, at C'algarv, 1908. Alta.. for Da\ June. August . Gauge height Dis- charge. Feet. 500 5-00 5- 10 5-30 5-30 5-35 5-40 5-75 5-65 5-55 5-50 5-45 5-30 5-30 5-20 5-30 5-50 5-50 5-50 5-50 5-60 5-90 Sec.-ft. 4.990 4,990 5,200 5,640 5,640 5, 750 5,860 6,660 6,425 6, 195 5.970 5.640 5.640 5.420 5,640 6,080 6,080 6.080 6.080 6,310 Gauge height. Dis- charge. Gauge I Dis- height. charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. 9,090 16,325 13,820 14,550 18,450 18,880 18,. 3.30 17,390 16.280 18.570 17.080 16,740 15,990 13,890 12,800 13,160 14,. 300 12.660 11.4.30 11,460 10,860 10,260 9,4.30 1 8.890 j 9,4.50 I 12,180 13,963 12,300 11.320 9.470 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 9,490 9,210 11.070 12.720 12.090 10., 500 10,520 10,540 10,263 12,530 12,550 12,230 12,250 12,270 12,290 12,310 12,330 12,030 11,720 10,780 10,470 10,470 9.850 9,850 9,850 9,240 8,640 8,340 7,760 7,480 6,400 Gaug e I Dis- height.' charge. Sec.-ft. 6.400 6,660 6,400 6,400 5.900 5,900 5,900 6,150 5,900 5,900 5,900 5,900 5,900 5,650 5,160 September. Gauge j Dis- height. charge. 4,930 4,930 I 4,930 4,930 4,930 4,9.30 4,9.30 4,930 4,9.30 5,400 5,400 5,400 4,710 4,710 4,500 4,300 Feet. Sec.-ft. 4,300 3,900 3,700 3,700 3,700 3,700 3,510 3,510 3,510 3,510 3,510 3,510 3,330 3,510 3,700 3.700 3.700 4.100 4.100 3.900 3.700 3.510 3,510 3,510 3,510 3,510 3,510 2,970 2,970 2,790 October. Gauge height. Feet. 80 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 790 790 790 790 790 2,620 2,620 2,620 2,450 2,110 2,110 2,110 2.110 2,110 2,110 2,110 2,110 1,940 2,110 2,280 1.940 1,940 1,940 1,940 2.110 2,110 2.110 2.110 25e— 18-i 256 DEPART MEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River, at Calgary, Alt a., for 1909. Day. April. May. June. July. Gauge height. Dis- charge. Gauge height. Dis- charge. Gauge height. Dis- charge. Gauge height. Dis- charge. 1. . . . Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 2-70 2-90 3-30 3-70 3 00 2-90 2-80 2-80 2-70 2-80 3-30 3-10 3-50 3-50 3-70 3-50 3-30 3-30 3-70 4-00 4-00 4-20 4-30 4-80 5-50 5-90 5-70 6-00 6-20 6-30 6-20 Sec.-ft. 1,280 1,620 2,370 3,130 1,800 1,620 1,440 1,440 1,280 1,440 2,370 1,990 2,750 2,750 3,130 2,750 2,370 2,370 3,130 3,760 3,760 4,200 4,430 5,640 7,520 8,740 8,120 9,050 9,700 10,040 9,700 Feet. 6-60 7-60 8-60 8-30 7-90 7-60 7-00 6-60 6-30 6-30 6-60 7-50 7-80 8-20 8-10 8-00 8-20 8-30 8-20 8-20 8-00 7-90 7-70 7-10 6-90 6-80 6-50 6-50 6-50 6-40 Sec.-ft. 11,100 15,230 20,220 18,660 16,670 15,230 12,600 10,971 9,884 9,873 10,936 14.684 16,054 18,024 17,504 16,988 17,974 18,470 17,941 17,925 16,910 16,391 15,441 12,776 11.922 11,510 10,400 10,400 10,400 10,040 Feet. 6-70 6-90 7-00 7-30 7-50 7-50 900 8-90 8-50 8-30 7-80 7-60 7-30 7-10 6-70 6-50 6-50 6-40 6-20 6-00 5-80 5-80 5-70 5-80 5-90 600 6-80 6-70 6-30 6- 10 600 Sec.-ft. 11,130 2 11,910 3 12,330 4 13,610 5. 14,48C 6 14,480 7 22,020 8 21.490 9. 19,380 10 18,340 11 15,860 12 14,940 13. 13,610 14 12,750 15 11,130 16 10,400 17 10,400 18 > 10.040 19 9.360 20 2-70 2-70 2-70 2-70 2-70 2-80 2-80 2-80 2-90 2-70 2-70 1,280 1,280 1,280 1,280 1,280 1,440 1,440 1,440 1,620 1,280 1,280 8.690 21 8.040 22 : 8.040 23 7.740 24 8.040 25 8,360 26 8,690 28 29 30 31.... : 11,510 11,130 9,700 9.020 8,690 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 257 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River, at Calgary. Alta., for 1909. — Continued. Day. Aug Gauge height. list. September. October. November. Dis- charge. Gauge height. Dis- charge. Gauge height. Dis- charge. Gauge height. Dis- charge. 1. ... .. Feet. 5-90 5-80 Sec.-ft. 8,360 8.040 Feet. 4-40 4-30 4-30 4-30 4-40 4-40 4-40 4-40 4 -.30 4-30 4-30 4-30 4-20 410 400 3-90 3-80 3-90 3-90 3-90 3-90 3-80 3-80 3-70 3-60 3-60 3-60 3-60 3-50 3-50 Sec.-ft. 4,290 4,070 4,070 4,070 4,290 4,290 4,290 4,290 4.070 4,070 4,070 4,070 3,850 3.630 3,410 3,210 3,020 3,210 3,210 3,210 3,210 3,020 3,020 2,830 2,640 2,640 2,640 2.640 2,450 2,450 Feet. 3-60 3-70 3-70 3-80 3-70 3-70 Sec.-ft. 2,640 2,830 2,830 3,020 2,830 2.8.30 Feet. 3-20 3-20 3-20 3-20 3-20 3-20 Sec.-ft. 1,880 2 1,880 3 5-70 7.740 1,880 4 5-70 5-60 5-40 5-30 5- 10 5-00 5-00 4-90 4-90 4-80 4-80 4-80 4-80 4-70 4-70 4-70 4-70 4-70 4-70 4-70 4-70 4-60 4-40 4-50 4-60 4-50 4-40 4-40 7,740 7,440 6,850 6,570 6,010 5,730 5,730 5,470 5,470 5,220 5,220 5,220 5,220 4,980 4,980 4,980 4,980 4,980 4,980 4,980 4,980 4,740 4,290 4,510 4.740 4,510 4,290 4,290 1,880 5 1,880 6 1,880 7 3-60 2,640 3-60 , 2,640 3-60 2.640 8 .... 9 10 3-50 3-50 3-60 3-60 3-50 .3-50 3-50 2,450 2,450 2,640 2,640 2.450 2,450 2 4.50 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 3-40 2.260 3-40 2.260 18 19 3-40 3-40 3-40 3-40 3-30 3-30 3-30 3-30 3-20 3-20 3-20 3-20 3-20 2,260 2,260 2,260 2,260 2,070 2,070 2,070 2,070 1,880 1,880 1,880 1,880 1,880 29 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 30 31 ]\IoNTHLY Discharge of Bow River at Calgary, Alta., for 1908-1909. (Drainage area, 3,828 square miles.) Mo.NTFI. DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. May (10-31).... June July August September October (1-28). The period April (20-30) May June July August September October November (1-6). The period . 7.093 18,880 13,134 6,873 4,496 2,904 5,063 9,050 6,631 4,496 2,904 1.940 5.954-9 13,701-5 10,801-1 5,652-2 3,648-2 2,400-2 1,620 10,126 20,306 22,051 8.680 4,758 3,106 1,880 1.280 1,280 10,069 8,060 4,314 2,490 1,880 1,880 1,354-5 4,176-2 14,527-4 12,263-2 5,878-9 3,703-0 2.422-9 1,880-0 1-556 3-579 2-822 1-476 0-953 0-627 1-273 3-993 3-253 1-702 1-063 0-653 250,8.50 815.290 664,167 347.. 5.36 217.084 133,300 2.437,227 0-354 1-091 3-795 3-204 1-536 0-967 0-633 0-491 0 145 1-258 4-234 3-694 1-771 1-084 0-729 0-109 29.. 5.53 2.56,784 864,444 754,018 361.482 220.343 148.977 22,373 2.657.974 Note. — The discharges of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's canal have been added to those of Bow River at Gushing Bridge, in this table. 258 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Bow River at Calgary, in 1910. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Mean velocity. Gauge height. Discharge. May 12 J C. Keith Feet. 224-5 282-5 281-5 296-0 255-5 227-0 220-5 207-0 200-0 Sq. ft. 1,739-00 2,082-38 2,093-18 2,120-70 1,819-72 1,733-50 1,599-68 1,451-90 1,434-11 Ft. per sec. 3-90 5-77 5-38 5-87 4-45 3-90 3-18 2-50 2-41 Feet. 5-31 6-58 6-585 7- 145 5 -895 5-475 4-95 4-20 417 Sec.-ft. 6,774-50 May 28 do 12,020-62 June 16 June 22 July 12 do 11,265-10 do 12,4.55-85 do 8.100-98 do 6, 755- 10 Aug. 18 Sept. 20 Oct 14 do 5,081-93 do ; 3.640-74 H. R. Carscallen 3.457-45 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River, at Calgary, for 1910. D.A.Y. .\pril. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- 1 Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge. I Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 4-6 4-5 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-1 4-6 5-1 5-2 5-5 5-6 5-4 5-2 5-1 50 4-9 4-9 4-8 4-9 4-9 4-9 4-8 5-0 5-6 5-9 6.5 6-8 6-6 6-5 6-0 5-8 Sec.-ft. 4,860 4,620 3,930 3,930 3,930 3,700 4,860 6,190 6,480 7,390 7,710 7,080 6,480 6,190 5,910 5,640 5,640 5,360 5,640 5,640 5,640 5,360 5,910 7,710 8,720 10,920 12,070 11,300 10,920 9,070 8,380 Feet. 5-8 6-0 6-1 5-8 5-6 5-9 5-9 6-3 6-1 6-0 6-2 7-1 7-3 6-8 6-7 6-7 »6-7 *7-3 •7-1 *6-9 •6-9 7-0 6-6 6-3 61 6-1 6-4 6-6 6-6 6-5 Sec.-ft. 8,380 2 . 9,070 3 9,430 4 8,380 5 7,710 g 8,720 7 2-7 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 30 3-0 31 3-2 3-2 3-5 4-0 4-2 4-5 4-7 4-6 760 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,160 1.160 1,160 1,160 1,160 1,360 1.360 1.560 1.760 1.760 2,380 3,470 3,930 4,620 5,110 4,860 8,720 8 10,170 9 9,430 10 9,070 11 9,800 12 13,240 13 14,020 14 ■ 12,070 15 11,680 15 11,680 17 ^^ ..:....."......:. 11,560 18 13.640 19 12,760 20 11,800 21 11,680 22 11,880 23 10,430 24 9,390 25 8,710 26 8,710 27 9,730 28 10,430 29 10.430 30 10.080 31 •Changing conditions. BOW BITER POWER AXD STORAGE 259 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River, at Calgary, for 1910. — Continued. D.\Y. July. August. September. Octob er. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge \ Dis- Height. 1 charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 6-5 6-3 6-1 61 6-0 5-9 5-9 5-9 5-9 5-9 5-9 5-9 5-9 6-0 61 6-3 6-3 6-3 6-3 6-3 6-3 61 5-9 5-7 5-5 5-3 5-2 50 4-9 4-8 4-8 Sec.-ft. 10.080 9,390 8,710 8,710 8,380 8,060 8,060 8,060 8,060 8,060 8,060 8,060 8,060 8,380 8,710 9,390 9,390 9,390 9-390 9,390 9,390 8,710 8,060 7,430 6,820 6,230 5,950 5,420 5,160 4,910 4,910 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 4-8 4,910 4-8 4,910 4-8 4,910 4-8 4,910 4-9 5,16!) 5-475 6.745 5-7 , 7,4.30 5-6 ' 7,120 5-4 1 6,520 5-4 1 6. .520 Feet. 4-1 4-0 40 4-0 Sec.-ft. 3-310 3,100 3-100 3.100 Feet. 3-9 3-9 3,9 3-9 3-8 3-8 3-9 4-(l 4-0 4 0 4-2 4-2 4-3 4-2 4-2 41 4-2 4-2 4-3 4-2 4-2 4-1 4-0 4-0 4-0 3-9 3-8 3-7 3-6 3-6 3-6 Sec.-ft. 2,900- 2. 2,900 3 2,900 4 2,900 5 4-1 3.310 4-3 '■ 3,740 4-3 3.740 4-3 3.740 4-2 i 3, .520 4-1 3.310 2,710 6. . . . 2,710 7 2,900 8 3.100 9 3,100 10 3,100 11 12 5-4 5-4 5-4 5-4 6.520 6.520 6.520 6. 520 4-0 4-0 4-0 4-0 41 4-1 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-3 4-3 3,100 3.100 3-100 3,100 3,310 3,310 3,740 3,740 3.740 3,740 3,740 3.740 3,520 3,520 13 3,740 14 3,520 15 5-4 . 6,520 5-3 : 6,230 5-2 5,9,50 5-0 5.420 4-8 4.910 4-8 4,910 4-8 4,910 4-8 4.910 4-7 . 4.660 4-7 i 4.660 4-5 j 4.190 4-4 ! 3,960 4-3 1 3,740 4-2 ' 3, .520 4-1 3.310 41 3.310 4-1 3 310 3,520 16 3,310 17 3,520 18 3,520 19 3,740 20 3,520 21. . 3,520 22 3,310 23 4-3 3,740 4-3 1 3,740 4-3 3,740 4-3 3,740 4-2 1 3,520 4 1 3,310 4-0 3,100 3-9 2,900 3,100 24. . . 3,100 25 3,100 26 2,900 27 2,710 28 2,520 29 2,330 30 2,330 31 2,330 1 Monthly Dlscharge of Bow River at Calgary, for 1910. (Drainage area, 3,900 square miles.) DlSCH.\RGE IN Second-Feei Run -Off. Month. Maximum. .Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. -Vpril 6-30 5,110 760 12,070 3,700 14,020 7,710 10,080 4,910 7,430 3,310 3,740 2,900 3,740 , 2,330 i 1,9.52 6,683 10,427 7,961 5,279 3,441 3,094 0-500 1-710 2-670 2-040 1-350 0-882 0-793 0-446 1-970 2-080 2-350 l-.5flO 0-984 0-914 92,925 May 410,935 June July 620,429 489,480 August September October .324,094 204,730 190,216 2,332,809 \"" 260 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Bow River at Calgary, Alta., in 1910*-1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharg» 1910 Nov 25 H R. Carscallen Feet. 170-6 244-8 Sq. ft. 491-8 738-4 Ft. per sec. 3-22 1-76 Feet. 1-71 1-67 1-87 3-60 3-34 3-30 1-57 2-37 2-36 2-70 4-15 5-68 4-82 4-44 3-76 3-30 2-87 2-19 4-44 4-30 See. -ft. l,583tx Dec 13 do l,302x 1911 Jan 4 600-8|lx Feb 3 do 212 212 212 284 290-5 290-5 294 307 320 315-8 312 293 298-8 295 242 293 277 311-4 286-3 370-6 755-4 901-4 881-1 964-8 1,428 1,962 1,808 1,658 1,451 1,295 1,194 795-4 851-7 795-3 3-02 2-88 2-63 1-90 2-66 2-63 3-02 4-85 6-85 5-58 4-96 3-89 3,38 2-79 1-95 0-89 0-91 942 x Feb 22 do 823 -4x Mar 11 do 832 x Apr. 24 May 8 H. C. Ritchie do 1,438 2,394 May 15 May 26 June 9 do 2,317 do 2,916 B Russell 6.936 13,438 July 6 Aug. 12 do 10,093 8,224 Aug. 28 Sept. 12 Sept. 26 Nov 23 do 5,643 do 4,371 do 3,330 N. M. Sutherland l,551x Dec 7 do 5,754-7x Dec 22 do . . . .. 722 -9x * Other gaugings at the old gauging station in 1910 were published in the Second Annual Report. Data are insufficient to compute daily discharges in November and December of 1910. t Gauging made at Centre St. bridge. IJGauging was made at traffic bridge on sec. 14 and the discharge of Elbow river was deducted to obtain the discharge of Bow river at the regular station. x Ice conditions. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River at Calgary, Alta., for 1910. D.\Y. November. December. Gauge Dis- Height. i charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 . Feet. ! Sec.-ft. Feet. 1-45 1-60 1-65 1-55 1-62 1-75 1-79 1-97 1-97 1-97 2-05 1-67 2-04 2-05 1-97 1-78 1-85 1-73 1-89 1-80 1-78 1-69 1-78 1-44 1-70 1-74 1-75 1-80 1-80 1-64 1-97 Sec.-ft. 1,270 2 t 1,380 3.. 1,410 4 1,310 5 . 1,350 6.. 1,450 7.. 1,470 8 1,620 9.. '. 1,600 10.. 1,580 11 1,663 12 1,300 13 1,590 14 1,560 15 1,470 16 1,240 17 .' 1,250 18 1,130 19 1,190 20 ; 1,100 21 1,050 22 970 23 980 24 .- 810 25 880 26 869 27 820 28 810 29 1-30 1-40 1,108 1,230 770 30 - 700 31 760 Nqtb. — Ice conditions during the whoh period and daily discharges are therefore only approximate. BOW RIVER POWER AM> STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 261 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River at Calgary, Alta.. for 1911, Day. January. Februarj'. March. April. May. Junt'. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Fee;. 1-83 1-70 1-42 1-90 2-38 2-87 3-02 3-73 3-85 3-44 2-95 312 3-45 3-80 4-10 4-85 4-86 4-75 4-55 4-46 4-37 4-30 4-27 4-27 4-05 3-93 3-67 3-93 3-94 3-90 3-97 Sec.-ft. 690 640 600 600 1,000 990 1,000 1,020 950 910 830 960 980 990 1,040 Feet. 3-74 3-65 3-57 3-73 3-67 3-68 3-66 3-67 3-67 3-65 3-65 3-70 3-63 3-55 3-54 3-50 3-37 3-45 3-43 3-24 3-43 3-35 3-42 3-24 3-44 3-44 3-45 3-43 Sec.-ft. 960 940 928 1,005 975 980 970 975 975 965 965 990 955 920 916 900 848 880 872 796 872 840 868 796 876 876 880 872 Feet. 3-35 3-30 3-42 3-40 3-40 3-35 3-35 3-37 3-36 3-35 3-35 3-35 3-35 3-40 3-45 3-37 3-37 3-33 3-46 3-60 3-56 3-56 3-56 3-35 3-15 3-08 2-95 2-95 2-80 2-82 2-70 Sec.-ft. 840 820 868 860 860 840 840 848 844 840 840 840 840 860 880 848 848 832 884 940 924 924 924 840 810 820 810 850 830 880 870 Feet. 2-64 2-47 2-57 2-44 2'45 2-67 2-75 2-57 2-70 2-73 2-64 2-50 2-45 1-84 1-97 2-05 1-87 207 1-67 1-70 1-76 1-88 115 1-56 2-33 1-73 1-70 1-66 1-68 1-67 Sec.-ft. 890 860 940 930 980 1,120 1,200 1,170 1,270 1,330 1,340 1,320 1,340 1,040 1,180 1,300 1,220 1,450 1,190 1,270 1,390 1,560 1,060 1,428 2,288 1,577 1,550 1,514 1,532 1,523 Feet. 1-64 1-70 1-83 1-84 1-98 2-25 2-33 2-35 2-37 2-34 2-27 2-24 2-34 2-37 2-37 2-40 2-97 2-94 2-90 2-85 2-85 3-00 3 05 2-97 2-90 2-77 2-69 2-65 2-59 2-82 3-00 Sec.-ft. 1,495 1,550 1,670 1,680 1,836 2,170 2,288 2,320 2,352 2,304 2,198 2,156 2,304 2.352 2,352 2,400 3,534 3,468 3,380 3,270 3,270 3,600 3,720 3,534 3,380 3,094 2,920 2,840 2,722 3,294 3,600 Feet. 3-87 4-05 4-17 4-96 4-75 4-55 4-32 4-30 4-27 412 4-10 4-22 4o7 5-85 5-97 605 6-00 5-84 5-75 5-60 5-52 5-47 5-77 610 6-25 6-05 5-56 5-47 5-47 5-49 Sec.-ft. 5,970 2 3 4 5 6 6,60-) 7,032 10,144 9,240 8,450 7 8 .... 7,576 7,500 9 7,392 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 6,8.52 6,780 7,212 8,526 14,290 14,890 15,300 15,040 18 19 20 21 14,240 13,800 13,320 13,180 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 13,150 14,340 15,740 16.460 15,840 14,080 13,330 13,330 30 13,430 31 1 Not .sufficient data to compute di.scharge from Jan. 5 to Jan. 20. 262 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River at Calgarj^, Alta., for 1911 . — Continued. July. Day. August . ■ Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . September. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. October. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . December. Gauge I Dis- Height. charge. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feet. 4-15 Sec.-ft. 13,730 13,230 12,980 12,480 11,280 9,680 9,8.30 11,230 10,730 9,730 10,230 8,712 8,136 8,040 8,904 9,000 9,240 9,336 8,856 8,616 8,664 8.760 8,280 8,040 8,328 8,760 8,040 7,400 7,320 7,000 Feet. 3-70 Sec.-ft. 7,000 7,040 7,120 7,908 8,280 8,280 11,230 15,130 10,830 9,630 8,760 8,280 7,600 7,400 7,320 7,200 7,000 6,420 6,420 6,312 6.240 6,240 6,060 5,910 5,910 6,060 5,910 5,610 5,460 5,250 5,460 Feet. Sec.-ft. 5,310 5,370 5,460 6,420 6,312 5,910 0,670 5,310 5,020 4,828 4,750 4,620 4,542 4,490 4,412 4,412 4,230 4,178 4,100 3,720 3,840 3,720 3,600 3,534 3,490 3,380 3,336 3,270 3,160 3,160 Feet. Sec.-ft. 3,116 3,050 3,050 3,006 2,900 2,840 3,050 3,270 3,050 2,432 2,480 2,400 2,432 2,400 2,142 2,076 2,448 2,400 2,240 2,064 2,170 2,040 2,064 2,100 2,142 2,170 2,016 1,980 1,980 1,824 1,800 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1,776 1,764 1,764 1,776 1,800 1,800 1,690 1,340 1,324 1,300 1,185 1,150 960 1,200 1,295 1,700 2,080 2,200 2,160 2,120 2,010 1,840 1,720 1,740 1,660 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2-25 1,610 2-23 1,590 4-28 1,360 4-27 1,230 4-25 1,120 5-62 1,070 980 1,050 990 880 770 744 748 740 746 739 750 743 742 760 742 750 754 760 754 750 753 752 736 726 720 659 672 688 672 Note. — Ice conditions during Januarj-, February, March, November and December. Daily discharges for those months are only appro.ximate, particularly December which may be a little low. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Monthly Discharge of Bow River near Calgary, Alta., for 1910-1911 263 (Drainage area, 3,138 square miles.) DlSCH.\RGE IN SECONd-FEET. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Ru-v-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage Total in acre-feet . 1910 November 29-30. December The period 1911 January (1-4) (21-30). Februarj' March April May — June . . . . July.... August. September. October November December. The period . 1,230 1,660 1,180 700 1,205 1.205 1,040 1,005 940 2,288 3,720 16,460 13,730 15, 130 6,420 3,270 2,200 1,070 600 796 810 860 1,496 5,970 7,000 5,250 3,160 1,800 960 650 914 857 1,292 2,676 11,434 ■9,459 7,396 4,452 2.424 1,609 774 0-348 0-384 0-280 0-291 0,273 0-412 0-852 3-640 3-010 2-360 1-420 0-772 0-513 0-247 0-03 0-44 0-16 0-30 0-31 0-46 0-98 4-06 3-47 1-58 0-89 0-57 0-28 15-78 4,780 74,093 78,873 26-182 50,671 52,695 76,879 164,541 680.370 .581.611 454.762 264.912 149,046 95,740 47,591 2,645,090 Discharge Measurements of Bow River at Calgary, in 1912. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean \'elocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. •Jan. 15. •Jan. 30. ♦Feb. 10. •Feb. 23. •Mar. 7. •Mar. 22. May 2 May 7. May 21. June 8. June 21. July 9. July 15. July 29. Aug. 8. Aug. 22. Sept. 4. Sept. 20. Oct. 4. Oct. 21 . Oct. 31. Nov. 14. Feet. N. McL. Sutherland. do do do do do H. C. Ritchie F. R. Burfield do do do do do do do do do do do do do do Sq. ft. I Ft. per sec. 286 1,004-4 1-23 286 862-3 1-.35 315 964-7 1-25 287 807-0 1-24 287 7.55-2 1-15 287 722-7 1-07 285-5 9.50-6 1-84 287 1,0.53-8 2-22 299 1,329-4 3 -.34 291-5 1,142-4 2-56 321 1,975 0 6-10 323 2,107-5 fl-71 324 2,063-0 6-61 313-5 1,713-8 5-18 306-5 1,450-6 4-45 313-5 l,.596-4 5-36 .303-5 1,298-6 4-31 300-5 1,2.35-4 3-84 294-5 1,0-56-3 3-04 292-5 1,025 2-82 292 938 2-37 287-5 927 2 -.50 Feet. 6-38 6-49 6-25 5-99 5-74 5-62 4-185 4-41 5-35 4-66 7-36 7-78 7-60 6-60 6-11 6-56 5-79 5-51 4-91 4-75 4-46 4-39 Sec. -ft. 1,236 1,166 1,204 824 1.752 2,, 338 4,434 2,919 12,047 14.149 13.618 8,872 6,4.59 8.. 5.52 5,599 4.741 3.209 2.896 2,226 2,313 •Ice condition.s. 264 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Bow River at Calgary, for 1912. D.\Y. January. February. March. April . May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 2 Feet. 5-65 5-65 5-77 5-75 606 5-76 6-25 5-95 6-25 6-21 6-05 6-07 6-35 6-35 6-31 6-50 6-95 6-65 6-65 611 6-37 6-65 6-65 6-60 6-65 6-65 6-65 6-65 6-65 6-65 6-35 Sec.-ft. 680 680 720 720 880 720 1,000 830 1,000 980 870 990 1,070 1,070 1,197 1,330 1,670 1,410 1,410 1,040 1,210 1,370 1,370 1,310 1,350 1,320 1,320 1,300 1,300 1,270 1,080 Feet 6-35 6-30 6-30 6-25 615 6- 15 6-20 6-25 6-23 6-20 6-15 613 6-12 6-12 6- 10 6- 10 6-05 6-05 603 5-92 5-92 5-93 5-94 5-94 5-95 5-95 5-97 5-97 5-95 Sec.-ft. 1,190 1,070 1,080 1,080 1,060 1,070 1,110 1,160 ,160 1,160 1,100 1,088 1,082 1,082 1,070 1,070 1,040 1,040 1,028 962 962 968 974 974 980 980 992 992 980 Feet. 5-94 5-95 5-97 5-98 5-97 5-95 5-71 5-68 5-65 5-85 5-90 5-90 5-68 5-90 5-80 5-75 5-80 5-40 5-75 5-75 5-80 5-65 5-45 5-69 5-69 5-50 5-50 5-40 5-25 5-25 5-00 Sec.-ft. 974 980 992 998 992 980 855 840 825 925 950 950 840 950 900 875 900 710 875 875 900 825 850 1,110 1,240 1,250 1,400 1,4,50 1,490 1,640 1,590 Feet. 5-00 4-95 4-93 4-95 4-80 4-40 4-20 4-10 4-40 4-27 415 4-05 4-03 4.03 4-05 4-30 4-23 415 4-08 3-92 3-81 3-70 3-72 3-75 3-75 3-77 3-75 3-77 3-93 3-87 Sec.-ft. 1,740 1,850 1,990 2,160 2,170 2,020 1,780 1,620 2,120 1,899 1,700 1,540 1,508 1,508 1,540 1,9.50 1,831 1,700 1,588 1,332 1,183 1,040 1,066 1,105 1,105 1,131 1,105 1,131 1,348 1,261 Feet. 4-40 418 4-10 4-30 4-32 4-32 4-31 4-40 4-42 4-39 4-38 4-43 4-42 4-53 5-03 5-37 5-63 5-55 5-53 5-45 5-33 5-33 5-30 5-27 5-25 5-43 5-75 5-75 5-63 5-53 5-35 Sec.-ft. 2,420 1,748 1,620 1,950 1,984 1,984 1,967 2,120 2,160 2,103 2,086 2,180 2,160 2,380 3,505 4,362 5,113 4,870 4,810 4,580 4,258 4,258 4,180 4,105 4,055 4,524 5,485 5,485 5,113 4,810 4,310 Feet. 5- 15 510 4-97 4-97 4-95 4-73 4-55 4-75 5-00 5-52 5-52 5-72 5-98 6-42 6-99 7-45 7-72 7-70 7-'b2 7-50 7-38 7-35 7-26 7-20 7-13 7-07 7-00 7-02 6-95 6-73 Sec.-ft. 3,805 3,680 3 4 5 6 3,358 3,358 3,310 2,796 7 8 2,420 2,840 9 3,430 10 11 12 13 4,780 4,780 5,392 6,258 14 15 16 17 18 19 7,629 10,474 12,625 13,894 13,800 13,424 20 21 22 23 24 12,860 12,296 12,155 11,732 11,450 25 26 11,121 10,842 27 10,520 28 10,612 29 30 10,290 9,295 31 Notes. — Ice conditions from Jan. 1 to Apr. 6. From Jan. 1 to Jan. 14 extremely cold. now lilVKR POWER AND STORAGE 265 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gal'ge Height axd Discharge of Bow River at Calgary, for 1912. — • Concluded. Day. Jul September. October. Xovomber. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Feet, Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1 6-51 6-23 6-40 6-23 6- 15 8,333 7,200 7,880 7,200 6,890 6-38 6-34 6-37 6-35 6-37 7,800 7,640 7,760 7,680 7,760 6-22 613 5-93 5-61 5-47 7,160 6,814 6.078 5,051 4,636 5-00 5-00 4-99 4-98 4-97 3,430 3,439 3,406 3,382 3,358 4-45 4-60 4-62 4-62 4-60 2,220 2,520 2,562 2,562 2,520 4-01 403 3-96 4-30 4-28 1,420 2 3 4 5 1,400 1.230 1,720 1,640 6 6-21 6-77 7-19 7-77 8-00 7,120 9,475 11,403 14,129 15,210 6-30 6-26 6-19 612 6-02 7.480 7,320 7,042 6,776 6,404 5-58 5-69 5-77 5-74 5-68 4,960 5,299 5,547 5,454 5,268 4-95 4-94 4-97 4-99 503 3,310 3,286 3,358 3,406 3.505 4-55 4-48 4-45 4-53 4-50 2,420 2,280 2,220 2,380 2,320 416 414 4-18 416 410 1,400 1,300 8 1,320 9 1,230 10 1,120 11 12 13 14 15 7-72 7-67 7-49 7-93 7-70 13,894 13,659 12,813 14,881 13,800 608 6- 13 6- 13 5-95 5-91 6,626 6,814 6,814 6,150 6,006 5-73 5-81 5-69 5-60 5-58 5,423 5,673 5,299 5,020 4,960 501 4-99 4-96 4-93 4-84 3.455 3,406 3,334 3,262 3,046 4-45 4-43 4-40 4-41 4-29 2,220 2,180 2,120 2,140 1,933 3-95 3-64 3-78 3-98 3-95 900 580 670 820 760 16 17 18 19 20 7-45 7-25 6-90 6-70 6-83 12,625 11,685 10,060 9,160 9,745 6-30 5-29 6-57 6-73 6-70 7.480 7,440 8,591 9,295 9,160 5-55 5-49 5-48 5-46 5-38 4,870 4,692 4,664 4,608 4,388 4-83 4-80 4-82 4-84 4-86 3,022 2.951) 2,998 3,046 3,094 4-21 4-25 4-29 4-45 4-40 1,797 1,865 1,933 2,220 2,120 4-07 414 4-09 4-30 4-21 840 880 800 980 8!50 21 22 23 24 25 6-67 6-50 7-15 7-88 7-92 9,028 8,290 11,215 14,646 14,834 6-68 6-67 6-65 6-60 6-92 9,072 9,028 8,940 8,720 ■ 10,152 5-30 5-31 5-33 5-31 5-27 4,180 4,206 4,258 4,206 4,105 4-83 4-80 4-65 4-68 4-70 3,022 2,9.50 2,625 2,688 2,739 4 -.38 4-35 4-30 4-33 4-36 2,086 2,035 1,9.50 2,001 2,052 4-33 4-34 4-33 4-32 4-29 940 920 860 810 760 26 27 28 29 30 7-45 7-05 6-91 6-62 6-53 12,625 10,750 10,106 8,808 8,419 7-13 706 7-03 6-72 6-73 11,121 10,796 10,658 9,2.50 9,295 5-24 5-20 5-13 5-06 4-95 4,030 3,930 3,755 3,. 580 3,310 4-69 4-65 4-67 4-70 4-60 2,709 2,625 2,667 2.730 2,520 4-29 3-88 3-93 4-05 4-04 1,933 1,274 1,348 1,540 1,524 4-23 416 4-38 4-42 4-45 680 580 760 760 7.50 31 6-44 8,044 6-47 8,167 4-46 2,240 4-61 870 January. . . . February... March April May June July -\ugu.st .September. October November. December.. The year. . . Monthly Discharge of Bow River at Calgary, for 1912. (Drainage area, 3, 138 square miles.) Month. DiscH.\ROE I.N' Second-Feet. Maximum. 1,670 1,160 1,640 2,170 5,485 13.894 15,210 11,121 7,160 3,505 2,562 1,720 Minimum. 680 980 825 1,040 1,620 2,420 6.890 6.006 3,310 2,240 1,274 580 Per Square Mile. Run-Off. 1,109 1,048 1,030 1,571 3,432 8,185 10, 772 8,169 4,847 3,064 2,076 985 0-35 0-33 0-33 0-50 1-09 2-61 3-43 2-60 1-54 0-98 0-66 0-31 Depth in inches on Drainage Area. 0-40 0-36 0-38 0-56 1-26 2-91 3-96 3-00 1-72 M2 0-74 0-36 16-77 Total in Acre-feet. 68, 189 60,284 63,330 93,480 211,024 487,040 662,401) 502,290 288,420 188,400 123,590 60,565 2,809,012 266 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Elbow River at Calgary, Alta.. in 1908-1909. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. - Mean velocity. Gauge height. Dis- charge. 1908. Mav 8 P. M. Sauder H. R. Carscallen P. M. Sauder H. R. Carscallen do Feet. 132-5 137-5 158-5 139-5 139-0 138-0 135 0 133-0 138-0 157-0 141-0 140-0 140-0 139-0 138-0 135-0 Sq. ft. 280 369 922 370 350 303 288 278 355 667 467 444 425 415 359 294 Ft. per sec. 0-76 1-49 5-34 1-43 1-27 0-95 0-87 0-83 1-35 3-72 2-09 1-94 1-82 1-80 1-37 0-92 Feet. 1-00 1-655 5-30 1-67 1-525 1-115 1-05 0-755 1-325 3-43 2-11 1-94 1-82 1-76 1-40 0-975 Sec.-ft. 210 May 15 550 June 6 4,925 529 July 21 July 25 445 Sept. 3 do 287 Oct. 7 1909. Mav 7 P. M. Sauder H. R. Carscallen P. M. Sauder do 252 230 May 18 .. . 478 May 26 2 487 June 8 J. C Keith 976 June 24 do 860 Julv 2 do 775 Julv 15 do 749 Aug. 7 do 493 Aug. 30 do 270 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Elbow River, at Calgarv 1908. Alta.. for Day. May. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. June. July. Gauge Dis- Gauge Di.s- Height. charge . I Height . charge. Feet. I -00 1-.50 1-40 1-30 1-45 1-55 1-65 1-70 1-75 2-35 2-15 2-00 2-05 2-05 2-00 1-90 1-90 1-95 2-05 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-05 2-50 Sec.-ft. 212 460 410 360 435 490 550 580 610 1,040 882 775 810 810 775 705 705 740 810 845 845 845 810 1.165 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2,022 5,615 3,435 4,400 5,440 5.440 4.152 3,062 2,637 2,440 2,440 2,195 1,910 1,640 1,640 1,640 1,340 1,165 1,165 1.295 1.340 1,207 1,165 1,207 1,435 1,587 1,587 1,340 1.080 960 Feet. 20 i 15 10 I 10 i 10 , 05 ; 00 i 00 I 90 , 90 80 ! 80 90 90 80 80 75 70 70 60 50 I 50 I 40 I 40 I 30 1-30 Sec.-ft. 882 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 920 882 845 845 845 810 775 775 705 705 640 640 705 705 640 640 610 580 580 520 460 460 41U 410 360 360 BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 267 Daily Gauge Height axd Discharge of Elbow River, at Calgary, Alta., for 1908. — Continued. Dav. August. September. October. Xoveinber. Gauge Dis- Height. ; charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge : Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 1-30 1-30 1-30 1-30 1-30 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-25 1-30 1-30 Sec.-ft. 360 360 360 360 360 310 310 310 310 310 335 360 .•?fiO Feet. 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 110 110 MO MO MO MO 110 110 MO MO Sec.-ft. 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 Feet. MO MO 110 110 110 MO MO 110 MO MO MO MO 100 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 I -00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-05 MO 1-20 1-25 1-30 Sec.-ft. 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 212 236 260 310 335 360 Feet. 1-30 1-20 1-10 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 100 Sec.-ft. 360 2 310 3 260 4 212 5 212 6 212 7 212 8 212 9 212 10 212 11 212 12 212 13.... 14 1-30 360 1-30 360 1-30 360 1-20 310 1-20 310 1-20 310 1-20 310 MO 1 260 MO 260 MO 260 15 16 17 18. . . . 19 MO ' 260 1 • 10 260 20 21 MO MO MO 115 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 MO MO 260 260 260 285 310 310 310 310 260 260 22. 23. . . 1-40 1-40 1-35 1-30 1-20 410 410 385 360 310 25 26 28. . . 1-20 310 30 1-20 1-20 310 310 31 258 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Elbow River, at Calgarv, Alta., for 1909. Day. May. June. Ju y. August. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 0-60 0-90 1-23 1-42 1-03 0-82 0-86 0-85 0-91 1-06 1-29 1-50 1-66 1-49 1-70 1-56 1-43 1-32 1-79 204 2-03 2-06 2-34 2-81 3-06 3-65 3-28 3-40 3-39 3-25 301 Sec.-ft. 220 250 391 502 293 236 243 241 253 307 425 550 652 544 680 586 508 442 748 944 935 961 1,218 1,717 2,020 2,757 2,295 2,445 2,433 2,257 1,957 Feet. 3-34 3 -.32 4-10 2-85 2-87 2-71 2-45 210 2-06 2-07 2-37 2-66 2-61 2-65 2-59 2-69 2-75 2-68 2-51 2-40 2-29 2-26 2-15 1-94 1-91 2-00 1-87 1-86 1-79 1-75 Sec.-ft. ■ 2,370 2,345 3,320 1,765 1,789 1,601 1,325 1,095 961 969 1,246 1,546 1,491 1,535 1,470 1,579 1,647 1,568 1,385 1,275 1,171 1,142 1,040 862 838 910 807 800 748 717 Feet. 1-89 1-82 1-88 2-02 2-19 2-30 3-27 2-77 2-40 2-35 2-25 2-06 2-15 2-01 1-95 1-76 1-69 1-66 1-65 1-65 1-58 1-55 1-45 1-43 1-42 1-44 1-65 2-66 2-42 2-01 1-98 Sec.-ft. 823 770 815 927 1,076 1,180 2,282 1,670 1,275 1,227 1,132 961 1,040 918 870 725 673 652 645 645 598 580 520 508 502 514 645 1,546 1,295 918 894 Feet. 1-72 1-65 1-64 1-57 1-62 1-59 1-40 1-43 1-42 1-35 1-33 1-32 1-31 1-29 1-28 1-25 1-24 1-23 1-20 1-19 1-19 1-17 1-16 1-12 1-09 1-07 1-04 1-05 1-02 0-98 0-97 Sec.-ft. 695 645 638 592 624 604 490 508 502 460 448 442 436 425 419 402 397 .391 375 370 370 360 355 335 320 311 298 302 289 274 271 Feet. 0-97 0-95 0-96 0-95 0-95 0-94 0-94 0-93 0-93 0-92 0-94 0-93 0-92 0-91 0-92 0-91 0-90 0-92 0-92 0-91 0-91 0-91 0-91 0-90 0-90 0-91 0-89 0-85 0-83 0-85 Sec.-ft. 271 265 268 265 265 262 262 259 259 256 262 259 256 253 256 253 250 256 256 253 253 253 253 250 250 253 248 241 238 241 Feet. 0-84 0-84 0-83 0-82 0-82 0-82 0-81 0-80 0-79 0-79 0-79 0-78 0-78 0-77 0-76 0-79 0-78 0-78 0-77 0-77 0-77 0-76 0-76 0-75 0-75 0-74 0-73 0-73 0-73 0-72 0-72 Sec.-ft. 240 2 240 3 238 4 5 236 236 6 236 7 8 235 233 9 232 10 11 232 232 12 13 14 15 16 17 231 231 230 230 232 231 18 231 19 2.30 20 230 21 22 23 24 25 230 230 230 229 229 26 228 27 28 227 227 29 227 30 31 226 •226 Monthly Discharge of Elbow River at Calgary, Alta., for 1908-1909. ^Drainage area, 466 square miles.) Discharge in Sbcond-Feet. Run -Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. 1908. Ma V (8-3 1 ) 1,165 5,615 1,000 410 310 360 360 212 960 360 260 260 212 212 694-5 2,266-0 700-3 332-6 280-8 244-8 236-5 1-49 4-86 1-50 0-71 0-60 0-52 0-50 1-330 5-422 1-729 0-819 0-669 0-600 0-223 33,060 134,834 July 43,060 20,450 16,709 15.052 November (1-12) 5,629 268,794 1909. May 2,757 3,320 2,282 695 271 240 220 717 502 271 238 226 968-0 1,377-2 929-9 4^0-6 255-5 231-4 2-070 2-950 1-995 0-920 0-548 0-490 2-386 3-291 2-300 1061 0-612 0-565 59.520 June 81.952 July 57,177 26,476 15,203 October 14,228 254,356 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 269 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Discharge Measurements of Elbow River at Calgary, for 1910. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Mean velocity. Gauge height. Dis- charge. Mav 11 J C Keith Feet. 135 139 136 135 135 134 140 106 133 104 126 120 Sq. ft. 306-5 371 05 350-95 298-70 298-75 284-25 395-45 316-05 278-20 255-25 221-70 210-95 Ft. per sec. 1-06 1-48 1-28 0-925 0-93 0-825 1-64 1-03 0-81 0-385 0-57 0-333 Feet. 1-04 1-50 1-33 0-965 0-97 0-86 1-655 1-06 0-80 0-84 1-10 1-00 Sec.-ft. 325-39 Mav 27 do 548-04 do 450-55 Julv 11 do 276-27 Aug. 6 do 278-74 Au" 26 do 234-87 Sept 19 do 647-00 Oct. 6 H. R. Carscallen 326-97 Nov. 3 do 225-58 Nov. 24 do 98 -29*1 Dec 14 do 126-43* Dec. 31 do 70-32* *Ice conditions. tMeasurement taken at Bridge 400 yards down stream. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Elbow River at Calgarv, for 1910. D.w. April. May. June. Ju y. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. •00 •00 • 00 ■00 •00 •00 •00 •00 •00 •00 •00 ■00 •00 •00 •01 •09 ■24 ■26 ■ 30 .31 •33 ■34 •34 ■34 •35 ■39 ■43 ■47 •56 •57 Sec.-ft. 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 77 87 108 110 116 118 121 122 122 122 124 130 137 144 162 165 Feet. ■55 ■54 ■53 ■53 ■59 ■61 ■70 ■82 M5 M7 M3 M2 1^07 105 1^01 ■99 ■98 ■97 1^03 1-04 1^03 1^01 1^00 ■99 Sec.-ft. 160 158 156 156 170 174 196 230 358 368 349 345 323 315 298 290 286 282 307 311 307 298 294 290 Feet. 1-10 1-36 1-30 1-25 1-18 1-15 1-13 1-35 1-32 1-35 1-34 1-65 1-55 1-46 1-35 1-41 1-57 1-58 1-46 1-57 1-58 1-56 1-34 1-28 1-20 1-17 1-23 1-22 1-22 1-22 Sec.-fl. 336 468 434 407 372 358 349 462 445 462 456 650 582 526 462 496 596 602 526 596 602 589 456 423 382 368 397 392 392 392 Feet. 1-21 1-20 1-18 1-15 1-08 1-05 1-03 1-02 1-00 -99 -98 •94 -92 •95 •99 -99 -97 •97 ■98 ■96 ■93 ■92 ■90 -86 -84 ■83 •82 •85 •79 ■76 •73 Sec.-ft. 387 2 382 3 372 4 358 5 328 6 315 7 307 8 302 9 10 11 12 294 290 286 270 1,3 263 14 274 1.5 290 16 ; 290 17 18 282 282 19 286 20 278 21 267 0-7 263 23. 2.56 24 243 25. 1^21 387 1^58 602 1-54 576 1-35 , 462 1-26 412 1 ■ 15 358 1-12 345 237 26 233 27 28 230 240 29 221 30 213 31 204 2oE— 19 270 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Elbow River at Calgary, for 1910. Continued. DAT. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. •72 Sec.-ft. 202 202 199 194 221 213 298 363 349 358 412 402 372 368 377 349 336 315 294 286 274 270 267 267 263 246 237 221 240 243 274 Feet. •90 •86 •84 •89 •94 106 1^22 M8 112 106 115 1-20 1^25 1-25 1-33 1-46 1-54 1-65 1-66 1-58 1-54 145 1-43 1-41 1-36 1-31 1^28 1-27 1-24 1-20 Sec.-ft. 256 243 237 253 270 320 392 372 345 320 358 382 407 407 451 526 576 650 657 602 576 520 508 496 467 440 423 418 402 382 Feet. M6 113 MO M2 1-09 1^07 1^03 1^04 1^04 1^06 1-05 105 1-04 1-03 1-01 •99 ■97 1-01 ■97 •95 ■94 ■92 •91 •89 ■88 ■90 ■88 ■87 ■86 ■85 ■84 Sec.-ft. 363 349 336 345 332 323 307 311 311 320 315 315 311 307 298 290 282 299 282 274 270 263 260 253 250 256 250 246 243 240 237 Feet. •82 ■81 ■80 •78 •76 •75 •74 ■73 •72 •71 1^07 •85 •79 •86 •85 •84 •78 ♦•75 •94 •94 M2 115 1^00 •97 . ^79 1^06 1^22 1^26 141 135 Sec.-ft. 230 227 224 218 213 210 207 204 202 199 323 240 221 243 240 237 218 210 240 212 238 212 146 116 90 130 157 166 204 188 Feet. 1^24 1^19 1^21 1^08 1^06 roi 113 1^07 111 1^05 •99 1^01 •97 M2 116 1^32 M7 114 1^21 123 1^225 •90 •84 1145 1195 M8 1^235 1095 1-06 104 *1^095 Sec.-ft. 161 ■■> , . 72 71 69 79 76 01 16 13 15 26 24 18 17 19 13 10 05 00 98 95 94 93 93 92 87 84 79 85 86 95 151 3 154 4 129 5 126 6 117 136 8 ' 126 9 132 10 : 120 11 112 12 114 13 107 14 130 1,5 134 Hi 17 160 130 18 123 19 132 20 132 21 128 99 80 23 72 24 110 25 114 26 108 115 28 /... 90 29 84 30 31 80 82 *lce conditions from November 18 to Decembjr 31. Monthly Discharge of Elbow River at Calgaiy, for 1910. (^Drainage area, 482 square miles.) MONIH Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on I Total in Drainage I Acre-Feet, area. April May June July August September. October November December. . The period . 165 602 650 387 412 657 363 323 161 76 156 336 204 194 237 237 90 72 101 308 • 5 466 282 287-5 4219 291-6 205-5 119 0^209 0-640 0-967 0^585 0 596 0^875 0^605 0 426 0^247 0-233 0-738 108 0^675 0-687 0^976 0^698 0^475 0-285 6,009 18,970 27,727 17,340 17,678 25, 103 17,930 12,228 7,317 150,302 BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 271 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Discharge ^Measurements of Elbow River at Calgary, Alta., for 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. A Mean ■ Gauge .Section. Velocity. ; Height. Discharge. H. R. Carscallen. Jan. 16. Feb. 6. Feb. 18. Mar. 14. Apr. 6. Apr. 15. Mav 1 . May 25. June 5. H. C. Ritchie. B. Russell June Julv Aug. Aug. Aug. 21. H. T. Thomas H. Brown Sept. 8 " Sept. 25 " Oct. 18 1 B. Russell Nov. 21 1 N. McL. Sutherland. Dec. 6 Dec. 23 Feet. 120-0 120-0 120-0 100-0 100-0 85-0 123-0 133-0 137-5 148-0 Sq ft. 193-1 181-1 215-8 204-0 178-3 143-0 249-5 269-2 346-2 457-3 Ft. per sec. 0-33 0-25 0-40 0-.54 0-oS 0-61 0-66 0-79 1-22 2-00 Feet. 1-10 0-90 1-97 2-22 2-05 0-33 0-57 0-68 1-21 2-01 See.-ft. 64 -Of 45-1 + 85-4t 111-Ot 103-61 90-9t 165-3 211-5 422-5 942-4 144 -C .395-6 1-65 1-59 654-5 142-5 441-6 1-93 1-90 8.52-6 140-0 394-6 1-59 1-56 629-6 150-5 675-1 3-63 3-46 2.3S5-0 139-0 410-8 1-67 1-66 fiS6-4 142-5 461-6 2-10 2-01 967-6 135-5 347-8 1-30 1-33 4.53-1 132-0 331-8 1-04 1-08 344-5 127-0 279-1 0-82 2-24* 229-it 115-0 241-2 0-40 2-30* 95 -8t 151-it 105-0 206-2 0-73 2-10* 'New chain gauge. flee conditions. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of 1911. Elbow River at Calgary, Alta.. for D.XY. January. February. March. 1 Ai ril. May. June. Gauge Height . Di.^- charge Clauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height Di.-^- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 1-06 0-99 0-90 0-87 1-09 1-12 1-25 1-34 1-19 tl-05 to -90 0-76 0-79 0-74 0-99 0-90 1-01 i-.-.o IGS 1-69 1-72 1-69 1-68 1-75 1-64 1-74 1-75 1-76 1-78 See.-ft. 71 65 60 54 64 64 69 71 63 57 51 48 47 45 48 45 47 M OS 68 70 68 68 72 66 71 72 72 73 Feet. 1-78 1-79 1-86 1-89 1-96 2-00 1-95 2-03 1-99 1-96 1-98 2-02 2-03 2-00 2-07 2 ^3 2-10 2-21 2-16 2-10 2-12 2-23 2-27 219 2-16 2-20 2-23 2-27 Sec.-ft. 73 74 78 79 85 88 84 91 87 85 86 90 91 88 95 91 98 110 104 98 101 115 120 111 108 113 119 123 Feet. 2-30 2-26 2-25 2-25 2-26 2-23 2-26 2-25 2-21 2-22 2-17 2-09 2-14 2-08 2-08 2-09 1-96 1-92 1-86 1-82 2-26 1-97 1-92 1-84 1-81 1-70 1-60 1-55 1-40 0-90 0-69 Sec.-ft. 128 123 122 123 125 121 126 125 121 122 116 107 114 107 116 128 118 123 124 128 255 191 199 192 203 193 185 189 170 90 86 Feet. 0-55 0-45 to -42 0-38 0-51 0-47 0-60 0-49 0-47 0-67 0-63 0-89 0-80 0-67 0-69 0-79 0-92 0-87 0-84 0-98 1-30 1-43 1-17 1-16 1-10 1-06 0-99 0-89 0-80 0-73 Sec.-ft. 80 79 82 84 102 105 147 143 152 198 188 267 236 198 203 233 278 260 250 302 458 539 388 383 354 336 306 267 236 215 Feet. 0-71 il-'-S 0-66 0-64 0-73 0-73 0-74 0-78 0-76 0-71 0-71 0-68 0-78 1-02 0-98 1-18 1-97 1-75 1-59 1-40 1-36 1-32 1-33 1-29 1-28 1-25 1 .22 1-22 1-43 1-86 2-16 Sec.-ft. 209 201 196 190 215 215 218 230 224 209 209 201 230 319 302 392 911 750 641 520 495 470 477 452 447 430 413 413 539 829 1.063 Feet. 2-61 2-51 2-37 2-25 2-09 1-83 1-74 1-69 1-65 1-61 1-78 1-99 2-21 2-17 2-09 2-02 1-97 1-85 1-70 1-65 1-59 1-58 1-67 1-76 2-40 1-99 1-95 2-00 2-02 2-05 Soc.-ft 1 466 2 1 , 370 3 1 244 4 1,139 1,006 6 807 743 8 708 9 682 10 655 11 771 12 926 13 1 105 14 1,071 15 16 1,006 950 17 ... 911 18 19 20 21 821 715 682 641 22 635 23 695 24 757 25 1,270 26 926 27 896 28 934 29 950 30 974 31 '20E 1... 272 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Elbow River at Calgary, Alta., for 1911 . — Continued. Day. July. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 2-33 2-31 2-10 1-99 1-88 1-75 1-70 1-64 1-61 1-55 1-48 1-42 1-35 1-31 1-33 1-38 1-35 1-33 1-51 1-47 1-41 1-39 1-65 1-59 1-48 1-41 1-45 1-39 1-31 1-28 1-26 Sec.-ft. 1,208 1,191 1,014 926 843 750 715 675 655 615 570 533 489 464 477 508 489 477 590 564 526 514 682 641 570 526 552 514 464 447 436 Feet. 1-25 1-55 1-60 1-80 1-89 1-90 2-31 4-05 3-35 2-91 2-69 2-41 2-30 2-15 2-00 2-18 1-93 1-78 1-67 1-91 1-75 1-73 1-69 1-64 1-61 1-75 1-70 1-67 1-62 1-59 1-54 Sec.-ft. 430 615 648 785 851 858 1,191 3,159 2,252 1,769 1,546 1,279 1,182 1,055 934 1,080 881 771 695 866 750 736 708 675 655 750 715 695 661 641 609 Feet. 1-50 1-47 1-45 2-69 2-40 2-25 2-16 2-08 1-99 1-93 1-89 1-84 1-77 1-68 1-61 1-56 1-55 1-48 1-43 1-41 1-38 1-37 1-37 1-35 1-33 1-33 1-32 1-32 1-32 1-31 Sec.-ft. 583 564 552 1,546 1,270 1,139 1,063 998 926 881 851 814 764 702 655 622 615 570 539 526 508 501 501 489 477 477 470 470 470 464 Feet. 1-30 1-29 1-32 1-30 1-29 1-28 1-26 1-24 1-21 M8 1-14 113 M2 111 MO MO 1-08 1-06 1-05 1-05 1-03 1-03 1-04 1-04 1-03 1-02 1-02 1-01 0-99 0-98 0-95 Sec.-ft. 458 452 470 458 452 447 436 424 408 392 373 368 364 359 354 354 345 336 332 332 323 323 328 328 323 319 319 314 306 302 290 Feet. 0-95 0-93 0-92 0-92 0-90 0-84 0-80 0-49 0-14 t I t t 2 •02* 2-15 2-46 2-34 2-35 2-36 2-37 2-24 2-44 2-18 2-19 2-25 2-26 2-49 2-20 2-28 2-12 Sec.-ft. 290 282 278 278 270 250 236 157 103 85 75 80 100 120 183 377 293 300 307 314 231 340 180 175 192 185 270 144 162 105 Feet. 2-08 2-07 215 2-10 2-11 2-28 216 2-07 2-05 2-16 2-28 2-35 2-20 2-06 2-05 2-07 2-35 2-20 1-91 2-10 2-27 1-99 2-08 2-23 1-99 1-76 1-79 1-79 1-76 1-76 2-08 Sec.-ft. 87 2 70 3 91 4 75 5 ^ 70 92 7 76 S 75 9 64 10 90 11 129 12 146 13 114 14 85 15 89 16 97 17 196 18 150 19 61 20 130 21 207 22 100 23 143 24 225 25 107 26 31 27 38 28 38 29 31 30 31 31 149 t No observation, gauge height interpolated. t Water below zero of gauge. Chain gauge installed. Note. — Ice conditions during January, February, March, November and December. Daily discharges for those months are only appro-ximate. Monthly Discharge of Elbow River at Calgary, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 482 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. January... February . March April May June. . . . July.... .\ugust . September. October November. December . The year... 73 123 255 539 1,063 1,466 1,208 3,159 1,546 470 377 225 190 635 436 430 464 290 75 31 62-2 95-9 141-0 236-0 407-0 915-0 633-0 982-0 7000 367-0 212-0 100-0 0-129 0 199 0-293 0-490 0-844 1-898 1-313 2 037 1-452 0-761 0-440 0-207 0-15 0-21 0-34 0-55 0-97 2-12 1-51 2-35 1-62 0-88 0-49 0-24 3,824 5,326 8,670 14,043 25,025 54,446 38.922 60,381 41,653 22,566 12,615 6,149 293,620 BOW RIVER POWER Ay D STORAGE 273 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Discharge Measurements of Elbow River at Calgary, for 1912. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Jan 12 N McL Sutherland Feet. 125 120 118 120 105 104 130 136 134 138-5 133 139 147 146 149 143 137 143 136 137 135-5 135 133-5 129 127 Sq. ft. 180-75 209-01 194-7 197-6 171-2 192-1 316-5 347-8 312-35 356-4 303-25 421-8 602-5 547-6 651-4 435-4 353-35 334-2 320-15 320-4 286-57 298-0 295-0 251-0 208-4 Ft. per sec. 0-51 0-66 0-66 0-59 0-51 0-56 1-14 1-38 1-17 1-48 Ml 2-09 3-70 3-16 3-79 2-23 1-60 1-44 1-32 1-25 1-05 1-10 0-98 0-72 0-59 Feet. 1-96 2-04 2-00 1-95 1-84 1-865 2-40 2-47 2-28 2-52 2-22 2-84 4-15 3-76 4-305 3-00 2-51 2-35 2-32 2-32 2-16 2-13 2-10 1-91 1-97 Sec.-ft. 92-3 Jan. 29 138-98 Feb. 12 .< 129-4 Feb. 24 « 116-13 Mar. 8 « 88-0 Mar 23 <• 107-5 Apr. 4 (1 361-47 Mav 2 H. C. Ritchie 481-14 May 6 F R. Burfield 365-99 May 20 527-83 11 357-64 June 24 « 881-4 July 8 u 2,227-41 July 16 « 1,721-83 July 26 H.O.Brown 2,470-59 July 31 F. R. Burfield 972-72 Aug. 10 564-86 Aug. 24 n 480-41 Sept. 7 X 421-32 Sept. 24 >1 400-30 Oct. 7 « 300-18 Oct. 22 . i< 326-00 Nov. 2 « 290-50 11 180-40 Dec. 16 » 123-00 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Elbow River at Calgary, for 1912. Day. January. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 1-99 1-95 1-69 1-62 1-66 1-75 1-72 1-68 1-74 1-79 1-88 1-96 1-96 1-96 1-99 2-02 1-99 2-00 2-04 1-99 1-95 1-96 1-95 1-93 1-98 2-00 2-01 2-01 2-01 2-00 2-00 Sec.-ft. 126 116 51 34 43 65 58 48 53 75 198 119 119 119 126 134 126 129 139 126 116 119 116 124 124 129 132 1.32 132 129 129 Feet. 2-01 2-00 2-10 *2-46 2-03 1-97 1-96 1-97 1-96 1-98 1-98 1-97 1-97 1-97 ♦2-25 1-96 1-96 •2-73 1-98 1-93 1-94 1-94 1-95 1-94 •2-42 1-90 1-91 1-91 1-89 Sec.-ft. 132 129 1.55 150 137 121 119 121 119 124 124 121 121 121 120 119 119 121 124 111 113 113 116 113 110 103 106 106 100 Feet. 1-94 1-76 1-95 1-75 1-84 1-92 1-83 1-86 1-94 1-95 1-95 1-95 1-97 1-93 1-94 1-99 2-16 2-03 1-91 1-91 1-86 1-86 tl-95 1-96 1-96 1-96 1-97 2-00 2-02 1-98 2-29 Sec.-ft. 113 67 116 65 87 108 85 93 113 116 116 116 121 111 113 126 171 137 106 106 93 93 116 130 150 165 175 190 210 205 300 Feet. 2-28 2-33 2-46 2-38 2-64 2-05 2-03 2-13 2-15 2- 19 2-14 2-01 2-04 2-05 2-40 2-37 2-35 2-30 2-20 2-09 2-08 2-06 2-05 2-06 2-05 2-04 2-04 2-01 206 2-18 Sec.-ft. 305 330 370 365 300 190 180 230 245 265 245 185 205 210 400 390 375 350 295 230 225 220 215 220 215 210 210 200 222 287 Feet. 2-70 12-47 2-44 2-41 2-38 2-20 2-25 2-29 2-34 2-25 2-20 2-11 2-06 2-16 2-20 2-47 2 -.50 2-50 2-49 2-49 2-45 2-49 2-54 2-53 2-44 2-39 2-53 2-55 2-46 2-44 2-36 Sec.-ft. 540 480 460 440 420 335 370 398 433 370 335 281 255 311 335 528 550 550 542 542 512 .542 582 574 505 468 574 590 520 505 447 Feet. 2-31 2-26 2-17 2-19 2-15 2-14 2-14 2-15 2-14 2-14 2-21 2-21 2-17 2-46 3-26 5-36 4-88 4-56 4-01 3-59 3-36 3-10 2-94 2-79 2-72 2-70 2-59 2-51 2-47 2-68 Sec.-ft. 412 2 377 3 317 4 329 5 305 6 299 7 299 8 305 9 299 10 299 11 342 12 342 13 317 14 520 15 1,207 16 4,312 17 3,460 18 2,918 19 2,024' 20 1,535 21 1,305 22 23 1,060 916 24 786 25 727 26 710 27 622 28 5.58 29 528 30 694 31 1 Gauge heights were taken at a different time of day. Mean daily discharge is about that given. fChanging conditions . 274 DEPARTME'ST OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Elbow River at Calgary, for 1912. — Concluded. Day. July. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge. September. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. October. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. November. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. December. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 1. 2 I'. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 11. 12. 13. 14 15 16 17. 18. 19 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet. 2-60 2-58 2-61 2-76 2-68 3-01 3-36 3-66 4-61 4-46 4-28 4-16 4-20 4-56 4-17 3-75 3-48 3-26 3-10 3-12 317 3-04 3-32 4-10 5-01 4-28 3-73 3-32 315 3-01 2-94 See.-ft. , Feet. 630 614 638 761 694 979 1,305 1,611 3,008 2,742 2,437 2,245 2,305 2,918 2,260 1,710 1,425 1,207 1,060 1,078 1,123 1,006 1,265 2,155 3,690 2,437 1,688 1,265 1,105 979 916 2-85 2-75 2-74 2-64 2-61 2-, 57 2-54 2-54 2-49 2-45 2-57 2-50 2-46 2-41 2-33 2-38 2-54 2-57 2-52 2-46 2-44 2-37 2-33 2-31 2-41 2-45 2-40 2-53 2-58 2-46 2-35 Sec.-tt. 752 744 662 638 606 582 582 542 512 606 550 520 482 426 461 582 606 566 520 505 454 426 412 482 512 475 574 614 520 440 Feet. Sec.-ft. 440 426 419 447 505 398 419 475 482 535 433 405 377 384 391 370 370 363 342 335 329 412 426 412 405 398 377 356 342 323 Feet. 2-13 Sec.-ft. 323 317 311 305 299 317 311 311 377 356 335 329 363 370 384 387 405 426 377 356 370 281 305 239 299 311 299 299 287 299 293 * Ice conditions after Nov. 1. Feet. Sec.-ft. *168 165 163 163 160 158 155 158 160 160 1,58 158 155 160 155 155 147 144 163 142 139 144 142 142 134 134 139 137 126 113 Feet. Sec.-ft. 90 113 119 110 113 124 144 136 144 136 129 126 1.32 191 121 82 77 74 80 155 146 158 165 1.52 132 116 106 58 Monthly Discharge of Elbow River at Calgary,, for 1912. (Drainage area, 482 square miles.) Month. Di.scH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square Mile. Rcn-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. Total in Acre-feet. January February... March April May June July August September. October November.. December. . The j'ear. . . 139-0 155-0 300-0 400-0 590-0 4,312-0 3,690-0 838-0 535-0 426-0 168-0 1910 34-0 100-0 65-0 180-0 255-0 299-0 614-0 412-0 323-0 281-0 113-0 48-0 106-3 120-2 129-4 263-0 461-0 937-0 1,588-9 554-5 403-2 332-2 149-9 117-7 0-22 0-25 0-27 0-54 0-96 1-94 3-30 1-15 0-84 0-69 0-31 0-24 0-25 0-27 0-31 0-60 1-11 2-16 3-81 1-33 0-93 0-79 0-35 0-28 12-19 6,536 6,914 7,956 15,650 28,346 55,755 97,202 34,095 23,992 20,426 8,820 7,237 312,929 BOW RIVER POWER AND .STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 275 Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of tributaries of Bow River, bv J. C. Keith, in 1909. Date. Stream. September 9 Bighill Creek September 9 Horse Creek September 9 ' Grand ^'alley Creek . September 9 ] Beaupre Creek September 9 Spencer Creek September 9. September 9 . September 10. Ghost River. Jacob Creek.. . Cripple Creek. September 10 Oldfort Creek. Localitv. Width. Sec. 10-26-4-5 Sec. 8-26-4-5 Sec. 24-26-5-5 Sec. 15-26-5-5 Sec. 17-26-5-5 Sec. 24-26-6-5 On Stony Indian Re- serve, near mouth On Stony Indian Re- serve, near mouth On Stony Indian Re- serve, ne.ir mouth Feet. 10 4 11-6 Area of section. Sq.-ft. 5-75 217 153- 1-29 6-06 Discharge. Sec.-ft. 6-4 Drv. 0-80 Drv. 1-8S 303- Dry. 0-73 10.57 MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. Miscellaneous Discharge Measurements of Nose Creek, near Calgary, Alta., in 1909. Date. 1 ! Area Hydrographer. , LoeaUty. Width. of i • section. Discharge. Julv 19 J. C. Keith N. W. 13-24-1-5 Feet. Sq -ft. 19 15-8 Sec.-ft. 23-4 September 2 9 9-3 4-0 4-2 5-8 5-7 Miscellaneous Discharge ^Measurements of Bow River, in 1909. Date. Hydrographer. LocaUty. Width. Arei secti' September 8 ' J. C. Keith. . . September 10 do October 20 P. M. Sauder. Feet. 1 Sq -ft. Scc.-ft. Road aUowance E. of sec 34-25-4-5 305 813 4,017 Mork'v bridge on Stony Indian Reserve 178-5 966 3,390 Intake S.A.L.Co., S.E. 31-21-25-4 336 887 2,874 Discharge Measuremkxts of Nose Creek, near Calgary, in 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Mean Gauge Section. Velocity. Height. ' Feet. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. 1 Feet. 16-0 5-8 1-08 1-59 j 24-5 31-9 1-65 2-00 23-5 25-2 1-32 1-85 22-5 21-7 0-80 1-75 18-9 14-6 0-44 1-65 1 14-6 7-9 066 1-56 161 9-7 0-91 1-66 16-3 10-7 0-63 1-65 16-9 44-5 0-21 1-67 Discharge. May 5. May 17. May 29. June 8. July 5. H. C. Ritchie. do do B. Russell do Aug. 2 H. T. Thomas. Aug. 24 I H.Brown Sept. 13 do Sept. 27 do Sec.-ft. 6-2 .52.9 33-2 17-4 6-4 5-2 8-8 6-7 9-3 276 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Nose Creek, near Calgary, Alta., for 1911. Day. April. May. June. July. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 1-62 1-64 1-60 1-62 1-60 1-70 1-71 - 1-65 1-68 1-63 1-63 1-65 1-76 1-80 1-75 1-80 2-20 2-10 1-90 1-80 1-82 1-73 1-80 1-85 1-70 1-68 1-79 1-88 1-83 1-77 Sec.-ft. 7-2 7-9 6-5 7-2 6-5 11-5 12-7 8-3 10-2 7-6 7-6 8-3 18-6 23-6 17-4 23-6 85-3 69-1 37-6 23-6 26-3 15-0 23-6 30-4 11-5 10-2 22-4 34-7 27-7 19-9 Feet. 1-74 1-70 1-75 1-76 1-70 1-68 1-70 1-76 1-75 1-73 1-69 1-65 1-68 2-35 2-30 2-15 1-89 1-90 1-75 1-65 1-63 1-60 1-63 2-00 2-32 2-25 1-80 1-73 1-73 Sec.-ft. 16-2 11-5 17-4 18-6 11-5 10-2 11-5 18-6 17-4 15-0 10-9 8-3 10-2 1100 102-0 77-2 36-2 37-6 17-4 8-3. 7-6 6-5 7-6 52-9 105 93-5 23-6 150 150 Feet. 1-75 1-73 1-65 1-65 1-60 1-62 1-60 1-58 1-63 1-67 1-70 1-66 1-70 1-68 1-63 1-57 1-59 1-63 1-68 1-71 1-68 1-65 1-70 1-67 1-65 1-63 1-60 1-60 1-59 1-58 1-58 Sec.-ft. 17-4 2 150 3 8-3 4 8-3 5 6-5 6 7-2 7 6-5 8 5-9 9 7-6 10 9-6 11 11-5 12 8-9 13 11-5 14 10-2 15 7-6 16 5-7 17 6-2 18 7-6 19 10-2 20 12-7 21 10-2 22. 8-3 23 11-5 i-75 1-78 1-73 1-68 1-65 1-65 1-60 17-4 2M 15-0 10-2 8-3 8-3 6-5 9-6 25. 8-3 26 7-6 6-5 28 6-5 6-2 30 1-75 17-4 5-9 31 1-75 17-4 5-9 1 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 277 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height axd Discharge of Nose Creek, near Calgary, Alta., for 1911. — Continued. D.^T. August. September. October. November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- 1 charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 1-60 1-60 1-60 1-64 1-70 1-68 1-72 1-85 1-93 1-79 1-78 1-75 1-66 1-65 1-70 1-75 1-80 1-75 1-75 1-71 1-68 1-68 1-67 1-69 1-71 1-75 1-73 1-75 1-70 1-68 1-65 Sec.-ft. 6-5 6-5 6-5 7-9 11-5 10-2 13-9 30-4 42-1 22-4 21-1 17-4 8-9 8-3 11-5 17-4 23-6 17-4 17-4 12-7 10-2 10-2 9-6 10-9 12-7 17-4 15-0 17-4 11-5 10-2 8-3 Feet. 1-65 1-65 1-66 1-75 1-75 1-70 1-69 1-67 1-65 1-67 1-67 1-68 1-68 1-67 1-68 1-65 1-64 1-65 1-65 1-65 1-66 1-68 1-70 1-69 1-68 1-65 1-65 1-65 1-66 1-66 Sec.-ft. 8-3 8-3 8-9 17-4 17-4 11-5 10-9 9-6 8-3 9-6 9-6 10-2 10-2 9-6 10-2 8-3 7-9 8-3 8-3 8-3 8-9 10-2 11-5 10-9 10-2 8-3 8-3 8-3 8-9 8-9 Feet. 1-65 1-66 1-66 1-67 1-66 1-66 1-65 1-65 1-65 1-65 1-65 1-64 1-63 1-62 1-61 1-60 1-60 1-59 1-58 1-59 1-59 1-60 1-62 1-63 1-63 1-61 1-61 1-60 1-59 1-59 1-58 Sec.-ft. 8-3 8-9 8-9 9-6 8-9 8-9 8-3 8-3 8-3 8-3 8-3 7-9 7-6 7-2 6-9 6-5 6-5 6-2 5-9 6-2 6-2 6-5 7-2 7-6 7-6 5-9 6-9 6-5 6-2 6-2 5-9 Feet. 1-58 1-58 1-59 1-60 1-58 1-58 1-57 1-57 1-57 1-57 1-57 1-57 1-57 1-57 1-57 Sec.-ft. 5-9 2 5-9 3 6-2 4 6-5 5 5-9 6 5-9 7 5-7 8 5-7 9 5-7 10 5-7 11 5-7 12 5-7 13 5-7 14 5-7 15 . 5-7 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 28 30 31 1 Monthly Discharge of Nose Creek, near Calgary, Alta., for 1911. (Drainage area, 294 square miles.) Month. April 24-30. May June July August Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. September October November 1-15. The period 211 85-3 1100 17-4 42- 1 17-4 9-6 6-5 6-5 6-5 6-5 5-7 6-5 7-9 5-9 5-7 Mean. 12-4 20-6 30-3 8-7 14-4 9-8 7-4 5-8 Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage 0-042 0-070 0-103 0-030 0-049 0-033 0-025 0-020 0-01 0-08 012 0-03 0-06 0-04 0-03 0-01 0-38 Total in acre-feet. 172 1,267 1,803 535 885 583 455 173 5,873 278 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Nose Creek, near Calgary, in 1912. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Mav 4 H. C. Ritchie Feet. 23-5 24 22-1 20 50-1 31-5 25 21 25 25 24 23 25 24-5 23 Sq. ft. 28-95 25-12 18-88 15-80 16-51 38-67 26-9 15-95 26-95 31-65 24-35 23-20 29-0 25-6 23-4 Ft. per sec. 1-98 2-16 0-98 0-23 1-35 1-23 0-81 0-64 0-58 2-12 1-30 1-11 1-65 119 0-84 Feet. 2-04 1-90 1-60 1-40 1-74 1-91 1-75 1-66 1-72 2-04 1-84 1-87 2-01 1-92 1-81 Sec.-ft. 57-26 May 8 F. R. Burfield 54-34 Mav 27 do 18-44 June 10 do 3-62 June 20 do 22-23 July 17 do 47-72 Julv 30 do 21-72 Aug. 9 do 10-25 Aug. 23 Sept. 7 15-65 do 66-97 Sept. 21 do 31-58 Oct. 5 do 25-67 Oct. 19 do 47-90 Oct 30— do 30-50 Nov. 16 do 19-68 Note. — These gaugings were made at wading sections below gauge, gauging section. Width, area, and mean ve locity refer to 'actual Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Xose Creek, near Calgary, for 1912. March. Day. April. Mav. June. JuK Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 2-10 2-00 2-15 2-10 2-00 1-90 1-90 1-95 1-97 1-95 1-93 1-85 1-90 1-85 1-80 1-77 1-75 1-79 1-75 1-73 1-73 1-70 1-70 1-68 1-68 1-65 1-63 1-63 1-60 1-73 Sec.-ft. 69 53 77 69 53 38 38 45 48 45 42 30 38 30 24 20 17-4 22 17-4 15-0 15-0 11-5 11-5 10-1 10-1 8-3 7-6 7-6 6-5 150 Feet. 1-95 1-95 2-00 2-02 2-02 2-03 2-00 1-95 1-82 1-85 1-73 1-70 1-67 1-62 1-58 1-57 1-58 1-60 1-81 1-85 1-92 1-83 1-80 1-78 1-78 1-70 1-68 1-68 1-66 1-63 1-60 Sec.-ft. 45 45 53 56 60 66 65 62 43 47 32 28 25 19-7 16-1 15-2 16-1 17-8 42 47 57 44 40 38 38 28 26 25 23 20 17 Feet. 1-58 1-58 1-59 1-58 1-58 1-57 1-57 1-55 1-52 1-50 1-50 1-52 1-52 1-60 1-73 1-95 2-23 2-05 1-81 1-73 1-70 1-68 1-64 1-61 1-60 1-58 1-63 1-60 1-62 1-65 Sec.-ft. 15-1 14-9 15-7 14-6 14-2 130 12-6 10-7 8-5 8-0 7-1 7-4 7-0 10-5 22 43* 75' 70 30 18-8 15-5 13-9 10-9 9-1 8-5 7-5 10-3 8-5 9-7 11-5 Feet. 1-70 1-74 1-78 1-76 1-73 1-80 1-83 1-83 1-95 2-09 2-00 1-93 2-13 2-20 2-13 2-00 1-93 1-90 1-87 2-06 2-05 1-95 1-94 1-90 2-22 1-92 1-84 1-82 1-80 1-75 1-74 Sec.-ft. 15-5 2 19-9 3. 25 4 22 5 18-8 6 28 7 32 8 32 9 45* 10 65* 11 58* 12 49 13 82 14 82* 15 82 16 60 17 49 18 44 19 39 20 70 21 68 22 52 23 50 24 44 25 80* 26 2-20 2-25 2-20 2-00 2-12 2-15 85 94 85 53 72 77 46 27 34 28 31 29 28 30 21 31 19 9 im Note.— Shifting conditions May 4 to May 8, and May 27 to June 20. *Bow River backing up to gauge. Discharge estimated. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 279 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height axd Discharge of Nose Creek, near Calgary, for 1912. Day. Aug ust. September. October. Xovember. Gauge i Dis- Height.] charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge 1 Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Dis- Height . charge. 1 Feet. 1-72 1-70 1-68 1-66 1-70 1-70 1-69 i-68 1-67 1-67 1-72 1-70 1-70 1-70 1-70 1-74 1-85 1-90 1-88 1-85 Sec. -ft. 17-7 15-5 13-9 12-3 15-5 15-5 14-7 13-9 131 13-1 17-7 15-5 15-5 15-5 15-5 19-9 36 44 40 SB Feet. 2-10 2-10 2-12 2-09 2-05 2-02 2-05 2-11 2-14 2-13 2-09 2-03 2-02 1-98 1-95 1-93 1-89 1-86 1-86 1-85 1-85 1-86 1-88 1-94 1-93 1-92 1-91 1-90 1-88 1-87 Feet. 77 77 SO 75 68 64 68 78 S3 82 75 65 64 57 52 49 42 37 37 36 36 37 39 48 45 43 40 38 34 31 Gauge Sec. -ft. 1-87 30 1-87 29 1-86 27 1-86 26 1-86 25 1-85 24 1-85 24 1-90 30 1-94 35 Feet. Sec.-fi. 1-78 17-4 2 1-73 13-8 3 1-70 , 12-0 4 1-63 ' 8-7 5 1-68 j 11-0 6 1-74 14-4 7. 1-86 25 8.. . 1-89 2S d 1-83 22 10. . . 1-95 1-99 2-01 2-02 2-04 2-03 204 2-02 2-04 2-00 1-96 1-93 1-90 1-85 1-82 1-80 1-78 1-7S 1-79 1-81 1-80 1-78 37 43 46 48 51 52 ol 4S 51 44 38 34 30 24 21 19-0 17-4 17-4 18-2 19-9 19-0 17-4 1-79 18-2 11.. . . 1-73 1-75 1-80 1-83 1-83 13-S 12 15-0 13 19-0 14 15 16 ; 17 22 22 18 19 20 21. 22. 1-75 21 1-72 17-7 1-74 19-9 24 27 29.;;;;;;::;:;!!:;;;:;;;;::;:;::;:::::;:;;;:;::;;;: 30 31 1-85 1-83 1-88 1-89 2-31 36 32 40 42 62 so 1 ■1.11 ~s Note. — Shifting conditions Sept. 21 to Oct. 5. ^Monthly Discharge of Xose Creek, near Calgary, for 1912. (Drainage area, 284 square miles). Month. March (26-31) April May June July August September October November (1-15). The period DiscH.\RGE I.N Second-Feet. Rln-Off. Maximum. 53 6-5 15-2 7-0 15-5 12-3 31 17-4 8-7 77-7 29-8 37-3 17-5 44-9 27-6 55-2 32-1 17-5 0-264 0-101 0-127 0-060 0-153 0-094 0-188 0 109 0-060 Depth in inches on . Total in Drainage Acre-feet. Area. 006 0-11 0-15 0-07 0-18 0-11 0-21 0-13 0-03 1-05 925 1.773 2.294 1,041 2.761 1.697 3.285 1,974 .521 16,271 280 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Canal near Calgary, Alta., for 1909. Dat. May. June. July. August. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 210 2-10 2-10 2-70 2-80 2-80 2-50 2-40 2-00 1-80 1-60 1-50 1-50 1-50 1-50 1-50 1-50 1-50 1-50 1-50 2-10 3-30 3-20 1-90 1-70 1-70 Sec.-ft. 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 179 196 196 146 130 73 50 31 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 86 284 266 61 40 40 Feet. 2-00 2-00 1-50 1-50 1-40 1-30 1-60 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-90 1-80 1-80 1-80 1-80 2-10 2-10 2-00 2-20 2-70 3-50 3-50 3-50 3-50 3-50 3-50 3-50 3-60 3-70 3-80 3-50 Sec.-ft. ,3 73 24 24 17 12 31 61 61 61 61 50 50 50 50 86 86 73 99 179 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 338 356 374 320 Feet. 3-50 3-50 3-50 3-40 3-40 3-40 3-40 3-40 3-50 3-60 3-60 3-60 3-60 3-60 3-60 3-60 3-60 3-50 3-50 3-20 3-20 2-90 3-20 3-50 3-50 3-50 3-50 3-50 2-90 1-50 1-50 Sec.-ft. 320 320 320 302 302 302 302 302 320 338 338 338 338 338 338 338 338 320 320 266 266 213 266 320 320 320 320 320 213 24 24 Feet. 1-50 3-50 3-50 4-10 4-30 4-10 1-90 MO 3-20 3-20 3-50 3-00 2-80 3-10 3-20 3-00 3-20 3-00 3-20 3-20 3-20 2-90 1-60 2-30 3-20 3-20 3-20 2-60 2-40 1-70 Sec.-ft. 24 320 320 430 468 430 61 3 266 266 320 230 196 248 266 230 266 230 266 266 266 213 31 114 266 266 266 162 130 40 Feet. 3-20 3-20 3-20 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 1-80 1-40 1-30 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-00 1-00 1-00 1-00 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-80 0-80 0-80 0-80 0-80 Sec.-ft. 266 2 266 3 0-00 1-80 1-90 2-70 2-70 2-80 2-80 2-90 3-10 3-10 3-20 3-40 2-40 2-30 2-20 2-10 2-20 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-30 2-00 2-00 2-00 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 2-10 00 50 61 179 179 196 196 213 248 248 266 302 130 114 99 86 99 114 114 114 114 73 73 73 86 86 86 86 86 266 4 86 5 86 6 86 7 86 8 86 9 86 10 11 50 17 12 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 0 24 0 25 0 26 0 27 0 28 0 29 30 31 0 0 0 . Discharge Measurements of Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Canal near Calgary, Alta., in 1908-1909. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Mean velocity. Gauge height. Dis- charge. 1908. May 12 H. R. Carscallen do Feet. 49-5 46-5 46-5 52-0 51-5 45-0 48-0 50-0 560 56-5 55-5 Sq. ft. 84 60 62 103 111 62 84 97 159 165 175 Ft. per sec. 0-74 0-27 0-26 0-95 1-27 0-36 0-82 0-98 1-89 1-92 1-94 Feet. 2-19 1-625 1-64 2-45 2-47 1-47 1-975 2-20 3-40 3-48 3-70 Sec.-ft. 63 July 22 16 do 15-8 October 1 H.C. Ritchie P. M. Sauder 98 1909. June 11 141 June 25 J. C. Keith 22 July3 do 69 July 17 do 96 do 301 August 30 do 318 September 18 do 341 BOW RIVER POWER AyD STORAGE 281 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Canal near Calgary, Alta., for 1908. D.\T. May. June. Jul y. August. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge 1 Height. Dis- Gauge charge. 1 Height. Dis- * charge. Gauge 1 Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec. -ft. Feet. 2-30 2-30 1-40 1-10 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-80 0-80 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-90 0-90 2-20 2-80 2-90 3-00 3-00 3-00 3 00 ^3-90 Sec.-ft. 86 86 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 73 161 178 196 196 196 196 357 Feet. 4-00 4-10 4-20 4-20 4-20 4-10 4-10 4-10 4-10 2-90 1-70 1-40 1-40 1-30 1-20 1-20 1-10 1-10 2-60 2-60 2-60 2-20 3-90 3-90 3-90 3-40 3-30 3-30 3-20 3-20 3-20 Sec.-ft. 376 395 414 414 414 395 395 395 395 178 23 5 5 2 1 1 0 0 129 129 129 73 357 357 357 266 248 248 231 231 231 Feet. 310 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-10 3-00 3-00 3-00 2-90 3-00 3-00 3-10 3-10 3-00 3-00 3-00 3-00 3-00 Sec.-ft. 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 213 196 196 196 178 196 196 213 213 196 196 196 196 196 Feet. 3-00 1-70 1-60 1-60 1-60 2-60 2-60 2-70 2-40 1-50 1-50 1-80 1-90 210 2-80 2-00 1-40 1-00 1-50 1-40 1-60 1-60 1-80 1-80 1-90 2-50 2-50 2-50 2-50 2-50 Sec.-ft. 196 23 16 16 16 129 129 144 100 10 10 31 40 61 161 50 5 0 10 5 16 16 31 31 40 114 114 114 114 114 Feet. 2-50 1-40 2-50 2-50 2-50 1-40 1-00 2-50 3-60 3-40 3-40 3-40 3-40 3-40 3-50 3-60 3-60 3-60 2-50 1-50 1-50 1-00 0-90 0-80 0-80 0-80 0-80 0-80 0-80 0-80 0-80 Sec.-ft. 114 2 3 .... 114 4 114 5 114 6 5 7 0 8 2-50 2-50 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-30 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 114 114 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 86 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 114 9 302 10 266 11 266 12 266 13 266 14 15 266 284 16 302 17 302 18 19 302 114 20 10 21 22 23 10 0 0 24 25 26 27 0 0 0 0 28 0 29 0 30 0 31 0 Discharge Measurements of Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Canal near Calgary, in 1910. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of section. Mean velocity. Gauge height. Discharge. May 9 May 21 J. C. Keith Feet. 54-5 63-5 55-0 55-5 56-0 56-0 56-0 55-5 60-7 11-0 Sq. ft. 156-9 70-02 133-27 200-98 226-46 220-78 184-73 150-32 206-79 5-48 Ft. per sec. 1-78 2-2 1-54 2-15 2-15 2-226 1-87 1-54 1-9 0-651 Feet. 2-4 1-55 2-0 3-3 3-64 3-6 2-7 2-245 3-01 0-45 Sec.-ft. 279-46 do 154-18 do 205-25 June 27 do 4.32-28 July 13 do 486-75 Aug 8 do 491-5 Aug. 27 do 343-45 Sept. 10 do 231-7 Oct. 3 H. R. Car.scalien 391-94 Oct. 14 do 3-57 282 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Canal near Calgary, for 1910. Day. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 1-8 1-8 1-75 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-75 1-9 2-35 2-4 1-65 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 lo 1-4 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-9 1-9 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-0 2-0 2-0 2-0 Sec.-ft. 186 186 178 Feet. 2-0 1-25 n.9.'; Sec.-ft. 216 106 171 0-65 171 ' 1-3 28 113 171 178 201 271 279 163 156 1-6 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-8 o-na 156 - 171 8 .::;::!::::::;: 171 q 171 in 171 11 186 12 224 13 141 , 2-1 141 1 0■^ 231 14 231 15 141 141 141 141 127 141 141 2-0 2-7 2-7 0-0 1-85 1-6 9.n 216 16 328 17 328 18 19 194 20 ; 156 91 216 00 141 5.5 247 23 201 201 247 247 247 216 216 216 216 2-2 2-5 2-65 3-05 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-35 247 24 ; 295 or, ; 320 2t) 388 97 .X 1-8 1-8 1-9 1-85 186 186 201 193 432 98 432 9q . . . -. 432 30 '. 441 31 BOW RJTER POWER AND STORAGE 283 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Canal near Calgary, for 1910. — Continued. Day. July. Aug ust. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Dis- Height . ! charge . Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 1 Feet. 3-4 3-45 3-0 3^9 4^15 4-3 4^3 4^3 4^3 4^3 4-0 3^7 3-7 3^85 4^3 4^5 4^35 4-3 3-8 3-7 3^7 3^7 3-6 3-8 4^05 4-0 4^1 4^05 4^0 3^8 3-8 Sec.-ft. 449 458 485 539 586 615 615 615 615 615 558 503 503 530 615 653 625 615 521 503 503 503 485 521 567 558 577 567 558 521 521 Feet. 38 3^8 3^6 36 36 3^6 3^6 3^6 3^6 36 309 2-54 2 53 2^25 2^25 2-2 2^0 2^15 2-3 2^25 2^2 2^2 2^35 2^6 2^65 2-7 3 05 3^5 3-0 3^0 3-0 Sec.-ft. 521 521 485 485 485 485 485 485 485 485 395 302 300 255 255 247 216 240 263 255 247 247 271 312 320 328 388 467 379 379 379 Feet. 2^3 2-3 2-25 2^35 2^35 2^35 2-3 2^3 2^3 2-3 2-35 2-33 1^65 1-0 1^0 ■92 ■93 ■95 1-8 2-52 238 2-5 2^0 2-0 2-0 20 1-97 195 2^35 2-75 Sec.-ft. 263 263 255 271 271 271 263 263 263 263 271 268 164 72 72 62 63 66 186 299 276 295 216 216 216 216 212 209 271 337 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2^77 340 2 2-85 354 3 2^9 362 4 3^0 379 2-65 ; 320 6.. 2-15 240 7 1-62 1 159 8 •80 1 46 9 •55 17 10 •35 * 11 12 13 . . 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 . 22 23 24 25 .' 26 27 28 29 30 31 * Canal closed for the season. Monthly Discharge of Canadian Pacific Raihvav Calgary, for 1910. Company's Canal near Month. DlSCH.\RGE IX SeCON d-Feet. Total Di.scharge in acre-feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. April (27-30) 201 297 432 653 .521 337 379 186 141 191^5 184-3 228-2 55b 6 366-7 221-1 221-7 1.519 Mav 11,333 June .' 13,578 July 449 216 62 33,918 22,547 September 12,055 October (1-10) 4,396 T\,n r>»rinr1 99,346 284 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Canal near Calgary, Alta., for 1911. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Gauge Velocity. Height. Discharge. Apr 17 H. C. Ritchie Feet. 63-0 64-5 44-5 53-0 59-5 56-4 46-5 56-2 50-0 Sq. ft. 57-9 85-8 45-6 87-3 190-4 101-2 55-8 125-3 75-8 Ft. per sec. 2-35 2-47 1-26 1-84 2-11 1-44 Feet. i-87 2-60 3-75 2-60 Sec.-ft. 136-3* 212-1* May. .18 do 57-6 B. Russell do 161-1 July 10 401-5t H. T. Thomas 145 -St Aug. 24 Sept. 13 Sept. 22 1-27 2-00 2-30 3-29 1-61 2-40 70-8 do 288-8 122-3 * Gauging made at a wading section near the intake. Water was turned into the canal for a few days in April to fill the pool in the canal. J Gauging made at a bridge (No. 1.) on the north side of Sec. 36, Tp. 23, Rge. 1, W. 5th Mer. Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Canal near Calgary, Alta., for 1911. Day. April. May. June. July. August. September. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 2-10 2-40 3-10 3-00 3-00 3-00 3-00 3-00 3-00 3-00 3-00 2-80 2-60 2-70 2-55 2-45 2-25 2-15 1-70 2-65 2-60 2-60 2-25 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-22 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-30 Sec.-ft. 83 122 248 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 228 189 154 171 146 130 101 89 43 162 154 154 101 95 95 95 97 95 95 95 108 Feet. 2-40 2-43 2-47 2-87 2-57 2-57 2-57 2-57 2-52 2-50 2-58 2-56 2-70 2-90 2-95 2-95 3-55 3-53 3-53 . 3-80 3-80 3-95 3-95 4-00 3-45 3-45 3-45 3-45 3-20 3-20 Sec.-ft. 122 127 •133 t202 149 149 149 149 141 138 151 148 171 208 218 218 253 347 347 415 415 454 454 467 328 328 328 328 270 270 Feet. 3-15 3-15 3-15 3-15 3-15 3-15 3-10 3-00 3-00 3-75 3-85 3-60 3-60 3-40 3-40 3-40 3-45 3-45 3-45 3-45 3-45 3-00 3-00 3-00 2-95 2-90 2-70 2-70 2-70 2-60 2-60 Sec.-ft. 259 259 259 259 259 259 248 228 228 402 428 364 364 316 316 316 328 328 328 328 328 228 228 228 218 208 171 171 171 154 154 Feet. 2-60 2-60 2-60 2-60 2-60 2-75 2-85 2-80 2-80 2-75 2-75 2-75 2-80 2-90 2-80 2-60 2-50 2-50 2-50 2-50 2-50 2-45 2-45 2-25 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-20 2-00 2-00 2-00 Sec.-ft. 154 154 154 154 154 180 198 189 189 180 180 180 189 208 189 154 138 138 138 138 138 130 130 101 95 95 95 95 71 71 71 Feet. 2 25 Sec.-ft. 101 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 0 30 35 80 90 90 85 50 90 85 85 85 10 15 15 00 85 85 85 80 50 40 40 40 40 80 85 75 108 3 115 4 415 5 441 6 441 7 .... 428 8 340 9 208 10 198 11 198 12 198 13 248 14 259 15 259 16 228 17 198 18 198 19 198 20 189' 21 138 22 122 23 122 24 122 25 122 26 .415x 27 428x 28 0-00 29 1 30 1-65 39 31 •Opened one gate at 7-00 p.m. tClo.sed one gate at 8-30 p.m. xWater shut off :it intake for the sea.son. Note — Water was turned into the canal for a tew days about the middle of April to fill the pool in the canal. Canal was opened for the irrigation season on April 30. Gauge heights from April 30 to May 17 were interpolated from observations made at bridge No. 2. BOW RIVKR POWER AXD STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 285 Monthly Discharge of Canadian Pacific Railway Company's Canal near Calgary, Alta., for 1911. Discharge in Second-Feet. Month. Maximum. Minimum Mean. Total Discharge in acre-feet. April (30) May June July August September (1-28). The period (April 30 to Sept. 28). 39 248 467 428 208 441 39 43 122 154 71 0 39 150 256 269 144 230 77 9,223 15,233 16,540 8,854 12,774 62,701 Discharge Measuremexts of C.P.R. Main Canal 1912. 'A" at Bridge No. 1, in Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Sectijon. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 4 May 8 May 25 June 10 June 20 July 10 Julv 17 Julv 30 Aug. 9 Aug. 23 Sept. 7 Sept. 21 Oct. 5 H. C. Ritchie.. F. R. Burfield. do do do do do do do do do do do Feet. 49-5 47-5 55-5 56-6 57-0 58-5 55-0 55-0 54-5 59-5 53-5 59-0 Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. 79-5 68-3 118-2 118-3 120-2 142-4 118-4 114-2 113-2 167-4 106-4 163-5 1-03 0-90 1-25 1-54 1-54 1-51 1-52 1-42 1-47 1-91 1-33 1-80 Feet. 2-06 1-S2 2-61 2-75 2-85 2-85 2-75 2-64 2-66 3-66 2 -.50 3-54 110 Sec.-ft. 81-85 61-42 148-39 181-84 185-87 214.5 180-01 161-81 166-02 320-23 141-16 293-26 Nil. Discharge Measurements of C.P.R. Main Canal "A" at Bridge No. 3, in 1912. Date. Hydrographer. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 4 H. C. Ritchie Feet. 48-0 42-5 50-0 52-5 52-3 53-0 53-5 .53-0 52-5 ,56-9 51-5 55-5 Sq. ft. 63-9 42-3 92-8 96-8 102-4 121-9 101-7 95-8 97-1 150-9 93-1 142-0 Ft. per .'iec. 1-52 0-96 1-82 2-03 2-03 1-91 1-94 1-89 1-75 2-22 1-68 2-05 Feet. Sec.-ft. 97-19 May 8 F. R. Burfield 39-76 May 25 do 168-60 June 10 do ■"■2-97 ' ■ 302 2-85 2-75 2-84 3-77 2-75 3-5S 196-88 June 20 do ... 208-26 July 10 do 233-35 July 17 do .... 197-59 July .30 do 171-26 Aug. 9 do 169-61 Aug. 23 do 335-59 Sept. 7 do 156-53 Sept. 21 do 291-51 25e— 20 286 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Daily Gauge Height and Discharge of C.P.R. Main Canal "A" near Calgary, for 1912. Day. April. Gauge Height. Feet. 2-00 2-20 1-80 2-50 2-50 3-00 3-00 3-00 Di.<- charce Sec.-;t 82 106 61 146 146 217 217 217 oauge T eight. Feet. Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 247 132 132 118 71 71 51 94 94 118 118 132 132 146 174 174 174 146 146 132 132 146 146 146 146 146 160 167 167 160 June. Gauge Height. Feet. Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 2-65 167 2-60 160 2-65 167 3-00 217 300 217 2-90 202 2-90 202 2-80 188 2-90 202 2-70 174 3-15 240 3-20 247 3-20 247 3-40 277 3-20 247 3-10 232 2-70 174 2-70 174 2-70 174 2-60 160 2-60 160 2-80 188 3-10 232 3-70 322 4-00 368 4-10 384 410 384 3-60 307 3-10 232 3-10 232 July. August. Gauge Dis- ' Gauge Height, charge. Height. Feet. Sec.-ft. 2-60 232 217 202 202 217 202 202 217 202 188 174 174 174 174 174 174 174 181 174 181 146 146 146 146 188 174 160 160 146 146 160 Feet. Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 146 146 146 146 160 160 160 146 146 160 217 217 217 217 217 262 262 262 262 262 232 232 262 232 232 202 188 94 94 94 94 September. Gauge Height. Feet. Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 132 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 174 262 368 217 188 202 202 217 262 292 292 292 292 292 262 247 232 232 t 66 *Headgates opened. tHeadgates closed. Monthly Discharge of C.P.R. Main Canal "A" near Calgary, for 1912. DlSCH.\RGE IN second-Feet. RuN- Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. ^^'^^^^'^ Depth in inches on Drainag? Area. Total in .\cre-feet. April (23-30) 217 247 61 140 2.225 Mav 138 229 179 189 210 8.485 384 160 232 146 262 94 368 1 66 j 13,626 Julv 11,006 1 11,621 September (1-28) 11.662 The period 58,625 BOW KIVER POWER AXD ,sTORAGE 287 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e D\iLY Discharge of Bow River from records at Morley and Horseshoe Falls, 1910. Day. Jan. Feb. March. April. May. June. 1 .... Sec.-ft. Sec.-ft. 905* 685* 1,130* 813* 760* Sec.-ft. Sec.-ft. 757* 861* 710* 815* 804* Sec.-ft. Sec.-ft. 6,910 9 7,660 3 .. 7.195 4 6,635 5 949* 6,115 6 .. 6.500 1,648* 795* 825* 1,456* 907* 765* 802* 805* 837* 800* 7.830 8 843* 8,175 9 7,660 10 790* 904' 1,015* 1,058* 7,660 11 9,070 1' 860 12,475 1.3 . 802* 639* 12,680 14 1.447* 1,262* 1,021' 10,640 15 699* 682* 738* 755' 725* 955* 875* 833* 10.040 16 11,245 17 .. 11,860 18 13,090 19 .... 755' i 11,245 20 1,438' 1,738* 1,761* 1,701* 1,910* 2,760* 11.245 971* 675* 12,680 22 979* 1,105' 1.011' 1,110* 1,010* 11,450 9,840 24 8,525 8,350 10,240 10,440 9,070 7,660 7,050 6.500 7,830 8,700 27 ' 9,840 914* 830* 786* 812* 10,840 29 1 10,840 30 ! - 9,840 972* *Discharge from records kept by the Calgary Power Co. at Horseshoe Falls. The remainder are from records of the Irrigation Branch taken at Morley. 25e— 20^ 288 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Discharge of Bow River from records at Morley and Horseshoe Falls, 1910. — Continued. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 1 Sec.-ft. 9,255 9,440 8,350 8,175 8,000 8,000 7,830 8,000 8,175 7,830 7,830 8,175 8,700 9,255 9,255 9,640 9,070 9,440 8,885 8,175 7,830 7,660 7,340 7,050 6,240 6,370 5,990 5,760 5,990 5,921 5,990 Sec.-ft. 5,185 5,070 4,850 4,740 5.415 6,500 6,635 6,500 6,115 6,115 5,875 5,875 5,760 5,645 5,530 5,300 4,960 4,740 4,630 4,410 4,410 4,305 4,200 4,095 3,685 3,485 3,305 3,305 3,115 2.986 2.952 Sec.-ft. 2,901 2,816 2,648 2.799 2,935 3,115 3,210 3,077 2,765 2,680 2,731 2,568 2,552 2,475 2,475 2,520 2,731 2,765 2,850 2,935 2,901 3,020 3,096 2,901 3.020 2.969 2,765 2.600 2,536 2,460 Sec.-ft. 2,520 2,490 2,370 2,370 2,295 2,220 2,370 2,520 2,445 2,680 2,850 2,935 2,765 2,799 2,600 2,600 2,8.50 2,986 2,884 2,748 2,680 2,600 2,520 2,430 2,445 2,370 2,265 2,160 2,070 2,000 1,972 Sec.-ft. 1,888 1,930 1.860 1.930 1,846 1,874 1,790 2,322* 2,267* 2,283* 2,284* 2,238* 2,230* 2,010* 2,070* 2.038* 1,765* 1,765* 1,788* 1,902* 2,063* 1,920* 1.877* 1,837* 1,500* 1,315* 1,340* 1.373* 1,382* 1.400* Sec.-ft. 1,540* 2 1.583* 3 1.515* 4 1,430* 5 1,612* 6 1,617* 7 1,497* 8 ... 1,663* 9 1,608* 10 1,537* 11 1,462* 12 1,600* 13 1,462* 14 1,478* 15 1,400* 16 17 1.420* 1,500* 18 1,485* 19 1,376* 20 1,286* 21 1,420* 22 1,240* 23 1,262* 24 25 1,612* 1,340* 26 1,580* 27 1,455* 28 1,317* 29 30 .^ 31 1,417* 1,373* 1 904* 'Discharge from records of the Calgary Power Co., Horseshoe Falls. The remainder are Irrigition Branch record* taken at Morley Bridge. BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 289 Daily Discharge of Bow River from records at Morley and Horseshoe Fa'ls. 1911. Dav. Jan. Feb. March . April. May. June. Sec.-ft. 823' 823* 862* 1,117* 1,360* 1,230 1,310* 1,243* 770* 796* 935* 646 590 586 1,120* 1,345* 980* 940* 940* 860* Sec-ft. 750* 780* 784* 763* 780* 740* 784* 750* 784* 818* 840* 800* 780* 784* 780* 710* 725* 700* 730* 730* 700* 710* 600' 680* 690* 720* 725* 720* Sec.-ft. 710* 710* 730* 720* 775* 775* 765* 740* 740* 735* 778* 780* 810* 725* 800* 900* 855* 830* 902* 925* 880* 935* 750* 750* 810* 880* 855* 855* Sec.-ft. 694 670 670 670 626* 674 708 768 774 755 755 790 776 790 822 790 830 870 950 1,262 942* 1,100 1,190 1,140 1,210 1,160 Sec.-ft. 1.240 1,317 1,422 1,470 1,720 2,160 2,010 2,010 2,190* 1,815* 1,935 2,010 2,085 2,010 1,935 2,240 1,940* 1,930* 2,120* 2,200* 2,200* 2,140* 2, 150* 2,120* 2,100* 2,120* 2,150* 2,337* 2,230* 2,377* 2,696* Sec.-ft . 3,698* 5,207* 7,240* 7,370* 6,839* 6.548* 6,430* 5,825* 5,960* 6,470* 7,150* 8,49(1* 10,443* 12.375* 13.043* 13,189* 13.105* 12,695* 11.660* 11,660* 11,475* 11,780* 13.820* 14.770* 12,925* 11,725* 11,994* 12.014* 11.700* 11.640* •Discharges from Calgary Power Co. records taken at Horseshoe Falls 290 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Discharge of Bow River at Horseshoe Falls from Calgary Power Co. records, 1911. Day. July. Sec.-ft. 11,670 11,500 11,300 10,000 9,329 9,213 9,108 9,112 8,672 8,341 7,950 7, 702 6,080 5,840 5,850 5,950 6,652 6,590 6,. 530 6,140 6,050 5,950 5,930 5,790 5,765 Aug. Sec.-ft. 5,120 5,195 5,370 5,570 5,685 5,550 5,820 5,800 5,925 5,460 5,370 4,980 4,890 4,710 4,920 4,840 4,780 4,670 4,650 4,530 4,490 4,475 4,395 4,395 5,940 4,310 6,400 4,274 5,905 1 4,365 5,525 4,390 5,480 1 4,420 Sept. Sec.-ft. 5,215 4,455 4,500 4,600 5,100 4,900 4,530 4,275 4,100 4,690 3,700 3,700 3,650 3,650 3,540 3,450 3,350 3,275 3, 150 2,950 2,875 2,875 2,750 2,670 2,590 2,508 2,440 2.350 2,350 2,300 Oct. Sec.-ft. 2,150 2,130 2,160 2,200 2,130 2,180 2,160 1,668 1,790 1,860 1,860 1,860 1,846 1,880 1,908 1,750 1,770 1,725 1,715 1,645 1,610 1,860 1,846 Nov. Sec.-ft. 1,260 1,270 1,210 1,230 1,200 1,210 1,180 1,075 700 630 650 620 625 625 750 950 1,060 1,120 1,110 1,075 1,050 1,020 975 1,025 975 Dec. Sec.-ft. 1,707 1,020 1,566 940 1,494 675 1,620 735 1,605 850 1,570 920 935 890 945 910 960 900 938 960 945 920 890 910 870 880 860 835 790 835 810 800 685 790 725 735 740 725 675 663 675 700 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 291 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Daily Discharge Bow River at Horseshoe Falls from records of C 1912. P. Co., Day. January, i February. ' March June. 1 685 710 700 687 730 780 780 780 755 750 750 760 810 820 790 910 835 780 790 830 850 820 842 810 790 830 810 820 785 770 2 765 3 780 4 785 5 780 6 760 7 765 8 775 9 790 10 800 11 755 12 763 13 775 14 780 15 770 16 790 17 800 18 780 19 780 20 735 21 790 790 23 755 780 25 770 26 755 725 28 695 660 30 31 Sec.-ft. Sec. -ft. 702 703 704 771 731 Sec.-ft. :i,054 2,930 2,868 2,754 2,657 2,501 2,401 2.946 3,807 4,858 4,971 5,304 5,528 8,007 8,871 10,671 11,106 10,616 10,639 10,464 10,378 10,128 9,494 9,490 9,759 9,518 9,230 9,204 9,135 8,439 292 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Discharge Bow River at Horseshoe Falls from records of C. P. Co., 1912. Day. November. December. 1 Sec. -ft. Sec.-ft. 1,000 2 1,160 3 1,500 4 1,400 5 1,125 6 1.645 1,630 1,610 1,660 1,650 1,650 1,680 1,650 1,620 1,600 860 1.245 2,000 2,000 1,890 1,860 1,660 1,640 1,620 1,490 800 800 1,300 1.300 1,100 1,085 7 1,100 8 1,250 9 1,100 10 1,000 11.. . 700 12 730 13 . 980 14 1,130 15 1,050 16 1,020 17 . . . . 1,050 18 1,120 19 1,020 20 . 1,090 21 1,020 1,090 23 1,000 1,020 25 . . 1,100 26 1,250 960 28 . . . . 1,140 29 1,020 30. 1,010 31 1,000 BO^y BIYER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 293 Daily Discharge Bow River at Horseshoe Falls from records of C.P.R. Co., 1913. Day. January. February. March. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6 s! 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. :i. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Sec. -ft. 920 9S0 940 920 700 680 700 730 720 690 720 730 810 850 790 750 780 710 860 815 810 920 910 920 800 820 940 920 940 Sec. -ft. 900 800 620 660 670 610 630 740 730 740 700 760 820 800 800 800 700 820 810 715 680 725 630 610 530 Sec. -ft. 800 870 800 800 820 880 900 920 820 860 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 APPENDIX VIII. PRECIPITATION DATA. 295 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1915 PRECIPITATION TABLES. Table Xo. 1.— Year 1911-12. Month. B.\NFF .Jumping Poxd. C.\LG.\RY. Precipitation. Precipitation. Precipitation. Inches. O-oti 1-64 104 0-94 0-20 0-32 1-35 1-06 3-02 5-03 3-94 1-03 Inches. Inches. 0-51 0-61 0-08 0-60 0-08 0-34 2-0.5 May. 1-42 4-31 Julv 5-60 2-75 2-80 Total. 20-03 20-55 Mean for years 1903-11, at Banff, 17-89 inches. Mean for 27 years at Calgary, 16-11 inches. Mean for 20 years at Banff. 19- 13 inches. Table Xo. 2.— Year 1910-11. Month. B.\XFF. Jumping Pond. C.\LG.\RY. Precipitation. Precipitation. Precipitation. Inches. 1-.36 0-99 0-90 3- 12 0-65 0-54 1-15 1-36 2-84 1-38 3-76 1-14 Inches. 0-49 0-23 016 0-75 0-21 0-65 0-10 2-82 3-05 2-64 Inches. ■ 0-48 0-34 017 0-44 0-56 1-04 106 May 503 2-63 July .' 2-17 4-36 September C-89 1919 1110 1917 Table No. 3.— Year 1909-10 Month. B.\NFF. Jumping Pond Precipitation. Precipitation. Calg.xry. Precipitation. October Xovember December January February March April May June July August... September Total Inches. 0-70 4-67 1-02 0-46 1-94 1-.59 1-19 0-66 2-77 0-46 1-25 0-77 17-48 Inches. 0-63 0-81 0-43 0-48 0-80 0-87 0-64 016 3-24 0-28 3-78 1-42 13-54 Inches. 0-64 0-21 0-44 0-21 0-88 0-88 0-80 1-08 1-54 0-44 1-02 1-50 9-64 297 298 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Table No. 4.— Year 1908-09. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Month. Banff. Ju-MPiNG Pond. C.\LG.\RY. Precipitation. Precipitation. Precipitation. October .- . . Inches. 1-87 MS 1-71 3-94 1-38 0-78 0-92 1-49 1-81 2-68 0-99 M8 Inches. 0-85 0-06 0-34 0-38 0-29 0-79 0-76 4-36 2-53 3-54 1-28 0-29 Inches. 0-55 November 0-03 December 0-20 January 0-58 February 0-36 March 0-68 April 1-14 May 4-87 June 2-07 July 4-09 August 0-59 September . .. 0-36 Total 19-93 15-47 15-52 Table No. 5 —Year 1907-08. Month. Banff. Jumping Pond. Calgary. Precipitation. Precipitation. Precipitation. October Inches. n-96 J. 22 1-11 0-10 1-03 1-58 1-66 4-14 2-61 1-06 1-74 1-41 Inches. 0-21 0-30 0-34 0-15 0-13 1-70 0-97 4-06 6-44 1-18 2-97 0-69 Inches. 0-15 November 0-08 December 0-10 January 0-08 February 0-29 March 0-55 April 0-87 May 4-59 June 7-26 July 1-75 August 1-52 September 0-58 Total 18-62 19-14 17-80 Table No. 6.— Year 1906-07. Month. Banff. Jumping Pond. Calgary. Precipitation. Precipitation. Precipitation. October Inches. 1-95 0-87 1-50 1-64 0-56 1-55 1-72 3-39 2-83 1-90 4-26 2-60 Inches. Inches. 0-82 November 1-20 December 0-00 January 0-40 February 0-20 March 0-76 April 1-79 May . . 1-04 June 3-76 July :...:...:...:...:.;■■.■ 0-85 August 3-34 September 1-20 Total 23-77 15-36 BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e Table No. 7.— Year 1905-06. 299 Month. Banff. Jumping Pond. Calgary. Precipitation. Precipitation. Precipitation. Inches. 1-66 0-54 0-45 0-77 0-40 0-19 0-32 2-98 1-91 0-89 2-26 0-54 Inches. Inches. 0-11 1-20 0-00 0-04 014 March ' 0-70 April 0-37 Mav . . 6-96 2-35 July 1-15 3-00 0-04 Total 12-91 16-06 Table No. 8.— Year 1904-05. Month. Banff. Jumping Pond. Calgary. Precipitation. Precipitation. Precipitation. Inches. 0-57 0-90 1-28 0-55 0-30 0-90 0-56 3-06 3-91 1-43 0-89 1-72 Inches. Inches. 1-35 0-20 0-31 1-04 0-30 0-65 April . . ... 0-80 Mav 2-06 601 July . . .... 0-91 0-69 September 0-35 Total ... 1607 14-67 Table No. 9.— Year 1903-04. Month. Banff. Jumping Pond. Calgary. Precipitation. Precipitation. Precipitation. Inches. 0-72 2-00 0-64 1-31 1-73 1-35 0-96 0-78 2-63 0-87 1-49 0-74 Inches. Inches. 0-00 0-60 0-25 015 0-15 0-86 April 0-14 Mav ... 1-56 1-99 Julv. ... . 1-74 2-75 September .... 0-69 Total 15-22 10-88 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e A. 1913 APPENDIX IX. TEMPERATURE DATA. 301 25e— 21 5 GEORGE V. BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 30? A. 1915 TEMPERATURE TABLES. 1912 CALGARY. J. NTART 1 February. I 1 M.\RCH. Temperature. Tbstpebature. Temperature. Dav Mean": Dav Mean Day Mean of Dailvf of Daily of Daily Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Mai. Min. Daily Range. Mai. Min. DaUy Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. „ „ „ „ „ „ ! o 5 1 14 0 14 7 1 47 16 31 31-5 1 11 — 3 14 4 2 — 2 — 6 4 — 4 2 49 32 17 40-5 2 11 —10 21 0-5 3 17 —11 28 3 3 20 15 5 17-5 3 22 1 — 6 28 8 4 10 — 6' 16 2 4 33 12 21 22-5 4 16—5 21 ft 5-5 5 9 — 6 8 — 2 5 30 10 20 20 1 5 31 i — 6 37 12-5 6 — 8 —23 15 —15-5 6 28 22 6 25 6 22 1 4 18 13 7 22 —10 32 6 7 17 15 2 16 i 7 25—2 27 12 8 12 5 7 8-5 8 25 10 15 17-5 1 8 36 — 3 39 17 9 -15 —20 5 —17-5 9 43 15 28 29 9 44 12 32 28 10 —16 —25 9 —20-5 10 46 24 22 35 10 40 12 28 26 11 —10 —30 20 —20 11 45 22 23 33-5 11 32 6 26 19 12 17 —10 27 3-5 12 45 20 25 32-5 i 12 20 11 9 15 5 13 — 3 —10 7 — 6-5 13 44 17 27 30-5 1 13 26—3 29 11-5 14 17 — & 25 4-5 14 46 31 15 38-5 ' 14 42 3 39 22-5 15 48 13 35 30-5 15 44 34 10 39 1 15 30 7 23 18-5 16 32 15 17 23-5 16 43 28 15 35-5 1 16 25 9 16 17 17 20 10 10 15 17 45 26 19 35-5 : 17 42 11 31 26-5 18 22 — 5 27 8-5 18 41 16 25 28-5 18 18 9 9 13-5 19 23 10 13 16-5 19 34 20 14 27 19 7 —16 23 —4-5 20 41 12 29 26-5 20 39 8 31 23-5 20 30 — 6 36 12 21 46 31 15 38-5 21 39 24 15 31-5 21 46 11 35 28-5 22 44 28 16 36 22 44 22 22 33 22 45 28 17 36-5 23 38 18 20 28 23 38 21 17 29-5 23 45 21 24 33 24 38 21 17 29-5 24 34 17 17 25-5 24 55 29 26 42 25 42 27 15 34-5 25 40 6 34 23 25 50 32 18 41 26 21 11 10 16 ' 26 32 15 17 23-5 26 52 i 24 28 38 27 37 12 25 24-5 27 17 10 7 13-5 27 60 ! 26 34 43 28 30 9 21 19-5 1 28 14 -3 17 5-5 1 28 60 1 27 33 43-5 29 48 14 34 31 29 11 -7 18 2 I 29 28 24 4 26 30 46 29 17 37-5 1 30 46 ] 13 33 29-5 31 39 15 24 27 31 58 1 28 30 43 672 110 548 1,033 498 535 1,075 287 788 21-68 3-55 18- 13 35-62 17- 17 18-45 34-68 9-26 25-42 25e— 2U 304 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1912 CALGARY— Continued. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 April. Mat. Ju>fE. Day of Month. Temperature. Mean Daily Temp. Day of Month. Temperature. Mean Daily Temp. Day of Month. Temperature. Mean Daily Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 58 66 64 42 41 53 64 63 65 60 36 38 40 54 58 50 54 55 54 56 58 54 55 60 47 53 47 61 60 40 28 33 26 27 26 14 30 27 29 34 33 32 30 28 26 34 28 26 27 24 32 27 34 26 30 28 30 34 29 37 30 33 38 15 15 39 34 36 36 26 3 6 10 26 32 16 26 29 27 32 26 27 21 34 17 25 17 27 31 3 43 49-5 42 34-5 33-5 33-5 47 45 47 47 34-5 35 35 41 42 42 41 40-5 40-5 40 45 40-5 44-5 43 38-5 40-5 38-5 47-5 44-5 1 38-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 37 42 50 54 60 64 74 74 54 60 65 67 78 81 82 68 67 64 46 52 54 50 63 72 72 66 60 66 66 58 68 33 33 31 28 32 40 41 44 36 35 32 30 36 44 44 49 42 40 40 42 33 40 41 40 39 51 49 33 35 35 30 4 9 19 26 28 24 33 30 18 25 33 37 42 37 38 19 25 24 6 10 21 10 22 32 33 15 11 33 31 23 38 35 37-5 40-5 41 46 52 57-5 59 45 47-5 48-5 49-5 57 63 63 58-5 54-5 52 43 47 43-5 45 52 56 55-5 58-5 54-5 49-5 50-5 46-5 49 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 70 58 59 54 60 66 77 87 70 75 85 86 70 64 64 69 73 80 82 84 85 86 84 88 89 90 81 71 55 51 38 33 30 36 33 29 35 40 50 40 42 46 54 42 46 50 48 44 51 50 49 60 59 57 59 52 59 49 48 47 32 25 29 18 27 37 42 47 20 35 43 40 16 22 18 19 25 36 31 34 36 26 25 31 30 38 22 22 7 4 54 45-5 44-5 45 46-5 47-5 56 63-5 60 57-5 63-5 66 62 63 55 59-5 60-5 62 66-5 67 67 73 71-5 72-5 74 71 70 60 51-5 49 1,606 869 737 1,934 j 1,178 756 2,213 1,376 337 53-53 28-96 24-56 62-39 38-00 1 24-39 75-76 1 45-86 27-30 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 1912 305 CALGARY— Continued. Dav of Month. JULT. August. September. Temperature. Mean Daily Temp. Day of Month. Temper.\ture. I: Mean Day Daily of Temp. ! Month. Temperature. Mean Daily Temp. Max. Min. 1 Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. 1 2 3.'.'.'.'.'.'. t::.:: 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 54 50 72 72 63 63 53 58 68 65 66 74 51 71 76 61 66 72 69 56 75 75 65 54 71 73 73 78 77 79 78 43 47 36 43 50 48 48 46 46 42 50 43 45 33 45 45 46 40 47 48 48 49 51 50 48 46 44 42 48 47 50 11 3 36 29 13 15 5 12 22 23 16 31 6 38 31 16 20 32 22 8 27 26 14 4 23 27 29 36 29 32 28 48-5 48-5 54 57-5 56-5 55-5 50-5 52 57 53-5 58 58-5 48 52 60-5 53 56 56 58 52 61-5 62 58 52 59-5 59-5 58-5 60 62-5 63 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ' }?•:::: : 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 74 69 67 68 68 67 73 75 80 75 56 67 68 72 71 60 60 68 70 78 80 82 78 65 54 66 64 57 55 61 60 49 55 48 56 44 42 50 47 48 54 46 45 44 42 43 53 45 42 46 46 54 56 53 50 44 48 48 47 40 30 35 25 14 19 12 24 25 23 28 32 21 10 22 24 30 28 7 15 26 24 32 26 26 25 15 10 18 16 10 15 31 25 61-5 62 57-5 62 56 56-5 61-5 61 64 64-5 51 56 56 57 57 56-5 52-5 55 58 62 67 69 65-5 57-5 49 57 56 52 47-5 45-5 47-5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 60 56 53 53 45 63 64 52 65 66 72 66 54 51 59 68 71 63 54 58 66 39 40 51 47 51 49 53 70 69 35 36 35 32 42 33 45 45 40 40 40 46 42 34 25 30 37 36 36 33 32 35 32 25 37 32 37 27 25 37 25 20 18 21 3 30 19 7 25 26 32 20 12 17 34 38 34 27 18 25 34 4 8 26 10 19 12 26 45 32 37-5 46 44 42-5 43-5 48 54-5 48-5 52-5 53 56 56 48 - 42-5 42 49 54 49-5 45 45-5 49 37 36 38 42 41-5 43 40 47- 53 2,078 1,414 664 2,108 1,450 658 1,728 1 1,061 667 67-0 45-6 21-4 68-0 1 46-7 21-2 57-6 35-36 22-23 306 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1912 CALGARY— Continued. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 October. November. December. Day of Month. Temperature. Mean Daily Temp. Day of Month. Temperature. Mean Daily Temp. Day of Month. TeMPER.\T0RE. Mean Daily Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. Mai. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. i Daily 1 Range. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 H 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 62 66 70 47 45 60 59 40 36 53 54 58 68 66 67 56 40 43 40 40 43 53 48 48 54 55 46 40 39 39 52 42 34 44 38 30 20 30 33 29 26 26 27 35 35 40 34 31 26 31 30 15 15 32 20 24 27 25 31 21 20 22 20 32 26 9 14 40 29 7 7 27 28 31 33 31 27 22 9 17 9 10 28 38 16 28 30 28 21 9 18 19 30 52 50 57 42-5 37 40 44-5 36-5 32-5 39-5 40 42-5 51-5 50-5 53-5 45 35-5 34-5 35-5 35 29 34 40 34 39 41 35-5 35-5 30 29-5 37 1 2 z'.'.'.'.'.'. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 ' 18 19 : 20 21 i 22 23 1 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 51 47 44 45 52 48 46 45 44 29 36 37 51 36 31 44 58 48 47 45 43 44 55 42 33 33 51 38 35 23 25 30 30 21 22 19 21 24 24 24 14 18 19 26 11 12 30 31 24 26 32 28 24 27 12 14 16 16 18 11 26 17 14 24 30 29 25 21 20 5 22 19 32 10 20 '32 28 17 23 19 11 16 31 15 21 19 35 22 17 12 38 38-5 37 33 32 1 33-5 33-5 34-5 34 26-5 25 27-5 35 31 21 28 44 39-5 35-5 35-5 37-5 36 39-5 34-5 22-5 23-5 33-5 27 26-5 17 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 20 40 42 22 40 51 42 50 39 27 39 44 48 40 24 29 34 40 35 31 40 44 42 30 42 46 48 34 39 35 43 0 10 18 15 15 21 32 32 31 13 5 20 25 25 16 14 17 14 22 16 13 34 25 20 9 20 26 21 15 21 18 20 30 24 25 30 10 18 8 14 34 24 23 15 8 15 17 26 13 15 27 10 17 10 33 26 22 13 24 14 25 10 25 30 18-5 27-5 36 37 41 35 20 22 32 36-5 32-5 20 21-5 25-5 27 28-5 23-5 26-5 39 23-5 25 25-5 33 37 27-5 27 28 30-5 1.586 893 693 1,281 649 622 1,180 593 1 597 51-16 28-8 22-35 42-7 21-63 20-73 38-06 19-13 19-19 BOW BITER POWER AXD STORAGE 307 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 1912 BANFF. jANUARr. February. March. Temperature. Temperature. 1 Temperature. Day Mean Dav Mean Day Mean of Daily of Daily of Daily Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. o o o 0 o ' o o V 0 0 o . 1 7-7 -11 18-7 - 2 1 34-2 11-1 23-1 22-6 1 1 i 14-3 2-5 11-8 8-5 2 4-5 -25-2 29-7 -10 2 38-2 10-2 28-0 24 2 21-2 -20-2 42-4 1 3 10-4 - 6 16-4 2 3 27 - M 28-1 13 3 25-7 -13-4 39- 1 6 4 4-8 - 8-2 13 - 0-7 4 25-2 - 3-3 28-5 12 4 1 25-5 -13-7 39-2 6 5 5 3-2 8-2 1 5 35-2 3-5 31-7 19 5 ' 33-2 -12 45-2 11 6 - 1 -31-6 30-6 -16 ' 6 33 26 7 29-5 6 30-2 - 4-7 34-9 13 7 15-3 -18-4 33-7 - 1 7 28-2 17-2 11-0 23 7 26-2 -17-6 43-8 5 8 15-2 - 8-8 24-0 - 4 8 35-5 9 8 25-7 22-5 8 39-8 -14-4 54-2 13 9 - 2 -23-6 21-6 -13 9 36-1 23-2 12-9 30 9 39-2 i- 3-8 43-0 18 10 -18-8 -28-8 10 -23 10 38-8 29 9-8 34 10 37-2 - 3-8 41-0 16-7 11 12-2 -37-6 49-8 -12 1 11 37-1 24-8 12-3 31 11 37-2 - 2-1 39-3 17-5 12 23-2 7-2 16-0 -15 1 12 34-1 18-1 16-0 26 1 12 30-2 3-9 36-3 21 13 35-8 5-8 30-0 20-8 , 13 36-5 21-9 14-6 29 13 33-2 - 7-9 41-2 12-5 14 44-6 1-4 43-2 23 ; 14 38-2 ' 29 9-2 33-6 14 33-3 - 0-8 34-1 16 15 45 34-6 10-4 40 I 15 35-8 31-2 4-6 33 15 36-9 13-8 23-1 25 16 37 19-7 17-3 27 16 38 28-2 9-8 33 16 35-3 2-3 33-0 19 17 20-2 - 4-7 24-9 8 i 17 361 25-1 11-0 30-6 17 33-3 24 9-3 28-6 18 14- 1 -16 30-1 - 1 i 18 35-3 19-8 15-5 27 18 28-4 13-7 14-7 21 19 12-2 - 2.8 15-0 5 1 19 31-2 12-6 18-6 22 19 23-2 -14-4 37-6 4-4 20 22-6 11 21-5 12 10 28-6 - 2-3 30-9 14 20 35 - 8-8 43-8 13 21 35 18-5 16-5 26 21 32-3 i 18-4 13-9 25 21 40-2 9-9 30-3 25 22 33 16. 2 16-8 24 22 34 , 22 12 28 22 44 18-3 25-7 31 23 28 11-3 16-7 19 23 33 1-3 31-7 17 23 46-1 12 34-1 29 24 31 13 18 22 24 30-8 ; 0-8 30 15-8 24 49-7 18-4 31-3 34 25 39-4 i 28.1 11-3 33-5 25 30-6 1-7 28-9 17 25 46-9 29-9 17-0 38 26 37-2 ! 11-8 25-4 24 26 29 i 15-2 13-8 22 26 46-8 23 23-8 35 27 521 15-2 16-9 23 27 24-3 1 4-9 19-4 15 27 50-9 27-1 23-8 39 28 31-8 1 12-5 19-3 22 '] 28 17 -13-4 30-4 2 28 47-3 36-4 10-9 42 29 42 26-3 15-7 34 29 17-9 -20-4 38-3 - 1 1 29 39-8 25-8 14-0 33 30 38-4 ■ 30-7 32 j 9-2 7-7 22-8 34 20 30 31 44-3 50-6 11-9 29-7 32-4 20-9 28 31 40 709-7 1 262-6 651-2 ' t 931-2 ; 405-0 566-7 1125-2 302-6 960-8 - 21.8'-225-9 ' -40-5 -138-8 687-9 ! 36-7 364-5 1 1 163-8 22-79 1-18 21-0 32-11 12-57 19-54' ; 36-29 5-3 30-99 308 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 1912 BA^FF— Continued. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 April. ' May. 1 June. Temperature. Temper.\ture. Temperature. Day of Mean Daily Temp. Day of Month. Mean Daily Temp. Day of Month. Mean Daily Temp. Month Max. 1 Min. Daily Elange. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. o = o o o 0 0 = o o c 0 1 . 48-7 35-4 13-3 42 1 41-0 31-8 9-2 36 1 58-7 32 26-7 45 2 . 55 6 40-0 15-6 48 2 46 30-0 16 38 2 54-1 39-7 14-4 47 3 . 52 2 36-2 16-0 44 3 51-4 29-2 22-2 40 3 54-7 32-8 21-9 43 4 . 42 3 29-4 12-9 36 4 52-4 26-2 26-2 39 4 55-9 33-3 22-6 44-6 5 . 38 0 25-2 12-8 32 5 55-9 27 28-9 41 5 58-4 33-2 25-2 46 6 .1 45 1 17-0 28-1 31 6 62-1 31-3 30-8 47 6 68-2 27-4 40-8 47-8 7 .1 46 3 30-9 15-4 38-6 7 67-2 32-3 34-9 49-7 7 78 30-2 47-8 54 8 . 55 5 28-7 26-8 42 8 67-5 45-8 21-7 56 8 78-2 36-8 41-4 57 9 66 1 28-3 27-8 42 9 59-8 33-8 26 47 9 73-9 43-9 30-0 59 10 59 1 27-9 31-2 43 10 56-2 26-6 29-6 41 10 73-4 31-8 41-6 52 11 51 3 32-2 19-1 42 11 61-2 24-4 36-8 42-5 11 77-5 39-8 37-7 58 12 40 8 30-8 10-0 36 12 68-2 26-2 42-0 47 12 78-3 45-7 32-6 62 13 44 4 30-9 13-5 37 13 74-5 28-9 45-6 51-7 13 67-3 48-3 19-0 58 14 52 9 27-2 25-7 40 14 76-9 31-9 45 54-4 14 63-5 39-4 24-1 51 15 . 48 7 27-2 21-5 38 15 74-1 31-4 42-7 53 15 48-7 37-3 11-4 43 16 45 2 29-5 15-7 37 16 66-9 46-4 20-5 56 16 66-3 44-3 22-0 55 17 46 1 25-2 20-9 35-5 17 61-2 36-8 24-4 49 17 74 39-8 34-2 57 18 49 2 29-0 20-2 39 18 56-3 35-6 20-7 46 18 80-3 40-2 40-1 60 19 . 49 2 27-0 22-2 38 19 49 36-2 12-8 42-6 19 81-4 42-2 39-2 62 20 . 48 0 23-5 24-5 36 20 45-6 38-7 6-9 42 20 83-4 44-7 38-7 64 21 . 53 3 24-8 28-5 39 21 58 34-2 23-8 45 21 84-5 44-2 40-3 64 22 . 51 0 22-0 29-0 36-5 22 54-3 40 14-3 47 22 84-1 47-6 36-5 66 23 . 49 2 32-0 17-2 40-6 23 58-7 36-9 21-8 47 23 84-7 50-8 33-9 67 24 . 50 6 32-0 18-6 41-3 24 63-2 40-5 22-7 52 24 85-7 52-3 33-4 69 25 . 52 6 28-0 24-6 40 25 67-7 31-9 35-8 50 25 84-2 49 35-2 66 26 . 49 2 28-5 20-7 39 26 65-4 42-2 23-2 54 26 83-1 46-4 36-7 64-7 27 . 51 2 28-5 22-7 40 27 60-1 46-7 13-4 54 27 73-4 47-5 25-9 60 28 . 49 6 . 29-8 19-8 39 28 55-9 38-3 17-6 46-8 28 62-4 44-2 18-2 53 29 . 51 9 29-0 22-9 40-4 29 57-3 33-4 23-9 45 29 60-3 34-8 25-2 47 30 . 47 2 33-5 13-7 40 30 31 55-4 56-8 30-1 29-6 25-3 27-2 42-6 43 30 51 44-2 6-8 47-6 1480 5 869-6 610-9 1846-2 1054-3 791-9 2127-6 1223-8 903-8 , 49 3S 28 -9? 20-36 59-55 34-00 25-54 i 70-92 40-79 30-13 1 BO^y BITER POWER AND STORAGE 309 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 1912 BA:^FF— Continued. July. AVGCST. September. Te MPERATURE. Temper.\tdre. Temper.\tc BE. Day Mean Day Mean Dav Mean of Dailv of Daily of Daily Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Max. Min. Dailv Max. Min. Dailv Max. Min. Daily Range. Range. Range. ^ 0 0 o = = o o o = o 1 58-5 43-2 15-3 50-8 1 75 46-9 28-1 61 1 48-9 35-2 13-7 42 2 53-3 41-5 11-8 47-4 2 68.2 45 23-2 56-6 2 45 32 13 38-5 3 61-4 37-9 23-5 49-6 3 69-9 46-5 23-4 68-2 3 46 34-8 11-2 40-4 4 69-2 42 27-2 55-6 4 67-7 52 15-7 59-8 4 53-3 28 25-3 40-6 5 65 45.6 19-4 55-3 0 58-8 40-5 18-3 49-6 0 50-5 37-5 13 44 4 6 57 42. 3 14-7 49-6 6 58-5 34 24-5 46 ( 6 55-9 33-8 22-1 44-8 7 541 45-2 8-9 49-6 7 67-5 44 23-5 55-7 7 59-9 41 18-9 50-4 8 58-3 40-3 18-0 49-3 8 76-1 39-9 36-2 58 8 54-8 41-9 12-9 48-3 9 63-7 43-8 19-9 53-7 9 74-4 45-6 28-8 60 9 58-8 32-3 26-5 45-5 10 63-3 42-2 211 52-8 10 69-2 49-4 19-8 59-3 10 r 68-5 30 38-5 49 11 61-6 45-7 15-9 53-6 11 57-4 44-8 12-6 51 11 73-1 33-3 39-8 53-2 12 64-3 40. 3 24.0 52-3 12 61-4 41-7 19-7 51-5 12 65-9 37-8 28-1 51-8 1.3 59 40-2 18-8 49-6 13 65-5 32 33-5 48-7 i 13 59-2 35-4 23-8 47 14 59-9 33-8 26-1 46-8 14 73-1 34-2 38-9 53-6 14 55-6 24-8 30-8 40-2 15 69-7 44-2 25-5 57 15 71-4 37-9 33-5 54-6 15 , 63-3 24-8 38-5 44 16 65-8 43-9 21-9 54-8 16 60-3 42-3 . 18-0 51-3 16 67-8 30-1 37-7 48-9 17 63-5 43-2 20-3 53-4 17 48 35-1 12-9 41-5 17 64-2 32-9 31-3 48-5 18 74-4 35-3 39-1 54-8 18 63-2 36-7 26-5 50 18 57-9 40-7 17-2 49-3 19 73-3 49-8 32-5 57 19 68-6 36-3 32-3 52-4 19 49-9 30-8 19-1 40-6 20 61-3 47-9 13-4 54-6 20 73-4 39-5 33-9 56-4 20 58-3 26-9 31-4 42-6 21 71-6 41-3 30-3 56-4 21 76-3 40-5 35-8 58-3 21 65-4 28-3 37-1 46-8 22 65 44 21 55-5 22 79-1 46-2 32-9 62-6 22 60 32-2 27-8 46 23 611 44-6 16-5 52-8 23 73-8 52-2 21-6 63 23 36-8 28-8 8-0 32-8 24 52- 1 45-4 6-7 48-7 24 67-1 47-9 19-2 57-5 24 43-4 25-8 17-6 34-6 25 66-3 38-2 28-1 52-3 25 53-3 40-8 12-5 47 25 40-2 32-9 7-3 37-5 26 66- 1 36-9 29-2 51-5 26 59-1 42 17-1 50-6 26 46-9 30 16-9 38-4 27 64-4 37 27-4 50-7 27 62 43-3 18-7 52-6 27 47 30-9 16-1 39 28 72-4 38-6 33.8 55 28 52 39-3 12-7 45-6 : 28 56-3 23-4 32-9 39-8 29 77-5 38-2 393 57-7 29 48-9 33 15-9 41 29 64-8 27-8 37-0 46-3 30 82-9 39-3 43-6 61 30 49-9 35-5 14-4 42-7 30 58-8 33-8 25-0 46-3 31 76 44-3 31-7 60 31 50-1 38-2 11-9 44 2012 1287-1 724-9 1 1999-2 1283-2 716-0 1676-4 957-9 718-5 64-9 41-5 23-38 64-5 41-39 23-09 55-8 31-9 23-9 310 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1912 BA'NFF^C o?itmued. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 October. November. December. Temperature. Temper.mure. Temper.\ture. Day Mean Day Mean Day Mean of Daily of Daily of Daily Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Max. Min. Daily 1 Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. o 0 ■ c 0 o o o 0 o o o c . 1 55 39 16 47 1 33 21 12 27 1 28 2 26 15 2 55 42 13 48-5 2 38 17 21 27-5 2 30 20 10 25 3 53 44 9 48-5 3 38 27 11 32-5 3 28 24 4 26 ■4 45 31 14 38 4 36 19 17 27-5 4 23 13 10 18 5 39 29 , 10 34 5 39 24 15 31-5 5 28 8 20 18 6 49 20 29 34-5 6 37 24 13 30-5 6 38 20 18 29 7 51 30 21 41-5 7 36 24 12 30 7 32 23 9 27-5 8 44 32 12 38 8 31 25 6 28 8 28 18 10 23 •9 42 26 16 34 9 34 26 8 30 9 30 17 13 23-5 JO 46 34 12 40 10 34 19 15 26-5 10 12 - 4 16 4 11 48 28 20 38 11 37 26 11 31-5 11 22 0 22 11 12 52 26 26 39 12 44 28 16 36 12 27 17 10 22 13 55 33 22 34 13 48 30 18 39 13 34 18 16 26 14 58 27 31 38-5 14 ■ 32 25 7 28-5 14 31 25 6 28 15 57 31 26 44 15 27 5 22 16 15 19 - 1 20 9 16 53 40 13 46-5 16 28 15 13 21-5 16 26 5 21 15-5 17 41 34 7 37-5 17 43 25 18 36 17 28 11 17 19-5 18 39 30 9 34-5 18 45 36 9 40-5 18 32 20 12 26 19 35 26 9 30-5 19 38 33 5 35-5 19 25 20 5 22-5 20 35 20 15 27-5 20 34 i 27 7 30-5 20 21 12 9 16-5 21 33 i 16 17 24-5 21 38 ! 39 9 33-5 21 25 0 25 12-5 22 37 27 10 32 22 40 1 29 11 34-5 22 28 19 9 23-5 23 35 25 10 30 23 45 33 12 39 23 33 20 13 26-5 24 37 26 11 31-5 24 32 1 23 9 27-5 24 26 15 11 20-5 25 42 25 17 33-5 25 25 1 5 20 15 25 25 0 25 12-5 26 40 30 10 35 26 22-4 26 9 26 37 22 15 29-5 27 39 19 19 28-5 27 33 U 19 23-5 27 30 25 5 27-5 28 35 23 12 29 28 28 13 15 20-5 28 23 17 6 20 29 31 8 23 19-5 29 24 14 10 19 29 24 20 4 22 30 35 5 30 20 30 27 ! 13 14 20 30 28 17 11 22-5 31 38 7 31 22-5 1 31 30 24 6 27 1 1353 833 520 1046 645 401 851 447 404 43-64 26-87 16.77 34-86 21-5 13-36 27-45 14-42 13-03 BOW RITER POWER AXD STORAGE 311 SESSIONAL PAPER No 25e 1911 CALGARY. Jancarv. Febritarv. March. Temperattre. Temperature. Temperature. Day of Month. Mean Daily Temp. Day of Month. Mean Daily Temp. i Day of Month. Mean Daily Temp. Max. Min. Daily Max. Min. Daily Max. Min. Daily Range. Range. Range. » o o o o o o o o o o . 1 -7 —29 22 -18 1 -15 -19 4 -17 i 1 46 14 32 30 •2 42 —13 55 15 2 - 2 -22 20 -12 9 43 30 13 37 •3 38 26 12 32 3 24 - 6 30 9 3 25 24 1 24 A 46 8 38 27 4 11 6 5 9 4 32 10 22 21 5 44 20 24 32 5 12 3 9 8 5 38 15 23 27 •6 36 24 12 30 6 31 - 9 40 11 6 46 22 24 34 7 34 18 16 26 7 32 2 30 17 7 50 20 30 35 8 19 —10 29 4 8 27 2 25 14 8 27 19 8 23 9 1 -22 —25 3 -23 9 43 6 37 25 9 38 13 25 25 10 ' -29 —30 1 -29-5 10 40 24 16 32 10 44 24 20 34 11 -30 —33 3 -31 n 34 14 20 24 ill 38 10 28 24 12 -34 —44 10 -39 il2 35 21 14 28 112 50 27 23 39 13 -24 —44 20 -34 13 37 14 23 26 13 55 31 24 43 14 5 —28 33 -12 14 31 20 11 26 14 25 15 10 20 15 11 —16 27 - 3 15 20 14 6 17 15 48 19 29 34 16 12 — t 19 3 16 25 - 6 31 9 16 47 27 20 37 17 38 2 40 18 117 22 4 18 13 17 56 22 34 39 18 i 0 —11 11 -5-5 !18 20 - 6 26 7 18 52 30 22 41 19 4 — 9 13 - 2 1 19 22 - 6 28 8 19 64 43 21 53 20 1 —17 18 - 8 1 20 17 5 12 11 20 63 30 33 46 21 - 3 —14 11 - 8 1 21 16 - 9 25 3 21 36 28 8 32 22 28 —12 40 S 22 36 - 4 40 16 22 54 30 24 42 23 34 12 22 22 '■ 23 44 10 34 27 23 62 34 28 48 24 - 3 -10 7 - 6 24 36 27 9 31 24 48 33 15 41 25 -16 -20 4 -18 25 25 19 6 22 25 42 30 12 36 26 ' -20 -26 6 -23 26 15 7 8 11 26 43 14 29 29 27 : 7 -29 36 -11 27 25 - 2 27 11 27 47 30 17 38 28 - 1 - 5 4 - 3 28 42 4 38 23 28 53 32 21 42 29 1 34 -12 25 -11 46 13 5 11 32 - 9 29 30 31 45 36 32 30 32 25 15 4 38 30 38 34 31. - 6 ''9 276 -324 600 705 { 113 592 1,385 763 622 Mean... 8-9 10-45 19-35 Mean.... 25-18 1 4-04 2M4 Mean.... 44-67 24-6 20 06 34-64 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 312 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1911 CALGARY— Continued. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 April. May. June. Temperature. Temperature. Temperature. | Day Mean Day Mean Day Mean of Daily of Daily of Daily Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. o 0 0 o 0 o = o o 0 = o 1 28 24 4 26 1 57 26 31 41 1 71 49 22 60 2 26 17 9 22 2 65 26 39 46 2 76 45 31 60 3 10 6 4 8 3 66 37 29 52 3 62 42 20 52 4 13 -13 26 0 4 72 37 35 53 4 59 44 15 52 5 32 - 1 33 15 5 83 40 43 62 5 67 38 29 53 6 40 10 30 25 6 52 48 4 50 6 62 36 26 49 7 40 7 33 23 7 63 28 35 45 7 47 43 4 45 8 53 18 35 35 8 63 37 26 50 8 62 42 20 52 9 53 28 25 40 9 59 30 29 45 9 72 40 32 56 10 52 29 23 42 10 50 38 12 44 10 74 46 28 60 11 38 29 9 34 11 61 30 31 45 11 80 42 38 61 12 36 19 17 27 12 53 40 13 47 12 79 52 27 66 13 42 23 19 33 13 42 40 2 41 13 74 46 28 60 14 50 30 20 40 14 58 36 22 47 14 74 61 26 61 15 62 27 35 44 15 63 39 24 51 15 72 41 31 5ft 16 60 32 28 46 16 53 46 7 50 16 81 46 35 63 17 48 29 19 39 17 56 43 13 50 i 17 82 46 36 64 18 56 26 30 41 18 63 31 32 47 18 82 48 34 65 19 58 38 20 48 19 56 40 16 48 19 69 46 23 5» 20 66 29 37 48 20 66 36 30 51 20 68 50 18 59 21 74 30 44 52 21 56 42 14 49 21 67 47 20 57 22 54 40 14 47 22 38 34 4 36 22 80 52 28 5ft 23 61 32 29 47 23 42 32 10 37 23 70 47 23 59 24 73 31 42 52 24 41 32 9 36 24 55 50 5 53 25 67 42 25 54 25 45- 31 14 38 25 66 48 18 57 26 58 34 24 46 26 49 33 16 41 26 69 47 22 58 27 42 28 14 35 27 51 34 17 42 27 68 46 22 57 28 50 25 25 37 28 68 29 34 46 28 66 51 15 59 29 57 23 34 40 29 72 34 38 53 29 66 46 20 5ft 30 61 25 36 43 30 78 45 33 62 i'30 62 49 13 56 31 78 45 33 62 1.460 717 743 1,814 1,119 695 2.082 1 1.37? 709 Mean.... 48-67 23-90 24-77 36-29 Mean.... 5 58-51 36 09 22-42 47-3 Mean.... 69-4 45-7 23-63 57-6 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 1911 313 CALGARY— Conti7nied. JOT.T. August. September. Temperature. i Temper.^tube. Temper.\ture. Day Mean Day Mean Day Mean of Daily of Daily of Dailv Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. 1 Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. o 0 o o . o 0 = o o o o 1 65 47 18 56 1 64 48 16 56 1 66 42 24 56 2 70 44 26 57 2 65 50 15 57 2 72 44 28 62 3 67 46 21 56 3 66 49 17 57 3 56 54 2 55 4 55 38 17 46 4 56 44 12 50 4 56 43 13 49 5 72 33 39 53 5 62 39 23 51 5 48 40 8 44 6 82 46 36 64 6 68 48 10 53 6 56 40 16 48 7 69 44 25 56 7 48 46 2 47 7 60 28 32 44 8 64 40 24 22 8 52 40 12 46 8... :.. 64 32 32 48 9 64 45 19 55 9 64 36 28 50 9 66 38 28 52 10 65 42 23 54 10 70 36 34 53 10 74 37 37 55 11 63 44 19 54 11 72 46 26 59 11 74 38 36 56 12 69 39 30 54 12 78 42 36 60 12 74 44 30 59 13 76 41 35 59 13 76 46 30 61 13....... 70 47 23 59 14 81 47 34 64 14 68 40 28 54 14 68 52 16 60 15 78 53 25 65 15 54 50 4 52 15 68 40 28 54 16 82 48 34 65 16 70 38 32 54 16 56 30 26 43 17 60 54 6 57 17 76 44 32 60 17 53 42 11 47 18 60 47 13 53 18 77 45 32 61 18 58 36 22 47 19 60 43 17 51 19 77 40 37 58 19 55 36 19 46 20 70 36 34 53 20 63 47 16 55 20 60 31 29 46 21 54 49 5 52 21 60 41 19 51 21 34 30 4 32 22 62 49 13 56 22 58 44 14 51 22 34 28 6 31 23 71 40 31 55 23 69 34 34 51 23 37 26 11 31 24 78 47 31 63 24 74 41 33 58 24 42 21 21 31 25 88 50 38 69 25 54 48 6 51 25 54 26 48 40 25 65 50 15 58 26 50 44 6 47 26 60 32 38 46 27 70 45 25 58 |27 64 33 31 48 27 65 30 35 47 28 78 49 29 64 l28 75 42 33 58 28 61 38 23 50 29 62 48 14 55 ,29 72 44 28 58 29 60 32 28 46 30 64 45 19 55 30 75 44 31 60 30 54 31 23 43 31 68 40 28 54 '' 68 45 23 57 1 2,132 1,389 743 ' 2,034 1 1,334 1 700 1,755 1,088 667 Mean.... 68-7 44-8 j 23-9 56-79 1 65-6 43-03 22-5 54-3 58-5 36-27 22-23 314 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 1911 CALGARY—Contini ei. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 ) October. November December Day of Month. Temperature. Mean Daily Temp. Day of Month. Temperature. Mean Daily Temp. Day of Month. Temperature. Mean Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily 1 Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Tennp 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 55 38 50 56 56 65 74 74 74 68 58 61 62 59 60 60 46 40 42 46 60 53 36 32 38 37 42 52 44 37 25 38 34 34 30 28 30 31 40 37 43 42 33 34 42 34 32 27 26 17 25 34 35 34 32 14 15 14 17 20 20 20 17 4 16 26 28 35 43 34 37 25 16 28 28 17 26 28 19 14 25 21 26 18 2 10 24 22 28 35 24 17 5 46 36 42 43 42 47 53 57 55 55 50 47 48 50 47 46 37 33 29 35 47 44 35 27 26 26 28 34 32 29 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 50 48 43 40 34 14 3 - 6 - 8 1 6 -10 - 6 37 25 40 48 39 32 39 30 45 51 37 26 18 44 44 45 4 18 26 32 21 24 8 0 -10 -21 -20 -17 -16 -17 -13 0 18 14 25 20 14 8 17 18 28 18 6 2 31 34 28 32 22 11 19 9 6 3 4 13 21 23 6 11 50 25 22 34 14 12 25 22 28 33 9 8 12 42 13 11 18 34 37 37 31 30 11 2 - 8 -15 -10 lit -12 12 12 29 31 32 26 26 19 31 34 33 22 12 23 38 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 50 44 48 44 41 41 44 44 39 35 40 40 41 42 38 38 28 39 34 32 37 50 28 12 24 -10 -21 -19 12 22 27 26 32 26 14 26 24 30 20 12 26 17 20 15 20 14 6 28 26 8 26 11 4 - 3 5 -10 -20 -26 -30 , -26 28 17 22 12 15 27 18 20 9 15 28 14 24 22 23 18 14 33 6 6 29 24 17 8 27 9 10 10 5 11 38 36 35 37 38 34 28- 35 34 35 28 26 33 29- 31 27 29> 21 22 31 29 23. 38 20 8 11 10 - 5 -15 -24 -24 1,600 902 698 I 841 273 568 929 1 370 559 51-61 29-09 22-52 28 03 9.10 18-93 1 29-97 ■ 11-94 1 : 18-04 BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 315 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 1911 BANFF. January. i February. March. Temperature. Temper.\ture. Temperature. Day Mean Day Mean Day Mean of Month. Daily Temp. of Month. Daily Temp. of Month. Daily Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. Mai. Min. Daily Range. i Max. Min. Daily Range. o o o o 0 o = = ' o c , 1 -11-8 -32-7 20-9 -22-2 1 -7-8 -19-5 11-7 13-7 1 41-3 5-1 36-2 23 2 2 9-1 -23-4 82-5 -7 2 2 17-2 -29-8 47 -6-3 2 41-3 14-3 26 7 27 7 3 25-9 6-3 19-6 Ifi 1 3 22-7 12-2 10-5 17-5 3 36-2 20-8 15 4 ;>8 ?!■ 4 33-6 15 18-6 24 3 4 24 10-9 13-1 17-5 4 34-9 2-9 32 0 18 q- 5 33-8 28-2 5-6 31 0 5 31-1 13-2 18-1 22-3 5 34-4 5 29 4 19 8- 6 35-7 1 28-4 7-3 32 1 6 25-2 13-6 11-6 19-4 6 40-8 20-5 20 3 30 7 32 1 23-2 8-8 27 6 7 23-6 10-8 12-8 17-2 7 40-2 30-7 9 5 35 h' 8 24 - 4-2 28-2 9 9 8 24-1 5-9 18-2 15-0 8 34-7 27-8 6 9 31 3. 9 - 4 -26 22 -15 0 9 33-7 16-2 17-5 25-0 9 34-4 25-7 8 7 .30 1 10 -24-6 -33-3 8-7 -29 0 10 32-8 17-8 15 25-3 10 32-6 27-7 4 9 30 0 11 -28-4 -32-8 4-4 -30 6 11 35-6 12-6 23 24-1 11 32 21-2 10 8 26 6 12 -30-7 -36-5 5-8 -33 6 12 30-3 18-4 11-9 24-4 12 39-8 23-3 16 5 31 6 13 2-8 -36-5 39-3 -16 9 13 27-7 6-9 20-8 17-3 13 42-6 33-8 8 8 38 ■■> 14 5 -14-3 19-3 -4 7 14 28-3 4-8 23-5 16-6 14 40 18-9 21 1 29 5 15 14-2 - 6-3 20-5 4 0 15 24-4 7 17-4 15-7 15 45-6 17-8 27 8 31 16 20-2 3-2 17 11 7 16 21-7 -8-3 30-0 6-7 16 45-2 2'- 7 22 5 38 9 17 31 1 13-2 17-8 22 1 17 25 4-7 20-3 14-9 17 43-8 14-5 29 3 29 •> 18 30-7 1 -1-6 32-3 14 6 18 24-3 -7-3 31-6 8-5 18 47-6 29-9 17 7 38 8 19 25-9 1-2 24-7 13 6 19 24-3 -15-3 39-6 4-5 19 50 38-5 11 5 44 3 20 23-3 8-2 15-8 15 7 20 24-4 14-1 10-3 19-3 20 49-4 36-9 12 5 43 -> 21 18-3 -6-6 24 5 9 21 32 -14-6 46-6 8-7 21 46-3 28-8 17 5 37 6 22 20-1 10-7 9-4 15 4 22 31-3 -8-2 39-5 11-6 22 52-1 26-3 25 3 39 ■> 23 22-2 17-2 5-0 19 7 23 36-2 -4 40-2 16-1 23 50 29-4 20 6 39 7 24 26-2 3 23-2 14 6 24 33 20-4 12-6 26-7 24 42-3 29-5 12 8 35 \h 25 3-7 -18 21-7 -7 2 25 23 -2-5 25-3 10-4 25 34-8 23-2 11 6 29 0 26 -10-2 -23-4 13-2 -16 8 26.. .. 19-3 -5-2 24-5 7-1 26 36-7 131 23 6 24 9 27 18 -32 50 — 7 0 27 27 -8-3 35-3 9-4 27 38-2 24 14 2 31 1 28 25-8 13 12-8 19 4 28 36- 1 -4-4 40-5 15-9 28 44-2 31-8 12 4 38 0 29 21-6 30-9 26-8 5-7 17 -8-2 15-9 13-9 35 13 24 9 7 0 3 29 , 30 ! 31 48 44-6 31-1 38-6 28-3 21-7 11 16 9 4 3 4 42 36 26 ?; 30 . I S 31 1 I 1 451-1 -230-0 593-4'.... 730-7 62-3 668-4 ! 1274-8 733-5 544-1 1 14-55 -7-42 1 1 19-14 ' 42 26-09 2-22 23-87 14-15 1 41-12 23-57 17-55 32 40 316 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1911 BAISIYF— -Continued. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 April. May. June. Temperature. Temperature. Temperature. Day Mean Dav Mean Dav Mean of Month. Daily Temp. of Month. Daily Temp, of Month. Daily Temp. Max. Mia. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. o o 0 o o = o o o o » 1 28-3 21-8 6-5 25- 1 1 57 28-4 28-6 42-7 1 71 33-8 37-2 52-4 2 23-3 12-8 10-5 18 1 2 54-6 25-9 28-7 40 3 2 71-3 35-2 36-1 53 3 3 19-4 4-8 14-6 12 1 3 57 40-5 16-5 48 8 3 59-1 38 21-1 48 6 4 28 -13-7 41-7 7 2 4 60- 1 42-4 17-7 51 3 4 57 29-3 27-7 43 2 5 28-9 -7-3 36-2 10 8 5 59-5 32 3 27-2 45 9 5 59 31-4 27-6 45 2 6 34-7 20-2 14-5 27 5 6 56-2 34-8 21-4 45 5 6 59-3 35-2 24-1 47 3 7 40-4 10-8 29-6 25 6 7 55-4 33-5 21-9 44 5 7 50 36-5 13-5 43 3 8 48-8 22-9 25-9 35 9 8 51 29 22 40 0 8 60-4 37-8 22-6 49 1 9 45-3 23 22-3 34 2 9 50-4 30-3 20-1 40 4 9 60-3 44-9 15-4 52 6 10 42 28-8 13-2 35 4 10 52-4 30-3 22-1 41 4 10 66-2 44-2 22 55 2 11 30-7 19-7 110 25 2 11 51-1 30-8 20-3 41 0 11 74 39 35 56 5 12 36 10-8 25-2 23 4 12 48-6 33-9 14-7 41 3 12 76-6 42-2 34-4 69 4 13 34-9 14-8 20- 1 24 9 13 39 33- 1 5-9 36 1 13 72-4 39 33-4 55 7 14 43-1 17-7 25-4 30 4 14 57-9 32-3 25-6 45 1 14 69-6 39-4 30-2 54 5 15 49-1 22-2 26-9 35 7 15 55-7 28-3 27-4 42 0 15 73-4 37-9 35-5 55 7 16 47 39-2 7-8 43 1 16 55-8 39-9 15-9 47 9 16 70-3 40-6 29-7 55 5 17 44 27-3 16-7 35 6 17 52 41-5 10-5 46 8 17 74-3 38 36-3 66 2 18 47-7 25-2 22-5 36 5 18 57-7 37-9 19-8 47 9 18 74-5 37 37-5 66 8 19 53-2 347 18-5 44 0 19 53-4 38-7 14-7 46 1 19 - 72-5 45-2 27-3 58 9 20 61-4 25-3 36-1 43 4 20 58-8 29 29-8 43 9 20 67 39-5 27-5 63 3 21 63 28-3 34-7 45 7 21 52-1 39-3 12-8 45 7 21 65-2 39-8 25-4 52 5 22 55-3 36-7 18-6 46 0 22 48 28-3 19-7 38 2 22 74 50-2 23-8 62 1 23 58-7 26-6 32-1 42 7 23 38 28-2 9-8 33 1 23 65-4 38-3 27-1 51 9 24 60-5 28-5 32 44 5 24 40 29-8 10-2 34 9 24 65-3 47-2 18-1 56 3 25 54 35-9 18-1 45 0 25 46-8 28-1 18-7 37 5 25 60-6 41-2 19-4 55 9 26 49 26 23 37 5 26 47-2 26-3 20-9 36 8 26 65-3 38-7 26-6 52 0 27 46-2 27-4 18-8 36 8 27 48 26-2 21-8 37 1 27 61-1 50-1 11-0 55 6 28 49 27 22 38 0 28 59-5 24-3 35-2 41 9 28 68-3 49-2 19-1 58 8 29 55 19-9 35-4 37 5 29 64-2 27-8 36-4 46 0 29 69-7 41-8 27 55 8 30 60-5 22-2 38-3 41 4 30 31 69-6 74-4 35-9 34-5 33-7 39-9 52 54 8 5 30 55-1 45-8 9-3 50 5 1 1337-7 639-5 698-2 1671-4 1001-5 669-9 1998-2 1206-4 781-8 44-6 21-31 23-27 53-91 32-3 21-6 43 11 66-27 40-2 26-06 53-24 1 BOW RITER POWER AXD STORAGE 317 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 1911 BA^FF— Continued. July. August. Septembeh Te.mper.\tu RE. Temper.\ture. Temper.\ture. Day Mean Day Mean j Day Mean of Daily of Daily i of Daily Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Max. Mb. Daily Range. Max. Mb. Daily Range. Max. Mb. Daily Range. o o 0 o o » 0 o 0 o 0 o 1 65-8 46-9 18-9 56-4 1 64-8 44-9 19-9 54-9 1 71-5 38-3 33-2 54-9 2 59-8 48 8 11 54-6 2 62-1 42-9 19-2 52-5 2 71-9 35-7 36-2 53 8 3 59-3 42 7 16 6 51-0 3 64-9 44-9 20 54-9 3 65-4 50-1 15-3 57 8 4 54-3 39 9 14 4 47-1 4 62 42-2 19-8 52-1 4 51 43-3 7-7 47 2 5 69-4 30 0 38 9 50-0 0 54-9 40-8 14-1 47-9 5 47-2 39-7 7-5 43 5 6 73-4 38 3 35 1 55-9 6 53 45-2 7-8 49-1 6 45-8 35-6 10-2 40 7 ( 58-8 43 3 15 5 51-1 7 50 43 7 46-5 7 56-3 29 27-3 42 7 8 59-7 39 20 7 49-4 8 51 36-4 14-6 43-7 8 60 38-9 21-4 49 5 9 60-8 45 9 14 9 53-4 9 64 37-7 26-3 50-9 9 61-1 32 29-1 46 6 10 65-4 42 8 22 6 54-1 10 66-6 32-9 33-7 49-8 10 70-7 29-8 40-9 50 3 11 60-9 35 8 25 1 48-4 11 67-4 34-3 33-1 50-9 11 72-2 31-8 40-4 52 0 12 70-1 30 8 39 3 50-5 12 69-5 34-8 34-7 52-2 12 72-4 32-8 39-6 52 6 13 79-3 34 2 45 1 56-8 13 67 36-5 30-5 51-8 13 66-7 46 20-7 56 4 14 84 37 8 46 2 60-9 14 70-8 36-4 34-4 53-6 14... . 60 46 14 53 0 15 84-3 42 6 41 7 63-5 15 60 37-4 22-6 48-7 15 54-6 38-6 16 46 6 16 83-5 44 2 39 3 63-9 16 67-5 35-8 31-7 51-7 16 48-3 39-7 8-6 44 0 17 77-6 52 1 25 5 64-9 17 73-7 37-8 35-9 55-8 17 51-1 38 13-1 44 6 IS 60-8 41 9 18 9 51-4 [ 18 76-2 32-5 43-7 54-4 18 51 35-3 15-7 43 2 19 58-4 40 7 17 7 49-6 1 19 73-6 36-2 37-4 54-9 19 53-2 33-2 20 43 2 20 74-4 36 2 38 2 55-3 20 58-4 39-3 19-1 48-9 20 51 34-3 16-7 42 7 21 10-0 48 4 27 1 62-0 21 57-9 32-7 25-2 45-3 21 47-3 29-2 18-1 38 3 22 69-9 44 2 25 7 57-1 22 57-2 42-3 14-9 49-8 22 33 26-4 6-6 29 7 23 73-5 37 4 36 1 55-5 23 68-2 31-2 37-0 49-7 23 35-6 25-1 10-5 30 4 24 83-5 42 4 41 1 63-0 24 70-1 33-2 36-9 51-7 24 43-2 18-6 24-6 30 9 25 86-2 1 42 3 43 9 64-3 25 63-3 41-6 21-7 52-5 25 53-5 23-2 30-3 38 4 26 78-2 47 5 30 7 62-9 26 56- 1 39-1 17-0 47-6 26 59-4 25 34-4 42 2 27 68-1 40 3 27 8 54-2 27 68-3 35-9 32-4 52-1 27 54-3 28-2 26-1 41 3 28 73-1 43 8 29 3 58-5 28 67 40-8 26-2 53-9 28 54-1 39-4 14-7 46 8 29 70 ; 48 9 21 1 59-5 29 64-3 45- 1 19-2 54-7 29 52-1 34-4 17-7 43 3 30 65-5 ! 39 3 26 2 52-4 30 67 48-8 18-2 57-9 30 48-8 26-4 22-4 37 6 31 68-2 1 37 31 2 52-6 31 70-4 48-7 21-7 59-6 2171-7 11285-9 885 8 1987-2 !l211-3 775-9 1663-0 1024-0 639 70-05' 41-48 ?,H 57 64-10 39-07 25-02 55-4 34-13 21-3 25e— 22 318 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOK 1911 BA:SFF— Concluded. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 October. i November. i Dece.mber Temperature. Temper.\tcre. TEMPERATrBE. Day Mean Dav Mean Day Mean of Dailv of Dailv of Daily Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. . o o 1 o . o » o 1 0 . . 1 48-4 26-2 22-2 37-3 I 42-1 6-8 35-3 24-5 1 39-7 ', 29-7 10 34-7 2 46-9 32-7 14-2 39-8 2 45-8 18-9 26-9 32-4 2 37 15-9 21-1 26-5 3 47-5 32-5 15-0 40-0 3 39-4 24-4 1 15-0 31-9 3 31-2 16 15-2 23-6 4 47-2 28-5 18-7 37-9 4 41-4° 30-9 10-5 36-2 ■ 4 33-9 12-4 21-5 23-2 5 51 29-2 21-8 40- 1 5 36-2 22-1 14- 1 29-2 5 33-2 23-4 9-8 28-3 6 53-9 34 19-9 44-0 6 35-8 22-8 13-0 29-3 6 33 , 10-2 22-8 21-6 64-5 39-2 25-3 51-9 7 31-8 8 23-8 19-9 7 32-2 24-2 8-0 28-2 8 62-4 29-8 32-6 46-1 8 9-5 -42 13-7 2-7 ! 8 36-2 28 8-2 321 9 63-4 27-6 35-6 45-5 9 -1-5 -16-3 14-8 -8-9 1 9 35-0 26-6 9-4 30-8 10 60 31-8 28-2 45-9 10 -8-8 -35-7 26-9 -22-3 10 30 ! 18 12 24-0 11 57-3 27-3 30 42-3 11 0-4 -37-1 37-5 -18-7 1 11 26-3 1 6 20-3 16-2 12 60-8 27-2 33-6 44-0 12 1-2 -11-4 12-6 -5-1 12 30-3 ! 22-1 8-2 26-2 13 56-3 31-4 24-9 43-9 13 -8-2 -17-6 9-4 -12-9 13 29 12-7 16-3 20-9 14 51-5 39-8 11-7 45-7 14 19-2 -17-1 36-3 11 14 28-3 19-2 9-1 23-7 15 52 35-7 16-3 43-9 15 32-8 17-8 15-0 25-3 15 27 15-9 111 21-5 16 53-3 43-6 9-7 48-5 16 30 18-8 11-2 24-4 16 24-2 9-6 14-6 16-9 17 45 26-8 18-2 35-9 17 33-4 24-2 9-2 28-8 17 13 -8-3 21-3 2-4 18 40-2 26-1 14-1 33-2 18 42-3 31-7 10-6 37-0 18 20-8 2-9 17-9 11-9 19 38 17-4 20-6 27-7 19 37 27-7 9-3 .■52-4 19 22-8 10-9 11-9 16-9 20 43-7 23-8 19-9 33-8 20 35-0 22-8 12-7 29-2 20 26-7 10 16-7 18-4 21 53-8 28-3 25-5 41-1 21 37-3 21-8 15-5 34-6 21 18-9 -0-1 19 9-4 22 49-2 22-3 26-9 35-8 22 31-2 8-8 22-4 20-0 22 36-5 16-8 19-7 26-7 23 39-3 28 11-3 33-7 23 32-9 14-0 18-9 23-5 23 33 11-8 21-2 22-4 24 38-3 23-8 14-5 31-1 24 36-9 i 20-7 16-2 28-8 24 13 -12-9 25-9 0-1 25 41-6 9-8 31-8 25-7 25 35-8 27-8 80 31-8 25 13-4 -12-7 26-1 0-4 26 41-4 6-8 34-6 24-1 26 28-3 8-5 19-8 18-4 26 11-2 -13-3 24-5 -1-1 27 40-5 9 31-5 24-8 27 15 -13-9 28-9 -0-6 27 11-6 -11 22-6 0-3 28 47-9 11 36-9 29-5 1 28 20-8 0-8 20-0 10-8 1 28 -8-9 -17-4 8-5 -13-2 29 41-3 10 31-3 25-7 i 29 25-7 1 13-3 12-4 19-5 29 -15 -25-7 10-7 -20-3 30 44 11-5 32-5 27-7 1 30 33-2 ' 20-3 12-9 26-8 i 30 0-2 1-28-8 29 -14-3 31 32-3 15-8 16-5 24-1 i 31 7-3 1-26-3 33-6 -9-5 1 1512-7 786-9 725-8 1 792-4 259-6 532-8 711-0 185-8 525-2 48-79 25-4 23-4 ' 26-41[ 8-65 17-76 22-93 5-99 16-94 BOW RITER POWER AND STORAGE 3\9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 1910 CALGARY. January. Fkbruaky. March. 1 Temper.\ture. Temperature. Te.mperature. Day Mean Day Mean Day Mean of Daily of Daily of Daily Month. Temp. Month. 1 Temp. Month. Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. . ° o o , o = 0 0 • 1 2 -16 18 -7 1 21 6 15 13-5 1 48 16 32 32 2 9 , -9 18 0 2 34 0 34 17 2 50 32 18 41 3 14 : -2 16 6 S 41 15 26 28 3 48 20 28 34 4 14 3 11 8-5 4 40 14 26 27 4 30 20 10 25 5 24 2 22 13 5 49 17 32 33 5 36 16 20 26 6 27 2 25 14-5 6 47 26 21 36-5 6 37 10 27 23-5 7 30 i 16 14 23 7 30 23 7 26-5 ' 7 44 18 26 31 8 30 1 16 14 23 8 26 2 24 14 ' 8 .34 18 16 25 9 26 i 12 14 19 9 37 4 33 20-5 ; 9 50 12 38 31 10 26 4 22 15 10 27 20 7 23-5 10 58 40 18 49 11 27 7 20 17 11 30 12 18 21 Ill 62 37 25 49-5 12 32 ! 5 27 18-5 12 34 4 30 19 12 60 36 24 48 13 36 7 29 21-5 13 18 16 2 17 13 60 26 34 43 14 39 9 30 24 14 0 -2 2 -1 14 62 30 32 46 15 22 12 10 17 15 -2 -17 15 -9-5 15 62 34 28 48 16 33 ; -2 35 15-5 , 16 5 -23 28 -9 16 64 29 35 46-5 17 36 1 7 29 21-5 ' 17 4 -14 18 -5 17 62 32 30 47 18 41 1 22 19 31-5 18 12 -5 17 3-5 18 62 32 30 47 19 30 1 22 8 26 19 6 0 6 3 19 59 32 27 45-5 20 34 3 31 18-5 20 -7 -10 3 8-5 20 66 31 35 48-5 31 42 ! 13 29 27-5 21 -12 -18 6 -15 21 67 40 27 53.5 22 40 32 8 36 22 -7 -32 25 -19-5 22 63 31 32 47 23 30 24 6 27 23 4 -25 29 -10-5 23 47 40 7 43-5 24 49 21 28 35 24 0 -15 15 -7-5 24 42 32 10 37 25 40 1 32 8 36 25 1 -14 15 -6-5 25 48 27 21 37-5 26 37 1 19 18 28 26 36 -10 46 13 26 52 25 27 38-5 27 45 15 30 30 27 41 20 21 31-5 ,27 51 36 15 43-5 28 31 24 7 27-5 28 24 16 8 20 l28 48 24 24 36 29 40 5 35 22-5 29 48 13 35 30-5 30 50 25 25 37-0 1 30 56 35 21 45-5 31 28 22 6 25 31 44 27 851 17 35-5 964 352 612 539 10 52% 1620 769 Mean. 3109 11-35 19-74 Mean. 19-25 •357 18-89 Mean. 52-26 27-45 24-81 25e— 22i 320 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1910 CALGARY— Continued. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 April. Mat. June. Temperature. Temperature. Temperature. Day Mean Day Mean Day Mean of Daily of Daily of Daily Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. . 0 o 0 = o 0 o o 0 o o 1 54 28 26 41 1 53 18 35 35-5 1 60 37 23 48-5 2 46 24 22 35 2 62 22 40 42 2 41 30 11 36-5 3 50 26 24 38 3 65 30 35 47-5 3 56 . 33 23 44-5 4 59 22 37 40-5 4 69 31 38 50 4 70 37 33 53-5 5 65 22 43 43-5 5 74 36 38 55 5 76 37 39 56-5 6 40 34 6 37 6 77 38 39 57-5 6 77 47 30 62 7 56 22 34 39 7 74 46 28 60 7 60 44 16 52 8 60 26 34 43 8 56 40 16 48 8 66 46 20 56 9 66 28 38 47 9 50 33 17 41-5 9 75 40 35 57-5 10 60 33 27 46-5 10 42 34 8 38 10 84 44 40 64 11 53 35 18 44 11 52 33 19 42-5 11 87 46 41 66-5 12 67 27 40 47 12 70 33 37 51-5 12 64 44 20 54 13 50 32 18 41 13 68 39 23 53-5 13 75 36 39 55-5 14 50 24 16 37 14 54 40 14 47 14 78 42 36 60 15 64 20 44 42 15 54 35 19 44-5 15 83 44 39 63-5 16 64 40 24 52 16 70 26 44 48 16 77 51 26 64 17 63 26 37 44-5 17 74 46 28 60 17 72 52 20 62 18 78 30 48 54 18 51 40 11 45-5 18 72 42 30 67 19 80 36 44 58 19 52 36 16 44 19 79 42 37 60-5 20 57 50 7 53-8 20 58 33 25 45-5 20 72 50 22 61 21 59 25 34 42-5 21 75 32 43 53-5 21 64 47 17 55-5 22 68 29 39 48-5 22 67 47 20 57 22 61 34 27 47-5 23 76 40 36 58 23 75 37 38 56 23 61 46 15 53-5 24 83 40 43 61-5 24 80 40 40 60 24 77 42 35 59-5 25 84 42 42 63 25 80 45 35 62-5 25 84 43 41 63-5 26 58 47 11 52-5 26 70 44 26 57 26 87 44 43 65-5 27 68 28 40 48 27 64 36 28 50 27 83 46 37 64-5 28 48 40 8 44 28 60 33 27 46-5 28 70 50 30 60 29 54 36 18 45 29 70 38 32 54 29 75 48 27 61-5 30 38 31 7 34-5 30 31 72 60 37 47 35 13 54-5 53-5 30 74 48 26 61-0 1818 943 875 1998 1125 873 2160 1292 868 Mean. 60-6 31-43 29-16 Mean. 64-45 36-29 28-16 Mean. 72-0 43-07 28-93 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 321 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 1910 CALGARY — Continued. July. August. September. Temperature. Temperature. Temperature. Day Mean Day Mean Day Mean of Daily of Daily of Daily Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Mas. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. 0 " 0 o 0 0 0 o . o . 0 1 74 49 25 61-5 1 72 46 26 59 1 60 42 18 51 2 75 44 31 59-5 2 72 46 26 59 2 70 35 35 52-5 3 74 42 32 58 3 77 41 36 59 3 67 45 22 56 4 77 41 36 59 4 76 44 32 69 4 59 45 14 52 5 78 43 35 60-5 0 54 52 2 53 5 56 45 11 50-5 6 81 44 37 62-5 6 72 50 22 61 6 44 41 3 42-5 7 68 51 17 59-5 7 71 48 23 59-5 7 45 34 11 39-5 8 68 46 22 57 8 79 42 37 60-5 8 47 33 14 40 9 76 44 32 60 9 81 48 23 64-5 9 62 28 34 45 10 66 46 20 56 10 78 50 28 64 10 58 34 24 46 11 79 41 38 60 11 76 46 30 61 11 46 33 13 39-5 12 88 47 41 67-5 12 72 46 26 59 12 60 30 30 45 13 90 52 38 71 13 66 48 18 57 13 62 34 28 48 14 80 54 26 67 14 65 50 15 57-5 14 70 32 38 51 15 83 57 26 70 15 59 42 17 50-5 15 80 44 36 62 16 92 51 41 71-5 16 57 42 15 49-5 16 76 50 26 63 17 88 50 38 69 17 70 36 34 53 17 72 46 26 59 18 80 49 41 64-5 18 76 42 34 59 18 75 43 32 59 19 82 44 38 63 19 84 43 41 64 19 76 44 32 60 20 84 45 39 64-5 20 80 45 35 62-5 20 77 50 27 63-5 21 85 55 30 70 21 72 40 32 56 21 62 46 16 54 22 80 55 25 67-5 22 61 40 21 50-5 22 52 39 13 45-5 23 78 53 25 65-5 23 42 34 8 42 23 60 38 22 49 24 75 42 33 58-5 24 62 30 32 46 24 36 31 5 33-2 25. 77 37 40 57 25 68 33 35 50-5 25 54 18 36 36 26 59 43 16 51 26 64 32 32 48 26 66 36 30 41 27 74 35 39 54-5 27 67 36 31 51-5 27 63 38 25 50-5 28 67 48 19 .57-5 28 64 40 24 52 28 62 34 28 48 29 74 50 24 62 29 56 41 15 48-5 29 65 39 26 52 30 75 48 27 61-5 30 56 38 18 47 30 59 36 23 47-5 31 78 48 30 63 31 50 44 6 47 2405 1454 951 j 2099 1315 784 1841 1143 698 Mean. 77-58 46-9 30-68 Mean. 67-71 42-42 25-29 Mean. 61-36 38-1 23-26 322 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1910 CALGARY— Concluded. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 October. NOVEMBEB December. Temper.\ture. Temperature. Temper.atcre Dav Mean Day Mean Day Mean of Daily of , Daily of Daily Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. c = o o c = 0 0 0 0 = 0 1 64 39 25 51-5 1 39 20 19 29-5 1 13 6 7 9-5 2 57 33 24 45-0 2 55 24 31 39-5 2 10 7 3 8-5 3 54 28 26 41 3 32 31 1 31-5 3 11 4 ( 7-5 4 52 37 15 44-5 4 38 20 18 29 4 11 5 6 8 5 60 28 32 44 5 47 20 17 28-5 \ 5 20 0 20 10 6 68 34 34 51 6 42 31 11 36-5 6 20 15 •T 17-5 7 59 42 17 50-5 7 30 20 10 25 7 39 5 34 22 8 76 34 42 55 8 40 26 14 33 8 40 17 23 28-5 9 52 41 11 46-5 9 22 17 5 19-5 9 34 18 16 24 10 50 38 12 44 10 15 15 10 20 ' 10 27 6 21 16-5 11 48 34 14 41 11 45 21 24 33 11 44 8 36 26 12 48 39 9 43-5 12 45 16 29 30-5 12 46 30 16 38 13 62 28 34 45 13 39 12 27 25-5 13 53 27 26 40 14 64 36 28 50 il4 25 17 28 31 14 43 29 14 36 15 75 58 17 66-5 il5 42 21 21 31-5 15 44 30 14 37 16 62 42 ■ 20 52 116 37 20 17 28-5 16 44 1 26 18 35 17 44 39 5 41-5 !l7 47 16 31 31-5 17 38 ; 30 8 34 18 42 1 34 8 38 il8 32 20 12 26 18 48 ; 26 22 37 19 52 22 30 37 il9 32 16 16 24 19 51 34 17 42-3 20 58 33 25 45-5 120 30 16 14 21 20 53 33 20 43 21 51 32 19 41-5 I2I 48 1 20 28 34 21 38 28 10 33 22 52 31 21 41-5 (22 44 26 18 35 22 33 5 28 19 23 49 26 23 37-5 23 38- 22 16 30 23 42 19 23 30-5 24 48 33 15 40-5 24 34 18 16 24 24 37 18 19 27-5 25 44 31 13 37-5 25 24 14 10 19 25 41 14 27 27-5 26 38 26 12 32 26 21 18 3 19-5 26 31 24 7 27-5 27 44 12 32 28 27 20 14 6 17 27 21 20 1 20-5 28 59 27 32 43 28 19 I 12 7 15-5 28 28 5 23 16-5 29 58 36 22 47 29 14 11 3 12-5 29 2 -3 5 -0-5 30 46 26 20 36 30 15 11 4 13 30 1 -7 8 -30 31 42 22 20 32 31 -10 -13 3 -11-5 1 1678 1021 657 1 1041 j 565 476 i ( 1 953 466 487 Mean. 5413 32-9 21-19 Mean. 34-7 188 158 Mean. 30-74 15-03 15-71 BOW BITER POWER AXD STORAGE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 1910 BANFF. 323 J. l.NU.VRT Febrc.\rt. M.\RCH. Temperature. Temper.\tl"re. TE-MPER.\TURE. Day Mean Dav Mean , Day Mean of — Daily of Daily of Daily M(»ith. Temp. Month. Temp. Month. Temp. Mai. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. = o o . 1 0 o o 1 3-8 -.32-7 36-5 -14-5 1 22-2 - 4-4 26-6 9 1 39-3 16-2 23-1 27-7 2 - 6-2 -35 28-8 -20-4 2 19-9 - 2-3 22-2 9 2 41-5 32-8 8-7 37-1 3 8-5 -11-1 19-6 - 1-8 3 311 14-4 16-7 22-7 3 39-3 30-7 8-6 35-0 4 7-8 -19-6 27-4 - 6 4 30 13-8 16-2 22 4 33-2 27-9 5-3 30-5 5 13-2 - 1 14-2 6 5 28-6 ; 3 25-6 15-8 a 30-2 21 9-2 25-6 6 14 1-2 12-8 7-6 6 28-8 10-4 18-4 19-6 6 31-2 5-7 25-5 18-4 7 15-2 8 7-2 11-6 ( 28-3 1 5-7 22-6 17 7 35-2 24-3 10-9 29-7 8 20-6 0-0 15-1 13 8 22-9 -13-4 36-3 4-7 8 34-2 15-8 lS-4 25-0 9 16 - 2-8 18-8 6-6 9 • 24-9 - 0-1 25 12-4 9 38-7 6 32-7 22-3 10 15-7 - 2-8 18-5 6-4 10 28-2 : 16-7 11-5 22-3 10 46-2 26-9 19-3 36-5 11 17-6 - 31 20-7 7-2 11 26-9 2-2 24-7 14-5 11 48-2 26- 1 22-1 37-1 12 22 - 2-3 24-3 10 12 23 - 71 30-1 8-0 12 50-1 42-1 8-0 46-1 13 23-2 2-4 20-8 12-8 13 19 11 8 15 13 53- 1 22-2 30-9 37-6 14 23 6-3 16-7 14-6 14 14-2 - 1 15-2 6-6 14 52-9 22 30-9 37-4 15 22-2 12 10-2 171 15 3-2 -15-1 18-3 - 6 15 52-6 18-4 34-2 35-5 16 16-6 - 8-7 25-3 41 16 8-5 -26-5 35 - 9-5 16 52-7 19-3 33-4 -36-0 17 23-5 10-9 12-6 16-9 i 17 15 - 0-7 15-7 7 ' 17 49-1 26 23- 1 .37-6 18 35-3 19-2 16-1 27-2 1 18 15-8 -17-6 33-4 - 1-1 18 49-3 36 13-3 42-6 19 31-4 18-3 13-1 24-8 ; 19 13-8 - 6-9 20-7 3-4 19 53-3 25-1 28-2 39-2 20 27-8 15-3 12-5 21-5 20 5-5 -11 16-5 - 3 1 20 50-8 30-3 20-5 40-5 21 30-8 17-8 13-0 24-3 21 - 5-8 -21-6 15-8 - 3-7 1 21 53-2 34-3 18-9 43-7 22 41-9 36-4 15-5 34 22...... 0-1 -.30-4 30-5 -15-2 1 22 52-8 29-8 23 0 41-3 23 43-9 34-5 9-4 39-2 i 23 14-4 -10 24-4 - 2-2 23 48 30-3 17-7 1 39-1 24 41-7 33-8 7-9 37-7 24 20 1-0 19 10-5 24 36-3 29-4 6 9 32-7 25 39-3 25-7 13-6 32-5 25 28-3 - 2-9 31-2 12-7 25 38-9 20-7 I.;- 2 29-8 26 27-3 13-9 13-4 20-6 26 26-8 - 2-1 28-9 12-3 26 38-2 29-4 8-.S 33-8 27 29-8 21-7 8-1 25-7 27 32 23-4 8-6 27-7 1 27 39-8 25-1 n-7 .32-4 28 28 18-9 9-1 23-4 28 28-2 i 8-4 19-8 18-3 1 28 37-9 24-8 l.M bl.3 29 30-2 3-6 26-6 17 29 38-8 21-2 17 Q 30 0 30 37-2 24-2 13 . 30-7 30 42-1 33 9-1 37 5 31 32-8 21-3 11-5 27-0 1 I 31 38-1 19-6 l.S 5 2.>-S 734- 1 221-8 512-3 553-8 -63 1 616-9 1,345-2 772-4 572-8 Mean... 1 23-68 7- 15 16-52 Mean , 19-77 -2-25 22 03 iMean.... i 43-39 24-91 18-47 324 DEPARTMEIVT OF THE INTERIOR 1910 BA^FF^C ontinued. 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 April. May. June. Temperature. Temper.\ture. Temperature. Day Mean Day Mean Day Mean of Month. Dailv Temp.; of Month. Daily Temp. of Month. Daily Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. 1 Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. o o o 0 1 o o o o 0 o 0 o 1 43 18-9 24-1 31 1 47-9 18-3 29-6 33 1 59 36-4 22-6 47-7 2 37 26-1 10-9 31-6 2 54-9 22-4 32-5 38-6 2 42-6 29-3 13-3 35-9 3 39-3 12-9 26-4 26-1 ' 3 59-9 23-9 36-0 42 3 54-5 30-7 23-8 42-6 4 42-3 27-9 14-4 35-1 4 65-5 26-9 38-6 46-2 4 66-5 33-9 32-6 50-2 5 4M 33-5 7-6 37-3 5 71-3 30-1 41-2 50-7 5 70-1 32-3 37-8 51-2 6 40-9 32-7 8-2 36-8 6 67-8 34-1 33-7 51 6 67-2 41-7 25-5 54-5 7 40 25-8 14-2 32-9 7 67 40-1 26-9 53-5 7 56 33-9 22-1 45-0 8 46-3 29-8 16-5 38 8 60-8 39-3 21-5 50 8 62-4 39-8 22-6 51-0 9 53-8 29-2 24-6 41-5 9 56-9 27-3 29-6 42 9 61-3 35-2 26-1 48-3 10 57 29-9 27-1 43-5 10 45-3 33-2 121 39-2 10 77 41-8 35-2 59-4 11 56-9 34-7 22-2 45-8 11 60-8 29-3 31-5 45 11 76-5 48-8 37-7 57-6 12 52-4 31-8 20-6 42-1 12 58-7 36-9 21-8 47-3 12 56-3 43-3 13-0 49-8 13 43-3 29-4 13-9 36-3 1 13 58-4 34-7 23-7 46-5 13 66-3 43-3 23-0 54-8 14 41-1 18-4 22-7 29-7 14 50-2 34-3 15-9 42-2 14 70-4 33-5 36-9 52-0 15 53-3 24-7 28-6 39 15 50-9 30-4 20-5 40-6 15 74-2 42-2 32-0 58-2 16 56-4 35-1 21-3 45-7 16 60-9 27-9 33-0 44-4 16 70 37 33-0 53-5 17 59 28-8 30-2 44 17 61-8 45 16-8 53-4 17 60-2 45 15-2 52-6 18 6M 31-6 29-5 46-3 18 56-2 37-2 19-0 46-7 18 59-7 40-2 19-5 49-9 19 65-4 32-7 32-7 49 19 47-7 32-4 15-3 40 19 68-2 36 32-2 52-1 20 63-8 39-3 24-5 51-5 20 53-8 32-2 21-6 43 20 60-3 44-5 15-8 52-4 21 48-9 31-2 17-7 40 21 66-5 28-3 38-2 47-4 21 53-9 38 15-9 46-0 22 59 37-7 21-3 48-3 22 71-5 37-9 33-6 54-7 22 61-3 32 29-3 46-6 23 69-5 31-1 38-4 50-3 23 75-6 31-6 44-0 53-6 23 58-3 32 26-3 44-2 24 72-6 37-3 35-3 55-0 24 75-6 36-7 38-9 56-1 24 68-6 35 33-6 51-8 25 75-4 30-5 44-9 S3-0 25 73-3 44-4 28-9 58-8 25 74 40-5 33-5 57-3 26 72-8 33-3 39-5 53 26 58 41-2 16-2 49-3 26 75-4 40-2 35-2 57-8 27 63 36-4 26-6 49-7 27 53-2 37-2 16-0 45-2 27 75 36-8 38-2 55-9 28 54-3 33-6 20-7 44-0 28 57-1 28-8 28-3 42-9 28 71-2 41-9 29-3 56-6 29 44-5 31-9 12-6 38-2 29 62-5 42-2 20-3 52-3 29 66-0 41-0 25-0 53-5 30 42-8 30-2 12-6 36-5 30 31 61-4 60-2 30-9 41-9 30-5 18-3 46-1 51-0 30 64-7 40-5 24-2 52-6 1,596-2 906-4 689-8 1,871-6 1.037-0 834-6 1.947-1 1,136-7 810-4 1 Mean 53-20 30-21 22-99 Mean... 60-37 33-45 26-92 Mean... 64-9 j 37-8 27-0 BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 325 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e 1910 BA^FF— Continued. July. A CGUST. September. Temperatube. 1 Temper.atcre. Temper-^ture. Day Mean Day Mean Day Mean of Month. Daily Temp. of Month. Dailv Temp. of Month. Daily Temp. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. Max. Min. Daily Range. . o o ° 1 0 o o o o o o . 1 67-0 42-8 24-2 55-0 1 1 73 36-7 36-3 54-9 1 59-4 40-1 19-3 49-7 2 63 34-5 28-5 48-8 2 70-1 39-7 30-4 54-9 2 64-6 31 33 6 47-8 3 63-2 36 27-2 49-6 3 73-3 39-9 33-4 56-6 3 58-3 46-7 11 fi 52-5 4 68-3 36-5 31-8 52-4 4 73-2 40-5 32-7 56-8 4 58-2 42-8 15 4 50-5 5 72-7 34-8 37-9 53-8 5 51-2 40-1 11-1 45-7 5 56-3 40-2 16 1 48-3 6 70-9 45-5 25-4 58-2 6 67-2 41-7 25-5 54-5 6 45 38-2 6 8 41-6 7 67 52-2 14-8 59-6 I 7 71-2 39-5 31-7 55-4 7 40-3 32-8 / 5 36-6 8 69 40-8 28-2 54-9 8 76-1 38-2 37-9 57-2 8 39-7 31-3 8 4 35-5 9 74-7 36-8 37-9 55-6 9 74-4 42 32-4 58-2 9 56-1 25 31 I 40-6 10 70 43-5 26-5 56-7 10 72 43-5 28-5 57-8 10 53-3 29-2 24 I 41-3 11 79-4 39-8 39-6 59-6 11 72-9 42-3 30-6 57-6 11 48-3 31-2 17 1 39-7 12 84 41-2 42-8 47-6 12 70-6 40-3 30-3 55-5 12 56 24-3 31 7 40-2 13 80 47-8 32-2 63-9 i 13 63-2 45-7 17-5 54-5 13 60-5 25-2 35 3 42-8 14 81-4 46 35-4 63-7 14 55-2 43-1 12-1 49-2 14 73-5 26-8 46 7 50-2 15 76-9 52-2 24-7 64-6 1 15 59 42-3 16-7 50-6 15 72-6 30-8 41 8 51-7 16 85 44-3 40-7 64-7 16 57 32-2 24-8 44-6 16 73 36-8 36 •■> 54-9 17 84-9 45-9 390 65-4 17 67-4 32-8 34-6 50-1 17 70-5 38-9 31 6 54-7 18 80-2 46-7 33-5 63-4 18 72-5 34 38-5 53-2 18 72-4 38-8 33 6 55-6 19 83-4 37-3 46- 1 60-4 19 76-4 39-5 36-9 58-0 19 76-3 35-5 40 8 55-9 20 84-6 39 45-6 61-8 20 73-6 57-8 15-8 65-7 20 77-4 33-9 43 5 55-7 21 82-5 41-6 40-9 62- 1 21 68-8 41-3 27-5 55-1 21 70-4 34-4 36 0 52.4 22 75-2 49-3 25-9 62-3 22 60-2 43-8 16-4 52-0 22 61-4 38-8 ?.?. 6 50.1 23 69-5 48-2 21-3 58-9 23 54-4 32-8 21-6 43-6 23 58 39-3 IS 7 48-6 24 67-1 50-8 16-3 59-0 24 54-4 26 28-4 40-2 24 39-8 28-3 11 .•> 34-1 25 72-2 33-9 38-3 53-1 25 65-2 29-3 35-9 47-3 25 53-2 21-6 31 6 37-4 26 68-9 44-8 24-1 56-8 i 26 61-9 28-5 33-4 45-2 26 54-4 39-2 15 9 46-8 27 '73-5 34-3 39-2 53-9 27 64-4 28-4 36-0 46-8 27 58 32-3 ?5 7 45-1 28 68-4 40-1 28-3 54-2 28 60-2 33-8 26-4 47-0 28 53-3 43-5 9 8 48-4 29 71-4 44-3 27-1 57-8 29 55-3 37-9 17-4 46-6 29 50-9 39-9 11 0 45-4 30 77 41 36 59-0 30 56-2 38-3 17-9 47-2 30 48-5 36-4 12 1 42-5 31 75-9 43 32-9 59-5 31 50-8 41-9 8-9 46-3 2,307-2 1,315 992-3 2,021-3 1,193-8 827-5 1.759-6 1,033-2 726-4 Mean.... 74-42 42-42 32-00 Mean.... 65-20 38-51 26-69 Mean... 58-65 34-44 24- 21 326 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1910 BA1ow Lakes basin 68 " .Vlinnewanka basin 77 " Spray Basin 88 " Regulating basin, Ghost River. 132 " •' '' Kananaskis River 117 " Storage basins Table No. 18 140 Capital Cost Estimated, Bow Fort Site 50 " " Bow Lake Storage 103 " " Elbow River Development 112 " " Ghost site 59 " " Kananaskis Storage 122 " " Minnewanka Storage 78 " " Mission Site 54 " " Radnor Site 64 " " Spray Lake Storage 97 Cascade Power Development 64 " " " Agreement re 65 " " " Available power 65 " " " Dam 68 Head 65 " " " Penstock 6S " " " Power Station and Equipment 69 " " " Water Supply 65 Cement plants 2 Charges, Estimated, Annual Reg. Basin No. 3 119 Clay products 2 Clearing Minnewanka Basin 80 " Spray Basin 95 Conclusions Elbow River development 113 Conditions for Anchor Ice 17 " Frazil Ice 16 Conflict between Applications 1 Construction Dam, Hydraulic Fill 93 " " Minnewanka 78 " " Spray Lake 93 Construction Difficulties Bow Lake 103 " " Horseshoe Falls plant 37 " " Kananaskis Falls plant 39 " Power plant Spray Lake 93 " Road Spray Lake 97 Combating Ice 21 Cost, Annual, Bow Fort site 50 Elbow River site 112 " Ghost River site 59 " Mission site 54 " Radnor site 62 Cost Development, Bow Fort site 49 " Elbow River site 112 Ghost site 59 " Mi.s.sion site 54 " Radnor sit« 62 Estimates, Tables No. 6— No. 7 6 Regulation Basins, Kananaskis River 122 Storage, Bow Lake 103 Elbow River 112 " Kananaskis River 118 BOW RIVER POWER AXD STORAGE 337 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e PAGE. Cost Storage, Minnewanka gy " " Spray , o^ Table No. 19— Bow R "* Table No. 20— U.S.A ^-^^ Table No. 6. ., gg Curve of Contents Spray Basin ^q " Discharge Bow R ,,n " Power— % Time Plate No. 20 "" No.21 • }*" No.22 \f-, No. 23 \f^ No.24 1*6 " Temperature— Discharge— Plate No. 2 "' •• " Plate No. 3 |^ Dam, Bow Fort site i g. " Bow Lake storage go " Cascade development go " Devil's Canyon jqo " Elbow R. development ,Qg " " storage gy " Ghost site development g^ " Horseshoe Falls .•.•;.•.■.■.■.'.;.'.■.■: gs,' 108, 109, 135 Hydraulic rill q9 By J. D. Schuyler ^^ " " Construction of Hg " Kananaskis Falls plant on " Kananaskis Inspection tunnels »„ Minnewanka Storag'^ ; •,■,••>;■ tt ' W-I ' u' ii' 7S 52 Minnewanka Storage, changes recommended by C. H. Mitchell Mission Site Radnor Site Spray I>ake Storage " Size of. 61 84 83 94 Spillway Qa 199 329 " •' Unwatering Tunnel Data, Discharge " Evaporation 297 " Precipitation j^gg " Stream Flow oqq " Temperature o Deerfield R., Mass., U.S.A \ Demand for Power ^g Development, Bow Fort Site gjj " Cascade River.. . " Eau Claire Plant. " Elbow River Site 33 105 Existing n. Horseshoe Falls Plant 3* " Kananaskis Falls Plant „, " Lake Louise Plant , . " Proposed 5', " Mission Site ; " Power from storage Minnewanka Basin " Radnor Site , Dept. of Interior, Agreement between, Calgary Pr. Co., and Devil's Creek Bridge Diagram, Plate No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 8 No. 9 No. 10 No. 11 No. 12 No. 13 No. 14 No. 15 No. 16 No. 17 No IH No 19 No 20 No 21 No 22 No 23 No 24 64 60 64 80 10 27 27 32 32 38 70 70 74 74 80 82 82 90 134 140 140 140 140 140 140 146 146 146 126 Discharge, Baker Creek ,0 ng 39 Bow River ' '„',f, at Banff ^'V at Calgary %l^ it «* U«-.,««U«« 1?»lla ^ot at Horseshoe Falls at Kananaskis Falls " Low water Brewster Creek '\[\\',',\',',\ 240 at Morley ^^n Flood •*" Report re flood, P. M. Sauder ^Jj ''.'.'.'.'..'.'.'■'.'.'.... 103 333 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 PAGE. Discharge, Capacity, Bow Fort dam 48 Ghost dam 56 Horseshoe Falls dam 34 Kananaskis Falls dam 39 Mission dam 52 Radnor dam 61 " Cascade River 74 " Diagrams, See No. 1 10 " No. 2 27 " No. 3 27 " No. 4 32 " No. 5 32 " No. 9 74 " No. 10 74 " No. 11 80 " No.12 82 " No. 13 82 " No.U 90 " No. 17 140 " No. 18 140 " No. 19 140 " Elbow River lOo " Ghost River 130 " Johnson Creek 127 " Kananaskis River 119 " Minnewanka Storage 74 " Overestimate of 74 " Pipestone Creek 124 " Spray River 88 " " Storage 90 " Storage, effect on 141 " " eileci, of Winter Conditions on 83 " Table, Kananaskis dam ■ 41 Di-stribution of Precipitation 25 Division of Bow River 11 Drainage Area, Bow River 1 Baker Creek 125 " Brewster Creek 129 " Cascade River 64 " Devil's Creek 64 Elbow River 105 Ghost River 130 " John.son Creek 127 " Kananaskis River 116 " Spray River 84 Effect of Storage below Calgary 140 " " on Discharge 141 " " on Power Output 141 " Winter conditions on Plant Operation 21 Elbow River, General 105 " Development, Estimated Cost of 112 " " Conclusions 1 13 " Diagram, Mean Monthly Discharge, Plate No. 4 32 " " of storage effect 140 " Discharge 105 " Discharge Curve, Plate No. 4 32 " Flume 108 Forebav 109 " Penstocks 108 Power Dam, Hydraulic Fill 108 " " Dam, Dimensions of 108 " " Development 105 " " Section 106 " Station 109 " " " Equipment 109 " Reconnaissance of 3 Storage 109 " Storage Dam 109 " Storage Process of, Plate No. 18 140 " Topographical Survey of 3 Underflow 30, 105 Embankment Bow Lake Storage Dam 101 Equipment Power Station Horseshoe Falls Plant 36 Kananaskis Falls Plant 39 " Bow Fort Site 49 " " Cascade River 69 " " Ghost Site 58 Elbow River 109 " " Mission Site 53 " " Lake Louise 34 " " Radnor Site 62 Erosion, Protection against 30 Estimated Annual Charges, Bow Fort Site 49 " " Ghost Site 59 " " Kananaskis River Regulation Basin No. 3 119 " " Mission Site 55 " " Radnor Site 64 " Capital Cost, Total, Bow Fort 49 " " " Ghost 59 " " " Mission 54 " " " Radnor 63 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 339 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e PAGE. Estimated Cost of Development, Bow Fort Site 49 Elbow River 112 " " " Ghost 59 " " " Kananaskis Regulating Basin No. 3 119 " " " Mission Site 55 " " " Radnor Site 64 " Cost of Storage Bow Lake Basin 103 " " " Spray Lake Basin " 97 " Storage Charges Bow Fort 49 ." " ' Ghost 112 " " Mission 59 " " Radnor 62 " Transmission Charges Bow Fort 112 Ghost 59 " ■' Mission 54 ■' " Radnor 62 Estimates of Cost Tables 6 and 7 6 Estimation of Stream Flow 31 Evaporation, Influence of Temperature upon 32 Existing Developments 33 Eau Claire Plant 33 " " Horseshoe Falls Plant 34 " " Kananaskis Falls Plant 39 " " Lake Louise Plant 33 Explanation of Tables Nos. 21-22-23 136 Fall in Bow River 10 Farquharson, Rev., on Anchor Ice 17 Flood Commission, Montreal 18 Flood Discharge Bow River Kananaskis Falls 1 Report by P. M. Sauder 30 Flow, fluctuation in 2 Fluctuation in precipitation 25 Flume. Elbow River development 108 Forebaj-, Elbow River development 109 " Ghost development ,58 " Kananaskis plant 42 " Mission development 53 Radnor development 61 Formation of Ice Sheet 16 Frazil Ice 16 Forty Mile Creek 3 Frazil Ice 16 Gates, Tainter, Kananaskis plant 42 Gauging Stations, additional 2 Geological Board, State of Washington 8 General, Auxiliarv Storage 142 Baker Creek 126 " Benefits of Storage, Bow River 134 " Bow Lake Storage Basin 99 " Bow River 10 " Brewster Creek 129 Elbow River 105 " Ghost River 130 Hector Lake 124 " Johnson Creek 127 " Kananaskis River 116 " Pipestone Creek 124 Ghost River, Capacity of Storage 130 " Drainage Area 130 " Discharge 130 " General 130 " Reconnaissance 3 " Regulation Storage Basin 132 " Storage Possibilities 130 " Topographical Survey 3 " Underflow 25 Ghost Site 56 " Development 57 " " Canal .58 " " Dam .57 " " Dam, Discharging capacity 57 " " Estimated Annual Charges 59 " " Estimated Cost of plant 59 " " Estimated Total Capital Cost 59 " " Forebay 58 " " Head 58 " " Intake 58 " " Penstocks 58 " " Power Station and Equipment 58 " " Power % Time Curve Plate No. 23 146 " " Storage Charges 59 " " Transmission Charges 59 " " Water Supply 57 Grouting, Horseshoe Falls plant 38 " Kananaskis Falls plant 39 "Grundeis" (Anchor Ice) 17 Head, Bow Fort site 48 " Ca,scade site 65 " Eau Claire plant ' 33 " Elbow River site 105 " Ghost River site , 130 340 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 PAGE. Head, Horseshoe Falls plant ,. 34 Kananaskis Falls plant 39 " Lake Louise plant 33 " Mission site 52 " Radnor site 61 Hector Lake, General 124 " Reconnaissance 3 Horseshoe Falls, Development 34 " " Construction '. 37 "* " " Precautions • 38 "• " Dam 34 *' " " Inspection Tunnel 38 " " Equipment 36 " " Grouting ♦ 38 " " Inspection and Approval 39 " " Intake 36 " " Dam, Leakage 38 " " Penstocks 36 " " Power Station 36 " " Protection from Erosion 38 " " Report, J. R. FVeeman 37 " " Transmission lines 36 " Effect of Bow L. Storage at 135 " " Minnewanka Storage at 74, 135 " " Spray Storage at 135 Hydraulic Fill Dams 93, 108, 109, 135 " " Construction of 98 " " by J. D. Schuyler 92 " Materials 92 Ice 16 Anchor 17 " Conditions for formation of 17 Conditions below Storage Basins : 143 Formation, Report Montreal Flood Commission 18 " Rev. Farquharson on 17 " Prof. Barnes on .'. . 18 Frazil 16 " Conditions for formation of 16 "Grundeis" (See Anchor Ice) 17 Sheet, Formation of 16 Troubles, Methods of Combating 21 Inspection and Approval Horseshoe Falls plant 29 " Tunnel, Horseshoe Falls plant 38 i.^vestigations, Necessity of 2, 43 " Organization and Scope 2 " Precedents for 8 *' Results of Storage, Table No. 4 4 '' Summary of. Table No. 5 5 Irrif. \H , '.General 147 Relation to Power 147 Intak si » V Fort site 49 G n >s t site 58 H irirs\ioe Falls plant 36 Kt ,1 \\\i?kis Falls plant 42 Mi.-i3 on lite 52 Rad 101 lite 61 Johnson Creti ) . general 127 " Discharge 128 " Drainage Area 127 " Reconnaissance of 3 " S »rag (possibilities 128 Kananaskis lah 39 " Devc lopment 39 " " Canal and Forebay 42 " " Dam 39 " " " Discharging Capacity 41 " " " Grouting 41 " " " Inspection Tunnels 41 " " " Table of discharge No. 9 41 " " Power— ''o Time Curve No. 20 140 " " " Station and Equipment 42 " " " Pre.ssure Tubes 42 " " " Relation to C. P. R. bridge 39 " " Tainter Gates 42 ' " Turbines 42 KananiisUis Lakes 116 " Lower 116 " " Upper , 116 " " Reconnaissance of 3 " River, General 115 " " Discharge 119 " " Drainage Area 116 " " Reeulating Basins 117 Kananaskis River Hogulatins: Basins No. 1 118 No. 2 118 No. 3 118 " " " No. 3 Capacity of 119 No. 3 Effect of Table No. 14 120 " " Discharge Table No. 14 120 " " No. 15 120 No. 16 121 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 341 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e PAGE. Kananaski.s River Regulating Basins Discharge Table No. 17 121 " " ■' No. 3 Annual Charges 119 No. 3, Cost 119 No. 3, Cost of Power from 119 Kananaskis River Source 115 " " Storage possibilities 117 " " Topographical Survey 116 " " Tributaries 1 15 Lake, Baker 125 " Bow 47 " Hector 124 " Kananaskis 116 " Louise 33 " Minnewanka 72 " Ptarmigan 125 " Spray • 84 " Louise Development 84 " Redoubt 125 Lakes in Storage Section of Bow River 13 Leakage Horseshoe Falls Plant 38 Limiting Levels Minnewanka Storage Basin 78 Loads, Peak, Calgary 43 Low Water Discharge 31) " " Bow River at Kananaskis Falls 41 Maine, State of. Water Supply Commission 7 Manipulation of Storage 134 Market, Power 42 Massachusetts — Deerfield River S Materials for Hydraulic Fill 92 Methods of combating ice troubles 21 Methods of Investigation 45 Metering Stations, Table No. 1 3 Minnewanka Continuous Flow 1,50 c.f.s. Plate No. 10 74 Minnewanka, Flow, Table No. 11 84 No. 12 82 " " No. 13 82 " Storage Basin Clearing , 80 " " " Limiting levels 78 " " Dam, Changes in 78 " " " Construction 78 " " effect of, at Horseshoe Falls, Plate No. 15 134 " " Process of filling, Plate No. 10 74 " No. 11 80 " No. 12 82 " Lake, Topographical Survey of 3 Mission Site 51 " Development 51 Canal 53 " " Dam 52 " " Dam Discharging 52 " " Capacity 52 " " Estimated Annual Charges 55 " " Estimated Cost of Plant 54 " " Forebay 53 " " Head 52 " " Intake 52 " " Penstocks 53 " " Power Station Equipment 53 " " Power percentage of Time Curve Plate No. 22 146 " " Storage Charges 54 " " Total Capital Cost 55 " " Transmission Charges 54 " " Water Supply 51 Mitchell, C. H., recommendations 9 Monthly mean discharge, Bow River, Plate No. 1 10 Cascade River, Plate No. 13 82 Elbow River, Plate No. 4 32 " " Spray River, Plate No. 5 32 "Moutonne" Anchor Ice 17 Montreal Flood Commission's Report on Ice Formation 18 New York State, Conservation Commi-ssion 7 " " Water Supply Commission 7 Ontario Hydro-Electric Commission 7 Operation, Diagram of Storage, Spray Lake 88 " of Plant, Effect of Winter Conditions , 21 Organization of Investigations 2 Output, Power, Bow River, Table No. 4 4 Peak Loads 43 Penstocks, Bow Fort Site 49 Cascade Site 68 Elbow River Site 108 " Ghost Site 58 " Horseshoe Falls plant 36 " Mission Site 53 " Radnor Site 62 Pipestone Creek, General 124 " " Discharge 124 " " Drainage Area 125 " " Storage Possibilities 125 Plant, Cost of Bow Fort Site 50 342 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 PAGE. Plant, Cost of Ghost Site 59 " Mission Site 54 " Radnor Site 97 Plant, Cement 2 Possible Developments 45 Power Dam, Elbow River 108 " Demand 2 " Developments 33 " Development, Bow Fort Site , 48 " " Cascade River Site 64 Deerfield R., U.S.A 8 " " Eau Claire plant 33 " " Elbow River Site 105 " " Ghost Site 56 " " Horseshoe Falls plant 34 " " Kananaskis Falls plant , 39 " " Lake Louise plant 84 " " Mission Site 51 " " Radnor Site 60 Power Market 42 Power Output, from storage 141 " Plant, Temporary, Spray Lake 93 " Rates 43 " Rights, Applications for 2 " Section Bow River 1-11 " Section Elbow River 106 " Sites Table No. 3 4 " Situation, Calgary 42 Power Station and Equipment, Bow Fort Site '. 49 " " " Cascade River Site 69 " " " Eau Claire plant 33 " " " Elbow River Site 109 " " " Ghost Site : 58 " " " Horseshoe Falls plant 36 " " " Kananaskis Falls plant 39 " " " Mission Site 53 " " " Radnor Site 62 Power, % Time Curve, Bow Fort Site Plate No. 21 140 " Ghost Site, Plate No. 23 146 " " Horseshoe Falls plant, Plate No. 20 140 " " Kananaskis Falls plant, Plate No. 20 140 " " Mission Site, Plate No. 22 146 Radnor Site, Plate No. 24 146 Precedents for Investigation 8 Precipitation, General 23 " Accuracy of Records 25 " Distribution of 25 " Fluctuation in 25 " Relation to Altitude 23 Run-off 26 " Value of Records 24 " Value of Records, Sir A. Binnie 24 Mr. Rafter 24 Pressure Tubes Kananaskis plant 42 Products, Clav 2 Profile, Bow River, Plate No. 7 70 Protection against Erosion Horseshoe Falls plant 38 Public Utilities, Calgary 42 Radnor Site 60 " Development 61 " " Dam 61 " " Estimated Annual Charges 64 " " " Cost, total : 64 '■ " " Cost of plant. Capital Cost 64 " " " Storage Charges 64 " " " Transmission Charges 64 " " Forebay 61 " " Head 61 " " Intake 61 " " Penstocks 62 " " Power— *;:(; Time Curve, Plate No. 24 146 " " Power Station and Equipment 62 Rafter, on Value of Precipitation Records 24 Rates, Power, Table No. 10 41 Reconnaissance of Baker Creek and Lakes 3 " Bow Lake 3 " Brewster Creek 3 " Elbow River 3 " Ghost River 3 " Hector Lake 3 " Johnson Creek 3 " Kananaskis River and Lake 3 " Pipestone Creek 3 " Spray River and Lake 3 Records of Evaporat ion, .Vppendix X 329 " Precipitation, Appendix VIII 237 " River Discharge, Appendix VII 199 " Temperature, Appendix IX 303 " Value of precipitation 24 Recommendations by C. H. Mitchell, C. E 9 Redearth Creek 129 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 343 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e PAGE. Regulation of Storage " Storage Ghost River 132 " " " Capacity of 134 " " Kananaskis River 117 « " " " Basin No. 1 118 « " " " Basin No. 2 118 " " " " Basin No. 3 118 « " " " Effect of No. 3A 123 « " " " " No.3B 121 " " " " Estimated Annual Charge 122 Cost of No. 3 123 " " " " " Cost of power from No. 3 123 Relation of Altitude to Precipitation 23 " C.P.R. bridge to Kananaskis plant 39 Results of AuxiUary Storage, Kananaskis River, Table No. 16 121 Table No. 17 121 Storage, TableNo. 21 137 " No. 22 138 " No. 23 ^ 39 Results of Storage Investigations, Table No. 4 4 " No. 5 5 Results of Surveys 3 Resume of Work 3 Reports, G. L. Albert, Spray Dam 165 " G. R. G. Conway, Spray Dam 157 " J. R. Freeman, Honseshoe Plant 37 C. H. Mitchell, Elbow River 106 " Montreal Flood Commission 18 " R. A. Ross, Power in Calgary 43 Sauder, P. M., on Floods on Bow River 30 Scope of Investigations and Organization 2 Schuyler, T. D., on Hydraulic Fill Dams 92 Sheet Ice, Formation of 16 Site, Bow Fort 47 " Ghost 56 " Kananaskis Falls Plant 39 " Mission 51 " Radnor 60 Sites, Power, Table No. 3 4 Site of Spray Lake Dam 84 Source Kananaskis River 115 Spillway, Bow Lake Storage Dam 101 Spray Lakes 84 Spray Lake Basin, Area and Capacity of 88 " Capacity Curve 89 " Clearing 95 " Construction Road 97 " Estimated Cost of Storage 97 " Storage Operation 90 " Temporary plant 96 Trails. .. . " 96 Spray Lake Dam, Dimensions of • • 94 Spillway of 94 Spray Lake Dam Site 93 Spraj' Lakes, Reconnaissance of 86 " Topographical Surveys of 3 Spray River, Diagram Mean Monthly Discharge, Plate No. 5 32 " Di-scharge 88 " General 84 Spray River and Lakes, Reconnaissance of 85 Spray Storage, Effect of at Horseshoe Falls, Plate No. 15 134 State of Washington, Geological Board 8 Storage " Agreement between Dept. of Interior and Calgary Power Co. re Lake Minnewanka 73 " Area of Minnewanka Basin 72-84 " Auxiliary, General 142 at Power Sites Table No. 24, 143 " Ba.sins, Capacities of. Table No. 18 134 " " Construction of Minnewanka 78 Cost of Bow River, Table No. 19 134 " Cost of U.S.A., Table No. 20 135 " " Ice Conditions below 148 " " Lake .Minnewanka 78 " " Limiting Levels, Minnewanka 78 " " Spray Lakes 84 " Table No. 2 3 " Table of 134 " Benefits of. Table No. 5 5 " Bow Lake, Basin, Process of Filling 103 Capacity of 99 " " Construction Difficulties 103 Dam 101 Estimated Cost of 103 " " Investigation of 99 " " Manipulation 100 .Spillway 101 " Capacity of Minnewanka Basin 77 " Charges, Estimated, Bow Fort Site 50 " " " Ghost " 59 " " " Mission " 54 " " Radnor " 64 344 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 PAGE. Storage Cost of, Table 135 No. 6 6 Curves, Nos. 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 135, 137, 138, 139, 143 Conclusions 141 Dam, Elbow River 109 Diagrams, Plates Nos. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 74, 80, 82 Elbow River 10&-113 Effect, Elbow River, Diagram of 140 Effect of, below Calgary 141 Estimated Cost of. Table 103 Investigations, Results of. Tables 4 and 5 4, 5 Manipulation, General 143 Operation, Spray Lakes Basin 90 Policy of the Department relating to 73 Possibilities, Baker Creek 126 " Ghost River 130 " Johnson Creek 128 " Kananaskis River 117 " Pipestone Creek 125 Regulating Basins 118 Relation of, to Power Output 141 Results of 1909-10, Table No. 21 137 1910-11 " No. 22 138 1911-12 " No. 23 139 Review of Situation 135 Section of Bow River 1 1 Summary of 141 Table of Auxiliary I43 Total effect of, at Horseshoe Falls, Plate No. 17 140 below Calgary on Bow River, Plate No. 19 140 Stream Beds of Storage Section, Bow River 13 " Measurements 3I Structure, Type of, Spray Lake Basin -. 9O Substations, Horseshoe Falls Plant 36 Summary of Investigations, Table No. 5 '5 Surveys of Bow Lake 3 " Bow River 3 " Elbow River 3 " Ghost River 3 " Kananaskis River 3 " Lake Minnewanka 3 Surveys, Re.sults of 3 " of Spray Lakes 3, ge Table No. 1, Metering Stations (Gauging) ' 3 2, Storage Basins 3 3, Power Sites 4 " 4, Power Output, Bov>' River 4 5, Summary of Investigation 5 6, Cost of Storage 6 " 7, Cost of Power 6 " 8, Plants on Deerfield River 8 " 9, Power Rates, Calgary , 41 10, Discharge, Kananaskis Dam 43 " 11, Minnewanka Storage .. .. 77 " 12, " " : 82 " 13, " " 83 " 14, Kananaskis Storage 120 ;; 15, " " 120 16, Results of Auxiliary Storage, Kananaskis 121 17, " " " 121 " 18, Capacities of Storage Basins 134 " 19, Cost of Storage Basin, Bow River 134 20, " " U.S.A 135 21 , Results of Storage, 1909-10 137 22, " 1910-11 ; 138 23, " 1911-12 139 " 24, Auxiliary Storage at Power Sites 143 Tables, Discharge Minnewanka Storage Basin 80 Tables, Showing Auxiliary Storage 143 " Capacities of Storage Basins 140 [[ " Effect of Storage, Nos. 21, 22, 23 137, 138, 139 " Estimated Cost of Storage 103 Tainter Gates, Kananaskis Falls Plant 42 Temperature 26 " Discharge Curve, Plate No. 2 . . . . . . . . 27 ]] " " No. 3 27 Influence of, upon Evaporation , 26 Influence of, upon Discharge 27, 143 Temporary Power Plant, Spray Lakes Basin 96 Topographical features of Bow River Basin 10 survey of Bow Lake 3 " Bow River 3 " Elbow River 3 " Ghost River 3 " Kananaskis River 3 " " Minnewanka Lake 3 " Spray Lake 3 Trails, Spray Lake Basin 96 Transmission Charges, Estimated, Bow Fort Site .!....!!...!........!.......!.!!!.!! 50 " " " Ghost Site '. 59 BOW RIVER POWER AND STORAGE 345 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25e PAGE. Transmission Charges, Estimated. Mission Site 54 Transmission Lines, Horseshoe Falls Plant 36 Tributaries of the Bow River in Storage Section .,. . 11 Tubes, Pressure, Kananaskis Falls Plant 42 Tunnel, Spray Lake Dam, L'nwatering 93 Turbines, Kananaskis Falls Plant 42 Underflow, Bow River and Tributaries 13 Elbow River 29, 105 Ghost River 29 L^nwatering Tunnel. Spray Lakes Dam 93 Utilities, Public, of Calgary J Shuswap Falls, near site of proposed development „. . .u.au HydroElcctrie Company. depart:\ient of the interior, Canada WATER POWER BRANCH J. B. CHALLIES, Superintendent WATER RESOURCES PAPER Xo. 8 REPORT OF THE BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR 1913 BY R. G. SWAN, A.M. Can. Soc. C. E. Chief Engineer. ^- *% ^ 0 T T AW A PRINTED BY J. de L. TACHfi, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT M.UESTY 19 15 2oF— 1915] 1| 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 To Field Marshal, His Royal Highness Prince Arthur William Patrick Albert, Duke of Connaught and of Strathearn, K.G., K.T., K.P., etc., etc., etc., Governor General and Commander in Chief of the Dominion of Canada. May it Please Your Royal Highness: The undersigned has the honour to lay before Your Royal Highness the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey Report for 1913. Respectfully submitted, W. J. ROCHE, Minister of the Interior. Ottawa, July 1, 1914. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 Department of the Interior, Ottawa, July 1, 1914. The Honourable W. J. Roche, M.D., Minister of the Interior. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey Report for 1913, and to recommend that it be published as Water Resources Paper No. 8 of the Dominion Water Power Branch. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, W. W. CORY, Deputy Minister of the Interior. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 Department of the Interior, Water Power Branch, Ottawa, July 1, 1914. W. W. Cory, Esq., C.IM.G., Deputy ^Minister of the Interior. Sir, — ^I have the honour to submit the attached repoi't l)y R. G. Swan, A M. Can. Soc. C.E., Chief Engineer of the British Coknnl)ia Hydrographic Survey. In view of its important bearing on the industrial development of Southern British Columbia I would recommend that it be published as Water Resources Paper No. 8 of the Dominion Water Power Branch. Respectfully sul)mitt(Ml, J. B. CHALLIES. Superintendent, Dominion Water Power Branch. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 Ottawa, July 1, 19 U. J. B. C RALLIES, EsC;., SuperintendeHt , Dominion ^Yater Power Branch, Department of the Interior, Ottawa. Sir, — ^I have the honour to submit a brief report of the British Columbia Hydrographie Survey for the year 1913, together with the reports of the divisional engineers. Allowance should be made for the fact that the reorganization, following the agreement between yourself and Mr. Wm. Young, Comptroller of Water Rights Victoria, B.C., regarding the gradual extension of territory of the Hydrographii Survey work by the Dominion Government from the Railway Belt to cover the entire province is still in progress. This agreement was only finally effected in September last by the formal approval of both Governments, I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, R. G. SWAX, Chief Engineer. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page. Report of the Chief Engineer 3 Organization 3 Nature and Extent of Work 3 Change in work due to amendment of Water Act assented to 6th of June, 1913 3 New Work entered into in new divisions 4 List of Regular Metering Stations 5 Miscellaneous ]Meterings 7 Outhne of work for next, year 8 Definition of terms 9 Convenient equivalents 9 General Methods of Stream Measurements 9 Acknowledgements 10 II. Coast Division. Report of the Divisional Engineer 13 Climate 14 Agriculture 14 Irrigation 15 Reclamation 16 Lumbering 16 Fishing 18 Sewage Disposal 19 Industrial Waste 19 Transportation I9 Mining 21 Manufacturing 21 Water Powers 22 Plants on Streams invastigated within the Railway Belt 22 Developed Power Sites on Streams outside the Railway Belt 22 T'ndevoloped Power Sites 23 Municipal Water Supply 25 Conclusion 26 in. K.^^MLOops Division. Report of the Divisional Engineer 29 Area 29 Climate 29 Natural Resources 30 Mining. ._ 30 Lumbering and Utilization of Water 31 Agricultural Land and Irrigation 31 Municii)al Water Supply 33 \\'ater Power Developments 33 City of Kamloops Plant on Barriere River 33 Other Small Developments 34 Future Developments 34 vxi DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 IV. KooTENAY Boundary Division. Page. Report of the Divisional Engineer 41 General 41 Area, and Drainage 41 Climatic Conditions 41 Run-off 42 Utilization of Water 43 Mining 43 Timber 46 Irrigation 46 Domestic and Municipal 47 Hydro-electric Developments 47 Hydrographic Data 49 General Characteristic 49 R,8sumc of proposed work for 1914 49 V. Hydrographic Data — Coast DiAasioN. Belknap Creek 53 Boulder Creek 58 Brandt Creek 60 Chehalis River 68 Chilhwak River 72 Coquihalla River 76 Coquitlam River 79 Fraser River 81 Gold Creek 90 Hixon Creek 93 Jones Creek 98 Mesliloet River 105 North Lillooet River 1 10 Norton Creek 113 Rainbow Creek 118 Raven (Rushton) Creek 122 Silver-Hope Creek 127 Silver-Pitt Creek 131 South Lillooet River 135 Stave River 138 Young Creek 143 Miscellaneous Metering Stations 147 VI. Hydrographic Data — Kamloops Division. Adams River 163 Barnes Creek 166 Bolean Creek 169 Bonaparte River 172 Campbell Creek 177 Cherry Creek 179 Coldwater River 183 Criss Creek 185 Deadman River 188 Eagle River 194 Essel Creek 197 Fraser River 199 Greenstone Creek 203 Guichon Creek 205 Hat Creek 207 Heflferley Creek 215 Ingram Creek 222 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY xv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Hydrographic Data — Kamloops Division — Continued. Page. Jacko Creek 224 Jamieson Creek 226 Louis Creek 229 Monte Creek 233 Xahatlatch River 239 Nicola River 246 Niskonlith Creek 253 Paul Creek 255 Shuswap River 259 Scottie Creek 264 Spius Creek 267 Stein Creek 271 Thompson River 273 North Thompson River 288 South Thompson River 285 Tranquille River 288 Miscellan&ous Metering Stations , 291 YII. Hydrographic Data — Kootenay Boundary Division. Akolkolex River 295 Beaver River 300 Blaeberrj- River 303 Bugaboo River 305 Columbia River 308 Horsethief Creek 320 lllecillewaet River 322 Kicking Horse River 329 Kootenay River 339 No. 2 Creek 343 Ottertail River 346 Pend d'Oreille River 349 Slocan River 352 Spillimacheen River 353 Toby Creek 356 Yoho River 358 Miscellaneous Metering Stations 360 Index 363 xvi DEPARTMENT OF TEE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 ILLUSTRATIONS. Shuswap faUs near site of proposed Development of Coteau Hydro-Electric Develop- ment Frontispiece. Reclamation, Pitt Meadows Dyke South of Sturgeon Slough Page 13 Reclamation, Pitt Meadows Dyke South of Sturgeon Slough 14 Reclamation, Pitt Meadows, Pump House and Sluice Gates 1.5 Reclamation, Pitt Meadows looking North of Sturgeon Slough showing flooded land to be reclaimed 16 Reclamation, Pitt Meadows, Dyke and Sluice Gates 17 Reclamation, Pitt Lake from mouth of Raven Creek 18 Foreshore, Pitt River 20 " 20 Upper Columbia VaUev, Bottom Lands near Wilmer, B.C 31 32 Myrtle River, Helmeklen falls clear drop of 450 feet 34 Barriere river. Intake Dam, City of Kamloops development 35 Shuswap river, Coteau Hydro-Electric Company's development. Dam Site 36 Shuswap river, Coteau Hydro-Electric Company's development. Dam Site 37 lUecillewaet river, Revelstoke Light & Power Company's Dam 48 ChiUiwak river. Metering Station at Indian Dugout 73 " looking downstream past Gauging Station 73 Fraser river at Hope, B.C., Gauge painted on Rock face 80 Eraser river at Hope, B.C., looking upstream from gauge 80 Raven creek Metering Station 124 " Gravel deposits at Mouth 125 Stave river ,Western Canada Power Company, Weir Measurements through Sluice Dam. 139 SejTnour river, falls 5 miles from the settlement of Seymour Arm 35 feet drop 158 Adams river, Adams river Lumber Company below Adams Lake 164 Louis creek, LTndershot Wheel and Sawmill 230 Spins creek, Metering Station 269 Thompson river at Spences Bridge (Metering station) 274 Akolkolex river near Wigwam, B.C., Upper falls 296 " " Lower falls 297 " looking upstream from above falls 298 Kicking Horse river looking upstream from natural bridge 329 Kicking Horse I'iver near Field, B.C. looking upstream from foot of Canyon 333 Takakaw falls, Yoho VaUey near Field, B.C 359 MAP. Southern British Columbia, showing Gauging Stations Inside back cover. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 REPORT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY FOR 1913 CHAPTER I REPORT OF R. O. SWAX, AM. Can. Soc. ( ChLf Engineer. 25f— 2 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 CHAPTER I. REPORT OF THE CHIEF ENGINEER. ORGANIZATION. The personnel of the staff for 1913 was as follows: — P. A. Carson, B.A., D.L.S., Chief Engineer (resigned July 31, 1913). R. G. Swan, A.M. Can. Soe. C.E., Assistant Chief Engineer, June 1 to September 30; Chief Engineer, October 1. E. ]\I. Dann, D.L.S., Divisional Engineer. C. G. Cline, Jr. Can. Soc. C.E., D.L.S., Divisional Engineer. C. E. Richardson, A.M. Can. Soc. C.E., Divisional Engineer. K. G. Chisholm, Assistant Engineer. H. J. E. Kevs, B.A. Assistant Engineer. C. E. Webb, Assistant Engineer, from October 28, 1913. J. A. Elliott, summer assistant (May 4 to September 17, 1913). H. C. Hughes, summer assistant (INIay 13 to August 23, 1913). A. T. Milner, clerical assistant from August 27, 1913. Miss B. B. Allan, stenographer. Miss W. M. Robinson, stenographer, from November 15, 1913. The organization for the first nine months of the year was very similar to that of previous years and, although the work was still confined to the Railwaj^ Belt, a large number of new stations were established. The Railway Belt at this time was divided into three divisions; Messrs. Cline and Chisolm were in charge of the district from the coast east to Deadman river; for five months during the summer period, Mr. Hughes was stationed at Indian river, rating the stations on the different streams in connection with the proposed development of the New Westminster Power Co. Mr. Keys was in charge of the district extending from the Deadman river east to grand Prairie; Mr. Richardson was in charge of the district from Grand Prairie to the eastern boundary of the province, with Mr. Elliott as a summer assistant on account of the large number of new stations established in this division. Owing to Mr. Carson's frequent absences on inspection trips, Mr. Dann was stationed in the head office at Kamloops, having chargo of the office from the first of the year until Mr. Carson's resignation. Mr. Dann was also in charge of special work in regard to streams tributary to the Shuswap lakes. NATURE AND EXTENT OF WORK. CHANGE IX WORK DUE TO THE AMENDMENT OF THE WATER ACT ASSENTED TO 6th JUNE, 1913. With the passing of the amendment to the Water Act the administration of all water within the Railway Belt passed under the exclusive control of the province of British Columbia, and the investigation into the water rights situa- tion in the dry belt was carried on by the district engineers of the Water Rights Branch, Department of Lands, Victoria, B.C., thus allowing the Hydrographic Survey staff greater time for the extension of the study of the water supply and resources of the Railway Belt. For the same reason it has been possible to carry on the inspection of land applications under irrigation and reclamation conditions, and applications for foreshore rights, in a much more thorough manner than heretofore. 2oF— 2i 4 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR '' 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 NEW WORK ENTERED INTO IN NEW DIVISIONS. Following the agreement between yourself and Mr. Wm. Young, Compt- troller of Water Rights, Department of Lands, Victoria, B.C., regarding the extension of territory of the Railway Belt Hydrographic Survey so that it will ultimately cover the entire province, and which agreement was finally given effect in September by the formal approval of both Governments, the following changes have been made in the organization of the work. The title of the work has been changed from the ''Railway Belt Hydro- graphic Survey" to the "British Columbia Hydrographic Survey," and the office of the chief engineer has been removed from Kamloops to Vancouver. The territory of the province has been divided for the present into three main divisions, with headquarters at Kamloops, New Westminster, and Nelson, where permanent office quarters have been provided for the division engineers of the respective divisions, namely, Mr. E. M. Dann, D.L.S., Mr. C. E. Rich- ardson, A.M. Can. Soc. C.E., and Mr. C. G. Cline, Jr. Can. Soc. C.E., D.L.S. In making the division of the province the mountain divides were followed, and the drainage areas, where possible, were kept intact. Many new conditions arising from all these changes have affected the effici- ency and effectiveness of our work and, owing to the lack of funds, very little new work has been undertaken except at the request of Mr. Young and co-oper- ating parties. Now that the various division offices are becoming well organized, a good year's work should be accomplished if the staff required is made avail- able. COAST DIVISION. C. G. Cline, Divisional Engineer. At the request of the Bridge River Power Co., the maintenance of the station established by them on the Bridge river has been taken over by the survey. As the province are making extensive surveys with regard to storage possbiilities for the water supply of Greater Vancouver, stations were established on Lynn, Capilano, and Seymour rivers. In Pemberton Meadows, surveys are being made in connection with a project covering the drainage of land through which the Lillooet river flows and, as it is necessary to provide for the control of this river, a station was established. On Green and Cheakamus rivers there are good power possibi- lities and, as there have been several requests for data on these rivers, gauging stations were established at the same time as the station on the Lillooet river. KAMLOOPS DIVISION. E. M , Dann, Divisional Engineer. By the time the arrangements for enlarging the work were completed, the season was so far advanced that it was practically impossible for Mr. Dann to establish any new stations in his division. He has, however, covered most of this territory, and will be able to make a vigorous start on this work in the spring. Many of the irrigation streams in the division arc over-recorded, so that a very thorough study of the run-off must be made. NELSON DIVISION. C. E. Richardson, Divisional Engineer. Previous to the time of the reorganization, ]\Ir. Richardson's work in British Columbia had extended outside the Railway Belt. He had made several BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPEIC SURVEY 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f trips with Mr. Biker, the Provincial Engineer, through the country in the vicinity of Nelson in connection with the proposed ]MeKay reclamation scheme on the Upper Columbia, which required the establishment of several stations on the rivers tributarj' to the Columbia in the Windermere district, and as a result Mr. Richardson was familiar with a large part of this division before his transfer to Nelson. During the fall, stations were established on the Columbia, Pend d'Oreiile, Elk Bull, and Kootenay (two stations) rivers. METERING STATIONS. The following lists give: first, the regular metering stations; and second, rivers on which miscellaneous measurements have been made. Coast Division. — List of Regular Metering Stations. 1000 .Belknap creek at Belknap lake. . . . 1001 Boulder creek 1002 Brandt creek lower 1003 Chehalis river 1004 Chilliwack river 1005 Coquihalla river 1006 ; Coquitlam river 1007 Fraser river 1008 Gold creek 1009 Hixon creek, near mouth 1010 Jones creek 1011 : Mesliloet river 1012 North Lillooet river 1013 Norton creek 1014 I Rainbow creek 1015 ' Raven (Rushton) creek 1016 Silver creek (near Hope) 1017 Silver creek (tributary Pitt river). 1018 South Lilloooet river 1019 Stave river 1020 Young creek 1021 Brandt creek, upper Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. Tp. 6, R. 3, R. 7, R. 4, R. 23,.. . 5, R. 5, R. 5, R. 39 6, R. 3, R. 7, R. 12,.... 7, R. 6, R. 5, R. 5, R. 4, R. 12,.... 4, R. 7, R. 7, R. 27 W. 7M. W.6M. 7, W. 7M. 30, W.6M. ...E. CM. 26, W. 6 M. 6, W.7M. 26, W. 6M. . ..W. CM. 7, W. 7 M. 27, W. 6M. 7, W. 7 M. ...E. C. M. 7, W. 7 M. 4, W. 7M. 4. W. 7 M. 26, W. 6M. 5, W. 7 M. ...E.G. M. 3, W. 7 M. 7, W.7M. 7, W.7M. DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Kamloops Division. — List of Regular Metering Stations. 2003. 2004.. 2005.. 2006.. 2007.. 2008.. 2009.. 2010.. 2011.. 2012. 2013. 2014. 2015. 2016. 2017. 2018. 2019. 2020. 2021. 2022. 2023. 2024. 2025. 2026. 2027. 2028. 2029. 2030. 2031. 2032. 2033. 2034. 2035. 2036. 2037. 2038. 2039. 2040. 2041. 2042. 2043. Adams river Barnes creek Bolean creek Bonaparte river Campbell creek. . . Cherry creek C'oldwater river, Merritt Criss creek Deadman riv^r. . Deadman river. Eagle river Essell creek Fraser river Greenstone creek Guichon creek, Mamit lake. Hat creek Hat creek Hat creek Hefferley creek . . Hefferley creek . Ingram creek. . Jacko creek Jamieson creek . . . Louis creek Monte creek . Monte creek Monte creek Nahatlatch river, lower station. Nahatlatch river, upper station. Nicola river, Merritt Nicola river Niskonlith creek Paul creek . . . Paul creek . Shuswap river Shuswap river, Lumby Scottie creek Spius creek. Stein creek Thompson river Thompson river North Thompson river. . South Thompson river. . ... Tranquille river Tp. 23, R. 12, W. 6M. Tp. 20, R. 24, W. 6M. Tp. 18, R. 12, W. 6 M. Tp. 21, R. 24, W. 6M. Tp. 19, R. 16, W.6M. Tp. 19, R. 19, W. 6M. Water District No. 3. Tp. 22, R. 22,\V.6M. Tp. 22, R. 22, W. 6M. Tp. 21, R. 22, W. 61SI. Tp. 23, R. 6,\V.6M. Tp. 17, R. 14, W.6M. Tp. 15, R. 27,W.6M. Tp. 17, R. 20, W.6M. Water District No. 3. Tp. 22, R. 25, W.6M. Tp. 19, R. 26, W.6M. Tp. 19, R. 26,W. 6M. Tp. 22, R. 17, \V. 61M. Tp. 22, R. 16, W. 6M. Tp. 17, R. 13, W. GM. Tp. 19, R. 18, W. 6"M. Tp. 22, R. 17,\V.6'M. Tp. 23, R. 15, W. 6M. Tp. 19, R. 15, \V. 6M. Tp. 18, R. 14, W. 6M. Tp. 18, R. U, W. 6M. Tp. 2, R. 26, \V. 61VI. Tp. 12, R. 27,\V. 6M. Water Di.strict No. 3. Tp. 17, R. 25, W. 6M. Tp. 21, R. 13, W'.6M. Tp. 20, R. 15, W. 6M. Tp. 20, R. 15, W.6M. Tp. 18, R. 9, W. 6M. Water District No. 4. Tp. 23, R. 25, W. 6M. Tp. 13, R. 23. W. 6M. Tp. 15, R. 27, W. 6M. Tp. 17, R. 25, W.6M. Tp. 17, R. 20, W. 6jM. Tp. 21, R. 17, W. 6M. Tp. 21, R. 13, W. 6M. Tp. 23, R. 19, W.6M. BniTISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Nelson Division. — List of Regular INIeterinff Stations. No. of station. Location. .3000 '. Akolkole river Tp. 21 3001 Beaver river Tp. 29 3002 Blaeberry river |Tp. 28 3003 Bugaboo creek, Spillimacheen IWater 3004 Columbia river, near Golden (Tp. 27 3005 Columbia river, at Revelstoke Tp. 23 3006 jColumbia river, at Castlegar iWater 3007 Columbia river, at Trail 'Water 3008 IHorsethief creek, at Wilmer iWater 3009 Illlecillewaet river, at Revelstoke iTp. 23 3010 Illccillewaet river, at Glacier !Tp. 26 .3011 Kicking Horse river, at Golden Tp. 27 3012 Kicking Horse river, at Field Tp. 28 .3013 Kicking Horse, No. 2 tunnel Tp. 28 3014 Kootenav river, at Glade Water 3015 iNo. 2 creek, at Wilmor Water 3016 Ottertail river Tp. 27 3017 Pend d'Oreille river, at Waneta Water 3018 Slocan river at Slocan Water 3019 Spillimacheen river, at Spillimacheen Water 3020 Toby creek, at Athalmere Water R. 1,W. 6M. , R. 25, W. 5M. R. 22, W^5M. District No. 8. R. 22, W. 5M. R. 2, W.6M. District No. 0. District No. 6. District No. 8. R. 2, W. 6M. , R. 26, W.5, M. R. 22, W.5 M. R. 18, W. 5M. R. 18, W. 5M. District No. 6. District No. 8. , R. 19, W. 5M. District No. 6. District No. fi. District No. S. District No. 8. MISCELLANEOUS METERING STATIONS. ■Miscellaneous meterings were taken on the following riv(n's and creeks:— COAST DIVISION — MISCELLANEOUS METERING STATIONS. Belknap, Bridge, Capilano, Cheakanius, Green, Hixon, Lillooet, Lynn, Seymour. Slollicum. KAMLOOPS DIVISION. — MISCELLANEOUS METERING STATIONS. Bear, Campbell, Cache, Cornwall, Cleme's, Dairy, Duffy, Eagle, Eight- mile, Fortunes, Fadear, Gordon, Highfalls, Mission, Murray, Maiden, Nelson, Oregon Jack, Powder, Ross Ray, Scotch, Shuswap, Seymour, Three-mile, Tulameen, Twentv-mil(\ Twall, A'ena])les. NELSON DIVISION. — MISCELLANEOUS METERING STATIONS. Incomappleux, Yoho. Many of the metering stations were established too late in the fall to get a sufficient number of measurements to plot the hydrographs from which the daily flow data are computed. The available data on these rivers are recorded as miscellaneous measurements. The stations on these rivers will be maintained during the coming year as regular metering stations. 8 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 OUTLINE OF WORK FOR NEXT YEAR. Up to the present time the yearly appropriation has not been sufficient to maintain the engineers in the field during the winter months. A few miscellan- eous winter measurements have been taken, but there are no complete j'early run-off records except on those rivers in the Coast division which do not freeze up. From the time the survey was organized, a particularly thorough study has been made of the irrigation streams in the drj^ belt, and for the last three years the data on these streams, during the irrigation period, are very complete. In the Nelson division the climate is humid, and little water is used for irrigation, the more important uses of water being for power, lumbering, and municipal water supply. It is readily seen that only seven or eight months run-off records for each year greatly limit the value of these data. The situation as regards power and municipal water supply in the Kamloops division is much the same and, although the power possibilities may not be so great as in the Nelson division they are equally important. If the appropriation for the survey is sufficient, it is my intention to have the engineers who are making a study of power and municipal water supply, maintained in the field during the entire year. To keep pace with the increasing demand for hydrographic data, it is essential that the staff be sufficiently increased to maintain nine hydrographic parties in the field. New lines of railroad are rapidly opening up new country which will, in the near future, demand the utilization of the water resources. Transportation has been the big item in the maintenance of the parties in the field, and this, I think, should be minimized if the territory to be covered in the different divisions be divided as follows, and worked from the most central city or town. COAST DIVISION. (1) Vancouver to cover Railway Belt and south to the boundary. (2) Victoria to cover Vancouver island and territory north along the coast of the province. (3) Lillooet to cover the territory along the Pacific Great Eastern. KAMLOOPS DIVISION. (1) Kamloops to cover the local irrigation streams, the rivers along the Canadian Northern railway to Yellow Head pass and the rivers tril)utary to Shuswap lake. (2) Ashcroft to cover the rivers in Ashcroft and ]\Icrritt vicinity. (3) Penticton to cover Okanagan river and its trilnitaries. NELSON DIVISION. (1) Golden to cover Upper Columbia river and tributaries. (2) Nelson to cover LoAver Columbia river and Kettle river and their tributaries. (3) Cranbrook to cover Kootenay river and trilnitaries. BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f DEFINITION OF TERMS. The volume of water flowing in a stream-run-off or discharge is expressed in various terms, each of which has become associated with a certain class of work. Some of the terms generally used are: "Second-feet," "gallons per minute," ''discharge in second-feet per square mile," "Run-off depth in inches on drainage area, " and "total run-off in acre-feet."" "Second-feet" is an abbreviation for cubic feet per second, and is the unit for the rate of discharge of water flowing in a stream 1 foot wide, 1 foot deep, at the rate of 1 foot per second. ''Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet of water flowing per second for each square mile of drainage area. "Run-oft" in inches" is the depth by which the drainage area would be covered if all the water flowing from it were uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing run-off wdth rainfall, which is usually given in inches. An "foot-acre" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, that is, the quantity required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot, and is commonly used in connec- tion with storage. CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS. The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic computations: — • 1 second-foot equals 6.24 British imperial gallons per second. 1 second-foot equals 7 . 48 United States gallons per second. 1 second-foot for one day covers 1 square mile 0.03719 inch deep. 1 second-foot for one day equals 1 . 983 acre-feet. 1 acre-foot. equals 325,850 United States gallons. 1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet. 1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. 1 cubic foot equals 6.24 gallons. 1 cubic foot of water weighs 6.24 pounds. 1 horse-power equals 550-foot pounds per second. I horse-power equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet. I horse-power equals 746 watts. 1| horse-power equals about 1 kilowatt. sec. -feet x fall in feet To calculate water-power quicklv — • = net horse-power 11 on water wheel reaHzing 80 per cent of theoretical power. GENERAL METHODS OF STREAM MEASUREMENTS. In measuring the flow of streams the basic assumption is that the discharge of the stream varies with the stage, or in other words that for a given stage there is a corresponding discharge. Where this relation holds, it is possible, by taking a series of measurements of the discharge and noting the corresponding stages, to plot a curve which will give the relation between stage and discharge. Having determined such a relation, it is only necessary to take daily records of the stage of the stream in order to compute the daily discharge. The stage of the stream is measured by some form of stream gauge which gives the elevation of the surface of the water above a fixed datum. The types of gauges in use by this survey are the staff gauge, the chain gauge, and the recording gauge. The vertical staff gauge is used wherever possible. In some cases, however, where it is impossible to use a staff gauge, a chain gauge or a recording gauge is installed, depending on the different conditions encountered. 10 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 The standard method for the measurement of discharge is by the use of the current-meter. The instrument used is the small Price electric current-meter (No. 623, manufactured by W. & L. E. Gurley, Troy, N.Y.). In this_ method the area of the section is determined by taking soundings at measured intervals across the stream, the mean velocity is determined by a series of readings of the current-meter, and from these two sets of measurements the discharge is calculated. Occasionally circumstances arise under which it is permissible to use other methods for measuring discharge. In very small irrigation ditches, where the cross-sectional area of the water would greatl}' disturb the natural flow, an approximate measurement can be made by means of surface-floats. The surface- float method is occasionally used for the measurement of flood discharges in very large streams where, owing to the high velocity, the ordinary equipment could not be used. From investigations made by this survey on the larger streams in this province, the average velocity ranges from 0 . 85 to 0 . 90 of the surface velocity, so that the mean surface velocity in feet per second, multiplied by the cross- sectional area in square feet, multiplied by a constant K (the said constant ranging as stated above from 0 . 85 to 0 . 90) is equal to the discharge in second- feet. The weir method might be used occasionally on very small irrigation streams, provided it is placed in such a position as not to affect the level of the water at the existing gauge. On the larger streams, the expense of constructing the weir for measurement purposes only, is too great, and there are very few dams in the province which could be so used. The use of weirs for obtaining the daily discharge of a stream is not recommended on account of the greater accuracy necessary in taking the readings, the errors introduced by material logging against the crest and the difficulties of getting a weir that will be accurate at all stages of the stream. Nevertheless where the person who is to take the daily readings thoroughly understands all the requirements necessary for accurate weir measurements, this method gives very good results. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. For the courtesy extended in the compilation of the data for this report, special thanks are due the following: — G. R. G. Conway, Chief Engineer of the British Columbia Electric Railway; R. G. Hayward, Chief Engineer of the Western Canada Power Co: A. R. MacKenzie of the Couteau Power. Company; Wm. Young, Comptroller of Water Rights, Victoria; W. R. Bonnycastls, Consulting Engineer; and others; 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 REPORT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY FOR 1913 CHAPTER 2 Coast Division REPORT OF C. G. (TJXE, Jr. Tax. ,S(jc. (".E., D.L.S., Divisional Engineer 11 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 CHAPTER 11. COAST DIVISION. The division of the province for the work of the British Cokimbia Hydro- graphic Survey has been made with a view to facilitating the work as much as possible. Drainage areas have been kept intact as nearly as possible, the dividing lines following the watersheds. For this reason it is difficult to definitely describe the boundaries of the Coast division, but they may be readily seen by referring to the map accompanying this report. The hydrographic work on the streams in the Railway Belt, which was commenced in 1911 and 1912, has been continued, and there are now two j^ears' complete records for many of them. In addition to this work, regular stations have been established on a number of streams outside the Railway Belt, including those at North Vancouver and those between Squamish and Lillooet near the route of the Pacific Great Eastern railway. Most of these streams are listed under ''Miscellaneous Measurements," having regular stations, and will appear as such in the 1914 report wherever sufficient meter measurements have been taken to relate the gauge readings to the discharge. A considerable amount of work has already been done on Vancouver island by the engineers of the Water Rights Branch of the Provincial Government and the results of their work is contained in the 1913 report of that branch. It is expected that the stream measurement on the island in 1914 will l)e done by the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey while, in addition to this new work, it is expected that a number of new stations will be established in the Coast divi- sion, particularly in the vicinity of Lillooet. The measurements and records on the older stations and on the new ones already established will be continued, and their accuracy and reliability increased wherever possible. Reclamation-Pitt Meadows Dyke South of Sturgeon Slough. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 A general description of the main characteristics of this part of the province is here given, special attention being paid to all matters pertaining to the use and control of the streams. Following the general description is the information and data on the individual streams. Eoolamation-Pitt Meadows Dvke South of Sturgeon Slough. CLIMATE. The climate of Vancouver island and the coast generall3% corresponds very closely with that of England; the summers are fine and warm, with bright sunshine, and severe frost scarcely ever occurs in winter. On the main- land, similar conditions prevail till the higher levels arc reached, where the winters are colder. Summer frosts are rare except in the higher altitudes. The rainfall, generally speaking, is heavy, but the greater portion falls during the autumn and winter. Farther north, and in the higher altitudes, tlie winters are more severe and the annual precipitation lighter. On the report on each stream in the Coast division will bc^ found notes on the general climatic conditions, annual precipitation, etc. The records from the meteorological stations in the Coast division are used for this purpose whenever available. AGRICULTURE. The area of valuable agricultural land in the Coast district is very difficult to estimate on account of the very rugged and mountainous nature of the country. There is, however, a far larger area than one is led to believe on a superficial view of the country, as many of the valleys and benches which appear to be narrow, stony, and worthless, often prove to be of great agricultural value. Only a small portion of the available lands have as yet been taken u]) owing to the heavy cost of clearing and the lack of transportation facilities in many parts. The latter, however, is being gradually overcome with the construction of new railwavs. BRITISH COLUMBIA EYDROGRAPniC SURVEY 15 SESSIONAL PAP'ER No. 25f The great proportion of the agricultural areas lies in the valleys and lower benches, but the higher altitudes are often found to contain good grazing areas. All the ordinary fruit and field crops do well in the lower altitudes, while the higher areas are used for raising hay, and grazing. In this district, diversified farming is gradually superseding special farm- ing, as it is found to be more profitable than any special branch of the industry, except. in districts immediately adjoining the larger centres of population. The rapid growth of the Coast cities has led to the lands in their vicinity to be used almost exclusively for supplying the vegetal)les, fruits, poultry, and dairy products where an ever-increasing market is found, making this branch of farming a very profitable industry. Districts, remote from railways and other means of cheai) transportation, have been confined more particularly' to raising cattle and horses. This is partic- ularly true of Pemberton INIeadows and the Lillooet country. In order to winter the stock it is necessary to grow hay and other forage crops, while ^ a certain amount of fruit and vegetables are grown for local use. With the completion of the Pacific Great Eastern railway, this district will probably develop into a mixed-farming country. IRRIGATION. Irrigation is necessary in only a small portion of the Coast division, and the apportionment of water for such a purpose is not so great a problem as in some other parts of the province, although the proximity of a large irrigation country affords demonstration of the advantages of irrigation, and the mountain- ous nature of the country allows the methocl to be readily applied wherever it is desirable. H Rorlamrition-Pitf Moa^lows Pump Hou.so and Sluioo Gates. Along the coast and for many miles inland, the rainfall is so heavy that the farmer requires special means of drainage. However, much of this ]:)reciiM- tation falls in the winter, and not during the growing season, hence there is much less moisture than the figures for the annual precipitation would seem to indicate. In the vicinity of Hope, where there is a mean annual rainfall of some 50 inches, irrigation is jjractiscd to a certain <'xtent and jiromotes crops during a dry sununer. 16 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Some of the country in the vicinity of Lillooet is included in the Coast division though climatically it is part of the dry belt. Here irrigation is necessary to produce, crops, and the supply of water is rather limited. It is our intention to make a comprehensive study of the various sources that might be used for such a purpose, so that the Provincial Water Rights Branch may be supplied with all stream-flow data necessary for the proper administration of the water resources of that district. The results obtained will also be available for the water users themselves, and should be of considerable assistance in designing engineering works of any magnitude. Rcclamation-Pitt Meadows looking North of Sturgeon Slough showing flooded land to be reclaimed. RECLAMATION. Some of the most fertile agricultural land in the province is to be found in the rich alluvial meadows which comprise the delta of the Fraser river. These areas, being low, are subject to floods at certain seasons, and require dyking. There are other places also in the Coast division in which dyking or some form of reclamation is necessar3\ Wherever the work of this survey is connected with such projects, every assistance possible is rendered, and when there are streams to be diverted or otherwise controlled, the stream-flow data are partic- ularlv valuable. LUMBERING. It is estimated by the Provincial Forestry Branch that in the entire province there are over 100,000,000 acres of timber land, of which about 65,000,000 acres possess a topography and soil which will permit of the production of merchant- able timber, which, when transportation means become available, can be profit- ably logged. The present stand of merchantable timber in the province is estimated roughly at three hundred billion board feet. A conservative estimate places the amount of timber which can be cut annually without endangering the forests of the province at six and a half billion ])oard feet; the amount of timber cut annually at present is only about one-fifth of this. Hence, as the demand for lumber increases the annual cut will be increased until the maximum economic amount is reached. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f During 1912, about 75 per cent of the total amount of timber cut in the province came from the Coast district. The figures show a cut in tliis part of of the province of some seven hunch'ed and eighty milhon l^oard feet, composed mainly of fir and cedar, which grow to an immense size in the mild, moist climate of the coast. INIost of the lumbering is tlone during the sununer mouths when the weather is n)ild and there is comparatively little rain, the logs being hauled through the woods by "donkey" engines and heavy steel cables to tide water or to the larger rivers, whence the}" can be floated to the mills. In some cases logging railroads are being built to reach the timber more distant from the waterways. A number of the streams in the Coast division are used for running logs but only in the largest can logs be run at all seasons. Even during the heavier freshets, great difficulty is experienced on many of the streams, and in some cases the practice has been abandoned entirely. The great size of the logs makes it very difficult to run them, and logging railroads are gradually being adopted. The large amount of territory which is covered by forest growth has a great effect in regulating the run-off of all the streams in the Coast clivision, the heavy foliage and dense underbrush holding the moisture. At the headwaters of most of the streams, very little timber has been removed, and this, together with the high altitude, tends to keep the winter snows from melting off entirely until well on in the summer. As there are heavy rains in the fall, the period of low water during the summer and fall is verv short. Reclamation — Pitt Mctidows Dyke ami Sluice Gates. There are large tracts of country in the Coast division which are of great(M- value for timber than for any other purpose. Much of tlie land is rough, mountainous, and unsuitable for agriculture, while the timixT produced is vci-y valuable. 25 F— 3 18 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 I'lit I FISHING. Fishing is one of the largest industries in British Golumhia, and is one that must be seriously considered in all power development schemes in order that this important industry shall not, in any way, be damaged. Until recently commercial fishing was practically confined to the salmon which swarm in myriads up the rivers to the quieter waters in order to spawn. Now, however, the industry has largel}^ developed and many other branches of fisliing have been developed. In 1910 the catch of halibut in British Columbia was 21,500,000 pounds out of a total catch for the Dominion of 23,000,000 pounds. It will thus be seen that other branches of fishing are being largely developed. The preservation of the salmon is almost a vital necessity to the province, and to that end a number of hatcheries have been established on the inland waters. No obstruction should be allowed to remain in any stream to hinder the fish from reaching the spawning grounds. For instance, if anj^ considerable portion of the Fraser river or its tributaries was blocked for a single season so that the fish could not spawn, it would seriously diminish the run of salmon in the Fraser, four years later, and probably have consid(n'al)le effect also on the run eight years and even twelve years after. British Columbia is the anglers paradise. Thousands of tourists come here year after year to indulge in this sport on the inland lakes and streams where, with ideal surroundings, some of the finest fishing of the world is found. Every effort should be made to protect the fish and hence it is neces-sary to enforce certain restrictions on the use of the streams. In every power development which includes any form of dam across the stream in the Coast division, proper jirovision should be nuide for the passage of salmon and other fish. This is particularly so in the case of the Fraser river. It is neceesary to preserve the forest cover in order to maintain a regular stream flow. In such cases it would probably be best to reserve the timber, as was done by the Dominion Government in the case of the territory surrounding BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDKOGRAPHIC Sih'VKY 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Coquithim lake, which providet> the water supply for the city of New West- minster and also for the Vancouver Power Company's plant on Burrard inlet; the country surrounding this lake has been made into a reservation, and the land is not open for settlement. SEWACE DISPOSAL. Special precautions are taken to keep the inland waters pure for the sake of the fish. In construction camps, as well as in more permanent settlements, it is not permissible to run untreated sewage into streams or lakes. Some fairly efficient form of treatment is necessary if it is to be disposed of in such a way. This is altogether apart from more stringent measures which may be necessary when a source of municipal water supply is likely to be effected. INDUSTRIAL WASTE. The disposal of sawdust or other industrial wastes in the streams is a great danger, as the fish are apt to mistake such things for food and be seriousl}' injured thereby. Engineers and others establishing camps or factories at the coast would do well to see the regulations regarding the pollution of streams by all such waste materials. TRAXSPORTATIOX. The history of British Columbia is composed to a great extent of the development of the transportation facilities of the province, and it will be neces- sary to continue this development for many years to come. In a mountain- ous country like this, it is no easy matter to build trails and roads, and the construction of railroads is much more difficult and expensive than in the other provinces, but still good progress has been made in the last few years, and condi- tions are gradually improving. The Canadian Pacific railway has, since its construction, l)een the main line of traffic in British Columbia and for many years it was the only railroad in the province. Now, however, there are a number of other roads in o])eration or under construction in the Coast division, as well as in other j)arts. The Canadian Northern Pacific parallels the Canadian Pacific on the opposite side of the Fraser river. The British Columbia Electric Railway Company has interurban lines connecting Vancouver, Steveston, New Westminster, and Chilliwack. The Kettle Valley railway and the Vancouver Victoria and Elastern railway are being built up the Coquihalla river. The Pacific Great Eastern railway will connect North Vancouv(>r, Squamish, Lillooet, and Fort Cieorge. A. few miles of this road is being operated at present, and it is predicted that trains will be running from Sfiuamish to Lillooet l)y the end of 1914. Tliere are also a number of railways on \'ancouver island. The waterways of the Coast division are of considerable assistance in provid- ing transportation. There are a number of steamships plying between various points along the coast. A couple of small steamers run up the lower Fraser river. Pitt lake and Harrison lake and the rivers which flow out of them can be navigated by motor launches, and provide access to streams which cannot l)e reached by any other means. The mileage of roadways in this part of the ijrovince is quite small. There are roads in and around the more im])ortant centres, l)ut as a rule tliey do not extend any great distance. There are roads along both sides of the Fraser river as far as Ruskin on the north side, and Hope on the south, and a number of cross- roads have been opened out from both of them. The construction of new roads is necessarily slow, but from year to year new ones are l)uilt opening uj) new districts. 25f-3^ 20 DEPARTMEXT OF THE lyTERIOTi 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 ^ Foreshore — Pitt River. rorohoro — Pitt River. Work has been progressing for some time on the new Pacific highway which it is proposed to extend eventually right across British Columbia to the prairies, and to make of it a great automobile highway for tourists traffic, as well as providing for local transportation. This road is to run from Vancouver, nun ISH COLt MBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SLnVi:Y 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f through New Westminster and Cliiniwack. and folhnv u]) Silver creek and across the divide to Princeton. \A'hen completetl it will give access to the Skagit river. In the Coast division it has been necessary for us to use practically every means of transportation at some time or other, at times benig compelled to travel long distances on foot, sometimes carrying considerable packs. We use the best means of transportation available for our purposes, but circum- stances sometimes make it necessary to fall back on some of the more primitive methods. Transportation conditions in British C"olund)ia have been outlined above mainly with a view to show their influence on the work of th<' British Columbia Hydrographic Survey. These same conditions, of course, have a great effect on the trade, commerce, and industry of the province and. with the improvement of the shipping facilities b}' rail and steamboat, the prosperity of the province is bound to increase. Every such development, therefore, is bound to add to the demand for electric power, both for transportation and for manufacturing, and hence increase the value of the water-power sites of the province. .AllXIXG. There is considerable mining activity in the territory- inckuled in the Coast division. The most important product is coal from the mines on Vancouver island. The value of the coal mined in 1912 was nearly five and a half million dollars. One of the most important producers was the Canadian Colliers. Ltd. This firm operates a number of mines in the vicinity of Union bay, and has several small railroad lines to convej' the coal to tide-water. Power for these enterprises is now obtained from a hydro-electric plant on Puntledge river. The Vancouver Portland Cement Co. at Todd inlet, on Vancouver island, which is operated bj^ electric power transmitted from the British Columbia Electric Company's plant at Coldstream produces about §800,000 worth of cement annually. The mining industry- will probably utilize a larger amount of water-power in the future than it does at present. At one time considerable placer mining was done in the Coast division, and a large number of water records were taken out for this purpose. The placer deposits in this part of the province are not being worked to an}' extent now, though a few hj-draulic mines are in operation in the Cariboo. As transportation and labour conditions improve, however, and better smelting facilities are provided, there will probably be an increase in the number of mines working on low grade ores and on the baser metals. In such mines it is necessary to handle a large tonnage cheaply in order to make the properties pay and a good supply of cheap power would be a consider- able advantage. The Canadian Colliers serves as an example of the superiority of water-power over .steam-power even when a cheap supply of fuel is available. It is to be expected that other companies operating mines of a permanent nature will follow this firm's example. MANUFACTURING. British Colundna is not as yet a great manufacturing i)r()vince, though the value of the industries are gradually increasing, but the introduction of hydro- electric power and the improved transportation facilities are bound to promote industrial development in the province. The electrical transmission of power has greatly l)enefit1ed certain industries which are carried on in the cities; and many other industries have been developed close to the sources of power so as to escape transmission charges. In the older parts of the country there has been a great increase in the use of water-power within the last decade or two, anrl great improvements have been made. 22 DEPARTMf:XT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 WATER-POWER. In the Coast division there are a kirge number of good sites for developing water-power in various amounts. Several plants have already been constructed, and a number of other propositions are being investigated by various companies and individuals. The power possibilities, if any, of each stream which has been investigated b}- the engineers of this survey are described, and where plants have already been constructed or where it is proposed to construct them, descrip- tions are also given. PLANTS ox STREAMS INVESTICiATED WITHIN THE RAILWAY BELT. Coquitlam River. The Vancouver Power Company generates its power mainly at its two plants on Buntzen lake. These plants are situated on the North Arm of Burrard inlet and use the water of the Coquitlam river under a head of 400 feet. There is a storage dam on lake Coquitlam, and the water is conveyed through a tunnel 12,775 feet long to lake Buntzen. This latter lake acts as an equalizing reservoir, and from it the water is led through penstocks to the power-house. The power generated is used for lighting and industrial purposes in ^'ancouver, New Westminster, Steveston, Chilliwack, and the lower mainland generally, as well as for operating city and interurban car lines in the same district. Stave River. The Western Canada Power Compam' has a plant on the Stave river at Stave falls. A series of dams near the power-house raises the level of Stave lake, and provides good storage. Short steel penstocks carry the water from the dam to the power-house. The head varies from 100 to 120 feet according to the level of the lake. Gilley Creek. Gilley Bros., of New Westminster, operate a rock quarry on Pitt lake by means of water-power from Gilley creek. A wooden stave pipe is used to convey the water to two small Pelton wheels which drive the screening plant and air compressor mechanically. A third wheel is used to drive a small dynamo which supplies current for lighting at night. There is a storage dam on ]\Iunro lake to regulate the flow of the stream. The total available head is about 2,000 feet, but only 600 feet is being used at present. The flow of this stream was given in the annual report for 1911 and 1012. DEVELOPED POWER SITES ON STREAMS OUTSIDE RAILWAY BELT. Jordan River. Tlic \'ancouver Island Power Comjiany has a ])lant on Jordan rivt-r and supplies power to the A'ictoria liranch of the British Columbia Electric Railway- Company. Pvntledge River. The Canadian Colliers, Etd., has a plant on Puntledge river near Union bay on the east coast of Vancouver island, supplying power to a number of mines and operating electric railways connecting the mines with tide-water. This plant is referred to under the heading "Mining" in the "General Report.' BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Powell River. There is a water-power ])la.nt on the Powell river, whieli operate.-^ a laroe pulp-mill by direct mechanical drive. UNDEVELOPED POWER SITES — IX TERRITORY ALREADY COVERED, NOT INCLUDING VANCOUVER ISLAND AND OTHER PARTS OF THE COAST DIVISION. Bridge River. A head of 2,000 feet could V)e developed at Bridge river In" driving a tunnel through the ridge separating it from Seton lake. The water would be diverted into the tunnel from Bridge river and conveyed from the other portal by steel ))enstocks to the power-house situated on Seton lake. A great amount of power could be developed here, but the cost of the tunnel would render a large initial development necessary. The Pacific Great Eastern railway, which is being constructed along the north side of Seton lake, would provide good transportation but extra precaution would have to be taken to prevent a washout by any leaks or breaks in the tunnel or penstocks. Special provision might have to be made for carrving the extra discharge from Seton lake. Chehalis River. The plan of development on this stream inckules a storage and intake dam near the lower end of Chehalis lake, and a large concrete pipeline, some 10 miles in length, to an equalizing reservoir near the mouth of the river. The penstocks would lead from the reservoir to the power-house, and would give a head of about 400 feet. Chehalis lake would give splendid storage. It might be possible to divert the flow of the west fork (Statlu creek) into the lake or into the pipeline. It is not possible to maintain a gauging station near the lake for lack of a gauge reader. The flow given at the station at the mouth must be greatly reduced to give the flow available. Chilli irack River. Chilliwack river is (piite a large stream, having a fall of about 2.000 feet between Chilliwack lake and the Eraser river. At one time it was proposed to carry water from Chilliwack lake to .)on(>s lake, but this scheme was abandoned owing to the heavy expense which would be involved, and also as it was found that Chilliwack lake was not at a suffi- ciently high elevation above Jones lake. Another proposal is to construct a tunnel from the Upper Chilliwack valley to the valley of the Fraser river. This plan is probably quite feasible, but suflRcient surveys have not been made to develop all its features. On account of the great expense of the tunnel, it would l)e necessary to make a large initial development. Co Aiihalla River. About () miles from Hope, and just above the mouth of the Xicoluin river, the Coquihalla flows through a narrow gorge from 30 to 70 fe(>t wide. The precipitous rock walls ris(> to a height of 150 feet. By constructing a dam at this canyon, a head of 100 or 125 feet could be obtained. The power-house could be built opposite the mouth of the Xicolum river, and the water conveyed to it from the dam through a tunnel. 24 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Below the mouth of the Nicolum river is another small canyon and falls (Natural Bridge), but it would be rather expensive to utilize this fall with the other. The gauging station gives the flow of the whole river, including that of the Nicolum, but the waters of this stream could not be used in the upper develop- ment. Green River. At Nairn falls there is a good site for a development. An intake dam could be built on a rock foundation above the falls and connected by a short penstock with the power-house built below the falls. The Pacific Great Eastern railway is being built along the river bank within a few hundred feet of the falls, and would give good transportation. The presence of the railway along the east shore of Green lake will seriously interfere with the use of the lake for storage, and there would be very little pond- age at the falls, but it might be possible to store water on the tributaries, Soo river or Six-mile creek. Jones Creek. The Vancouver Power Company has been investigating Jones creek as a possible source of power. The plan is to drive a tunnel through the ridge between Jones lake and the Fraser valley. The tunnel would be 10,200 feet long. Steel penstocks, 6,000 feet in length, would lead from the portal to the power-house on the bank of the Fraser river. A dam near the outlet of the lake would provide considerable storage. Boulder creek could easily be diverted into the lake. This plant would utilize the combined flow of Jones and Boulder creeks, and would be fairly well regu- lated by the storage in Jones lake, under a head of 1,800 feet. Mesliloet (Indian) River and tributaries. The Westminster Power Company proposes to develop power from the Mesliloet river and tributaries, and have already made extension surveys. Splendid storage facilities are available in Norton, Young, and Ann lakes: from the first named lake a head of 2,000 feet could be developed. North LiUooet River. A small amount of power could be developed at a falls on the North LiUooet river. The municipality of Maple Ridge, however, has applied for the right to use part of the water for domestic purposes. Rainboir Creek. A series of falls near the mouth of the creek give a head of 030 feet in about half a mile. A small diversion dam could be built at the head of the falls to turn the water into the pipeline. A power-house could be built on the flat at the mouth of the river, a few hundred feet from Pitt lake. Raven (Rush ton) Creek. This is a small creek flowing into Pitt lake. Rushton lake is 700 feet above Pitt lake and only 4,000 feet distant. About 1,000 feet from Pitt lake tiiere is a fall of 100 feet. Mr. E. J. Fader projioses to run a pipeline from tiie head of the falls to a power-house to be built near the mouth of tiie creek. The power is to be used for running a rock cpiarry and gravel screening plant, neither of which have been built as yet. BRITISH COLUMBIA UYDIUKlRAl'HlV SI RVI:Y 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Silver Creek (near Hope). It would be quite possible to develop power on Silver creek which Hows into the Fraser river, near Hope, though as yet no definite details of any such scheme have been worked out. There is a fall of 1,100 feet from Silver lake to the Fraser, but it is pretty evenly distrilnited over a distance of 5 miles. A long flume line would be necessary to develop any considerable amount of power. Silver lake might be used for storage as long as it did not damage the Pacific highway which is being built up the creek valley and along the lake. Silver Creek {tributary Pitt river). This stream might be used for developing a small amount of power, but the municipality of Coquitlam is planning to obtain its Avater supply from it. Slollicum Creek. This small stream discharges into an arm of Harrison lake. It has a series of falls near the mouth, with a total drop of 2,000 feet in about half a mile. South Lillooet River. Various plans have been proposed at difTerent times for developing power on this stream. They are outlined imder the description of the stream in this report. Probably the simplest method from a physical standpoint Avould be to drive a tunnel from Lillooet lake to Stave lake. This would enable the Western Canatia Power Compan}' to use the water in their present plant at Stave falls and also in the plant they propose to construct near the mouth of the river. Another plant could be constructed on Stave lake below the outlet of the tunnel to utilize the fall from Lillooet lake to Stave lake, some 100 feet. This plan would give a very efficient means of utilizing the whole fall between Lillooet lake and the Fraser river. MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY. A number of streams in the Coast division are used for sui)i)lying water for various cities and municipalities. Most of these streams are being studied by the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey, and data and information about them are included in this report. For the sake of reference a list is given here:- - Vancouver and many of the surrounding municii)alities obtain their supply from Capilano and Seymour creeks, and the water is carriinl across Burrard inlet at the First and Second Narrows, resi)ectively, through subm(M-ged pipes. North \'ancouver is supplied from Lynn creek. New Westminster has a pipeline from lake Ccxjuitlam. 'I'hc X'aiicouvcr Power Company, during the construction of the dam at thc> outlet of Xhv lake, built a splendid intake tower and tunnel for the city. The municipality of Coquitlam is preparing to install a system to draw water from Silver creek which flows into Pitt river from the north near Pitt lake. The municipality of Maple Ridge has applied for water rights and a reser- vation of the watershed on the North Lillooet river. In addition to the places mentioned above, \'ictoi'ia and a iiuiidx'r of otiicr places on Vancouver island have install(Ml water supply systems. It is our intention to continue this work of investigation of water supplies during 1914, with the extension of the work of the survey to include the island. ^^'herc a stream or lake is used to provide a nuinicipal water supply it is often advisable to reserve the entire water basin from settlement, as was done at Coquitlam lake for the New Westminster water supply. In this country 26 DEi'ARTMFXr OF THE ISTKh'IOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 the upper drainage basins are at such high altitudes, and the land is of such mountainous and rocky nature, a reservation does not as a rule interfere with agricultural development, but keeps the water pure and uncontaminated and preserves the natural regimen of the stream. CONCLUSION. The foregoing outline of conditions in the Coast division should serve to show how intimately the streams are connected with the life of the province. The prosperity of the country is dependent to a great extent on the flow of the streams, and for many purposes it is necessary that the amount of this flow should be known quite accurately. The flow of each stream varies from day to day, so that continuous records are generally required. Records of the flow of the more important streams in the Coast division are submitted herewith. It has been the aim to make these results as complete and accurate as possil)le under the circumstances. In locating the gauging stations, the purpose for which the returns would be used in each case has been kept steadily in mind. It is hoped, therefore, that the results obtained will not be of merely academic interest, but will be of great practical import anc in the development of this part of the province. The inquiries which are beginning to come to the office would indicate that such is the case. 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 REPORT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY FOR 1913 CHAPTER 3 Kamloops Division REPORT OF E. M. DAXX. D.L.S. Divisional Engineer 27 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 CHAPTER III. KAMLOOPS DIVISION. The Kamloops Division is comprised of: — (1) The Thompson river and all its tributaries. (2) The Okanagan river and all its tributaries which lie north of the inter- national boundary. (3) The Fraser river at Lytton, and tributaries of the Fraser between and including Stein creek and the Nahatlatch river. (4.) That portion of the Skagit river and its tributaries lying within the province of British Columbia. AREA OF THE KA^ILOOPS DIVISION. The area of the Thompson river catchment basin is some 22,000 square miles. The area of the Okanagan river catchment basin lying north of the forty- ninth parallel of latitude is about 6,000 scpiare miles. The area of that portion of the Fraser river drainage which lies within the Kamloops division is about 1,000 square miles. The area of that portion of the Skagit river which lies north of the forty- ninth parallel is about 400 square miles. It will readily be seen that this division which comprises roughl}' an area of 29,000 square miles can be most advantageously directed from Kamloops, where the divisional office is at present located. The division includes the provincial water districts Nos. 2, 3 and 4. CLIMATE. The Kamloops division lias been outlined arl)itrarily by drainage areas. It might almost as logically have been bounded by a 30-inch precipitation contour. With the exception of the upper reaches of the North Thompson, at no point within the Kamloops division does the mean precipitation exceed this amount, and the settled districts lying outside its l)oundaries where the l^recipitation is less may readily be enumerated. Speaking in general terms, the Kamloops division covers that portion of British Columbia popularly known as the " dry belt," in which irrigation is practised. Within this section of country, precipitation varies from a minimum of 5 inches ])er annum in the vicinity of Ashcroft to a probable maxinmm of 35 inches near Tete Jaune Cache. The mean annual precipitation and maximum and minimum temperatures (including snowfall 10 inches — 1 inch rain) of .several important centres in the district is appended. 30 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Station. Kaiiiloops . . Nicola lake. . Okanagan. . . Princeton.. . Salmon Arm Maximum Minimum Mean annual temperature ever temperature ever precipitation. recorded . recorded. (degree F.). (degree F.)- In. ° = 10-30 102-4 (1906) -26-9 (1893) 1119 92-5 (1896) -360 (1907) 12-62 96-2 (1908) -19-4 (1907) 13-05 101-0 (1897) (1904) -450 (1907) 18-27 101-0 (1906) (1908) -200 (1907) It may be added that the periods of severe cold are ahnost always of very short duration, while intense heat is usually felt only after a time of prolonged drought. AVithin the dry belt, the exceptionally fine weather of the spring and autumn, and the long duration of these seasons, is remarkable. NATURAL RESOURCES. MINING. Mining, except in the older section of the division, is still in its infancy. The principal mine, the largest of its kind in British Columbia, is the Nickel Plate ]\Iinc operated by the Hedley Gold Mining Compaii}', at Hedley, B.C.; in the past year it yielded 38,000 ounces of gold, from which $360,000 was paid in dividends. A large stamp mill, a concentrator, a tramway, and other various essentials of this large organization are operated at present by hydro-electric power from Twenty-mile creek. As no material facilities for storage have been obtained, it has been necessary to operate an auxiliar}- steam plant during the winter months. A dam across the Similkameen river at Hedley is now under construction, and a larger h\^dro-electric plant is proposed by which the output of the mine may be increased 50 per cent. A head of 67 feet is ()l)tainable in 3 miles, water being conveyed from the headgate to the penstocks in open flumes. It is thought that 1,500 horse-power to 1,700 horse-poAver may be obtained. The need of records of the flow of the Similkameen river has been felt by the designing engineers. The coal mines of the Nicola valley come next in importance. These put on the market a variety of bituminous coal known as " Nicola," a good steam fuel, formerly largely used by the Canadian Pacific Railway. The substitution of oil-burning locomotives on certain divisions of the railway has tended to decrease the market for products of the mines. During 1912 the total output of this section was some 230,000 tons. In the vicinity of Princeton and Tulameen, in the Similkameen valley, coal mines are in operation of which output during 1911 was about 25,000 tons (largely lignite). Near Kamloops the "Iron Mask Mine," a low-grade copper mine, is in operation, the ore being shipped to a United States smelter. Several placer gold mines have recently l^een discovered on Louis and Boulder creeks, north of Kamloops. The production at present is very small, l)ut it is possible that these placer deposits will prove a valuable source of gold, and increase substantially the annual output of the precious metal in British Columbia. BRITI>Wl,' ^^0t^ ''IW-T^ 3SBS?^t»**'r^'"> ^ im I ppi i'_('<>luiiilj'a_Vallcy_Bottoni Lands near Wilmcr B.( 32 DEPAUTMEyr OF THE TXrERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 farming, and j^ear by year the old-fashioned methods are beinp; superseded by the product of modern ideas. Where formerly the open gravel ditches or flumes of rough timber were seen paying their toll for inefficiency through leakage, seepage, and evaporation, one now sees the concrete lined and covered-in canals and the carefully constructed metal flumes. This applies at present, of course, only to the larger land companies whose initial capital has permitted the more expensive and efficient construction to be undertaken, but even the small farmer is paying more attention to this sul),iect than heretofore. Upper Columbia Valley Bottom Land?;, near Wilmer, B.C. Irrigation is at present carried on almost entirely b}' gravity methods, but the pumping of water from the larger rivers to the bottom and bench lands will open up a large field for future development. A scientific study of pumping, including efficiency of various types of pumps, prime movers, and fuels is very advisable at the present time, as it will be the means of preventing costly mistakes on the part of those ranchers progressive enough to adopt this method of reclaiming arid land. As this question might well be considered in the jurisdiction of the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey, it is recommended that steps be taken in this connection during the coming season. Fruit growing is the predominant pursuit iu the Okanagan and portions of the Similkameen valleys, while mixed farming is carried on in the Kamloops, Nicola, and Shuswap sections. Stock raising is gone in for to a great extent, particularly in the vicinity of Kamloops, Ashcroft, and IMerritt, where the ranges are eminently suited to this industry'. Alfalfa is groAvn extensively in these sections for winter feeding. The names of some of the larger irrigation companies in the Kamloops division which have constructed extensive irrigation works are appended: White River Valley Power Co. (Vernon), British Columbia Fruitlands (Kamloops), British Columbia Horticultural P^states (Walhachin). Barnes Estates (Walh- achin), Summerland Development Co. (Summerland), South(Tn Okanagan Land Co. (Penticton), Belgo Canadian Land Co. (KeloA\ma), South Okanagan Land and Orchard Co. (Kelowna). Kelowna Irrigation Co. (Kelowna). BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY. The question of municipal water supply, which is a momentous problem in the more thickly populated districts of the world, while not yet so urgent or important in British Columbia owing to the physical features of this province, still it is a matter which, for the sake of the future, must receive intelligent thought. Kamloops, the largest town in the dry belt, gets its water supply from the South Thompson river; Vernon, Kelowna, Salmon Arm, and Penticton, from adjacent mountain streams; Ashcroft from the Bonaparte river. Sewage disposal is a matter which is intimately related to the question of water supph% especially in towns situated on the larger rivers. It is now con- sidered an axiom that no practical method of sewage purification will entirely eliminate disease-producing germs, although modern methods will materially reduce them. Any city which derives its water supply from a river or stream into which other cities or communities discharge their sewage, whether treated or raw, will generally find it necessary to purify the stream's water before it may be safely used for domestic purposes. While a study of velocity and discharge is necessary on streams from which a water supply is derived, and which act as a medium for the disposal of sewage, it is on the smaller streams that hydrographic work is of most importance. Since conditions do not alwaj^s permit of the impounding of surplus run-off in reservoirs, the minimum discharge of any stream which is a source of water supply is of particular interest. An average city or town consumes 100 gallons of water per day per capita. This is considered to be a liberal estimate and is arrived at by taking the mean of various quantities used in numbers of cities and towns throughout the States United ancl Canada, in which countries, by the way, the wanton waste of water is notorious. (Johnston--" Purification of Public Water Supplies".) WATER-POWER DEVELOPMENTS. CITY OF KAMLOOPS PLANT ON BARRIERE RIVER. The principal hydro-electric development in the Kamloops division is the <-ity of Kamloops municipal plant of the Barriere river, for which Messrs. Ducane and Dutcher, of \\ancouver, are designing and constructing engineers. Since 1911, records of flow have been obtained showing a maximum of 3,300 second-feet, and a low-water flow of 150 second-feet. The plant will operate under a head of 196 feet, water being carried by 17,800 feet of flume line to the penstocks. Good storage facilities are afforded, anrl no serious interference from frazil or anchor ice is anticipated. The initial capacity of the plant will be 1600 to 2000 horse-power and provi- sion is being made for its ultimate extension to 10,000 horse-power. The cost of this initial undertaking is estimated at .S237,60(). The ultimate development will probably increase the cost by S250.000 to .S300,0()(). Power will be generated at 2200 volts 3 phase, 60 cycles, being stepped up to 44,000 volts for trans- mission. Step-down transformers, switchboard, etc., will be located at the auxiliary steam plant power-house at Kamloops. Two 1200-horsepower Francis type turbines arc to be used for the initial rnian. Dundee | Ymir. . Second Relief Mill 'Salmo. \r iscellaneous Total (d) Ainsworth District. Bluebell IRiondcl. Silver Hoard Remark:- Power is supplied to all mines at Rossland by the West Kootenav Power & Light Co. Q.v. under hydro-electric de- velopments. 2.034 400 24,728 40 Avalanche rapids. l.")0 This plant is now being in- stalled . Water is taken from Wild Horse creek. 600 950 3,881 22,795 90 200 4,870 32,059 200 250 86,396 250 125 500 200 Power from Sheep creek, Mothcrlodj is a gold mine. Now amalgamated with Mo- therlode mine. Power from Kokanee creek. Power from AVest Kootenay Light & Power Co. Power from the West Koot?- nay Light & Power Co. Copper mine. Power from the City of Nelson Light & Power Co. Power from Beaver creek: 300- foot hjad. Power from North Fork of Salmon river: 260-foot head. iPower from Indian creek. Head about 750 feet. Development now being in- stalled, water from Cedar creek. Power from Cedar creek, De- velopment now being in- stalled . Power from Twelve-mile creek, tributary- to Kaslo river. 200 Power from Whitewater creek, 1 tributary- to Kaslo river. 46 DEPAETMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Smelters. 1913.. Locality. Tons" Treated. ¥:zr. i^— -k^- Consolidated Granby Trail 335,323 Grand Forks. 1,242,053 3 , 000 West Kootenay Light & Power Co. 3, 500 West Kootenav Light & Power Co. 700 Development immediately above Smelter on north fork of Kettle river. 2, 000 West Kootanav Light & Power Co. B. C. Copper Greenwood. 022,442 TIMBER. Among the great industries of Kootenay and Boundary districts is the lumber manufacturing business, the timber being logged from the great tracts of timber which cover the mountains of the vichiity. Many millions of dollars are invested in the timber limits and mills, and the amount of money expended annually in labour and supplies reaches a huge figure. In the mountain district of British Columbia there are in the neighbourhood of one hundred mills of various sizes, and the majority of these are in southeastern British Columbia. The lumber industry in this district has been largely dependent upon the demand from the prairies, but this year some of the mills of the interior of the province claim that they will find a market in the United States, on account of the reduction in the duty which became effective with the passage of the new Tariff Bill. During 1913 market conditions in the Prairie Provinces were not particularly good, yet in spite of this fact it is estimated from the official figures of the amount shipped out that the value of the lumber exceeded §58,000, 000. Low stocks in prairie lumber yards at the present time, together with last season's good crops, are pointed to as indicating an improved market during the coming year. Lumber companies, which are scattered throughout the whole division, use the numerous streams for log-driving during the freshet in May, June, July, and August. In BoundarA- district on Kettle river th(^ drive in 1913 amounted to 20,000,000 feet. ^ IRRIGATION L.\NDS. The scarcity of agricultural lands and the richness of the soil necessitates the utilization of all available lands in an attempt to fulfil the demands of the local markets. With the exception of small plots here and there, the valleys of Columbia, Kootenaj', and Kettle rivers afford the only location of agricultural lands. The two most important and largest farming localities are " Windermere- Cranbrook" and Grand Forks districts. In the first case, large benches along Columbia and Kootenay rivers have attracted many settlers, and large com- panies are now developing 10,000 to 20,000-acre tracts which would be of little value to the individual farmer on account of the prohibitive cost of installing an irrigation system. Grand Forks district is well known for its orchards, and the land generally brings a high price per acre. In the vicinity of Nelson and along Lower ArroAV lake, large tracts of land have recently been cleared, and appearances tend to show that both fruit growing and mixed farming may be successfully carried on in these localities. Irrigation is required in both Grand Forks and Windermere-Cranbrook districts. In the latter district the gravity system only is in use. The Columbia Valley Orchards are installing an extensive irrigation system, including about BRITISH VlUA MBIA UYDROGRAPHIC ISUR'VET 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 20 miles of flume, and are obtaining water from the Vermilion river and Sinclair creek. The Columbia Valley Irrigated Fruit Lands Company at Invermere are also installing a large system by which they obtain water from Dutch, Toby, and Horsethief creeks. These two companies expect to irrigate about 100,000 acres of land. In Grand Forks district, pumping from Kettle river is used extensively. Power is supplied chiefly by the West Kootenay Light & Power Company. Very little irrigation is required in any other part of this division. DOMESTIC AND MrXICIPAL. The numerous small streams; particularly in East and West Kootenays, make it a simple matter for the settler to have his own pipeline and water supply. In the same way onl}^ a few villages should have difficulty in obtaining a suitable supply. It is hoped that this survey will be able to publish information which will assist in the installation of adequate water systems where such have not already been installed. The following towns are lighted l:)y hydro-electric developments: Revel- stoke, Glacier, Nelson, Trail, Rossland, Grand Forks. Phoenix, Greenwood, Eholt, New Denver, Silverton, and Kaslo. HYDRO-ELECTRIC DEVELOFMENTS. The "Utilization of Water" has already been discussed under the four headings referring to '']\Iining," "Timber," "Irrigation," and "Municipal and. Domestic," and in three of these headings hydro-electric developments have been mentioned. Practically every water plant for mining purposes is used to some degree as a hydro-electric development. Pumping by hj^dro- electric power for irrigation purposes is used in Grand Forks district, and some ten towns in this division are lighted by hydro-electric developments. By far the most important development is that of the West Kootenay Light "and Power Company, situated at Upper Bonnington falls on Kootenay river, 11 miles from Nelson. This plant is operating under a 64-foot head. Two 8,000-horse-power units are in operation, and a third unit of 10,000 horse- power is now being installed. The capacity of the plant is 36,000 horse-power and it was designed to use 3-runner turbines. Power is supi)lied to mines in Nelson, Rossland, and Boundary districts, to the smelters at Trail, Grand Forks and Greenwood, to light the towns of Rossland, Trail, Eholt, Grand Forks, and Phoenix, and for iiumping for irrigation jiurposcs in (irand Forks district. The West Kootenay Power and Light Company has two auxiliary ])lants, one at Lower Bonnington falls on Kootenay river, 12 miles from Nelson, and one on Kettle river at Cascade. The plant at Lower Bonnington falls has a capacity of 4,000 hors(>-power, and operates under a head of about 40 feet. At Cascade the plant is operated under a head of 155 feet, and the develoiv ment exceeds 5,000 horse-power. The City of Nelson Light and Power plant is situated at Tapper Bonnington falls on the opposite shore to the \\'est Kootenay Light and Power Comi)any's plant. It is operated under a 60-foot head, and at present generates 1,250 k.w., the power is used to light the city of Nelson, to operate the city street railway, for manufacturing purposes in Nelson, and to operate one or two mines in the vicinty of Nelson. On the north fork of Kettle river the Granby Mining, Smelting and Power Company have a small development. This plant is operated under a head of 30 feet, and supplies light and a small portion of the power used in the stucltcr; 700 horsc-powcr is generated. 48 DEPARTMEYT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 lUocillewaet River— Rcvclstoke Light and Power Company's Dam. BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Greenwood City Power and Light plant is located at Boundary falls on Boundary creek. The plant is operated under a head of 130 feet, and supplies light to the city of Greenwood. Capacity 250 horse-power. The City of Revelstoke Power and Light plant is located on Illecillewaet river about 2 miles from Revelstoke. A concrete dam has been built, and water is carried to the power-house, some 200 yards below, through a 6-foot stave pipe. The present plant is in duplicate on a 450 k.w. capacity basis. The C.P.R. have a small installation on the Illecillewaet near Glacier the power generated being used for lighting their hotel at that point from May to October. The plant is operated under a head of 60 feet and about 100 horse- power. (12-hour power) is obtained. A concrete dam 15 feet high and 100 feet long affords a small storage, and to increase the flow in the earl}- morning water is diverted from Asulkan brook. New Denver, Silverton. and Kaslo have small developments for lighting purposes on Carpenter creek, Four-mile creek, and Kaslo river, respectively. As the country progresses the demand for power increases, and it is expected that during the coming year several more plants of from 5,000 to 10,000 horse- power will be installed in this division. HYDROGRAPHIC DATA. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, 1913. Throughout Kootenay-Boundary division in 1913 very high water existed. The snowfall during the winter 1912-13 was heavy, and for the first two weeks in June the days and nights were hot throughout practically the entire division. Columbia river below Arrow lakes became abnormally high and great damage was threatened; however, on the 15th of June cool weather set in throughout the Kootenay drainage area and continued for a sufficient length of time to check extreme high water. Nevertheless, two washouts occurred on the Great North- ern between Waneta and Marcus along the Columbia. The Kootena}- at Nelson registered about 8 feet higher than in 1912, and the water was up to the base of the C.P.R. rail at a point between Nelson and Granite. The streams in the northern half of East and West Kootenays aggregated a flow 20 per cent greater than the 1912 discharges. RESUME OF PROPOSED WORK FOR 1914. Up to the present there has not been sufficient money available to investigate ice conditions, for which reason verj' little information is available as to minimum flow and winter discharges on the streams in East Kootenay, the northern part of West Kootenay, and the Boundary. It is proposed during the winter of 1914- 15 to thoroughly investigate the behaviour of those streams on which there are power possibilities. Among those streams will be: Columbia at Revelstoke, Donald and Golden, Kicking Horse, Blael)erry, Tobj', Horsethief, No. 2 Bug- aboo, Spillimacheen, Beaver, Illecillewaet, Jordon, Akolkolex, Incomappleux, Kettle, Elk, Bull, and St. Marys. It is hoped that by INIay, 1914, to have stations established and to have systematic gaugings on sixty of the most important streams in Kootenay-Boundarj^ division. 25f- 5 GEORGE V. . SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 REPORT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY FOR 1913 CHAPTER 5 Coast Division— Hydrographic" Data 25f— 51 51 5 GEORGE V. ; ^ . ' SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 CHAPTER V. COAST DIVISION-^HYDROGRAPHIC DATA. REGULAR METERING STATION. BELKXAP CREEK AT BELKNAP LAKE. Location — Section 36, township 6, range 7, west of the 7th meridian. Records Available — Continuous records since October 21, 1912. Wiriter Conditions — ^Very heavy snowfall but practically no ice on the stream. Open water conditions all year. Gauges — ^Staff gauge near outlet of lake — ^readings irregular, one or two per week. Channel — Bed of stream strewn with rocks and boulders, giving uneven bottom but good control. Discharge Measurements — One measurement in 1912 and six in 1913, well distributed — measurements made from cable carrier. Accuracy — Good meter measurements, but gauge readings not regular, one or two per week. BELKXAP CREEK. Belknap creek rises at the foot of mount Ida, at an elevation of some 3000 feet, and discharges into Hixon creek below Belknap lake at an elevation of about 1500 feet. It is part of Burrard Inlet drainage. It would be very difficult to attempt to estimate the drainage area of the stream from the data at present available. The precipitation in the Belknap creek watershed is probably between 120 and 150 inches per annum. There is very heavy snowfall in the winter, but the weather is not cold, and very little ice forms on the streams. There are two important lakes on the creek; Ann lake, at an elevation of 2200 feet, has an area of 83 acres; Belknap lake, at an elevation of 1800 feet, has an area of 15 acres. The Westminster Power Company proposes to include Belknap creek in the high head development. The latest proposal is to divert water from some point between Ann and Belknap lakes, and carry it by means of a short flume and pipeline into Norton lake, which is to be used as the main equalizing reser- voir. There are two gauging stations on Belknap creek. Up to the present the station at the lower end of Belknap lake is the one which has been most used. In 1913, however, a second station was established below Ann lake near the proposed site for the diversion to Norton lake. Meter measurements have been taken at this station, but no regular gauge readings. Discharge Measurements of Belknap Creek at Belknap Lake, 1912-13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter Area of Mean ' Gauge No. Width. Section Velocity. Height. Discharge. Oct. 21, 1912. C. G Cline June 4. 1913. H. C. Hughes | 1,673 35-0 101-3 2-66 3-20 2570 11,1913. do 1,673 340 85-4 : 1-82 2-70 1480 25,1913. do 1,673 33-5 , 87-6 1-76 i 2-65 1470 July 22,1913. do 1,673 360 106-3 1-98 ' 2-92 2020 31,1913. do 1.673 350 73-7 1-02 202 75-0 Sept. 22 1913. F. MacLachlan ] 1,673 .350 50-3 0-85 1-55 40-9 Ft. per sec. Feet. 0-66 1-60 2-66 3-20 1-82 2-70 1-76 2-65 1-98 2-92 1-02 202 0-85 1-55 Sec -ft. .33- 54 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Monthly Discharge of Belknap Creek at Belknap Lake for 1913. Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. RVN-OFF. Total in acre-feet. January February March April May June July August September October November December The year Note. — Accuracy "B" and "C 33 11 65 202 255 192 87 93 409 61 41 409 9 25 155 93 33 25 15 25 21 8 14 11 38 82 174 137 54 54 81 40 33 60-5 491 777 676 2,260 5,040 10,400 8,420 3,320 3,210 4,980 2,380 2,030 43,984 Monthly Discharge of Belknap Creek below Belknap Lake for 1912. Month. DiiCH.\RGE in Second-Feet. Run-off. Ma.^imum. Minimum. Mean. Total in acre-feet. 65 27 15 8 48 14 2,860 860 Note. — Accuracy "B" and "C". BRITISH COLUMBIA UYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 55 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges, Belknap Creek below Belknap for 1912. October. November. December. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 51 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1.^ 2 52 12 3 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 1 11 4 1 10 5 a 6 0-7 8 7 10 8 12 9 14 10 16 11 1A 12 20 13 22 14 1 24 15 1 2fi 1« 1-9 65 1-4 27 17 61 24 18 57 21 19 53 49 45 41 37 33 29 25 23 20 17 15 ■ ■6-7' 18 20 15 21 1-6 41 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 ....^.^. 12 22 10 23 8 24 8 25 I 26 8 27 8 28 8 29 8 30 8 31 8 ' 56 DEPARTMENT OF THE I'NTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Belknap Creek near Belknap Lake for 1913. Day. January. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge 1 Dis- Height. 1 charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 0-7 Sec.-ft. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 • 8 Feet. 0-7 Sec.-ft. 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 12 15 17 19 22 24 27 30 33 25 18 11 11 11 11 11 Feet. ■'■'i-o' '■■■iio' "■ O'S' Sec.-ft. 9 9 9 9 9 11 Feet. 0-8 "'x'.k' Sec.-ft. 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 21 33 45 57 58 59 60 60 61 62 63 64 65 65 60 55 50 45 40 Feet. '"i-35' "'i-95' 1-9 ........ 1-85 "2-95' Sec -ft. 35 30 25 33 40 48 55 63 70 69 69 68 67 66 66 65 65 64 63 62 61 75 80 103 117 131 145 159 173 187 202 Feet. "■■'3-2' ""i'-i)' 2-7 ""i'-Y ■■■2'65' ""2-1' Sec.-ft. 215 2 228 3 0-7 1-5 ■ 241 4 255 5 240 6 226 7 212 8 198 9 184 10 0-7 170 11 156 12 156 13 156 14 156 15 0-7 156 16 17 155 18 154 19 153 20 152 21 152 22 23 0-7 151 150 24 i 11 1-0 11 149 25 148 26 151 27 154 28 156 29 156 30 0-7 155 31 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDBOGKAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 57 Daily Gauge Heights axd Discharges of Belknap Creek near Belknap Lake for 1913— Con. D.\Y. July. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge • Dis- Height. 1 charge. Gauge 1 Dis- Height . 1 charge . Gauge Dis- | Gauge Height, charge. Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 154 153 152 150 148 146 143 141 138 135 131 127 120 Feet, ■'■'jig' Sec.-ft. 87 81 75 70 65 63 61 59 57 57 57 57 57 Feet. ■■2-2' Sec.-ft. 48 55 63 70 78 85 93 88 82 76 71 59 48 37 35 35 31 28 26 25 31 37 41 45 50 54 58 62 67 56 Feet. Sec.-ft. ' Feet. 44 33 1-3 22 '.'.'.'.'.'..'. 22 '.'.'..'.'.'.'. 22 '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 22 '.'.'.'/.'.'.'. 22 1-^5 1-3 22 152 282 3-9 409 3-6 343 1-.55 246 14S 1-S 57 57 56 1 56 1 55 [ 55 54 5i Sec.-ft. 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 61 56 49 44 41 37 37 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 38 38 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 Feet. ""lie Sec.-ft. 2 40 3 40 4 41 6 41 7 8 9 2-6 40 10 1-95 1-55 "l-35 1^55 ■1^92 38 11 ......_ 38 12 13 2-5 37 36 36 14 113 i 57 ; 57 1-8 57 59 61 ! 63 1-9 ! 65 63 1-6 41 39 15 106 99 93 105 114 140 166 192 183 174 165 156 144 132 120 106 93 35 16 35 17 IS 2-2 34 34 19 20 2-4 33 30 21 31 22 23 2-9 30 29 24 ""l-5 37 36 34 33 33 33 33 40 1-75 53 1 47 41 35 29 23 1 15 20 28 25 97 26 27 28 29 30 31 2-7 '■■ 2-2' "i-is' ........ 26 25 24 23 22 21 58 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 BOULDER CREEK. Location. — ^Section 28, township 3, range 27, west of 6th meridian, near mouth of creek and near Jones lake. Records Available. — January 1 to October 18, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Stream frozen parts of January, February, and March. Gauge. — A fine wire is stretched tightly across the stream, and the distance down to the surface of the water is measured with a graduated rod. This rod is graduated just like an ordinary staff gauge, so that the actual readings are reversed, i.e., for a higher stage there is a smaller gauge reading. Channel. — Bed of stream covered with rocks, giving an uneven bottom but good control. Discharge Measurements. — Four meter measurements during 1911, 1912, and 1913 show good agreement, and cover all but the highest stages. Accuracy. — The roughness of the bed of the stream will tend to impair the accuracy. Boulder creek flows into Jones creek just below Jones lake in section 33, township 3, range 27, west of the 6th meridian, at an altitude of something like 1,950 feet. It drains a small mountainous watershed with an altitude of from 3,000 to 8,000 feet. The flow of Boulder creek could easily be included in the development of Jones creek for hydro-electric power. An outline of a proposed scheme of development is given under Jones creek. The flow of this creek is being investigated in connection with Jones creek for the Vancouver Power Company, by Messrs. Anderson and Warden, Civil Engineers, Vancouver. The gauge readings supplied bj^ their men are combined with meter measurements made by the engineers of this survey to give the flow of the stream as shown below. Discharge Measurements of Boulder Creek Mouth (Jones lake), 1911, 1912, and 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Feet. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. Feet. 1,057 28 24 0-5 10-8 1,046 30 24 0-5 10-75 1,055 1,055 27 32 52 34 1-6 10 10-1 104 Discharge. 1911. Nov. 3. July 24. Sept. 11. K. H. Smith. 1912. j Sept. 18 IC. G.CIine. 1913. K. G. Chishoim, K.G.C. &F.M.., Sec.-ft. 12-6 S4-6 34-6 Note. — This gauge records the di.stance down from a fixed wire. Hence the reading.s are ies.s for a liigher discharge. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Monthly Discharge of Boulder Creek near Jones lake for 1913. Month. DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Run-off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Total in acre-feet. \pril 130 200 250 220 50 200 340 200 50 12 , 42-2 22 ! 118-0 113 169-3 43 1 117-2 15 ; 28-3 15 1 42-3 16 66-5 25 ! 58-4 15 1 24-6 2,510 7,260 10, 100 Julv 7,200 1,740 2,520 4,090 3,475 1,510 1 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Boulder ("r(>ek near Mouth for 1913. Day. January. February. March. April. .M iy. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1.. Feet. 10-65 10-65 Frozen.. Sec.-ft. 19 19 Feet. 10-75 10-75 10-75 10-75 Frozen.. Sec.-ft. 15 15 15 15 Feet. Frozen.. Sec.-ft. Feet. 10-80 10-85 10-85 10-85 10-85 U,-85 10-85 10-85 10-85 10-75 10-40 10-00 10-15 lu-25 10-25 10-35 10-35 10-20 9-90 10 05 9' 85 10-15 10-25 10-30 10-40 10-25 10-35 10-45 10-45 10-59 Sec.-ft. 13 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 15 37 105 75 57 57 43 43 65 120 95 130 75 57 50 37 58 43 33 33 28 Feef. 10-55 10-55 10-60 10-60 10-60 10-50 10-15 9-75 9-60 9-70 9-75 9-90 9-90 10- 05 9-95 1000 10-10 10-15 9-95 10-00 10-00 9-80 9-50 9-50 9-50 9-50 9 -.50 9-65 9-80 9-80 9-60 Sec.-ft. 25 25 22 22 22 28 75 150 180 160 1.50 120 120 95 113 105 85 75 113 105 105 140 200 200 200 200 200 170 140 140 180 Feet. 9-30 9-25 9-25 9-32 9-80 9-80 9-55 9-70 9-80 9-80 9-80 9-80 9-50 9-60 9-80 9-80 9-95 9-90 9-50 9-40 9-70 9-70 9-70 9-70 9-70 9-70 9-70 9-70 9-70 9-70 Sec.-ft. 240 2 250 3 10-80 10-80 10-70 10-70 10-65 10-60 10-60 10-60 10-65 10-65 10-70 10-70 10-70 10-65 10-50 10-60 Frozen.. 13 13 16 16 19 22 22 22 19 19 16 16 16 19 28 22 250 4 236 5 140 6 140 7 190 8 160 9 140 10 140 11 Frozen.. 10-85 140 12 12 12 13 37 140 130 50 28 25 22 19 140 13 10-85 200 14 10-80 10-40 9-80 9-85 10-30 10-50 10-55 10-60 10-65 Frozen.. 180 15 140 16 140 17. Frozen.. 113 18 120 19 200 20 220 21 160 22 160 23 160 24 160 25 160 26 160 27 160 28 160 29 10-70 10-70 10-70 16 Frozen.. 10-80 10-80 160 30 31 16 16 13 13 160 60 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges Boulder Creek near Mouth for 1913 — Con. July. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . August. Gauge Dis- Height. charge September. October. Xovember. December. Gauge I Dis- Gauge ■ Dis- i Gauge Dis- [ Gauge Dis- Height . I charge . Height . | charge . I Height . charge . Height . charge . Feet. Sec.-ft. 150 120 105 105 140 180 200 140 120 220 130 ISO 160 120 105 95 95 105 140 140 Feet. 9-85 130 9-90 120 9-95 113 10-10 85 10-10 85 10-20 65 10-25 58 10-30 50 10-10 85 lC-30 50 10-35 43 Sec.-ft. 43 43 43 37 32 28 28 50 32 28 Feet. Sec.-ft. j Feet. Sec.-ft. 10-75 15 10-75 15 10-65 19 9-65 170 9-50 200 10 00 105 10-30 50 10-45 32 10-35 43 10-35 43 10-40 37 10-45 32 10-50 28 10-55 25 10-60 22 10-60 22 10-65 19 10-30 50 10-50 28 10-60 22 10-65 19 10-20 65 10-40 37 10-55 25 10-60 22 1j-65 19 10-65 19 10-40 37 10-50 28 10-60 22 19 16 16 16 16 16 19 22 28 25 340 200 220 105 75 50 43 43 65 65 57 50 130 160 75 5j 44 37 28 25 25 Feet. Sec.-ft. I Feet. 10-40 37 10-50 28 10-55 25 10-80 28 10-45 33 10-20 65 10-45 33 10-35 44 10-10 85 10-20 65 10-35 44 10-45 33 10-50 28 10-55 25 10-55 25 9-50 2C0 10-05 95 10-25 57 10-30 50 10-35 44 10-40 37 10-40 37 10-50 28 9-50 200 9-95 112 10-15 75 10-15 75 10-3 50 10-35 44 10-30 50 Sec.-ft. 50 37 33 33 33 28 37 28 2S 28 28 28 BRANDT CREEK AT MOUTH. Location.- — Section 4, township 7, range 7, west of 7th meridian. Records Available. — ^Continuous records since October 19, 1912. Winter Conditions. — Open water all year. Gauge. — -Vertical staff nailed to tree. Mostly daily readings. Channel.—Bed of stream covered with rocks, giving a very rough bed. There is ordinarily good control, but there is a possibility of backwater from the Mesliloet river at very high stages. Discharge Measurements. — One measurement in 1912, and nine in 1913, give good agreement and are well distributed except for high water. Accuracij. — Accurate except for high stages. BRANDT CREEK. Brandt creek rises in the mountains to the east of the ^Mesliloet river, at an elevation of about 3000 feet, and discharges into the Mesliloet river some 6 miles from its mouth at an elevation of 250 feet. It is part of the Burrard Inlet drainage. The annual precipitation in the Brandt creek watershed is probably between 120 and 150 inches. In the winter the snowfall is between 2 and 6 feet. In ^he higher altitudes there are snowfields which remain practicaUy all the year. BRITTSn C0LU2IBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f At the mouth of the creek the water never freezes over. Higher up, near the mouth of Young creek, there is very little ice, so that open water conditions obtain there also, practically all the year. The heavy snowfall seems to protect the stream from freezing without obstructing the flow to any extent. The Westminster Power Company proposes to include Brandt creek and its tributaries, Norton and Young creeks, in its high-head development. Norton lake is to be used as a storage and equalizing reservoir, and water is to be diverted into it from upper Brandt creek and from Young lake, as well as from Belknap creek and possibly even Hixon creek. The main pipeline will run from Norton lake to the power plant situated near the mouth of Brandt creek. Wooden pipe will be laid as far as possible on the hydraulic gradient to a small surge reservoir. From that point steel penstocks will be laid to the power-house. This will give a head of about 2000 feet. Storage dams will be constructed on Young lake, Norton lake and Ann lake. The storage capacity at these three lakes is sufficient to impound prac- tically the whole freshet, and give an equalized flow during the whole year, practically equal to the combined run-off of all the streams. The total amount of water available, while not nearly as great as that of the main Mesliloet river, will yet develop a large amount of power on account of the high head and the good storage facilities. Gauging stations have been established by this survey at the mouth of Brandt creek and on Brandt creek above Young creek, as well as on the tributaries. Young and Norton creeks. It was hoped that the gauge at the mouth of Brandt would give some idea of the flow at the upper stations, but this has not been found practicable. As soon as facilities are provided for taking more regular gauge readings on the upper stations the station at the mouth of Brandt creek wil be abandoned. Discharge Measurements of Brandt Creek Mouth, 1912 and 1913. Date. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1912. Oct. 19 C.G.CIine. May June July Sept. Nov. H.C.Hughes... do do do do do F. MacLachlan. do do do 1,046 Feet. 30 1,673 40 1,673 36 1,673 36 1,673 36 1,673 36 1,673 19 1,673 21 1,521 41-5 1.521 40-5 1.521 40-5 Sq. ft. 24-7 52-6 49-3 44-9 ' 530 42-2 20-2 18-7 ; 26-9 22-9 21-3 Ft. per sec. 1-48 2-32 1-91 1-67 2-18 1-41 0-65 0-47 1-33 MO 113 Feet. 202 Sec. -ft. 3C-6 2-63 122-0 2-45 94-0 2-35 74 -S 2-57 115-5 2-26 59-4 1-62 13-0 1-48 8-S 2-08 136-3 1-91 25-1 1-84 23-8 Note. — 'Different section. 62 Dr^'/RTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Monthly Discharge of Brandt Creek Mouth for 1913. Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-off. ! Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Total in acre-feet. 26 83 53 165 237 237 174 48 174 408 408 246 10 9 12 16 30 65 12 6 6 8 14 18 16-2 24-8 26-0 84-8 124-0 115-0 50-7 10-4 34-1 47-1 105-0 55-0 996 February 1,380 1,600 April 5,050 May 7,620 6,840 July 3,120 640 2,030 408 6,250 3,380 408 6 57-8 41,800 Note. — Accuracy "A" and"C". Monthly Discharge of Brandt Creek Mouth for 1912. Month. DiscH.^RGE IN Second-Feet. Run-off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Total in acre-feet. 318 110 21 18 113 38 6,720 December 2,340 Note. — ^Accuracy "A' BRITISH COLIMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Brandt Creek at Mouth for 1912. October. Xovember. Gauge ', Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge Height, charge December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 1 1-9 2 2-1 3 2-45 4 2-25 5 . . . 2-8 6 2-65 2-6 8 9 2-15 10 2-2 11 2-6 12 13 14 2-6 15 16 17 2-75 18 3-7 19 2-02 1-9 37 26 42 58 74 90 106 122 138 111 85 59 33 3-6 20 21 3-2 22 23 2-55 24 2-55 2-25 26 1.-05 27 2-7 1-95 28 1-85 29 . 1-8 31 20 Sec.-ft . 26 42 92 60 156 129 120 84 48 53 120 120 120 120 129 138 147 318 300 284 228 169 IK 110 60 37 30 23 Feet. 1-8 ■■■2.4' 1-85 1-85 "■i;75 1-75 1-9 1-9 2-25 2-25 " 2-4' 2-2 21 2-0 2-55 2-05 1-95 1-9 1-85 1-85 1-85 1-8 21 1-9 1-9 1-95 21 Sec.-ft. 21 52 83 23 23 20 18 18 26 26 60 fiO 71 S3 53 42 33 110 37 30 26 28 23 23 22 21 42 26 26 30 42 64 DEPARTMENT OF THE lyTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Brandt Creek near Mouth for 1913. T>.\Y. January. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . I Feet. 1-8 1-8 1-8 Sec.-ft. 21 21 21 19 16 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 12 11 11 10 10 10 10 12 14 16 18 21 24 26 23 20^ 18 16 Feet. ■i;65' •lie 1-6 1-6 1-6 ■■l-55 1-55 1-5 1-5 Sec.-ft. 15 U 13 12 12 12 12 12 11 lu 10 9 9 24 39 54 74 83 53 41 30 26 24 23 21 18 16 16 Feet. 1-65 1-75 1-95 215 2-2 -•0 2-0 'l-S " 1-S 2-1 1-9 1-85 1-75 1-6 1-6 "2:6 " Sec.-ft. 14 15 16 18 30 36 42 48 53 33 33 33 27 21 21 28 35 42 26 25 24 18 15 12 12 12 12 22 33 27 21 Feet. 1-75 1-7 1-85 20 2-2 1-95 1-9 1-9 2-2 2-4 2-8 2-8 ',"2-15' 2-3 -2-3 2-6 2-85 2-6 2-8 2-4 2-2 2-7 2-7 ■ 2-5" '2-0 Sec.-ft. 18 16 23 33 53 30 26 26 53 83 156 156 124 92 67 67 120 165 120 156 183 53 138 138 138 120 101 77 33 Feet. 2-0 20 ' 1-95' 21 2-5 ^•75 ■■'2-9 2-6 ■2^85' 2-5' 2-0 2-6 2-6 _ 55 2-7 2-9 2-85 Sec.-ft. 33 33 32 31 30 42 ini 147 178 21u 192 174 1:0 141 165 1.33 101 101 120 120 110 138 174 165 128 92 237 178 120 135 150 Feet. 2-85 2-65 2-5 ■■■2-6 ■'■2:45' 2-5 2-5 2-6 2-5 1-4 2-65 L-6 2-35 2-7 2-7 3-25 2-55 2-45 ■2^55' 2-55 2-55 2-57 2-3 Sec.-ft. 165 2 4 165 165 129 5 1-7 101 6 110 7 120 8 1C6 9 92 10 101 11 101 12 13 14... . 120 liil 83 15 16 •■Yr 2-2 1-95 1-9 1-75 1-7 1-7 106 129 17 1-55 120 18 19 1-55 138 20 138 21 237 22 23 1-7 110 92 24 101 25 110 26 27 1-9 2-45 3-25 ■'2-6 ' 110 110 28 29 1-8 i-75 1-7 115 67 30 65 31 BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SLRVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 65 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Brandt Creek at jNIouth for 1913. — Concluded.. Day. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge I Gauge 'Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- I Gauge charge. 'Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- i Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec -ft. i Feet. Sec. -ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. i Feet. Sec-it. 1 ' 63 2 61 3 2-25 60 4 2-3 67 5 1 2-35 75 6 2-9 174 7 , 2-4 83 8 i 2-35 7.5 9 ' 2-2 53 10 i 2-4 83 11 : 215 46 12 2-25 60 13 1 2-05 37 14 1 2-0 33 15 ! 2-0 33 16 ! 20 ; 33 17 2-15 48 18 , 2-3 67 19 2-3 67 20 1 60 21 53 22 1 45 23 i 2-05 i 37 24 1 2-0 I 33 25 ; 1-95 30 26 1-85 24 27 1 1-75 IS 28 1-7 ' 16 29 ' 1-62 i 13 30 ' 13 31 1-6 12 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-45 1-4 1-7 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-6 2-15 1-8 1-7 1-5 1-45 1-45 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-35 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 6 1-35 6 62 1-5 118 1-5 2-9 174 1-45 2-4 83 1-45 2-2 53 2-5 101 1-5 1-3 57 2-5 21 42 2-1 21 42 3-0 1-9 26 4-2 1-7 16 30 1-65 14 2-45 1-6 12 2-4 1-6 12 2.17 1-55 10 2-05 1-55 10 2-0 1-5 9 2-0 1-5 9 10 1-9 1-6 12 1-72 1-5 9 1-9 1-48 9 1-9 1-4 7 1-75 1-4 7 1-65 1-5 9 1-62 2-2 53 1-6 1-8 21 1-6 1-65 14 1-53 192 408 192 92 S3 50 37 33 33 26 22 17 26 26 IS 14 13 12 12 10 20 1-95 30 1-75 18 1-65 14 2-9 174 2-4 83 2-45 82 2-t8 86 2-45 92 80 2-3 67 21 1-9 1-85 1-75 2-3 30 192 2-35 75 2-05 37 2-13 46 21 42 1-9 26 1-9 26 2-2 53 4-2 40S 4-1 390 3-5 282 31 210 3 05 200 3-2 228 2-4 83 i 25 60 1 42 05 37 (!5 37 05 37 05 37 25 60 05 37 0 33 9 26 246 1.38 83 67 53 33 26 21 21 21 18 18 IS 67 37 33 18 92 BRANDT CREEK ABOVE YOUNG CREEK. Location. — Section 10, townshi}) 7, range 7, west of 7th meridian. Records Available. — Continuous records since June 1, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Heavy snowfall but very little ice on the stream. Open water conditions all year. Gauge. — ^Vertical staff gauge spiked to tree trunk, (lauge readings once or twice a week. Channel. — Bed of stream very steep, with rocks and boulders, ^^'ater swift at higher stages. Discharge Measurements. — Six measurements taken during 1913 show good agreement and are well distributed except during high water. Accuracy. — ^Infrequency of gauge readings rather impairs accuracy obtained from a good set of meter measurements. 25f— 6 66 DEPARIMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Brandt Creek River above Young Forks, 1913. Date. 1 Hydrographer Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. 1 Discharge. 1913. June 3 ... 10 ! .. H.C. Hughes do 1,673 1,673 1,673 1,673 1,673 1,673 Feet. 11 11 11 10 10 9 Sq. ft. 21-5 16-5 18-0 12-9 8-4 8-2 Ft. per sec. 3-32 2-24 3-10 1-62 0-56 (.•28 Feet. 1-70 1-50 1-60 1-30 0-70 0-51 Sec.-ft. 1 73-5 ! .37-0 18 do 1 .')4-2 July 7... . . 1 do 21-0 30 do ! '4-69 Sept. 23... F. MacLachlan i 2-38 Note. — 'Gauge washed out .January, 1913. Monthly Discharge of Brandt Creek above Young Creek for 1913. Month. DlSCH.^ROE IN SeCOND-FeET Maximum. M nimum. 76-0 22-0 54-0 7-0 5-5 1-4 6-2 2-6 220-0 1-5 22-0 3-0 4-1 2-1 Mean. Run-off. Total in acre-feet . June July August September October. . . November December, 40-9 25-5 2-58 CO. 9 19-3 7-1 3-0 2,440 1,570 160 230 1,190 422 185 Note. — Accuracy "A" and "C BRITISH COLIMBIA HYDROdh'AI'H IC SI RVEY 67 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Brandt Creek above Young Creek for 1913. Day. - Juno. Gauge Height. Dis- charge , 1 Feet. Set-. ft. 7f. 9 76 3 1-7 7fi 4 6f. 5fi 6 4.1 1-45 .34 8 35 9 3r> 10 .■^s II 1-5 39 12 33 13 97 14 1-3 ?.?. 15 30 1-4 i-35' 25F-6i 68 DEI ARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Brandt Creek above Young Creek for 1913— Cow. July. August. September. October. November. December. D.\Y. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 41 45 49 54 44 33 22 25 28 31 35 39 31 23 16 18 19 21 22 22 22 22 22 20 18 16 14 13 11 5 7 Feet. '"6-55' "o-so' " '6-45' 0-50 ■■■0-75' "'6-45' 0-4 0-4 "0-37' Sec.-ft. 50 Feet. ■■■o-s' 0-75 "'o-ss' ■'6-5i' " 0-65' Sec.-ft. 2-6 3-4 4-2 50 5-5 5-9 6-2 60 5-9 5-7 5-5 4-6 3-8 3-0 30 3-0 2-9 2-9 2-8 2-8 2-7 2-7 2-6 2-8 30 3-2 3-4 3-6 3-8 41 Feet. 0-53 '"6-55' ""2-3 1-45 0-7 "o-ei '" '6-38" Sec.-ft. 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-9 2-9 2-9 30 30 30 75 0 147-0 220-0 34-0 24-2 14-5 4-8 4-7 4-6 4-5 4-4 4-2 4-0 3-9 3-7 31 2-7 2-4 2-1 1-8 Feet. "6-55 Sec.-ft. 5-1 7-4 - 9-7 12-0 14-3 16-6 19-0 22-0 18-0 14-0 10-0 6-0 3-0 3-0 3-0 30 3-0 3-0 30 30 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 Feet. "6-65' ' 0-5 Sec.-ft. 4 0 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5 4 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 0 0 5 5 4 3 2 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 2 1 0 I 7 7 6 5 4 n 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 3 n 4 1-6 0 5 1 6 0 7 1-3 q 8 8 9 7 10 6 11 5 12 1-5 4 13 4 14 15 1-2 1 16 n 17 8 18 7 19 20 1-3 5 21 4 22 4 23 24 1-3 4 25 ■^ 26 1-2 3 27 ? 28 0 29 9 30 31 7-0 1-5 3-8 0-45 1 1 CHEHALIS RIVER. Chehalis river has its source in Chehalis lake at an elevation of 700 feet, and discharges into Harrison river near Harrison Mills at an elevation of between 30 and 40 feet. It is part of the Harrison-Fraser drainage; the drainage area, as measured from the Railway Belt map (dated January 1, 1911, scale 7.89 miles per inch) is 200 miles. The annual precipitation is about 80 to 90 inches; there is very heavj- snow in winter in all except the lowest parts of the water shed, and the winter conditions are fairly severe. At the mouth, however, the stream is open all the year round. The Chehalis river, from its source in a rough mountainous country, flows through a wide valley, containing very fine timber, to Chehalis lake. Stadia creek, after tumbling over a 200-foot bluff, enters from the west in this valley. Chehalis lake is a deep mountain lake about 7 miles long, with rocky cliffs rising from the water's edge. It is an excellent storage site for power purposes. The lake is well stocked with fish. At the lower end of the lake there is a large log jam at the mouth of the canyon. A dam could be constructed at any one of a number of good places in this canyon. Five miles below the lake the west fork (Statlu creek) flows into the main river. This creek has no lake on it, and it is much more flashy than the main river. For the last mile or so of its course the Chehalis flows through a delta, and splits up into a number of sections, with frequent changes of the channel. The deposits from the Chehalis are gradually filling up Harrison bay, and at BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPEIC SURVEY 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f low water in the Harrison river very extensive flats are exposed. The flow from Harrison lake through the Harrison river is controlled largely by the bar which the Chehalis has formed across the Harrison. The Harrison river rises and falls with the Fraser river. During the low water this bar on the Harrison at the mouth of the Chehalis is a great hindrance to navigation and logging on the Harrison river, which is the connecting link between the 30 miles of navi- gation on Harrison lake and the Fraser river tidewater. To reach tha Chehalis river it is necessary to go by water either from Harrison Mills or Harrison Hot Springs; there is no road yet, though survey's have been made for one. From the mouth of the river there is an old logging road for 5 miles to an abandoned logging camp at Boulder creek. This road has been repaired sufficienth' for use as a pack trail for horses, and the pack trail has recently been extended to Chehalis lake. The Chehalis valley was surveyed by A. W. Johnston in 1903 while locating the north limit of the Railway Belt, but with the exception of two ranches on the delta on Harrison bay, none of the country has been settled. It is visited occasionally by timber cruisers and Indians from the reserve at the mouth. There is a fall of 650 feet between Chehalis lake and the mouth, a distance of 11 miles. There is an excellent storage reservoir in Chehalis lake. The river station was established November 4, 1911, by C. G. Cline. It is located a mile and a half from the mouth opposite the foot of the first hill on the trail up the river. A chain gauge, supported from a pole fastened to two trees, is located on the right bank; its datum is referred to three bench-marks. Measurements are made by wading, except at high water, when cable measure- ments are made from a canoe, one quarter of a mile below the gauge. The meas- uring section is fair; the control is good, the banks high on one side, current uniform, and one channel at low water. At high water, however, the river overflows its left bank and forms two channels. The bed of the stream is liable to cut and shift, expecially during the freshet. The power possibilities of Chehalis river are being investigated by the Vancouver Power Company. The Canadian Pacific Railway at one time made application for power privileges on the river. CHEHALIS RIVER. Location.- — ^One and a half miles from mouth in section 14, township 4, range 30, west of 6th meridian. Records Available. — November and December, 1911; ]\Iarch 8 to l^ecember 31, 1912; January 1 to December 31, 1913. Winter Conditions. — ^Open water at gauging station all year. Gauge. — Chain gauge suspended over river by pole spiked to two trees on the bank. Channel.- — -Rocky bed, permanent channel, water swift at higher stages. Discharge Measurements.- — ^Two in 1911, five in 1912, and two in 1913 agree fairly well, and cover all but the highest and lowest stages. Accuracy.- — Fair. 70 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Chehalis River 13^2 miles from mouth, 1911, 1912, 1913. Hydrographer. Meter I Area of Mean I Gauge No. Width. Section. I Velocity. Height. Discharge. Nov. 3 I C. G.Cline... Dec. 14 I H. M Smith. 1912. Mar. 8. July 15. Sept. 11. Noy. 23. Dec. 4. 1913. May 21. Sept. 8. C. G. Cline. do do do do do do Feet. 1,053 1,057 1,046 1,046 1,046 1,048 1,048 1,044 1,055 73 105 110 123 105 140 130 145 145 Sq. ft. 127 273 162 221 248 600 343 460 395 Ft. per sec. 1-05 3-74 1-82 2-42 2-40 4-85 3-56 3-90 3-95 Feet. 0-85 3-80 2-70 3-07 2-90 4-95 3-92 4-40 4-40 Sec.-ft. 133' 1,0212 295' 5353 594^ 2,910= 1,220' 1,8103 1,5603 Note. — • Old staff gauge. '■ New staff gauge. = Chain gauge. Monthly Discharge of Chehalis River l^^^ miles from mouth for 1913 [Drainage area, 200 square miles.] Month January February March April May June July August September October November December The year period. 15. COO 1.061,700 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGR.IPHIC SLRVEY 71 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Chehalis River ll-> miles from Mouth for 1913. Day. January. February. March. April. -May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 8-6 3-6 3-5 3-35 3-3 3-2 3-15 31 3-0 2-9 2-85 2-75 2-7 2-7 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-7 2-8 2-7 3-3 4-0 3-7 3-5 3-4 3-4 3-3 3-2 Sec.-ft. 900 900 820 710 670 600 570 540 480 420 390 .340 310 310 270 270 270 270 270 310 310 360 310 670 1,230 980 820 750 750 670 600 Feet. 3-2 3-25 31 3-J 30 2-9 3-0 3-0 2-9 2-8 2-8 2-75 2-8 2-9 3-9 7-0 5-5 4-9 4-5 4-2 3-9 3-7 3-5 3-45 3-4 3-35 3-3 3-3 Sec.-ft. 600 630 .540 480 480 420 480 480 420 360 360 340 360 420 1,140 12,500 5,300 2,750 1,820 1,430 1,140 980 820 780 750 710 670 670 Feet. 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-8 3-8 3-6 3-5 3-6 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-7 3-7 3-8 5-(, 4-7 4-5 4-3 3-95 3-65 3-4 3-15 3-3 3-2 3-5 3-7 4-2 4-2 3-9 Sec.-ft. 7.50 750 750 820 900 1,06C 1,060 900 820 900 820 900 980 980 980 1,060 3,100 2,200 1,829 1..550 1,180 940 7.50 580 670 600 820 980 1,430 1,430 1,140 Feet. 3-7 3-6 3-4 3-35 3-4 3-4 3-45 3-5 3-5 3-8 4-2 4-3 4-45 4-3 4-2 41 4-2 4-3 4-6 4-65 5-1 4-9 4-75 4-4 4-3 4-45 4-4 4-3 4-2 4-15 Sec.-ft. 980 900 750 710 750 750 790 810 820 1,060 1,430 1,550 1,750 1.550 1.430 1.320 1,4.30 1,550 2,000 2,100 3,450 2,750 2,320 1,670 1,.550 1.7.50 1,670 1,5.50 1,4.30 1,380 Feet. 4-25 215 4-1 405 4 05 3 -85 4-35 4-55 4-95 4-85 4-95 5-25 5-35 5-45 5-55 5-25 5 05 4-65 4-55 4-45 4-4 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-6 49 5-3 4-9 4-6 4-5 4-6 Sec.-ft. 1,490 1,380 1,.320 1.270 1,270 1,100 1,61') 1,910 2.920 2,600 2,920 4,100 4,600 5,100 5,. 5.50 4, 100 3,280 2, 100 1.910 1 , 750 1,670 1,430 1,550 1,670 2.000 2,7.50 4.350 2,7.50 2,00:) 1,820 2,000 Feet. 4-7 4-7 4-6 4-55 4-5 4-4 4-4 4-5 4-4 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-35 4-3 4-4 4-4 4-3 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-4 4-5 4-4 4-3 4-3 4-25 4-2 4-3 4-25 4-25 Sec.-ft. 2,200 9 2,200 3 2,000 4 5 1,910 1,820 6 1 , 670 7 8 9 10 11 12 1,670 1,820 1,670 1 , 5.50 1 , 670 1,820 13 1,610 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1,550 1.670 1.6;0 1 . 550 1,550 1.670 1.820 1.670 22 23 24 ■'5 1,820 1,670 1,5.50 1 , 550 26 27 1.490 1.430 28 29 1 . 550 1 , 490 .30 . . 1,490 31 1 ' 72 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Chehalis River 1}4, miles from mouth for 1913— Con. Day. July. Aug ust. September. 1 October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge 1 Dis- Height.l charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 4-0 3-9 4-0 4-0 4-2 4-0 4-0 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-2 4-1 3-8 3-8 3-6 3-5 3-4 3-35 3-3 3-25 31 30 2-95 3-2 3-3 3-2 3-2 3-1 31 3-0 3-1 Sec.-ft. 1,230 1,140 1,230 1,230 1,430 1,230 1,230 1,320 1,430 1,5.50 1,430 1,320 1,060 1,060 900 820 750 710 670 630 540 480 450 600 670 600 600 540 540 480 540 Feet. 3-0 2-9 2-85 2-85 2-9 30 30 2-9 2-8 2-9 2-8 3-2 3-1 31 3-0 2-9 3-2 3-4 3-2 3-1 3-1 3-0 2-9 2-85 2-8 2-75 2-9 2-65 2-6 2-55 2-5 Sec.-ft. 480 420 390 390 420 480 480 420 360 420 360 600 540 540 480 420 600 750 600 540 540 480 420 390 360 340 420 290 270 250 230 Feet. 2-6 2-7 4-7 5-4 5-0 4-6 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-2 4-0 3-9 3-7 3-55 3-4 3-3 3-15 3-0 2-9 2-8 2-8 2-7 2-6 2-6 2-55 2-6 2-6 3-4 3-3 3-2 Sec.-ft. 270 310 2,200 4,850 3,100 2,000 1,430 1,550 1,670 1,430 1,230 1,140 980 860 750 670 570 480 420 360 360 310 270 270 250 270 270 750 670 60G Feet. 2-7 2-7 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-7 3-8 3-9 4-2 5-0 5-2 5-6 6-0 5-7 5-3 5-0 4-6 4-7 4-6 3-8 3-7 3-7 3-65 3-5 3-4 3-3 3-3 3-2 3-1 3-05 3-0 Sec.-ft. 31C 310 270 270 270 310 1,060 1,140 1,430 3,100 3,850 5,800 7,700 6,250 4,350 3,100 2,000 2,200 2,000 1,060 980 980 940 820 750 670 670 600 540 510 480 Feet. 2-9 30 3-1 4-3 4-0 4-1 4-2 4-9 4-9 5-2 4-6 4-3 4-1 4-2 4-55 7-2 5-1 4-9 4-9 4-8 45 4-2 4-2 7-5 61 5-6 5-4 5-3 5-1 5-0 Sec.-ft. 420 480 540 1,550 1,230 1,320 1,430 2,7.50 2,750 3,850 2,000 1,550 1,320 1,430 1,910 13,500 3,450 2,750 2,750 2,450 1,820 1,430 1,430 15,000 8,200 5,800 4,850 4,350 3,450 3,100 Feet. 4-8 4-6 4-45 4-3 1 4-2 41 4-5 4-3 4-1 40 3-85 3-7 3-6 3-9 5-3 50 4-8 4-6 4-3 4-1 40 3-9 3-8 3-7 3-6 3-5 3-5 4-8 4-65 4-5 4-2 Sec.-ft. 2,450 2 2,000 3 1,75C 4 1,550 5 1.430 6 1,320 7 1,820 8 1,550 9 1,320 10 1,2.30 11 1,100 12 980 13 900 14 1,140 15 4,350 16 3,100 17 2,450 18 2,000 19. 1,550 20 1,320 21 1,230 22 1,140 23 1,060 24 980 35 900 26 820 27 820 28 2,450 29 2,100 30 31 1,820 . 1,430 CHILLIWACK RIVER. Location.- — ^Five miles above Sumas lake in section 1, township 23, cast of Coast meridian. Records Available. — Continuous since 1911. Winter Conditions.- — Open water at gauging station all year. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge on rock-filled crib, Gauge readings daily. Channel. — Rocky bottom, water deep, swift at higher stages, good control. Discharge Measurements.- — Eight measurements during 1911, 1912, and 1913 show good agreement and are fairly will distributed. Accuracy. — Results are quite accurate. CHILLIWACK RIVER. The Chilliwack river has its source in Chilliwack lake at an elevation of 2,080 feet. It passes through the Vedder river channel and empties into Sumas lake, which is less than 100 feet above sea-level. The drainage area is about 450 square miles, about one-quarter of which lies in the state of Washington The district is very humid, the precipitation being from 40 inches to 70 inches per annum. The water is at present unused, but there are power possibilities on the stream. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 73 (_'lii!li\\ ak i;i\,l.v0 150,100 95,600 1,963,000 XoTE. — Accuracy "A". Daily Guage Heights and Discharges for 1913. of Chilliwack River near ]\Iouth January Februarv. March. April. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge • Dis- Gauge charge. Height.! charge. Height. Dis- Gauge charge. I Height. Dis- charge . Mav. June. Gauge Dis- (Jauge ■ Dis- Height. charge. Height. 1 charge. Feet. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 6 6 6 65 65 6 6 0 4 3 3 Sec.-ft. 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,2.W 1,360 1,360 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1.2.50 1,160 1.160 1,160 1,200 1,200 1,163 1,160 1,080 1,020 960 960 Feet. Sec.-ft. I Feet. 960 960 960 960 930 930 900 900 840 840 840 840 815 815 1,760 7,340 10,100 4,400 2,923 2,7.50 2,240 1,760 1,620 1,.5.0 1,500 1.2.50 1.080 1,080 Sec.-ft. Feet. 5 I 1,02C 1,020 1,020 1,020 1,020 1,C80 1.080 l.OSO 1.080 1,080 1.080 1.080 1,080 1.080 1,080 1,080 1,120 1,160 1.160 1,080 1,080 1,080 1,080 1,083 1,020 1.02J 1,020 1.020 1.020 1,020 Sec.-ft. 990 990 960 960 960 960 960 960 960 990 1,250 2.070 1,990 1,910 2.070 1.910 1,620 2.070 2.41L 2.9i0 3,260 3,09(, 2,920 3.090 2,580 2,750 2.413 2,325 2,240 2,070 Feet. Sec. -ft. Feet. 2-0 1-95 2-0 1-9 2-0 2-2 2-9 3-0 3-5 3-4 3-3 3-4 3-2 3-0 3-1 3-2 3-4 3-8 4-22 4-3 4-4 4-8 4-5 4-7 1,910 1,620 1 , 565 1,620 1,500 1,620 1.910 3.090 4,200 4,600 3.800 4.000 4,200 4,000 3,800 4,000 3,620 3,260 3,440 3,620 4,000 4,840 5.920 6.2.53 6,603 8,100 8,900 8,500 7,720 6,970 7,720 Sec.-ft. 5-0 8,900 5-85 12,200 5-8 12,000 5-7 11,600 5-2 9,700 4-85 8,300 4-95 8,700 5-2 9,700 5-0 8,900 4-6 7,340 4-4 6.600 4-5 6,970 5-4 10,500 5-0 8,900 4-5 6,970 4-4 6,600 4-3 6,2.50 4-2 5,920 4-6 7,340 5-2 9.700 4-8 8,100 1 4-6 7.. 340 4-55 7.150 4-5 6,970 4-55 6,8(K) 4-4 0,000 4-5 6.970 4-45 6.800 ' 4-4 6,600 4-5 6,970 76 DEPARTME'NT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Chilliwack River near Mouth for 1913^ — Concluded. Day. July. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 4-6 4-4 4-2 3-9 4-0 4-4 4-8 4-6 4-4 4-5 4-7 4-5 4-1 3-8 3-6 3-5 3-4 3-6 41 4-3 4-6 4-5 4-4 4-2 40 3-9 3-7 3-5 3-4 3-3 3-2 Sec.-ft. 7.340 6,600 5,920 5,100 5,360 6,601 8,100 7,340 6,6 , 6,970 7,720 6,970 5,620 4,840 4,400 4,200 4,000 4,400 5,620 6,250 7,340 6,970 6,600 5,920 5,360 5,100 4,600 4,200 4,000 3,800 3,620 Feet. 3-1 3-1 3-0 3-1 3-0 -■9 3-0 2-9 2-8 2-7 2-8 2-7 2-6 2-7 2-5 2-2 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-1 1-9 1-8 1-7 1-9 2-0 1-9 1-8 2-0 1-9 2-0 1-9 Sec.-ft. 3,440 3,440 3,260 3,440 3,260 3,990 3,260 3,^90 2,920 2,750 2,920 2,750 2,580 2,750 2,410 1,910 2,070 2,070 1,910 1,760 1,500 1,360 1,250 1,500 1,620 1,500 1,360 1,620 1,500 1,620 1,500 Feet. 1-8 1-7 2-0 4-9 4-7 4-0 3-8 3-4 3-1 2-8 2-7 2-6 2-5 2-4 2-3 2-2 2-4 2-7 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-1 2-1 20 1-9 1-8 21 1-9 1-8 Sec.-ft. 1,360 1,250 1,620 8,500 7,720 5,360 4,840 4,000 3,440 2,920 2,750 2,580 2,410 2,240 2,070 1,910 2,240 2,750 1,760 1,760 1,910 1,910 1,760 1,760 1,620 1,500 1,360 1,760 1,500 1,360 Feet. 1-7 1-7 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-4 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-5 5-4 4-4 4-9 3-9 3-5 3-2 30 2-8 2-7 2-6 2-7 2-6 2-7 30 2-7 2-5 2-4 2-3 2-2 2-1 2-1 Sec.-ft. 1,250 1,250 1,160 1,080 1,020 1,020 960 960 1,020 1,080 10,500 6,600 8,500 5,100 4,200 3,620 3,260 2,920 2,750 2,580 2,750 2,580 2,750 2,070 2,750 2,410 2,240 2,070 1,910 1,760 1,760 Feet. 2-2 2-0 1-9 2-0 2-2 2-1 2-J 2-1 2-4 2-3 2-2 2-1 2-0 1-9 1-9 3-7 3-2 3-8 2-7 2-5 2-4 2-3 2-2 4-0 3-7 3-3 3-3 30 3-0 2-9 Sec.-ft. 1,910 1,620 1,500 1,620 1,910 1,760 1 62 1,760 2,240 2,070 1,910 1,760 1,620 1,500 1,500 4,600 3,620 2,920 2,750 2,410 2,240 2,070 1,910 5,360 4,600 3,800 3,800 3-260 3,260 3,090 Feet. 2-7 2-6 2-5 2-4 2-3 2-2 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-2 2-1 2-0 1-9 2-0 21 !:| 11 ' 1-6 1-5 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-5 1-4 1-4 1-5 1-4 1-3 1-3 Sec.-ft. 2,750 2 2,580 3 2,410 4 2,240 5 ;,07J 6 1,91d 7 2,070 8 2,070 9 1,910 10 1,910 11 1.760 12 1.620 13 1,500 14 1,623 15 1,760 16 1,360 17 1,500 18 1,380 19 1,250 20 1,160 21 1,080 1,160 23 1,080 1,020 25 1,080 26 27 1,020 1,020 28 1,080 1,020 30 31 960 960 COQUIHALLA RIVER. Location. — Near mouth of river and town of Hope, in section 10, town.ship 5, range 26, west of 6th meridian. Records Available. — Continuous records since November 16, 1911. Winter Conditions. — ^Open water at gauging station all year. Gauge.- — Chain gauge on highway bridge; gauge readings two or three times a week. Some trouble with gauge chain stretching. Channel. — Bottom rocky and streams rather shallow. Water swift at the higher stages. Discharge Measurements. — Eleven meter measurements during 1912 and 1913 show some discrepancies, and do not cover highest stages. Accuracy. — Records only moderately accurate on account of infrequency of gauge readings and a number of changes in the length of the chain. COQUIHALLA RIVER. Coquihalla river has its source in the pass betwen the Coquihalla and Coldwater rivers, at an elevation of 3,000 feet, and discharges into the Fraser river near Hope at an elevation of 120 feet. It is part of the Fraser drainage; the drainage area, as measured from a Dominion sectional map, scale 3 miles to an inch, is 360 square miles. The annual precipitation varies from 50 inches BRITISH COLUMBIA EYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f at the mouth to about 80 inches at the headwaters. At Hope the winters are quite mild, and the stream does not freeze over. In the higher altitudes the winters are much more severe. The following tributaries enter from the left going upstream; the Kawkaw, Ladner, and Boston Bar creeks; Nicolum creek and Pierra river enter from the right. Just above the mouth of the Nicolum, and about 6 miles from the Fraser is the site of a proposed power development, about 13^ acres in extent. The river flows through a gorge with preciptous rocky walls from 30 to 70 feet in width, and about 150 feet in height. By constructing a dam at the head of the gorge, and a tunnel through the mountains for about 1,000 feet to the power site, from 100 to 125 feet head could be obtained. Storage facilities, however, are undefined, as yet and may be limited by the railroacl construction in the valle}'. A few hundred feet below the mouth of the Nicolum, there is another small canyon and falls; l)ut to use this section of the river in conjunction with the other would be very expensive. The river station on the Coquihalla was established April 10, 1912, by C. G. Cline. It is located at the upper highway bridge, a mile from the mouth. A chain gauge 24 feet long is attached to the middle of the bridge on the downstream side, and its datum is referred to three bench-marks. Cable measurements are made from the down stream side of the bridge. The control is good, the banks are high, the current fairly uniform, and the stream has a permanent rocky channel. In the freshet season the water might flow in two channels, but entirelv under the bridge. Discharge [Measurements of Coquihalla River near Alouth 1911, 1912 and 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Sectioti. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911. Xov. 16 C. G. Cline Feet. 1 Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. Feet. 115 2 05 1-25 3-30 1-90 1-05 1-65 2-25 2-45 3-50 3-65 2-60 2-70 3-47 Sec. -ft. '333 Dec. 12 K. H. Smith '1,220 1912. Feb. 29 C. G. Cline '422 June 8 29 New Gauge establi-shed April Cline, Carbould C. G. Cline 10. 1912. 1,046 1,046 1,046 1,048 1,048 1,048 1,044 1,044 1,055 1,0.55 1,057 149 122 110 120 120 120 1.50 1.54 122 119 129 .597 275 171 276 350 386 .576 540 . 378 383 524 4-8 3-2 2-0 2-8 3-5 3-9 5-7 5-8 3-7 3-7 60 22,880 890 vSept. 13 do 334 Nov. 15 do 762 18 do 1,210 20 do ... 1,510 1913. Mav 12 June 21 July 21 .Sept. 9 C. G.C. & K. G.C C. G.C.& K. G.C K. G. Chisholm K. G. C. & F.'MacL 3,140 3,040 1,410 1,440 Oct. 13 H. J.E. Keys 3,160 Note.—' Old gauge. 2 New gauge. 78 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Monthly Discharge of Coquihalla River near Mouth for 1913. (Drainage area, 360 square miles.) Month. DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Maximum. , Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet . Januarj- February . . March April May June July August September October . . . November December. The jear. . 1,580 2,400 560 2,310 6,070 7,040 2,480 970 3,110 5,690 2,310 1,240 7,040 320 250 270 230 890 2,480 850 330 320 320 770 470 557 .592 391 1,195 3,330 3,961 1,705 580 1,000 1,665 1,243 719 1-55 1-64 1-08 3-32 9-25 11-00 4-74 1-63 2-78 4-62 3-45 2-00 230 1,412 3-92 1-79 1-71 1-25 3-70 10-66 12-27 5-46 1-88 3-10 5-33 3-85 2-31 53-31 34,200 32,900 24,000 70,800 20,500 203,500 It, 500 35,700 59,509 102,000 73,800 44,200 Note. — Accuracy "A", "B" and "C". Daily Guage Heights and Discharges of Coquihalla Eiver near Mouth for 1913. D.\Y. January. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. February. Dis- charge. March. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . April. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. May. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. June. Gauge j Dis- Height. charge. Feet. 1 1-1 2 3 4 1-1 5 6 1-0 7 8 1-2 9 1-05 10 11 1-05 12 13 14 1-5 15 16 1-65 17 18 1-8 19 20 21 2-6 22 23 1-55 24 1-15 25 1-15 26 27 1-15 28 29 1-2 30 1-2 31 Sec.-ft. 370 370 370 370 350 320 370 420 350 350 350 430 510 590 640 750 810 1,060 1,280 1,580 1,100 630 4C0 400 4o0 400 410 420 420 370 Feet. 10 1-0 M 1-3 0-9 0-85 l-75i 3-15 1-95 1-55 " 1-15 Sec.-ft. 320 320 320 300 280 270 320 370 400 440 470 270 250 510 770 1,580 2,400 1,660 930 780 630 560 480 400 400 4C0 400 360 Feet. 10 1-6' 1-0 1-4 1-45 1-3 1-3 l-l' 1-4 1-4 1-1 1-1 1-0 10 0-95 0-9 0-95 Sec.-ft. 320 320 320 320 320 350 440 530 550 560 470 470 470 420 370 450 530 530 480 430 370 370 340 320 320 320 300 270 280 290 300 Feet. 0-8 0-75 0-8 1-3 2-4 2-45 2-45 31 3-1 2-6 2-7 2-4 2-2 Sec.-ft. 270 240 240 230 230 240 240 310 393 470 910 1.340 1,370 1,400 1,400 . 1,600 . 1.800 1,980 . 2,180 2,310 . 2,310 . 2.310 . 2,010 1,700 1,340 1,580 1 1.710 . 1,340 . 1.240 !. 1.150 I Feef. 1-95 2-9 '4-0 3-4 3-1 3-3 4-75 4-85 4-85 51 4-55 Sec.-ft. 1,050 970 890 900 910 930 1,430 2,000 3,000 3,960 3,590 2,840 2,730 2,620 2,480 2,310 2,440 2,660 3,360 4,060 4,760 5,410 5,600 5.600 6,070 5,820 5.570 5.320 5,030 5,700 Feet. Sec.-ft. 6,370 7,040 6,840 5.640 4,450 5-6 5-5 4-25 4-3 4-1 4-3 4-1 3-35 4-3 3-7 3-3 3-5 4,500 4.550 4,350 4,160 4.550 4,350 4,160 3,690 3,220 2,750 3,110 3,470 3,830 4.190 4.550 3.390 3.210 3.030 2.840 3.660 2,780 2,900 3,020 2,750 2,480 BRITISH con Mill A HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 79 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Coquihalla River near ^louth for 1913 — Concluded. D.\T. Ju y. -Vugust. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Feet. 3-2 ■'3-2 " '3-2 2-9 2-75 ■•■■2:9 Sec.-ft. 2,480 2,480 2,480 2,480 2,480 2,480 2,480 2,000 1,780 1,850 1,920 2,000 1,820 1,640 1,460 1,550 1,650 1,750 1,850 1,780 1,580 1,510 1,370 1,240 1,100 970 1,000 1,020 960 900 850 Feet. " 1-55 1-75 1-55 1-4 1-5 1-4 1-75 1-3 2-0 1-5 'l-3 1-3 1-2 1:1 Sec.-ft. 790 730 700 680 660 640 620 770 620 570 530 590 530 770 620 470 979 850 720 590 550 510 470 470 420 400 370 360 350 340 330 Feet. 1-0 ■' i-o' "3-55 2-4 Sec.-ft. 320 320 320 1,710 3,110 2,880 2,480 2,160 1,710 1,600 1,340 1,190 1,040 890 810 760 710 660 640 620 600 580 560 520 480 450 420 400 390 370 Feet. " 1-15 "'i-o' 4-9 ■ 3-6' -•2:7- 2-45 2-3 2-6 2-65 ■2-5 2-2 2-25 Sec.-ft. 380 390 400 400 370 350 320 1,670 3,010 4,350 5,690 4,440 3,200 2,460 1,710 1,400 1,320 6,240 1,580 1,640 1,610 1,570 1,553 1,520 1,500 1,480 1,460 1,150 1,190 1,150 1,100 Feet. 21 1-9 1-95 ""I'.S " 1-75 '3-1' 2-6 ........ Sec.-ft. 1,060 890 905 920 930 890 850 810 810 800 790 790 780 770 920 1,070 1,220 1,370 1,520 1,670 1,820 1,970 2,120 2,310 1,950 1,580 1,530 1,480 1,420 1,340 Feet. 2-3 21 ■■■■■■■■ 1-6 Sec.-ft. 1,240 1,C60 1,030 1,000 970 940 920 890 9 10 11 12 860 830 800 780 13 .... 1-8 1-6 " 1-45 760 14 740 15 16 2-5 730 600 17 630 18 1-35 1-47 600 19 20 21 22 2-8 2-75 2-6 57(1 .540 500 23 560 24 5.50 25 1-4 " V3 .540 26 27 28 29 30 20 "'2-65 .530 520 510 500 485 31 470 COQUITLAM RIVER. Location. — Discharge ineasuretl at lower end of tuinu'l to lake Huntzcn. in township o, range 6. west of 7th meridian. Records Available. — Average run-off from 190() to 1918. Winter Conditions. — Open water. Gauge. — Staff gauge for weir measurments. Channel. — Artificial. Discharge Measurements. — Weir measurements made by engineers of \';iii- couver Power Company. COf.UITLAM RIVER. Coquitlam river rises in Disappointment lake n(\ir the north boundary of the Railway Belt in township 7, range (i, west of the 0th meridian. ( "(xpiithim lake is on the river about 8 miles farther south, in township 5, range (i. It is at an elevation of 430 feet, and has an area of 2,300 acres at low water, l^elow Coquitlam lake the river flows south for about 10 miles and discharges into Fraser river near the mouth of Pitt river in township 38 E.C.M. Gold creek enters the river from the east below the lake, and \'iola creek empties into the lake itself, also from the east. The vemlier 1,720 1,510 160 136 1 i 599 9-2 1 10-3 246 3-8 1 4-4 .34.500 14,600 Note. — Accuracy "A" and 'C". Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Mesliloet River near Canyon for 1912. D.\T. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 215 Sec.-ft. 182 225 268 311 570 545 520 495 470 445 420 1,070 1,720 620 585 550 515 1,720 1,545 790 1,080 810 540 570 347 266 237 195 201 160 Feet. 205 "■2-35' "2-65 ■■2-6' 1-95 2-3 2-3 4-5 2-8 2-4 "2-4"' 2-75 2-3 2-2 2-15 '■'2^0" 1-95 2-3 2-1 ■■2-2" 2-3 Sfc.-ft. 160 "> 195 3 237 4 . 2-6 3-15 223 5 160 6 X 177 7 147 8 136 g . . 160 10 196 11 .. 2-85 222 12 .■ 22 2 13 . . 4-8 3-25 1,510 14 . 389 15 ... 251 16 251 17 305 4-8 4-55 3-5 3-9 251 18 368 19. . •>99 20 1 195 21 188 22 182 23 31 315 2-7 2-45 2-35 2-2 164 24 147 25 141 26 136 27 222 28 170 29 182 SO 205 195 31 2-25 208 222 BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Mesliloet River, near Upper Station for 1913. Day. Januan.-. February. March. Ap ril. M ay. June Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height . ■ Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 2-0 1-95 1-9 Sec.-ft. 147 136 125 107 89 89 86 83 80 75 70 66 66 66 64 62 60 60 60 60 60 60 65 70 75 80 76 72 72 72 72 Feet. ■" 1-55' 1-5 '"i'45 "i-45' '"'l-4" 4-8 ■■■2:8" 2-4 2-05 ........ 1-65 Sec.-ft. 69 66 66 66 63 60 58 55 55 55 52 50 470 890 1,300 1,720 1,050 389 251 200 160 145 135 120 106 95 89 80 Feet. 1-6 "i'-h" '■'i;75' 1-85 '2-i" 21 ■■'i;95' "iz" 2-3 1-85 '■'i^eo' '"i'.e Sec.-ft. 72 72 72 84 97 115 155 188 222 170 180 170 160 148 136 165 195 222 222 168 115 105 90 80 75 75 72 100 125 115 106 Feet. 1-7 "i'-s 20 2-2 ■■'2-6" 2-0 2-2 2-45 "3-i5 2-8 2-6 2-65 2-85 3-3 3-35 ■■■2-8" 2-45 30 "2-8" ■"2-3 ' Sec.-ft. 89 100 106 147 105 170 147 147 195 265 415 565 389 363 337 311 330 415 660 675 690 540 389 265 375 485 437 389 305 222 Feet. Sec.-ft. 210 195 190 185 180 300 415 595 840 1,080 950 825 595 660 720 580 436 470 500 540 600 660 720 660 940 1,220 1,370 1,000 660 720 970 Feet. "z-3 3-25 3-4 "3'25' '"'3-35 3-4 3-4 3-25 2-9 2-85 3-5' 40 3-45 3-3 3-2 Sec.-ft. 1,130 2 2-2 2-i5' ■"2^85' 3-2 "3-9' "3-55 3-2 3-4 ■ 2^9 3-1 ■3-4" 3-3 4-1 4-3 ■ 3-3' 1,290 3 1,080 4 ... 870 5 6 7 1-7 1-7 660 630 720 8 670 9 1-65 620 10 640 11 660 12 13 14 15 1-55 "i-55' 690 720 720 680 1 16 ........ 620 17 18 1-5 436 415 19 20 1-5 600 790 21 22 23 1-5 1-5 1,150 755 730 24 25 710 690 26 27 1-65 660 595 28 1-6 'jig 560 29 3-05 520 30 510 31 1-8 110 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Mesliloet River near Upper Station for 1913 — Concluded. Day. July. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 500 595 485 485 520 1,110 720 540 185 310 436 390 340 295 295 385 475 565 660 615 570 525 480 436 389 355 320 280 222 222 222 Feet. 2-3 2-3 "'2-3" 2-15 21 2-1 2-05 21 '■■2-25' "■^75' ■■■2-6" 2-0 2-0 2-0 "i'.g" 1-9 ""hi" Sec.-ft. 222 222 222 222 204 185 170 170 165 165 160 170 190 210 250 290 330 368 258 147 147 147 147 136 125 125 119 113 106 145 185 Feet. "i'-o" 2-8 2-65 ■■■2;2" 2-1 "i'-g" 1-9 1-85 1-85 1-8 1-8 "i'-b" 1-8 1-7 1-8 2-65 2-2 2-05 Sec.-ft. 230 260 290 320 370 410 450 485 389 329 280 195 170 150 125 125 115 115 106 106 115 125 106 95 89 89 106 330 195 160 Feet. "i'-io' "I-q" ■■'i-'e ■ 3-4 5-3 4-2 "2-i" 2-55 ■'i^is' "l-% "'i'-i'o' 1-85 1-8 ■■'i^is' 1-65 Sec.-ft. 140 120 98 85 72 72 72 72 72 400 720 2,120 1,290 820 347 295 270 240 210 185 160 136 160 185 150 115 106 100 98 80 90 Feet. "'i-85' 1-75 "i'-hs 2-55 "'4>25' 2-9 "'i'-i'o' ■■'i^ss' 3-78 ■"2'25' 2-25 20 2-0 ""s'o" 4-7 4-3 3-9 "'z-s" 2-9 Sec.-ft. 100 115 98 214 330 295 640 980 1,330 436 310 185 150 115 550 990 600 210 210 180 147 147 1,010 1,880 1,650 1,370 1,080 1.050 1,010 436 Feet. 2-7 "■2-35' ■"2-45' 2-25 ■■■2-8'" "'3-45' 305 2-8 "'2-45' 2-0 ■■'i^ss' ■■'2:4" 21 ■■■2-5 " Sec.-ft. 347 2 290 3 3-0 3-0 3-05 3-95 3-4 31 2- 15 235 4 235 5 235 6 250 7 265 8 210 9 190 10 170 11 2-9 280 12 389 13 570 14 2-55 2-55 755 15 520 16 389 17 327 18 315 3-3 265 19 230 20 190 21 147 22 147 23 147 24 2-9 2-8 130 25 115 26 184 27 2-65 2-5 2-3 251 28. 170 29 200 30 240 31 2-3 280 NORTH LILLOOET RIVER, Location. — Five miles from mouth of stream, in section 29, township 12, east of Coast meridian. Records Available. — Continuous records from October 27, 1911, to Decem- ber 11, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Open water all year. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge on bridge pile. Daily gauge readings. Channel. — Gravel bottom, water deep and quiet at gauge. Discharge Measurements. — Two measurements in 1911, five in 1912, and one in 1913 show fair agreement and are well distributed except for the highest stages. Accuracy. — Records should be quite accurate. NORTH LILLOOET RIVER. The North Lillooet river has its source in the Golden Ears mountain (5560 feet) at an elevation of 4,000 feet. It joins the South Lillooet river 2 miles from Pitt river about 20 feet above sea-level. The drainage area is about 20 sq. miles, and precipitation varies from 70 inches at the mouth to 80 inches or more at the headwaters. The stream is open all the year round, and the winter conditions are not severe. About 5 miles above the mouth the North Lillooet BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 111 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f is Tvdthiu a few hundred feet of the South Lillooet. West of that point both streams flow through rich bottom lands, are deep and sluggish, and at high water often overflow the surrounding lands. Some of these are being dyked and farmed, and are very valuable. The upper part of the Avatershed is moun- tainous. A prominent peak, mount Blanchard, kno-WTi locally as the Golden Ears, rises to an elevation of 5500 feet. This peak is snowcapped practically all the year round. In the upper part of the stream the bed has a very rapid fall, and during high water many trees are washed out and carried dow^i into the flats, where they give much trouble by obstructing the channel and causing the river to overflow and sometimes even to change its course. Near the northern boundary of township 12, E. C. M., there is a series of falls on the stream with a total drop of some 60 feet in about 200 yards. A company has a water record to use water for power purposes at this point, in connection with a proposed rock quarry. The municipality of Maple Ridge plans to draw its water supply from the stream above the falls. The station was established by C. G. CHne on October 27 1911, and gauge readings were taken continuously till December, 1913. It was located at the bridge on the North Lillooet river at Sibley's blacksmith shop, just below a high-water slough from the South Lillooet river, and directly north of Port Haney. The gauge is a standard vertical staff gauge 7| feet long, and is nailed to the south side of the planking on the piling of the bridge near the right bank. It is referred to three permanent bench-marks. Discharge Measurements of North Lillooet River, 5 Miles from ]\Iouth, 1911 and 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911. Oct. 27 Cline and Smith 1,057 1,057 1,046 1,046 1,046 1,046 1.046 1,055 Feet. 47 16 19 32 39 Sq. ft. 16-3 130 24-6 24-7 44-7 27-0 115-0 44-3 Ft. per sec. 1-79 0-87 0-7 0-92 2-16 1-30 1-48 2-32 Feet. 4-35 2-28 2-60 2-7 3-65 2-89 3-91 3-48 Sec.-ft. 291 Dec. 19 H.M. Smith 11'3 1912. Mar. 16 C. G. Cline 17-3 July 4 do 22-8 Aug. 17 do 96-2 Sept. 10 35-1 Nov. 14 do :::;:::::::::::::: 170 1913. July 11 K. G. Chisholm 102 112 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Monthly Discharge of North Lillooet River, 5 miles from Mouth, for 1913. (Drainage area, 20 square miles. 1 Discharge in Second-feet Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 865 1,535 1,197 470 590 287 243 188 400 1,220 1,580 400 29 20 20 42 35 50 20 14 8 9 14 42 77-1 174-1 118-6 138-1 151-2 83-7 61-2 28-4 39-3 151-8 228-3 77-9 3-85 8-70 5-93 6-91 7-56 4-18 3-06 1-42 1-96 7-59 11-40 3-90 4-44 9-38 6-84 7-71 8-72 4-66 3-53 1-64 2-19 8-75 12-72 4-50 4,740 9,660 7,320 8,210 May 9,280 4,980 July 3.760 1.750 2,340 9,350 13,600 4,790 1,580 8 111-0 5-54 75-10 79,800 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of North Lilloet River 5 mile; from Mouth, for 1913 D.-')F Month. Ma.xi;num. November December Note. — Accuracy "A' 27-0 no Minimum. Mean. 9-0 3-7 15-5 5-63 25f— 9i 116 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Norton Creek at Norton lake for 1912. Day. October. November. December. Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Di-s- Gauge j Dis- charge 1 Height. ' charge. 'Ad 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 11-0 11-5 12-0 12-5 13-0 130 13-5 14-0 11-0 11-0 12-0 13-0 14-0 15-0 17-0 180 20-0 22-0 23-0 24-0 25-0 26-0 27-0 22-0 170 110 10-5 100 9-5 9-0 Feet. ■■■2-5" ■■2-3" ■ ^7" 2-4 "2-35' Sec.-ft. 8-0 2 7-5 3 6-7 4 5-5 5 4-3 6 31 7 1-9 8 2-8 2-7 2-7 2-5 9 31 10 3-7 11 5-5 12 7-3 13 91 14 11-0 15 10-1 16 9-2 17 8-4 18 7-6 19 6-8 20 2-5 6-7 7-0 7-0 7-5 8-0 8-0 8-5 9-0 9-5 10-0 10-5 11-0 2-7 60 21 5-2 22 4-9 4-6 24 4-4 4-3 4-2 27 41 40 29 3-9 3-8 31 3-7 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Norton Creek near Norton lake for 1913. Day. January. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 3-6 Feet. "2-07 ■"■2-0" ■■2-7 ' "2:2 ' Sec.-ft. 2-2 21 2-0 2-0 1-9 1-8 1-7 1-6 lo 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-2 2-6 4-0 5-4 6-8 8-2 9-6 no 9-4 7-8 6-2 5-6 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 Feet. ■■2-2" 2-2 ' 2^2 ■ 2-3 "2-25' 2-2 Sec.-ft. 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2.7 2-7 -•7 2-7 30 3-2 Feet. '■'2:2' '■2-3' " 2-55 Sec.-ft. 2-7 2-7 2-9 30 3-2 3-4 3-5 3-7 4-4 5.1 5-8 6-5 7-2 7-7 8-0 8-2 8-4 8-6 8-6 8-6 8-6 8-6 8-4 8-2 8-0 7-8 7-6 7-4 7-2 7-0 Feet. 2-5 2-4 ■■'3-i" ........ "2-85 ■"2-" '■'3-0 ' "2-85 2-85 Sec.-ft. 6-7 Feet. "2-85' ■■■2.Y' "i'-o" ■■'2-5 2:5" 2-5 "2-45' Sec.-ft. 16-0 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 7 6 5 24 3 0 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 6 6 5 5 5 12 20 28 36 34 32 30 28 27 25 22 19 16 17 17 17 18 19 19 20 21 22 19 16 16 4 1 8 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 n 16-0 3 16-0 4 15-0 5 14-0 6 12-5 7 11-0 8 10-0 9 8-6 10 8-3 11 12 2-2 7-9 7-5 13 . 7-1 14 6-7 15 6-7 16 6-7 17 3-4 1 3-6 2-6 3-7 3-5 1 3.3 6-7 18 19 21 6-7 6-7 20 6-7 21 6-7 22 3-2 30 ■ 2-9 2-8 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-5 6-7 23 6-7 24 6-7 25 6-7 26 6-5 27 6-3 28 6-0 29 6-1 30 215 2-7 ! 2-7 1 6-2 31 ' 118 DEPARTMEyr OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Norton Creek near Norton lake for 1913 — Concluded. Day. July. Aug List. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Dis- Height . charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6 6-7 7-0 7-3 5-9 5-9 5-6 5-4 5-2 5-0 4-6 4-2 3-7 3-7 3-2 2-7 2-4 2-1 1-9 1-9 1-6 1-3 1-0 1-0 M 11 1-2 1-2 Feet. ■'i-ss' "■i-85' " 1-85 "i-ss' 1-85 ' I.q" Sec.-ft. 0-8 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 Oo 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 1-0 1-5 1-9 1-5 10 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 5-0 Feet. "3-i5 2-9 2-8 ■2-6' 2-55 ■■■2-2" 2-2 "2-i" '■2-66 20 ■■'2-2' 215 Sec.-ft. 10-0 15-0 20-0 25-0 30-0 18-0 140 12-0 10-0 8-6 7-7 5-2 2-7 2-7 2-6 2-4 2-2 2-0 1-9 1-8 1-7 1-7 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-2 1-7 2-2 2-7 2-3 Feet. ■■■2-6" '■■2-6" ■2-6 ' 3-53 3-65 .... 2-8 '2-23 21 Sec.-ft. 1-9 1-5 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 4-8 8-6 47-0 52-5 40-0 27-0 11-0 130 120 11-0 10-0 8-0 7-0 6-0 5-0 3-0 2-7 2-4 21 1-9 1-9 2-5 Feet. ■■2-5" Sec.-ft. 31 3-7 41 4-5 4-9 5-5 61 6-7 6-5 6-3 6-2 6-1 60 11-0 160 21-0 26-0 31-0 360 41-0 46-0 51-0 56-0 60-0 69-0 46-0 410 36-0 310 260 Feet. ■■■■2-6' ■"2-5' Sec.-ft. 21-0 2 16-0 3 110 4 8-6 5 2-5 8-8 6 9-0 7 2-53 2-45 2-45 9-2 8 9-4 9 9-6 10 9-8 11 ■■■2-45 ■'3-8" 4-0 3-5 10-0 12 2-4 10-2 13 10-4 14 10-5 15 10-6 16 2-3 2-3 10-7 17 10-8 18 10-9 19 2-2 110 20 10-6 21 10-2 22 2-1 21 9-8 23 9-4 24 90 25 8-6 1-95 8-2 27 7-8 28 7-4 29 7-0 30 20 2-0 6-7 31 6-4 RAINBOW CREEK. Location. — Below falls, near mouth, in section 18, township 6, range 4, west of 7th meridian. Records Available. — Continuous records from November 1, 1912, to Novem- ber 31, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Open water all season. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge — gauge readings about once a week. Channel. — Permanent rocky channel. Discharge Measurements. — Two measurements in 1911, two in 1912. and two in 1913 show good agreement, and cover all but the highest stages. Accuracy. — The infrequency of the guage readings will tend to impair the accuracy of the results. RAINBOW CREEK. Rainbow creek has its source in the mountains on the east side of Pitt lake, outside the Railway Belt, at an elevation of 2,000 feet, and discharges into Pitt lake at an elevation of 10 feet. It is part of the Pitt-Fraser drainage. The drainage area is estimated at 20 square miles, and the annual precipitation at about 70 inches. The watershed of Rainbow creek is comparatively high, rocky, and wooded, with snow most of the year in the higher altitudes. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f It would be possible to develop power on Rainbow creek, there being a 630- foot fall in half a mile near the mouth. There is said to be a lake near the headwaters which might be utilized as a storage reservoir. There is a small flat at the mouth which would provide plenty of room for a power-house. The gauging station on Rainbow creek was established on Novemlier 11, 1911, by C. G. Cline, and a year's records have been obtained. It is about 2 miles above Goose island, on the east side of Pitt lake. The gauge is a vertical staff, 7 feet long, and is fastened to a stum]), 100 feet below the high fall, and 300 yards from the mouth of the creek. The datum of the gauge is referred to three bench-marks. Measurements are made by wading, except at high water, when a boat is used. The station is just at the edge of a pool at the bottom of the fall. Discharge Measurements of Rainbow Creek below falls, 1911, 12, 13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. .\rea of .Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911. Feet. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. Feet. Sec. -ft. Nov. 11.... Dec. 28 C.G.C.&K.H.S K. H. Smith 1,053 1,057 42 36 61 43 0-7 1-2 0-82 0-85 46-0 51 0 1912. Aug. 7 Nov. 2 C. G. Cline C. G. Cline 1,046 1,046 33 36 46 75 0-7 1-0 0-64 015 32-4 74-6 1913. Mav 24 July 16 C. G. Cline K. G.C.&C. G.C 1,044 1,0.55 75 42 310 76 1-3 2-2 2-3 1-55 412 166 Monthly Discharge of Rainbow Creek near mouth for 1912. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Total in acre-feet. November December 133 158 33 62 75-6 101-0 4,498 6,210 Monthly Discharge of Rainbow Creek at mouth for 1913. (Drainage area, 20 square miles.) Month. DlSCH.\RGE IN SeCO.VD-FeET. Maximum. Minimum Mean. Run-Off. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total January February March April May June July August September October November Note. — Accuracy "B' 120 123 133 195 450 456 225 404 560 990 990 34 34 41 46 210 267 117 46 62 30 160 60-4 70 790 95- 1 289 298 1.59 158 169 252 546 302 3-5 3-95 4-75 14-4 14-9 7-95 7-90 8-45 12-6 27-3 3-48 3-6 4 -.55 5-3 16-6 16-6 916 911 9-43 14-5 30-5 3,710 3,890 4,860 5,660 17.800 17,700 9,780 9,720 10,060 15,. 500 32,500 120 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Rainbow creek near Mouth for 1912, DAT. August. Sept«mber. October. November. December. Gauge 1 Dis- Height. 1 charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge ! Dis- Height . charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 1-05 Sec.-ft. 74 81 88 95 102 109 116 123 129 133 124 115 106 96 86 76 56 52 47 42 37 36 34 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 Feet. Sec.-ft. •95 i 62 "i-66" "i-35" ■i-26" '■i-45" 63 3 64 4 65 5 . 65 e 66 7 67 8 67 •60 30- 75 10 1^40 83 11 91 \l ;::::::.; :::::.:. 99 2-50 474 107 n .... 1-20 114 15 123 1R •90 56 119 17 •90 115 1^ 1 111 19 •90 56 107 20 103 21 •70 99 •80 46 96 23 103 •90 56 •65 110 25 • • • ■ 117 26 124 131 28 138 144 30 151 31 158 1 BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURTET SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 121 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Rainbow Creek near mouth for 1913. Day. January. Gauge I Dis- Height ' charge. Feet. 1 2:::::.:.::..::i:;;::;; 3 ' 4 5 11 6 7 1 8 1 9 10 11 12. 0-7 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0-65 20 21 22 23 0-8 24 25. 26 1-2 27 28 1 29 30 31 Sec. -ft. 120 110 100 90 81 74 67 61 55 49 43 37 37 37 36 36 35 35 34 37 40 43 46 63 30 96 86 76 66 56 46 FebruarV'. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Feet, i Sec.-ft. 0-7 0-65 1-35 1-0 37 37 36 36 36 35 35 34 34 47 60 73 86 100 112 123 115 107 99 91 83 75 56 71 75 79 83 87 March. April. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge Feet. 1-2 1-0 1-4 0-9 0-75 Sec.-ft. 91 96 92 88 84 76 72 67 75 83 91 99 107 115 133 122 111 100 89 78 67 56 53 50 48 46 43 41 45 50 Feet. Sec.-fy 0-8 1-25 57 53 49 46 55 65 75 85 95 105 112 119 126 133 140 147 155 170 185 195 May. June. Gauge Dis- I Gauge Dis- Height. ch.arge. I Height, charge. Feet. 20 2-3 2 -.35 Sec.-ft. 210 225 235 251 258 265 272 279 286 293 301 295 290 285 280 275 270 267 289 311 ' 333 3.55 377 410 422 425 430 435 440 445 450 Feet. 2-45 1-95 1-9 1-95 Sec.-ft. 456 429 400 375 350 320 295 267 270 272 275 277 279 282 284 281 278 275 272 270 267 269 271 273 275 277 279 281 284 279 122 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Rainbow Creek near Mouth for 1913 — Concluded. DaY. July Aug ust. September. October. Nov ember. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge 1 Dis- Height. charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 255 240 225 210 195 180 167 153 138 123 130 138 146 154 160 167 165 162 160 157 155 1.52 148 145 141 137 133 129 125 120 117 Feet. 1-3 '■o;8" 2-3'" 0-85" Sec.-ft. 113 106 99 92 84 77 69 61 54 46 105 155 205 255 305 355 404 360 320 280 240 200 150 96 87 78 69 60 51 123 195 Feet. "2-75' 2-05' "0-95" 0-95 ' I'.i" Sec.-ft. 267 339 411 483 560 444 318 272 237 202 167 132 97 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 65 68 71 74 76 78 81 74 67 Feet. ■'6-6"' ■■4-6" ■ i^o" ■'0-85" Sec.-ft. 60 53 47 38 30 165 300 435 570 •705 840 990 820 670 520 370 220 67 67 65 63 62 60 58 56 54 52 51 80 110 140 Feet. '2;2' 3-0 ■■4-0'" '2-05" Sec.-ft. 160 190 220 250 270 300 320 350 370 410 450 490 530 570 600 646 700 750 800 850 900 950 990 910 820 730 630 520 400 318 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2 3 4 8 1-6 7 8 9 10 1-35 11 12 13 14 15 16 1-55 17 18 19 20 21 1-5 22 23 24 25 :::;:::: 26 27 1-4 28 29 30 31 RAVEN (rUSHTON) CREEK. Location. — Below canyon near mouth in section 18, township 5, range 4, wesc of 7th meridian. Records Available. — Continuous records from November 3, 1912, to Novem- ber, 30, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Open water all season. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge. Three readings a week. Channel. — ^Permanent rocky channel. Discharge Measurements. — One measurement in 1912 and four in 1913 show good agreement but do not cover the higher stages. Accuracy. — The infrequency of the gauge readings and the absence of a flood measurement will tend to impair the accuracy of the work. RAVEN (rUSHTON) CREEK. Raven (or Rushton) creek rises in Rushton lake at an elevation of 700 feet, and discharges into Pitt lake on the east side opposite Goose island, at an eleva- tion of about 10 feet. It is part of the Pitt Eraser drainage. The watershed is in the Coast district, with a mean annual precipitation of something like 60 inches. The stream does not freeze over at the mouth, but in the higher altit- udes the winter conditions are more severe. BRITISH COLl MBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f yir. E. J. Fader, of New Westminster, proposes to develop power on Rushton creek. Rushton lake is 700 feet above Pitt lake and only three quarters of a mile distant. Below the lake there is a fall of about 100 feet high, and only one quarter mile from Pitt lake. The water is to be diverted above the fall and conveyed in a flume and pipeline to the power-house near Pitt lake. Rush- ton lake could be used for storage. The power is to be used to run a quarry and gravel-screening plant. A gauging station was established on Rushton creek on November 3, 1912, and gauge readings were taken three times a week for a year. There is a vertical staff gauge just at the lower end of the canyon below the fall, and one quarter mile from Pitt lake. The meter measurements are made by wading at a section 100 feet below the gauge. During the season of 1913 sufficient meter measurements were taken to locate the rating curve. Discharge Measurements of Raven Creek (Rushton) near ]\Ioutli 1912 and 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1912 Feet. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. Feet. Sec.-ft. Xov. 3 . ... C. G.Cline 1046 32 54 1-2 2-18 63-6 1913 Mav 24.. July 16 .. Sept. 17... Oct. 26... . .. C. G. Cline ...K.G.C.&C. G.C . . .K. G. Chisholm ..H. J.E. Keys 1044 1055 1055 1057 32 30 15 30 67 52 27 42 2-0 0-9 0-8 0-6 2-57 i-02 1-69 1-80 1.35-0 46-5 20-9 25-0 Monthly Discharge of Rushton Creek near ]\Iouth for 1912. Month. Dl.SCH .\RGE IN SecOND-FeET. Run-off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Total in acre-feet. November 1.50 80 17 19 75 48 4 469 2,957 Monthly Discharge of Raven (Rushton) Creek near Mouth for 1913. Month. Disch.\r(;e in Second-Feet. Run-off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Total in acre-feet. 50 140 120 140 150 160 72 185 620 620 620 5 13 17 la 15-9 42-7 42-3 .56- 1 977 February 2 370 March 2,600 April 3.340 .Vlav 31 89-6 5.510 27 21 7 8 13 21 7C-4 40-0 42-0 86-1 120-0 201-0 4,5.50 July 2.640 2,580 September October 5.120 7,. 380 November 12,000 124 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Raven Creek near Metering Station. BRITISH COLUMBIA H7DR0GRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 125 Raven Creek — Gravel Deposits at mouth. Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Raven (Rushton) Creek near Mouth for 1912. Day. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge j Dis- charge Height, j charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 80 80 65 85 100 80 65 55 45 75 100 125 150 115 80 100 120 140 120 100 85 70 50 38 27 23 19 17 15 22 Feet, •jig' ■2-3" 1-85 "I'.j" 1-65 ■ lig" 2-05 "2-2" '"2-05 ' '2^0' ■■2-2' ■2-3' ■■'2-2" Sec.-ft. 29 ■2 35 3 2-2 60 4 80 5 2-4 55 6 31 7 2-2 2S s:: : : : : : 25 9 2-0 21 10 20 11 2-4 19 12 23 13 2-65 27 14 35 15 2-3 4'' 16 50 17 58 18 .. 2-6 05 19 57 •20 2-4 50 21 48 22 46 23 2-05 45 24 25 1-8 65 26 73 27 1-65 80 2S 75 29 1-55 70 30 65 31 65 126 DEPARTMEyr OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Raven (Rushton) Creek Canyon near Mouth for 1913. January. February. March. Ap ril. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 3-05 Sec.-ft. 50 40 31 26 21 17 15 13 12 10 9 8 7 7 6 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 15 27 26 25 24 20 15 12 10 Feet. ■"l-80' "l-70 ■ 1-55 "l-60 "l-70 ■■'2-30 ■■■2-60 "2-30 2-00 ■"l-85' 1-65 ■ 1-50 Sec.-ft. 16 22 27 24 21 18 15 16 16 17 19 21 50 80 100 120 140 110 80 60 45 40 35 31 25 19 16 13 Feet. "i-so' "i-eo '"l-75 "l-90 ■■l-80 ■"l-70' ■ 2-30 '"2-50 2-30 "i-90' 1-70 ' l-90' Sec.-ft. 17 22 27 22 17 20 24 27 31 35 31 27 24 21 40 60 80 100 120 100 80 65 40 35 2S 21 28 35 38 42 45 Feet. "2-20 "2-io ■■'i-95 "l-70 1-55 ■ "l-70 1-80 ■■l-95 2-20 "2-35' ■2-45 '"2-60 2-45 '"2-00' Sec.-ft. 55 65 60 55 50 45 40 30 21 18 15 17 19 21 24 27 33 40 48 56 65 78 90 100 110 125 140 110 80 45 Feet. ■■■2-40' "■2-20 ■■■i;85' 2-30 "2-65' ■"2-25' 2-35 "2-26' 2-40 '"2-55 ■^^so' '2-60 Sec.-ft. 55 55 100 85 65 55 45 31 56 80 115 150 110 72 80 90 81 73 65 82 100 110 120 130 120 110 100 90 80 110 140 Feet. "2-70' ■■2-56' 2-35 "2-15 2-30 ■"2-66' 1-90 "2-15' "2-00 '"l-80 2-10 ■ 1-90 ■2-25 Sec.-ft. 150 2 160 3 1-85 140 4 120 5 105 6 1-60 90 7 100 8 1-50 110 9 120 10 1-40 100 11 SO 12 62 13 1-20 45 14 42 15 16 MO 39 35 17 1-05 47 18 60 19 90 20 1-20 115 21 65 22 1-30 27 23 36 24 1-80 45 25 55 26 45 27 1-75 35 28 50 29 1-55 70 30 55 31 1-40 2-00 BRITISH COLJ MBIA HYDROCRAPBIC fU'RTEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 127 Daily Gauge Heights axd Discharges of Raven (Rushton) Creek Canyon near Mouth for 1913 — Concluded. Day. July. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge G.iuge Height Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 200 Sec.-ft. 45 60 72 60 50 35 32 29 27 24 21 27 33 40 45 50 53 55 65 55 45 40 35 29 24 30 35 33 32 31 29 Feet. 1-80 ■■'1^70 1-55 ' 'l-50 1-30 "i-so' 3-30 " 2-30 2-30 ' 1-90 "i-70 1-50 "l-25 Sec.-ft. 27 24 21 19 17 15 14 13 11 8 13 18 27 55 80 130 185 150 110 80 60 35 30 21 19 16 13 10 7 27 47 Feet. 2-20 3-90 '3 15 '■■2-50 "2-05 '"l-70 1-45' i^so' "l-60 1-50 '"l-65 1-30 '■l-45 Sec.-ft. 65 345 620 420 255 195 120 100 75 50 35 21 17 12 17 22 27 22 17 15 13 15 17 19 15 8 10 12 12 13 Feet. 1-50 1-65 "l-50 "2-55 "4-80' '4-90 '2-25 "■2-66 "1^60 1-80 " 1-75 "l-70' Sec.-ft. 13 16 19 16 13 50 90 130 365 600 610 620 420 200 72 62 54 45 38 31 24 17 20 22 24 27 25 24 23 22 21 Feet. ■ l-70' " 1-80 ■"2-40' 3-00 2-00 1-95 3-80 "2-00 2-10 4-90 '4-30 3-60 "'2-85' Sec.-ft. 21 21 24 27 77 127 100 200 225 160 100 45 43 40 220 390 280 .. 170 45 50 55 330 620 580 495 420 350 300 250 195 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2 3 2-25 4 5 6 1-90 7 8 9 1-80 10 11 1-70 12 13 14 15 16 2-05 17 18 2- 10 2-20 19 20 21 2-00 99 23 1-90 24 25 1-75 26 27 1-90 28 29 30 1-85 31 SILVER HOPE creek. Location. — This stream is measured in two branches, and the result combined to give the total discharge . The stations are located near the higl bridges near the mouth of the stream in section 5, township 5, range 2(), of 6th meridian. Records Available. — Continuous records from December 11, 1911, to ember 11, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Open water all season. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauges — daily readings. Channel. — Permanent rocky channels, water swift at higher stages. Discharge Measurements. — Some half a dozen measurements on branches show a fair agreement and cover most stages of the two branches. Accuracy.— ¥&ir. SILVER HOPE CREEK. Silver Hope creek has its source in the mountains 15 miles south of Hope at an elevation of from two to three thousand feet, and discharges into the Fraser river near Hope at an elevation of about 100 feet. It is part of the Fraser river drainage; the drainage area, as measured from a Dominion sectional niaj), scale 3 miles to 1 inch, is 80 square miles. The precipitation varies from 50 s are liway west Dec- jth 128 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 inches at the mouth to 80 inches or more in the upper section of the watershed? where the winters are severe, with much snow. At present a vfer}^ small amount of water from this creek is used for irrigation; there is some good land along the Fraser near the mouth of the creek, but with that exception there is little agri- cultural land in the Silver Creek valley, and none is taken up. The hillsides are very steep, which tends to give a rapid run-off, with small loss by evaporation and seepage. The creek is swift, ^^^th many rapids, but the fall is uniformly distributed through its whole length. The creek is fairly well controlled by Silver lake, about 5 miles from the mouth of the creek, at an altitude of 1,100 feet. The lake has an area of 160 acres, and would afford a suitable reservoir for power development. But this stream is a poor power proposition when compared with others in the same district still undeveloped. Attempts have been made to build a railroad up the valley, but the grade was found to be too steep. The Pacific highway, however, is now being built through the valley, and wall give easy access to this district, which is unrivalled in its primitive beauty. In establishing a gauging station on Silver Hope creek, it was found most convenient to locate the station at a point where an island divides the creek into two channels. This necessitated the use of two gauges, one on each branch. The sum of the discharges of the two branches represent the total flow of Silver Hope creek. The station was established November 17, 1911, by C. G. Cline, and gauge readings were taken regularly till December, 1913, giving two years records. It is located one half a mile from the mouth, and one quarter of a mile above the C.N.R. bridge. Vertical staff gauges are located on both branches; on the left branch the gauge is fastened to the left abutment of the highway bridge on the upstream side; on the right branch the gauge is fastened to a tree on the right bank 100 feet below the highwaj^ bridge. The measuring section on the right branch is 5 feet below the gauge; a tree was felled across the stream, and cable measurements are taken from it. The measuring section on the left branch is at the bridge during high water, when cable measurements are made; during lower water, wading measurements are made 100 feet below the bridge. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHW SURVEY 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Discharge Measurements of Silver Hope River at Mouth 1911-13 Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocitv. 1911 Dec. 11 ISmith. Riqht Branch. 1912 Mar. 1 . . June 7.. Sept. 17.. Nov. 19.. Dec. 7.. C. G. Cline do do do do 1057 May June Sent. 1913 16. 23. 10. do do K. G. Chisholm. L jf Branch. 1911 I Dec. 11 Smith. 1912 Mar. June Sept. Nov. Dec. 17. 19. 7. 1913 C. G. Cline. do do do do May July July Sept. Oct. 16 C. G. Cline 22 K. G. Chisholm. 23 10 14 H. J.E Keys.... 1057 1046 1046 1046 1048 1048 10-14 1055 1044 1055 1057 Feet. 43 1046 35 1046 46 1046 40 1048 46 1048 40 1044 46 1044 30 1055 30 Sq. ft. 57-1 74 127 61 134 124 141 99 82-0 30-5 65-1 37 75-7 82-5 50-2 45-7 Ft. per sec. 3-4 1-94 6-02 1-76 4-86 2-37 4-54 6-59 3-28 •97 4-1 •83 3^38 M6 2-68 3^62 4-29 1-76 3-80 Gauge Height. Feet. 2^40 1-90 3-50 1-73 3^35 2^25 3-18 4^00 2-77 1-00 0^55 1^70 0-20 135 0^48 1^35 1-45 1^62 ©•71 1-20 Discharge. Sec.-ft. 196 146 765 108 652 199 563 930 324 54 335 25 216 43 214 275 354 88 178 Monthly discharge of Silver Hope Creek Island, near mouth, for 1913. (Drainage Area 80 Square Miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. RtlN-OFF. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per Square. Mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Area. January February. . March April May June July August September October. .. November 169-6 274-9 213-9 447-1 1,049-5 1,763-5 1,048-4 383-6 395-4 637-9 557-7 212 3-44 2-67 5-59 131 220 131 4^79 4-94 7-98 6^97 Tola. in Acre-feet. 2-44 3 -.58 3-08 6-24 15^10 24-50 15-10 5-52 5-51 9-20 7-78 10,000 15,300 13,200 26,600 64,500 105,000 64,500 23,600 23,500 39,200 33. 100 Nora. — ^Accuracy "A" and "B". 25f— 10 130 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Silver Hope Creek Island near mouth for 1913. Day. January. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge Dis- charge. Height, charge Gauge Dis- Height. 1 charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 215 215 240 220 192 180 180 180 172 161 161 155 200 281 161 153 124 124 133 135 124 Feet. Sec.-ft. 161 153 150 140 133 132 139 132 129 126 126 126 126 126 Feet. Sec.-ft. 184 176 165 165 176 176 200 226 250 269 269 257 225 250 220 210 288 330 276 Feet. Sec.-ft. 184 168 168 161 172 172 172 172 172 192 316 578 650 555 .555 495 515 578 800 800 910 859 613 515 495 Feet. Sec.-ft. 377 357 333 333 309 333 425 756 1,515 1,325 1,138 1,091 1,020 874 828 769 741 701 843 874 874 1.138 1,747 1,950 1,927 1,815 1,950 1,657 1.370 1,370 1,792 Feet. Sec.-ft. ! 2,355 2 ' 2,675 3 1 3,050 4 2,830 5 2.030 6 1,685 7 1,960 8 2,080 9 1,850 10 1,535 11 1.575 12 ' 1.645 13 2,080 14 1.805 15 1 165 j 813 1,390 16 1 1.390 17 1,227 744 50.5 404 3i56 300 262 235 210 200 ........ 1,280 18 1.155 19 1,645 20 225 2.295 21 210 210 1,695 22 128 1 1,515 23 133 128 158 192 168 158 165 161 161 200 i 1.515 24 196 184 184 184 184 168 180 196 1,447 25 1,390 555 1,390 27 188 188 555 495 439 401 1,430 28 1.515 29 1,390 30 1,390 31 1 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Silver Hope Creek Island near mouth for 1913 — Concluded. Dat. July. Augu.st. September. October. November. December. Gauge 1 Dis- ' Gauge Dis- Height. 1 charge.. Height charge. Gauge Dis- Height 1 charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1,447 1,210 1,047 948 1,140 1,260 1,355 1,210 1,140 1,310 1,260 1,060 1,155 961 781 881 864 900 1,060 1,210 1,440 1,320 1,140 1,047 940 830 735 697 864 621 561 Feet. Sec.-ft. 621 621 595 Feet. Sec.-ft. 222 222 222 1,060 Feet. Sec.-ft. 212 212 212 212 202 178 161 202 226 226 3,000 2,6.=)0 .,105 1,270 915 711 576 510 576 576 510 482 640 1,015 677 510 489 410 380 360 337 Feet. Sec.-ft. 380 339 319 222 337 364 380 341 364 464 410 364 322 322 304 2,375 1,180 799 526 464 457 410 400 845 845 711 711 632 632 510 Feet. Sec.-ft. 510 2 450 3 410 4 561 507 497 457 497 497 404 .S87 364 5 1,390 ' 364 6 1,155 585 448 326 7 364 8 337 9 .... 457 430 404 340 322 10 390 11 3C7 12 ' 387 370 , 348 390 326 .^26 13 319 319 300 281 269 326 286 269 252 319 300 257 240 226 226 252 240 99.R 14 15 . 16 17 18 ' 412 370 326 286 286 307 307 286 286 19 20 21 22 23 24 ... 25 26 27 257 25L 28 29 252 236 236 30 31 . 1 :: ;■ 1 SILVER PITT CREEK. Location. — At lower end of canyon, about 2 miles from mouth of creek, in section 8, township 4, range 5, west of 7th Meridian. Records Available. — Continuous since August 9, 1912. Winter Conditions. — Open water all season. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge, readings three times a week. Discharge Measurements. — One measurement in 1912 and five in 1913 sliow fair agreement. Accuracy. — Records are not as relial)l(' as though readings had been taken daily. SILVER PITT CREEK. Silver Pitt creek risers in the hills between Coquitlam lake and Pitt lake at an elevation of about 8000 feet; and flows from the west into Pitt river near Pitt lake at an elevation of 10 feet. It is part of the Pitt-Fraser drainage. About 3 miles from its mouth the stream flows out through a canyon on to a flat where it has numerous branches and frecjuently changes its channels. In the last mile of its course it forms a slough in which the water rises and falls with the water in Pitt river under the influence of the tides. 25f— lOi 132 BEPARTME'ST OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 There is a considerable extent of good agricultural land in the flat near the mouth. Much of this land, however, is frequently flooded by the freshets in Silver creek and submerged by the high water in Pitt river. The homesteaders are planning to combine to have the land dyked and drained. The watershed is in the Coast district, with a mean annual precipitation of about 80 inches. The stream does not freeze over near its mouth in the winter, but near the headwaters the winter conditions are more severe. The Municipality of Coquitlam is preparing to install a waterworks system which will draw its water supply from this stream near the canyon mentioned above. A gauging station was established on Silver Pitt creek on August 9, 1912, and gauge readings are being taken about three times a week. The station is at the lower end of the canyon and measures the whole flow of the stream. The gauge is a 6 foot vertical staff nailed to the upstream side of a 16 inch hemlock tree on the left bank of the stream. The meter measurements are made by wading at a section 5 feet above the gauge. A cable has been ins- talled for use in high water. There is a deep pool in the canyon above the station, and there are rapids below. Discharge Measurements of Silver Pitt Creek, Mouth of Canyon 1912-13 Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height Discharge. 1912 Aug. 9 C. G. Cline 1,046 1,044 1,055 1,055 1,055 1,057 Feet. 65 60 62-5 57 55 61 Sq. ft. 104 121 100 68 66 73-5 Ft. per sec. 2-39 3-05 1-83 1-35 1-27 1-60 Feet. 1-50 215 1-41 0-S7 0-80 0-99 Sec.-ft. 249 1913 May 25 July 15 Sept. 16 C. G. Cline K. G. Chisholm do 369 184 92 Sept. 17 Oct 25 do 84 H J E Keys 116 Monthly Discharge of Silver Pitt Creek, Mouth of Canyon for 1913. Month. Discharge ix Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per .square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 125 84 251 51 175 1 90 335 100 563 278 428 196 322 117 461 45 94 111 113 2.50 347 1-34 1-57 1-61 3-57 4-9fi 1-54 1-64 1-86 3-98 5-72 4-56 3-63 2-67 3-41 3-99 5-47 3-68 42- 15 5,7.S0 February 6,160 March 6,950 April 14,900 Mav 21,300 286 4-09 221 3- 15 164 2-32 214 , 305 242 • 3-46 .343 ' 4-90 223 3-19 217 3-10 17,000 Julv 13,600 August 10,000 884 1,023 973 428 1.023 45 45 105 100 45 12,700 14,900 20.400 December 13,700 The year 1.57,400 Note. — Accuracy "R", "C" and "D". BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Monthly Discharge of Silver Pitt Creek, Mouth of Canyon for 1912. 133 Month. Discharge i>j Second-Feet. Run-Off. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. September October.... November December. 262 362 853 285 15 35 109 90 88-1 135-2 322 0 142-5 1-26 1-93 4-59 2-03 1-41 j 5,240 2-22 8, SCO 5-12 I 19,160 2-34 i 8,730 Note. — Accuracy "B" and "C". Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Silver Pitt River near Mouth of Canyon for 1912. Day August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 170 215 262 237 218 197 175 153 131 100 84 75 66 57 52 47 42 35 32 29 25 23 21 19 15 15 15 15 45 75 Feet. ........ '"'o'.j' ""q-5 ""q-4 '"'o-i' Sec.-ft. 105 135 115 95 70 64 58 52 45 42 39 35 35 35 35 55 75 95 117 177 237 297 362 342 322 308 258 208 158 100 124 Feet. ■■■-^■ 2-4 ........ 2-1 '■'3;6' 1-3 '■'2-5" 1-0 0-95 Sec.-ft. 148 172 200 218 338 461 370 270 175 270 362 607 853 620 400 175 255 335 415 494 464 424 362 312 262 212 135 117 109 121 Feet. ........ 1-0 0-9 "i'-s" 1-25 1-3 11 "i;6" 0-85 1-0 Sec.-ft. 133 2 145 3 1-7 4 175 5 117 6 100 7 1-3 100 8 100 9 1-5 1-7 1-4 0-8 0-5 248 262 196 84 45 55 65 75 85 100 88 76 57 52 47 42 35 35 35 35 35 80 125 0-8 ■■■■6-4' 0-3 ■■■■6-2' ■ "6-'2' 130 10 11 12 13 14 160 190 220 250 285 15 165 16 175 17 ""v6 ""2-i 1-9 ■'■'6-9' 135 18 0-9 135 19 135 20 135 21 0-6 126 22 117 23 117 24 117 25 6-4 90 26 117 27 117 28 117 29 30 0-4 117 120 31 120 1 134 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Silver Pitt River near Alouth of Canyon for 1913. Day. January. February. March. .\pril. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Di.s- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 1-05 0-9 0-8 Sec.-ft. 122 125 100 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 88 88 88 88 88 96 96 96 96 96 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 84 84 84 Feet. ■ 0^65' 0-55 ■■'i'-es "0-75' 0-70 Sec.-ft. 77 70 67 63 59 51 51 51 71 91 101 121 141 161 181 201 221 251 211 171 131 91 77 70 70 78 86 94 Feet. 1-2 1-3 Sec.-ft. 102 110 118 126 134 146 155 175 165 150 140 130 120 110 100 100 100 100 100 100 95 95 95 95 95 92 Feet, '■■lil 2-0 Sec.-ft. 100 110 120 135 165 195 225 255 285 315 335 325 315 365 293 285 277 270 Feet. "'vs' ■■■'2-2' 2-7 ■■"'2:6' "2-i5 :::::::: ""V9 ■'2:2' Sec.-ft. 278 278 278 278 278 280 285 285 295 305 320 340 365 395 563 503 453 403 335 343 351 359 368 378 364 350 336 332 308 351 395 Feet. ■■■■2-3 1-9 1-7 21 ■■■■;.,■ 1-7 ■■'■l-4' lie' '■■■i;4' 1-4 Sec.-ft. 412 2 3 4 428 398 368 fl 338 6 308 7 262 8 295 9 328 10 362 11 335 12 308 13 285 14 262 15 273 16 284 17 .... 295 18 308 19 1-7 262 285 20 262 262 21 262 262 262 262 262 270 270 270 270 270 240 22 218 23 196 24 218 25 240 26 218 27 92 92 92 92 196 28 ... 0-9 0-8 196 29 217 238 31 0-85 93 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 135 Daily G.\uge Heights and Discharges of Silver Pitt River near "Mouth of Can von for 1913. Day. July. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 259 285 304 322 297 303 308 297 285 274 263 251 229 207 184 196 218 240 225 210 196 186 175 165 155 149 142 135 126 117 117 Feet. 1-0 ■ 0-9 0-8 ■ 0-7 0-5 Sec.-ft. 117 111 105 100 92 84 77 70 62 54 45 81 117 167 218 299 380 461 384 308 263 218 197 176 155 136 117 94 70 130 190 Feet. 1-65 Sec.-ft. 251 567 884 690 495 445 390 335 287 240 195 155 127 100 92 84 80 75 70 92 114 135 113 90 68 45 49 53 57 51 Feet. 0-5 "'o'-6" '"0-55 ■■4-0" '"4-2" 1-55 "o-s ' ■ 0-6 " ■ o-s" 1^0 ■ 0^95 "0-9 Sec.-ft. 45 51 57 54 51 121 191 262 660 959 991 1,023 757 493 229 156 84 70 57 66 75 84 100 117 114 112 110 108 105 102 100 Feet. 0-95 ■■l-65' " i-35 1.2 :;:;:;:; 2-9 ........ 1-05 '4;65' ■ 3-5 ' ■'■2-8 " 2-0 ' Sec.-ft. 105 109 113 117 152 197 251 230 208 186 170 155 145 135 302 469 629 392 155 140 126 550 975 894 821 708 596 505 425 335 Feet. 1-8 1^65 "l.i" "\.2 ' "i-0 0-9 "i;2 ■ ■ 1^6 ■■■2-3 1-9 Sec.-ft. 285 2 . ... 1-8 268 3 3-7 ■ '2-5 " 251 4 5 6 1-95 1-85 223 198 182 7. 1-9 168 8 2-0 "I'.e ' ■ 1^2" "0-9" ■■'0-8" ■■■0-7" ■■o-85' 0-5 ■ 0;6" 155 9 1-8 136 10 117 11 111 12 1-65 105 13 ... 1-0 1^5 ■ 2-4 'l-9 ■ i-5 ■ ■-- "i-o' ■■■0:7 100 14 15 . . . ... 1-45 127 155 16 17 1-4 197 240 18 19 1-6 334 428 20 368 21 22 1-4 308 286 23 24 1-3 1-8 1-4 263 240 25 26 1-2 262 285 27 255 •28 29 11 225 i96 30 31 , 1-0 218 240 SOUTH LILLOOET RIVER. Lucalion. — At upper highway bridge, 8 iniles from nioutli, in section 28, township 12, east of Coast meridian. Records Available. — Continuous since October 2(), 1911. Winter Conditions. — Open water all season. Gauge. — Chain gauge on Ijridge. Gauge readings daily. Channel. — Permanent rocky channel. Discharge Measurements. — Two measurements in 1911, four in 1912, and two in 1913 show good agreement and cover practically all stages. Accuracy. — Good. SOUTH LILLOOET RIVER. The South Lillooet river rises in the Lillooet lakes at an elevation of 370 feet, discharging into Pitt river below Pitt lake at about sea-level. The drainage area of the South Lillooet river is 70 square miles, while that of the Lillooet river (including the North Lillooet) is 105 square miles. The precipitation in the Lillooet watershed varies from 70 inch(\s pen- annum at the mouth to 80 inclies or more at the headwaters. The stream is at jiresent used for logging, but there are water-power possil)ilities on it. The original plan of development of this stream by the Burrard I'cnver Company was the diversion of water from the Lillooet lakes over the divide to Kanaka falls near the Fraser river. The I>urnett Lumber Companv objected 136 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 to the alienation of South Lillooet river water, since the company claimed the right to use the natural flow of the stream for logging purposes. From these objections sprung the famous Burrard Power case, through which the right of ownership of the Dominion of Canada to the water within the Railwaj^ Belt of British Columbia was formally established. Another plan of development is by carrying the water in a 5|-mile flume along the hillsides north of the South Lillooet river to a controlling reservoir, and then by a 1500-foot penstock to a power-house in S.E. j sec. 28, tp. 12, E. C. M., near the North Lillooet river. This would give a head of something like 300 feet, but the flume would be rather expensive. The upper Lillooet lake is only about a mile from Stave lake, and is 100 feet higher. A short tunnel would permit the diversion of the water into Stave lake, where it would augment the flow available for the Western Canada Power Company's plant. This company has a head of about 100 feet at its present plant, and could use the water again at the lower plant which it proposes to build to take advantage of the remaining 100-foot drop between the upper plant and tidewater. There are extensive fiats on both sides of the South Lillooet river for 7 miles from the mouth, and part of this land is under cultivation at present. It is often flooded, and much of it must be dyked before it can be used for farm- ing. The land is very fertile, and either open or easily cleared. The inter- mediate part of the watershed is composed of hills and plateaus a few hundred feet high, with very valuable fir and cedar timber. Some of this has been cut, and logging operations are being carried on at present. The logs are run down the river during the freshets, but this method is not very satisfactory. The building of the proposed Vancouver-Mission tram line will probably provide a better means of handling the timber. In the upper part of the watershed there are mountain peaks several thousand feet high, on some of which the snow remains all summer until washed down by the fall rains. Near the mouth of the stream the water is deep, sluggish, and is affected by the rise and fall of the tides. Higher up it is swift and comparatively shallow. The station on the South Lillooet river was established on October 26, 1911, by C. G. Cline, and continuous gauge readings have been taken ever since. It is located at the upper highway bridge across the Lillooet river about 2| miles from Port Haney, and just south of Yennedon post office. This is about 7 miles above the mouth of the North Lillooet, and 7 miles below Lillooet lake. The gauge is a chain gauge located near the middle of the bridge on the downstream side — plumber's chain with a plumbbob 24.3 feet long overall. There is also a vertical staff gauge 8 feet long attached to the cribwork of the bridge. Both gauges are referred to the same datum, and three bench-marks are established. Discharge Measurements of South Lillooet River, 8 miles from mouth, 1911-12-13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911. Oct. 26 Dec. 13 1912. July 4 Aug. 17 Sept. 10 Nov 13 C. G.C.& K. H.S K.H.Smith C. G. Cline 1,057 1,057 1,046 1,046 1,046 1,046 1,044 1,055 Feet. 100 120 105 125 115 125 125 125 Sq. ft. 113 316 151 288 234 608 266 296 Ft. per sec. 2-0 4-3 2-4 3-5 3-3 8-1 4-4 3-8 Feet. 1-18 2-80 1-50 2-70 2-00 4-60 2-45 2-4 Sec.-ft. 226 1.360 361 do 1,010 do 767 do 4,950 1913. May 22 July 10 C. G. Cline 1.180 K.G.C.&C.G.C 1,120 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Monthly Discharge of South Lillooet River, near Mouth for 1913. 137 Discharge in Second-Feet. Rux-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. January 1 , 420 February 5 , 920 March 2, 830 April , 1,420 May I 2, 170 June 1,640 July ' 1,310 August I 750 September | 2, 170 October 4,410 November I 5, 920 December j 1,880 The year I 5, 920 220 140 160 320 440 840 320 140 120 120 580 320 593 1,180 693 872 1,238 1,095 757 303 526 1,021 2,038 900 934 Note. — Accuracy "A", "B" and "D' Per square mile. 5-93 11-80 6-93 8-72 12-38 10-95 7-57 3-03 5-26 10-21 20-38 9-00 9-34 Depth in inches on Drainage area. 6-84 12-29 7-99 9-73 14-30 1218 8-72 3-49 5-87 11-76 22-74 10-38 126-29 Total in acre-feet. 36,500 65,500 42,600 51,900 76,200 64,900 46,500 18,600 31,300 63,000 121,000 55,300 673,300 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of South Lillooet Eiver near mouth for 1913. January. Februarv. March. April. May. Day. Gauge ] Dis- Gauge Height, charge. Height. Di-s- Gauge charge Height. Dis- charge 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1,420 1,210 1,110 1,020 1,020 1,110 840 580 510 510 440 370 320 440 510 440 370 320 320 270 270 320 220 370 510 580 660 660 580 580 510 Feet. Sec.-ft. 440 440 440 370 370 370 270 270 220 190 160 160 140 220 2,470 6,660 5,920 5,170 2,640 2,020 1,760 1,210 1,020 660 510 370 270 270 Feet. ; Sec.-ft. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge Height, charge Feet. 190 190 160 160 220 320 , 370 I 510 I 510 ! 510 ! 510 ' 580 440 440 1,210 1,880 2,830 2,170 2,020 340 660 510 440 440 270 220 370 750 660 510 Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 440 370 370 320 750 660 580 510 510 440 660 840 1,020 1,110 930 840 840 660 930 1,210 1,420 1,420 1,310 1,110 1,210 1,310 1,310 1,210 1,020 840 660 580 510 510 440 440 510 840 1,020 1,530 1,640 1,880 1,640 1,760 2,020 2,170 1,640 1.760 1,420 1,210 1,110 1,110 1,110 1,210 1,210 1,640 1.640 1,530 1,310 1,210 1,110 June. Gauge Dis- Height . charge . Feet. Sec.-ft. 930 1,530 1,640 1,640 1,530 1,110 1,110 1,110 1,110 930 840 840 930 930 1,110 1,110 930 930 1,020 1,110 1,310 1,310 1,020 930 930 840 840 930 930 1,420 138 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of South Lillooet River near mouth for 1913 — Concluded. Julv. Day. September. 1 Gau?e Height 1 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 IS 19 20 21 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 2i. 29. 30. 31. 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-0 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-0 1-8 1-7 1-7 Dis- Gauge charge . Height. Sec. -ft. Feet. 1,310 1-4 1,310 1-4 1,210 1-5 1,110 1-5 1,110 1-2 1,110 l-O 1,020 1-0 1,020 1-0 930 0-9 750 0-9 1,110 0-9 1,020 1-0 1.020 1-0 1 930 1-0 930 11 930 11 750 1-4 580 1-9 510 2-0 510 1-8 37a 1-8 370 1-7 510 1-9 580 1-6 440 1-4 370 1-3 320 1-2 .320 1-2 370 M 370 1-0 320 1-0 Di.s- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge Sec. -ft. 320 320 370 370 220 160 160 160 140 140 140 160 160 160 190 190 320 660 750 580 580 510 660 440 320 270 220 223 190 160 160 1-0 11 1-2 1-8 3-3 2-8 2-5 2-5 2-1 2-0 1-8 1-8 1-9 1-7 1-5 1-5 1-4 1-2 10 1-0 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-8 0-8 0-9 1-0 Sec.-ft. 160 190 220 580 2,170 1,760 1,530 1,210 1,210 840 750 580 580 660 510 370 370 320 220 160 160 140 140 140 140 140 120 120 140 160 October. Gauge Height. Feet. 1-0 1-0 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-8 0-9 0-9 1-0 1-0 1-6 2-5 2-4 4-4 3-9 3-5 3-1 2-9 2-65 2-5 2-4 2-3 2-35 2-3 2-2 21 20 1-9 1-8 1-8 Dis- charge Sec.-ft. 160 160 140 140 140 120 140 140 160 160 440 1,210 1,110 2,760 4,410 3,230 2,470 1,880 1,640 1,365 1,210 1,110 1,020 975 1,020 930 840 750 660 580 580 Xo\ember. Gauge Dis- I Height. charge.' Feet. Sec.-ft. 1-8 580 1-8 580 1-8 580 1-8 580 2-4 1,110 2-9 1,640 2-9 1,640 2-7 1,420 2-5 1,210 2-6 1,310 2-4 1,110 2-2 930 20 750 1-9 660 1-7 510 4-5 4,660 3-8 3 020 3-5 2,470 3-0 1,760 2-7 1,420 2-6 1,310 2-5 1,210 2-5 1,210 5-0 5,920 4-8 5,420 4-5 4,650 4-4 4,410 4-3 4,170 3-8 3,020 31 1,880 December. Gauge Height. Feet. 31 30 2-7 2-5 2-3 2-2 2-2 2-1 2-0 1-8 1-9 2-0 2-0 21 2-8 20 2-7 2-6 2-3 21 20 1-9 1-7 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-6 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 Dis- charge . Sec.-ft. 1,880 1,760 1,420 1,210 1,020 930 930 840 750 580 660 750 750 840 1,530 1,610 1,420 1,310 1,020 840 750 660 510 440 370 320 440 580 580 .580 580 STAVE RIVER. Stave river rises in Stave lake at an elevation of about 225 feet, and flowing southerly, discharges into Fraser river at Ruskin, at an elevation of 20 feet. It is part of Fraser drainage. Cascade creek flows into Stave river from the east near Stave falls, and ]McConnell and Cypress creeks flow into Stave Lake also from the east. Glacier and Clearwater creeks enter Stave lake from the west, and the Upper Stave river flows in from the north. This latter stream has not been thoroughly explored, and is visited only by trappers and timber cruisers, it is outside of the Railway Belt, and there are no reliable maps. It is impossible to determine the drainage area accurately, but the engineers of the Western Canada Power Company estimate it at 450 square miles. The waters of Stave river are i)eing used to develop hydro-electric power which is used in Vancouver, New Westminster, and the surrounding country as far east as Mission. Precipitation records have been kept at Stave falls by the Western Canada Power Company since October, 1909, and show a mean of about 80 inches. This is probably much less than the average over the whole watershed. Below the lake the winter conditions are not severe. There are heavy rains at different times of the year, but very little snow or frost, and the river does not freeze over. In the higher altitudes the snowfall is heavy, and there is snow on the mountain {lejiks practically all summer. BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SllRYEY 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f There are a number of glaciers in the ^yatershed. The spring freshets come aljout May or June, and the run-off is kept large nearly all summer by the melting of the snow on the mountains and glaciers. In the autumn, in October or Nov- ember, there is generally another flood, caused by the warm autumn rains falling on what is left of the snow. This freshet does not last as long as that in the spring, but is generally more severe. Sometimes also a fall of rain and a few days warm weather in December or January will cause another rise, or winter freshet, of short duration. The low-water periods occur in the autumn near the latter part of August or in September, and in the winter during January, Fel)ruary and ^larch. These statements are, however, only general, and do not always hold true. Regular gaugings of Stave river have been made by the power company since May, 1905. The first gauge was above the site of the dam, and was flooded out in April, 1910. Since September of that year, a gauging station below the dam has been used. Here there is a good permanent gauge, securely fastened to a heavy timber crib, loaded with rocks, and the gauge has been referred to the regular system of levels used for the construction work. Meter measurements were macle from a car suspended from a steel cable, which was stretched across the stream at the gauge. A good rating curve was obtained, particularly at the low and medium stages. Check measurements of discharge were made by the engineers of the Hydrographic Survey. These agree with the power company's rating curve to within 5 per cent. Since the beginning of 1912, stoplogs have l)een in place in the main dam, and the water of Stave lake has been kept at an artificial level. Hence the discharges of Stave river as recorded by the power company are not the natural flow of the river. Siavf Hivt-r — Western ( anada Power ( (iinpariv . UCii Mia^iireiiieiils lliruugli Sluice Dam. Stave lake lies mainly in townships 4 and 5, range 3, west of the 7th meridian. It was originally 9 miles long in a north-and-south direction, and al)out \}4 mih^s wide. The east and west shores are almost precipitous, but at the head and foot of the lake there are low-lying areas which are flooded at high water. The lake now makes a good storage reservoir. 140 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Seven miles south of the lake there is a fall in the river, and, including the rapids in the immediate vicinity, there is a total drop of 80 feet. A dam 55 feet high has been constructed, and this is sufficient to drown out the rapids, and to raise the level of the lake about 20 feet. Consequently the reservoir extends from the dam to the upper end of the lake, including the low-lying lands above mentioned. The reservoir is therefore about 16 miles long, and has an area of about 18 square miles. The total available head is 120 feet, or at the low level of the lake, 100 feet, giving an average head of 110 feet. By means of the storage, a mean flow of at least 3,000 c.f.s. can be obtained. The present power development should produce some 28,000 horse-power continuously, and, under usual operating con- ditions, a peak load of about 45,000 horse-power. Below Stave falls, the river continues its course over a series of rapids for a distance of 4 miles, finally debouching through a narrow granite gorge into a tide water basin, where it joins the Fraser river. By the construction of a dam in this gorge a head of 120 feet could be obtained, and the water as it comes from the upper plant could be used to develop a similar quantity of power. In this way the total capacity of Stave river could be used to its best advantage. The upper Lillooet lake is only about a mile from Stave lake, and is 100 feet higher. A short tunnel would permit the diversion of water into Stave lake, where it would augment the flow available lor the Western Canada Power Company. The 100-foot fall from Lillooet lake to Stave lake could probably be utilized also by a plant built near Stave lake below the end of the tunnel. The present installation at Stave falls includes the dams and spillways ne- cessary to regulate and control the water. The intake and power-house have been placed in an old channel of the river, and this channel has been deepened below the power house, to serve as the tail-race. Machinery has been installed for the development of 26,000 horse-power, consisting of two 13,000 horse-power turbines directly connected to 7,500 kilowatt alternating current generators with the necessary exciters, transformers, switches, etc., and 35 miles of double transmission line (60,000 volts) to the receiving station at Vancouver. Provision has been made for the installation of two more units of 13,000 horse- power each, and it is understood that the company has already ordered some of the additional machinery and equipment. STAVE RIVER Location.— Near plant of Western Canada Power Compan}- at Stave falls in section 3, township 4, range 3, west of 7th meridien. Records Available.- — April 19 to December 21, 1901; May 3 to December 31, 1905; January 1 to December 31, 1906; January 1 to December 31, 1907; January 1 to December 31, 1908; January 1 to December 31, 1909; January 1 to April 30, 1910; September 27 to December 31, 1910; January 2 to December 31, 1911; January 1 to December 31, 1912; January 1 to September 30, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Open water all season. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge fastened to rock-filled crib; daily readings; washed out in October 1913. Channel. — Permanent rocky channel, water swift at higher stages. Discharge Measurements. — Large number of meter measurements taken from permanent cable station by engineers of the Western Canada Power Company. Three check measurements taken by the engineers of the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey show close agreement. Channel changed in October freshet. Accuracy. — Good. BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Monthly Discharge of Stave River at Stave Falls for 1913. Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Total in acre-feet. 3,710 710 1,533 94,100 18,400 780 2,999 166,600 8,500 810 2,319 142,600 7,210 1,800 3,690 219,600 11,100 2,190 5,830 358,500 10,000 5,650 7,467 443,300 11,400 3,810 6,675 410,500 8,120 2,440 3,650 224,400 31,700 1,760 5,157 307,000 January. . . . February.. March April May June July August September Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Stave River near Stave Falls for 1913. Day. January. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 'Height, charge. Gauge Dis- Height. ' charge. Gauge Height Dis- Gauge charge. Height Dis- 1 Gauge 1 Dis- charge . Height . 1 charge . I Feet. Sec.-ft. 3,000 2,610 2,290 1,830 1,380 1,270 1,830 1,520 1,230 1,230 1,130 810 1,130 1,730 920 1,230 1,060 740 710 850 1,230 710 1,410 2,440 3,710 2,290 1,760 1,590 1,410 1.310 1,160 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1 5>7n Feet. Sec.-ft. 810 1,270 2,010 1,550 920 2,580 2,720 2,440 2,400 2,400 2,010 2,330 2,120 1,690 1,480 4,100 8,500 4,420 2,820 1,940 1.550 1,340 1,980 1,550 1.340 1,230 2,010 1,980 3,460 2,580 2,360 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2,150 1,800 2,010 2,150 3,850 3,320 2,650 2,300 2,120 3,530 4,700 5,120 4,480 4,130 3,880 2,650 2,610 Feef. Sec.-ft. 2,190 2,400 2,650 2,820 2.190 2,720 3,630 5,080 6,780 7.560 7,450 7,100 7,300 Feet. Sec.-ft. 8,830 2 I 4S0 1 9,67C 10,000 3 1,410 1,200 990 920 ssn 4 9,700 5 7. 770 6 6,710 7 6.960 8 i 850 810 780 ' 850 ! 880 990 2,750 in ion 7,9.50 9 6,460 10 5,830 11 5,860 12 7.000 13 8,050 14 6,890 1 6,850 1 6,140 7,000 15 8,410 16 .... 18 400 7,180 17 15^00 5 400 4,580 5,400 6,570 5.650 4,420 5,650 6,360 6,710 7,070 11,100 9,180 7,800 7,000 6,320 7,530 5.900 18 4,100 5.6.50 19 3,990 3,880 2,C60 2,120 1,520 1,270 1,090 920 950 810 5,930 4,980 7.210 5,300 8,330 2D 8,760 21 7,180 22 7.680 23 3,960 3 530 1 , 6,630 24 ' 5,970 25 3,810 5.470 4,940 3,5:50 2,470 2,120 6.460 26 6,570 27 1 6,280 28 8.200 29 7.170 30 9.850 31 1 '■ 142 DEPABTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Stave River near Stave Falls for 1913. — Concluded. D.-VTE. July. August. September. Gauge Height Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. 1 Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 11,400 7,950 6,880 6,430 6,780 7,800 9,610 6,390 6,530 8,090 6,740 6,610 5,410 5,010 4,200 4,480 4,620 5,300 6,320 6,920 7,030 6,990 6,990 7,060 7,530 10,800 9,820 5,300 3,810 4,310 3,810 Feet. Sec.-ft. 4,620 4,480 4,200 3,880 3,530 3,280 3,180 3,460 3,500 3,390 3,350 4,420 3,430 3,640 3,880 4,060 4,660 8,120 5,360 4,020 3,320 2,860 3,180 3,040 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2,220 2 2,293 3 15.460 4 31,700 5 15,950 6 9,750 7 6,070 8 4,840 9 6,430 10 5,400 11 4,310 12 ! 3,350 13 t 2.890 14 3.070 15 . . ..■ 2.820 16 1 2,580 17 : 2,470 18 ' 2,610 19 2,930 20 ! 2,580 21 2,650 22 2,820 23 2,6.50 24 2,290 25 2,860 2,750 2,680 2,650 2,510 2,470 1 1,940 26 1.760 27 2,050 28 3,740 2,650 30 2,440 2,440 BRITISH rnLUMIUA IIYDnOGRAPniC SIRTEY 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f YOUNG CREEK Location. — At mouth, in section 10, township 7. range 7, west of 7th meri- dian. Records Available. — Continuous since October 20, 1912. Winter Conditions. — Very heavy snowfall but very little ice in stream; practically open w'ater conditions all season. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge, readings once or twice a week. Channel. — Permanent rocky channel. Discharge Measurements. — One measurement in 1912 and five in 1913 show fair agreement and cover all stages except the larger freshets. Accuracy. — Infrequency of gauge readings will tend to impair accuracy of re- sults. YOUNG CREEK. Young creek has its source in Young lake at an elevation of 2.200 feet, and discharges into Brandt creek about 2 miles from its mouth, at an elevation of 1,800 feet. It is part of Burrard Inle+ drainage. The rainfall in the Young creek watershed is prol)al)ly between 120 and 150 inches. There are several feet of snow in the winter, but comparatively little ice, and open-water conditions prevail at the gauging station. The Westminster Power Company proposes to include Young creek in its high-head development. The latest plan is to divert the water from Young lake through a pipeline to Norton lake, which is to be the main equaUzing re- servoir. From Young lake the main pipeline wall be carried down the hill to the power-house situated near the mouth of Brandt creek. A dam constructed at the outlet of Young lake will provide for considerable storage. A gauging station has been established by this survey at the mouth of Young creek. The gauge readings so far have been rather irregular. A trail has now been cut from Norton lake to Young lake and it may be found better to discontinue the station at the mouth of Young creek, and establish a new one at Young lake. The erection of a cabin at Norton lake as headquarters for the gauge readers will render this plan more feasible. Discharge Measurements of Young Creek at Mouth 1912 and 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1912 Oct. 20... C. G.Cline 1,046 1,673 1,673 .. 1,673 Feet. 10-0 180 14-0 130 110 100 Sq.-ft. 10-8 21-8 1.5-4 16-4 7-75 10-8 Ft. per sec. 1-06 2-46 1-95 2-26 0-80 0-80 Feet. 2-00 1-80 1-50 1-65 103 101 Sec.-ft. 11-41 1913 June 3 H. C. Hughe.s 53-61 June 10 do 30-02 June 18 do 37-0 July 30 do 1,673 1,673 6-19 Sept. 18 F. MacLachlan 8-61 Note.— 'Old Gauge No. 1 washed out November, 1912. 'Gauge No. 2 set December 7, 1912. 144 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Monthly Discharge of Young Creek at Mouth for 1913. Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Total in acre-feet. 11-5 28-0 25-0 53-0 140-0 53-0 35-0 13-0 13-0 130-0 28-0 13-0 7-0 8-5 11-5 11-5 15-0 28-0 8-0 4-0 6-0 5-8 10-0 6-0 8-2 16-6 19-1 30-1 51-0 36-4 19-9 6-9 8-9 20-6. 14-0 10-2 504 992 1,170 1,790 3,140 2,170 Julv 1,220 424 530 1,260 833 627 140-0 4-0 20-2 14,600 1 Note. — ^Accuracy "B" and "C" Monthly Discharge of Young Creek at Mouth for 1912. Month. Discharge in Secon -Feet. Run-Off. Maximun. Minimum. !«„„„ Total in ^^^- acre-feet. 20 11-5 11 16-1 958 8 8-87 545 Note. — Accuracy "C." BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Young Creek near Mouth for 1912. October. November. D.\y. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 •. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 16-0 Feet. 1 Sec.-ft. 10-0 2 17 17 18 18 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Q 0 3 1 0 4 Gauge No. 2. 1-05 i-is' "i-is' ■■'s-os' 9 9 8 8 9 10 11 11 11 9 8 S 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 1 8 8 8 8 8 0 5 :::::::::::::::::::::::::..:::.:...: i 0 6 5 7 19 20 20 19 5 8 2-2 5 9 ■i 10 5 11 19 19 18 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 12 11 11 0 12 0 13 0 14 5 15 . . 5 16 5 17 18 . . . . . Gauge No. 1. 2-0 5 19 "li-4' 11-5 12-0 12-0 13-0 13-0 14-0 14-0 15-0 15-0 16-0 16-0 5 20 0 5 21 : 0 0 0 0 105 "iin.i' 5 23 >> s 25 0 5 26 0 0 0 0 fl 0 n 28 n 0 30 n 31 8-0 2.TF- 11 146 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Young Creek at Mouth for 1913. Day. January. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 8ec.-ft. 8-0 7-5 7-5 7-5 7 5 7-5 7-5 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-5 7-5 8-0 . 8-0 8-5 9-0 9-5 10-0 10-5 11-0 11-0 11-5 11-5 Feet. ........ ........ ■■■'i^os "'i-45' Sec.-ft. 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9-0 8-5 8-5 10-0 13-0 16-0 19-0 22 25 28 28 27 26 25 25 25 25 25 Feet. "■i-45' 1-4 ■■■■i:4' ""iis' 1-15 Sec.-ft. 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 24 23 22 21 19 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 19 17 16 14 12 11-5 11-5 11-5 11-5 11-5 „.5 Feet. "'i-is' "i^s' '"i'.i' Sec.-ft. 11-5 11-5 11-5 12 12 13 13 13 19 24 29 34 39 44 46 48 51 53 50 48 46 44 40 37 34 30 27 24 21 18 Feet. 1-25 1-3 ""2-7' ""i'.Y "'i'.j' 1-7 "1-75" ""i'.Q Sec.-ft. 15 15 16 16 17 17 50 80 110 140 120 100 80 62 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 45 46 47 48 42 35 40 Feet. ""i^s' "'i-65' ■ "i^s" "'i-65' "i-65' "i'-h" "i-55' Sec.-ft. 45 2 50 3 53 4 50 5 46 6 43 7 40 8 35 9 30 10 28 11 1-0 28 12 28 13 28 14 28 15 31 16 34 17 37 18 1-8 40 19 40 20 40 21 40 22 40 23 40 24 34 25 28 26 30 27 31 28 32 29 . . . 32 30 1-15 31 31 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 147 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Young Creek at IMouth for 1913 — Concluded. Day. July. August. September. i October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge Dis- charge. Height, charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 30 30 29 28 28 32 35 22 22 22 22 22 22 21 21 21 21 20 20 20 18 16 15 14 12 10 10 9 1 8 Feet. "1-65' "6-95' '6-95 1-0 ""[■2 "i^o' 0-9 0-9 Sec.-tt. 8-5 8-5 8-0 70 60 6-0 6-0 6-0 6-0 6-0 60 6-0 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-0 9-0 11-0 13-0 11-0 90 7-0 7-0 6-0 5-0 5-0 5-0 5-0 4-0 4-0 "5-0 Feet. ■ ' 1:2 1-2 'i^o ■"i-oi "0^99 Sec.-ft. 6-0 7-0 8-0 10-0 11-0 12-0 13-0 130 13-0 13-0 13-0 11-0 9-0 7-0 7-0 7-1 7-2 7-3 7-2 7-1 7-0 6-9 6-8 70 7-0 8-0 8-0 9-0 10-0 10-0 Feet. 101 • ••i:6' "■'2:6 1-8 1-25 '0-94 Sec.-ft. 7-3 Feet. 1 Sec.-ft. J 10 Feet. ' "1:2' Sec.-ft. 12 2 7-3 I 13 7-0 1 1 15 7-0 1 ; 17 7-0 : 1 90 13 3 13 4 13 1-5 '"i'.'e 1-4 13 6 7 8 7-0 7-0 7-0 7-0 45-0 90-0 1-5 23 28" 24 20 13 12 9 12 10 12 11 11 12 13 14 15 1-4 130-0 I 53-0 1-1 40-0 1 30-0 13 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 16 15-0 15-0 15-0 14-0 14-0 14-0 10 17 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 '6-95 10 18 10 19 20 21 1-35 10 10 10 22 13-0 1 13-0 1 13-0 , 18-0 • 100 9-0 ! 8-0 1 7-0 5-8 ' 10 23 1-25 9 24 9 25 8 26 11 7 27 7 28 6 29 '6-85' 6 30 103 6 31 80 6 MISCELLANEOUS METERING STATIONS. BELKNAP CREEK BELOW ANN LAKE. Location.- — Section 12, township 7, range 7, west of 7th meridian. Records Available. — Three meter measurements only. Winter Conditions. — Very heavy snowfall, but very little ice on the stream. Open water conditions all year. Gauge. — Gauge painted on big boulder in the stream — no gauge readings. Channel. — Bed of stream covered with rocks and boulders, giving uneven bottom but good control. Discharge Measurements.- — ^Three measurements in 1913. Accuracy. — The three measurements give accurately the discharge on the days they were taken. No gauge readings. 25f— lU 148 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Belknap Creek at Anne Lake, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. 1913 June 24 H. C. Hughes , 1673 • 1673 1673 Feet. 27 32 30 Sq. ft. 76-5 91-0 59-5 Aug. 1 Sept. 19 H.C. Hughes F. MacLachlan Mean Velocity. Gauge Height Ft. per sec. 1-76 0-91 0-50 Feet. 2-52 2-08 1-20 Discharge. Sec.-ft. 135 82-5 29-8 BRIDGE RIVER. Location. — Near Seton lake, and aljoiit 30 miles from the mouth of Bridge river. Records Available.- — One meter measurement. Gauge readings taken regu- larly since June, 1913, will be available when meter measurements have been made. Winter Conditioris.- — Open-water conditions practically all j^ear. Gauge.- — -Vertical staff gauge; readings taken twice daily since June, 1913. Channel.- — Sandy, possibility of shifting. Discharge Measurements.- — One measurement. Accuracy.- — ^Only one meter measurement taken during 1913, but a good set taken during 1914 should give accurate discharge data from the gauge records which have been kept. BRIDGE RIVER. Bridge river has its source in the mountains northwest of Lillooet, at an elevation of from 8,000 to 10,000 feet. The stream discharges into the Fraser river 4 miles north of Lillooet at an elevation of 700 feet. It is part of the Fraser drainage. The south fork enters from the south; and from the north, the north fork, Tyaughton creek and Gun creek. The 1912 provincial map (scale 17.75 miles to 1 inch) shows a drainage area of 2,400 square miles for the whole stream. About 1,900 miles of this is above the gauging station, which is near the site of the intake for the proposed hydro-electric plant. Probably a small amount of water from the river is used at the various mines. There is a good location for a hydro-electric power development on this stream, as explained below. Water from some of the smaller tributaries is used for irrigation. The precipitation during the eleven months ending April 30, 1914, was 22 inches. There is snow in the winter, but the cold is not steady and rain is frequent during the winter months. Ice forms in the upper part of the water- shed, but the stream is open practically all the j'ear at the gauging station. The station was estal)lished June 13, 1913, by one of the engineers of the Provincial Water Rights Branch, and was taken over by the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey in October, 1913. Gauge readings have Ijeen continuous since June 13, 1913. A number of branches combine about GO miles northwest of Lillooet to form Bridge river proper. The stream flows through a comparatively narrow valley surrounded by high hills and mountains. About 20 miles from Lillooet it enters a rocky canyon. A few miles above this canj^on the stream flows within 5 miles of Seton lake. The elevation of the stream at this point is about 2,800 feet, while the elevation of Seton lake is only 800 feet. This gives a difference in elevation BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SVRTET 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f of some 2,000 feet. The ridge separating the two rises to an altitude of something like 4,000 feet. A wagon road has been built from Mission, at Seton lake, over this ridge to give an entrance into the Bridge River valle3\ This route was selected in preference to that of the old pack trail which follows up the river from its mouth. Until the last year or two, comparatively little was heard of the Bridge River country. Some discoveries in mineral, however, created a mild mining boom. A few mines were opened, particularly on Gun creek, and a road was built over the divide, from Seton lake, to replace part of the old pack trail. Some of these mines are being worked at present. A few ranches have been taken up in the valley above the canyon. Most of these are not yeTy extensive as j^et, and probably do not furnish what supplies are necessary for the mines. There is some good land which has not been taken up, but the farming industry will probably never be of very great importance. Xear the mouth of the river there are some good benches which produce good crops when irrigated. On account of the proximity of Bridge river to Seton lake, and the great difference in altitude, there is a splendid chance to develop a large amount of water-power. By driving a tunnel through the intervening ridge, water could be diverted from Bridge river and convej^ed to a point on the hillside above Seton lake, whence steel penstocks could be laid to a power-house situated on the lake. Such an installation could make use of the w^hole minimum flow of Bridge river at a head of about 2,000 feet. If storage could be obtained on Bridge river, the available flow could be increased. The minimum flow of the stream has not been determined as yet, but the measurements given below show that this stream has great power possibilities. For instance, a flow of 1,000 second-feet at a 2,000-foot head would permit a development of more than 150,000 horse-power. The length of the tunnel required, however, will necessitate a large initial development, and before this could be undertaken a market for the power should be assured. The presence of the Pacific Great Eastern railwaj", which is being constructed along Seton lake, while providing good transportation, introduces certain complications. The diversion of so much water into Seton lake will call for some improvements in Seton creek, which drains the lake, in order to protect the riparian owners. The natural flow of Seton creek is being studied at present by the engineers of this surve3^ The gauging station on Bridge river is established at the bridge where the wagon road crosses the river, about 8 miles from Mission and 27 miles from the mouth of Bridge river. There is a staff gauge securelj' fastened to the timber abutment of the bridge and referenced to three bench-marks. The measure- ments are made from the upstream side of the bridge, with the meter and weight suspended on a cable. The gauge readings are taken twice a day. A rain gauge is also in use to determine the precipitation. Discharge Measurements of Bridge River, near Seton Lake, 1913. Date. Hjdrographer. Meter Xo. Width. Area of Section. Mean 1 Velocity. ! Gauge Height. Discharge. HI13 Oct. 7... ..CO. Cline and H. J. E. Keys 1C57 Feet. 159 Sq.ft. 1,050 Ft. per sec. 1-8 Feet. 2-38 Sec. -ft. 1,890 Note — Station establi.s-hed. 150 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 CAPILANO CREEK. Location. — Just above the Vancouver intake, about 6 miles from the mouth of the creek. Records Available. — Two meter measurements. Gauge readings since November, 1913, will be available as soon as sufficient meter measurements have been made. Winter Conditions. — Open water all season. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge, readings twice daily. Channel. — Rocky bed, water swift at high water. Discharge Measurements. — One meter measurement in 1909 and one in 1913. Accuracy. — When a good set of meter measurements have been taken and combined with the gauge readings, the results should be quite accurate. CAPILANO CREEK. Capilano creek rises in the mountains east of Howe sound, at an elevation •of about 2,000 feet, and discharges into Burrard inlet, north of North Vancouver, at sea-level. It has a number of unnamed creeks tributary to it. The drainage area above the Vancouver intake is estimated by the engineers of the Provincial Water Rights Branch at 55 square miles. The stream provides a water supply for the city of Vancouver and the municipalitj^ of Point Grey. The precipita- tion is probably considerably more than 100 inches per annum. Capilano creek is a swift mountain stream with clear pure water flowing from a well-timbered mountainous watershed. There is no settlement above the intake, and hence no chance for the pollution of the water. On the higher altitudes, and as low as 3,000 feet above sea-level, snow remains in large quantities throughout the whole year. This snow storage plays an important part in regulating the flow of the stream, for the snow melts in the summer and provides a good supply of water at a time when the stream would otherwise be low. The waterworks intake is some 6 miles from the mouth of the creek. There is a substantial concrete intake fitted with screens, control gates, etc. The water is conveyed in steel pipes down the valley. The pipeline crosses Burrard inlet at the First Narrows and is laid through Stanley park to connect with the citj^ mains. The municipality of Point Grey is to obtain its water supply in a similar manner. The Capilano valley is quite a resort for tourists, mountain climbers, campers and holiday and outing parties generally. There are two hotels, besides a number of refreshment booths in the summer. One of the North Vancouver car lines runs to the creek, and there are good automobile roads. The natural beauties of the stream and its canyon are a great attraction, and in fine weather large numbers of people visit the various points of interest. A considerable amount of cedar is cut in the Capilano valley. A lumber chute, several miles in length, has been built, and in this the cedar shingle bolts are sluiced down to Burrard inlet. A gauging station was established by the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey in November, 1913, to measure the flow of the stream at the waterworks intake. The gauge readings are being taken twice a day. During 1914, suffi- cient meter measurements will be made to develop a rating curve and so render the gauge readings available. One measurement was made in 1913, giving a flow of approximately 400 cubic feet per second, as shown below BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Discharge Measurements of Capilano Creek above city intakes 1909-13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1909 Aug 4 M Cleveland Feet. Sq. ft. Feet. Sec.-it. 318 1913 Nov. 6 H J. E Kevs.. 58 196 0-90 400 CHEAKAMUS RIVER. Location. — Near mouth of river, and 10 miles north of Squamish (Newport). Records Available. — One meter measurement only. Regular gauge readings commencing November 29, 1913, will be available when sufficient meter measurements have been made. Winter Conditions. — Open water all season. Gauge. — Chain gauge from highway bridge, readings dail5^ Channel. — Rocky and permanent. Discharge Measurements.- — One measurement in 1913. Accuracy. — A good set of meter measurements should give good results with the gauge readings which have been taken. CHEAKAMUS RIVER. Cheakamus river rises 40 miles north of Howe sound, near the head of Green river, at an elevation of some 2,500 feet. It discharges into the Squamish river, near Howe sound, at an elevation of about 100 feet, and forms part of the Howe sound drainage. The drainage area of the Cheakamus river, as measured from the provincial map of 1912 (scale 17.75 miles to 1 inch) is about 250 square miles. The precipitation in the Cheakamus valley is fairly heavy. There is snow in the winter, particularly in the higher altitudes. The small lakes in the headwaters freeze in the winter, but the stream itself remains pretty well open on account of the swiftness of the water. The route of the Pacific Great Eastern railway follows the Cheakamus river for some 25 miles. For part of this distance the river flows through a rocky canyon, which makes the construction of railroads and trails very difficult and expensive. Above the canyon the valley broadens out, but there is still a great deal of rock in evidence. There is considerable timber in the watershed, but there is not much good farming land. Between Summit lake and Squamish river, a distance of some 25 miles, there is a total fall of about 1.900 feet. Much of this occurs in the 5 or 6 miles of canyon. The British Columbia Power and Electric Company has applied for the right to divert 1,500 cubic feet of water per second at the canyon for power purposes, but the scheme of development does not seem to be very well defined as yet. A gauging station was established in November, 1913, by the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey, at the highway bridge near the mouth of the river. It will give the flow of the stream at that point. This is some 5 miles below the canyon, and one or two small creeks enter in that distance. If the flow through the canyon is required, it can probably be determined by applying 152 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 a suitable coefficient to the flow as given at the gauging station. A few com- parative measurements would determine the value of this coefficient. It would have been difficult to establish a suitable gauging station in the canyon, and almost inpossible to get a regular gauge reader for such a station. Discharge Measurements of Cheakamus Creek, near Mouth, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter [ Width. Area of No. 1 Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1913 Nov . 29 H. J. E. Keys 1 Feet. 1046 1 75 Sq. ft. 443 Ft. per sec. 5-97 Feet. 4-30 Sec.-ft. 2640 GREEN RIVER AT NAIRN FALLS. Location. — At Nairn falls, about 5 miles from the mouth of Green river and Agerton post office, and about 60 miles up the Pacific Great Eastern railway from Squamish (Newport). Records Available. — One meter measurement in 1913. Regular gauge readings since November, 1913, can possibly be used when sufficient meter measurements have been made. Winter Conditions.- — ^Open all year. Gauge. — ^Inclined staff gauge fastened bj'' means of holes drilled in the rock. Daily gauge reachngs. Channel. — Channel is being changed to quite an extent by railroad construc- tions along the west bank. Discharge Measurements. — One meter measurement. Accuracy. — Results will not be very accurate until the railroad construction is completed. GHEEN RIVER. Green river has its source in Green lake at an elevation of 2,080 feet. It discharges into Lillooet river near Agerton at an elevation of 700 feet, and forms part of the Harrison-Fraser drainage. Onemile creek, Sixmile cre^k and Soo river (Eightmile creek) enter from the west. The drainage areas are measured from the provincial map of 1912 (scale 17-75 miles to 1 inch). The area above the mouth is 200 square miles. Nairn falls are about 5 miles from the mouth of the river, and it is at this point that the gauging station has been established. The area above the falls is about 180 square miles. The precipitation in the Green River valley is fairly heavy, and there is a moderate snowfall in the winter. Green lake is frozen over for several months but the river being quite swift remains open. The Green River valley forms part of the route of the Pacific Great Eastern railway, which is to run from Vancouver and Newport, on the coast, through Pemberton Meadows and Lillooet to Fort George. This road follows fairly closely the old pack trail from Howe sound to Pemberton INIeadows, and during the construction of the railroad this trail was developed into a road. The com- pletion of the railroad should provide good transportation faciUtates in the valley. At the summit, between Cheakamus river and Green river, there are four lakes, two of which feed Green river. The largest of these. Green lake, is some 4 miles in length. The railroad is being built around the eastern shore, and the BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f wagon road runs on the west. The locality is quite picturesque, and there is plenty of good fishing and hunting, An enterprising pioneer has established a summer resort on this lake, and expects that it will be well patronized. Between Green lake and the mouth of the river, a distance of some 17 miles, there is a total fall of 1,400 feet. The stream is very rapid and turbulent. Two important tributaries, Soo river and Sixmile creek, enter below the lake. About 5 miles from the mouth, the river falls through a narrow rocky gorge, giving a drop of some 170 feet in less than a quarter of a mile. At this point it is proposed to develop hydro-electric power. A small intake dam would provide for the diversion of the water into a short flume and penstock, which would lead to the power-house situated below the falls. This would pro- vide for a head of about 170 feet. There would be very little pondage at the in- take. The presence of the railroad a few feet above high water would prevent the full utilization of Green lake storage. The main flow, however, comes from Soo river and Sixmile creek, and it would probably be possible to develop storage on these streams. Gauging stations were established at Green falls and at Green lake in Nov- ember, 1913. Stations were established also on the tributaries, Soo river and Sixmile creek, in March, 1914. The station at the falls gives the unregulated flow of the river at the intake site and the other three stations show the distri- bution of this flow. These stations show the amount of power available with the natural flow of the stream, and also the relative conditions of storage facilities on the tributaries. Discharge Measurements of Green River, Nairn Falls, 1913. Date Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gau?e Height. Discharge. Nov. 18.. H.J.E. KeysandC. G. Cline 1,046 Feet. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. 261 3-4 Feet. 2-1 Sec.-ft. 9181 Note. — 'Station established. GREEN RIVER AT GREEN LAKE. Location.- — At outlet of Green lake about 45 miles up the Pacific Great East- ern railway from Squamish (Newport). Records Available. — One meter measurement in 1913. Regular gauge readings since November, 1913, will be available when sufl5cient meter measure- ments have been made. Winter Conditions. — Lake freezes over, but the stream is open at the gauge. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge spiked to stringer of highway bridge; dail}' gauge readings. Channel. — Rocky channel.. Discharge Measurements.- — One meter measurement. Accuracy. — Results should be fairly accurate as soon as meter measurements are made. 154 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Green River, at Lake, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1913 Nov 23 H.. . E Kevs 1,046 Feet. 26 Sq. ft. 51-3 Ft. per sec. 3-0 Feet. 1-32 Sec.-ft. 1521 'Note. — -Station established. HIXON CREEK ABOVE BELKNAP CREEK. Location.- — Section 36, township 6, range 7, west of 7th meridian. Records Available. — Three meter measurements during 1913. Winter Conditions. — Very heavy snowfalls, but little ice in stream. Open water conditions practically all year. Gauge. — Vertical Staff. No readings. Channel.- — Bed of stream covered with rocks and boulders. Water swift at higher stages. Discharge Measurements.— Three measurements during 1913. Accuracy. — Meter measurements good. No gauge readings. Discharge Measurements of Hixon Creek above mouth of Belknap Creek, Left Fork, 1913. Date. Meter Hydrographer. No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Gauge i Velocity. Height. | Discharge. 1913 July 8 July 31 Sept. 22 ! Feet. i H.C.Hughes ' 1,673 23 do i 1,673 1 24 Sq. ft. 31-2 12-8 12-3 Ft. per sec. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1-34 1-41 1 42-1 0-71 M5 9-8 F. MacLachlan | 1,673 1 21 0-49 0-90 , 6-1 LILLOOET RIVER. Location.- — At highway bridge, near Agerton post office, about 5 miles above Lillooet lake. Records Available. — One meter measurement only. Regular gauge readings since November, 1913, may be available as soon as sufficient meter measure- ments have been taken. Winter Conditions. — The stream was frozen over at the gauging station for part of January and most of February in 1914. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge spiked to face of bridge pier. Readings dail3\ Channel. — Sandy bed. Discharge Measurements. — One meter measurement in 1913. Accuracy. — Possibility of backwater influence from Lillooet lake or of a shift- ing channel. LILLOOET RIVER. Lillooet river rises in the hills north of Jervis inlet at an elevation of from 8,000 to 10,000 feet. It discharges into Harrison lake near Port Douglas at an elevation of 40 feet, and forms part of the Harrison-Fraser drainage. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f The tributaries entering from the southwest are; Spring creek, Fire creek, Glacier creek, and Green river. The Birkenhead creek enters from the north. There are also other unnamed tributaries. The drainage areas are measured from the provincial map of 1912 (scale 17.75 miles to 1 inch). The area above the mouth is 2,200 square miles; above the lower end of Lillooet lake, 1,600 square miles; above the upper end of the lake, 1,300 square miles. The gauging station is situated about 5 miles above the lake, and the drainage area above it is about 800 square miles, or approximately one third of the total drainage. The precipitation is fairly heavy in the Lillooet valley, and no irrigation is necessary. There is considerable snow and ice above Lillooet lake, and the stream is frozen over for several months in the winter time. Lillooet river has a total length of about 100 miles. This is divided into approximately two equal parts by Lillooet lake. This lake has a length of about 20 miles and an area of 25 square miles. There is a small settlement at Port Douglas at the mouth of the river, but the more important part of the Lillooet valley lies above Lillooet lake, and is kno^vn as Pemberton Aleadows, At one time the lower Lillooet river and lake formed part of the trail to the Cariboo country. At that time Port Douglas was founded and attained consider- able importance for a while, since it was at the head of navigation on Harrison lake and river. After the building of the wagon road via Spences Bridge and Ashcroft, of course the Lillooet route was no longer used except locally. Pemberton Meadows could be reached by one of three routes. There was a pack trail from the head of Howe sound, up the Cheakamus river, across the divide and down Green river; there was a pack trail up Lillooet river from Harrison lake to Lillooet lake; and also a trail from the town of Lillooet and along Seaton and Anderson lakes, which followed down Birkenhead creek. The two former routes give access to the coast, and the latter to the interior. With the projec- tion of the Pacific Great Eastern railway, transportation facilities from the new town of Newport (Squamish) at the head of Howe sound, through Pemberton ]Meadows to Lillooet were improved, and the trail was finally developed into a wagon road. When the railroad is built by this route it will provide easy access to Pemberton Meadows, and give direct railroad connection between Lillooet and the coast. At Pemberton Meadows there is quite a block of valuable agricultural land. Good crops are grown at present on the higher ground. Hay and potatoes seem to be the principal products and considerable quantities were grown during 1913 to supply the railway camps. Previous to that time the productions were mainly for local use, on account of the cost of transportation, and more attention was paid to raising cattle and horses. With the completion of the railroad, both these industries will probably be greatly increased. A great deal of the Pemberton Meadow land is sul)ject to flooding from the Lillooet river. For several miles above Lillooet lake the stream winds through flat meadows, and has very little fall. The silt deposited bj^ the river has built up the banks of the stream above the level of the surrounding meadows. When the stream rises high enough to flood its banks the river spreads out over the farms and prevents the land being worked to the best advantage. A few small dykes have been constructed, but no general scheme of reclamation has as yet been attempted. A project is being considered at present by ranchers and others to control the river and provide for the reclamation of this land. The proposed scheme includes a lowering of the outlet of Jjillooet lake and the dredging of the Lillooet river for several miles above the lake, together with the construction of levees along both banks of the river. Partial surveys have been made for this scheme, but no start has been made on the actual construction work. In connection with this reclamation scheme the British Columbia Hydro- graphic Survey was requested to make measurements on the Lillooet river to 156 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 determine the volume of water which would have to be handled. A station was established at the highway bridge a few miles above Lillooet lake on November 16, 1913. Regular gauge readings are being taken, and a series of meter measure- ments is to be made so as to give complete records of the stream flow. Discharge Measurements of Lillooet River, near Pemberton Meadows, 1913. Date. 1 Meter Gauge Hydrographer. No. Height. | Discharge. 1913 Nov 16 Feet. I Sec.-ft. H. J. E. Kevs 1,046 1-83 1,693 ■ 1 LYNN CREEK, Location. — Above North Vancouver intake, and about 4 miles from the mouth of the creek. Records Available. — Meter measurement only. Regular gauge readings have been taken since November 3, 1913, and will be available when sufficient meter measurements have been made. Winter Conditions. — Open water all season. Gauge. — -Vertical staff gauge. Channel. — Rocky. Discharge Measurements. — One meter measurement in 1913; also one by Mr. E. A. Cleveland in 1909, which is not referred to the gauge. Accuracy. — When sufficient measurements have been made the results should be quite accurate. LYNN CREEK. Lynn creek has its source in Lynn lake at an elevation of 2,500 feet, and discharges into Burrard inlet, near North Vancouver, at sea-level. Its drainage area above the North Vancouver intake is estimated by the engineers of the Provincial Water Rights Branch as being about 17 square miles. The stream furnishes the water supply for the municipality of North Vancouver. The precipitation is probably about 100 inches. In the winter time there is snow in the higher altitudes. Lynn creek watershed lies between the lower portions of the Seymour and Capilano watersheds and directly north of North Vancouver. The watershed is mountainous and well timbered and there is considerable snow storage. The quality of the water is excellent and the streams provide a food supply for North Vancouver during most of the year. It may be necessary to provide storage as the demands of the municipality increase. A gauging station was established by the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey in November, 1913, to measure the flow of the stream at the intake. Daily gauge readings are being taken. During 1912 sufficient meter measure- ments will be made to develop a rating curve and so render the gauge readings available. One measurement was made in 1913 giving a flow of 58 cubic feet per second as shown below. BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f DiscHAEGE Measurements of Lynn Creek, above City intakes, 1913. 157 Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1909 Mr E. Cleveland Feet. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. Feet. Sec. -ft. 57 1913 Nov. 3 H. J. E. Keys . j 1,057 27 38 1-5 1-73 58-5 SEYMOUR CREEK. Location. — At the Vancouver water works intake, and about 7 miles from the mouth of the creek. Records Available. — Two measurements in 1909 and one in 1913. Regular gauge readings have been taken since November 6, 1913, and these will be available when sufficient meter measurements have been made. Winter Conditioyis.- — Open water all year. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge — readings daily. Channel. — ^Rocky — water swift at higher stages. Discharge Measurements. — One meter measurement referred to gauge, more to be taken during 1914. Accuracy.- — A good set of measurements should give accurate results. SEYMOUR CREEK. Sej^mour creek has its source in Loch Lomond (Summit lake) at an elevation of 3,300 feet, and discharges into Burrard inlet, near North Vancouver, at sea level. Its more important tributaries are Stoney creek and the East and West Forks. The drainage area above Vancouver intake is estimated by the engineers of the Provincial Water Rights Branch at 76 square miles. The water is used for supplying the city of Vancouver. Below the intake shingle bolts are floated down to Burrard inlet. The precipitation is probably over 100 inches. In the winter time there are heavy snowfalls in the hills, and snow remains in some places all the year round. The stream does not freeze over at the waterworks intake. Seymour creek is a swift mountain stream, with clear pure water flowing from a well-timbered mountainous watershed. There is no settlement above the intake, and hence no chance for the pollution of the water. On the higher altitudes, and as low as 3,000 feet above sea-level, snow remains in large quan- tities throughout the whole year. This snow storage plays an important part in regulating the flow of the stream, for the snow melts in the summer and provides a good supply of water at a time when the stream would otherwise be low. There are places, also, where artificial storage reservoirs could be made. The w^aterworks intake is situated some 7 miles from the mouth of the creek. It is a substantial timber structure, fitted with screens and control gates. At the entrance to the pipes there is a settling basin provided with regulating gates and spillways. The pipelines follow the creek valley and cross Burrard inlet there at the Second Narrows. There is a good road up Seymour creek as far as the waterworks intake. From there, there is a foot trail for several miles farther. People from Van- couver and other places often go camping and mountain climbing in the valley, but strict rules are imposed on all such to prevent contamination of the water supply. 158 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Scvmour River— Falls '> miles from the settlement of Seymour Arm, 35 feet drop. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC Sl'RTEY 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A gauging station was established in November, 1913, by the British Columbia Hydrographic Survey at the waterworks intake, and regular records of the flow of the stream are being kept. The gauge is a vertical staff attached to the face of the timber cribbing j ust above the intake opening. Meter measure- ments are made from a light cable equipment, some 200 feet above the gauge. At low water, measurements are made by wading. During 1914 sufficient measurements will be made to develop a rating curve and render the gauge readings available. In the meantime the meter measurements already taken are listed below. Discharge Measurements of Se3^mour Creek, above City intakes, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1909 Aug. 4 M. Cleveland Feet. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. Feet. Sec. -ft. 367 Aug. 16 do 21 1913 N V.6 H.J. E. Kevs ... 67 133 2-60 282 SLOLLICUM CREEK. Location. — iSTear mouth of stream below falls near Harrison lake in section 19, township 5, range 28, west of 6th meridian. Records Available. — One meter measurement only. Winter Conditions, — Open water all year. Gauge.- — No gauge. Channel. — Rocks and gravel. Discharge Measurements.- — One measurement not referred to any gauge. Accuracy. — The meter measurement merely gives the discharge on the day it was made and is of course quite accurate for such a purpose. SLOLLICUM CREEK. Slollicum creek rises near the base of Slollicum mountain on the east side of Harrison lake at an elevation of some 2,050 feet. It discharges into Cascade bay, an arm of Harrison lake, at about 40 feet above sea-level. It is part of the Harrison-Fraser drainage. There is a small lake on one of the branches of the creek. The rainfall in the Slollicum creek watershed will be considerably greater than that given by the meteorological station at Agassiz. The mean annual rainfall at Agassiz is 67 inches, so that probably at Slollicum creek there would be from 75 to 100 inches, depending on the altitude. In the winter there is quite a heavy snowball, and the stream freezes over in the upper part of the watershed. Near the mouth, however, the falls keep the stream oi)en, though masses of ice are formed by the spray. Near the mouth of the stream there is a series of very high falls, the largest of which has a drop of nearly 200 feet, and the total fall in less than half a mile is 2,000 feet. The stream is quite small, but a considerable amount of power could be developed quite cheaply on account of the high head. A meter measure- ment taken on September 17, 1913, gives a discharge of 20 cubic feet per second. 160 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 The minimum flow may be slightly less than this amount, but with a small amount of storage, probably a mean flow of 20 c.f.s. could be maintained. At 2,000 feet this would give some 16,000 horsepower. Slollicum creek is only 6 miles from Harrison Hot Springs and the St. Alice hotel. The falls are quite an attraction to the guests at the hotel, and it is a fine trip across the lake by motor launch. Discharge Measurements of SloUicum Creek , at Mouth, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Mean Section. Velocity. 1 Gauge Height. Discharge. 1913 Sept. 17 K G Chisholm 1 Feet. 1 1.055 1 14 Sq. ft. 12-6 Ft. per sec. 1-55 Feet. Sec.-ft 20 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 REPORT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY FOR 1913 CHAPTER 6 Kamloops Division — Hydrographic Data 25f— 12 161 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 CHAPTER VI. KAMLOOPS DIVISION. REGULAR METERING STATIONS. ADAMS RIVER. Location. — Section 6, toA\Tiship 23, range 12, west 6th meridian. Records Available. — 1st July to August 31 1911; 1st January to December 31, 1912; 1st January to December 31, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Partial ice conditions exist during wdnter months, but river is seldom frozen over at the gauge sufficiently to have a material effect on the accuracy of returns. Severe spells of cold weather are generally of short duration. Gauge. — A vertical staff gauge read daily by Mrs. Sturgill. On account of sluicing operations of the Adams River Lumber Company, sudden changes of gauge height due to the opening or closing of the storage dam on Adams lake probably escape the observer's notice, and consequently gauge readings may be slightly inaccurate. Channel. — The channel varies in width from 300 to 500 feet above the dam, where meterings are made. The velocities are uniform, the mean never ex- ceeding 3.0 feet per second at the measuring section. The run-off is artifi- ciall}^ controlled by a dam near the outlet of Adam's lake. Discharge Measurements. — The gauge-height-discharge curve is rated by well distributed meterings. Accuracy. — The accuracy of results attached would be very high if gauge readings could be relied upon. As pointed out above, this is an uncertain source of error. It is probable, however, that results given are for the most part within 10 per cent of the truth. It is proposed to instal a self-recording gauge at this stotion during 1914 to obviate possible difficulty from the source referred to above. ADAMS RIVER. Adams river has its source in Adams lake, at an elevation of 1340 feet and, flowing in a southerly direction, discharges into Shuswap lake near the town of Chase, at an elevation of 1,153 feet. The following tributaries enter from the west, going upstream: Bear creek. Bush creek. Pass creek, and upper Adams river; Nikwikwaia creek enters from the east. Adams river is a part of the Shuswap lake-Thompson river drainage. The drainage area, as measured from a provincial map, scale 20 miles to 1 inch, is 1,700 square miles; of this area, Adams lake constitutes 60 square miles. The water is used extensively for logging by the Adams River Lumber Company. The Upper Adams river rises in Tum-Tum lake about 80 miles north of the main line of the C.P.R. near Chase. From this lake it flows in a southerly direction for about 40 miles into Adams lake, a magnificent sheet of water, 40 miles long, a mile and a half ^vade, surrounded by high mountains. The lake rises 4 to 5 feet above its low-water level, high water taking place in June. There 25f— 12i 164 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Adams River — Adams River Lumber Company's Dam below Adams Lake. is some agricultural land around the lake, but it is sparsely settled, and if it were desirable to use the lake as a storage reservoir for water-power purposes, and retain the lake at its high-water level, no important interests would be affected. At its southerly end, Adams lake empties into Adams river, where it falls 190 feet into Shuswap lake in the short distance of 6 miles. There are large areas of valuable timber along Adams lake and its several tributaries. The Adams River Lumber Company is the largest operating com- pany. This company has constructed a dam on Adams river, about one quarter of a mile from the outlet of the lake, for log driving purposes. The dam is rock-filled, timber-cribbed, about 180 feet long and 15 feet high; it has six sluice-gates, and a fish ladder. On account of the excellent storage of Adams lake, it will be easy to con- serve the greater part, if not all, of the run-off from season to season. The total discharge of 1912 will give a good daily mean for that period; the year 1912, however, is above the normal in run-off in this localit^^, and so should not be taken as representative of an average year. The Adams River station was established June 31, 1911, by C. E. Richard- son. The measuring section is located 250 yards above the Adams River Lum- ber Company dam, and 25 yards above the old wing dam. The gauge is a vertical staff gauge (fir) 2 inches by 4 inches by 8 feet marked in feet and tenths with black paint. It is fastened to a rock-filled crib, 7 feet high, which was built to protect the gauge from logs and ice. The crib is situated in a back- eddy on the right bank, 75 yards, below the dam. The measurements are made l)y means of the following equipment: a |-inch mild steel cable is stretched across the river, 20 feet down stream a tag line of i-inch mild steel cable is stretched across and pulled taut. A boat is fastened by rope to the larger cable, and allowed to rest directly below the tag line. Measurements are made every 20 feet. This is an excellent measuring section; there is only one channel, with a permanent bed; the banks are good and the current is even. The datum of the gauge is referred to three bench-marks. BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 165 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Monthly Discharge of Adams River below Adams Lake for 1913. (Drainage area, 1,700 square miles). Month. Discharge ix Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. January February . . March .\pril Vay June July Augu-st September October ... November December. The vear . 175 160 160 160 2,290 160 2,400 160 8,300 2,290 13,800 4,400 5,900 1,050 10,300 1,0.50 4,400 910 1,270 885 2,870 1,350 1,970 250 13,800 160 160 160 658 1,521 3,484 9,710 5,0.39 3,406 3,309 1,009 1,932 824 2,601 009 0-09 0-39 0-89 2-05 5-71 2-96 2-0() 1-05 0-.59 M4 0-48 1-53 0-10 9,838 0-09 8,885 0-45 40,459 0-99 90,510 2-36 214,220 6-37 577,790 3-41 .309,840 2-31 209,420 2-18 196,900 0-68 62,040 1-27 114,960 Ooo 50,666 20-76 1,885,528 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Adams River below Adams Lake for 1913. January. February. D.\Y. Gauge Height. 1 Feet. -0-2 2 -0-3 3 . -0-3 4 -0-3 -0-3 6 -0-3 7 -0-3 8 -0-3 9 -0-3 10 -0-3 n -0-3 12 -0-3 13 -0-3 14 -0-3 15 -0-3 16 -0-3 17 -0-3 18 -0-3 19 -0-3 20 -0-3 21 -0-3 22 -0-3 23 -0-3 24 -0-3 25 -0-3 26 -0-3 27 28 -0-3 -0-3 29 -0-3 30 -0-3 31 -0.3 Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Sec.-ft. I Feet. 17'. 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 Dis- charge . Sec.-ft. 160 1 60 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 IGO 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 April. Mav. June. Gauge Dis- | Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge DLs- H eight, charge Height, charge. Height, charge. Height charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. ■< Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. I Sec.-ft. ; Feet, i Sec.-ft. 30 160 160 160 160 160 30 3-0 3-0 31 3-1 2,290 2,290 2,29') ?,400 2,400 160 31 2,400 160 31 2,400 160 -0-3 160 160 -0-3 16;) 160 -0-3 160 160 -0-3 160 160 -0-3 160 160 -0-2 175 160 -0-2 175 1,970 -0-2 175 1.970 -0-2 175 1,970 -0-2 175 1,970 -0-2 175 1,970 -0-2 175 160 -0-2 175 160 -0-2 175 160 -0-2 175 160 3-7 3,520 160 3-7 3,520 160 3-7 3,520 160 3-7 3,. 520 160 3-6 3.290 160 3-6 3,290 2,290 3-5 3,070 2,290 3-4 2,870 2 290 3-3 3-2 3-2 31 31 30 3-0 30 3-0 30 3-1 3-1 3-2 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-5 3-6 3-8 3-6 3-8 3-8 3-8 3-9 4-8 4-8 2,700 2,. 540 2,540 2,400 2,400 2,290 2,290 2,290 2,290 2,290 2,400 2.400 2,540 3,540 2,700 2,870 3,070 3,070 3,290 3,290 3,290 3,770 3,770 3,770 4,080 4,080 4,400 4,750 7,800 7,800 8,300 8,. 300 8,300 8,800 9,300 9,800 10,300 10,300 10,800 10,800 11,300 11,800 11,800 12.300 12,800 12,800 12,800 13,300 13,. 300 13,300 13,800 13,800 13,300 5,120 5,120 4,750 4,400 4,400 4,400 166 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Adams River below Adams Lake for 1913 — Concluded. July. August. September. ' Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge Height. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. ■2 3 4 5 « 7 S 9 10 11 5,000 sec.-ft. [ probab- ! ly ; mean i this period, j 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 5,900 5,6.50 5,650 5,650 5,650 5,400 5,400 5,400 5,150 5,150 5,150 1,050 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 •28 •29 .30 .31 1-6 Feet. Dis- I Gauge charge. I Height. October. November. December. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. Feet. 1,050 1,050 1,120 1,120 10,300 10,300 1,120 1,270 1,270 1,270 1,270 1,345 1,345 1,345 1,345 1,.345 3,770 3,770 5,520 5,520 3,520 3,520 3-520 5,520 5,520 5,120 5, 120 4,750 4,400 4,080 3-9 ' 4,080 40 6 I Sec.-ft. 3,770 3,770 2,870 3,770 3,770 3,405 3,070 4,400 4,080 4,080 4,080 3,770 3,770 3,645 3,645 3,520 3,520 3,520 3,520 1,820 910 3,290 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 2,870 2,700 2,700 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1,270 1,270 1,200 1,200 1,200 Feet. Sec.-ft. i Feet. 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,090 1,090 1,035 985 985 935 935 935 935 935 935 885 885 885 885 835 935 935 935 935 935 935 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-3 3-3 3-3 2-9 2-9 1,435 1,435 1,435 1,435 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,350 1,645 1,645 1,535 1,535 1,535 1,535 1,535 ii,870 2,870 2,870 2,870 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,180 2,180 2,180 2,180 2,070 2,070 2,070 Sec.-ft. 1,970 1,970 1,970 1,870 1,870 1,870 1,770 1,770 1,670 1,670 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 1,050 1.050 BARNES CREEK, NEAR ASHCROFT. Location of Station. — Section 11, township 20, range 24, west 6th meridian, about 5 miles southeast of Ashcroft, and just above Barnes lake. Records Availahle.— April 26, 1912, to September 14, 1912; May 1, 1913, to December 14, 1913. Winter Conditions.— Light snowfall and short periods of severe cold. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge 5 feet in height, referred to bench-marks. Gauge readings have been taken daily during the irrigation season by John Smith, Ashcroft. Channel. — The stream is straight for about 100 feet above the measuring section and for 50 feet below it. The water is swift and is well confined by the bridge approaches. Discharge Measurements. — ^Measurements are made by wading at the downstream side of the traffic bridge. Accuracy. — Results as shown are accurate, as fair conditions for metering and gauge readings existed. BARNES CREEK. Barnes creek (sometimes called Pennies or Penneys creek) has its source in the hills east of Ashcroft, at an elevation of 4,000 feet. It discharges into the Thompson river from the south, 4 miles east of Ashcroft, at an elevation of 900 feet, and is part of the Thompson River drainage. The drainage area BRITISH COLUMBIA EYDROGRAPHIC SLRTEY 167 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f above the mouth is 38 square miles, and above the gauging station it is 35 square miles. The water is used for irrigation. It is a contentious stream, almost drying up in July and August. It lies in the dry belt, with a mean annual precipitation of about 9 inches. The summers are hot and dry, and the winters cold and drj-. Barnes creek is about 12 miles long, about 12 feet ^vide, and its depth varies from 0-5 foot at low water to 1 -7 foot at high water. Its mean velocity at high water is 3-5 feet per second. The discharge fluctuates from practically zero in the winter to a maximum of about 50 or 60 cubic feet per second in the spring freshet during the middle of Ma3\ Then it declines rapidly until it becomes as low as from 3 to 4 second- feet about July 1, and all through the month. In the fall it rises for a short time, then recedes as winter and the cold weather comes in. Water is diverted from Barnes creek near the headwaters, and is stored in the Twin lakes for use, near Walhachin. There is another diversion to Barnes lake. From Barnes lake the water may be returned to Barnes creek, for use farther down the stream, or it may be run into Nelson creek for use in that direction. Usually there is a shortage of water on Barnes creek. But in 1912 Barnes lake filled and over-flowed and the water users were forced to ask that water be diverted to Twin lakes, though thej^ had previously taken out an injunction against it. The gauging station on Barnes creek is 200 j^ards above Barnes lake and 5 miles southeast of Ashcroft, B.C. It was estabhshed April 26, 1912, by C.G. Cline, and daily gauge readings were taken till the end of the irrigation season. The gauge is situated 150 feet above the first highway bridge over the main stream above Barnes lake. It is a 5-foot staff gauge nailed to a small tree on the right bank of the creek. The measurements were made by wading at the downstream side of the bridge. The stream is straight for about 100 feet above the measuring section, and for 50 feet below it. The water is swift. The road has been built up to form the approaches to the bridge, and there is no danger of overflow. There is onty one channel, which is about 6 inches deep at ordinary low water. The river just below the gauge should be examined occasionally to see that brush and logs do not collect on it and so back the water up on the gauge. This station gives the whole flow of the stream except what is diverted into the Twin lakes, near the headwaters of the stream, by the British Columbia Horticultural Estates of Walhachin. Monthly Discharge of Barnes Creek above Barnes Lake, for 1913. (Drainage area, 38 square miles). Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Rdn-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet May June July August September October November. D?cember.. 13-2 16-S 13-3 .5 -7 2-4 3-6 3-4 0-35 0-I4 0-35 015 0-06 0-10 0-09 0-40 0-49 U-40 017 0-07 Oil 0-10 812 1,000 SIS 3oO 143 211 202 2'5fi Estimated 168 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Barnes Creek above Barnes lake, for 1913. Date Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area Oi Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 2.. June 13. . Aug. 14.. K. G. Chisholm do do 1,055 1,055 1,055 Feet. 7-5 Sq. ft. \ Ft. per sec. 5-0 4-95 3-75 1-05 M6 1-09 Feet. 0-43 0-45 0-40 Sec.-fc. 5-3 5-7 41 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Barnes Creek above Barnes lake^ for 1913. May. June. DAT. Gauge Dis- Gauge Height, charge. Height. Dis- charge. 2 0-45 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-45 0-4 0-4 0-6 0-7 0-65 0-6 0-6 0-55 0-6 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0-6 17 0-6 18 0-65 0-65 0-75 0-7 0-75 0-75 0-75 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-65 0-65 0-6 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feet. Sec.-ft. 5 5 4 4 4 Feet. 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-55 0-55 0-5 0-5 0-5 0.5 0-5 0-5 0-45 0-45 •45 0-45 0-6 0-6 0-55 0-55 0-55 0-55 0-75 1-00 0-95 0-95 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 Sec.-ft. 12 12 12 10 10 7 7 7 7 7 7 5 5 5 5 12 12 10 10 10 10 23 44 40 40 35 35 35 35 35 12 L BRITISH COLUMBIA ETDROGRAPHIC SURTEi^ 169 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Barnes Creek above Barnes lake, for 191^— Concluded. Julv. August. November. December. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge i Dis- Gauge DL^- Gauge Dis- Heieht. charge. Height, charge. Height, charge. Height. | charge. I Height. I charge.! Height. 1 charge. 1 Feet. 0-9 2 0-85 3 0-8 4 0-8 0 0-75 6 0-75 7 0-7 8 0-7 9 0-6 10 0-6 n 0-7 12 0-7 13 0-7 14 0-65 15 0-65 16 0-65 17 0-6 18 0-6 19 0-.5o 20 0-5 21 0-5 0-4 23 0-4 0-4 25 0-4 26 0-4 27 0-4 28 0-4 29 0-3 30 0-3 31 0-3 Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. I Sec.-ft. 35 31 27 27 23 23 19 19 12 12 19 19 19 15 l.i 15 12 12 10 7 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-35 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-6 0-7 0-7 0-65 0-6 0-6 0-55 0-55 0-5 0-45 U-4 0-4 0-35 C-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 (!-3 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 5 0-35 3 4 0-35 3 1 4 0-35 3 3 0-35 3 1 2 0-35 3 2 0-35 0-4 Feet. Sec.-ft. I Feet. Sec.-ft. 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 35 3 0-4 35 3 0-4 35 3 0-4 35 3 0-4 35 3 0-4 35 3 0-4 4 4 0-4 4 4 0-4 4 4 0-35 4 4 0-35 4 4 0-35 4 4 0-35 4 4 0-35 4 4 0-35 4 4 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 bolean creek. Location. — Section 9, township 18, range 12, west Gth ^Meridian. Records Available. — May 23 to December 31, 1911; January 1 to September 16, 1912; April 27 to September 19, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Not very severe. Stream sometimes remains practic- ally open all winter. Gauge.- — ^Vertical staff gauge read daily by Clement Stickney. Channel. — The bed is of sand and gravel, the channel being about 25 feet in width. Flow varies from a recorded minimum of 6 second-feet (March 16, 1912) to a maximum of 412 second-feet (May 16 1912.) Discharge Measurements. — Nine discharge measurements have been made, but the curve is not very well defined. Accuracy.- — Accuracy of results appended is low, but they are probabl}- within 15 per cent of obtaining conditions. 170 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 fJEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Bolean Creek, near Slahaltkan, for 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area o( Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911. May 23 June 16 \V. M. Carlyle 1,044 1,044 1,044 1,044 1,044 1,048 1,048 1,057 1,057 Feet. 24 Sq. ft. 58-5 Ft. per sec. 3-15 2-63 2-5 Feet. 2-2 1-95 Sec.-ft. 183 do 24 1 48-4 15>7 July 12 26 do 23 17 16 25 23 21 28 34-6 15-1 11-8 61-2 518-9 27-1 29-3 1-81 ! 87 do 1-34 1 1-24 ' 120-3 Aug. 2 do 0-86 1 1-02 i 10-1 1912. May 13 July 16, 1913. April 23 June 18 C. E. Richardson do 4-3 1-66 2-10 2-80 2-55 1-39 1-68 2-10 262-9 31-4 H. J.E. Iveys do 57 82 DTE. — 1 New section. Monthly Discharge of Bolean Creek River near Slahaltkan for 1913. (Drainage area, 80 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-Opf. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. May . . . June . . . July . . . August 292 272 179 39 161 151 67 24 2-02 1-89 0-84 0-30 2-33 2-11 0-97 0-35 9,900 8,980 4,120 1,480 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 171 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Bolean Creek near Slahaltkan for 1913. Day. Feet. ! Sec.-tt. ' Feet. Sec.-tt. j Feet. 1 1-6 , 44 1-6 44 1 • 55 39 1 • 53 37 1-5 34 1-57 41 1-fi 44 1-5 34 1-45 30 1-47 32 1-57 41 1-67 51 21 110 2-45 2-52 2- 3" 2-3 179 195 190 161 147 2-3 147 2-35 157 2-37 161 1 2-3 147 2-4 167 2-45 179 2-47 183 2-n 214 2-75 251 2-85 278 2-87 284 2-9 292 2-87 284 2-8 264 2-7 238 2-83 272 Sec.-ft. 272 272 256 231 221 190 161 190 183 157 147 128 138 110 110 123 115 105 115 1.53 115 128 105 119 123 123 123 115 172 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Dischakges of Bolean Creek near Slahaltkan for 1913 — Concluded. Day. Gauge 1 Dis- Height. j charge. Gauge Dis- Gauge Height, charge. Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 2-07 2-03 1-9 1-85 1-77 1-7 Sec.-ft. 105 Feet. 1-43 Sec.-ft. 28 24 28 23 23 23 23 34 32 28 23 23 23 23 24 23 26 32 39 32 26 23 23 23 23 20 17 17 14 14 14 Feet. 1-2 Sec.-ft. 14 2 98 1 1-37 79 1-43 73 ! 1-35 60 1-35 54 I 1-35 M5 12 3 , 1-2 14 4 1-3 20 5 1-3 20 6 1-25 17 7 1-65 1 49 1 1-35 1-23 1-2 1-25 1-2 1-15 1-15 115 1-15 1-15 16 8 1-63 1-6 1-65 1-93 1-85 1-95 2-45 2-27 2-17 2-07 1-97 1-87 1-77 47 1-5 . 44 1-47 49 1-43 83 1 1-35 73 1-35 86 1-35 14 9 17 10 11 14 12 12 12 13 12 14 179 141 123 105 89 75 fiO 1-35 1-37 1-35 1-4 1-47 1-55 1-47 1-4 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-3 1-25 1-25 1-2 1-2 1-2 12 15 12 16 1-15 12 17 115 1-2 1-15 12 13 14 19 12 20 21 1-67 51 1-65 49 1-6 44 1-52 36 1-5 34 23 25 26 1-45 1-4 1-4 1-55 1-53 30 26 26 39 37 27 . 28 ^. 30 31 1-47 1 32 1 BONAPARTE RIVER NEAR ASHCROFT. Location. — Section 5, township 21, range 24, west 6th Meridian. Records Available. — June 10 to November 6, 1911; March 25, to December 22, 1912; April 1 to December 31, 1913. Winter Conditions. — A short and often severe winter witli very light snowfall. Ice conditions usually exist during January and Februarj'. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge. Daily readings by H. Collins during the open season. Channel. — The channel is about 50 feet in width and is straight for several hundred feet above and below the gauge. The control is good. Discharge Measurements. — -Measurements are made by wading in low water and by the "cable carrier" method in high water. Six well distributed measure- ments were obtained in 1913. Accuracy. — The accuracy of the results obtained on this stream is high. The gauge height discharge curve is well defined and gauge readings were care- fully taken. General. — During 1913, the timber rock-fill dam on the Bonaparte river (of the Ashcroft Water, Electric and Improvement Company) failed, and the power plant has since been out of commission. BRITISH COLUMBIA H7DR0GRAPHIC SURVEY 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f BONAPARTE RIVER, The Bonaparte river rises in Bonaparte lake at an elevation of 3,800 feet, and discharges into Thompson river, near Ashcroft, at an elevation of 970 feet. Hat creek and INIaiden creek (Graves creek) flow in from the west, and Cache creek and Scottie creek from the east. The drainage area is 2,000 square miles. The water is used for irrigation and for water-power. An attempt was made at the power plant of the Ashcroft Water, Electric and Improvement Company to pump water to the Boston flat by means of power obtained from the river, but owing to the high head to which it was necessary to lift the water, the scheme was not successful, since a large flow of water was required to supply the power. The Bonaparte flows into the Thompson at Ashcroft, and drains a large watershed Ij'ing between the Fraser and the North Thompson. At the head waters of several of its branches there are lakes var^dng in elevation from 2,000 to 3,000 feet. Of these, Bonaparte lake is the largest, being about 10 miles long and 2 miles ■u-ide. Near Ashcroft the Bonaparte has worn a canyon and flows through it for 3 miles or so. The power-house which formerly supplied Ashcroft with power and light is situated near the upper end of this canj^on. There are other sites in the canyon, but it is doubtful if there will be much more power development on the stream because of the demand for water for irrigation. This power plant was out of commission in 1913, from a washout which took place in the spring. Below the canyon there is some good land. The bottom land is being cul- tivated and irrigated, but the higher benches are arid. About 6 miles from the mouth of the river the valley widens out, and for 15 miles there is a fine stretch of good country. The Cariboo road runs up the valley, and a good deal of the land was taken up in the early days of the province. Even now it is the traffic on this road to Fort George and the northern interior that is the largest factor in the prosperity of the Bonaparte valley. The passengers are carried by auto- mobiles, and make the run through to the boat landing at Soda creek on the Upper Fraser in one day. But the freighting is still done entirety by horses and wagons. These outfits travel about 20 miles a da}^ and furnish a good market for ha}' and oats. The Bonaparte valley is in the dry belt. During the growing season there is almost continuous sunshine, with very little rain (8 or 10 inches). As a con- sequence nothing will grow without irrigation. But the soil is naturally rich, and when water is supplied, the growth is rapid. At present most of the lower land in the Bonaparte and tributary valleys is under cultivation, and the water supply is about sufficient under the present methods of irrigation. There is much good land on the higher benches and in the SemUn valley and Boston flat which could be irrigated by a long flume from the Bonaparte river. There is sufficient water in the river if the storage on the lakes is utilized, and by constructing one system to serve all, the price per acre would not be excessive. Potatoes do exceptionally well on this land, and Ashcroft potatoes have quite a reputation and bring the highest prices. In the summer, large herds of cattle feed on the good pasturage back on the hills, but they must be fed during the winter, and this makes good market for hay, so that even now the Ashcroft district is a good farming country, and could be made much better by an extensive irrigation system. Twenty miles from the mouth, the wagon road leaves the Bonaparte valley and climbs to the plateau. This is quite near the boundary of the Railway Belt, so that the best part of the valley is inside this l)clt. North of the boundary the altitude is higher, the precipitation somewhat heavier, and there is more timber. It is in this part of the watershed that all the lakes lie. There is splendid fishing in many of them, and Indians go up there every fall in large numbers to catch fish for the winter. The Cariboo road does not touch the mairi stream outside the Railway Belt, and the only means of travelling is by pack trains. 174 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 The gauging station on the Bonaparte is at Mr. J. G, Collin's ranch, about 6 miles from the mouth of the stream. It is above the Ashcroft power-house and not far from the upper end of the canj^on. The gauge is a five-foot vertical staff nailed to some small trees on the right bank of the stream at Collin's house. It is referred to three bench-marks so that any change of elevation can be detected and corrected. The meter measurements are made at a section about 100 feet above the gauge, where a wire has been stretched across the stream. At high water a carrier is put on this wire and the meter suspended from it by a cable. At low and medium stages the measurements are made at the same section by wading. The channel above the section is straight for 100 feet, and the water is SA\aft. Below the section the channel is straight for 150 feet, and the water swift, though obstructed by one or two boulders. The right bank is 2 feet high, with a fringe of bushes and small trees, at very high stages the water might rise into the bushes. The left bank is 4 feet high and covered with bushes and trees. There could be only one channel even at high water. The bed of the stream is rocky and the water about 2 feet deep at ordinary stages. At the highest stages it is impossible to wade it. At very low water it might be necessary to remove a few shovelfuls of mud to keep open the communication between the little pool in which the gauge is placed and the main stream. At ordinary stages the gauge is in the main stream itself. Discharge Measurements of Bonaparte River at CoUin's Ranch, for 1913 Date. Hydrographer Mean Gauge Velocity. Height. Ft. per sec. Feet. 4-35 2-96 3-63 2-30 4-30 2-81 4-65 2-99 2-87 1-76 1-67 1-09 Discharge. April 25 I Chisholm & Cline May 3 [ do do May 19 I E.G. Chisholm May 27 do July 31 do Oct.' 3 1 do Sec.-ft. 1667 415 664 745 2233 85 Note. — ^ Cable measurement. 2 Wading measurement. Monthly Discharge of Bonaparte River at Colliu's Ranch for 1913. (Drainage area, 2,000 square miles.) Mo.NTH. Discharge in Second-Feet. Rdx-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Depth Per in inches square on mile. Drainage area. acre-feet. April May June July August September October. . . November December. 680 655 540 245 145 124 115 105 124 340 340 230 145 80 72 SO 72 408 553 486 399 184 104 106 100 86 0-20 0-28 0-24 0-20 009 0 05 005 005 0-04 0-22 0-32 0-27 0-23 010 006 006 006 005 24,278 34,003 28,919 24,534 11,314 6,188 6,518 5,950 5,288 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 175 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Bonaparte River 5 miles from mouth for 1913. March. April. May. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge, j Height . charge. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. Sec. -ft. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1-25 1-25 1-14 31 1.14 Feet. Sec. -ft. Feet. 3 124 3 124 3 124 3 124 3 124 3 124 35 1.35 35 135 4 145 15 360 325 260 275 275 340 475 540 630 780 885 830 780 730 607 562 495 455 Sec.-ft. I Feet. 2-85 360 340 360 415 495 495 517 540 540 585 562 562 607 607 630 630 630 680 680 730 730 680 680 655 2-75 2-7 2-65 2-6 2-5 2-45 2-4 2-4 2-35 2-3 2-25 2-2 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-25 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-6 Sec.-ft. 455 2-85 655 435 2-85 655 415 2-8 630 397 2-8 630 380 2-75 607 607 585 562 540 495 475 455 455 435 415 397 380 340 340 380 397 380 380 380 380 415 540 540 585 540 176 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Dischaeges of Bonaparte River 5 miles from mouth for 1913 — Concluded. Day. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 July. August. Gauge Dis- I Gauge ( -Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 540 495 540 517 495 475 475 455 455 435 415 387 415 435 475 495 455 435 415 415 380 360 340 310 292 260 245 245 230 230 230 Sec.-ft. 215 202 190 190 190 178 178 178 166 166 166 166 178 178 166 166 178 190 202 215 245 245 215 190 178 178 166 166 155 155 1-4 September. Gauge Height. Feet. October. November. December. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Sec.-ft. 145 135 135 124 124 124 115 115 115 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 96 96 87 87 96 96 96 96 87 87 87 87 80 80 Dis- i Gauge charge. I Height. Dis- i Gauge charge Height. Feet. Sec.-ft 1-05 1-0 105 M 11 M 11 11 M5 115 M5 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-25 1-25 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-25 1-25 1-25 1-25 1-25 1-2 105 105 105 115 115 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 115 115 115 115 115 Feet. I Sec.-ft. 105 105 105 105 115 115 115 115 105 105 105 105 96 96 96 115 115 96 87 82 80 80 87 96 87 87 79 87 105 115 Feet. 1-0 Dis- charge . Sec.-ft. 105 96 96 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 79 79 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 79 105 96 75 72 72 72 72 BRITISH COLUMBIA nYDROCrRAPHW SURVEY 177 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f CAMPBELL CREEK. Location. — Section 22. township 19, range 16, west 6th meridian. Records Available. — ^lav 27 to October 4, 1911: April 1 to September 16, 1912; May 1 to August 31, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Creek is usually frozen up during December, Januarj-, and Februar}' and there is little or no run-off in November and March. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge read daily by A. Holt. Channel. — The channel is about 15 feet wide at the gauge. Flow varies from zero to a maximum of 48 second-feet (recorded on May 28, 1912). Discharge Measurements. — The curve for 1913 is poorly defined, having only three meterings. A shifting channel at the gauge section was a source of considerable trouble. Accuracy.- — The returns for 1911 and 1912 are of high accuracy, but results for 1913 are poor, and xqvx little reliance can be placed upon them. They are probabh^ within 20 per cent of the truth. CAMPBELL CREEK. The right branch of Campbell creek rises in the Campbell meadows at an elevation of 2,200 feet: the stream discharges into the South Thompson at an elevation of 1,140 feet. Campbell creek is in the eastern portion of the dry belt, the annual precipitation at the mouth being from 8 inches to 10 inches, and at the headwaters from 12 inches to 15 inches. Campbell creek is a very contentious irrigation stream. The Hydrographic survey has two stations on it, one at Todd's Corners and the other at the Campbell Estate at the mouth. The latter for the purpose of making a study of seepage loss. A slight decrease in discharge is found between the two stations, a portion of the flow of Cam])b{'ll creek joining the Thompson river as underground water. The upper reaches of the creek are well timbered with British Columbia fir, jack pine and spruce, and there are large lakes at the head of Campliell creek proper. These lakes are Trapp, Shumway, and Napier. Their sujier- ficial area is large, and evaporation in this dry country is great. In the season of 1911 the run-off from these lakes was nil, all Campbell creek water coming down Scuittoe creek (the right branch of Campbell creek) from the Cami)l)ell meadows. The lakes are unreliable for storage purposes. The Campl)ell estate holds the prior records on this stream, and controls practical^ the whole flow of Campbell creek. The Campbell estate has constructed a small dam on Campbell meadows, where water is stored and is used in the late summer for irrigation. At the height of the irrigation season (June 7) the two diversions above the station at Todd's ('orners were carrying 4.5 second-feet; at no time did they exceed this amount, which is about their mean flow for the irrigation season. The daily flow of Campbell creek, especially in the late summer, is not the true normal discharge of the stream but depends upon the artificial control of the storage reservoir. The station at Todd's Corners was established on ]\Iay 27, 1911, l)y C. E. Richardson, and daily gauge readings were taken during the irrigation seasons of 1911, 1912 and 1913. It is located at the highway bridge on the Kamloops- (Irand Prairie road. The gauge is a 5-foot standard vertical staff gauge, and is in a pool at the right side of the stream just below the bridge. In high water, measurements of the flow are made from the bridge, and in low water, by wading below the l^ridge. The Creek runs through a meadow but the banks are well defined and there is no danger of overflow. 25f— 13 178 DEl'ARTMEST OF THE ISTEHlOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 The station at the Campbell estate is at the mouth of a canyon one quarter of a mile above the Kamloops-Ducks highway. The gauge is a standard vertical staff securely wedged in the rocks at the right bank of the stream. Measurements are made by wading, the channel being well confined in high rocky banks, and the bed being very rough and rocky. Three bench- marks are located at each station and referred to the gauge datum. Gauge readings were taken at this station from May 25 to September 20, 1911, and from May 10 to September 1, 1912. Discharge Measurements of Campbell Creek, near Todd's Corners, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Mav 3... May 3... May 29... .. H. I.E. Keys do 1,057 1,057 1,057 Feet. \ 16 Sq.-ft. 1^7 16 1^49 Ft. per sec. 5^8 5^7 1^5 Feet. 103 1^03 1^68 Sec. -ft. 9-65 916 do 22^4 Note. — Gauge Reader — A. Holt. Monthly Discharge of Campbell Creek near Todd's Corners for 1913. Month. DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Run Off. Maximum. Mean Minimum. Per square mile. Mean. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in ncre-feet. Mav 23^7 24^8 139 8^8 6^8 10^6 ■05 •08 ■05 ■03 •06 ■09 ■06 ■03 652 10^2 8^2 5^5 159 10^3 69 946 Julv 633 424 Note. — There are some diversions tor irrigation in the upper watershed not included in these figures. niuTisH rou'MBiA nyi)h'(K;h'\rn ir si rvhy 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily CJauge Heights and Discharges of Campbell Creek near Todtl's Corners for 1913. Date. May June. July. I Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- 1 Height.' charge. Height. | charge Height, charge. August. Gauge I Dis- Height . I charge . Feet. 0-8.5 0-86 0-95 1-16 113 105 0-98 1-00 1-00 1-02 105 1-05 105 0-98 0-95 0-92 0-92 0-90 0-87 0-85 Sec.-ft. 7-1 7-2 8-1 111 10-6 9-5 8-6 8-8 8-8 91 9-5 9-5 9-5 8-6 8-2 7-8 7-8 7-6 7-3 71 0-92 6-8 0-87 7-3 105 9-5 117 11-2 1-26 12-8 1-25 12 -fi 1-32 13-9 1-41 15-7 1-53 18-4 1-72 23-4 1-73 23-7 Feet. 1-74 1-73 1-77 1-65 lol 1-47 1-42 I- 30 1-.50 1-48 1-.57 1-52 1-.50 1-47 1-45 1-.50 1-45 1-45 1-45 1-50 1-30 1-20 112 1-15 117 115 MO MO MO 115 Sec.-ft. 24-0 23-7 24 -S 21-4 17-9 17-0 15-9 13-5 17-7 17-3 19-4 18-2 17-7 17-0 16-6 17-7 1(5-6 Ifi.fi 16-t) 17-7 13-5 11-7 10-5 U-O 11-2 11 0 10-2 10-2 10-2 11-0 Feet. 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1 • 20 1-20 115 MO 1()2 0 i)5 1-02 115 1-25 1-30 1-32 1-20 0-98 0-96 1-00 1-00 l-()5 110 1 ■ 10 MO 11(1 1-os 1-02 1-00 1-00 1-00 0-96 Sec.-ft. 11-7 11-7 11-7 11-7 11-7 11-7 110 10-2 91 8-2 9-1 11-0 120 13-5 13-9 Feet. 0-9 10 1-0 10 10 0-9 0-87 10 0-97 0-92 0-86 0-85 0-85 0-82 0-82 11-7 0-82 8-6 0-80 8-3 0-80 8-8 0-77 8-8 0-77 9-5 0-75 1 10-2 0-75 10-2 0-72 10-2 0-72 10-2 0-72 9-9 0-72 9-1 0-72 8-8 0-72 8-8 0-67 8-8 0-65 8-3 0-65 Sec.-ft. 7-6 8-8 8-8 S-S 8-8 7fi 7-3 8-S 8-4 7-S 71 71 fi-8 6-8 6-8 (i-() ()•() 6-4 ()-4 t)-2 (i-2 ()■() GO 6-0 (iO ()-0 6-0 5 •(> CHERRY CREEK. Location. — Section 34, township 19, range 19, west 6th, meridian. Records Available. — ^June 5 to September 1, 1911: April 24 to Sept(>mber 15, 1912: April 19 to October 19, 1913. Winter Cojtdition.s. — Stream is generally dry during October, Xovemi)er, December, January, and February. Winter conditions are not usually very severe. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge read daily by Henry Cornwall. Channel. — The channel is about 10 feet wide. The maximum recorded flow was 200 section-feet, caused by the failure of a dam on Chuhwhels lake. The normal maximum is uncertain owing to the fact that the flow is artificially controlled. Discharge Measurements. — H has been necessary to make numerous meterings, as continuous trouble has been met on account of the constant shifting of the stream-bed and washing out of gauges. Accuracy. — The accuracy of results appended, on account of conditions mentioned above, is low. Returns, especially during high water, may ])e in error to 20 ])er cent. CHERltV CREEK. Cherry creek has its source in the hills south of Kamloops lake, at an elevation of 3,800 feet, and discharges into Kamloo])s lake, at an elevation of 1,120 feet. It is part of tlic Thompson drainage: the r lake and Cornwall lake, which have not been dammed as yet. These lakes, however, are so far upstream that their catchment basins are small, and only a little water can be conserved, the reservoirs rarely filling to their capacity. Cherry creek is greatly over-recorded; the many records on the creek call for over 4,400 miners inches, or over 120 second-feet, while the mean flow of recent years has been less than 10 second-feet during the whole irrigation season. To further increase the water supply of the Cherry Creek district, records were taken out by Cherry creek interests to divert water from Big Fish and Face lakes, which lakes are part of the Guichon drainage area, flowing southerly into the Nicola district. It is proposed to divert the water of these lakes across the divide and in a northerly direction of the Beaton and Cherry Creek estates: (for further information see remarks on Greenstone creek.) On May 15, 1912, during the freshet, the storage dam on Chuhwhels lake failed and washed out the gauge and the channel, too, was entirely altered. The dam was rebuilt in the summer of 1914. The river station on Cherry creek was established June 5, 1911, b}' W. M. Carlyle. The measuring section is located above all diversions on the Kensington ranch, just beside the gauge. The gauge is fastened about 100 feet above the Cornwall diversion on the right bank. The gauge was washed out by the above mentioned dam failure, and a temporary one was located to <'omprete the year 1912. All the measurements are made by wading; this would make an excellent measuring section, but for the possibility of seepage. The control is good, the current uniform, the banks high, and there is only one channel. The datum of the gauge is referred to three bench-marks. BRITISH COLIJIBIA lU DnOGRAPHIC SURVEY 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Discharge Measurements of Cherry Creek at Kensington Ranch, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Mean Section. Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 1... . . H. J. E. Key June 9 do June 12... do July 17... do Aug. 6... do Sept. 4... do 1,057 1,057 1,057 1,057 1,057 1,057 Feet. Sq -ft. Ft. per sec. 70 2-9 21 8-0 41 2-7 60 2-4 1-5 50 2-2 2-9 4-5 2-4 4-9 Feet. 0-33 0-52 0-4 0-07 0-02 0-36 Sec.-ft. '6-2 10-9 3-5 16-3 211-7 3-5 Note. — 'New Gauge. -Dififerent section. ^Estimated. Gauge Reader-Henry Cornwall. Stream bed shifted in freshets and new gauges had to be installed and new rating tables constructed. Monthly Discharge of Cherry Creek at Kensington Ranch for 1913. (Drainage aiea 33 square miles). Month. DlSCH.\BGE IN SbCOND-FeET. Maximum. Minimum 34 40 46 0-2 41 3-4 30-7 0-6 0-6 0-3 Mean. Per square mile. Run-off. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. M«y June July Anguet September 18-7 7-5 20-5 4-9 0-5 0-57 0-23 0-62 015 0-02 0-66 0-26 0-71 017 0-02 1,150 446 1,260 301 29 Note. — This stream is controlled by dams on the lakes near its source. The station is above all diversions. 182 Df:i'Anr.][i:\T of the ixtertor 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Cherry Creek at Kensington Ranch for 1913. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ... 19 1 -7 1-8 1-9 1-8 1 -75 1-75 1 -7 7-2 20 11-5 21 16-0 22 11-5 23 9-3 24 9-3 25 7-2 26 7-2 27 7.9 28 7-2 29 30 7-2 7-2 31 ■65 56 0^ •65 5^6 0^ •65 56 0^ •62 46 0^ •62 4^6 0- •62 4-6 0^ •60 4^0 0- ■67 6^2 0^ ■82 12-4 0- ■17 30-2 0^ ■8 34 0 0^ ■8 34^0 0^ •75 .30-5 0^ ■72 27^8 0- ■68 24-3 0^ ■65 21-6 0- ■6 17-3 n^ ■62 19^0 0^ ■62 190 0^ •62 190 0^ •62 19^0 0^ •62 19^0 0^ •68 24-3 0^ •68 24^3 0^ ■72 27^8 0^ •72 27^8 0^ •7 26^0 0^ •68 243 0^ •65 21^6 0^ •62 190 0^ •59 165 Sec.-ft. 13 11 9 9 8 BRITISH rOLVMIUA IlYnh'OdRAPH/C SI RVr.Y 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Cherry Creek at Kensington Rjinch for 1913.^ — Continued. Day. Ju y. August . September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. 1 P'eet. 1-0 0-08 0-05 0-05 0-0 0-07 0-05 0 15 0-15 0-15 0-15 0-15 0-15 0-0 0-03 0-15 0-17 0-13 0-13 0-18 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-28 0-28 0-3 0-3 0-38 0-35 0-35 0 15 Sec.-ft. .50-0 16-6 14-2 14-2 10-5 6-8 14-2 13-4 13-4 13-4 3-4. 3-4 3-4 10-5 8-8 22-2 24-8 20-5 20-5 24-8 26-5 26-5 26-5 32-5 32-5 .35-0 35-0 410 39-2 39-2 22-2 Feet. 0-1 Sec.-ft. 18-0 Feet. Sec.-ft. 0-35 ' 0-6 Feet. 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-38 0-38 0-4 0-4 0-41 0-41 0-41 0-45 0-45 0-45 0-45 0-45 0-4.5 0-46 0-46 Sec.-ft. 0-3 9 0-0 10-5 0-1 i 4-7 0-25 1 1-4 0-1 4-7 0-0 10-5 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-35 0-3.5 0-35 0-35 06 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-() 0-6 0-6 0-() 0-6 Oti 0-6 0-fi 0-3 3 0-3 4 0-4 5 0-3 6 '. 0-3 7 8 0-0 0-0 01 0-1 0-1 0-05 0-2 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-25 0-25 0-25 0-3 0-3 0-32 0-32 0-.32 0-13 0-0 10-5 10-5 4-7 4-7 4-7 7-fi 2-1 (1-8 0-8 0-8 1-4 1-4 1-4 0-8 0-8 0-7 0-7 0-7 2-9 10. ."i 0-3 0-3 9 10 0-3 0-3 11 0-2 12 0-2 13 0-2 14 15 Ifi 0-2 0-2 0-2 17 0-37 ' 0-5 0-37 0-5 0-37 0-5 0-1 IS 19 0-1 20 0-37 0-37 0-37 0-37 0-37 0-38 0-38 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-4 0.4 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 21 .. 9v 23 •'4 27 0-25 , 30-7 28 29 0-32 0-35 0-.35 0-35 0-7 0-6 0-6 0-fi 31 COLDWATER RIVER AT MERRITT. Location. — The station is located at Merritt, 1^. ('., on the Nicola \'alley l)ranch of the Canadian Pacific Railway. It is about half a mile above the stream's confluence with the Nicola river. Records Available. — April 17 to August 31, 1913. Wi7iter Conditions. — There is some severely cohl w(>ather during the winter months, and the stream is said to be usually frozen over in .lanuary and February. Gauge. — CJauge is a vertical staff gauge, and was read during 191:^ by D. IMcXeill. John Skimming is gauge reader for 1914. Channel. — The stream is 50 to 75 feet in width, and its bed is stony. \'el(jcities vary from 0-8 to 5-0 feet p(>r second. During 1913 the maximum flow was 2,650 second-feet, while the minimum recorded flow was 40 second- feet. Discharge Measurements. — Meterings are made by Avading, during low stages, and by cable suspension from the upstream side of the traffic bridge at high water. The gauge-height-discharge curve is not well defined at present, but an effort will be made to have the stream well ratrul during 1914 Accuracy. — Accuracy of results as shown cannot lie vouched for. They are probably within 15 per cent of the truth. (ieneral. — The Coldwater river (according 1(» the Dominion sectional maps) has a drainage area of about 3()() s(iuare miles. ]{ising in the And(>rs()n River 184 DEPARTMENT OE THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 hills (near the source of the stream of that name tributary to the Fraser) at an elevation of 6,000 feet, it flows northeast for a distance of 35 miles, joining the Nicola at the town of Merritt. The gauge was established by P. De Lautour on April 17, 1913. The waters of the Coldwater are utilized to some extent for irrigation, but there is no possibility of contention from this source. Their only probable use is as a source of water-power. Discharge Measurements of Coldwater River near Mouth, 1913 Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1913. April 17 Feet. 66 67 66 73 65 63 71 80 125 60 59 Sq. ft. 98 127 106 187 202 160 281 304 337 94 72 Ft. per sec. Feet. 0-25 0-50 0-30 1-60 1-23 1-05 2-35 2-50 3-35 015 0-2 Sec.-ft. 243 29 do 396 May 2 do 307 10 do 1,130 14 H. J.E. Keys i,657 1,057 1,057 5-6 5-2 6-6 1 010 " 16 do 836 26 do 1 850 27 P. DeLautour 1 980 June 3 do 2,390 122 56 Julv 29 Aug. 20 H. J.E. Keys do 1,057 1,057 i-3 0-8 Monthly Discharge of Coldwater River at Mouth for 1913. (Drainage area, 360 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Fket. R UN- OFF. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. May 2,180 2.650 1,040 135 260 1,040 150 40 1,074 1 1,511 437 52 1 ) 2-97 4-20 1-21 014 3-42 409 1-39 M6 (6 040 June t9 910 Julv 20, 870 3 197 August Note. — Gauge reader. D. McNeill. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIV SURVEY 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Coldwater River at INIouth for 1913. April. Mav. June. Julv. August. Pat. Gauge Dis- Gauge I Height, charge Height. Dis- Gauge Dis- j Gauge charge . Height . charge . i Height . Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge . Feet. 1 1 Sec-it. Feet. Sec.-ft. 300 260 260 260 260 260 450 1,320 920 1,280 1,200 1,160 1,040 1,000 960 SOO 1,040 880 880 960 1,000 1,400 1,480 1.830 1,980 1,830 1,980 1,830 1,710 1,590 2,180 Feet. 2-7 2-9 3-35 31 2-5 21 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-2 2-2 20 2-1 1-9 1-5 1-4 1-35 1-25 1-55 2-1 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-3 1-3 1-3 Sec.-ft. 2,140 2,300 2,650 2,460 1,980 1,670 1,750 1,750 1,830 1.750 1,750 1,590 1,670 1,520 1,200 1,120 1,080 1,000 1.240 1,670 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,040 1,120 1,120 1,040 1,040 1.040 Feet. 1-3 1-0 0-9 0-8 0-7 0-9 1-05 0-9 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-6 0-5 0-5 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 Sec.-ft. 1,040 800 720 650 570 720 840 720 570 570 570 490 410 410 3.30 330 330 330 330 345 300 285 270 255 240 225 210 195 180 165 150 Feet. -6-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 -0-3 Sec.-ft. 135 2 0-3 120 3 105 4 j 90 5 j .SO 6 0-3 0-55 1-65 115 1-6 1-5 70 7 55 S 40 9 40 KJ 40 11 40 12 1-45 1-3 40 1 ■{ : 40 14 1-25 1-2 1-0 40 i5 ::.:.: 40 16 40 17 0-25 220 1-3 11 40 18 1 40 19 i M 1-2 1-25 1-75 1-85 2-3 2-5 2-3 2-5 2-3 215 2-0 41) 20 1 1 40 21 40 29 40 23 40 24 ::;::;:::;::: ::..' 40 2.5 41) 26 40 40 28 40 29 0-5 30 ■•■■410 380 411 40 340 2-75 40 i 1 CRISS CREEK NEAR SAVON A. Location. — Section 22. township 22, range 22, west 6tli incridian. Records Available.— June 14, 1912 to September 14, 1912; April 22, 19i:-{, to November 21, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Very little snow during the winter with only short periods of severe weather. (Conditions essentially the same as in the Deadman valley. Gauge. — Staff gauge read daily during the irrigation season by W. J. Hoey. Channel. — The stream is well confined to a single channel, whose bed is of gravel and boulders. Discharge Measurements. — Nine well distributed measurements have Ix^eii obtained and the gauge-height-discharge curve is well defined for any flow up to 250 second-feet. Above this point, however, it has b(>en necessary to project results, and an endeavour to ratify them will \>e made during 1914. Accuracy. — The accuracy is high except during the freshet flow, wlicn results cannot be vouched for. CRISS creek. Cries creek has its source in the hills between the headwaters of Deadman river and Tranriuille river, at an elevation of about 6,000 feet. After a south- westerly course of about 25 miles it discharges into the Deadman river 10 miles above mouth, at an elevation of jibout 1 .500 feet. 185 DEPART2[E\T OF THE IXTEL'IOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 It is part of the Thompson River drainage and its drainage area, as measured from a Geological Survey map, dated 1895, is 150 square miles. In the lower part of its source the creek flows swiftly through a narrow valley with steep sides and many sheer cliffs. In its upper reaches there is said to be con.siderable land suitable for homesteading. A number of homesteaders went in during the summer of 1913. A rough pack trail leads up the creek from the mouth, and a road, which branches off from the Deadman river road about 15 miles from the mouth of Criss creek, strikes the creek again about 10 miles from its mouth. The timl)er in the valley is of small size. There are several small lakes at the headwaters. The gauging station was established on June 14, 1912, by C. G. Cline. A vertical staff gauge is fastened to a large fir on the right bank of the stream, some 400 yards above the highway bridge. At low water, measurements are made by wading near the gauge, and at high water by cable suspension from the highway bridge. Discharge ]\Ieasurements of Criss Creek near Savona, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. " Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1912. C. Cline & Corbould Feet. 21 245 . 24 22 30 30 30 IS 13 Sq. ft. 47-6 31-4 28-6 29-2 114-0 123-6 99-95 26-94 13-4 Ft. per sec. 2-2 1-2 1-15 1-04 1-9 2-03 1-72 1-15 0-91 Feet. 1-09 0-7 0-62 0-6 1-62 1-72 1-49 0-53 0-18 Sec. -It. 107 Juh- 16 . . . B. Corbould 38 do 33 30 1913. April 22 Mav 17 June 10 do C. Cline &Chisholni . K. G. Chisholm do 30 217-0 251-0 176-00 Aug. 15 do 31-05 Oft. 4 do 121 Note. — Gauge reader, W. J. Hoey. Monthly Discharge of Criss Creek at Mouth for 1913. (Drainage area, 150 square miles.) DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Month. Mean. Per square mile. Rl-.V-OFF. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet . May. June July August. . .. .' .September. October November , 444 340 418 26 860 167 169 32 12 31 24 1-73 Ml 113 0-21 0-08 0-21 016 1-99 1-24 1-30 0-24 0-09 0-24 018 15.986 9,937 10,391 1,96N 714 1 , 906 1,428 Note. — Gauge reader, \V. J. Iloe.v BRITISH (OLIMnJA H Y IH,'<>(; h'M'Jnc si in EY 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Criss Creek near Mouth for 1913. D.\Y. April. May. June. Gauge Height . Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge charge Height charge. Height. ni.s- charge . 1 . ■ Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 1-0 85 1 2-1 Sec.-ft. 340 2 M 103 1-2 122 20 1-9 1-8 1-7 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-4 1-5 314 3 288 4 . . M 10 0-9 11 1-2 1-9 2-5 2-3 103 85 68 103 122 288 444 391 262 238 6 213 189 8 .. . . . 189 9 165 10 ISO 11 . 1-5 1 189 12 2-2 ' 366 2-1 340 2() 314 1-55 ' 201 13 1-5 189 14 1-4 165 15 2-0 314 1 1-4 1-7 238 1-3 165 16 143 17 1-7 1-8 1-8 1-85 1-85 1-90 238 1-2 262 11 262 10 275 10 275 1 • 0 288 1-0 288 0-95 301 0-95 314 10 314 1-3 122 18 ■ 103 19 85 20 85 21 85 22 1-65 1-5 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-3 1-3 1-2 11 ■1-0 225 85 23 189 1-90 165 1-95 165 2-0 165 2-0 76 24 76 25 85 26 143 27 143 1 2-05 I 327 1-3 143 28 143 1 2-2 122 2-2 103 21 85 ' 2--? 366 1-4 366 1-4 340 1-3 165 29 165 30 143 31 366 188 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Criss Creek near Mouth for 1913. Day. July. I Gauge Dis- Height. charge. August. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge , 1 Gauge [Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge . November. Gauge I Dis- Height. charge. 1 2 Z..'.'^^^^.... '.'.'.'.'. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 V •Feet. Sec. -ft. 143 122 103 85 122 103 85 76 41 41 53 68 391 418 .391 391 366 288 262 238 213 189 189 165 143 122 103 103 Feet. 10 0-2 Sec.-ft. 85 68 53 53 41 26 20 16 13 15 16 20 26 26 26 26 26 26 32 41 60 53 53 41 32 26 20 16 14 14 Feet. 0'25 0-25 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-15 0-15 0-15 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-05 0-05 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-15 015 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-25 0-25 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-15 015 010 Sec.-ft. 14 14 13 13 13 13 11 11 11 10 10 10 Feet. 0-4 Sec.-ft. 10 10 11 13 13 13 16 16 20 20 26 32 41 53 Feet. 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-45 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 Sec.-ft. 20 20 20 20 20 23 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 DEADMAN RIVER NEAR SAVONA. Location of Station. — Section 22, township 22, range 22, west 6th meridian, half a mile above the mouth of Criss creek. This station Avas establisluMl in 1913 to replace a station below the mouth of Criss creek, upon which information was obtained during the irrigation seasons of 1911 an<:l 1912. Records Available. —April 22 to November 21, 1913. Winter Conditions. —Yery little snow on the lower benches, with only sliort periods of severe weather. Six to ten feet of snow in the upper reaches of the creek. Gauge. — Staff gauge read daily during the irrigation season by W. J. Hoey. Channel. — Channel is straight and control is good, while the velocity is great only during high stages. Discharge Measurements. — Six well distributed measurements were obtained during 1913. Although a metering was not secured at the peak of the freshet the flow was deduced by the projection of the discharge curve. During 1914 this deduction will be ratified if possible. Accuracy/. — The accuracy is high except for the short period when floAv wa«< above 300 second-feet, which condition is mentioned above. DEADMAN RIVER. Deadman creek has its source in numerous small lakes between thf headwaters of Tranquille creek and Bonaparte lake, some 20 miles west of the Thom])son river. Most of these lakes are yet unnamed, and have an ele- vation of about 4,000 feet. The creek flows in a westerly direction for about 2© BRITISH COUMUIA IIYDROGRAPniC SFRVET 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f miles, then turns toward the south and, after a course of 30 or 35 miles farther, discharges into the Thompson river just below Kamloops lake, at an elevation of about 1,100 feet. The chief tributaries are: from the left going upstream denies creek, Gorge creek, Tobacco creek, and Hunters creek. From the right, Criss creek, and Last Chance creek. The total drainage area from the Provincial Govern- ment map of the Yale district, dated 1912, scale 8 miles to 1 inch, is 500 square miles. The area above Criss creek, viz., above the measuring section, is 400 square miles. The water is used for irrigation only. The Barnes estate at Wal- liachin take water from Deadman creek. They have a dam on Deadman lake about 20 miles from the mouth of the creek. Their intake is about 10 miles from the mouth, and the water is carried by a 6 by 4-foot wooden flume to Wal- hachin. There are several good power sites on the stream, which have not Ijeen de- veloped. Just below the confluence of Hunters creek, 30 miles from the mouth there is a fall of 160 feet. Deadman creek lies in the dry belt, with a precipitation near the mouth of about 10 inches. Like all streams in the dry belt, the precipitation increases toward the upper reaches with the increase in altitude. What is proliably the best part of the valley is owned by Indians. They hold everything t)eyond the Anderson ranch to the Williams ranch, which is about 13 miles from Savona. This portion of the valley is excellent agricultural land, and Ijeyond this for several miles it is narrow and extremely rough, then widens out again and there are stretches of good land, and several fine ranches have been developed. A station was established just above the intake of the Walhachin flume (12 miles from Savona) on July 11, 1911. Readings were taken on the gauge at this point during the remainder of the irrigation season (1911) and the wdiole irrigation season (1912). It was replaced, however, in 1913 by a station installed al)ove the confluence of Criss creek, which has been found to give better results, Criss creek itself also having been rated. During 1911 readings were taken on a gauge 3 miles from the creek's mouth, with a view to finding the amount of water and to studying the ciuestion of seepage. DiscHARCJE ^Measurements of Deadman River above Criss Creek, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean , Velocity. | \ Gauge Height. DLscharge. 1913 April 23 1,0.55 1,055 1,0.55 1,055 1,055 1-055 Feet. 30 40 34 24-5 15-5 11-7 Sq.-ft. !)l-7 72-8 115-0 32-9 19-4 9-2 1 Ft. per sec. 3-1 3-5 4-15 3-00 ; 2-53 Ml Feet. 3-60 3-52 3-95 2-38 1-80 0-93 Sec.-ft. •281 April 22 May 17 K. G. Chisholm & C. G. Cline K. G. Chisholm do =256 410 398-6 do 449 Oct. 6 do ••10-2 Note. — 'Measured from bridge. ^Measured 50 feet below gauge from bridge. 'Gauge wading .50 feet above. ■•Gauge wading 20 feet above. 190 DEPARTMEXr OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Monthly Dischakge of Deadman River alcove Criss Creek, for 1913. (Drainage area, 400 square miles). DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Total in acre-feet. May June July August September October November The period 481 145 1 261 0-65 0-75 16,048 156 42 90 0-22 0-24 5,355 133 42 92 0-23 0-26 5,657 57 11 31 0-08 0-09 1,906 11 10 10 0-02 0-02 595 12 10 i 11 0-03 0-03 676 14 11 I 12 0-03 0-03 714 481 10 73 0-18 1-42 30,951 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Deadman River above Criss Creek for 1913. Day. April. May. June. Gauge 1 Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge ■ Dis- Height. j charge. 1 . Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 3-2 31 3-1 3-0 2-9 2-9 2-8 2-8 2-9 3-1 3-3 3-8 4-0 41 41 4-0 3-95 3-85 3-8 3-7 3-7 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-3 3-2 31 30 Sec.-ft. 199 183 183 169 156 156 145 145 156 183 216 340 434 481 481 434 408 362 340 306 206 278 278 278 234 234 234 216 199 183 169 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2-9 1,56 2 2-8 2-7 2-7 2-6 2-5 2-5 2-5 2-4 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-2 21 21 20 20 2-0 2-0 1-9 1-9 1-8 1-7 1-9 21 20 2-4 2-4 2-4 145 3 133 4 1.33 5 .. 122 6 112 7 112 8 112 9 . 102 10 102 11 92 12 92 13 82 14 82 15 73 16 73 17 65 18 65 19 65 20 65 21 22 3-5 3-5 3-6 3-5 3-5 3-4 3-3 3-3 3-2 254 254 278 254 254 234 216 216 199 57 23 49 42 25 26 73 27 65 28 102 29 102 30 102 31 .. BRITISH VUU MHIA IIY DliOdRAI'lllC SL'BVin' 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily (^auge Heights and Dlscharges of Deadman River above C'riss Creek for 1913 — Continued. Day. July. Gauge Dis- Height . charge August. September. Gauge I Dis- Gauge Dis- H eight, charge Height, charge. October. November. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. I Height. Dis- chargi 1 2 3 4 5 5 7 8 9 10 II 12 18 14 l.i l(i 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2.5 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feet. 2-4 2-4 2-5 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-2 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-5 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-5 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-0 1-9 1-9 1-8 1-7 Sec. -ft. 102 102 112 102 102 102 92 92 82 82 73 82 82 82 92 112 112 122 122 133 Feet. Sec. -ft. 1-7 42 l-fi 36 1-6 36 1-6 36 1-6 36 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-8 1-7 1-7 1-9 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-6 122 1-4 112 1-3 102 1-3 92 1-3 92 1-2 82 1-2 65 11 .57 11 Ol 1-0 49 1-0 42 1-0 Feet. Sec.-ft. 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 II 10 10 10 10 0-9 10 0-9 10 0-9 10 0-9 10 0-9 10 0-9 10 0-95 10 0-95 10 0-95 10 0-95 11 Feet. ' Sec.-ft. ! Feet. 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 1-0 1-0 1-0.5 1-05 1-0 1-0 1-0 1-0.5 1-0.5 1-0 1-0 1-0 10 1-0 1-0 10 1-0 1-0 1-0 1-0 Sec.-ft. 1-0 1-(1 1-0.5 1-0 Ml l-O 1-0 l-l( Ml 1-0,5 11 l-l 1-1 11 II l-I II l-I 192 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 DEADMAN RIVER (WALHACHIN FLUME). Location. — Section 26, township 21, range 22, west 6th meridian. Records Available. — July 15 to August 31, 1912; April 21 to August 16, 1913. Gauge. — Gauge is a standard vertical staff gauge, and is read daily by R. McDonald, during the irrigation season. Flume. — Six-foot timber flume, 4 feet deep, seams caulked vAih. oakum, and the w^hole interior coated with tar. The flow is even. Discharge Measurements. — ^The flume is fairly well rated by four meter measurements practically covering its range. Accuracy. — Accuracy of results submitted is fairly high, and will l)e well defined during 1914. WALHACHIN FLUME. {Extract from report by P. A. Carson dated August 21, 1911.) The source of water supply for Barnes estates is Deadman river, a stream 35 feet wide, from 2 to 4 feet deep. It rises in the hills (elevation 6,000 feet) some 40 to 50 miles north of the Thompson river, and flows in a general south- erly direction. The minimum discharge of Deadman river is about 16 second-feet at the end of August, and the maximum about 450 second-feet at the middle of May. Just outside the northerly limit of the Railway Belt the river \\'idens into a lake, called Snohoosh lake, or Deadman lake. This lake is a narrow winding body of water about 3 miles long, with a superficial area of 350 acres. It affords a good reservoir site, and to store the surplus waters of the spring freshet for the dry summer season, the company have constructed a dam at the outlet of the lake. The dam is timber cribbed and rock-filled, the timber being lock-bolted together; it is founded on rock bed, and the base is concrete lined, with two 24-inch steel pipes laid in concrete. The dam is 140 feet long and 20-5 feet high, with a width at the base of 56 feet. The spillway is 90 feet wide, having a 3-foot parapet. By means of this dam 7,000 acre-feet of water can be stored. The natural flow of the river is ample for irrigation until July 15, when the stored waters are called upon until close of irrigation season, about August 15. The enormity of the spring flood may be comprehended when I say that after the freshet commenced the reservoir was filled in four days. A conservative estimate of the duty of water in this locality is 100 acres per second-foot, and with the storage in Snohoosh lake there is sufficient water to irrigate 7,000 acres of land. The Barnes estates are alread}' supplying water to the Savona Orchard Company, on Deadman Indian reserve, and are syphoning 5 second-feet across the Thompson river to the British Columbia Horticultural estates. They will probably also supply water to some ranches along Eight mile creek, adjoining tlicir property on the west, and have constructed their canal with that object in view. Besides the Barnes estates there are several smaller users obtaining their water from Deadman river, and there is plenty for all. Flumes and Ditches. The main channel is about 10 miles long from the intake to the easterly boundary of the estate. In this portion there are 7}^ miles of flume and 2} 9 miles of ditch. The main flume is a 6-foot timber flume, 4 feet deep, and will carry 3 feet •f water; it is made of 1%-inch boards, well seasoned, the sides and bottom BRITISH COLUMBIA EYDROGRAPEIC SURVEY 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f are shiplapped. and the seams caulked with oakum, and the whole interior coated with tar, making a very permanent and watertight construction. The studdings (4 by 4) are alternately capped with cross-pieces to prevent spreading. Such a flume is perhaps not as permanent as a concrete or a steel flume, but is much cheaper, and will last for mam^ years. The maximum grade is 5 feet to the mile, and the velocity is 3-8 feet per second. The main ditch is slightly larger than the flume, but has the same capacity. The gravelly subsoil through which most of the ditch passes is rather porous, and last year a great deal of trouble was experienced with seepage, something like 40 per cent of the water being lost in transmission. By puddling the water with silt and a little concrete this difficulty has been almost entirely overcome. However, I believe the greater portion of the ditch will have to be lined with concrete ultimatel\'. A right of way or easement for the main canal across the Indian reserve has been obtained, and is well fenced. From the east half of section 10, township 21, range 22, to the east boundary of section 13, township 21, range 23, the main flume is a 4-foot construction similar to the 6-foot flume. It has a maximum capacity of 30 second-feet; the slope is 8 feet to the mile. Note the trestle work in photograph Xo. 8. In the canal there are 15,600 feet of flume and 7,000 feet of ditch. From the east boundary of section 13 to the west limit of the estate, the canal is 3 feet wide. It has a capacity of 18 second-feet, which is larger than is needed by this company, but it is proposed to supply water to some ranches adjoining the west. This flume is not tarred or capped as yet. In the 3-foot canal there are 10,500 feet of flume and 5,550 feet of ditch. Of the laterals for distributing the water of the different parts of the estate, there are 46,300 feet of small fluming, and 30,500 feet of small ditching. All the laterals leave the main canal from the flume, not ditch, and in consequence there is little danger of washout. The distribution system is rather elaborate, and is not described here. Monthly Discharge of Walhachin Flume near Head CJates for 1913. Month. DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Kln-Okf. Maximum. Miniinuin. Mean. Total in acre-feet. April 14-1 0 24-1 16-6 29- 1 24- 1 30-9 19-4 30-9 0 2-97 22-1 27-2 27- 1 13-7 177 May 1,359 1.618 July 1.666 842 Total amouat of water diverted in 1913=3,662 acre-feet. Discharge ^Measurements of Walhachin flume near Head Gates, 1913. Date. 1 Hydrographer. Meter Xo. Width. Area oj Section. \l,-,,„ \ I'locity. Gauge Height. Discharge. AortI 21 . 1 . 1 K. G.Chisholm ... 1.055 Feet. 60 Sq. ft. 3-25 Ft. per sec. 1-6 Feet. Ooa 1 Sec. -ft. 1 5-3 2fiF— U 194 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Walhachin Flume near Head Gates on Deadman River for 1913. 1 End of irrigation .season. Day. April. May. .June. •Ju y- August. Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1. . Feet. Sec. -ft. Feet. 11 M 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-35 Sec. -ft. 16-6 16-6 19-4 19-4 19-4 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 22-5 24-1 24- 1 24-1 24-1 24-1 24-1 Feet. 1-35 1-35 1-.35 1-35 1-35 1-4 1-4 1-45 1-45 1-45 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-45 1-.5 1-5 1-5 1-45 1-45 1-45 1-45 1-45 1-45 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-4 1-4 Sec. -ft. 24-1 24-1 24-1 24-1 24-1 25-7 25-7 27-4 27-4 27-4 29-1 29-1 29-1 29-1 29-1 27-4 29-1 29-1 29-1 27-4 27-4 27-4 27-4 27-4 27-4 29-1 29-1 29-1 25-7 25-7 Feet. 1-35 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-3.5 1-35 1-35 1-4 1-4 1-4 ■ 1-45 1-45 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-4 l-.'i lo 1-55 1 -55 1-55 1-.55 1-.55 l.,55 1-0 15 1-5 1-5 1-.55 1-55 1-5 Sec. -ft. 24-1 22-5 22-5 22-5 24-1 24- 1 24-1 •25-7 25-7 25-7 27-4 27-4 19-4 22-5 25 -'7 25-7 29- 1 29-1 30-9 30-9 30-9 30-9 30-9 30-9 291 29- 1 29-1 29- 1 .30-9 30-9 29-1 Feet. 1-55 1-5 1-5 1-45 1-4 1-3 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1 Sec. -ft. 30-9 2 .i 29-1 3 29-1 4 27-4 5 25-7 6 22-5 7 29-1 8 . .. 29-1 9 10 29-1 29-1 11 29-1 12 29-1 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ;. 0-55 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-0 0-7 0-9 1-0 1-0 1-0 6-0 6-8 6-8 6-8 0-0 8-3 12-0 141 14-1 141 29-1 29-1 29- 1 1 26 27 28 29 30 31 EAGLE RIVER AT MALAKWA. Location. — In township 23, range 6, west 6th meridian, 15 miles from the mouth, at the traffie In-idge near Malakwa, B. (\ Winter Conditions.- — Heavy fall of snow, fairly severe weather ( — 20°F-)- The river is generally partially frozen between November 15 and ^NTareh 15- Records Available. — May to D(>cemb(T, 1913. (iauge.- — Chain gauge is used, and is read dailv bv INlr. Karl Swan, of T^Ialakwa, B. C. Channel. — The channel is uniform and straight for 100 yards above and below the gauge. The control has not yet been studied as to permanency. Discharge Measurements. — Measurements are made from the upstream side of the traffic bridge, six well distributed measurements being made during 1913. Accuracy. — Accurate gauge readings, careful meter measurements, and the appearance of the gauge-height-discharge curve tend to show that the 1913 data on this stream are very accurate; results, exce))t in May and June, should be within 5 per cent. (ieneral. — This station on Eagle river at ^Malakwa was established on INIay 14, 1913, to replace the station established in 1911, near Sicamous, where it was found there was a backwater effect from Shuswap lake during high water. BRITISH COIA MlilA II YDh'OC h'M'H .'C SI'RTKY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Discharge Measurements of Eagle River near Malakwa, 1913. 195 } Meter Area of Date. 1 Hydrographer. No. Width. Section. Mean 1 Gauge Velocity. Height. Discharge. 1913. Mav 14 C.E. R.&J.A.E "" 31 i J.A.Elliott Feet. 1,048 1 125 1,672 132 1,672 132 Sq. ft. 674 1,100 1,090 740 580 468 Ft. per sec. Feet. 4-00 4-80 6-46 6-80 6-20 6-70 4-14 5-12 2-49 3-70 1-32 2-61 Sec. -ft. 2.090 7,110 6 750 July 10 1 do 1,672 128 1,672 128 125 3 060 Aug. 27 ' do 1 440 Nov. 7 E. M. D. & K. G. C 620 ^Monthly Discharge of Eagle River near Afalakwa for 1013. (Drainage area, 420 square miles.) Discharge in Secoxd-Feet. Ri-.n-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mc:in Total in acre-feet. May 8, 1.50 June 12, 200 July 3, 950 August 2, 150 September 3, 540 October 1 , 670 November 730 December 480 3,370 1,670 1,110 690 480 300 215 : 76, 000 383.000 176,000 107,000 73,000 49,400 30.900 19,600 Note. — First thirteen davs in Mav are estimated. •z.n- W, 196 DEI'ARTilKXT OF THE IXTERIOR .5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Eagle River near Malakwa for 1913. Day. May. Gauge Dis- Height . charge . June. Gauge ' Dis- Height.! charge. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16 17 18 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24 2.i 20. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet. 4-8 4-4 4-3 4-4 4-4 4-4 4-6 4-8 5-2 5-6 5-9 6-2 6-2 6-3 6-6 7-1 6-6 6-8 Sec.-ft. Feet. I Sec.-ft. 8,400 2,650 2,150 2,040 2,150 2,150 2,150 2,390 2,650 3,210 3,910 4,. 540 5,270 5,270 5,540 6,460 8,150 6,460 7,120 10,100 8,510 7,120 5,140 6,790 9,480 10,500 12,150 9,480 8,510 8,600 7,630 5,540 4,110 3,630 3,370 5,010 7,460 5,540 5.270 4,650 3,630 3,630 3,720 4,110 3,820 3,720 4,010 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROiJNAI'HIC SLRYEY 197 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Eagle River near Malakwa for 1913^ Julv. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Dis- ! Gauge Height, charge. 'Height. Dis- charge 1 Feet. 2 3 5-55 4 505 5 4-9 6 4-9 7 51 8 5-25 9 4-95 10 5-15 11 5-0 12 4-9 13 14 5- 15 5-2 15 5-2 16 5-2 17 50 18 4-85 19 5-15 20 21 50 5-0 23 4-95 4-9 2.5 . . ... 4-65 26 4-55 27 4-4 28 4-35 29 4-2 30 3-95 31 3-95 3,950 3,880 3,820 2,990 2,780 2,780 1,060 3,290 2,850 3,140 2,920 2,780 3,140 3,210 3,210 3,210 2,920 2,720 3,140 3,140 2,920 2,920 2,850 2,780 2,470 2,330 2,150 2,100 1,930 1,670 1,670 Feet. , Sec.-ft. 1,770 1,930 1,880 1,820 1,820 1,880 1,930 2,040 2,100 1,880 1,820 1,620 1,880 2,150 2,040 1,930 1,820 1,880 1,820 1,820 1,820 1,670 1,820 1,670 1,530 1,580 1,440 1,190 1,110 1,110 1,150 Gauge Dis- Gauge Height charge Height. Feet. ' Sec.-ft. 305 2-9 4-7 5-4 4-2 55 I 6 '■ I 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-25 3-25 3-2 3-6 3-35 315 3-2 3-2 3-0 2-9 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-7 2-7 940 830 2,520 3,540 1,930 1,530 1,310 1.350 1,530 1,350 1,270 1,270 1,270 1,270 1,080 1,080 1,040 1,350 1 , 1.50 1,000 1,040 1,040 900 830 760 760 760 760 690 690 Feet. 2-6 2-8 2-6 2-55 2-45 2-5 2-5 2-45 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-7 3-95 3-3 3-2 3-05 2-9 2-85 2-9 2-9 2-8 2-9 2-9 3-6 3-2 3-2 3-05 3-2 2-9 2-75 2-6 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 620 760 620 590 520 550 550 520 480 480 480 690 1,670 1,110 1,040 940 830 800 830 830 760 830 830 1,350 1,040 1,040 940 1,040 830 730 620 Gauge Height. Dis- charge Feet. I Sec.-ft. 2-6 2-55 2-55 2-55 2-6 2-7 2-6 2-55 2-55 2-65 2-65 2-65 2-75 2-7 2-5 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-35 2-1 2-0 21 2-1 2-3 3'2 2-1 2-2 2-5 2-4 2-4 620 600 600 600 620 690 620 590 590 660 660 660 730 730 550 420 420 450 330 300 330 330 420 370 330 370 550 480 480 December. Gauge Height. Di.s- charge. Feet. 2-4 2-3 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 21 21 2-1 21 2.1 j I 2-1 I 2-0 I 2-0 1-9 ! 1-8 ! i 1-8 1-7 1-6 1-6 1-6 2-0 2-1 2-1 2-0 1-8 1-8 Sec.-ft. 480 420 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 370 330 330 330 330 330 330 300 300 270 250 250 230 215 215 215 300 330 330 300 250 250 ESSELL CREEK NEAR ADELPHI, Location. — Section 35, township 17, range 14, west (ith meridian, below Sunnnit Lake tributary to Salmon river. Records Available.— May 25 to September 30, 1911; Ai)ril 1 to September 7, 1912; April 16 to September 14, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Winter conditions are not as a rule severe. The stream is usually dry during the winter months. A storage dam on Summit lake controls its regimen. Gauge. — A standard vertical staff gauge, read tri-weekh' by T. F. Teagle. Channel. — The channel is gravelly, and there is no possibility of overflow at the gauge. The control is good. Discharge Measurements. — -Well distributed meterings have been made covering the stream's range. Accuracij .—The. accuracy of results appended is fairly high, witliiii 10 per cent. ESSELL CREEK. Essell creek, locally' known as vSunimit Lake creek, has its source in Summit lake near the divide between Monte creek and (Jrand Prairie, at an elevation of 2,050 feet, and discharges into the Salmon river near Grand Prairie, at an elevation of 1,800 feet. Its drainage area is a little over (5 square miles and its natural run-off is very .small. A diversion has, however, been made from ]\Ionte 198 DEPAL'TilEXT OF THE l^'TEIilOh' 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 creek to Summit lake by a ditch about a mile long, and it is this ]\Ionte creek water which provides the greater part of the flow of Essell creek. This water is used around Grand Prairie, where there are over 5,000 acres of land under cultivation. The precipitation in the Essell creek drainage area is from 12 inches to 15 inches, and the evaporation losses from Summit lake are great. The station was established on May 25, 1911, bj^ C. E. Richardson, and dailv gauge readings have been taken during the irrigation seasons of 1911, 1912, and 1913. The measuring section is 100 yards from highway from Grand Prairie to Ducks, 2 miles from Grand Prairie and 50 yards above the gauge. The gauge is a vertical staff gauge 5 feet long. Measurements are made with wading equipment from two planks thrown across the stream. The banks are gently sloping, with no chance of overflow. The bed of the stream is of sand and gravel. Three bench-marks have ]:)een placed at the station and their elevations referred to the datum of the gauge. Discharge Measurements of Essell Creek, near Grand Prairie, 1913. Date. Hjdrographer. Meter No. I Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity Gauge Height Discharge Max- 1911 25 25 25 5 24 24 1912. 10 15 17 27 24 19 •1 \V. M. Carlvle 1044 1048 1046 1048 1044 1044 1048 1048 1048 1049 1057 1057 1057 Feet lb 11 12 11 9 9 11 10- 0 10 9 5 10 10 Sq. ft. 11-3 14-6 12-7 13-6 3-6 * 3-3 15-4 61 5-6 2-8 1-8 12-5 9-2 Ft. per see. 1-74 1-71 1-28 1-79 0-73 0-74 212 1-61 1-57 0-93 1-50 1-5 1-2 Feet 1-30 1-21 1-20 1-42 0-83 0-81 1-80 1-22 1-18 0-98 1-00 1-53 1-32 Sec. -It. 19-7 16-2 It C. G. Chne 16-2 24-5 Aug. W. M. Carlyle 2-7 do 2-5 May C. E. Richardson 32-7 .lulv do 9-8 do 8-8 Aug. Apr. do 2-6 H. J. E. Keys 2-7 do 18-9 Julv do 11-2 Monthly Discharge of Essell Creek, near Grand Prairie for 1913. [Drainage area, 6 square miles.] .Month, DiscH.\RGE IX Second-Feet. Maximum. ' Minimum. Per square mile. Depth in inches Total Drainage acre-leet. area. May 20 i 7 10-4 June • 22-8 19 20-6 July 22 I 31 10-2 August S-6 4 I 6-7 1-73 1-99 640 3-63 405 1,225 1-70 1-96 027 1-12 1-29 411) Note.— Artificial control. BRITISH rOLI MIHA HYDROGRAPHIC S[ liVEY 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f I)\iLY Gauge Heights and Discharges of Essell Creek near (!raiid Prairie for 1913. Day. Ap ril. M ay .June. July. August. September. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 . . Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 4-2 7-6 7-5 7-4 7-3 7-2 7-0 7-4 7-8 8-2 9-9 11-6 13-3 150 15- 1 15-2 15-4 15-7 16-0 16-2 16-5 17-2 17-9 18-6 19-0 19-3 19-6 20-0 20-0 20-0 20- 0 Feet. "i-si' 1-5 ■■•i:47 1-51 1-57 ■ r-57' Sec.-ft. 20- 1 20-2 20-3 20-4 20-2 20-1 20-0 200 20-0 20-0 20-0 19-7 19-3 190 19-2 19-4 19-7 20-0 20-1 20-2 20-4 20-8 21-5 22-2 22-8 22-8 22-8 22-8 22-6 22-4 Feet . 1-55 ■ ■ 1^3 "'l-35 Sec.-ft. 220 18-0 150 12-7 130 13-3 13-6 13-9 14-2 14-6 15-0 15-2 15-4 11-0 Feet. 1-18 1-13' ' l-lo' Sec.-ft. 8-4 8-6 8-0 7-5 7-0 7-1 7-2 7-4 7-6 7-2 6-8 6-4 6-0 6-4 6.8 7-2 7-6 80 8-3 8-6 7-8 6-9 60 5-8 5-6 5-5 5-4 5-0 4-5 4-0 4-3 Feet. "■i-09 1-08 ' 'i-05 Sec.-ft. 4-6 9 115 0-2 3 5-7 4 ] 5-6 5 1 5o 6 5-4 113 5-2 8 ^ . . . 5-0 9 4-8 10 M7 4-5 11 4-4 12 4-3 13 1-37 10 "i-iV " 1-05 1-4 4-3 14 1,36 15 7-0 ' 31 ' M4 1(5 0-96 2-2 1-7 1-2 0-8 1-2 1-6 2-0 2-4 3-0 3-5 4-0 3-2 2-4 1-6 0-8 1-4 "'l-46' 17 4-6 18 61 7-6 6-8 6-0 5-2 4-5 5-5 6-5 7-6 7-8 8-0 '"i-is' "l-OS 19 0-88 •'0 21 22 23 0-97 24 .... 26 103 1-5 1:5 Mo "l-17 27 28 29 8-1 ■ 8-2 ' 103 8-3 1 30 0-88 31 fraser river at lyttox. Location. — Seetion 12, township lo, i-unge 27, w(»st (illi, meridian, at ferry a])out a mile above town of Lytton, and above the coiiHnencn^ of the Fraser and Thompson rivers. Records Available- Vr\M-ui\v\ 20 to Deeember ol, n»12; Januarv 1 to December 31, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Open flow throusliout the year. Gauge. — Gauge painted on rock and graduated to feet. J{ea(hngs made by J. C. Lual. Channel — The channel varies in width from 200 feet at Ioav water to 800 feet at high water. The flow- is uniform, but velocities are very great during the high stages of the water. Discharge Measurements. — Seven well distributed meterings have been taken, ranging from 11,500 second-feet to 162,000 second-feet. The curv(^ has lieen projected beyond these points. Accuracy. — Conditions for gauge reading are good. ]Vreterings are made from the ferry boat, which savings somewhat from side to side in the current, and probably affects the accuracy of the high-water measurements to a slight extent. The results, however, are considered to be Avithin U) per cent of the truth throughout. 200 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Fraser River at Lj'tton, 1913. Date Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. j Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. September 5.. . . . . j 1055 Feet. 540 Sq. ft. 7,860 Ft. per sec. 9-53 Feet. 210 Sec.-lt. 74.93 Monthly Discharge of Fraser River at Lytton for 1913. [Drainage area, 63,000 square miles.] Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Depth Per in inches Total Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square on in mile. Drainage Area. acre-feet. 16,500 1,500 7,556 0-12 0-14 464,500 13,000 5,750 9,150 0-14 0-15 508, 100 13,875 7,000 10,200 0-16 0-18 627,200 56,000 9,500 26,452 0-42 0-47 1,573,900 142,500 28,500 79,746 1-27 1-47 4,903,601) 182,000 136,250 160,754 2-55 2-84 9,565,000 142,500 99,250 123,315 1-96 2-26 7,583,000 114,875 62,500 86,052 1.37 1-58 5,290,000 99,250 53,000 71,083 113 1-26 4,230,000 71,500 44,000 55,500 0-88 101 3,413,000 47,000 20,500 30,858 0-49 0-55 1,835,(K»0 28,500 13,000 20,540 0-33 ^ 0-38 1,263,000 January February . . . March April. ...... May....;.. . June July August September October November December The year . 182,000 56.767 0-90 12-29 I 41,256,-300 BRITISH COLUMBIA IIYDROURII'HIC SURYET SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 201 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Fraser River above mouth of Thompson River for 1912. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. February. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Feet. 10-5 9-5 9-0 8-5 Sec. -ft 14,800 13,800 12,800 11,800 10,800 10,100 9,400 8,800 7,800 6,800 7,506 March. Gauge Height . Dis- charge Feet. Sec.-ft. 9-0 10-0 "9-0 9o 7,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 8,800 9,100 9,400 9,700 10,000 10,400 10,800 10,800 10,800 10,800 12,800 10,800 8,800 10,800 10,800 10,800 10,800 10,800 10,800 April. Gauge Dis- Height . charge Feet. 9-5 11-5 130 13o 14-0 14-5' 15-5 160 'l6-5 17-5 'l8-0' Sec.-ft. 10,800 12,400 14,000 15,600 17,200 18,900 19,400 19,900 20,400 21,000 23,200 25,500 27,900 28,700 29,500 30,300 31,500 32-800 35,400 37,850 39, 100 40,400 41,300 42,200 43,000 45,700 48,400 49,300 50,200 51,200 May. Gauge Dis- Height. charge Feet. 18-0 1900 29 Sec.-ft. 51.200 56,800 62,600 68,500 65,500 62,500 62,500 68,500 74.500 74,500 80,700 80,700 80,700 80,700 87,000 96,750 106,600 119,800 126,600 133,500 119,800 113,200 113,200 113,200 119,800 126,600 0 133,. 500 0 i 148, 000 155,500 159,250 144,2.50 June. Gauge I Dis- Height . charge . Feet. Sec.-ft. 12f),.iO» 119,»0« 113,200 106-600 100,000 87,000 87,000 87,000 80. 700 80,700 87,0o« 93,500 100,000 106,600 113,20(J 119,800 126,000 133,500 119,800 126,000 140,000 162,000 169, 5oo 169,500 173,0()o 155..')(j;| 155,5(j() 148,00, 140, otH) 137, Ooi 202 BErAUT^IEYT OF THE TXTERTOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Fraser River al)ove mouth of Thompson River for 1912. Day. Ju y. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 31-0 28-0 27-0 ■ 26-0 25-0 25-0 25 0 25-0 25-0 25-0 25-0 24-0 24-0 24-0 25-0 26-0 25-0 24-0 23-0 22-5 Sec. -ft. 133,500 113,200 106,600 100,000 93,500 93,500 93,500 93,500 93,500 93,500 93,500 87,000 87,000 87,000 93,500 100,000 93,500 87,000 80,700 77,600 76,000 74,500 80,700 80,700 83,850 83,850 80,700 80,700 64,500 71,500 68,500 Feet. 21-0 20-5 20-0 22-5 22-5 23-0 23-0 23-0 23-5 23-5 23-0 23^0 23-0 24-0 23-5 23-0 22-5 22-0 210 23-0 23-0 23-0 23-0 23-0 24-0 24-0 24-0 24-0 23-0 21 0 20-0 Sec.-ft. 68,500 65,500 62,500 77,600 77,600 80,700 80,700 80,700 82,850 82,850 80,700 80,700 80,700 87,000 .S3, 850 80,700 77,600 74,500 68,500 80,700 80,700 80,700 80,700 80,700 87,000 87.000 87,000 80.700 80.700 58,. 500 62,500 Feet. 19-0 18-0 18-0 17-5 18-0 18-0 17-0 17-5 18-0 17-0 17-0 17-0 17-0 17-0 17-5 17-0 17-0 17-0 17-0 17-0 16-0 16-0 17-0 16-0 15-5 15-0 15-0 15-0 15-0 14-5 Sec.-ft. 56,800 51,200 51,200 48,400 51,200 51,200 45,600 48,400 51,200 45.600 45,600 45,600 45,600 45,600 48,400 45,600 45,600 45,600 45,600 45,600 40,400 40,400 45,600 40,400 37,850 35,300 35,300 3,5-, 300 35,300 32,800 Feet. 14-5 14-5 14-0 14-0 14-5 18-0 17-0 16-5 16-0 16-0 16-5 17-0 16-5 16-0 16-0 16-0 16-0 16-0 15-5 15-0 15-0 15-0 15-0 15-0 150 15-0 14-5 14-0 14'0 Sec.-ft. 32.800 .32,800 30,300 30,300 32,800 51,200 45,600 43,000 40,400 40,400 43.000 45,600 43,000 40,400 40,400 40,400 40.400 40,400 37,850 35,300 35,. 300 35,300 35,300 35,300 35,300 35,300 32,800 30,300 30.300 Feet. ■ 13-0' 13-0 13-0 13-0 13-0 13-5 13-5 13-0 12-5 12-0 120 11-5 11-0 11-0 11-5 11-5 12-0 12-0 12-0 12-5 12-5 12-0 12-0 11-5 110 110 10-5 Sec.-ft. 25,. 500 25,500 25,500 25,500 25,500 25,500 25,500 27,900 27.900 25.500 23.250 21,000 21.000 18,900 16,800 16,800 18,900 18,900 21,000 21,000 21,000 23,250 23,250 21.000 21.000 18.900 16.,S00 16,800 14,800 13,800 Feet. 10-0 10,0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10 '0 11-0 12-0 12-0 12-5 12 0 12-0 12-0 110 11-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 11-0 10-0 10-0 11-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 10-0 Sec.-ft. 12,800 ■> 12,800 3 12,800 4 ... 12,800 12,800 6 12,800 12,800 8 9 16,800 21,000 10 21,000 11 18,900 12 21,000 13 21,000 14 21,000 15 16,800 16 16,800 17 12,800 18 12.800 19 12.800 20 16,800 21 12,800 22 22-0 23-0 23-0 23-5 23-5 23-0 23-0 22-0 21-5 21-0 12,800 23 16,800 24 12.800 25 ... 12,800 26 12 SOO 27 12,. Mill 28 12. Mill 29 12,800 30 13-3 1 27.900 12.800 31 13-0 25., 500 12,S(H> J BRITISH VOLLMIIIA. IIY DROURll'llir SLMVrA' 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f GREENSTONE CREEK. Location. — Section 33. townshij) 17, range 20, west (>th meridian. Records AvailabIe.~:^U\y 1 to Augiust 1, 1912; April 27 to August 24, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Stream is generally dry during the months of ()eto])er, November, December, January, February and Marcli. Gauge.- — A vertical staff gauge, read semi-weekly l)y K. L. Burgess. Channel. — The channel is about 10 feet in width. The maximum recoi'ded flow was 95 second-feet, which occured on May 9, 1912. Discharge Measurements. — The curve is only fairly well defnuHl, although ten meterings have been made. A shifting channel is the probabh^ cause of inaccuracy. Accuracy. — The accuracy is not very high, but I'esults are considered to Ije within 15 per cent of the truth. GREENSTONE CREEK. Greenstone creek has its source in Big Fish lake township 18, range 20, west 6th meridian, at an elevation of 4,820 feet, and discharges into Meadow creek 8 miles from the mouth, at an elevation of 4,000 feet. It is part of Guichon- Nicola-Thompson drainage; the drainage area, as measured from the Geological Survey map, dated 1895, scale 2 miles to 1 inch, is 20 square miles. This is a contentious irrigation stream, in the dry belt; the summei's are hot and dry, the winters long and very cold (-30 F.); the mean annual j^recipitaticm is about 15 inches. Greenstone creek is about 6 miles long, and drains Face and Big Fish lakes. There is no agricultural land except the Watson meadows at the mouth; there is a record of 1,000 inches appurtenant to this land. In a,dditi()n the British ( "olumbia Fruitlands Company, and the Beaton estate have records of 500 inches each to divert water from Face lake and Big Fish lak(\ res])(H'tively, into the Thompson drainage; while the mean run-off" of the creek during the irrigation season of 1912 (an exceptionally wet season) was less than 10 second- feet, or 350 inches. The British Columbia Fruitlands Company propose to turn water from P'ace lake into the headwaters of Cherry creek, and thence via Cherry creek to their estates. The Beaton estate propose to build an earthen ditch 22 miles long in a northwesterly direction to their ranch in the Cherry creek valley; the ditch would receive water from Duffy, Cliartrand, and Three-mile <-reeks, en route, provided the a])plicati()n for water for these estates were granted. The combined area of liig Fish and Fac(^ lak(>s is approx- imately 500 acres, and the lakes could be dammed to a height of 15 feet. Both of these schemes are meeting with strenuous opposition from the interests on Guichon creek. The river station was established Septend)er 14, 1911, by W. M. Carlyle. The measuring section is located about half mile from the mouth. A standard vertical staff gauge is located on the left bank at the measuring section. All the measurements are made by w^ading, though in high water, nu^asurements have to be made at the Chartrand-Trout lake road where the water runs in two channels. The measuring section is only fair, as part of the creek apparent- ly sinks, reappearing below the measuring section. The control, however, is good, the current vmiform, the channel ]iermanient, and the banks not liable to ovci-fiow unless the chamiel were l)l()ck('(l by logs, which arc abundant. 204 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Greenstone Creek, near ]\Iouth, 1913. Date. 1 Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. .\rea of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1913. Mav 10... Mav 28 .. H. J.E. Keys 1,057 ! 1,057 1 1.057 I Feet. 10-5 10- Sq. ft. 7-1 7-1 Ft . per sec. 2-7 2-2 Feet. 0-98 0-91 0-50 Sec.-ft. 19-3 U5-5 Sept. 1... do 10 Note — Gauge Reader— R. L. Burgess. ' 'Estimated. ]\IoNTLHY Discharge of Greenstone Creek near INIouth for 1913. (Drainage area, 20 square miles.) Month. DlSCH.\BGE I> • Second-Feet R LN-Orr. Maximum . Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. Mav 26 20-5 17-6 3-8 3-8 3o 15-4 9-3 8-0 3-0 0-77 0-46 0-4 0-15 0-89 0-51 0-46 0-17 947 553 July 492 1 184 Note. — This station gives the flow from Big Fish lake to Face lake. BRITI>:n COhrMBIA HYDUOGRAPHIC ^URTEY 205 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Greenstone Creek near ^louth for 1913. Day. April. May. June. Ju y. August. Gauge ' Di.s- . Height charge. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge ' Dis- charge. Height, charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height , Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 1 Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 10-7 1 10-9 10-2 .... 9-3 9-7 ' 8-7 Feet. ■■■ o^g' 0-85 '■■■o-7' 0-65 Sec.-ft. 17-6 16-7 15-7 14-9 14-1 13-4 11-4 9-3 7-3 6-7 61 5-5 5-6 5-7 5-9 6-1 6-2 6-4 6-6 6-8 7-0 7-2 7-3 6-6 6-0 5-3 4o 3-8 3-7 3-6 3-5 Feet. 0-55 ■ "6-55 ■'■'6-6' Sec.-ft. 3-4 •> 3-2 3 30 4 ' 0-75 9-2 6-6 0-7 3-8 7-5 8-0 7-3 7-3 7-3 2-9 5 2-8 6 0-6 2-6 2-4 8 0-8 11-2 r 0-7 7-3 161 fi-9 2-4 9 2-4 10 210 26-0 6-5 fi-1 2-5 11 1 _ 11 2-6 12 26-0 .5-7 26-0 5-4 24-2 5-0 2-7 13 11 2-8 14 2-9 1.5 22-4 20-5 19-2 18-5 17-8 17-2 16-6 16-0 15-4 14-8 14-2 13-6 13-0 12-4 11-8 11-2 10-6 4-6 4-2 06 3-8 4-3 30 16 i 1-0 31 17 1 3-2 18 , 3-3 19 " 0-65 0-75 " l.ii 4-8 oh 7-4 9-3 IM 12-9 14-7 16-5 18-4 20-5 19-5 18-6 ■■• 0-7' ■ ' 0-6 3-4 20 3-5 21 3-6 22 3-7 23 3-8 24 1 '>6 1 1 27 1 0-8 11-2 11-2 11-2 "■■6-8 29 30 0-8 31 GUICIKJX CREEK (aBOVE MAMIT LAKE). Location. — Water District Xo. 3, south of township 17, range 21, west 6th meridian. Records Available.^Jxmo 3. 1911; January 1. 1912. to X()venil)er 15, 1912; April 2o, 1913, to September 29, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Winter conditions exist during January, February an:n roLlMBIA HYDROChWrilK SIT^VFT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 207 Daily Oauge Heights and Discharges of Cluit-hon Creek ii'^ar Mamit Lake for 1913. April. May June. July. August. September. Dav. Gauge I Dis- | Gauge Dis- Gauge j Dis- Gauge I Dis- I Gauge | Dis- Gauge i Dis- Height-i charge. Height, charge. Height. I charge Height, charge. Height. I charge. Height, charge. Feet. 2-6 2-6 2-57 2-45 2-2 2-2 Sec. -ft. Feet. 2-05 2-05 2-0 1-94 1-9 1-87 1-8 1-95 2-75 3-4 3-75 3-95 4-0 3-9 3-7 3-7 3-85 3-9 3-85 3-75 3-7 3-55 3-45 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-3 3-25 3-05 Sec. -ft. Feet. Sec. -ft. 54 2-92 107 54 2-75 96 51 2-6 87 48 2-45 78 46 2-3 69 42 2-28 68 41 2-3 69 49 2-3 (59 96 2-35 72 136 2-32 7(1 160 2-2 ()3 175 2-35 72 179 2-3 69 172 2-2 63 157 2-2 ()3 157 2-2 63 167 21 57 172 2-07 ria 167 2-1 ■Tl 160 2-1 ni 157 2-2 63 147 2-3 69 140 2-3 69 136 2-3 69 136 2-45 78 136 2-85 102 136 3-35 133 136 3-8 164 129 4-65 230 126 4-27 19.S 114 Feet. Sec.-ft. 3-8 3-5 3-4 3-25 31 2-95 2-7 2 -.55 2-47 2-42 2-3 2-6 2-5 2-5 2-3 21 2 02 1-87 1-67 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-65 164 143 136 126 117 108 93 84 79 76 Feet. 1-45 1-45 1-42 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-35 1-55 1-8 1-67 1-6 1-55 1-5 1-5 1-4 1-32 1-25 1-25 1-27 1-27 1-25 Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 69 1-25 18 63 1-27 19 63 1-35 22 78 1-32 21 81 1-3 20 87 1-3 20 1-25 1-25 1-25 1-25 1-25 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-4 1-35 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 16 1-2 16 1-2 16 1-2 16 HAT CREEK AT HAT CREEK RANCH (NEAR ASHCROFT. B.C .). Locdtion. — Section 21, townshij) 22, ran,a;e 25, w(>st (ith meridian, just above the crossing of the Cariboo road, Mi\e 12. Records Available. —May 9 to August Ki, 1911; April 25 to August 2, 1912; April 26 to September 30, 1913, Winter Conditions. — Very short spells of severe cold; snowfall very light. Gauge. — The gauge is a 4-f()()t staff nailed to a small tree near the Lillooet road, a short AT. July. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. 1 2 Feet. 6-5 Sec.-ft. 932 894 855 819 782 750 715 683 652 637 623 596 569 544 519 494 468 444 420 386 353 331 310 293 267 220 174 191 209 238 267 Feet. '"5'35' ■■■5-2'" 51 "h'-b" ■■■5-6" '■'s-o' "h'-b" 4-9 ■"s-o" "h'-b" "i-b" "i'-s" 4-75 "i.j" Sec.-ft. 277 288 258 228 209 190 174 157 157 157 157 157 157 157 141 125 141 157 157 157 141 125 110 95 88 81 74 67 67 67 57 Feet. 4-6 ■■■4-8"' '"h'-b" '■■5-2" ■'s-i" 50 "i'-b" "i'-b" "i'-s" "i'-s" 4-75 'i'.'," '■■4:7 " "k'.b" Sec.-ft. 46 71 95 126 157 192 228 209 190 174 157 141 125 125 125 110 95 95 95 88 81 74 67 67 67 67 67 57 46 42 Feet. 4-55 '"i'.'s" "'4-45 "'4-45' "h'-b" 5-7 ■■■5-2" "50' •■■4:9' 5-0 '"s-o" ■"4-95' ■■■4-9" 4-9 Sec.-ft. 37 33 29 25 22 22 22 90 157 300 443 398 3.53 290 228 192 157 141 125 141 157 157 157 149 141 133 125 125 125 110 95 Feet. '"'4-8 ' '"4-8" 4-75 "i-7" "i'-i" ■"4-7" 4-8 ■"5-6" '■■4-9 ' '■'4-8" "■4-8" 4-9 ■'4-9" ■■4:8" Sec.-ft. 95 95 95 95 88 81 74 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 81 95 126 157 141 125 110 95 95 95 no 125 125 125 110 95 Feet. ■■■■4-8' ■■■■4:7" 4-6 ■■■■4;8' "'i'.i' ""i.2 "'i'.h' 4-6 ■'■■4-5' ■■■■4;4' ■"'4-3" ■■■4:3' 4.4 '■'4-5' ""i.-5 Sec.-ft. 95 95 3 6-4 81 I:::::::.:.... 67 5 6 6-3 56 46 7 6-2 70 8 95 9 6-1 55 10 15 11 6-05 10 12 5 13 5-95 17 14 29 15 5-85 5-75" 37 16 46 17 37 18 29 19 5-65 22 20 15 21 5-5 10 22 5 23 5-4 5 24 5 25 5-3 "'s'os' "s-is ■■■5-3 " 10 26 27 28 29 30 31 15 22 29 29 29 29 NICOLA RIVER (mOUTh). Location. — Section 1, township 17, range 25, west 6th meridian. Records Available. — August 1 to December 1, 1911; April 5 to December 21, 1912; May 9 to December, 11, 1913. Winter Conditions.- — -Not very severe. Stream is usually under ice cover during January and February. Gauge. — Inclined staff gauge bolted to a large rock on the stream's right bank, and referred to bench-marks. Tri-weekly readings arc obtained by Miss Violet Curnow. C/ianne/.— Stream is 100 to 150 feet in width, and has a rock and gravel bed. Flow varies from 150 to 5,000 c.f.s., and in gauge heights is G feet. Discharge Measurements. — The gauge-height-discharge curve is defined by well-distributed measurements. Accuracy. — The curve is excellently defined up to a discharge of 4,000 second-feet, which represents the maximum flow for an average year. Above this point the curve is projected for the season of 1913 when a maximum of 5,300 second-feet, was recorded. The accuracy of the whole is very high. NICOLA river AT MOUTH. The Nicola river rises in Nicola lake at an elevation of 2,020 feet, and dis- charges into the Thompson river near Spences Bridge, at an elevation of 700 feet. 250 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 The mean annual precipitation over the whole drainage area is verj^ small, not exceeding 15 inches. The area of the watershed is 2,650 square miles, 1,500 square miles of which is about 45 miles long and rises in Nicola lake, at an eleva- tion of 2,020 feet. Nicola lake is 10 miles long and from half a mile to 1| miles wide. It is fed chiefly by the following streams: (1) Guichon creek, which rises in the hills 15 miles south of Nicola lake, at an elevation of 3,000 feet. (2) The upper Nicola river rises in the Trepanage plateau some 25 miles southeast of Nicola lake at an elevation of 4,000 feet. Chaperon and Douglas lakes are both tributaries of this stream. (3) Stump lake and its tributaries 10 miles north-east of Nicola lake. (4) Moore Creek, which rises in the hills 10 miles north of Nicola lake. From Nicola lake the Nicola river flows in a southerly and westerly direction for 7 miles to Merritt, where it is joined by the Coldwater river. The Coldwater river is a large and flashy stream, draining 360 miles of country south of Merritt, and rising on the east slope of Anderson river mountain at an elevation of 4,000 feet. From Merritt the Nicola river flows in a northwesterly direction for 40 miles to discharge into the Thompson river at Spences Bridge, at an elevation of 650 feet. Thirty-five miles from the mouth, at Lower Nicola, Guichon creek enters. Guichon creek is a very contentious irrigation stream, and drains 475 square miles of land, a large percentage of which is suitable for cultivation, (See Gazetteer on Guichon creek.) Twenty-nine miles from the mouth, at Canford, Spins creek flows into the Nicola river. Spins creek drains 160 square miles of land east of Canford, rising 10 miles northwest of the source of the Coldwater river, at an elevation of 3,500 feet. The Nicola Valley is a famous ranching country, the rolling hills being suit- able tor grazing lands. Possibly the most celebrated district in the valley is the Douglas lake country. Here some 100,000 acres of land is controlled by one large company, known as the Douglas Lake Cattle Company. Good agricultural districts are scattered all through the Nicola river drainage. On Guichon creek alone probably 20,000 acres of land are under cultivation. The land around Nicola lake is all taken up. All through the valley, however, in dry seasons there is a scarcity of water, not so much due to the lack of water but to the lack of system in properly ulitizing the water, and good ditches. Considerable mining is carried on in the Nicola vallej'. At ^Merritt three coal mines are in operation, and in the vicinity several rich gypsum claims have been recorded. Practically all water-power possibilities of Nicola river proper have been eliminated by the presence of the C.P.R. Nicola Valley branch. This railroad follows the river between Spences Bridge and Merritt, and any development would interfere with the present right of way. There is small industrial power on Spins creek, but any installation would be expensive. The Coldwater river affords similar opportunities to Spins creek, but the power all through the valley is very limited. There are two stations on Nicola river. The upper one at Merritt was established on June 17, 1911, bv C. E. Richardson, and readings have been taken during 1911, 1912, and 1913. The measuring section is located on the upstream side of the highway' bridge, immediately below the mouth of the Coldwater river. ^Merritt station is shghtly over 1 mile distant from the C.P.R. track. Measurements are made by cable suspension. The gauge is a 6-foot standard vertical staff gauge. It is nailed to the right abutment of the bridge on its upstream side. The stream is confined between the bridge abutment to one channel, whose bed is gravelly. BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPEIC SURVEY 251 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f The elevation of the south rail of the C, P. R. Spences Bridge to Nicola Branch at the crossing of the road to CoUettsville is 15-03 feet above the datum of the gauge. The station at the mouth of Xicola river was established on June 19, 1911, by C. E. Richardson. The measuring section is located 200 yards from the mouth of the river on the upstream side of the highway bridge. Measurements are made by cable suspension. The gauge is an inclined staff bolted to a large rock on the right bank of the stream about six hundred yards above the measuring section. The river is always confined to one channel, whose bed is rock and gravel with no vegetation. During high stages of the Thompson river water is backed up to the measuring section, but not to the gauge. Discharge Measurements of Nicola River at Mouth, 1913. Date. Hydiographer. Meter Xo. Width. Area of section. Mean velocity. Gauge height. Discharge. Mav 9 K. G. Chishoira 1044 1055 1055 Feet. 130 150 113 Sq. ft. 490 778 194 Ft. per sec. 5-44 5-34 211 Feet. 5-49 6-65 2-5 Sec.-ft. 2.586 do 4,159 August 12 do 410 Monthly Discharge of Nicola River at Mouth for 1913. (Drainage area. 2,650 square miles.) Month. Discharge ix Second-Feet. Run -Off. Ma.idmum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage. area. Total in acre-feet. May 5,375 5,375 2,423 700 1,965 725 544 2,380 2,576 730 180 180 180 356 3,484 3,619 1,302 402 603 444 439 220 1-31 1-36 0-49 0-15 0-23 0-17 0-17 0-08 1-52 1-52 0-57 0-17 0-25 0-19 0-18 0-09 214,220 June 215,340 July 80.050 August 24,718 35,881 October 27,300 November 26,122 December 13,527 1 The period 5,375 180 1,314 0-49 4-49 637. 158 252 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Nicola River at Mouth for 1913. Day. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 7-4 1 5.375 2 5.251 3 :::::::: " ::;: 5.144 4. 5,037 5 7-2 4,925 6 4,486 7 6-6 4,050 8 4,050 9 5-3 2,380 2,416 2,452 2,490 2,520 2,550 2,580 2,610 2,650 2,690 2,730 2,706 2,682 2,660 3,635 5-7 ""h'.3 ""6.2 4,050 10 4,050 11 3,750 12 5-4 3,450 13.... 3,150 14 2,8-50 15 2,850 16 5-5 2,850 17 2,850 18 3,242 19 5-6 3,635 20 3,590 3,545 22 3,500 6-3 3,282 24 4,070 3,066 25 4,505 4,940 5-375 5,375 5,375 5,375 5,375 5-7 ■■■■5-6' 2,850 2,820 27::::::':::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::':::::::::;::::::::::::::::::: 7-5 2,790 2,760 29 2,730 30 1 2,576 31 i 1 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 253 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Nicola River at mouth for 1913. — Continued. Day. July. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2,423 2,270 2,147 2,023 1,899 1,775 1,665 1.555 1,445 1,407 1,369 1,332 1,295 1,258 1,222 1,186 1,150 1,120 1,090 1,060 1,030 1,000 970 940 910 880 850 820 790 760 730 Feet. 2-5 ■■■"2:2' ■•■"2:4' "■'2:7' 2-5 ■■■■2-2' 2-2 ""i'-s Sec.-ft. 700 671 642 613 584 555 526 497 468 439 410 382 354 327 300 323 346 370 430 490 410 355 300 300 300 300 270 240 210 180 180 Feet. ""i's ""i'-h' 4-9 ■■■■3:7 31 2-9 ■■■■2.4' ""i'-z ""2-3 Sec.-ft. 180 180 890 1,600 1,965 1,650 1,335 1,020 905 790 675 602 530 575 506 438 370 359 347 335 335 335 335 335 304 272 240 234 228 222 Feet. ""i'.g '"'i.'s' ■■■'i-s' '■'■2-6' '■■■3-2' Sec.-ft. 216 210 195 180 180 180 180 200 220 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 521 562 603 644 685 725 715 696 677 658 639 620 601 582 563 Feet. ■■■■2^3" ■■"2-9' 2-3 Sec.-ft. 544 525 506 487 468 449 430 411 392 373 354 335 415 495 575 553 531 509 487 465 443 421 399 377 356 335 360 385 410 374 Feet. ■■"2:2' 1-9 1-65 Sec.-ft. 337 2 5-2 300 3 276 4 253 5 232 6 4-7 210 7 187 8 174 9 4-3 161 10 1.58 11 145 12 13 41 14 15 16 17 3-9 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 28 30 30 31 NISKONLITH CREEK NEAR SHUSWAP. Location. — Section 5, township 21, range 13, west 6th meridian, below Niskonlith lake. Records Available. — September 1 to December 1, 1911; April 1 to September 13, 1912; May 1 to September 30, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Some short cold spells during the winter. Stream is practically dry from November to March. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge read semi-weekly by Miss Violet Hoffman. Channel.- — The stream bed is composed of large rocks and boulders, the current is swift and the control good. Discharge Measurements. — The curve is poorly defined for medium stages although meterings have been secured at high and low water. Accuracy. — The accuracy on the whole cannot be vouched for until further meterings are obtained. 'ij^ NISKONLITH CREEK. ^ Niskonlith creek, is a stream about 10 miles in length, 4 to 10 feet in width and varies from a few inches to 2 feet in depth. Its drainage area is 50 square miles. Its source is in the hills of township 22, range 14, west of the 6th meridian, the northern slope of which feeds McGillivary creek an important tributary of Louis creek. Niskonlith creek is little known and as yet unused above Niskon- 254 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Uth lake, an ideal storage reservoir 2 miles from South Thompson river at an elevation of 1,620 feet. The Indians of the Niskonlith reserve are the principal users, and the flow is well regulated by a dam installed by the Indian Depart- ment. It is capable of raising the level of Niskonlith lake, whose area is 1,000 acres, 8 feet, thus impounding 8,000 acre-feet which is however, much in excess of the normal run-off of the stream. The normal precipitation in the Niskonlith watershed is about 15 to 20 inches per annum. There is sufficient water in Niskonlith creek for all users, and suggestion has been made that some of it might be applied to land in the Pemberton and Moulton Creek valleys. A drop of over 500 feet in 2 miles between Niskonlith lake and the South Thompson indicated the possibility of a small power development. The mean flow, however is very small, but it might be augmented by diversion from a tributary of Adams lake. The station was established on August 26, 1911, by C. G. Cline, and semi- weekly gauge readings taken during the remainder of the 1911 and the whole of the 1912 and 1913 irrigation season. The station is located about half a mile above the highway, along the South Thompson river, and half mile below Niskonlith lake. It is also half a mile below the intake for the Indian Reserve irrigation ditch. The gauge is a 3 foot standard gauge, nailed to an inch birch on the right bank of the stream. It is nearly opposite an old deserted cabin, which stands on the flat. Measurements are made by wading. The banks are 3 to 5 feet in height, and the stream is confined to one channel, which varies in depth from a few inches to 2 feet. There are bench-marks, whose elevations are referred to the datum of the gauge. Discharge Measurements of Niskonlith Creek near Shuswap for 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911. Aug. 28 1912. April 17 May 20 C. G. Cline 1,046 1,046 1,044 Feet. 10 10 80 Sq. ft. 9-2 0-15 17-9 Ft. per sec. 0-5 0-6 3-7 Feet. 0-66 0-88 1-92 Sec.-ft. 4-43 Cline & Dann 0-1 E. M. Dann 66-9 Monthly Discharge of Niskonlith Creek, near Shuswap for 1913. (Drainage area, 50 square miles.) DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 26-5 30 13-5 38-0 26-5 33-4 30-2 0-4 81 17-5 0-4 11-9 15-0 10-5 11-7 Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. May June July August September. 0-26 0-66 016 0-24 0-24 0-30 0-74 0-18 0-28 0-26 830 1,990 500 730 700 Note. — Artificial control. BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 255 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Xiskonlith Creek, near Shuswap, for 1913. Day. May. June. Ju ■y- August. j September. Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height . I Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height . charge 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 30 3-0 3-0 30 3-0 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 5-3 8-1 8-1 8-3 8-5 8-8 11-0 13-0 15-0 17-0 20-0 20-7 21-3 22-0 22-5 23-0 23-5 24-0 24-8 25-6 26-5 26-5 Feet. "'l-25 1-45 ■■■i-45 "i'.i 1-35 '■'1:37' "i-32' Sec.-ft. 26-5 26-5 26-5 30-0 34-0 38-0 38-0 38-0 38-0 38-0 37-0 360 36-0 35-0 350 35-0 35-0 35-0 34-0 330 32-0 32-4 32-8 33-2 32-7 32-2 31-7 31-2 30-5 29-8 Feet. 1-3 ''l-32' "6-45' 0-7 :::::::: 0-6 '"0-55' 0-47 6-42' ■ 0-42' " O-i" Sec.-ft. 29-0 29-3 29-6 29-9 30-2 30-2 30-2 0-9 2-3 3-8 5-3 4-5 3-7 3-0 2-7 2-5 2-2 1-9 1-6 1-3 M 1-0 0-8 0-7 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-5 0-5 0-4 ' Feet. 0-4 "0-4" ■"6-4" 105 " 1-05 '"i-65 "l-65 1-05 "i-os' Sec.-ft. 0.4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 17-5 16-7 15-9 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1-0 15 2 14-6 3 14-2 4 6-95 13-7 5 0-95 1 13-2 6 12-8 7 ! 12-5 8 6-92 ' I'-?! 9 12-0 10 11-8 11 ll.fi 12 0-8 0-9 11-5 13 11-5 14 11. 5 15 0-82 0-9 11-5 16 11-5 17 .. . 11-5 18 0-9 11-5 19 ' ■■'o^ss' 0-87 "o-kY 11-3 20 21 1-1 IM 11-0 22 10-8 23 24 M5 10-7 1(1-6 25::.:; 26 27 28 1:2 10-5 10-5 10-5 10-5 29 30 31 "l-25 10-5 10-5 PAUL CREEK (bELOW PAUL LAKE.) Location. — Northeast boundary Kamloops Indian Reserve No. 1. Records Available.- — Julv 1 to October 6, 1911; May 12 to September 25, ]912; May 18 to September 30, 1913. Winter Conditions.- — Stream usually becomes very low and freezes, or dries up completely during the winter. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge read at least once a week by E. R. Ridout. Channel.- — Channel is rocky and current very swift at high stages. Discharge Measurements. — The gauge-height-discharge curve is fairly well defined, but owing to poor conditions for metering, the freshet flow is probably not deduced with the highest accuracy. The flow is artificially controlled by a dam on Paul Lake. Accuracy. — With the exception of the flood jK^-iod the accuracy of returns is high. PAUL CREEK. Paul creek has its source in towiishi]) 20, range 14, west 6th meridian, at an elevation of 3,500 feet and, flowing in a westerly direction, discharges into the North Thompson river, near Kamloops, at an elevation of 1,140 feet. It is part of the North Thompson drainage; the drainage area, above the outlet of 256 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Paul lake as measured from a Geological Survey map, dated 1895, scale 2 miles to 1 inch, is 110 square miles. The precipitation varies from 25 inches, in the hills at the source, to 10 inches at the mouth. Paul creek is a contentious irrigation stream, about 20 miles in length, varying from 5 to 25 feet in width, and from several inches to a foot in depth. The drainage basin of Paul creek is well timbered with British Columbia fir, and in the upper reaches, spruce and balm of gilead are to be found. The first record on the stream is held by the Indians of the Kamloops Indian reserve, and it is regrettable that this somewhat large share of the supply is not used to better advantage. Often at the height of the irrigation season, the Indian ditch may be seen discharging into the Thompson river, while their fertile land lies awaiting the water so necessary for successful production. The surplus flow of the stream, after the Indians are supplied, is held by the Harper estate, 12 miles east of Kamloops on the South Thompson river. A dam has been built by them with the co-operation of the Indians on Paul lake for storage purposes, and is effective in impounding a good portion of the spring run-off of the drainage basin. The dam could, however, be much improved, and the whole run-off successfully stored. In its upper reaches, Paul creek flows through several large marshes and hay meadows, which flood in the spring time. It has been suggested that if the channel of Paul creek were deepened as it passes through these meadows and marshes, evaporation would be materially decreased and the flow of Paul creek augmented. The residents of upper Paul creek (east of Pinantan lake) can raise good crops in average years without the aid of irrigation, although water when judiciously applied is of much assistance. Below Paul Lake. — The river station on Paul creek below Paul lake was established July 2, 1911, by C. G. Cline. The measuring section is in a flume just above the Harper estate, and I. R. diversion. A standard vertical staff gauge is located on the left bank 50 feet above the measuring section; all measurements are made by wading. This station was established to determine the flow from Paul lake. Above Pinantan Lake — ^This station was established August 25, 1911, by C. G. Cline, but was abandoned at the end of the irrigation season of 1912. This station was unsatisfactory, as the stream overflowed its banks during high water. Below Pinantan Lake. — This station was established June 13, 1912, by E. M. Dann. The measuring section is located on the down stream side of the highway bridge, 100 feet below the outlet of Pinantan lake; all measurements are made by wading. A standard vertical staff gauge is located on the down- stream side of the aforementioned bridge. This station was established to take the place of the one abandoned above the lake. Two measurements were taken in 1912. (See miscellaneous measurements on Paul creek.) Discharge Measurements of Paul Creek below Paul Lake, 1913. Date. Meter Area of Mean Gauge No. Width. Section. Velocity. Height. Feet. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. Feet. 1,057 5-5 5-0 7-8 2-40 268 5-5 8-2 110 2-70 1,057 5-5 •76 6-6 1-65 1,057 6-0 3-4 1-8 1-59 Discharge. 1913. May 7.. " 28.. Sept. 9.. " 16.. H. J.E. Keys... E. M. Dann H. J.E. Keys... Dann and Keys. Sec.-ft. 39-2 90-7 5-0 16- 1 Note. — Gauge reader, E. R. Ridout. * New measuring section. BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 257 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Monthly Discharge of Paul Creek, below Paul Lake, for 1913. (Drainage area, 65 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 90 34 23 9 35 23 10 0-5 52-3 29 15 4-5 0-80 0-45 0-23 0-07 0-89 0-52 0-26 0-08 3,112 July 1,783 922 268 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Paul Creek, below Paul Lake, for 1913. Day. May. June. July. August. September. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge 1 Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 2-7 Sec.-ft. 90 86 82 77 73 69 64 60 58 56 55 53 62 50 48 47 46 44 43 42 40 39 39 38 38 37 37 36 35 35 Feet. 2-3 "'2-25' ■■■2:2" '"2-i5' Sec.-ft. 34 34 34 33 33 32 32 32 32 32 31 31 30 30 30 29 29 28 28 27 27 27 26 26 25 25 24 24 24 24 23 Feet. ■■■2-6"' "i'-g" "'i'-ih' Sec.-ft. 23 23 22 21 21 20 20 19 19 18 18 17 17 16 16 15 14 14 13 13 12 12 12 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 10 Feet. ■i-s" 1-45 •■■i:3- Sec.-ft. 9 2, 9 3 9 4 8 6 8 6.. 8 7 7 8 2-6 7 9 6 10 6 11 5 12 5 13 4 14 3 15 2-5 3 16 3 17 3 18 2-6 60 58 56 55 53 52 50 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 "i'.i" "2-zh' 3 19 3 20 3 21 2-5 22 2 23 2 24 2 25 2-5 1-5 26 1-5 27 1 28 0-5 29... 30 :::::::: 31 1 1 Pene. PAUL CREEK (bELOW PINANTAN LAKE.) Location. — Section 27, township 20, range 15, west 6th meridian. Records Available. — June 1 to August 31, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Stream generally freezes over during the winter months. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge read daily during the irrigation season by A. 25r— 18 258 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Channel. — The channel varies in width from 3 to 15 feet. Together with Lloyd creek, this stream represents the chief source of supply for the Paul lake reservoir. Discharge Measurements.- — ^Three meterings only were taken and gauge- height-discharge curve is poorly defined. Accuracy. — Very little reliance can be placed on the figures appended. Discharge Measurements of Paul Creek below Pinantan Lake, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. 1.057 1,057 1,057 Feet. 12 3 3 Sq. ft. 12-4 0-3 0-3 Ft. per sec. 1-3 1-0 10 Feet. 1-57 0-32 0-30 Discharge. 1913 May 6... Sept. 10.. Oct. 6... H. J. E. do do Keys. Sec.-ft. 16-3 0-3 0-3 Monthly Discharge of Paul Creek below Pinantan Lake for 1913. Month. DlSCH,\RGE IN SeCOND-FeET. Maximum. Minimum. Mean Run-Off. Total in acre-feet . June July... August . 5-2 4-5 1-8 2-7 1-0 0-1 3-93 2-59 0-70 234 159 43 Note. — Accuracy "D". During low water Pinantan lake is practically dammed by boards to preserve the fishing. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDKOGRAPHIC SURTEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 259 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Paul Creek below Pinantan Lake, for 1913. Day. May. June. July. August . September. October. Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-85 0-8 0-8 0-8 0-8 0-8 0-8 0-85 0-75 0-7 0-7 0-75 0-75 0-7 0-8 0-8 0-8 0-75 0-8 0-8 0-8 0-8 0-85 0-85 0-85 0-85 0-85 Sec.-ft. 5-2 5-2 5-2 4-5 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-3 3-3 2-7 2-7 3-3 3-3 2-7 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-3 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-9 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 Feet. 0-S 0-8 0-85 0-8 0-8 0-8 0-8 0-8 C-75 0-75 0-75 0-8 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-65 0-65 0-65 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-35 0-55 C-35 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 Sec.-ft. 3-9 3-9 4-5 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-9 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-2 2-2 2-2 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-0 10 10 1-0 Feet. 0-5 0-5 0-55 0-55 0-3 0-5 0-6 0-6 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-55 0-5 0-4 0-4 0-45 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-3 0-3 0-35 0-3 0-25 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-15 0-15 Sec.-ft. 1-0 10 1-4 1-4 1-0 1-0 1-8 1-8 1-0 1-0 10 1-4 1-0 0-5 0-5 0-8 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-3 0-3 0-4 0-3 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 Feet. 0-2 0-2 0-25 0-25 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-3 0-2 0-2 0-2 Sec.-ft. 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-3 0-2 0-2 0-2 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2 3 4 5 6 1-57 16-3 0-3 0-.1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25. . . . 0-97 0-97 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 6-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-2 26 i 27 28 1 29 1 30 1 31 ' shuswap river. Location. — The gauging section is located in township 18, range 9, west 6th meridian at the highway' bridge at Enderby, B.C. Records Available.- — March to November, 1912; April to December, 1913. Winter Conditions.- — The thermometer seldom goes below ■ — 10°F. The snowfall at Enderby is not heavy; the river is generally frozen for about three months. Gauge.- — A vertical staff gauge is used and read l)y Mr. P. IMowatt, daily. Channel. — The channel is straight for 100 yards at section. The rise and fall in the river each j^ear is about 10 feet. No shift in control is as yet appre- ciable. Discharge Measurements. — Ten well distributed measurements have been made during 1911-12-13. Measurements are made from cable and boat, except in high water, when they are made from bridge. Accuracy. — Accurate gauge readings are obtained, the discharge measure- ment plot up well; these results are within 5 per cent except in high water, when they may not be more accurate than within 10 per cent. 25f— 18i 260 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR •5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Shuswap River near Enderby, 1911-13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter i No. 1 Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911 Aua;. 25 C. E. Richardson 1,048 1,048 1,047 Feet. 212 204 180 Sq. ft. 2,118 1,890 1,680 4,970 5,550 3,760 3.156 7.016 2.570 2.630 Ft. per sec. 0-92 0-69 0-35 2-31 2-36 1-67 1-04 2-60 2-18 1-23 Feet. 4-08 3-15 1-90 Sec.-ft. 1,948 Oct. 7 do 1,300 1912 Feb. 28 C. E. Richardson 587 May 20 June 16 C.E.R.&H.C.H C. E. Richardson 1,048 ! 283 1,048 , 332 1,048 275 1,048 245 10-65 1 11,400 12-05 1 13,094 Julv 13 do 7-34 ' 6,270 Sept. 7 do 4-60 1 3.270 1913 J.A.Elliott 1,672 1,048 328 250 230 14-60 7-55 5-20 18,700 5,eio 3,230 May 13 Aug. 26 J. A.EIhott 1,672 Monthly Discharge of Shuswap River, near Enderby for 1913. (Drainage area, 1,650 square miles). Month. DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. I Minimum. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage Total in acre-feet. April. May.. June. July August September. October November. December. . 5,660 603 14,. 300 4,150 21,800 13,400 13,600 5,380 5,240 2,810 3,160 2,180 2,080 1,720 1,980 1,560 1,560 965 1-64 4-40 10-57 5-52 2-29 1-68 1-18 1-06 0-75 1-83 5-07 11-80 6-36 2-64 1-87 1-36 1-18 0-86 161,000 446,000 1,040,000 560,000 233,000 165,000 120,000 104,000 76,200 BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDNOGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 261 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Shuswap River near Enderby for 1913. Day. Feet. Sec.-ft. 603 603 603 603 650 749 801 801 855 910 1,140 1,410 1,720 2,080 2,180 2,280 2,700 3,040 3,400 3,760 4,150 4,640 4,540 4,680 5,100 5,660 5,660 5,520 5,380 5,240 Feet. ' Sec-It. 12-4 5,100 4,820 4,680 4,410 4,280 4,150 4,150 4,150 4,680 5,240 3,520 5,940 6,130 6,660 6,800 7,100 7,100 7,250 7,250 7,250 Feet. 7,390 7,690 7,990 8,14C 8,930 13-5 13-3 13-1 12-8 12-6 16,300 15,900 15,600 15,000 14,700 9,720 10,500 11,600 12,600 13,400 12-4 12-3 12-1 12-0 11-9 14,300 14,100 13,800 13,600 13,400 14.300 Sec.-ft. 15,200 16,100 17,000 17,600 18,300 18,300 18,500 18,900 19,300 19,900 20,500 20,900 21,300 21,800 20,900 20,300 19,500 18,300 17,200 16,800 262 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Shuswap River, near Enderby for 1913. — Continued. Day. July. August. Septembei . October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 5,240 4,960 4,820 4,540 4,410 4,280 4,150 4,150 4,020 4,020 3,890 3,760 3,760 3,760 3,760 3.760 3.640 3,760 3,760 3,760 3,640 3,. 520 3,520 3,400 3,280 3,160 3,160 3.040 2,920 2.81C 2,810 Gauge Height Dis- charge Gauge Height Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 12-0 11-9 11-7 11 4 IM 10-7 10-7 10-4 10-2 10-0 9-9 9-7 9-6 9-5 9-6 9-4 9-2 9-0 8-8 8-5 8-4 8-2 8-1 7-9 7-8 7-6 7-4 7-3 7-2 7-1 6-8 Sec.-ft. 13,600 13,400 13, 100 12,600 12,000 11,400 11,400 10,900 10,, 500 10,200 10,000 9.720 9,560 9,400 9,560 9,240 8,930 8,620 8,300 7,840 7,690 7,390 7,250 6,950 6,800 6,520 6,130 6,080 5,940 5,8G0 5,380 Feet. 6-7 6-5 6-4 6-2 6-1 6-0 5-9 5-9 5-8 5-8 5-7 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-5 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-5 5-4 5-4 5-3 5-2 5-1 5-1 5-0 4-9 4-8 4-8 Feet. 4-7 4-6 4-7 5-0 51 51 5-1 51 5-1 5-1 5-1 5-1 51 5-0 4-9 4-9 4-8 4-7 4-7 4-7 4-6 4-6 4-6 4-5 4-4 4-4 4-3 4-3 4-2 4-2 Sec.-ft. 2,7C0 2,590 2,700 3.040 3,160 3.16C 3.160 3,160 3,160 3,160 3,160 3,160 3,160 3,040 2,920 2,920 2,810 2,700 2,700 2,700 2,. 590 2,590 2,590 2,480 2,380 2,.'^80 2,280 2,280 2,180 2,180 Feet. 4-1 4-1 4-0 4-C 4-0 3-9 3-8 3-8 3-8 3-7 3-8 3-8 3-8 4-0 4-0 4-0 4-0 4-0 4-0 4-0 4-1 40 4-0 4-0 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-1 4-0 4-0 4-0 Sec.-ft. 2,080 2,080 1,980 1,980 1,980 1,890 1,800 1,800 1,800 1,720 1,800 1,80C 1,800 1.980 1.980 1,980 1,980 1,980 1,980 1,980 2,080 1,980 1,980 1,980 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,080 1,980 1,980 1,980 Feet. 4-0 4-0 4-0 3-9 4-0 4-0 4-0 4-0 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-9 3-8 3-8 3-8 3-7 3-7 3-7 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-6 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 Sec.-ft. 1,980 1,980 1,980 1,890 1,980 1,980 1,980 1,980 1,890 1,890 1,890 1,890 1,890 1,800 1,800 1,8C0 1,720 1,720 1,720 1,640 1,640 1,640 1,640 1,540 1,640 1,640 1,560 1,560 1,560 1,560 Feet. 3-5 3-5 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-2 3-2 3-2 31 31 31 3-0 3-C 3-0 3-0 3-0 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-7 2-7 2-6 2-6 Sec.-ft. 1,560 2 3 1,560 1,480 4 5 1,480 1,480 6 1,410 7 1,410 8 1,410 9 1,340 10 1,340 11 1,340 12 1,270 13 1,270 14. 1,270 15 1,210 16 1,210 17 1,210 18 1,210 19 1,210 20 1,140 21 1.140 22 1,140 23 24 25 26 27 28 1,140 1,080 1,080 1,080 1,080 1,020 29 30 1,020 965 31 965 SHUSWAP RIVER AT COTEAU FALLS. Location. — At Highway bridge crossing below Coteau Falls near Lumby, B.C. Records Available. — Complete records have been taken by Coteau Power Company and C. N. R. engineers during 1912 and 1913. Through their courtesy these records for 1913 have been made availal)le. Gauge.- — ^Vertical staff gauge with standard enamel facings. Gauge read- ings obtained daily by R. H. Si)urling, C.E. Channel. — Varying in width from 70 feet at low wat(T to 150 feet at high water. The jamming of logs on a gravel bar below the gauge is a cause of possible backwater. Discharge Measurements. — The company's engineer obtains a metering at every appreciable change of stage. A check measurement on his results bj'- British Columbia Hydrograjihic engineers showed a discrepancy of 6 per cent. Accuracy. — Furth(>r check measurements Avill l)e made during 1914, Accur- acy is i)roba))ly very high since obviously great care is taken in ()l)taining results. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 263 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f ]\IoNTHLY Discharge of Shuswap River near Coteau Falls for 1913. (Drainage area, 640 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Depth in Per square inches on mile. Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. January February.. March April May June July August September October. . . November December. The year. . 530 336 382 •60 •69 23,488 478 382 412 •64 •67 22,881 417 371 388 •61 •70 23,857 2,730 374 1,405 2-20 2-45 83,600 9,200 1,605 3,925 6-13 7^07 241,340 13,276 6,280 S,778 13-72 15^31 523,330 6,150 2,600 4,288 6- 70 7^72 263,660 23,74 1,470 2,070 3 ■23 3^72 127,280 25.28 1,079 1,528 2^39 2^67 90,920 1,350 900 1,139 r78 2-05 70,040 1,160 728 887 1-39 1-55 52,780 710 455 541 •85 •98 33,265 13,276 336 2,145 336 45^58 1,555,41 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Shuswap River near Cotean Falls for 1913. D.^y. January. February. March. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 530 530 487 455 413 395 435 482 455 382 336 337 340 340 340 343 351 355 343 340 .351 355 355 355 352 352 .352 352 348 345 345 Feet. Sec.-ft. 345 382 438 418 393 383 383 383 383 383 383 383 383 395 417 435 476 455 455 455 393 478 455 435 417 417 406 395 Feet. Sec.-ft. 417 417 417 417 395 Feet. Sec.-ft. 374 374 374 374 384 425 412 412 420 463 563 757 1,065 1,247 1,440 1,475 1,670 1,880 2,160 2,320 2,5.50 2,730 2.595 2,458 2,430 2,315 2,280 2,220 2,024 1.957 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1,870 1,805 1,710 1,675 1,605 1,620 1,610 1,705 1,975 2,595 2,975 3,330 3,983 4,020 3,930 3,720 3,. 590 3,440 3,330 3,400 3,440 3,753 4,020 4,760 5,475 6,000 6,375 7.790 8,320 8,660 9,200 Feet. Sec.-ft. 9,400 2 10,198 3 10,4()0 4 11,700 5 10,570 fl 395 9,840 7 395 395 395 405 413 382 376 372 375 376 395 407 388 378 373 376 376 378 376 376 378 373 371 371 374 9,310 8 9,6,50 9 11,780 10 13,275 11 13,276 12 12,475 13 10,945 14 10,678 15 9,335 16 8,160 17 6.913 18 I 6,334 19 6.300 20 ........ 6,788 21 7,460 22 7,310 23 6,595 24 6,430 25 6,430 26 6,430 27 6,280 28 6,360 29 6,356 30 6,356 31 1 1 1 264 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Shuswap River near Coteau Falls, for 1913. — Continued. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Day. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Dia- Gauge ' Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge I Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge. Height, charge. Height. i charge. Height, charge. Height, charge. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 6.150 2,374 5,910 1 2,310 5,616 2,270 5,460 2,310 5,108 1 2,310 4,770 r 2,310 5,114 2,270 5,400 1 2,270 5,204 1 2,506 5,100 2,520 4,950 ' 2,250 4,566 2,210 4,450 1 2,210 4,340 i 2,190 4,250 2,190 4,020 2,130 3,910 , ] 2,030 Feet. Sec.-ft. 3,900 3,620 3,620 3,725 3,900 3,900 3,900 3,750 3,600 3,410 3,020 2,850 2,820 2,600 2,067 2,130 2,090 2,067 1,990 1,900 1,812 1,812 1,750 1,675 1,670 1,548 2,530 1.470 1,415 1,401 1,352 1,800 2,200 2,528 2,380 2,200 1,958 1,860 1,730 1,530 1,539 1,475 1.420 1,350 1.287 1,294 1,350 1,364 1.300 1,420 1,360 1.310 1,265 1,230 1,167 1,150 1,130 1,079 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. I Sec.-ft. . Feet. 1,050 1,040 999 960 945 930 920 920 900 I 920 1,010 1,165 1,280 1,290 1,300 1,280 1,225 1,225 1,240 1,240 1,200 1,200 730 1.330 1,350 1,287 1,273 1,250 1,148 1,140 1,127 1,160 1,060 1,023 1,050 1,050 1,042 1,034 1,020 I 1.020 990 940 873 840 825 840 825 825 778 790 776 776 755 730 740 740 765 755 728 740 Sec.-ft. 710 688 651 545 640 625 615 600 580 565 548 548 548 548 548 540 530 530 505 478 475 475 475 470 460 465 465 465 465 455 465 SCOTTIE CREEK. Location. — Section 16, township 23, range 25, west 6th meridian, north of Ashcroft, B.C., and tributary to the Bonaparte river. Records Available. — June 1 to October 31, 1911; April 1 to September 8, 1912; May 1 to November 28, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Conditions throughout the winter are similar to those obtained at Ashcroft. There is however, a slightly higher snowfall. Under ordinary circumstances the stream freezes up during the winter months. Gauge. — Standard vertical staff gauge installed above diversions. Readings made daily during the irrigation season by A. G. Hunter. Channel. — At measuring section the water is sluggish owing to effect of dam below. The gauge is above all influence of backwater. The stream is 15 to 20 feet in width and the control is good. Discharge Measurements. — The gauge-height-discharge curve is fairly well defined, but during the freshet the necessity for a stilling box at the gauge was felt. Accuracy. — Accuracy of returns shown is only fair. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIG SURYET 265 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f SCOTTIE CREEK. Scottie creek has its source in the Arrowhead hills, at an elevation of 5,000 feet, and discharges into the Bonaparte river from the east, near 19 mile post on the Cariboo road, at an elevation of 1,600 feet. It is part of the Thompson- Fraser drainage. Its drainage area above the mouth is 73 square miles, and the gauging station is near the mouth. The water is used for irrigation, and the supply is usually insufficient. Water from Scottie creek was used for placer mining at one time. The drainage basin of Scottie creek is very rough, with no agricultural land. There are canyons on the stream in places, and the fall is quite hea\'y^ There is a wagon road for only half a mile up the creek, with a pack trail for several miles far- ther. There was a placer mine in the valley at one time, but it has been abandoned. There are indications of mineral in the vicinity. There is some timber in the valley, bu'; it is mostly small and its main use would be to conserve the moisture and prevent erosion. jNIost of the land in the watershed will be used for nothing but grazing. At one of the canyons a storage dam might be constructed to store surplus flood waters for use in the latter part of the irrigation season. The canyon is said to be 30 feet deep and 20 feet wide with a good basin behind it. Scotttie creek is in the dry belt. The precipitation is from 8 to 10 inches The weather is hot in summer and cold in winter. The gauge on Scottie creek is near the mouth, just above Walker's diversion. Since the station was established Hunter has dug a ditch above it, and was diverting water through it during part of July and August, 1912. The station was established on June 6, 1911, and the gauge readings were taken twice a day during the irrigation seasons of 1911 and 1912 and 1913. The gauge is a 5-foot cedar staff securely nailed to a tree stump on the left bank of the creek about 200 feet above Walker's diversion, and just behind Hunter's stable. The meter measure- ments are made by wading at a section 50 feet below the gauge. The stream above the section is rapid, and below the section it is backed up by the diversion dam. The banks are high enough to prevent overflowing, and are covered with bushes. The bed of the stream is rocky in the rapids with a deposit of mud in the quieter water at the dam. The influence of the dam does not extend to the gauge. It is hard to read the gauge accurately at high water. The general level of the water near the gauge should be taken, not the point to which the water backs up. The bank is undercut at the gauge, but it does not seem to effect the accuracy. Discharge Measurements of Scotttie Creek, above Walker's Diversion, 1913. Date. I Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1913 Apr. 30.... May 24.... May 26 . . Chisholm & Cline .. K. G. Chisholm .. . do 1.055 1,055 1,055 1,055 Feet. 17 18 18 15 Sq. ft. 10-50 15-45 14-05 6-94 Ft. per sec. 1-3 1-64 1-77 1-13 Feet. 0-95 1-27 1-27 0-81 Sec.-ft. 14 25 25 Aug. 1 do 7-9 266 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Monthly Discharge of Scottie Creek above Walker's Diversion for 1913. (Drainage area, 73 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. May June July August September, October November The period 41-5 22-5 28-8 16-2 10-2 10-2 9-0 Minimum. 130 9-5 10-2 7-1 7-1 8-1 71 138-4 62-1 Mean. 22-8 12-6 15-3 9-7 7-7 8-4 7-2 Per square mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 1,402 750 941 596 458 516 428 12-0 1-30 5,091 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Scottie Creek above Walker's Diver- sion for 1913. April ■ May. June. Day. Gauge Height . Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 10 0-95 0-95 0-97 0-97 10 10 102 1-35 1-85 1-65 1-65 1-65 1-65 1-45 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-3 1-3 1-3 l-2o 1-25 1-25 1-22 1-22 1-2 115 110 107 Sec.-ft. 14-7 13-0 13 13-7 Feet. 1-07 Sec.-ft. 159 2 107 15-9 3 102 15-3 4 ■95 I 13 5 13-7 -95 , 13 ,§ 14-7 14-7 15-3 25-6 41-5 351 351 ■92 12-1 ■9 11-5 s ■9 : 11-5 9 ■9 11-5 10 ■9 U-5 11 • 87 10-7 12 ■85 10-2 13 35-1 1 -85 1 10-2 14 35-1 -85 : 10-2 15 28-8 25-6 25-6 25-6 25-6 24- 1 241 241 22-5 22-5 22-5 21-5 21-5 20-9 19-3 17-8 15-9 •85 , 10-2 15 •82 •82 •82 •82 •82 •82 •82 •82 ■82 •87 1^05 115 11 1-25 1-25 95 17 9-5 Ig 95 19 9-5 ■20 9-5 21 9-5 22 9-5 23 95 24 9-5 25 10-7 26 162 27 19-4 28 17^8 29 22-5 30 225 31 100 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 267 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Dlscharges of Scottie Creek above Walker's Diver- sion for 1913. — Continued. Day. Jul y. Aug ust. September. October. November. Gauge Height . Dis- chai ge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. MO 1-02 1^02 1-02 10 •95 •95 •95 •92 •9 •85 ■9 1-05 135 135 145 1^27 1^27 1^25 1^2 1^05 ■95 ■92 ■92 ■85 ■85 ■85 •85 •85 •85 •85 Sec.-ft. 17-8 15-3 153 15-3 14^6 130 13 0 13^0 121 11-5 10^2 11^5 16-2 25^6 25^6 28-8 231 23- 1 22^5 20-9 16-2 13 0 121 121 10-2 10^2 10-2 10-2 10^2 10-2 10^2 Feet. ■82 •82 •82 •8 ■75 •75 •75 •75 •75 75 •75 •75 •85 •85 •82 •80 •85 •95 11 1^05 •97 •90 •90 •85 •82 •75 •75 •75 ■72 •7 •7 Sec.-ft. 95 9^5 95 9^0 8^1 8-1 81 8^1 8^1 8^1 8^1 81 10^2 102 9^5 90 10^2 130 17^8 16^2 13-7 115 115 10^2 9^5 8^1 8-1 8-1 7-5 ?■! 7^1 Feet. •7 •7 ■7 •7 •7 ■7 •7 •7 :| •7 ■7 •7 ■7 ■7 ■7 ■7 ■7 ■7 •7 ■75 ■85 •85 •82 •80 ■77 •75 •75 •75 •75 Sec.-ft. 71 71 7-1 71 71 71 7^1 7^1 71 7^1 71 7^1 7^1 7^1 7-1 7^1 7-1 71 7-1 7^1 8-1 102 10^2 9^5 9-0 8-4 8^1 8^1 81 8^1 Feet. 75 75 77 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 80 •80 •77 •75 ■75 ■75 •8 •8 -8 ■75 ■75 •75 ■75 ■75 ■85 ■85 ■75 ■75 ■75 •75 Sec.-ft. Feet. 81 75 8^1 -75 8^4 ^65 8^1 .65 8^1 .7 8-1 -75 8^1 1 -85 8-1 ^85 8-1 .75 8^1 -75 8-1 .65 9-0 .55 9-0 .55 8-4 .55 81 ^75 ^^•1 ^75 8-1 ^75 9^0 .55 90 .75 90 .55 8-1 ^75 8^1 ^65 8-1 .55 8-1 .75 8^1 1 -75 10-2 .75 10-2 -8 8^1 Sec.-ft. 8.1 2 . 8-1 3 6-2 4 6^2 5. 7^1 6 8^1 7 . .. 10^2 8 10^2 9 8^1 10 8-1 H 12 4^7 13 4-7 14 . ... 4-7 15 8^1 16 8^1 17 8^1 18 4-7 19 8^1 20 4-7 21 22 8^1 6-2 23 4^7 24....*. 8^1 25 8-1 26 81 27 90 28 29 8^1 30 8^1 t 31 8-1 .... SPIUS CREEK. Location. — Section 15, township 13, range 23, west 6th meridian. Records Available. — August 18 to November 22, 1911; Mav 8 to Scptem])er 12, 1912; May 25 to November 30, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Ice conditions exist from November to February under normal conditions. There are several cold periods usually of short duration. Gauge. — Chain gauge established on March 18, 1914, to replace staff gauges which gave unsatisfactory results. The gauge height is read daily by George A. Longbottom. Channel. — The channel is of rocks and boulders and the velocity of the current is high, even at low water. Discharge Measurements. — Numerous meterings have l)ecn obtained, but it will be necessary to have the new gauge completely rated during 1914. Accuracy. — The accuracy of results obtained from discharge curves during the past three years is low, and only slight dependence may be placed on them. SPIUS CREEK. Spins creek has its source in mountains n(>ar townshij) 11, range 23, west 6th meridian, at an elevation of 4,000 feet and flowing due north for 25 miles, discharges into Nicola river, near the Railway Belt boundary, at an elevation of 1,800 feet. It is part of the Nicola-Thompson drainage; the drainage area, as measured from a Dominion sectional map, scale .3 miles to an inch, is 344 square 268 DEPAETBIENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 miles. The stream is used for both lumbering and irrigation. It is a stream varying from 25 to 100 feet in width, from 2 to 10 feet in depth, and with a mean velocity of from 1 . 5 to 5 feet per second. There is a very large freshet in May. The bed of the stream is generally rocky, and at times it passes through canyons and over small falls. The valley of the creek varies from one-fourth of a mile to 1 mile in width, and contains good agricultural land, for which irrigation is necessary, the precipitation not exceeding 20 inches, excepting very near the source. Considerable land is also taken up along Prospect creek, a large tributary entering from the west, about 10 miles from the mouth. Several timber limits are held along Spins creek about 5 miles from the mouth, by the Nicola Valley Pine Lumber Company. This company established a mill 1 mile up the creek; constructing a timber, rock filled dam, 40 feet high, which affords them a log pond of 25 acres. Logs are driven down the creek during the freshet in May and June. The first station was established on August 15, 1911, by C. E. Richardson. This station was abandoned at the end of the 1911 season on account of a dam put in by the Nicola Valley Pine Lumber Company, causing back water, and a new gauge put in below the dams by C. E. Richardson on May 22, 1912. On June 22, C. G. Cline moved this gauge up-stream because of interference from irrigation ditchhead works. B. Corbould put in another new gauge in August 14, 1912, which was carried away by a freshet on November 9. Mr. Keys put in a new staff gauge on May 26, 1913, which was again carried away by a freshet. Mr. Keys then established a chain gauge at Longbottom's ranch, 2 miles from the stream's mouth in August, 1913. This was found to be unreliable, so it was replaced by a new chain gauge installed by Mr. Chisholm, on March 18, 1914. Discharge Measurements of Spius Creek at Longbottom's Ranch, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1913. Aug. 1 " 21 H J E. Keys 1,057 1,057 Feet. 72 80 Sq. ft. 85 44 Ft. per sec. 1-6 21 Feet. 60 5-8 Sec.-ft. 132 do 194-6 Note. — ' Different section. Monthly Discharge of Spius Creek, near Canford, for 1913. (Drainage area, 344 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 535 265 564 40 43 123 171 131 200 192 162 0-50 0-38 0-58 0-55 0-46 0-56 0-44 0-65 0-63 0-51 10.200 July 8.050 11,900 304 123 218 132 11,800 9,640 Note. — Accuracy "D". A gauge was established below dam in same position as former gauge in May. But pier to which gauge was fastened was torn out. Finally a chain gauge was established about 2 miles above dam on August 1. This gauge was found unsatis- factory and was replaced by a new chain gauge on March 18, 1914. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC 8URTET SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 269 8piu.s Creek — Metering Station. 270 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Spius Creek, near Canford, for 1913. Dat. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec. -ft. Feet. 3-0 3-0 3-0 30 2-25 2-25 2-25 2-25 2-5 2-25 205 2-25 2-3 Sec. -ft. 535 2 535 3 535 4 535 5 200 6 20O 7 200 8 200 9 290 10 200 11 142 12 200 13 21.1 14 20 130 15 1-55 1-5 1-4 1-4 1-75 1-8 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-7 1-7 65 16 : 60 17 50 18 50 19 88 20 95 21 70 70 23 70 80 25 2-35 2-5 3-0 3-0 2-5 2-75 2-7 232 80 26 290 1-4 535 1-3 50 27 40 28 535 290 405 380 1-35 45 29 45 30 45 31 BRITISH COLUMBIA EYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 271 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Spius Creek, near Canford, for 1913 — Continued. Day. July. August. September. . October. 1 1 November. i December. Gauge Height . Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Db- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 6-0 Sec.-ft. 132 132 132 Feet. 6-0 5-95 R-l Sec.-ft. 132 123 150 564 425 284 256 237 237 218 208 198 198 198 188 178 178 178 168 159 159 159 159 159 159 150 150 150 141 132 Feet. 6-0 60 5-95 5-95 5-95 6-0 60 6-05 6-1 6-6 6-7 6-9 6-9 6-6 6-5 6-5 6-4 6-4 6-4 6-4 6-4 6-4 6-45 6-45 3-4 6-35 6-3 6-25 6-2 6-2 6- 15 Sec.-ft. 132 132 123 123 123 132 132 141 150 246 265 304 304 246 227 227 208 208 Feet. 6-1 6- 05 60 6-0 60 6-1 6-15 6-2 6-2 6-2 6-2 6-2 6-2 6-15 ice. 6-45 6-35 Sec.-ft. 150 141 132 132 132 150 159 168 168 168 168 168 168 159 189 218 198 168 168 168 159 150 150 159 168 159 159 159 159 159 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2 3 4 6-0 60 60 60 6-05 6-0 5-5 5-5 6-7 6-5 60 5-7 5-7 6-05 6- 17 6- 15 61 6-05 6-05 6-0 6-0 6-0 60 5-95 5-9 5-9 5-9 5-95 132 8-17 132 7-5 132 6-8 132 fifiS 5 6 7 8 141 132 43 43 265 227 6-65 6-55 6-45 6-4 6-35 fi•.^^ 9 10 11 12 13 14 132 1 6-35 78 6-3 15 16 78 141 163 159 150 141 141 132 132 132 132 123 113 113 113 123 6-25 6-25 6-25 6-2 6- 15 615 6-15 6-15 6-15 6-15 61 6-1 61 6-05 6-0 17 18 1 19 208 fi-5 j 20 208 208 208 218 218 208 198 188 178 168 168 159 6-2 6-15 61 6-1 615 6-2 615 615 615 615 6- 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1 28 29 30 31 1 STEIN CREEK. Location. — At highway bridge, near mouth, in section 27, township 15, range 27, west of 6th meridian, Records Available. — September 22 to December 23, 1911; January 14 to November 24, 1912; April 11 to August 31, 1913. Winter Coyiditions. — Open water at gauge all year. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge. Also auxiliary chain gauge on bridge. Gauge readings about once a week. Channel. — Rocks and Boulders — eddies at certain stages. Discharge Measurements. — One measurement in 1911, three in 1912, and one in 1913 show fair agreement but do not cover the bigger freshets. Accuracy. — The infrequency of the gauge readings impairs the reliability of the records. STEIN CREEK. Stein creek has its source in the mountains surrounding Mountain Stein, at an elevation of 5,000 feet, and flowing in an easterly direction for a distance of 30 miles, discharges into the Fraser river near Lytton at an elevation of 500 feet. It is part of the Fraser drainage; the drainage area, as measured from a Dominion sectional map, scale 3 miles to 1 inch, is 130 square miles. 272 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 The precipitation at the inouth is small, not exceeding 20 inches, but at the source on the eastern mountains of the Coast range, the precipitation, both rain and snow, is heavy, from 50 to 70 inches. The maximum discharge in 1912 amounted to 3,000 second-feet on June 30; the minimum flow was 80 second-feet on the 10th of March. The stream is generally about 50 feet wide, from 2 to 10 feet deep, and varying in velocity from 1 . 5 to 8 feet per second. The valley is rough and broken, covered with underbrush and scattered timber. The stream is swift and turbulent, rushing in and out of canyons, and over rapids and falls. The drop in the last 20 miles of the river is at the rate of 150 feet per mile. Through this district the hunting is excellent , and the fishing unexcelled. Stein creek was prospected years ago, and a trail still runs practically to the source, but it presents great difficulties to travellers. Stein creek is used at the present time for irrigation purposes. Records to the extent of 1,000 inches have been taken out, appurtenant to lands in the vicinity along the valley of the Fraser. The C.P.R. investigated Stein creek regarding water-power possibilities. The chief objection to any power development on Stein creek is the lack of storage. Good summer power may be obtained. The hydrographic station on Stein creek was established on September 22, 1913, by C. E. Richardson. The measuring section is located on the down- stream side of the highway bridge, about half a mile from the mouth, and 3 miles from the Fraser river ferry above Lytton. All measurements are made by suspending the meter from a cable. A standard vertical staff gauge is fastened to the cribbing of the right abutment, on the downstream side. In the spring of 1912 a chain gauge was established, for use during high water; the datum of both gauges is the same, and is referred to three bench-marks. DiscHABGE Measurements of Stein Creek near Mouth, 1911, 1912 and 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911. ept. 22 1.048 1,046 1,046 1,046 1,055 Feet. 57 38 55 50 50 Sq. ft. 203 121 279 250 251 Ft. per sec. 3-4 1-3 4-9 4-8 4-8 Feet. 0-60 -1-00 1-75 1-70 1-55 Sec.-ft. 685 1912. March 27 C. G. Cline '152 May 30 C. G.C. &B. C 1,360 July 26 C. G. Cline 1,190 1913. Sept. 6 C.G.C.&K.G.C 1.195 Note. — ' Below zero of gauge. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPEIC SURVEY 273 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Monthly Discharge of Stein creek near Mouth for 1913. (Drainage area, 130 square miles.) Month. Dlscharge IN" Secoxd-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. | Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. April.. May. . . June . . . July... August 2,970 4,800 2,110 1,660 500 630 585 1 , 659 2,817 1,791 1,251 4-5 12-7 21-6 13-8 9-6 502 14-6 24- 1 15-9 IM 34,800 102,030 107,000 110,000 76,900 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Stein creek near Mouth for 1913. Day. Ap ril. May. June. July. August Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. I Feet. Sec.-ft. 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 550 560 580 600 620 640 660 670 680 690 670 660 650 640 620 620 600 600 610 620 Feet. '■■ 6;5' 1-4 ■■■■2-3' ••■•3:4- ■4-0 ••■4:3 Sec.-ft. 630 640 640 700 760 820 880 940 1,000 1,060 1,120 1,210 1,300 1,390 1,480 1,570 1,660 1,760 1,860 1,960 2,060 2,160 2,270 2,370 2,470 2,570 2,670 2,760 2,830 2,900 2,970 Feet. 7-0 ■'■■2-8' 3^2 "'2-8" ■■'2-85' Sec.-ft. 3,200 3,500 3,800 4,200 4,500 4,800 4,500 4,200 3,900 3,500 3,200 2,800 2,600 2,300 1,980 2,040 2,090 2,140 2,190 2,240 2,210 2,170 2,130 2.100 2,070 2,040 1,980 2,000 2,010 2,020 Feet. ■"2-9 3-0 ■■■■2:8' 2-8 2-0 ■■■ 2-2 Sec.-ft. 2,020 2,030 2,040 2,060 2,080 2,110 2,080 2,040 2,040 2,020 2,000 1,980 1,980 1,900 1,830 1,760 1,690 1,620 1,5,50 1,480 i,,5no 1,510 1,520 1,540 1,550 1,560 1-570 1 , 580 1 , 600 1,620 1,640 Feet. 2-3 1-5 ' I'.e' 1-3 1-4 ■ 0-9 ■ 0-8 Sec.-ft. 1 , 660 2 1 , 630 3 1 , 600 4 ' 1,570 5 1,540 6 1 , .500 7 1 , 480 8 1,450 9 1,420 10 1,380 11 0-30 1 , 340 12 1,310 13 1,280 14 1 , 2,50 15 1 , 220 16 1,180 17 1 , 200 18 1,220 19 1,240 20 0-60 1,200 21 1,170 22 1,140 23 1,100 24 1,070 25 0-45 0-45 0-40 1,100 26 1,120 27 1 , 030 28 940 29 840 30 820 31 790 THOMPSON RIVER AT SPENCES BRIDGE. Location. — Section 2, township 17, range 25, west Gth meridian. Records Available.- — October 25 to December 31, 1911; January 1 to Decem- ber 31, 1912; January 1 to December 31, 1913. 25f— 19 274 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Winter Conditions.- — There are some short cold periods as a rule, but the river usually remains open throughout the year. Gauge.- — The gauge is a chain gauge with graduations marked on Ijridge rail. Daily readings are made by Miss Violet Curnow. Channel. — The channel varies from 400 to a httle over 500 feet in width, the flow ranging from 4,000 second-feet at low water to 110,000 second-feet at high stages. At high water the stream is 16 feet deeper than at low, while mean velocities range from 2 feet per second to 11 feet per second. Discharge Measurements.- — Measurements are made by cable suspension from the upstream side of traffic bridge spanning the river at the town of Spences Bridge. Owing to the extremely high velocities at high stages meterings are ver}^ difficult to obtain. However, the discharge-gauge-height curve is well defined. Accuracy. — Results for 1913 bear a high degree of accuracy and are consider- ed to be within 5 per cent of the truth. Tliuiiipsun River at Spences Bridge. (Metering Station. Thompson river from Kandoops to Lytton is 74 square miles. (1) The North Thompson river rises at an elevation of 4,000 to 6,000 feet, about 10 miles south of Tete Jaune Cache. It might ])e noted here that within a radius of 5 miles may be found the source of the Fraser, the Canoe (a large tributary of the Columbia river) and the North Thompson river, the three streams which drain practically the whole of British Columbia. From its source, the North Thompson river flows south to Kamloops, Avhere it joins the South Thompson river. The valley of the North Thompson is being opened up by the Canadian Northern Pacific railway, which runs beside the river from Tete Jaune Cache to Kamloops. The mineral wealth of the country in this drainage is still unknown. Mica exists in large quantities in the upper valley above j\Iad river. Cold has been found in various tributaries, and at present a mine is being worked at Louis creek, about 30 miles from Kamloops, which, if it turns out well, will be a big asset to the surrounding country. Water-power may be developed on the river BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 275 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f itself at Hells Gate, 160 miles up. A head of 30 feet may be obtained, and a minimum flow of 300 to 500 second-feet. Of the tributaries, the Barrier river, at the 35-mile post, is the most important. A plant is now being installed whereby the city of Kamloops will obtain its light and power from the Barrier. Good industrial powers of 1,000 to 2,000 horse-power, may be located on the following streams: Mad river, at the 97-mile post; Tum Tum creek, at the 112- mile post; Salmon or Porcupine creek, at the 136-mile post; Hell Roaring creek, at the 152-mile post; Pj^ramid creek, at the 162-mile post, Clearwater river 70 miles from Kamloops. From Tete Jaune Cache to Kamloops by the river is about 250 miles, but by the C.N.R. it is less than 190. (All mile-posts are located by the C.N.R.) From Kamloops to Mad River, at the 97-mile post the valley varies from half a mile to 1 mile in -w-idth. The soil is a sandy loam, and first-class land for fruit and mixed farming. Above Mad River the valley becomes much narrower, and there are only about 16,000 acres of arable land. Irrigation is required up to the 100-mile post, the precipitation varying from 7 inches at Kamloops to 40 inches at the Albreda Summit. Practically all the land has been taken up in the valle3\ There is very little large timber in the valley, except near the source, where several limits are held. The streams and rivers above the 97-mile post are devoid of fish, said to be due to the large amount of mica in the waters, and apart from a few bears, there is no game to speak of in the valley. The gauging station on the North Thompson river is 18 miles from the mouth. Here the river is 500 feet wide, and the clepth varies from 6 feet to 25 feet, The rise and fall of the river at this point is about 15 feet. The maximum discharge in 1912 was 50,000 second-feet in May. The minimum flow was 2,050 second-feet in March. Maximum for 1913 was 65,000 in June, mini- mum 33,000 in April. The North Thompson river is navigable during the summer from Kamloops to the 92-mile post, from the 112-mile post to 125-mile post, and from 137 to 172 mile. (2) As before stated, the North and South Thompson meet at Kamloops. Strictly speaking, the Thompson river rises in the Shuswap lakes, and is only a flowing stream between Chase and Kamloops, a distance of 40 miles. And it is a very slow flowing stream. The drop between the Shuswap lakes and Kamloops being only 15 feet. The valley between Kamloops and Chase is from 1 mile to 3 miles wide, and is very suitable for mixed farming and fruit growing. The drainage is 400 square miles, and a large percentage of this land may be cultivated or used for grazing purposes. The one great drawback is the lack of water for irrigation. The remaining 7,000 sc^uare miles of the South Thompson drainage are drained by the Shuswap lakes. The chief feeders of this body of water are the Adams river, Anstey river, Seymour river. Eagle river, Shuswap river, and Sal- mon river. The precipitation throughout the drainage of these streams averages about 30 inches, the Salmon river being the only one in the dry belt. The Adams river is an ideal power stream, and also drains a fertile and well-timbered country. The ^huswap river has two good power sites on it, one below Sugar lake and the other below Mabel lake. Immense timber limits are held around Mabel and Sugar lakes. The Shuswap river drains the famous Okanagan valley from Armstrong north. The Salmon river drains the Grand Prairie district so Avell known as a mixed farming and ranching country. F'or furtiior infonnalion on these streams sec the individual gazetteers and reports. The gauging station on this river was installed at Chase, B.C., in 1911. The width of the stream at the section is 400 feet, the depth from 15 feet to 25 feet 2oF— 19* 276 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 The maximum flow during the two years was 36,000 c. f. s., and took place on March 1, 1912. The rise and fall of the river at this section is 10 feet. The South Thompson is navigable during the summer. Steamers ply be- tween Chase, Sicamous, Salmon Arm, Anstey Arm, and Seymour Arm. (3) From Kamloops the river flows into Kamloops lake, which is about 20 miles long and from 1 mile to 2 miles wide. As the river leaves the lake the fall becomes greater, and in the 20 miles to Ashcroft there is a drop of 200 feet. After leaving Ashcroft the river flows through the Black canyon. Between Ashcroft and Spences Bridge the river is very swift, and in the 25 miles there is a fall of 225 feet. Between Spences Bridge and Lytton the river is in a canyon practic- ally all the way (30 miles). The fall in this distance is 317 feet. At Lytton the Thompson river discharges into the Fraser river. The Canadian Pacific Railway follows the left bank of the river from Kamloops, also from Chase to Lytton. The Canadian Northern Railway comes down the North Thompson and then follows the right bank practically all the way to Lytton. This elimin- ates any power possibilities. There are good bench lands on both sides of the Thompson between Kamloops and Spences Bridge. The Ashcroft district is famous for its potatoes. The other benches are practically the same soil, and equally as valuable. Lack of water is the great difficulty in cultivation all through this district. The preci- pitation is very small, not exceeding 10 inches. The three largest tributaries of the Thompson river below Kamloops, are the Deadman, entering from the right, below Savona lake, the Bonaparte entering from the right at Ashcroft, and the Nicola entering from the left at Spences Bridge, all drain rich agricultural districts and ranching countries. Practically the whole drainage below Kamloops and above Spences Bridge consists of a rolling-hill country unexcelled for ranching, and rich agriculturally where water can be obtained. There is gold in the Thompson river, iron is prevalent in the Kamloops district, and three coal mines are working at Merritt in the Nicola valley. The gauging station was established at Spences Bridge in October 1911, and continuous daily readings have been taken since. The river at this section is 400 feet wide and from 8 feet to 20 feet deep. The water is very swift, and never freezes in the winter. The maximum flow in 1912 was 90,000 c. f. s., and the minimum was 5,000 c. f. s. The Thompson river drains the most settled part of the interior of British Columbia, with the exception of the lower Okanagan valley. The climate generally might be described as hot and dry in the summer, a cold short winter, with little snow. The country is well supplied with game, and fishing is good in both large and small streams and lakes. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Monthly Discharge of Thompson River at Spences Bridge for 1913. (Drainage area, 21,000 square miles.) 277 Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run -Off. Maximum . Minimum . Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 6,620 5,870 5,330 23,200 73,600 110,420 86,800 50,000 34,800 22,280 14.400 9,390 5,075 5,000 4,925 5,240 23,200 78,000 52,070 35,400 22,740 14,820 9,950 5,750 5,730 5,454 5,152 11,749 42.460 95,976 64,703 42,270 29,205 17,013 11,811 4,355 0-27 0-26 0-25 0-56 2-02 4-57 3-08 2-01 1-30 0-81 0-.56 0-21 0-31 0-27 0-29 0-62 2-33 5-10 3-56 2-32 1-55 0-93 0-62 0-23 3.52,320 302,900 316,800 699, 100 2,610,700 5,711,000 July 3,978,000 2,599,000 1,7.37,500 1,045,900 702,600 267,780 110,420 4,925 27,990 15-99 18-13 20,323,600 Discharge Measurements of Thompson River at Spences Bridge, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1913. May 8... June 16... . . K. G. Chisholm & C. G. Cline. .. K. G. Chisholm 1,044 1,055 1,044 1,055 Feet. 400 511 503 446 Sq. ft. 4,351 8,989 9,229 5,735 Ft. per sec. 5-42 10-67 10-83 7-45 Feet. 7-1 17-7 18-15 11-4 Sec.-ft. 23.593 95,674 June 18... Aug. 12... . . K. G. Chisholm & C. G. Cline. .. K. G. Chisholm 99,970 42,739 1 278 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Thompson River at Spences Bridge for 1913. DAT. January. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. February. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. March. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. April. Gauge I Dis- Height. charge. May. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. June. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Feet. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Sec.-ft. 6,620 6,620 6,450 6,450 6,290 6,000 6,000 5,750 5-550 5,330 5,075 5,330 5,330 5,330 5,330 5,425 5,423 5,330 5,530 5,530 5,640 5,870 5,750 5,640 5,530 5,530 5,530 5,640 5,640 5,750 5,750 Feet. Sec.-ft. 5,870 5,530 5,330 5,350 5,240 5,000 5,000 5,530 5,640 5,750 5,640 5,640 5,530 5,425 5,330 5,530 5,425 5,425 5,425 5,425 5,530 5,640 5,530 5,425 5,425 5,330 5,330 5,240 Feet. Sec.-ft. 5,420 5,330 5,330 5,330 5,330 5,240 5,330 5,330 5,240 5,330 5,330 5,240 5,240 5,240 5,155 5,000 4,925 4,925 4,925 4,925 5,000 6,000 4,925 4,925 5,000 5,075 5,155 5,155 5,155 5,155 5,240 Feet. Sec.-ft. 5,240 5,330 5,330 5,330 5,330 5,425 5,425 5,425 5,530 5,530 5,, 530 5,840 5,670 6,140 7,000 8,270 8,850 9,390 10,850 13,650 17,340 19,060 20,440 22,280 23,200 23,200 23,200 23,200 22,740 Feet. Sec.-ft. 22,280 22,740 23,200 23,200 23,200 23,200 23,200 1,3,660 25,500 27,800 29,800 31,300 33,320 35,400 36,440 38,000 40,220 41,900 44,200 44,200 48,670 55,000 61,170 62,770 64,420 66,080 66,910 66,910 67,740 70,240 73,600 Feet. Sec.-ft. 15-5 78,000 160 82,400 16-6 87,680 17-2 92,980 17-4 94,800 17-6 96,620 17-8 98,480 17-8 98,480 17-8 98,460 18-1 101,220 18-6 105,820 18-9 110,420 191 110,420 19-0 109,500 18-8 107,660 18-7 106,740 18-4 103,980 18-0 100,300 17-5 95,710 17-3 93,890 17-1 92,080 17-1 92,080 17-1 92,080 17-1 92,080 17-0 91,200 16-9 90,320 16-9 90,320 16-9 90,320 16-8 89,440 16-6 87,050 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 279 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Thompson River at Spences Bridge for 1913 — Continued. Julv. August. September. October. December. D.^Y. Gauge Height . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feet. 15-5 16-4 16-4 160 15-6 15-4 15-0 14-6 14-3 14-2 14- 1 14-0 13-9 13-8 13-6 13-5 13-3 13-0 12-8 12-5 12-7 12-8 13-0 13-2 131 13-2 13-3 13-0 12-8 12-5 12-3 Dis- Gauge charge. Height Sec.-ft. Feet. 85,920 85,920 82,400 78,880 77,120 73,600 70,240 67,740 66,910 66,080 65,250 64,420 65,595 61,970 61,170 59,570 57,250 55,750 53,520 55,000 55,750 57,250 58,770 58,000 58,770 59,570 57,250 55,750 53,520 52,070 Dis- ! Gauge i Dis- Gau^e Dis- Gauge 1 Dis- ] Gauge Dis- charge. Height.! charge Height, charge Height. ' charge. Height, charge. Sec.-ft. 50,000 48,020 46,740 46, 100 46, 100 46,100 47,380 47,360 47,340 46,380 46,740 45,480 45,460 44,820 44,200 43,020 41,340 41,340 40,780 32, 100 38,540 37,480 37,480 36,960 36,440 36,440 36,900 37,430 36,440 35,920 35,400 Feet. Sec.-t. 9-4 34,800 9-3 34,360 9-1 35,520 9-0 32,800 8-9 32,300 9-0 32,800 9-3 34,360 9-1 32,520 91 33,520 9-0 32,800 8-9 32,300 6-7 31,300 8,5 30,300 8-3 29,300 8-2 28,800 8-2 28,800 8-1 28,300 8-0 27,800 8-0 27,800 7-9 27,340 6-0 27,600 7-8 26,800 7-7 26,420 7-6 25,960 7-5 25,500 7-3 24,580 7-2 24,120 7-0 25,200 6-5 22,740 6-9 22,740 Feet. Sec.-f(. ' Feet Sec -ft. 22,280 21,360 20,440 20,440 20,440 19,980 19,080 18,180 12,340 16,500 5-0 4-9 4-8 4-7 4-7 14,400 14,020 16,650 13,280 13,280 12,910 12,910 12,910 12,910 12,910 4 4 4 4 4 16,080 16.080 10,080 16,080 16,080 4-5 4-4 4-3 4-2 41 12,. 550 ' 12,200 ' 11,860 11,520 11,800 I 4 4 4 4 4 16,080 16,080 16,080 16,080 16,980 41 4-2 4-4 4-2 41 11,800 11,, 020 12,200 11,. 520 11,180 4 4 3 2 2 16,080 16,080 15,660 15,240 15,240 3-9 3-8 3-8 3-9 4-1 10,, 530 10,230 10,230 10,530 11,180 2 3 3 5 2 1 15,240 15,660 15,060 15,660 15,240 14,820 4-1 3-8 3-8 3-7 3-7 11,180 10,230 10,230 9-950 9,950 Feet. Sec -ft 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-4 3-4 3-3 3-2 3-3 3-2 31 30 2-9 2-8 2-7 2-65 2-6 2-6 2-6 2-55 2-5 : 2-7 2-6 2-5 2-4 2-0 1-8 1-8 2-0 9,390 9,390 9,. 390 9,390 9,110 9,110 8,830 8,550 8,830 8,550 8,270 8,000 7,740 7,430 7,240 7,120 7,000 7,000 7,000 6,900 6,S0C 7,240 7,000 6,800 6,520 6,450 6,290 6,000 5,750 5,750 6,000 THOMPSON RIVER AT KAMLOOPS. Location.- — Section 6, township 17, range 20, west 6th meridian, just below confluence of the North and South Thompson rivers. Records Available. — April 1 to September 30, 1911; ^NTarcli 24 to December 31, 1912; April 1 to December 31, 1912. Winter Conditions. — River generally freezes over completely about 1st of January and remains so until early in. March. During 1913-14 the river remained practically open throughout the winter. On March 5, 1912, a metering under ice cover showed a discharge of 3,980 second-feet. This represents the normal run- off during winter months. Gauge. — A vertical staff gauge read daily bj^ George Clappcrton. Channel. — The width of the channel varies from 100 to 800 feet, while at high water the depth is from 12 to 17 feet greater than at low stages. Discharge Measurements. — The flow is well defined for a range of discharges from 4,000 to 90,000 second-feet. The stream, as a rule, reaches a maximum of over 100,000 second-feet. The peak of the flood flow is usually about the 20th of June, though this may vary a couple of weeks owing to climatic conditions. Accuracy. — The accuracy on the whole is of a high degree, and except for the short period during which the flow is greater than 90,000 second-feet, the results as attached are considered to be within 5 per cent of actual conditions. 280 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 THOMPSON RIVER AT KAMLOOPS. The Thompson river has its source at the junction of the North and South Thompson rivers at Kamloops, at an elevation of 1,130 feet and discharges into the Fraser river at Lytton at an elevation of 464 feet high water or 417 feet low water. The drainage area above Kamloops is 14,400 square miles. The gauge used is the British Columbia Meteorological Service gauge at the lower traffic bridge at Kamloops, and daily readings have been taken by this survey continuously since September 8, 1911. Readings are available for this gauge since the summer of 1910, but owing to two changes of datum of uncertain amount, it was not considered advisable to make use of readings except those taken by this survey. The river rises from the end of March to the middle of June, from 12 to 17 feet, receding slowly until December 1, when freeze-up generally takes place and remains fairly constant till the break-up in March. At low water the mean velocity is about 0-5 feet per second, at high water about 5 feet per second. Discharge Measurements of Thompson River at Kamloops 1911-12, 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911. Sept. 8 Oct. 3 1,048 1,048 1,048 1,057 1,057 1,048 1,048 1,048 1,057 Feet. 7-15 7-06 6-95 6-85 6-90 7-68 7-68 7-65 7-83 Sq. ft. li,600 10,100 8,650 8,030 8,037 14,300 13,100 12,300 17,540 Ft. per sec. 1-90 1-36 0-83 0-50 0-51 3-33 2-74 2-70 4-95 Feet. 4-37 2-50 0-50 Sec.-ft. 22,000 13,700 Deo. 1 » 7,180 1912. Mar. 5.... 3.980» Apr. 8 -0-20 8-50 7-07 6-20 13-1 4,090 July 9 47,700 July 22 35,900 Aug. 23 33,400 1913. June 6 H.J. Keys 86,890 Note. — 'Ice cover. BRITISH COLUMBIA EYDBOGHAPHIC SVRYE7 281 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Monthly Discharge of Thompson River at Kamloops, for 1913. (Drainage area, 14,400 square miles.) Month. April May June July August September. October November . December. The period. D TSCH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Run -Off. Depth Per in inches Total Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square on in mile. Drainage acre-feet. area. 16,600 1,900 9,370 ()-65 0-72 557,500 66,800 15,800 31,265 217 2-50 1,924,600 100,500 70,200 85,000 5-90 6-58 5,057,800 74,500 41,300 54,342 3-77 4-35 3,338,800 40,600 27,900 33,968 2-36 2-73 2,090,600 29,600 17,100 22,400 1 • 55 1-73 1,332,900 17,500 11,800 13,742 0-96 Ml 842,400 12,200 8,100 9,827 0-68 0-76 584,900 8,700 5,500 6,974 0-48 0-55 428,570 100,500 1,900 29,654 2-06 21-03 16,158,070 Note. — Accuracy "A". Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Thompson River at Kamloops for 1913. Day. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge 1 Dis- Height. ! charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 -1-5 -1-4 -1-0 -1-0 -0-9 -0-8 -0-7 -0-3 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-5 0,9 1-4 1-6 1-9 21 2-5 2-8 3-1 3-2 3-2 3-1 3-0 30 31 31 3-1 1,900 3-1 2,000 3-1 16,200 16,200 11-2 11-6 12-1 12-4 12-7 13-0 13-0 12-8 13-3 13-7 14-1 14-5 14-5 14-5 14-6 14-2 13-6 70,200 2 73,600 3 2.500 3-1 16,200 77,900 4 2, .500 3-1 2,700 1 3-0 2,900 j 3-0 3,100 3-0 4,100 3-1 5, ,500 1 3-3 5,500 , 3-6 5,500 4-3 16,200 15,800 15,800 15,800 16,200 17,100 18,400 21,600 25,200 27,900 28,500 29,000 29,000 29,000 29,600 29,600 30,800 32,600 35,000 36,400 38,, 500 42,700 46,300 50,200 55,000 58,200 63,400 66,800 80,500 5 83,200 6 85,900 7 85,900 8 84,100 9 88,600 10 92,200 11 96,000 12 5,500 5,, 500 6,400 7,800 8,, 500 10,200 5-0 5-5 5-6 5-7 5-7 5-7 99,600 13 99,600 14 99,600 15 100,500 16 96,900 17 91.300 18 11,400 5-8 12,200 ' 5-8 13,700 6-0 14,900 ' 6-3 16,200 1 6-7 16,600 , 6-9 16,600 1 7-2 16,200 7-8 15,800 ' 8-3 15,800 8-8 13-2 87,700 19 12-6 12-2 12-6 12-8 12-5 12-5 12-2 12-2 82,300 20 78,700 21 82,300 22 84,100 23 82,300 24 81,400 25 78,700 26 78,700 27 12-3 79,600 28 16,200 16,200 16,200 9-4 9-8 10-4 10-8 12-1 11-9 11-7 77,900 29 76,200 30 74,500 31 1 282 BEPARTMElsT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gal'ge Heights and Discharges of Thompson River at Kamloops for 1913 — Continued. Day July. Gauge Height Dis- charge. September October November. December. Gauge j Dis- Height. ; charge. Gauge Height. Dis- I Gauge Dis j Gauge charge . ' Height . charge . Height . Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet. Sec.-ft. 74,500 74,600 73,600 70,200 66,800 62,500 60,000 58,200 59, 100 55,800 55,000 55,800 54,200 51,700 50,900 50,200 47,900 47,100 45,600 46,300 47,100 49,400 50,200 50,900 50,900 50,200 49,400 47,100 44,100 44, 100 41,300 Feet. 7-2 7-0 7-3 7-4 7-3 7-5 7-3 7-2 7-2 7-0 7-0 6-7 7-0 7-0 6-8 6-5 6-3 6-0 6-0 6-0 6-0 5-8 5-7 5-7 5-8 1 60 5-9 5-8 5-7 5-5 5-7 Sec.-ft. 38,500 37,100 39,200 39,900 39,200 40,600 39,200 38,500 38,500 37-100 37, 100 35,000 37, 100 37,100 35,700 33,700 32,600 1 30,800 30,800 30,800 30,800 29,600 29,000 29,000 29,600 30,800 30,200 29,600 29,000 27,900 ; 29,000 ' I Feet. I Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. ' Sec.-ft. Feet. 5-5 27,900 5-2 26-300 5-0 25,200 4-9 24,600 4-8 24,100 4-7 23,600 5-8 29,600 5-2 26,300 4-2 21,200 4-5 22,600 4-9 24,600 4-7 23,600 4-6 23,100 4-5 22,600 4-7 23,600 4-6 23,100 4-4 22,100 4-2 21,200 4-4 22,100 4-5 22,600 4-2 21,200 4-1 20,800 4-0 20,300 3-8 19,400 41 20,800 3-8 19,400 3-6 18,400 3-3 17,100 3-3 17, 100 3-4 ■ 17,500 17-500 16,600 16,600 16,200 15,800 14,900 14,100 14,100 13,300 12,500 12,500 12,200 11,800 12,900 12,900 15,800 14,500 14,900 13,700 12,900 12,500 13,700 12,500 12,500 12,900 12,200 13,700 12,900 12,900 12,900 12,500 2-1 2-0 2-1 20 2-0 1-8 1-8 1-7 1-8 1-5 1-5 1-8 1-5 1-3 1-5 1-3 1-2 1-5 1-4 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-1 11 1-0 12,200 11,800 12,200 11,800 11,800 11,000 11,000 10,600 11,000 9,900 9,900 11,000 9,900 9,100 9,900 9,100 8,700 9,900 9,500 8,700 8,700 8,700 8,700 8,700 8,700 8,700 8,700 8,400 8,400 8,100 Sec.-ft. 8,100 8,700 8,700 8,700 8,100 8,400 8,400 8,100 8,100 7,400 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 6,700 6,700 6,400 6,400 6,400 6,100 5,800 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 5,500 NORTH THOMPSON RIVER. Location. — Section 23, township 22, range 17, west 6th meridian., above the "Hefferly riffle." Records Available.— April 1, 1912, to December 20, 1912; April 13, 1913, to December 31, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Stream is usualh" under ice cover from January 1 to April 1. Meterings made of the flow under ice cover showed on Febuary 9, 1912, a discharge of 2,120 second-feet, and on March 12 a discharge of 1,560 second-feet. Gauge. — A chain gauge is used and daily readings are made by E. Sutton. Channel. — The channel is about 400 feet wide, and the water is 10 to 15 feet deeper at high than at low stages, mean velocities varying from 0.3 to 5.3 feet per second. Discharge Measurements. — The flow is well defined by seven well-distri- buted meter measurements. Considerable difficulty is encountered, however, in securing meterings of maximum floAV. Accuracy. — The accuracy, on the whole, is fairly high (within 10 per cent). NORTH THOMPSON RIVER. For general description of North Thompson river see Thompson river at Spences Bridge. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 283 Discharge ]\Ieasurements of North Thompson River near Black Pines P. 0. 1912 and 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. .\rea of Section. 1 Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1912. Feb 9 C G Cline 1046 1047 1046 1044 1057 1057 1057 Feet. 380 380 380 400 390 410 420 Sq. ft. 4,230 4,020 5,240 7,775 4,750 11,980 7,440 Ft. per sec. ; 0-5 0-39 1 1-36 3-73 0-7 5-2 4-5 Feet. 10-0 Sec.-ft. 2,120* Mar 12 . C. Richardson 1,560 April 19 C. G. Cline 11-6 16-8 10-3 24-8 20-2 7,150 29,025 3,330 1913. 62,620 July 22 H. J. E. Keys 34,100 * Ice conditions. Monthly Discharge of North Thompson River near Cooney's Ranch for 1913. (Drainage area, 7,000 square miles.) DlSCH.\RGE IX SeCOND-FeET. Run-Off. Month. -April -May June July .\ugust September. October November. December. The period 14,507,500 284 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of North Thompson River 1 mile above Jamieson Creek for 1913. Day. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge 1 Dis- Height . ' charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. 3,300 3,300 3,300 3,300 3 300 Feet. 12-6 12-4 12-3 12-4 19.4 Sec.-ft. 11,000 10,300 9,950 10,300 10,300 10,300 10 300 Feet. 23-7 24-2 24-4 24-7 24-5 24-4 94. J. Sec.-ft. 57 880 2 60,080 60 960 3 4 . . 62 380 5 61 500 6 3 400 1 ^'>-i 60,960 60,960 59 640 7 3,400 3,400 3,400 3,400 3,500 3.540 4,380 5,840 7,200 7,880 8,900 9,600 11,000 13,160 13,160 15,060 14,680 14,300 13,160 12,780 12,400 12,400 11,700 11,350 12-4 12-4 12-7 13-5 14-9 15-6 5-7 16-0 16-0 15-8 15-9 15-7 15-8 161 16-5 16-8 17-2 17-8 18-5 19-1 19-9 21-0 21-8 22-8 23-2 8 10300 ^"i-i 9 11-350 14,300 19,620 22,500 22,900 24,100 24,100 23,300 23,700 22,900 23,300 24,530 26,250 27,540 29,260 31,840 34,750 37,640 41,160 46,000 49-520 53,820 55,680 24-6 24-9 25-2 25-4 25-1 24-8 24-6 24-0 23-4 22-3 22-0 21-9 22-8 23-2 22-8 22-5 22-6 22-8 22-7 22-5 22-4 22-4 61 940 10 63 260 11 64 480 12 i6-3 10-6 11-1 Jl-5 11-7 12-0 12-2 12-6 13-2 13-2 13-7 13-6 13-5 13-2 13-1 13-0 13-0 12-8 12-7 65,360 64,040 62 820 13 14 15 61 940 16 : 59 ''00 17 56 560 18 51 720 19 50,400 49,960 58,820 55,680 53,820 20 21 22 23 52 600 25 52,940 53,820 53,380 52 600 26 28 52 160 30 !i9. Ifin 31 1 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 285 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of North Thompson River 1 mile above Jamieson Creek for 1913. — Continued. JuK August. Day. Gauge Height Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge . September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge , Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 22-4 22-6 21-8 21-4 21-0 52,160 52,940 49,520 47,760 46,000 20-4 43,360 19-9 41,160 20-8 45,120 20-9 45,560 19-9 41,160 20-0 41,600 20-4 43,360 19-8 40,720 19-7 40,280 , 19-4 38,960 19-5 39,400 18-9 36,470 18-6 35,180 18-7 35,610 18-8 36,040 19-2 38,080 19-8 40,720 20-4 43,360 20-5 43,800 20-9 45,560 20-6 44,240 19-9 41,160 19-6 39,840 19-3 38,520 18-9 36,470 18-3 33,990 Sec.-ft. Feet. I Sec.-ft. 33,560 33,130 35-610 37,640 38,080 38-960 40,280 40,720 41,160 39,840 38,520 38,960 39,400 40,280 38,960 37,640 35,180 33,560 33,560 t 33,130 } 32,700 31,840 .30,980 33,130 33,. 560 33,990 33,560 33,560 32,700 33.560 32,700 31,840 29,690 28-400 29,260 30,980 36,040 30,980 30, 120 28,400 27,540 27,110 26,680 26,2.50 26,680 26,250 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. | Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 15-4 15-2 15-1 15-0 14-9 14-7 14-5 14-4 14-3 14-2 141 14-0 13-9 14-9 15-7 21,700 20,900 20,500 20, 100 19,620 18,860 18,100 17,720 17,340 16,960 16,580 16,200 15,820 19,620 22,900 25,820 15-3 21,. 300 25,. 390 15-6 22,500 25,390 15-5 22,100 27,110 14-6 18,480 27,. 540 14-5 18,100 27,110 18,100 26,680 18,100 25,820 18,100 24,530 18,100 23,300 18, 100 22,900 18,100 22.100 14-5 18, 100 21,700 14-4 17,720 21,700 14-4 17,720 22,500 14-3 17-340 14-2 16,960 14-1 14-0 13-9 13-8 13-8 13-6 13-6 13-6 13-5 13-5 13-5 13-5 13-4 13-4 13-4 13-4 13-3 13-3 13-3 13-3 13-3 13-3 13-3 13-2 13-2 16,580 16,200 15-820 15,440 15,440 14-680 14,6S0 14,680 14.301) 14,300 14,300 14,300 13,920 13,920 13,920 13,920 13,540 13,540 13,. 540 13,540 13,160 13,160 13,160 13,160 13,160 13,. 540 13,540 13,540 13,160 13-160 13-2 13-2 13-1 13-1 13-0 13-0 12-9 12-9 13-0 12-9 12-9 12-9 12-8 12-8 12-6 12-4 12-3 121 12-1 12-2 12-3 12-2 12-2 121 13,160 13,160 12,780 12,780 12,400 12,400 12,050 12,050 12,400 12,050 12,050 12,050 11,700 11,700 11,700 11,700 11,700 11,700 11,700 11,700 11,700 11,000 10,300 9,950 9,250 9,250 9,600 9,950 9,600 9,600 9,250 THOMPSON RIVER NEAR CHASE. Location. — The station is located in township 21, range 13, west 6th meridian, just below Little Shuswap lake, 1 mile from Chase, at the Adams River Lumber Company's wharf. Records Available.- — May to July, 1911; April to De('eml)er, 1912; April to December, 1913. Winter Conditions. — The winter conditions in this district are fairly severe, the thermometer going as low as (-20 °F.). The snowfall is about (i feet. The river generally freezes over or is affected by ice conditions for two or three months each winter. Gauge. — A vertical staff gauge is used and read by Mr. F. Cook of the Adams River Lumber Company, Chase, B. C. Channel. — Immediately above the section the river broadens out into Little Shuswap lake. Below the section the river is straight for 200 yards where there is a slight riffle in low water. The river is navigal)le. Discharge Measurements. — Eleven well distributed measurements have been made in 1911-12-13. Measurements are made from temporarily established cable and boat. Accuracy.- — Accurate gauge readings are obtained, conditions for metering are favourable; these results should be; within 10 per cent. 286 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Thompson River near Chase 1911-12-13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. • Area of section. Mean velocity. Gauge height. 1 Discharge. 1911. Oct 20 CER 1048 1047 1047 1048 1047 1047 1049 1048 1057 1057 1055 Feet. 415 325 465 485 495 460 445 460 500 500 420 Sq. ft. 4,450 3,710 6,480 7,190 7,600 6,200 5,180 5,780 8,390 7,850 4,378 Ft. per sec . 1-30 0-68 5-53 4-24 4-46 5-18 2-25 2-26 4,50 4-10 1-51 Feet. 0-8J 0-10 5-5 7-2 8-0 50 2-98 3-5 9-52 8-0 l-7i Sec. ft. 5,780 1912. Mar 1 2,384 May 18 June 13 19,600 30,800 June 21 33,800 July 24 Sept . 5 1913. May 12 June 10 19,600 I 11,600 C.E.R.&J.A.E H. J.E. K 1 13,100 38,100 ! 32,400 Oct. 22 K.G.C 6,627 1 Monthly Discharge of South Thompson River near Chase for 1913. (Drainage area, 7,000 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. I Maximum. I Minimum. Mean. Run-Oft. Total in acre-feet. April May June July August September October... November December. 9,970 26,000 48,300 39.200 21,200 12,600 9,360 6,970 6,060 2,800 10,200 27,000 22,100 13,000 9,660 6,970 5,850 4,140 5,330 15,119 41,740 28,987 15,319 11,364 7,660 6,314 5,170 317,000 928,000 2,480,000 1,780,000 941,000 676,000 471,000 376,000 318,000 Note. — First eleven days in April are estimated. BRITISH COLUMBIA EYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 287 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of South Thompson River near Chase for 1913. Day. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height . Dis- charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 0-0 0-1 0-2 0-3 0-6 0-8 0-8 1-0 11 1-4 1-5 1-7 1-8 1-9 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-7 5,240 5,240 5,640 5,850 6,500 6,730 7,220 7,470 7,720 S,510 8,790 9,070 9,360 9,970 30 30 30 30 31 3-3 3-6 3-8 3-9 40 10,200 10,500 10,500 10,500 10,800 10,800 10,800 10,800 10,800 11,100 11,900 13,000 13,700 14,000 14,400 14,400 14.800 15,200 15,600 16,000 16,000 16,800 16,800 17,600 18,400 18,900 20,200 21,200 23,000 24,000 26,000 Feet. Sec.-ft. 6 7 7 7 8 8 1 5 9 3 27,000 28,500 30,600 32,600 34,700 8 8 8 9 9 3 6 9 2 5 35,800 36,400 38,000 39,800 41,500 9 10 10 10 10 8 0 3 5 6 43,200 44,400 46,300 47,600 48,300 10 10 10 10 10 6 6 5 5 4 48,300 48,300 47,600 47,600 47,000 10 10 10 10 10 4 3 2 0 0 47,000 46,300 45,700 44,400 44,400 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 7 5 2 43,800 43,200 42,600 41,500 39,800 I 288 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of South Thompson River near Chase for 1913. — Continued. Day. July. September. Gauge Height . Dis- I Gauge charge. I Height. Dis- Gauge charge . Height . Dis- charge . October. Gauge Dis- Height . charge November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Feet. 1 0 Sec.-ft. 39,200 38,600 37,500 36,900 36,400 35,300 33,100 32,600 32,100 31,100 30,600 30,000 29,000 28,500 28,000 28,500 28,000 27,500 27,000 26,500 26,000 25,500 25,000 24,500 24,000 24,000 23,500 23,000 22,500 22,100 22,100 Feet. 5-6 5-3 51 5-0 4-9 4-9 4-7 4-5 4-4 4-3 4-2 4-2 4-1 41 4-0 4-0 4-0 4-0 40 4-0 4-0 3-9 3-9 3-8 3-8 Sec.-ft. 21,200 19,800 18,900 18,400 19,000 18,000 17,200 16,400 16,000 15,600 15,200 15,200 14,800 14,800 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,400 14,000 14,000 13,700 13,700 13,300 13,300 13,300 21,300 13,000 13,000 Feet. Sec.-ft. 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 3-3 31 3-0 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-7 2-6 12,600 12,200 11,900 11,900 11,900 12,200 12,200 12,200 12,200 12,200 11,900 11,900 11,900 11,900 11,900 3-2 11,500 3-2 11,500 31 11,100 3-1 11,100 31 11,100 11,100 10,800 10,500 10,500 10,500 10,200 10,200 10,200 9,970 9,660 Feet. 2-5 2-5 2-4 2-4 2-3 2-2 2-1 21 2-0 1-9 1-8 1-9 1-9 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 Sec.-ft. 9,360 9,360 9,070 9,070 8,790 8,510 8,240 8,240 7,980 7,720 7,470 7,720 7,720 7,470 7,470 7,470 7,220 7,220 7,220 7,220 7,220 6,970 6,970 6,970 6,970 6,970 6,970 6,970 6,970 6,970 6,970 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1-6 6,970 1-6 6,970 1-6 6,970 1-5 6,730 1-5 6,730 1-5 6,730 1-4 6,500 1-4 6,500 1-4 6,500 1-3 6,280 1-3 6,280 1-3 6,280 1-3 6,280 1-3 6,280 1-3 6,280 1-3 6,280 1-3 6,280 1-3 6,280 1-3 6,280 1-2 6,060 1-2 6,060 1-2 6,060 1-2 6,060 1-2 6,060 1-2 6,060 1-2 6,060 1-2 6,060 11 5.850 11 5.850 11 5,850 Feet. Sec.-ft. 6,060 6,060 6,060 6,060 6,060 5,850 5,850 5,640 5,640 5,640 5,440 5,440 5,240 5,240 5,240 5,240 5,050 5,050 4,860 4,860 4.680 4,680 4,680 4,680 4,680 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,320 4,320 4,140 Tranquille river. Location. — Section 36, township 20, range 19, west Gth meridian; a mile above Tranquille sanatorium. Records Available. —July 4, 1911, to October 21, 1911; March 29. 1912, to September 7, 1912; May 1, 1913, to October 31, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Climatic conditions practically the same as at Kam- loops. Stream freezes over duringt he winter of 1911-12. A metering made under ice cover on Febuary 1, 1912, showed a discharge of 8.3 second-feet. Gauge. — Standard vertical staff gauge read tri-weekly by Eugene Cooney. Channel. — The channel is straight at the gauge section, the stream bed is composed of stones and boulders and the control is good. Discharge Measurements.- — The gauge-height-discharge curve is well defined for the stream's range. Accuracy. — The accuracy of returns given is considered to be very high. tranquille river. Tranquille river is about 30 miles long, varying in width from 1.5 to 50 feet, and in depth from 1 to 6 feet. It rises in township 25, range 19, west of Gth meridian, at an elevation of about 6,000 feet, and discharges into Kaniloops lake, whose altitude is 1,125 feet. About 3 miles from the mouth, there is a BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 289 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f canyon 100 feet wide, with steep granite banks. Just above the canyon the right fork of Tranquille river enters. It rises in hike du Bois at an elevation of 2,600 feet. The middle fork joins the Tranquille about 4 miles above the head of the canyon, one branch of which is known as "Watching creek, rises in Pass lake (3,300 feet). The main stream fed by the snow of the Sil-Whoia-Kun mountains (6,030 feet) comes from Tranquille lake (4,800 feet). These lakes are difficult of access, and no storage has as yet been possible, although if neces- sity arose it no doubt could be obtained. The drainage basin of the Tranquille river is sparsely timbered in the lower reaches, but well timbered in the upper part. There are two dams on Tranciuille river, both of which have fallen into disuse. They were constructed several j^ears ago l)y mining interests. The upper dam, on Watching creek, was 20 feet high. The river station on Tranquille river was established on June 4, 1911, by C. G. Cline. The measuring section is located about 20 feet above Cooney's diver- sion dam, and 1^ miles above the mouth. This is an excellent section; the control is good, current uniform, banks high, and there is one permanent channel. The measurements are all made by wading. A standard vertical staff gauge is located 100 yards above the dam, and its datum is referred to three bench- marks. Discharge ]Measuremexts of Tranquille River near Kamloops 1911-12-13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911. Julv 4 Sept. 11 C.G. Cline do 1,046 1,046 1,053 1,046 1,046 Feet. 14 13 12 12 11 34 36 34 21 14 18 28 18-5 Sq. ft. 17-70 9-35 15-35 14-90 15-20 59-20 74-50 52-00 30-50 10-30 19-20 29-00 45-80 Ft. per sec. 1-08 0-25 0-54 0-59 1-17 7-70 7-73 6-04 4-46 203 1-70 4-00 5-20 Feet. 0-94 0-60 Sec.-ft. U9-10 2-34 1912. Feb. 1 G. Stairs do -8-25 1 ^8-75 April 13 May 17 E. M. Dann do 0-96 2-50 2-70 2-10 1-52 0-88 1-01 1-43 2-02 17-80 '456 00 12 do 1,104 1,104 1,104 1,057 '575-60 25 do '313-90 June 1 do '135-96 Aug. 2 Sept. 10 H. J.E.Keys do ■ '20-90 ^33-20 1913. May 5 do 1,057 1,057 6115-00 30 do 237-00 Note. — ' At Kamloops lake. ^ At C^ooney'.s Ranch (Ice conditions). ' Foot Bridge. * Cooneys Ranch. 5 Above Dam. 9.5f— 20 290 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Monthly Discharge of Tranqiiille River 1| miles from ]\Iouth for 1913. (Drainage area, 230 square miles.) Discharge in Secoxd-Feet. Rr.N- Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. May 614 208 153 24 117 48 24 7-5 288-8 96-5 67-1 14-5 5-8 10-4 1-26 0-42 0-29 0-06 0-02 0-04 1-45 0-47 0-33 0-07 0-02 0-05 17,700 5,740 July 4,130 892 10 1 4-1 14-9 4-1 345 640 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Tranquille river 1| miles from Mouth for 1913. D.\T. May. June. July. August. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge [ Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 1-5 1-5 1-52 1-57 1-45 1-45 1-65 1-75 2-6 2-65 2-8 2-35 2-3 2-2 2-1 2-1 2-05 21 2-1 2-07 2-05 2-05 2-07 2-1 2-17 2-15 215 2-1 2-05 2-0 1-9 Sec.-ft. 129 129 134 146 117 117 167 194 516 540 614 402 380 340 303 303 286 303 303 293 286 286 293 303 329 322 322 303 286 268 238 Feet. 1-8 1-75 1-67 1-6 1-5 1-45 1-4 1-35 1-35 1-3 1-25 1-25 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-17 1-15 1-12 1-15 1-2 1-15 1-2 1-2 1-35 1-37 1-5 1-4 1-4 1-5 1-4 Sec.-ft. 208 194 172 153 129 117 105 94 94 83 72 72 62 62 62 57 53 48 53 62 53 62 62 94 99 129 105 105 129 105 Feet. 1-4 1-35 1-4 1-3 1-3 1-2 1-2 1-17 1-15 11 1-15 1-2 1-35 1-45 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-15 11 1-2 1-15 1-1 1-05 1-05 1-0 1-0 10 0-97 0-95 Sec.-ft. 105 94 105 83 83 62 62 57 53 45 53 62 94 117 153 129 105 83 62 53 45 62 53 45 38 38 30 30 30 26 24 Feet. Sec.-ft. 0-95 24 0-95 ' 24 0-82 1 11-4 0-9 1 17 Feet. 0-75 0-75 0-75 0-8 0-8 0-75 0-75 0-72 0-72 0-72 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-67 Sec.-ft. 7-5 7-5 7-5 10-0 10-0 7-5 7-5 60 6-0 6-0 5-0 5-0 50 5-0 5-0 50 50 5-0 5-0 5-0 5-0 5-0 50 5-0 5-0 5-0 50 5-0 5-0 4-1 Feet. 0-67 0-67 0-67 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-7 0-75 0-77 0-8 0-85 0-87 0-87 0-87 0-87 0-87 0-85 0-85 0-85 0-85 0-85 0-85 Esfd. 6 days =0-85 Sec.-ft. 4-1 2 4-1 3 4-1 4 5-0 5 0-85 0-85 13-5 13-5 5-0 6 5-0 7 0-9 17 0-9 1 17 0-85 1 13-5 0-85 13-5 5-0 8 5-0 9 50 10 50 11 0-8 0-8 0-95 0-9 0-9 0-87 "6-87' 10 10 24 17 17 14-9 14-9 14-9 14-9 14-9 14-9 14-9 14-9 14-9 7-5 12 7-5 13 10 14 13-5 15 14-9 16 14-9 17 14-9 18 14-9 19 14-9 20 13-5 21 13-5 22 13-5 23 13-5 24 13-5 25 0-87 1 14-9 0-85 13-5 0-82 11-4 0-8 10 0-77 8-5 0-75 7-5 0-75 i 7-5 13-5 26 13-5 27 13-5 28 13-5 29 13-5 30 13-5 31 13-5 1 BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURYET 291 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f MISCELLANEOUS METERING STATIONS. List of ]\Iiscellaneous Stream Measurements in Kamloops division, British Columbia Hydrographic Survey, during 1913. River or Stream. Location. Gauging. Date. Hydrographer. Near mouth do 11 1 Nov. 11... June 17... April 26... May 15... June 9... July 3... Mav 20... April 23... May IS .. June 14... June 13... Oct. 24... Mav 22... Aug. 2... Aug. 16... Oct. 28... June 28... April 16... June 6... Nov. 11... May 8... Oct. 2.. April 30. . . May 24... Mav 2... June 13... May 21... Aug. 2... Nov. 10... June 7... May 22... June 8. . . Oct. 30... June 5... Sept. 3... Sept. 2... Nov. 16. . . Nov. 15... June 17... May 21... K G Chisholm Campbell Creek 13 16 41 12 6 7 7 21 2 2 1,427 15 1 0 6 39 3 112 66 26 8 1 9 1 1 4 6 4 372 15 2,422 1,087 4,272 2 0 857 13 3 1 2 7 5 2 4 0 1 2 0 1 0 5 0 5 5 i 4 0 3 7 2 0 8 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 4 1 H J Kevs Above diversions do K G C & C G C do K G C do do do do do do Cornwall Creek do do Cleme's Creek do do do do Dair\' Creek H. J. E. Keys. Duffv Creek . . . Near mouth Eagle River E M D & K G C Eight Mile Creek H.J.E.Keys. do Drainage do do K G C Fadear Creek Near mouth H J E K Gordon Creek do Highfalls Creek E. M. Dann. E M. D. & H. J. K. Above diversions do K G C do do do do do do do Above divers, from Barnes Lake, do do do do do Oregon Jack Creek do do Above Hammond's headgate do Power Creek E. M. D.&K. G.C. Ross Creek E. M. Dann. Ray Creek H. J. E. Keys. Scotch Creek E. M. Dann. E.M. D.&K. G.C. Sevmour River Mouth E. M. Dann. Three Mile Creek H.J. E. K. do H.J. E. K. Tulameen Creek E.M. D.&K. G.C. Twent V Mile Creek E. M. D. Twaal Creek do C. G. C. & K. G. C. Venables Creek do Venables Lake. . K. G.C. 2.5f— 20\ 5 GEORGE V, SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 REPORT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY FOR 1913 CHAPTER 7 Kootenay Boundary Division^Hydrographic Data 293 5 GEORGE V. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f A. 1915 CHAPTER VII. • KOOTEXAY BOUNDARY DIVTSIOX— HYDR(3GRAPHIC DATA. REGULAR METERING STATIONS. AKOLKOLEX RIVER AT WIGWAM. ■ Location. — Section 35, township 21, range 7, west 6th meridian, al)out 1 mile from Wigwam, where the wagon road crosses the river just above the falls. Records Available. — From May 1 to December 31, 1913. Winter Conditions.- — -Heavy snowfall, thermometer rarely goes below zero. Stream at section seldom freezes except for a day or two. Gauge. — Chain gauge is used, and is referred to three bench-marks. From May to October, inclusive, gauge readings are taken three times a week; during the rest of the year once a week, by J. A. Lewis, Wigwam. Channel.- — Straight for 100 yards above and below the section. The water is swift and flows through a rock box canyon for 150 yards above and below the section. The control is rock and appears very permanent. Discharge Measurements. — ^Measurements are made from the upstream side of the wagon bridge. It is difficult to obtain accurate soundings in high water. In 1913, ten well distributed measurements were made. Accuracy. — ^Apparently very accurate measurements were made, but due to the infrequency of gauge readings the mean monthly discharge cannot be guaranteed to within 10 per cent. December gauge readings were at times affected by ice. General. — Akolkolex river is a stream about 20 miles long, rising in township 24, range 28, west 5th meridian, at an elevation of al)out 0,000 feet, flowing in a south-westerly direction and discharging into Columbia river in township 22, range 1, west 6th meridian, near Wigwam, B.C. It drains an area of over 100 square miles of heavily timbered and unsettled country. There are various falls and canyons between its source and mouth, but the only power possibility which has been investigated is about 1 mile from the mouth. Here the river flows through a canyon for about 150 yards. This canyon is of rock, box-shaped, about 35 feet wide, from 30 to 40 feet deep. At the foot of the canyon the river falls 335 feet in a horizontal distance of 50 yards. A total head of about 400 feet may be obtained and the construction cost will not l)e prohil)itive. The river above the falls is suitable for driving logs, but not navigable. Valuable timl)ered limits are held by the Lee Luml^cr Company, and a good trail has been constructed to these limits near the source of the stream. The precipitation near the source of the stream is very great, and at the mouth about 40 inches (30 inches rain and 130 inches snow). The summers are hot with considerable rain, winters not particularly severe, the thermometer seldom falling below zero, and the snowfall is very heavy. 296 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Akolkolex River near Wigwam, B.C. Upper Falls. BRITIS:n COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHir STUVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 297 Akolkolex River near Wigwam, B.C. Lower Falls. Discharge Measurements of Akolkolex river near Wigwam, B.C. 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Mean Gauge Section. Velocity. Height. Discharge. May 7 May 30 1,048 1,672 1,672 1,672 1,672 1,048 1,672 1,048 1,048 Feet. 37 37 37 37 37 39 37 Sq. ft. 157 363 455 314 268 299 235 Ft. per sec. 2-56 Feet. 2-35 Sec.-ft. 402 J A Elliott . . .... 7-43 7-50 2,700 do 918 6-40 4-98 5 32 • 4-37 2-92 1-71 10-00 6-45 4-90 5-75 4-28 310 1-75 3,990 June 27 do 2.110 July 17 do 1,340 July 25 1,590> Aug. 13 . . J. A. Elliott 1,070 Sept. 16 Nov. 20 R. G. Swan, C.E.R C.E. Webb 39 186 29 , 106 530 180 Note. — 'Section is in box canyon immediately above falls. 298 DEPARTMEXT OF TIJE IXTEniOK 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Akolkolex River, looking upstream from above falls. Monthly Discharge of Akolkolex river near Wigwam, B.C., for 1913. (Drainage area, 105 square miles). Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. R0.N-OFF. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. May. June. July. August September. October November. December.. 2,810 320 4.100 1,980 2,540 1,120 1,630 755 1,300 440 536 274 274 175 175 100 1.493 2,763 1,768 1,088 691 344 224 •127 14-22 26-30 16-84 10-30 6-60 3-30 2-13 1-21 16-37 29-34 19-42 11-87 7-36 3-80 2-38 1-40 91,600 164,000 108,000 67,000 41,100 21,100 13,300 7,810 Note. — 'Estimated — Last 15 days in December. BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 299 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Akolkolex river near Wigwam, B.C., for 1913. Day. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 2-3 3-0 3-7 4-4 4-3 4-2 4-2 4-1 4-0 3-9 3-9 3-9 4-0 4-2 5-1 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-7 7-1 7-5 7-6 7-8 7-5 320 336 79.7 1,080 1,040 1,000 1,000 858 917 875 875 875 917 1,000 1,390 1,880 1,930 1,980 2,180 2,380 2,590 2,650 2,760 2-590 7-9 I 2,810 8-3 3,030 3,210 3,320 3,500 3,090 2,760 3,440 4,100 4,040 3,800 3,560 3,320 2,980 2,650 2,280 2,330 2,380 2,440 2,590 2,710 2,490 2,280 2,080 2,080 2,080 2,030 2,030 2,030 1,980 2,280 300 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Akolkolex river near Wigwam, B.C., for 1913 — -Continued. July. August. September. October. November. December. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 Feet. 7-4 6-9 6-4 5-9 6-4 6-9 7-3 6-7 6-0 3-8 3-6 5-4 5-2 5-0 4-9 4-8 4-9 4-9 6-3 6-6 6-8 7-0 7-1 6-6 5-9 5-4 5-0 4-5 4-6 4-6 4-8 Sec.-ft. 2,540 2,280 2,030 1,780 2,030 2,280 2,490 2,180 1,830 1,730 1,630 1,530 1,440 1,340 1,300 1,260 1,300 1,300 1,980 2,130 2,230 2,330 2,380 2,130 1,780 1,530 1,340 1,120 1,170 1,170 1,260 Feet. 4-9 30 5-2 5-4 5-6 5-2 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-9 5-0 5-1 4-3 4-1 4-0 4-0 4-0 3-9 3-9 3-7 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 4-0 4-1 4-1 4-2 4-2 4-1 4-0 Sec.-ft. 1,300 1,340 1,440 1,530 1,630 1,440 1,260 1,260 1,260 1,300 1,340 1,390 1,040 958 917 917 917 875 875 795 755 795 835 875 917 958 958 1,000 1,000 958 917 Feet. 3-9 41 4-4 4-7 4-9 4-5 4-2 4-0 3-7 3-7 3-5 3-3 3-3 3-2 3-1 31 31 31 31 30 3-0 3-0 2-9 2-8 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-7 Sec.-ft. 875 958 1,080 1,220 1,300 1,120 1,000 917 795 795 716 641 641 605 570 570 570 570 570 536 536 536 503 471 440 440 440 440 440 440 Feet. 2-6 2-5 2-5 2-4 2-3 2-2 21 2-1 21 2-1 2-3 2-4 2-6 3-0 30 2-6 2-5 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-2 2-2 21 21 2-1 Sec.-ft. 410 381 381 353 326 300 274 274 274 274 326 353 410 536 536 410 381 353 353 353 353 353 326 326 326 300 300 300 274 274 274 Feet. 21 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-0 2-0 2-0 20 1-9 1-9 1-9 1-9 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-7 1-7 1-7 Sec.-ft. 274 274 274 274 274 274 274 249 249 249 249 224 224 224 224 194 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 199 175 175 175 Feet. 1-7 1-7 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-35 1-30 1-30 1-30 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 1-20 111 Sec.-ft. 175 2 175 3 160 4 160 5 160 6 160 7 145 8 145 9 145 10 145 11 130 12 130 13 130 14 130 15 130 16 122 17 122 18 122 19 122 20 115 21 . . ... 115 22 115 23 100 24 100 25 100 26 100 27 100 28 100 29 30 100 100 31 100 BEAVER RIVER AT SIX- MILE CREEK. Location. — Township 29, range 25, west 5th meridian, 4 miles from the mouth, about 150 yards from the railway station at Six-mile creek, on the downstream side of the lumber company's bridge. Records Available.— — From May 24 to November 1, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Severe (-30° F.) with heavy snowfall. Ice conditions exist generally from November to the end of March. Frazil ice is to be contended with. Gauge. — Chain gauge is used and referred to three bench-marks. Wm. McCreary reads the gauge daily at 5 p.m., at which time the river during the summer freshet is considered to be at a mean height for the day. Channel. — Straight for 100 yards above and l^elow the section. The river is very swift during high water, and accurate soundings can only be made at low water. During the freshet in June, July and August, water flows through two or three small side channels. As yet the control has not been studied, but appears permanent. Discharge Measurements. — Measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. In 1913, ten discharge measurements were made, one of which was made under ice conditions on December 3, giving a discharge of 330 c.f.s. Accuracy. — The gauge-height-discharge curve shows a close accuracy though the section does not appear to be good. The fact that during the summer the BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 301 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f river varies greatly on a warm day depreciates the accuracy of the gauge reading. The 1913 data are wdthin 15 per cent only. General. — Beaver river has its source in the Grand glacier of the Selkirk range at Duncan pass in township 24, range 24, west 6th meridian, at an elevation of about 6,000 feet. It is 40 miles long, and flows in a northerly direction, discharging into the Columbia near Beavermouth, at an elevation of about 2,500 feet. It drains an area of about 400 square miles of heavily timbered, very mountainous country. The C.P.R. main line runs up the valley from Beaver- mouth for 15 miles to Bear creek near Rogers pass, and the river, in its lower reaches, wdnding across a broad valley, is familiar to thousands of tourists. Its upper reaches are uninhabited except at Rogers pass, and only C.P.R. employees and a lumber camp may be found near the mouth. The scattered bits of agricultural lands have not been taken up and at present the only industry in this watershed is lumbering. In 1913 the McCreary Lumber Company started operations at Six-mile creek. Valuable limits are held by the company. There are no pronounced falls or rapids in the upper part of the river, but near the mouth there is the Natural Arch (or Gateway) close to the railway'. There is a fall in the river of about 80 feet in a chstance of 3,000 feet, the river being only from 20 to 40 feet wide with rocky banks. At the head of the rapids the C.P.R. rail is only 15 feet above high-water mark, and at the foot it is 25 feet above high water. A dam at the head of the rapids would give excellent pondage. Any development is restricted by the proximity of the present grade of the railway. Discharge Measurements of Beaver River near Six-mile Creek 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1913. May 24 June 5 June 12 July 7 Julv 20 Sept. 15 Dec. 3 C.E. R J. A.E. :;;;;;:;;:;: C. E. R.&R.G.S C E.W 1,048 1,048 1,672 1.672 1,672 1.048 1,048 Feet. 147 154 156 150 149 75 45 Sq. ft. 357 601 656 609 485 231 122 Ft. per sec. Feet. Sec.-ft. 8-51 3-00 3.040 8-00 4-30 4,840 8-26 4-65 5,420 8-61 4-55 5,240 9-20 4-20 4,460 6-02 2-05 1,399 2-87 0-45 330 Monthly Discharge of Beaver River near Six-mile Creek for 1913. (Drainage area. 400 square n • . - MOXTH. DlSCH.\RGE IN SeCOXD-FeET. Per Run-Off. Depth in 'nches Total Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square mile. on Drainage area. in acre-feet. June 6,420 2,720 ' 4.640 11-6 12-9 276,000 July 5,300 2,160 1 4.140 10-4 120 255,000 August 4,940 2,340 3.880 9-71 11-2 239,000 September 4,100 1,3.50 ! 2,070 517 5-77 123,000 October 1,980 560 ' 1,130 2-83 3-26 69.600 Note.— Station established May 24. 1913. Gauge readings discontinued October 31. 1913. 302 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Beaver River near Six-mile Creek for 1913. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Day. May. June. Gauge Height. Feet. 3-0 3-5 3-7 3-9 4-2 4-0 4-0 4-3 Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Sec.-ft. 2,720 3,470 3,780 4,100 4,600 4,260 4,260 4,770 Feet. 4-7 4-7 4-8 4-6 4-3 4-2 4-4 5-0 5-0 5-2 5-0 4-9 4-8 4-3 3-9 3-6 3-4 3-5 4-5 4-4 3-9 3-0 3-7 3-9 3-7 3-6 3-6 3-7 3-8 4-0 Dis- charge. Sec.-ft. 5,480 5,480 5,660 5,300 4,770 4,600 4,940 6,020 6,020 6,420 6,020 5,840 5,660 4,770 4,100 3,620 3,320 3,470 5,120 4,940 5,120 2,720 3,780 4,100 3,780 3,620 3,620 3,780 3,940 4,260 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 303 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Beaver River near Six-mile Creek for 1913 — Continued. Julv. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Heigiit. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge . Feet. Sec. -ft. Feet. 41 3-9 3-4 3-3 3-5 31 30 2-8 41 4-6 4-5 4-6 4-6 4-6 4-6 4-5 4-5 4-4 3-8 30 3-6 4.430 4,100 3,320 3.170 3,470 3-9 4,100 4-6 5,300 3-9 4.100 4-0 4.260 4-3 4,770 4,260 4,100 3,470 3,170 2,720 2,870 2.720 2,460 4,430 5,300 5,120 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,120 5,120 4,940 3,940 2,720 3,620 3-9 4-0 4-2 41 4-0 41 4-0 3-9 3-7 3-8 2-7 3-2 3-9 3-8 3-6 3-8 3-5 3-8 3-6 3-4 3-7 Sec.-ft. Feet. 4,100 4,260 4,600 4.430 4,260 3-9 4,100 4-3 4,770 4-4 4,940 41 4,430 4-2 4,600 4.430 4,260 4,100 3,780 3,940 3,620 3,470 3,170 3,320 2,720 3-3 3-6 3-9 3-1 2-8 2-7 2-7 2-6 2-5 30 2-6 2-7 2-5 21 2-0 20 2-5 21 2-0 Sec.-ft. ] Feet. 2,340 2-2 3,020 2-0 4,100 1-9 3,940 1-9 3,620 1-8 3,940 1-9 3,470 1-8 3,940 1-9 3,620 1-8 3,320 1-8 3,780 3,170 3,620 4,100 2,870 3-2 3,020 2,460 2,340 2,340 2,220 2,100 2,720 2,220 2,340 2,100 1,640 1,540 1,540 2,100 1,640 1,540 1,750 1,540 1,440 1,440 1,350 1,440 1,350 1,440 1,350 1,350 1-9 1-7 1-7 1-8 1-7 1-7 1-6 1-7 1-6 1-7 Sec.-ft. Feet. 1-8 2-4 2-1 1-8 1-8 I 1,350 1,350 1,980 1,640 1,350 1.440 1,260 1,260 1,350 1,260 1,260 1,170 1,260 1,170 1,260 1-7 1,260 1-6 1,170 1-7 1,260 1-6 1,170 1-6 1,170 I -5 1,080 1-4 1,000 1-3 920 1-2 840 M 770 M 770 1-0 700 11 770 1-0 700 0-8 560 0-9 630 Sec.-ft. 560 Feet. Sec.-ft. 350 BLAEBERRY RIVER. Location. — South-west \ section 29, township 28, range 22, west 5th meridian, 11 mik^s north of Golden, about 1 mile from the mouth, on the down- stream side of the C.P.R. bridge. Records Available.— k^v\\ 15, 1912, to Noveml)er 14, 1912; June 1, 1913, to November 30, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Severe (-30 °F.) with heavy snowfall. Ice conditions exist generally from the middle of November to the 1st of April. Frazil ice. Gauge. — A vertical staff gauge is used and read three times a week, by H. ]M. Cooper, during the open season. Channel. — The channel is straight for about 50 yards above and below the station. The w^ater is swift and controlled by a sandbar about 100 yards down- stream. This bar probably shifts. Exceedingly high water on the Columbia may effect the gauge readings. Discharge Measurements. — Measurements are made from the downstream side of the railway bridge. In 1912 eight meterings were made, one of which was made on the 21st of February under ice conditions, the discharge was 53 c.f.s; in 1913 nin^ meterings were made, which formed a gauge-height-discharge curve varying considerably from that of 1912. Accuracij. — Due to the infrequency of gauge readings and the apparent non-permanency of the control, the results are guaranteed only to be within 15 per cent. 304 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Blaeberry River at C. P. R. Bridge 1911-13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. Oct. Feb. June June June July July Oct. July July July Aug. Sept. 1911. 1913. May. 24. June 15. Sept. 16. Nov. 30. C. E. Richardson. H. C. Hughes. C. E. Richardson. J. A. Elliott. C. E. Richardson. J. A. Elliott C.E.Webb 1,048 1,048 1,055 1,0.55 1,055 1,055 1,055 1,055 1,672 1,672 1,672 1,672 1,672 1,672 1,048 1,672 1,048 Feet. Sq. ft. j Ft. per sec. 177 148 199 237 398 293 279 215 290 340 310' 310 360 341 335 250 154 1-75 0-413 2-43 3-15 7-28 4-52 4-08 2-40 4-59 5-90 4-94 4-89 6-36 6-33 5-60 3-64 1-38 Feet. 0-9( 1-40 1-905 3-50 2-72 2-43 1-40 2-45 3-10 2-70 2-70 3-32 3-15 3-02 1-90 0-50 Sec.-ft. 310-0 0)53-5 484-0 746-0 2,900-0 1,330-0 1,140-0 512-0 1,330-0 2,010-0 1,500-0 1,510-0 2,290-0 2,160-0 1,880-0 910-0 212-0 Note — (ijice conditions. Monthly Discharge of Blaeberry River at Golden for 1913. (Drainage area, 325 square miles.) DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. ! Per square mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. June 3,460 July 2,740 August 2, 749 September i 1 , 440 October | 900 November 415 1,530 1,270 1,030 720 370 170 2,449 1,875 1,838 1,058 607 274 7-54 5-77 5-66 3-26 1-87 0-84 8,41 6-65 6-52 3-64 2-16 0-94 146,000 115,000 113,000 63,000 37,300 16,300 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 305 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Blaeberry River near Golden for 1913. Day. June. f July. August. September. October. 1 i November. Gauge Dis- Height. charge Gauge Height. i Dis- 1 charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. • Dis- charge. 1 i Feet. 3-8 3-7 3-5 i 3-4 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-7 3-8 3-8 3-7 3-7 3-6 3-4 3-1 2-9 3-4 4-0 3-9 3-S 3-5 31 3-1 30 2-9 2-8 30 3-2 3-0 Sec.-ft. 3,100 2,920 2,580 2,420 2,270 2,420 2,580 2,920 3,100 3,100 2,920 2,920 2,740 2,420 1,980 1,730 1,530 2,120 3,460 3-280 3,100 2,580 1,980 1,980 1,8.50 1,730 1,620 1,850 2,120 1,850 i Feet. 3-5 3-2 2-9 2-8 2-8 2-9 3-0 3-1 3-0 2-9 2-9 2-8 2-7 2-5 2-5 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-8 3-1 3-4 3-5 3-6 2-0 3-4 3-3 3-2 3-0 2-9 2-7 3-0 Sec.-ft. 2,580 2,120 1,730 1,620 1,620 1,730 1,850 1,980 1,850 1,730 1,730 1.620 1.53C 1.350 1,350 1,270 1,350 1,440 1,620 1,980 2,420 2,580 2,740 2,580 2,420 2,270 2,120 1,850 1,7.30 1,530 1,850 Feet. 3-2 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-6 3-5 3-5 3-5 3-4 3-3 3-2 3-2 31 3-0 2-8 2-8 2-7 2-7 2-6 2-5 2-3 2-2 2-1 2-3 2-5 2-8 2-7 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-5 1 Sec.-ft. 2,120 2,420 2,580 2,740 2,740 2,580 2,580 2,580 2,420 2,270 2,120 2,120 1,980 1,850 1,620 1,620 1.530 1,530 1,440 1,350 1,190 1,11C 1,0?0 1,190 1,3.50 1,620 1,530 1,440 1,440 1.530 1,-350 Feet. 2-4 2-5 2-5 2-6 2-6 2-5 2-5 2-6 2-5 2-4 2-3 2-2 2-0 21 2-2 2-1 2-0 20 2-0 1-9 1-9 1-9 1-8 1-7 1-6 1-6 1-1 16 1-7 1-8 Sec.-ft. 1,270 1,350 1,350 1,440 1,440 1,350 1,350 1,440 1,350 1.270 1,190 1,110 965 1,030 1,110 1,030 965 965 965 900 9C0 900 1 83.5 775 720 720 720 720 775 835 Feet. 1-9 1-7 1-6 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-6 1-6 1-7 1-S 1-7 1-5 1-5 1-4 1-4 1-3 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-3 11 1-1 1-1 1-1 11 JO 10 0-9 Sec.-ft. 900 775 720 720 665 665 665 720 720 775 835 775 605 665 610 610 555 505 505 555 555 610 555 460 460 460 460 460 415 415 370 Feet. 0-9 1-0 1-0 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-9 0-8 0-8 0-7 0-7 0-6 0-6 0-5 0-4 0-6 0-7 0-7 0-6 0-6 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0 5 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-5 Sec.-ft. 370 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 415 415 370 370 370 370 330 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 330 290 290 250 250 210 170 250 17 290 18 290 19 250 20 250 21 210 22 210 23 24 210 210 25 210 26 210 27 210 28 29 30 31 210 210 210 BUGABOO CREEK. Location. — About 3 miles southwest of Spillimachccn Landing, 40 miles south of Golden, on the downstream side of the highway bridge, 1 mile from the mouth. Records Available. — June to October, 1912; June to November, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Severe (-40 °F.) with heavy snowfall, the creek usually freezes over in November and does not open again till April. Frazil ice. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge fastened to the pier of the bridge, and read daily, during the open season, by Jas. Montgomery. Channel. — Straight for 100 feet above and below the gauge; the water is swift during freshet; there is one channel in low water, and two in high water. Discharge Measurements. — Meterings are taken from the downstream side of the bridge, four being taken in 1912, and eight in 1913. Accuracy. — The control has not been thoroughly studied. The 1913 gauge heights do not give the same discharges as corresponding gauge heights in 1912; a slight possibility of backwater from the Columbia river when the latter stream is extremely high; 1913 results on the Bugaboo are guaranteed to be within 10 per cent. 25f— 21 306 DEPARTMENT OF THE IXTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Bugaboo River near Spillimacheen, 1912-13. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area oi Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1912. 1.. June June Julv 16.. Sept. 29.. 1913 May 20.. June 23.. July 11.. July 27.. Julv 30.. Sept. 3.. Sept. 14.. Nov. 26.. H. C C. E. Hughes do do Richardson J.A.Elliott do G. E. Richardson. . . J.A.Elliott do C. E. R. &R. G. S. J.A.Elliott C.E.Webb 1,055 1,C55 1,055 1,055 16,72 16,72 1,048 1,072 1,672 1,048 1,672 1,048 Feet. 33-0 60-0 59-0 33-0 34-5 60-0 60-0 60-0 60-0 34-0 34-0 33-0 Sec. -ft. Ft. per sec. 96-3 138-0 128-0 858-0 103-0 152-0 150-0 158-0 130-0 118-0 111-0 84-7 2-89 6-08 5-34 1-87 2-94 6-88 6-87 6-66 5-70 4-04 3-65 1-36 Feet. 1-45 2-40 2-15 1-02 1-35 2-40 2-40 2-38 2-05 1-85 1-69 1-00 Sec.-ft. 278 839 684 161 303 1,040 1,030 1,050 744 478 406 115 Monthly Discharge of Bugaboo River near Spillimacheen for 1913. (Drainage area, 190 square miles.) Month. (Discharge in Second-Feet.) Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 2,910 82C 1,650 570 1,654 1,070 878 569 292 145 8-70 5-63 4-62 2-99 1,54 0-76 9-71 6-49 5-33 3-34 1-78 0-85 98,200 July 65,800 1,390 1,790 400 220 51C 350 160 85 54,000 33,900 17,900 8,630 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPEIC SURTET SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 307 Daily Gauge Heights and Dischahges of Bugaboo River near Spillimacheen for 1913. Day. May. June. Gau?e Height. DLs- Gauge charge. Height. DLs- charge. 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 3-0 3-0 3-1 31 31 2-9 2-9 3-3 3-8 3-6 3-5 3-5 3-2 31 3-0 2-4 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-9 2-6 2-5 2-4 2-6 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-6 2-7 2-7 Sec.-ft. 1,790 2 .. . . .. 1,790 3 1.930 4 . . 1 930 5 1,930 6 1,650 7 .. 1 650 6 2,210 2,910 9 1 10 i 2 630 11 2,490 2,490 2,070 1 930 12 13 14 15 1,790 16 1,040 820 17 18 930 19 1,040 1 650 20 1-4 1-5 1-8 2-0 21 2-2 2-5 305 350 510 640 720 820 1,150 1,270 1.390 1,390 1,390 1,520 21 1 270 22 1 150 23 1,040 1 270 24 1 390 26 1 390 27 2-6 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-8 1 390 1,270 1,390 1 390 29 31 25f— 2U 308 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Bugaboo River near Spillimacheen for 1913 — Continued. Day. July. August. September. October. November. Gauge" Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 2-7 2-6 2-4 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-9 2-6 2-5 2-5 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-1 2-0 1-9 1.9 2-1 2-2 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-7 2-7 2-5 2-5 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-2 Sec.-ft. 1,390 1,270 1,040 1,040 930 930 1,650 1270 1,150 1,150 1,040 930 930 720 640 570 570 720 820 1,270 1,390 1.520 1,6.50 1,390 1,390 1,150 1,150 930 930 820 820 Feet. 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-5 2-7 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-5 2-5 2-2 2-1 1-9 1-9 1-9 1-9 1-8 1-8 2-0 2-0 2-2 2-1 2-2 2-1 2-0 2-1 2-2 2-2 Sec.-ft. 1,040 1,150 1,270 1,150 1,270 1,390 1,150 1,390 1,040 930 930 1,150 1,150 820 720 570 570 570 570 510 510 640 640 820 720 820 720 640 •720 820 820 Feet. 1-9 1-7 1-8 3-0 2-8 2-2 2-0 1-9 2-1 1-9 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-7 1-6 1-6 1-7 2-1 1-8 1-6 1-6 1-8 1-6 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-6 1-6 1-7 1-6 Sec.-ft. 570 450 510 1,790 1,520 820 640 570 720 570 510 510 510 450 400 400 450 720 510 400 400 510 400 400 350 350 400 400 450 400 Feet. 1-5 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-4 1-5 1-5 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-3 1-3 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-4 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-1 1-0 M Sec.-ft. 350 400 350 350 305 350 350 400 350 305 350 400 400 350 305 305 305 260 260 220 220 220 220 305 220 220 220 220 185 160 185 Feet. M 11 1-0 1-2 1-1 1-0 1-0 M M M M 1-0 1-0 1-0 1-1 M 1-0 1-0 1-0 0-3 4 II >> (^ 13 O .2 a 1 Sec.-ft. 185 2 185 3 160 4 220 5 185 6 160 7 160 8 185 9 185 10 185 11 185 12 160 13 160 14 160 15 185 16 185 17 160 18 160 19 160 20 85 21 22 >> 23 -o 24 o 25 ^-' 26 II 27 S) 28 29 ja 30 31 Q COLUMBIA RIVER, GOLDEN. Location. — Southwest j section 12, township 27, range 22, west 5th meridian, above mouth of Kicking Horse river, 1 mile from Golden, B. C, 100 yards below the Columbia River Lumber Company's mill. Records Available. — ^During the open season from 1903-13. Gauge heights from 1903-11 were obtained through the courtesy of the Columbia River Lumber Company. One ice measurement made in February, 1912, gave discharge of 795 c.f.s., and one made in Februaiy, 1914, gave discharge of 894 c.f.s. Winter Conditions. — The winters are severe (-40 °F.) with heavy snowfall. Ice conditions generally exist from the middle of November to the end of March. Gauge.- — Vertical staff gauge referred to three bench-marks, and read daily by the Columbia River Lumber Company, during the open season. Channel. — The section is located in the middle of a straight stretch of river of 1,500 feet. At low water there is a pronounced riffle 300 yards below gauge but at high water this riffle disappears. Discharge Measurements. — Measurements are made from boat held by temporary cable about 100 yards below mill, eight discharge measurements were made in 1912, and five in 1913. BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 309 Accuracy. — The gauge readings are good. Great difficulty is encountered in metering river at high water, and during June and July accuracy is not guaran- teed to within 15 per cent, but in the remaining months it is probably within 10 per cent. Discharge Measurements of Columbia River near Golden, B. C., 1911-12-13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911. Oct. 17 1912. Feb. 20 June 4 " S " 24 July 24 " 28 Oct. 1 C. E. Richardson. Feet. 1048 176 H. C. Hughes. C. E. Richardson. 1913. May 23 |j. A. Elliott. June 16... July 4... Sept. 16.., Nov. 24... C. E. R and J. A. E. J. A. Elliott. C.E.Webb. 1048 1055 1055 1055 1055 1055 1055 1672 1672 1672 1672 1048 175 200 220 440 385 373 180 200 400 400 270 185 Sq. ft. 792 615 1,030 1,270 2,485 1,910 2,010 798 1,060 3,710 2,690 1,280 764 Ft. per sec 2-36 1-27 3-02 3-52 4-35 4-60 4-14 2-53 3-42 5-40 4-20 4-17 2-20 Ft. In. 10 9 2-0 0-6 0-6 4-3 7-7 6-0 7-0 1-5 0-0 1-0 3-0 Sec. ft. 1,870 7951 3,100 4,490 10,800 8,820 8,300 2,020 3,6202 20,000 11,300 5,3403 1,6703 1 Ice conditions. ^ Different gauge. ^ g' y on one gauge = 4 ■ top, zero on other gauge (feet and tenths) at bottom. on other ; zero on one gauge (feet and inches) at Monthly Discharge of Columbia River near Golden, B. C, for 1913. (Drainage area, 2,500 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. I Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. April May June July August September October. . . November 2,000 9,300 18,600 12,600 9,760 8,840 6,060 2,560 1,530 1,600 9,760 9,070 6,660 6,610 2,660 1,320 1,647 3,627 14,402 11,154 8,303 6,817 3,875 1,873 0-66 1-45 5-76 4-46 3-32 2-73 1-55 0-74 0-74 1-67 6-43 6-14 3-83 3-05 1-79 0-83 97,600* 22,300 857,000 688,000 510,000 405,000 238,000 111,000 First 11 days estimated. 310 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Columbia River near Golden for 1913. Day. April. May. Gauge Dis- I Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Height, charge. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Feet. Sec. -ft. I Feet. IM 10-11 10-8 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-7 10-7 10-8 10-8 10-8 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-9 1,530 1,670 1,830 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 1,910 1,910 1,830 1,830 1,830 1,750 1,750 1,750 1,750 Sec.-ft. 1,750 1,750 1,750 1,750 1,670 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,830 2,000 2,180 2,460 2-460 2,660 2,760 2,960 2,760 2,760 2,760 2,660 2,560 5,010 4,560 5,310 5,760 6,210 6,360 6,960 7,610 9,070 9,300 Feet. Sec.-ft. 9,760 10,200 10,900 11,600 12,000 12,200 12,600 13,100 13,400 14,900 16,100 17,000 18,200 18,600 18,200 18,200 18,200 18,600 17,900 17,600 15,500 13,400 13,400 13,400 13,100 12,800 13.400 12,600 12,600 12,600 BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 311 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Columbia River near Golden for 1913 — Co7itinued. July. August. September. October. November. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 4-0 4-0 4-0 4-0 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-5 4-6 4-6 4-7 4-7 4-7 4-8 4-8 4-10 5-0 5-4 5-6 5-7 5-6 5-4 5-2 5-0 4-10 4-9 4-9 4-9 4-9 Sec.-ft. 12,600 12,600 12,600 12,600 12,400 12,200 12,200 12,000 11,800 11,800 11,600 11,600 11,400 11,400 11,400 11,100 11,100 10,900 10,400 9,760 9,300 9,070 9,. 300 9,760 9,990 10,400 10,900 10,900 10,900 10,900 10,900 Feet. 5-7 5-7 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-5 5-5 5-5 5-4 5-4 5-8 5-8 5-9 5-9 5-10 5,10 6-0 6-1 6-2 6-4 6-4 6-2 6-2 6-3 6-5 6-7 6-8 6-9 6-10 6-10 6-11 Sec.-ft. 9,070 9,070 9,300 9,300 9,300 9,530 9,530 9,530 9,760 9,760 8,840 8,840 8,610 8,610 8,610 8,610 8,180 7,980 7,790 7,610 7,610 7,790 7,790 7,610 7,440 7,110 6,960 6,960 6,810 6,810 6,660 Feet. 7-0 Sec.-ft. 6,510 6,510 6,510 6,510 6,210 6,060 6,060 5,910 6,060 6,210 6,510 7,440 7,790 8,840 8,840 8,840 8,610 8,180 7,980 7,440 7,110 6,960 6,510 6,060 5,760 5,610 5,760 5,910 5,910 5,910 Feet. 7-4 7-4 7-3 7-8 8-0 8-0 8-2 8-4 8-7 8-9 8-9 8-9 8-9 8-10 8-10 8-11 811 9-0 9-2 9-3 9-3 9-3 9-3 9-4 9-5 9-5 9-6 9-6 9-8 9-10 9-10 Sec.-ft. 6,060 6,060 6,060 5,460 5,010 5,010 4,710 4,560 4,110 3,810 3,810 3,810 3,810 3,810 3,810 3.670 3,670 3,540 3,300 3,180 3,180 3,180 3,180 3,180 3,070 3,070 2,960 2,960 2,760 2,660 2,660 Feet. 911 9-11 10-0 10-0 10-1 10-1 10-3 10-3 10-3 10-4 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-8 10-8 10-9 10-10 10-10 10-10 10-10 10-11 11-0 11-2 11-4 11-5 11-5 11-5 11-5 11-5 11-5 Sec.-ft. 2,560 2 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 0 0 2 3 3 5 4 2 0 5 2 8 8 8 9 0 1 5 7 8 0 3 6 7 6 5 5 5 2,560 3 2,460 4 2,460 5 2,360 6 2,360 7 2,180 8 2,180 9 2,180 10 2,180 11 2,180 12 2,090 13 2,000 14 1,830 15 1,830 16 1,750 17 1,750 18 1,750 19 1,750 20 1,750 21 1,670 22 1,600 23 1,460 24 1,390 25 1,320 1,320 27 . . 1,320 1,320 29 1,320 30 1,320 31 1 COLUMBIA river NEAR REVELSTOKE. Location. — Southeast \ section 33, township 23, range 2, west 6th meridian, above the mouth of the Illicillewaet river on the downstream side of the highway bridge near Revelstoke. Records Available. — 1912-13, during open season. Winter Conditions. — Severe with heavy snowfall; ice conditions exist generally from November to the end of March. Frazil ice. Gauge. — Chain gauge used and daily readings taken during open season by J. H. Jones. Channel. — About 1,000 ivvt wid(% controlled by a fairly ])ernian(nit sandbar 500 yards below. Shift in 1913 ai)par(>ntly caused by the l)uilding of a break- water at the control. Discharge Measurements. — Eleven well distributed measurements taken during 1911-12-13. Miscellaneous ice cover metering taken on February 27, 1912. Discharge 4,460 c.f.s. Accuracy. — ^Accurate gauge reading, fair conditions for mc^tering. These results are guaranteed to l)n within 5 ])er cent. 312 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Columbia river near Revelstoke, B. C, 1911-12-13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Height. Discharge 1911. Oct. 12 C. E. Richardson 1048 1048 1048 1048 1048 1048 1055 1055 1048 1048 1048 1048 Feet. 705 523 710 960 1,070 840 825 710 705 840 1,055 825 Sq. ft. 4,990 3,160 5,140 12,500 15,700 10,200 7,570 6,230 5,040 10,100 13,400 7,340 Ft. per sec. 2-66 1-41 2-60 7-80 8-60 6-40 4-80 3-10 2-40 6-02 7-60 4-33 Feet. 5-45 Sec.-ft. 13,300 14,460 13,000 96,900 135,000 65,500 36,400 219,700 312,300 61 800 1912. Feb. 27 April 19 " 5-54 15-50 18-20 12-75 9-20 7-30 5-60 12-82 16-30 9-20 June 18 " June 24 a Aug. 20 " Sept. 14 " Oct. 9 " 1913. May 5 May 26 " June 7 " 102,000 31,800 Sept. 17 " 1 Ice conditions. * Various widths. ' Include piers. Monthly Discharge of Columbia river near Revelstoke for 1913. Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. April May June July August September. October November. 21,800 94,500 148,000 109,000 95,800 71,100 24,000 13,000 8,090* 12,300 83,600 61,100 47,300 23,400 13,000 12,247 36,500 109,900 84,400 73,000 39,400 17,209 11.209 1-36 4-05 12-21 9-38 8-11 4-38 1-91 1-24 1-51 4-67 13-62 10-81 9-35 4-89 2-20 1-38 Note. — *Minimum discharge in second-feet for April is estimated. 726,000 2,240,000 6,490,000 5,190,000 4,490,000 2,340,000 1,060,000 666,000 BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURTET SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 313 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Colvimbia river near Revelstoke. for 1913. Davs. April. May. Gauge ' Dis- Gauge Height, charge. Height. Dis- charge June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Feet. Sec-ft. ' Feet. 4-1 4-5 4-6 5-0 5-6 6-6 7-0 7-4 7-6 7-4 7-1 6-8 6-6 6-6 6-4 6-2 61 8,510 9.400 9,630 10,600 12,300 16,500 18,500 20,600 21,800 20,600 19,000 17,500 16,500 16,500 15,500 14,600 14,200 6-0 5-9 5-9 5-8 5-7 5-6 5-8 5-9 5-9 7-6 7-9 8-2 8-4 8-6 8-4 8-4 8-3 8-4 8-6 9-3 9-8 10-8 11-1 11-4 12-4 12-9 13-7 14-6 15-2 15-6 15-7 Sec-ft. 13,800 13,400 13,400 13,000 12,700 12,300 13,000 13,400 13,400 21,800 23,400 25,200 26,400 27,600 26,400 26,400 25,800 26,400 27,600 32,600 36,300 44,000 46,400 49,100 58,300 63,000 71,100 81,200 88,400 93,200 94,500 Feet. I Sec-ft. 16-2 101,000 16-7 107,000 17-3 115,000 16-6 106,000 16-4 104,000 16-3 102,000 16-3 102,000 17-3 115,000 18-0 125,000 19-1 142,000 19-5 148,000 19-5 148,000 19-3 145,000 18-8 137,000 17-7 121,000 16-6 106,000 15-4 104,000 14-8 83,600 17-6 119.000 16-5 105.000 16-2 101,000 16-1 99,700 16-0 98,400 16-0 98,400 15-8 95,800 15-6 93,200 15-4 90.800 15-3 89,600 15-8 95,800 16-0 98,400 314 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Columbia river near Revelstoke for 1913. — Continued. Day. July. August. September. October. November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge 1 Dis- Height . ! charge . Gauge [ Dis- Height. j charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 16-5 16-3 15-0 14-6 14-3 15-3 15-5 15-3 14-8 14-6 14-3 14-2 13-9 13-6 13-4 130 12-7 12-5 13-6 14-6 15-6 16-4 16-5 16-6 16-8 16-4 15-7 15-3 15-1 13-8 13-2 Sec .-ft. 105,000 98,400 86,000 81,200 77,700 89,600 92,000 89,600 83,600 81,200 77,700 76,500 73,200 70,000 68,000 64,000 61,100 59,200 70,000 81,200 93,200 104,000 105,000 106,000 109,000 104,000 94,500 89,600 87,200 72, 100 66,000 Feet. 13-9 Sec.-ft. 73,200 Feet. 13-3 Sec.-ft. 67,000 Feet. 7-8 7-9 7-9 Sec.-ft. 22,900 23,400 23.400 Feet. 5-8 5-7 5-6 5-6 5-6 5-5 5-5 5-6 5-6 5-5 5-4 5-4 5-2 5-3 5-2 5-3 5-2 4-9 4-9 4-9 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-7 4-8 4-8 5-0 5-0 4-9 4-9 Sec.-ft. 13,000 2 15-0 ' 86,000 15-6 • 93,200 15-8 95,800 15-7 1 94,500 15-4 ' 90,800 15-0 ; 86,000 14-8 83,600 14-5 80,000 14-3 77,700 14-7 , 82,400 14-8 83,600 15-0 86,000 14-7 1 82,400 14-3 1 77,700 13-8 1 72,100 13-1 i 65,000 12-1 55.500 13-1 i 65,000 11-0 45,600 13-3 , 67,000 13-7 1 71,100 12,700 3.. .. 12,300 4 7-8 ■ 22,900 12,300 5 7-3 6-9 6-3 6-1 6-4 20,100 18,000 15,100 14,200 15,500 12,300 6 13-0 11-5 10-8 11-1 10-9 10-4 64,000 50,000 44,000 46,400 44,800 40.800 12,000 7 12,000 8 12,300 9 12,300 10 6-3 15,100 12,000 11 6-4 6-4 8-0 7-8 7-0 6-8 6-8 6-3 6-3 6-4 6-3 6-4 6-4 6-3 7-0 6-6 6-3 6-2 61 5-9 5-8 15,500 15,. 500 24,000 22,900 18,500 17,500 17,500 15,100 15, 100 15,500 15, 100 15,500 15,500 15,100 18,500 16,500 15,100 14,600 14,200 13,400 13,000 11,700 12 9-9 ! 37,000 9-9 37,000 10-2 39,300 11,700 13 11,100 14 11,400 15 9-8 9-6 9-2 10-0 9-6 9-3 8-7 9-0 8-6 8-2 8-0 8-0 7-9 8-2 1 8-1 7-9 36,300 34,800 31,800 37,800 34,800 32,600 28,300 30,400 27,600 25,200 24,000 24,000 23,400 25,200 24,600 23,400 11,100 16 11,400 17 11.100 18 10,400 19 11-9 11-6 11-2 11-4 12-2 12-9 13-1 13-2 13-3 13-1 13-4 13-4 13-2 53,700 50,900 47,300 49,100 56,400 63,000 65,000 66,000 67,000 65,000 68,000 68,000 66,000 10,400 20 10,400 21 10,100 22 10,100 23 10,100 24 9,860 25 10,100 26 10,100 27 10,600 28 10,600 29 30 31 10,400 10,400 COLUMBIA RIVER NEAR CASTLEGAR. Location. — Castlegar precinct, Nelson Water District, below Arrow lakes and above mouth of Kootenay river, at the C.P.R. bridge near Castlegar, B.C. Winter Conditions. — The snowfall is fairly heavy; the thermometer seldom goes below zero; the river never freezes over at this section. G'awgfe.— Vertical staff gauge referred to three bench-mar k.>^, and read dailv by Mr. P. G. Farmer, of Castlegar, B.C. Channel. — Straight for 200 yards above and below the measuring section and gauge. A pronounced riffle in low water is lost during high water. The rise and fall of the river is about 25 feet. Discharge Measurements.- — ^Measurements are made from the upstream side of the railway bridge. Four well-distributed measurements were made during 1913, by provincial district engineer, Water Bights Branch, and one by the British Columbia Hydrographic Surveys. Accuraaj. — The gauge readings from P'ebruar}- 1, 1913, are very reliaiile. The discharge measurements are well distributed, and the 1913 gauge-height- discharge curve appears good. The Kootenay river flows in 1 mile below the gauge, and it appears that the fall in this mile is only about 6 feet. This tends to show that an effect of backwater is unavoidable. Results are within 10 per cent. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 315 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f General. — This station on the Columbia was established by Provincial Engineer, Water Rights Branch, Nelson, in the beginning of 1913, and taken over by the British Columbia Hydrographic surveys in October, 1913. The drainage area is about 15,000 square miles, as compared with about 10,000 at our next station above at Revelstoke. This station forms a check on Kootenay river station near mouth and Columbia at Trail which is only a few miles below. Kootenay river plus Columbia river at Castlegar should equal Columbia river at Trail. For the months in 1913, in which we had gauge readings on all these streams July to December the sum of the mean monthly discharges at the first two stations equalled to within 10 per cent the corresponding mean monthly discharges at Trail. The rise and fall of the river at this station is practically the rise and fall of Lower Arrow lake Discharge Measurements of Columbia River near Castlegar, B.C. for 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. ^fean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1913. June 14 July 5 " 00 W.G.L.& A. J. V Feet. Sq. ft. 20, 100 16,550 13,800 12,180 7,730 6,800 Ft. per sec. 7-88 6-94 6-24 5-55 2-04 1-66 Feet. 28-2 21-6 16-4 13-0 3-2 1-7 Sec.-ft. 1 158,500 >1I4.850 80, V>0 Sept. 5 Nov. 25 1914. Jan. 14 1 67,650 C.E. R.& A. J. V C E W.& A J. V 1,527 1,048 440 380 15,oi00 ] 11,300 1 Note. — ^From Provincial Water Rights Engineer, Biker. Monthly Discharge of Columbia River near Castlegar, B.C., for 1913. (Drainage area, 15,000 square miles,) DlSCH.^RGE IN Second-Feet. Run Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 13,900 11.200 12,500 7,810 6,660 11,400 41,000 1.36,000 101,000 78,800 56,900 30,900 20,000 12,600 43,000 0-83 0-.52 0-44 0-76 0-73 9-09 6 71 5 25 3-79 200 1 33 0-84 2-86 0-96 0-.54 0-51 0-85 315 10- 1 7-74 00-5 4-23 2-38 1 4S 0-97 38-99 709,000 8,000 0,000 6,900 6,600 24,000 6,200 88,800 24,500 160,000 1 98,000 123,000 ! 86,100 88,800 1 63,300 68,800 42,700 41,000 1 25.500 25,. 500 1 15,800 15,300 9,200 160,000 6.200 433,000 March ' April 409.000 678,000 2,520,000 June July August September October November Decembei The vear 8,100,000 6,200.000 4,8.50,000 3,390.000 1,900.0TO 1,190.000 77.=., 0(10 31.214.000 Note. — Columbia near Castlegar is immediatelv above mouth of Knotenav. •Gauge heights were obtained from Provincial Water Rights Branch and it appeals that the January readings are .rom a gauge with a different datum 316 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v.. A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Columbia River near Castlegar, B.C. for 1913. Day. January. February. March. Gau^e Height. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 JO 11 12 13, 14 15 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Dis- charge Sec.-ft. I.'?, 900 13,700 13,700 13,700 13,700 13,400 13,200 13,200 13,000 13,000 13,000 13,000 12,600 12,000 12,600 12,200 12,200 12, 200 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 11,600 11,600 ll.fiOO 1 1 , 600 11,600 11,400 11,400 11,400 11,200 Gau!?e Height. Dis- charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. 1-25 8,600 1-25 8,600 1-25 8,600 1-25 8.600 1-25 8,600 1-25 8,600 1-25 8,600 1-2 8,400 1-2 8,400 1-2 8,100 1-2 8,400 !-2 8,400 1-2 8,400 ,•2 8,400 1-0 7,800 1-0 7,800 0-05 7,650 0-95 7,650 0-80 7,. 300 0-75 7.200 0-70 7,100 0-60 6,900 0-60 6,900 0-,55 6,750 0-55 6,750 0-55 6,750 0-50 6,600 0-50 6,600 Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Feet. Sec. -It. April . May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Feet. ! Sec.-ft. 6,900 6,900 6.900 6,900 6,900 6,900 6,900 6,900 6,900 6,900 6,900 6,900 6,900 6,900 6,600 6,600 6,600 6,600 6,600 6,600 6,400 6,400 6,400 6,40n 6.400 f,400 6,400 6,400 6,400 6,400 6,200 0-3 6,200 0-3 6,200 0-3 6,200 0-4 6,400 0-4 6,400 0-5 6,600 0-5 6,600 0-5 6,600 0-5 6,600 0-6 6,900 0-7 7,100 0-9 7,500 1-0 7,800 1-3 8,800 1-8. 10,000 1-9 11,200 2-0 11,600 1-8 10,800 1-9 11,200 2-0 11,600 2-1 12,000 2-4 13,200 2-6 14,100 2-9 15,300 3-2 ie,600 3-8 19,300 4-1 20,700 4-4 22,100 4-6 23,100 4-8 24.000 Dis- Gauge charge. Height. Feef. Sec.-ft. Feet 24,500 24,500 25,000 25,500 25,500 25,500 25,500 26,000 26,000 27,, 500 28,500 30,000 31,500 32.000 34,000 35.500 35,500 38,000 38,500 39,500 40,500 43,800 45,900 50,200 54,000 57,300 63,300 69,400 77,600 82,500 88,800 18-5 19-0 20-7 21-5 22-5 23-3 Dis- charge. 28-2 28-8 Sec.-ft. 98,000 101,000 112.000 116,000 122,000 127,000 130,000 133,000 1.36,000 140,000 144,000 148,000 152,000 156,000 160,000 1.58,000 1.56,000 1.54,000 1.52,000 150,000 148,000 145,000 142,000 139,000 136,000 133,000 130,000 127,000 124.000 124,000 BRirrSH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURTET SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 317 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Columbia River for Castlegar, B. C, for 1913. — Continued. Julv. August. DAT. Gauge Height. Dis- Gauge charge. Height. September. Dis- Gauge charge . ' Height . Dis- charge October. November. Gauge Height. Dis I Gauge charge. Height. Dis- charge December. Gauge Height Dis- charge. 7. S. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. Feet, i Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec. -ft. 22-6 22-4 22-0 21-8 21-4 21-0 ^0-6 20-4 20-4 20-2 19-9 19-8 19-6 19-0 18-8 18-4 17-6 17-3 17-0 16-7 16-4 16-4 16-6 17-0 17-3 17-5 17-6 17-7 17-7 17-5 17-3 123,000 122,000 119,000 118,000 115,000 113,000 111,000 110,000 110,000 108,000 106,000 106,000 105,000 101,000 ' 99,800 97.500 92,900 91,100 89,400 87,700 86. 100 86,100 87,200 89,400 91,100 16-9 16-8 16-S 16-8 16-7 16-7 16-7 16-8 16-8 16-S 16-8 16-6 16-i 16-4 16-0 15-7 15-4 15-2 14-8 14-4 14-0 13-6 13-3 13-1 12-8 88,800 88,800 88,300 88, -300 87,700 87,700 87,700 88,300 88,300 88,300 88,300 87,200 86, 100 86, 100 83,800 82. 100 80,500 79,300 77, 100 74,900 72,700 70,500 68,800 67, 700 66, 100 92,300 12-8 66, 100 92,900 12-8 66, 100 93,400 12-6 65,000 1 93,400 12-6 65,000 92,300 12-5 64,400 91,100 12-3 63,300 Feet. 12-1 12 3 12-5 12-7 13-0 13-2 13-3 13-2 13-1 12-9 12-7 12-4 12-^ 12-0 11-8 11-6 11-2 10-6 10-0 9-7 9-7 9-5 9-3 9-1 9-1 9-0 8-6 8-7 Sec.-ft. 62,200 63,300 64,400 65,500 67,200 68,300 68,800 68,300 67,700 66,600 65,500 63,900 62,800 61,700 60,600 59,500 57,300 54,000 50,800 49,700 49, 100 49,100 48, 100 47,000 45,900 45,900 45,400 43,200 43,800 42,700 Feet. 7-8 7-6 7-4 7-2 7-0 6-9 6-7 6-5 6-4 6-3 6-1 6-0 5-9 5-8 5-8 5-8 5-7 5-7 5-6 5-6 5-5 5-4 5-4 5-4 5-3 5-2 5-2 5-2 5-1 Sec.-ft. Feet. 41 , 100 39,500 39,000 3S,000 37,000 5-1 5-0 4-9 4-S 4-7 Sec.-ft 25,500 25,000 24,500 24.000 23,500 36,000 4-7 23,500 35,000 4-6 23,100 34,, 500 4-5 22,600 33,. 500 4-3 21,600 32,500 4-2 21,200 ' 32,000 4-0 20,200 31,500 4-0 20,200 30,500 4-0 20,200 30,000 4-0 20,200 29,500 3-9 19,700 29,000 3-9 19,700 29,000 3-8 19,300 29,000 3-8 19,300 28,500 3-8 19,300 28,500 3-7 18,800 28,000 3-5 18,000 28,000 3-4 17,500 27,500 3-4 17,500 27,000 3-3 17,100 27,000 3-26 16,800 27,000 3-2 16,600 26,500 3-1 16,200 26,000 31 16,200 26,000 3-1 16,200 26,000 3-0 15,800 25,500 Feet. 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-7 2-7 2-7 2-5 2-5 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-1 2-1 2-0 2-0 1-9 1-8 1-7 1-8 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-5 1-4 1-4 Sec.-ft. 15,300 15,300 15,300 15,300 15,300 14,900 14,900 14,900 14,500 14,500 14,500 13,700 13,700 13,200 12,800 12,800 12,400 12,000 12,000 11,600 11,600 11,200 10,800 10,400 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 9,600 9,200 9.200 COLUMBIA RIVER NEAR TRAIL, ROSSLAND PRECINCT, NELSON WATER DISTRICT. Location. — ^Fifteen miles above international boundary, above mouth of Pend d' Oreille river, below mouth of Kootenav at the higliAvav In'idgc near Trail, B.C. Records Available. — May to December, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Fairly heavy snowfall. No continuous cold weather, though for a day or two the thermometer may reach (-15° F.) The river never freezes over. Gauge.- — -Gauge painted on bridge pier was used till June, when it was abandoned and a chain gauge was installed. ]Mr. C. A. Brodwick, of Trail, B.C., reads the gauge daily. Channel. — The river winds from the left (looking downstream) about 100 yards above the bridge; below the river is straight for 400 yards; the control, a pronounced riffle 100 yards below the bridge, appears permanent. Discharge Measurements. — Measurements are made from the upstream side of the traffic bridge. Thirteen well distributed measurements have been made. Accuracy. — Accurate gauge readings have been obtained. Reliable measure- ments were made throughout the year. The gauge-height-discharge curve appears to be very good. The results should be within 5 per cent. 318 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 General. — The station on the Columbia river at Trail was established in 1912 under the direction of Mr. Gray Donald. During 1913 it was maintained conjointly by the British Columbia Hydrographic Surveys and the provincial district engineer, Water Rights Branch, Nelson. Conditions appear permanent at this station, and satisfactory results should be obtained. This station is very important. It is the chief factor from which the dis- charge of the Columbia into the United States may be obtained. Pend d' Oreille river is the only tributary of any consequence between this station and the International boundary. The sum of the discharges of the Columbia at Trail, and the Pend d' Oreille should give the discharge of the Columbia into the United States to within 1 per cent. No gauging station has been established on the Columbia in the United States near the boundary, and it is not probable that any can be estabhshed without a large outlay, above Kettle Falls. The discharge at the international boundary does not appear to be more than 5 per cent less than the discharge at the Kettle Falls where, it may here be added, is the possible site of a large power development. The drainage area of the Columbia at Trail is about 34,000 square miles. Below Arrow Lakes, some 25 miles above this station, the Columbia river never freezes, while above the lakes, ice conditions exist for generally four months in the year. The whole drainage area above this station is a very mountaionus country, with heavy snowfall. The tributaries of the Columbia are generally glacial fed, and any year may see extremely high water, if in June we have a series of hot days and nights. The variation between maximum and minimum flow is great. In 1913 the maximum recorded discharge was 297,000 c.f.s., and the minimum recorded discharge was in March, when it was as low as 1,4000 c.f.s. Discharge Measurements of Columbia river near Trail, B.C., for 1912-13. Date. Hydrogiapher. 1912. Dec. 18 Wilson. Nov. Mar. May May June July July Aug. Sept. Nov. 1913. 5. 26. 1. 21. 11. 4. 21. 6. 7. 4. 5. 1914. Wilson Wilson C. E. R.& Biker Biker & Lowley C. E. R. Biker and party. Lowley & Venables do do do do C.E. R.& J. A.E Lowley & Venables C.E. R. &C. E. W Jan. 15 ' Venables & Webb. Meter No. 1,048 1.527 1,048 1,527 1,527 1,527 1,048 1,527 1,048 1,048 Width. Feet. 480 460 460 515 532 687 663 580 583 583 547 509 Area of Section. Sq. ft. 6,640 5,640 5,640 9,360 11,200 23,900 20,100 15,800 15,100 15,100 12,300 7,630 6,250 Mean Velocity. Ft. per sec. 2-79 2-53 2-72 6-30 7-30 12-40 10-90 9-63 9-42 9-65 7-93 4-86 3-57 Gauge Height. Feet. 10-50 8-50 8-50 15-40 1900 40-20 34-50 27-60 26-10 26-10 2100 13-10 9-50 Discharge. Sec.-ft. 18,600 14,300 115,400 58,700 282,200 297,000 219,000 152,000 142,000 145,000 97,000 37,100 '22,300 Note. — ^Stiong wind downstream. ^Not a reliable measurement. ^New gauge was established August 7, when both gauges read 26' 10*. On November 5 old gauge read 12' 6' while new gauge read 13' 6'. Diffeionce caused by water piling up be.«ide pier to which old gauge was lastened, during high water. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Monthly Discharge of Columbia river near Trail, B.C., for 1913. (Drainage area. 84.000 square miles.) 319 DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in Inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-le(?t. May 165,000 312,000 236,000 152,000 98,400 60,500 39,300 27,800 56,800 191,000 • 150,000 98,400 62, 100 39,300 27,800 18,600 86,400 262,000 181,000 125,000 83,500 46,900 32,200 22,600 2-54 7-70 5-32 3-68 2-46 1-38 0-95 0-66 2-93 8-59 6-13 4-24 2-75 1-59 1-06 0-76 5,310.000 15,600.000 July August September October November December 11.100.000 7,690.000 4,970,000 2,880.000 1.920,000 1,390,000 Note. — Columbia river near Trail is immediately below the mouth of the Kootenay. Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Columbia river near Trail for 1913. D.^Y. April. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge . 1 . Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 16-2 16-1 16- 1 16- 1 16-0 160 16-0 Sec.-ft. 58,200 57,500 57,500 57,500 56,800 56,800 56,800 58,200 61,300 63,700 66,000 68,300 71,400 73,000 76,000 77,600 82,400 85,600 86,400 87,200 88.000 89,600 92,800 97.600 16.670 116,600 Feet. 31-5 32-6 Sec.-ft. 191,000 2 202.000 3 33-7 214,000 4 . . 34-8 226,000 5 . 35-9 239,000 6 . 1 36-7 248,000 37-5 258,000 8 16-2 37-5 , 2,58,000 9 ... . 16-6 16-9 17-2 17-5 17-9 18-1 18-5 18-7 19-3 19-7 19-8 19-9 20-0 20-2 20-6 21-2 i2-3 23-4 24-5 25-8 26-8 27-7 28-9 37-3 256,000 10 39-2 279,000 11 40-0 ! 290,000 12 .. 40-4 1 295,000 13 41-3 1 308,000 14 41-6 ! 312,000 15 . . . .. 41-6 1 312,000 16 . . 41-2 306,000 17 40-6 298,000 18 ii-8 12-0 121 12-5 130 141 14-1 14-4 14-8 15-2 15-5 15-7 160 28,800 30,000 30,600 33,000 36,000 43,500 43,500 45,600 48,400 51,200 53,300 54,700 56,800 40-1 291,000 19 39-4 282,000 20 38-8 274,000 21 38-2 266,000 22 37-6 259,000 23 37- 1 253,000 24 37 0 252,000 25 36-8 1 250,000 26 36-8 ; 2.50.000 27 126,500 j 36-6 247,000 28 137,400 1 36-5 246.000 29 146.200 36-3 244,000 30 1.54,300 361 1 241,000 31 165,100 1 320 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Columbia river near Trail for 1913. — Continued. Day. July. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height 1 Dis- 1 charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 35-7 Sec.-ft. 236.000 Feet. 27-5 27-2 26-9 26-6 26-3 26-0 26-1 26-1 26-0 25-9 25-8 25-8 25-7 25-5 25-2 25-0 24-8 24-4 23-9 23-4 22-8 22-7 22-3 21-8 21-6 21-6 21-4 21-5 21-5 21-5 21-3 Sec.-ft. 152,500 149,800 147, 100 144,400 141,700 1.39,000 139,900 139,900 139,000 138,200 137,400 137,400 136,600 135,000 132,600 131,000 129,200 125,600 121,100 116,600 111,200 110,300 106,700 102,400 100,800 100,800 99,200 100,000 100,000 100,000 98,400 Feet. 21-2 2M 2M 21-0 21-0 21-2 21-3 21-3 21-4 21-2 21-1 20-8 20-4 20-1 19-8 19-4 19-0 18-9 18-7 18-5 18-3 18-2 18-0 17-7 17-4 17-3 17-1 16-9 16-8 16-7 Sec.-ft. 97,600 96,800 96,800 96,000 96,000 97,600 98,400 98,400 98,400 97,600 96,800 94,400 91,200 88,800 86,400 83,200 80,000 79,200 77,600 76,000 74,500 73,700 72,200 69,800 67,500 66,800 65,300 63,700 62,900 62,100 Feet. 16-5 16-4 16-1 15-9 15-7 15-5 15-4 15-2 15-0 14-8 14-7 14-6 14-5 14-3 14-2 14-1 14-8 14-4 14-3 14-2 14-1 14-0 14-0 13-9 13-8 13-8 13-7 13-7 13-6 13-6 13-5 Sec.-ft. 60,500 59,700 57,500 56, 100 54,700 53,300 52,600 51,200 49,800 48,400 47,700 47,000 46,300 44,900 44,200 43,500 48,400 45,600 44,900 44,200 43,500 42,800 42.800 42, 100 41,400 41,400 40,700 40,700 40,000 40,000 39.300 Feet. 13-5 13-4 13-2 13-2 13-1 13-0 13-0 12-9 12-8 12-8 12-7 12-7 12-6 Sec.-ft. .39,300 38,600 37,200 37,200 36,600 36,000 36,000 35,400 34,800 34,800 34.200 34,200 33.600 Feet. 11-6 11-5 11-4 11-3 11-3 11-3 11-2 IM 11-0 10-9 10-8 10-7 10-6 10-5 10-4 10-4 10-4 10-3 10-3 10-2 10-2 10-2 10-1 10-1 10-0 10-0 9-9 9-9 9-8 9-8 9-7 Sec.-ft. 27,800 2 35-3 2-32,000 34-9 227.000 27,500 3 26,800 4 34-5 34-0 33-6 32-8 32-4 32-0 31-7 31-6 31-5 31-3 30-8 30-3 29-8 29-4 28-8 28-4 28-0 27-6 27-2 27-2 27-7 27-9 28-3 28-6 28-5 28-2 27-8 27-6 222,200 217,000 213,000 204,000 200,000 196,000 193,000 192,000 191,000 189,000 184,000 179,000 174,000 170,000 164,200 160,600 157,000 153,400 149,800 149,800 1.54,300 156,100 159,700 162,400 161,500 158,800 155,200 153,400 26,300 5 26,300 6 26.300 7 25,800 8 25,300 9 24.800 10 24,300 11 23,800 12 23,300 13 22,800 14 15 12-4 ; 32,400 12-3 31,800 12-2 31,200 12-0 30,000 11-9 24,400 11-8 1 28.800 22,300 21,800 16 21.800 17 18 21,800 21,300 19 21,300 20 11-7 11-6 11-7 11-8 11-8 11-8 11-8 11-8 11-7 11-7 11-7 28,300 27,800 28,300 28,800 28,800 28,800 28,800 28,800 28,300 28,300 28,300 20,900 21 20,900 20,900 23 20,400 24 20,400 25 26 20,000 20.000 27 19,500 28 29 30 31 19,500 19,000 19,000 18,600 HORSETHIEF CREEK. Location. — On the east slope of the Selkirk mountains, on the traffic bridge 4 miles from Wilmer and 1 mile from the mouth. Records Available. — June to October, 1912; May to September, 1913; Ice measurement on November 27, 1913; discharge, 147. Gauge. — Vertical staff gauge referred to three bench-marks, nailed to one bridge abutment, Capt. Ch. de Crespigny reads the gauge three times a week. Channel. — The measuring section is not a desirable one. The control does not appear permanent, and there may be a backwater effect from the Columbia. Accurate measurements may not be obtained. Discharge Measurements. — Meterings are taken from the bridge, four measurements were made in 1912, and nine in 1913. Accuracy. — The gauge readings are infrequent, the discharge measurements unreliable, and the gauge-height-discharge curves for 1912-13 do not appear satisfactory, nor do they agree. Accuracy not guaranteed to within 25 per cent. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 321 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Discharge Measurements of Horsethief Creek, near Wilmer, B.C., for 1912-13 Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area oi Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. May June Julv Sept. Discharge . C. Hughes do do . E. Richardson. 1913. May. 16.. June 2. . 19.. 11.. 25.. 30.. 3.. June July July July Sept. Sept. 13. Nov. 27. . C. E. R. &J. A. E . iC. E. Richardson r. A. Elliott C. E. Richardson J.A.Elliott do C. E. Richardson and R. G. Swan J. A. Elliott C.E.Webb Ft. per sec. 3-75 5-31 5-19 2-12 2-00 8-00 6-42 6-66 8-60 5-67 4-25 4-12 1-50 Feet. 1-70 2-00 1-90 1-22 1-20 2-65 2-22 2-25 2-50 2-00 1-95 1-88 Sec. ft. 484 1,180 1,170 252 '.71 2,140 1,410 1,500 2,180 1,130 850 770 >147 Note. — 'Gauge frozen in. Monthly Discharge of Horsethief Creek at Mouth for 1913. (Drainage area, 170 square miles.) DlSCH.\RGE IN SeCOXD-FeET. Run-Off. Month. 25f— 22 322 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Horsethief Creek near Wilmer, B.C., for 1913. (Drainage Area 170 square miles.) Day. May. Gauge- Dis- Height. charge June. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. July. Gauge Height. Dis- charge August. Gauge Dis- Htight. charge. September. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26, 27 28 29 30 31 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1.3 1-4 1-5 1-7 1-9 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-4 2-6 2-6 250 250 250 250 295 355 425 610 880 1,220 1,410 1,640 1,880 1,880 2,380 2,380 2,380 2,380 2,380 2,380 2,380 2,380 2,380 2,650 2,930 2,650 2,380 2,380 2,120 2,120 1,880 1,880 1,640 1,640 1,410 1,410 1,410 1,220 1,220 1,220 1,410 1,640 1,640 1,640 1,640 1,640 1,410 1,410 1,220 1,220 1,030 1,410 1,880 1,410 1,410 1,410 1,410 1,220 1,030 1,030 1,030 1,220 1,410 1,640 1,880 2,120 2,650 3,200 2,120 2,120 1,880 1,640 1,220 1,030 1,220 1,410 1,640 2,120 1,880 1,640 1,640 1,410 1,410 1,410 1,640 1,640 1,640 1,410 1,410 1,410 1,030 1,030 1,410 1,030 1,220 1,410 1,410 1,410 1,410 1,410 1,410 1,220 1,220 1,220 1,030 1,030 1,410 1,640 1,410 1,220 880 730 730 730 880 880 730 730 730 730 730 730 610 610 610 illecillewaet river near REVELSTOKE, B.C. Location. — This station is located within 1 mile of the city of Revelstoke, and 1 mile from the mouth of the river; the gauge is located on traffic bridge in S.W. J section 26, township 23, range 2, west 6th meridian; the measuring section is located on traffic bridge in N.E. j section 22, township 23, range 2, west 6th meridian. Records Available. — October to December, 1911; IMay to December, 1912; April to November, 1913. Measurement made under ice conditions in February, 1912, gave a discharge of 197 c.f.s. Gauge. — A chain gauge, referred to two bench-marks, is used and read by Miss S. Moran of Revelstoke. Channel.- — ^The measuring section is one-half mile below gauge. The section at the gauge is very fast in high water, and at the measuring section there is a possibility of backwater from the Columbia during high water, the control at the gauge appears permanent. Discharge Measurements. — Eight well distributed measurements were made during 1911-12, and five were made in 1913. Accuracy. — The gauge readings are accurate, and the stream is closely watched by an o})server. The discharge measurements should be good, but the gauge-height-discharge- curve is not first-class. Accuracy not guaranteed to greater degree than 10 per cent. Winter Conditions — See Columbia river near Revelstoke. BRITISH COLUMBIA ETDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 323 Discharge Measurements of Illecillewaet River near Revelstoke for 1911-12-13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1911. Oct. 13 1912. Feb 24 C. E. Richardson do 1,048 1047 1048 1048 1048 1048 1048 1055 1048 1048 1672 1048 1048 Feet. 140 129 144 145 142 133 128 128 128 134 145 101 130 Sq. ft. 478 221 890 962 735 683 514 498 327 636 878 660 431 Ft. per sec. 1-40 0-89 7-43 7-80 5-57 3-98 3-40 2-16 3-40 8-00 6-92 3-36 1-41 Feet. 1-32 0-70 6-60 6-90 5-60 4-40 3-82 3-00 3-00 611 6-55 3-90 2-35 Sec.-ft. '669 0 197 June 20 do 6,610 June 24 do 7,510 July 3 Aug. 20 Sept. 14 Oct. 4 do 4,100 do 2,320 do 1,750 1,080 1913. May 5 May 26 I.A.Elliott do 21,110 5,030 do 6,080 Sept. 17 R. G. Swan 82,220 Nov. 22 C.E.Webb 607 iGauge abandoned. ^Slightly different section. 'Different section. Monthly Discharge of Illecillewaet River near Revelstoke for 1913. (Drainage area, 480 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 2,110 6,560 11,880 10,300 8,970 11,800 1,590 1,010 300 934 3,740 3,310 1,890 1,240 606 606 1,190 2,845 6,173 5, 134 3,803 2,302 1,094 748 l;-5 5-9 12-8 10-7 7-",. 4-8 2-3 1-6 2-79 6-80 14-28 12-34 9-11 5-36 2-65 1-79 70,800 175,000 364, (M)0 July 316,000 234,000 137,000 67,000 November 44,500 25F-22i 324 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Illecillewaet River near Revelstoke for 1913. April. May. Day. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. June. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Feet. 1-7 1-7 1-5 1-9 1-9 2-1 2-6 3-0 3-3 1-3 3-4 3-3 3-5 3-9 3-9 4-1 4-0 3-8 3-4 3-3 Sec.-ft. 347 347 300 410 410 497 796 1,080 1,320 1,320 1,410 1,320 1,500 1,890 1,890 2,110 2,000 1,790 1,410 1,320 1,320 1,320 1,240 1,240 1,160 Feet. 6-7 Sec.-ft. 1,080 1,080 1,010 1,010 934 934 934 1,410 1,790 2,670 2,670 2,670 2,550 2,550 2,440 2,220 I 2,110 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,440 2,670 4,060 4,234 4,600 5,220 5,220 6,230 5,220 1 5,700 1 6,560 . Feet. Sec.-ft. 6,560 7,340 7,800 6,920 5,700 5,450 5,950 7,800 11,800 11,880 7,800 7,800 8,410 6,920 5,010 4,410 3,900 3,740 4,800 6,920 5,450 4,800 4,800 4,600 4,410 4,800 4,800 4,800 4,800 5,010 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 325 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Illecillewaet River near Revelstoke for 1913. — Continued. Day. July. August. September. Gauge Dis— Gauge Dis- 1 Gauge Dis- Height.l charge. Height. I charge. Height.; charge. October. November. Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge . i Height . I charge. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Feet. I Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 6-6 6-6 5-6 5-5 5-6 6-6 6-8 6-0 6-7 6-2 5-4 5-4 7-4 6-5 6,230 6,230 4,060 3,900 4,060 6,230 6,920 4,800 6,560 5,950 5,220 3,740 3,740 10,300 5,950 5-7 4,234 5-2 3,450 5-3 3,590 5-7 4,234 6-4 5,700 6-5 6-6 6-2 6-5 6-4 6-2 5-9 6-0 5-1 5-2 5,950 6,230 5,220 5,950 5,700 5,220 4,600 4,800 3,310 3,450 5-5 3,900 5-9 6-1 6-2 5-9 6-0 6-1 6-5 7-2 5-8 5-6 5-8 5-7 5-7 5-4 4-8 4-4 4-8 4-6 4-3 4-0 Feet. Sec.-ft. 4,600 5,010 5,220 4,600 4,800 5,010 5,950 8,970 4,410 4,060 4,410 4,234 4,234 3,740 2,910 2,440 2,910 2,670 2,330 2,000 3-8 4-5 4-5 7-6 5-8 4-5 4-3 4-3 4-3 3-9 3-8 4-0 4-6 41 3-9 3-9 3-8 4-3 4-0 3-6 1,790 2,550 2,550 11,800 4,410 2,550 2,330 2,330 2,330 1,890 1,790 2,000 2,670 Feet. Sec.-ft. 3-2 3-6 3-2 3-1 3-0 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-5 2-3 2-6 3-5 2,110 3-6 1,890 3-3 1,890 3-1 1,790 3-0 2,330 2-9 2,000 2-9 1,590 2-9 1,240 1,590 1,240 1,160 1,080 934 934 934 934 730 796 1,500 1,590 1,320 1,160 1,080 1,010 1,010 1,010 4-0 2,000 3-6 1,590 3-0 1,080 4-4 2,440 3-5 1,500 2-8 934 4-7 2,790 3-5 1,500 3-0 1,080 5-0 3,170 3-5 1,500 2-9 1,010 4-8 2,710 3-2 1,240 3-2 1,240 5-7 4,234 3-3 1,320 3-1 1,160 5-7 4,234 3-4 1,410 3-1 1,160 5-2 3,450 3-5 1,500 31 1,160 5-0 3,170 3-5 1,500 3-0 1,080 51 3,310 3-4 1,410 3-0 1,080 3-9 1,890 3-0 1,080 Feet. Sec.-ft. 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-7 2-7 2-6 2-5 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-3 1,010 1,010 1,010 1,010 864 864 796 730 667 667 667 667 667 667 667 667 667 667 667 606 606 606 ILLECILLEWAET RIVER AT GLACIER. Location. — In township 26, range 26, west 5th meridian, at the foot-bridge immediately above the railway bridge, 200 yards from C.P.R. hotel, Glacier. Records Available. — June to December, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Severe (-40° F.) with very heavy snowfall — between 40 and 50 feet. Gauge readings are generally affected by ice conditions from November to April. Gauge. — A vertical staff gauge is used and read by H. T. Hillyer, Glacier, B.C. Channel. — The bed is rocky and during freshet the water is very swift, the control appears permanent. Discharge Measurements. — Twelve well distributed measurements were made during 1913. Accuracy. — Accurate measurements were not obtained. The river is very flashy and the gauge readings obtained cannot be guaranteed to be the mean for the day. Accuracy 20 per cent. General— This station on the Illecillewaet is only 2| miles from the tongue of the Illecillewaet or Great Glacier. The C.P.R. have a small power plant immediately above the station from which they light their hotel during the summer. In extremely cold weather the stream probably drops to 10 c.f.s. 236 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Illecillewaet River near Glacier for 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. May 23 C.E. R do 048 048 048 672 672 672 672 048 048 048 048 048 Feet. 35 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 34 Sq. ft. 22-0 55-4 39-0 63-6 67-7 92-0 74-0 92-0 100-0 65-1 33-8 18-8 Ft. per sec. 3-90 5-70 4-80 6-77 7-20 8-54 7-64 7-77 8-43 5-70 2-56 1-30 Feet. 0-98 1-80 1-40 2-00 2-10 2-70 2-25 2-70 2-90 1-95 0-68 0-20 Sec.-ft. 85-8 316-0 do 187-0 June 13 July 6 July 20 July 21 July 23 Julv 23 J. A.E do 430-0 487-0 do 786-0 do 565-0 C.E. R do 715-0 843-0 Aug. 11 Sept. 10 Dec. 2 do 351-0 R. G.S.&C.E. R C.E. W 86-4 25-1 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Illecillewaet River near Glacier for 1913. Month. DiscH.\RGE IN Second-Feet. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. 650 950 900 325 35 20 25 125 125 90 30 20 15 15 329 July 483 530 79 27 16 16 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPEIC 81RYEY 327 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Illecillewaet River near Glacier for 1913. Day. May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. Sec- 1. F et. 1-8 2-0 2-0 1-9 1-6 1-7 2-0 2-5 2-5 2-2 2-0 2-1 2-0 1-5 1-3 1-2 M 1-7 2-5 1-8 1-5 1-7 1-7 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-4 1-6 1-6 1-8 Sec. -ft. 325 2 410 3 . . 410 4 365 5 245 6 285 7 410 8 650 9 650 10 500 11 410 12 455 13 ■ 410 14 215 15 165 16 145 17 r'".'". 125 18 285 19 650 20 325 21 215 285 23 i-6 1-0 1-2 1-4 1-4 1-4 1-3 1-3 1-7 105 105 145 190 190 190 165 165 285 285 215 25 215 26 215 195 28 245 29 .■ 245 30 325 31 328 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Illecillewaet River near Glacier for 1913. — Continued. Day. July. August. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 2 3 4 Feet. 2-0 1-7 1-6 1-6 1-8 2-1 2-2 2-2 2-0 2-4 1-7 1-7 1-7 M 1-2 11 1-4 1-8 2-4 2-9 3-0 3-1 3-0 3-0 2-8 2-8 2-7 2-4 1-8 1-4 2-9 Sec.-ft. 410 285 245 245 325 455 500 500 410 410 285 285 285 125 145 125 190 325 600 850 900 950 900 900 800 800 750 600 325 190 850 Feet. 2-9 2-9 2-9 2-9 3-0 2-6 2-7 2-3 2-3 2-6 2-5 2-7 2-5 1-5 1-3 1-3 1-2 0-9 0-9 1-4 1-4 2-3 2-6 2-6 2-5 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-2 1-8 Sec.-ft. 850 850 850 850 900 700 750 550 550 700 650 750 650 215 165 165 145 90 90 190 190 650 700 700 550 550 550 550 500 500 325 Feet. 1-0 0-9 1-8 1-5 0-9 0-8 0-8 0-8 0-6 0-7 0-7 0-8 1-0 0-9 0-8 0-8 1-0 0-9 0-8 0-8 0-8 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-4 Sec.-ft. 105 90 375 215 90 75 75 75 55 65 65 75 105 90 75 75 105 90 75 75 75 35 35 35 30 30 30 35 35 35 Feet. 0-4 6-4 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-4 0-5 0-3 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-1 Sec.-ft. 35 35 30 30 30 30 30 25 25 25 35 30 30 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 20 20 20 Feet. 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-1 Sec.-ft. 20 20 20 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 20 Feet. 0-1 0-2 0-2 0-1 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-2 0-0 0-0 0-0 00 0-0 0-0 0-0 Sec.-ft. 20 25 25 20 5 6 15 15 L:::::::::::: 15 15 9 15 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 22 15 15 24 15 0-0 15 0-0 15 27 0-0 1 15 0-0 0-0 0-0 0-0 15 29 15 15 31 15 BRITISH COLUMBIA EYDROGRAPEIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 329 Kicking Horsp River looking upstream from Natunil Bridge. KICKING HORSE RIVER NEAR GOLDEN. Location. — In X.E. j section 12, township 27, ranjic 22, west 5th meridian, on traffic bridge in the town of Golden. Records Available. — xVpril to Octo])er, 1912; Ai)ril to November, 1913. One metering w^as taken under ice conditions in February, 1912; discharge, 172 c.f.s. One metering was taken under ice conditions in Fel)ruary, 1914; discharge 276 c.f.s. Winter Conditions. — Severe (-40° F.), with heavy snowfall. Ice conditions generally exist from November to April. Frazil ice. Gauge. — A vertical staff gauge is used and read two or three times daily l)y Mr. W. Wenmari of Golden, B.C'. Channel. — Straight for 200 yards above and below the station. Control is a sandbar about 100 yards downstream from section. Discharge Measurements.- — JNIeasurements are made from l)ridge, ten being made in 1911-12, and five in 1913. yl cc?/racr/.— Gauge readings are very accurate, the gauge being read as many as six times a day during high water. :\ieasurements ai)i)ear accurate and gauge- height-dischargc curves are very good. Results guarante(ul to l)e within 5 per cent, except in ]\Iay and June, when there may be an error of 15 per cent. 330 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of Kicking Horse River near Golden for 1911-12-13. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of section. Mean velocity. Gauge height. Discharge. 1911. Oct 18 1,048 1,048 1,055 1,055 1,048 1,055 1,055 1,055 1,055 1,055 1,672 1,048 1,672 1,048 1,048 Feet. 103 80 119 110 155 205 185 180 110 110 112 185 185 186 96 Sq. ft. 279 185 430 372 567 928 654 604 363 351 431 654 654 712 277 Ft. per sec. 1-66 0-93 4-28 2-68 4-21 6-42 5-19 4-69 2-85 2-65 3-67 5-60 5-50 6-47 1-40 Feet. 1-72 Sec. -ft. 464 1912. Feb 22 do 1721 May 24 H C. Hughes 3-46 2-64 3-90 5-58 4-62 4-26 2-48 2-36 2-97 4-52 4-52 4-90 1-55 1,840 do 999 do 2,3902 June 24 do 5,9702 July 12 July 26 Sept. 26 Oct 1 do 3,3402 do 2,8302 do 1,035 do 930 1913. May 22 July 5 July 5 Sept. 4 Nov 29 J. A. Elliott 1,540 do 3,660 do 3,580 R. G. Swan 4,610 C. E. Webb 384 1 Ice Conditions. * Water flowing inside channel. Monthly Discharge of Kicking Horse River near Golden for 1913. (Drainage area, 700 square miles.) Month. Discharge in Second-Feet. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 1,260 6,320 9,580 5,660 4,760 4,240 1,420 730 650 416 3,390 2,500 2,250 1,420 650 181 836 1,817 2,762 4,018 3,426 2,056 939 493 1-20 2-60 4-00 5-70 4-90 2-90 1-30 0-70 1-34 3-00 4-46 6-57 5-65 3-24 1-50 0-78 49,700 May 111,000 164,000 July 246,000 210,000 122,000 57,700 29,400 BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 331 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Kicking Horse River near Golden for 1913. Day. April. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . May. June. Gauge Height. Dis- 1 Gauge charge . Height . Dis- charge. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. •20. 21. 22. ^. 24. •25. 26. -27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Feet. 1-9 2-1 2-3 2-1 2-2 2-5 2-6 2-4 21 2-1 2-1 1-9 2-0 1-9 1-9 1-9 Sec.-ft. 650 812 979 812 895 1,150 1,260 1,060 812 812 812 650 730 650 650 650 Feet. Sec.-ft. • Feet. 571 483 483 483 416 416 483 483 483 895 979 979 1,060 1,060 1,060 979 1,060 979 1,060 1,240 1,330 1,600 2,130 2,370 2,910 3,390 3,580 5,050 6,320 5,660 6,320 Sec.-ft. 5-7 7,040 5-8 7,420 5-8 7,420 5-7 7,040 5-7 7,040 5-4 5,980 5-5 6,320 6-0 8,240 6-3 9,580 6-3 9,580 6-2 9,120 61 8,670 5-8 7,420 5-7 7,040 5-2 5,350 4-7 4,000 4-5 3,580 4-4 3,390 4-9 4,490 6-0 8,240 5-5 6,320 51 5,050 51 5,050 4-9 4,490 4-8 4,240 4-7 4,000 4-8 4,240 4-6 3,780 4-9 4,490 4-8 4,240 332 DEFARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Kicking Horse River near Golden for 1913. — Continued. Day. July. Aug ust. September. October. November. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height . Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 Feet. 5-2 5-1 4-8 4-6 4-4 4-3 5-3 4-8 4-8 4-9 4-8 4-5 4-4 4-2 4-0 3-8 3-8 4-0 4-3 4-7 5-0 5-1 5-2 5-0 5-1 5-2 4-9 4-8 4,7 4-2 4-0 Sec.-ft. 6,350 5,050 4,240 3,780 3,390 3,220 5,660 4,240 4,240 4,490 4,240 3,580 3,390 3,060 2,770 : 2,500 2,500 2,770 3,220 4,000 4,760 5,050 5,350 4,760 5,050 5,350 4,490 4,240 4,000 3,060 2,770 Feet. 4-5 4-8 4-7 4-7 4-6 4-8 4-6 5-0 4-7 4-7 4-5 4-8 5-0 4-6 4-3 4-0 4-0 4-5 3-8 3-7 3-6 3-8 3-9 4-1 4-2 4-2 4-1 4-3 4-2 4-5 4-2 Sec.-ft. 3,580 4,240 4,000 4,000 3,780 4,240 3,780 4,760 4,000 4,000 3,580 4,240 4,760 3,780 3,220 2,770 2,770 3,580 2,500 2,370 2,250 2,500 2,630 2,910 3,060 3,060 2,910 3,220 3,060 3,580 3,060 Feet. 3-8 3-3 3-2 4-7 4-8 4-3 3-9 3-7 3-9 3-7 3-5 3-4 3-5 3-4- 3-2 3-2 3-1 3-4 3-3 3-1 3-0 3-0 2-9 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-9 2-8 2-8 2-8 Sec.-ft. 2,500 1,900 1,790 4,000 4,240 3,220 2,690 2,370 2,690 2,370 2,130 2,010 2,130 2,010 1,790 1,790 1,690 2,010 1,900 1,690 1,600 1,600 1,510 1,420 1,420 1,420 1,510 1,420 1,420 1,420 Feet. 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-6 2-0 2-5 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-2 2-2 .2-3 2-4 2-4 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-2 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-1 2-0 2-0 2-0 2-0 2-0 1-9 1-9 Sec.-ft. 1,420 1,420 1,420 1,240 1,150 1,150 969 979 895 895 895 979 1,060 1,060 979 979 895 895 812 812 812 812 812 812 730 730 730 730 730 650 650 Feet. 1-9 1-9 1-8 1-9 2-0 1-9 1-9 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-8 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-8 1-8 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-6 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-8 Sec.-ft 650 2 650 3 571 4 5 6 650 730 650 7 650 8 571 9 571 10 11 571 571 12 571 13 14 15 16 : 416 340 340 571 17 18 19 571 416 340 20.. 340 21 201 22 181 23 265 24 416 483 26 483 27 .;...!.. 483 28 . . ......; 483 29 ,' 571 30 31 . KICKING HORSE RIVER NEAR FIELD. Location.- — In township 28, range 18, west 5th meridian, below the mouth of Yoho river, on the first traffic bridge, 3j miles east of Field. Records Available.- — June to November, 1912; June to December, 1913. Winter Conditions. — Severe (-40° F.), with heavy snowfall. The river generally remains frozen from the end of November to April. Frazil ice is to be contended with. Gauge.- — ^A chain gauge is used and read three times a week by Mr. Wm. Oke, of Field, B.C. Channel.- — ^The channel is straight for 50 yards above and below the station, the water is very swift during freshet, the control fairly permanent. Discharge Measurements. — Eight well distributed measurements in 1912, and eight in 1913 were made from traffic bridge above mentioned. Accuracy. — The gauge readings are not frequent. The discharge measure- ments made in 1913 all agreed to within 2 per cent of the measurements made in 1912. The results at this station are within 10 per cent. BRITISH COUMBIl HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 333 Ku'king Hi.i>c Kiv30-8 73-3 320 335 2230 252 253 Note. — 'Different section. ^Gauge datum raised 1 foot. Monthly Discharge of Kicking Horse River above mouth of Yoho River for 1913. (Drainage area, 50 square miles.) Discharge in Secoxd-Feet. Month. Maximum. Minimum 52 25 396 17 770 222 491 187 517 204 351 96 96 42 42 25 21 21 Mean. Per square mile. Run-Off. Depth in inches Drainage area. acre-feet. April May June July August September . October November •December 34 94 438 341 291 166 60 32 21 0-68 1-88 8-76 6-82 5-82 3-32 1-20 0-64 0-42 0-76 2-17 9-77 7-86 6-71 3-70 1-38 0-71 0-48 2,020 5,780 26,000 21,000 17,900 9,880 3,690 1,900 1,290 Note. — • Estimated — some gauge readings were affected by ice conditions. 25f— 23 338 DEPAh'TMEXT OF THE I XT Eh' I OR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 D\iLY Gauge Heights and Discharges of Kicking Horse River aljove mouth of Yoho River for 1913. Day. April. Gauge Dis- Height . charge . Feet. Sec.-ft Mav. June. Gauge Height. Feet. 1-9 2-0 2-1 2-1 21 21 2-1 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-9 3-0 3-2 3-3 Dis- Gauge Dis- charge. Height, charge. Sec.-ft. i Feet. i 4-6 4-7 4-6 4-6 4-6 4-2 4-2 4-6 5-2 5-4 17 17 25 33 42 42 42 42 42 42 52 62 84 96 no 140 115 187 204 242 351 373 396 5-5 51 5-0 4-8 4-2 3-8 3-6 3-4 3-8 4-S 4-0 4-0 4-0 41 3-9 3-8 3-9 4-0 Sec.-ft. 491 517 491 491 491 396 396 491 667 734 770 634 603 445 396 305 262 222 305 445 491 373 351 351 351 373 328 305 328 351 BRITISH COLUMBIA ll\ nUtHlUAl'U IC SURVEY 339 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Kiekiiis Hors(> River above mouth of Yoho River for 1913. — Continued. Day. July. Aug ust. September. October. November. Gauge Dis- Gauge Di.s- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- Height. charge Height . charge Height . charge. Height. charge. Heiglit . charge. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. Sec.-ft. 4-3 419 3-6 262 3-5 242 25 84 2-1 42 4-5 4fif) 3-8 305 30 155 2-6 96 2-0 33 4-0 3.71 4-0 351 2-9 140 2-6 96 2-1) 33 3-8 30.5 40 351 3-5 242 2-5 84 2-0 33 3-7 283 4-0 351 40 351 2-5 84 2-() 33 3-6 262 40 351 3-5 242 2-5 84 2-0 33 4-5 466 41 375 3-4 222 2-4 73 2-0 33 4-2 396 4-3 419 3-3 204 2-4 73 2-0 33 4-0 351 4-0 351 3-5 242 2-3 62 2-0 33 4-3 419 3-9 326 3-5 242 2-3 62 2-1) 33 4-2 396 3-8 305 31 170 2-3 62 2-0 33 3-8 305 4-0 351 31 170 2-3 62 2-0 33 3-6 262 4-7 517 31 170 2-3 62 2-0 33 3-4 222 4-2 396 3-2 187 2-3 62 2-0 33 3-4 222 3-9 328 30 1.55 2-3 62 2-0 33 3-3 204 3-7 283 3-0 1,55 2-2 52 2-0 33 3-2 187 3-5 242 2-9 140 2-2 52 2-0 33 3-4 222 3-5 242 3-0 1.55 2-2 52 2-0 33 3-6 262 3-4 222 3-0 1.55 9.9 52 2-0 33 4-0 351 3-3 204 3-0 1.55 9.9 52 2-0 33 4-4 442 3-3 204 2-9 140 2-2 52 20 33 4-6 491 3-3 204 2-9 140 9.9 52 2-0 33 4-5 466 3-3 204 2-S 185 21 42 2-0 33 4-4 442 3-4 222 2-7 119 2-1 42 2-C 33 4-5 466 3-5 242 2-7 111) 21 42 2-0 33 4-3 419 3-5 242 2-6 96 21 42 20 33 4-1 373 3-6 262 2-6 96 21 42 1-9 25 3-9 328 3-4 222 2-6 96 21 42 1-9 25 3-8 305 3-4 222 2-6 96 2-1 42 1-9 3-6 262 3-5 242 2-6 96 2-1 42 1-9 25 3-4 222 3-4 222 21 42 KOOTENAY RIVER .^T GLADE. Location. — Ten miles from the mouth, below llie mouth of Slocan riv(>r, 16 miles from Nelson, at the ferry eable netir (Hade, B.C. Records Available. — May to December, 1913. Winter Conditions. — The thermometer seldom <>;oes below zei-o; the sno\\falI is fairly heavy; the river never freezes over. Gauge. — Four 5 foot gauges, reading from 0 to 5 feet, o to 10 feet, 10 to 15 feet, and from 15 to 20 feet are used, and read twice dailv bv F. Striloiff of (Hade, B.C. Channel.- — The channel is straight for (luarter of a mile above and below section and very uniform. There are riffles 1 ,()()() yards above ;iiid below 1 he section which is ideal for metering purposes. Discharge Measurements. — Seven well-distributed measurements were made during 1913 from a cable car used on a ferry cable. Accuracy. — Accurate gauge readings are obtained, accurate measurements were taken, and the gauge-height-discharge curve is very satisfactory The results at this station are guaranteed to be within 5 per cent. General. — The Kootenay river is one of the largest and most important rivers in British Columbia. It rises in the Px'averfoot range of the i^jcky 25 F— 23-1 340 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 mountains, in township 24, range 17, west 5th meridian. It flows in practically a southerly direction for 175 miles, where it crosses the border into the state of Montana. It re-enters Canada from Idaho at a poinb about 60 miles west from where it entered Montana. The river is now flowing almost due north through an extensive area of bottom land which is submerged in high water. About 15 miles from the border the river loses itself in beautiful Kootenay lake, famous to all travellers along the Crowsnest route of the C.P.R. Kootenay lake is 75 miles long — north and south^ — and from 2 to 6 miles wide. About 30 miles from the southern end of the lake is what is called the west Arm of Kootenay lake. This arm gradually narrows down till about 3 miles west of Nelson, a pronounced riffle shows us that we are once more following a river. From this point to the mouth is a distance of about 25 miles, in which the river falls about 350 feet, affording various power sites including Upper Bonnington and Bonnington falls. The Kootenay discharges into Columbia river shortly jbelow Arrow lakes, and about 25 miles above the international boundary line. jFi'ora a hydrographic point there are three outstanding features on the Kootenay. (1) Power developments and possibilities between Kootenay lake and the mouth of the river. (2) The possibilities of a reclamation scheme to reclaim thousands of acres of land in Idaho and British Columbia between Kootenay lake and the international boundary line. (3) Kootenay is an international stream — flowing into Montana from British Columbia, through Idaho back into British Columbia. 1. Power. — At the present time there are three power developments on Kootenay river between Kootenay lake and the mouth of the river. (a) At Upper Bonnington falls the West Kootenay Light and Power Company have a plant which develops. 16,000 horse-power, and two extra units are now being added which will increase the capacity to 36,000 horse power. From this plant power is supplied to light Trail, Rossland, Grand Forks, Phcenix, Greenwood, and Eholt; power is supplied to mines at Nelson, Rossland, Green- wood and Phoenix, to the smelters at Trail and Grand Forks, and for irrigation purposes in Grand Forks district. The proposed electrification of the C.P.R. between Rossland and Castlegar will be most probably supplied with power by the same company. (b) The power-house of the City of Nelson Power and Light Company is located at Upper Bonnington falls also. This development is 1,250 k.w., and supplies power to the city of Nelson for light, for the street railway and for manufacturing purposes, and to a few mines in the vicinity of Nelson. (c) The West Kootenay Light and Power Company have a development of 4,000 horse-power at Lower Bonnington falls, which is at present used only as an auxiliary plant. There are various undeveloped sites in this section of the river and it has been estimated that 1,000,000 horse-power (24-hours) may at any time be developed at a low cost" per horse-power. 2. Reclamation. — Through part of Idaho and that part of British Columbia between the boundary and Kootenay lake, Kootenay river winds its way through a valley from 1 to 3 miles wide. At low and medium stages the river is fairly well confined to a main channel and two or three side channels, but in high water the vast area of bottom land becomes a lake. This bottom land, if reclaimed, is very valuable, and several investigations have already been made, and it is anticipated that more thorough studies will be made in the near future. It is an international proposition. 3. Complications may set in at any time on the international streams and for that reason it is essential to know the amount of water flowing from one country into another where it is at all possible. k. ti.!^ ^ k^ l iL Ml BRITISH COLUMBIA HTDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 341 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Discharge Measurements of Kootenay River near Glade, B.C., 1913. Date. Hydrographer. Meter No. Width. Area of Section . Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1913. Feet. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. Feet. Sec.-ft. June 13 July 3 31 Aug. 6 Sept. 6 Nov. 27 C.E. R. &H. G.L H. G.L. & A. J. V H.G.L.&A. J. V Ca. R.& J. A.E H. G. L. & A. J. V C.E. R.&A. J. V 1,048 1,527 1,527 1,672 .. 1,527 1,527 720 706 655 660 600 550 16,000 12,400 8,930 8,450 6,980 4,940 9-63 8-38 6-21 6-08 4-81 3-05 24-5 19-8 14-6 13-85 11-50 7-82 154,000 104,000 55,500 51,400 33,600 15,100 1914. Jan. 31 A.J. V. &C.E.W 1,048 549 4,620 2-82 7-40 13,000 Note.— This station was established by C. E. Richardson and maintained during 1913 conjointly by \V. J. E. Biker, Provincial Water Rights Engineer, Nelson, and the Dominion Hydrographic Survey. Monthly Discharge of Kootenay River near Glade, B.C., for 1913. (Drainage area, 19,000 square miles.) DlSCH.^RGE IX Second-Feet. Run-Off. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. May 177,200 1154,000 108,000 54,700 33,600 22,100 17,000 15,000 32,300 93,000 56,300 32,100 23,100 18,000 15,000 9.900 45,400 126,000 78,900 42,900 28,600 19,400 15,900 12,400 2-39 6-63 415 2-26 1-50 1-02 0-84 0-65 2-76 7-40 4-78 2-61 1-67 1-18 0-94 0-75 2,790,000 7,500,000 July 4.850,000 2,640,000 1.700,000 1,190,000 946,000 762,000 Note. — Kootenay river near Glade, B.C., is 12 miles from mouth. ■Deduced by subtracting the discharges of Columbia at Castlegar from that at Trail. 342 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Kootenay River near Glade, B.C., for 1913. Day. June. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. 1 , Feet. Sec.-ft. 24-5 22-3 24-0 23-8 23-2 23-0 22-7 22-6 2^-2 22-0 21-7 21 5 21-4 21-1 20-9 20-3 20-3 154,000 153,000 148,000 146,000 139,000 137,000 134,000 133,000 129,000 127,000 124,000 122,000 120,000 117,000 115,000 109,000 109,000 BRITISH rof.lMlUA ID Dh'OC l.'M'll ic SI NVEY 343 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily CIauge Heights and Discharges of Kootcnay River near (ila(l(\ B.C., for 1913. — Continued. Day. ,Iul V. Aug ust. September. October. November. December. Gauge Height . Dis- c-harge Gauge Height. Di.^- charge Ciauge Height Dis- charge Ciauge Height Die- charge. Gauge Height. Di.s- charge. Gauge Height. Di.s- charge . I Feet. 20-2 20- 1 19-8 19-65 19-45 19-1 18-85 18-7 18-5 18-25 18-05 17-85 17-65 17-45 17-25 , 16-95 16-65 16-35 16-15 15-9 15-7 15-7 15-6 15-6 15-5 15-4 15-3 15-1 15 0 14-S 14-6 Sec.-ft. 108,000 107,000 104,000 102,000 100,000 97,000 94,600 93,200 91,300 88,900 87,000 85,000 83,000 81,000 79,200 76,600 74,000 71,400 69,800 67,600 65,800 65,800 46,900 64,900 64,000 63.100 62,200 00,400 .59.. 500 57,900 56,000 Feet. 14-4 14-3 14-2 14-1 13-9 13-8 13-65 13-5 13-5 13-4 13-3 13-25 13-2 13-1 13-0 12-9 12-8 12-7 12-6 12-5 12-4 12-25 12-1 11-9 11-8 11-8 11-7 11-6 11-5 11-4 11-3 Sec.-tt. 54,700 .■)3,900 ,53,100 ,52,300 50,800 .50,000 48,900 47,800 47,800 47,000 46,300 45,900 45,500 44,800 44,000 43,200 42.400 41,600 40,800 40, 100 39,400 38,400 37,300 35,900 35,200 .35,200 34,500 33,900 33,300 32,700 32,100 Feet. 11-3 11-2 11-1 11-3 11-55 11-5 11-4 11-4 11-4 11-4 11-4 11-2 11-1 11-0 10-8 10-5 10-5 10-5 10-4 10-3 U)-2 10-2 10-1 10-0 10-0 9-9 9-9 9-8 9-8 9-7 Sec. -ft. 32.100 31,500 30,900 32,100 33,600 33,300 32,700 32,700 32.700 32.700 32.700 31,. 500 30,900 30,300 29,100 27,300 27,300 27,300 26,700 26,100 25,600 25,600 25,100 24,600 24,600 24,100 24, 100 23,600 23,600 23,100 Feet, 9-5 9.4 9-4 9-3 9-1 9-1 9-0 9-0 ()-0 9-0 8-9 8-9 8-8 8-8 8-9 8-8 8-8 S-8 8-S 8-7 8-7 8-7 8-6 8-6 8-6 S-6 8-5 8-5 8-5 8-5 8-5 Sec. -ft. 22,100 21,600 21,600 21,200 20,400 20,400 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 19,600 19,600 19,200 19,200 19,600 19,200 19,200 19,200 19,20t) 18,800 18,800 18,800 18,400 18,400 18,400 18,400 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 18,000 Feet. 8-5 8-2 8-2 8-2 8-1 8-1 81 8-1 8-1 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 8-0 7-9 7-9 7-8 7-8 See. -ft. 17,000 16,600 16,600 16,600 16.200 16.200 16,200 16,200 16,200 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,800 15,400 15,400 15,400 15,000 Feet. 7-8 7-8 7-8 7-7 7-7 7-6 7-6 7-5 7-5 7-4 7-4 7-3 7-3 7-2 7-1 71 7-0 7-0 6-9 6-9 6-8 6-8 6-7 6-7 6-6 6-6 6-5 6-5 6-5 6-4 6-4 Sec.-ft. 15,000 15,000 15,000 4 14,600 14,600 6 14,200 14,200 8 9 ' . 13,900 13,900 10 11 13,. 500 13,. 500 12 13 14 13,100 13, 100 12,800 15 . . 12,400 16 12,400 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 12,000 12,000 11,600 ll.OIKI 11,3011 11,. 300 11,000 11,000 10,600 26 27 28 29 30 31 10,600 10,200 10,200 10,200 9,900 9,900 NO. 2 (KEEK. Locution. — No. 2 creek flows easterly into Columhia river from the Selkirk range, about 0 miles from Wilmer. 'riie ,i>au,u;ing station is located about 1 mile from the moutli of the highway bridge on road from Wilmer to Forster's Landing. Records Available.— 3 nne to October, 1912; May to I)eceinl)er, 1913. Winter Condition.^. — Severe ( 40° V.). with light snowfall, as may be found in semi-arid districts in I^ritish ("olunil)ia. The riv(M- is generally frozen from November to Ajiril. Gauge. — A staff gauge is u.sed and read by Mrs. Colin MacKay of .Monnish ranch, Wilmer. Channel. — The channel winds immediately above the section and the water is always very fast; the .station is not suitable for metering, but is the most desirable one to be olitained except by erecting a cable station. Discharge Meamrements. — Five measunMiienls in 1912, and eight in 1913 were taken from the highway bridge. Accuracy. — Accurate gauge heights are obtained, but the measuring .section is very poor. These results guaranteed only to be within 15 and 20 [ler cent. 344 DEPARTMENT OF TEE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Discharge Measurements of No. 2 Creek near Forster's Landing for 1912-13. Date. Hydrographer. 1 Meter No. ' Width. Area of Section. Mean Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1912. Mav 29.... June 13 . .1 H.C.Hughes . . ' do 1,055 1,055 Feet. 32 53 54 57 32 Sq. ft. 64 114 114 116 i 43 Ft. per sec. 4-9 6-6 6-04 6-4 4-74 Feet. 0-84 1-70 1-68 1-70 0-40 Sec.-ft. 314 741 Julv 3.... do . ..i 1,055 689 24 do 1,055 745 Sept. 28.... 1913. C. E. Richardson ... 1,055 1 203 May June July Sept. Nov. 16 C.E. R.& J. A.E... 19 I J.A.Elliott 11 I C.E. Richardson.... 15 J.A.Elliott do C.E. R. &R. G. J. A. Elliott C.E.Webb S... 1,672 35 1,672 90 1,048 88 1,672 90 1,672 90 1,048 70 1,672 70 1,048 34-5 402 161 155 209 130 73 71 36-2 4-58 0-78 7-00 6-62 5-81 5-50 6-30 3-32 0-54 1-55 1-70 2-00 1-00 0-50 0-4? -0-22 U84 2933 31,090 31,380 756 404 3437 120 Note.- -^Gauge shifted O'-l". ^New Gauge. ^Different section. Monthly Discharge of No. 2 Creek near Forster's Landing for 1913. (Drainage area, 200 square miles.) DlSCH.\RGE IN SeCOXD-FeET. Month. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Run-Off. Depth Per in inches square on mile. Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. May June July August September. October November December* 805 1,930 1,320 1,545 1,170 344 257 170 190 908 584 486 344 216 60 60 306 1,223 986 869 501 282 129 106 1-53 611 4-93 4-35 2-50 1-41 0-65 0-53 1-76 6-82 5-68 5-02 2-79 1-63 0-73 0-61 18,800 72.600 60,600 53,400 29,800 17,300 7,680 6,520 Note. — *Last 10 days in December estimated. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY 345 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Xo. 2 Creek near Forster's Landing for 1913. Day Mav. June. Gauge Dis- Gauge Height . charge Height . Dis- charge 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Feet. 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-5 0-5 0-5 0-6 0-5 0-3 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-4 0-5 0-7 0-9 0-8 M 1 2 1-4 1-6 1-7 1-6 Sec.-tt. 205 190 190 190 190 190 205 205 220 220 220 240 220 190 190 190 205 205 205 205 220 270 335 300 410 455 555 670 735 670 Feet. Sec.-ft. 1-9 2-2 2-1 2-2 2-0 21 1-9 2-1 2-8 2-8 2-8 2-6 2-5 2-4 1-9 1-6 1-4 1-4 1-6 2-2 1-9 1-6 1-6 1-7 1-6 2-0 1-7 1-7 1-8 1-7 87. 1,116 1,030 1,110 950 1,030 875 1,030 1,930 1,930 1,930 1,779 1,69a 1,620 1,24S 1,030 908 908 1,030 1,47« l,24i 1,03« 1,03« 1,100 1,030 1,320 1,100 1,100 1,170 1,100 805 346 DErARTMEXT OF THE IXTEIUOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of No. 2 Creek near Forster's Landing for 1913. — Continued. July. Gauge Height . Dis- charge 1 Feet. 1-8 2 1-9 3 1-4 4 1-3 5 1-3 6 1-4 7 1-9 8 1-7 9 1-7 10 1-9 11 1-7 12 1-5 1.3 1-4 14 10 !.■< 0-9 16 0-8 17 0-9 18 0-9 19 1-3 20 1-4 21 1-8 22 1-9 23 2-0 24 1-9 2-0 26 1-S 27 1-6 28 1-6 29 1-5 30 11 31 1-2 Sec.-ft. 1,170 1,245 849 849 1,245 1,100 1,100 1,245 1,100 968 908 686 634 584 634 634 849 908 1,170 1,245 1,.320 1,245 1,320 1,170 1,030 1,030 968 738 792 August . September, November. Gauge I Dis- Gauge Dis- Gauge Dis- j Gauge i Dis- Height . I charge Height, charge Height, charge , Height . | charge Feet. 1-4 1-7 2-1 2-0 1-8 1-7 1-8 2-3 1-6 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-6 M 1-0 0-8 0-7 0-7 0-6 0-6 0-6 0-7 M 1-3 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-0 1-3 1-2 1-3 Sec.-ft. 1,100 1,170 1,545 1,030 968 968 1,030 738 686 584 535 535 486 486 ,535 738 849 792 792 849 686 849 790 Feet. 908 0-9 1,100 0-7 1,395 0-8 1,320 1-3 1,170 1-8 1-0 0-8 0-8 0-7 0-6 0-5 0-5 0-4 0-4 0-3 0-4 0-4 0-4 Sec.-ft. Feet. 634 335 584 849 1,170 686 584 584 535 486 437 437 390 390 544 0-4 390 0-4 390 0-3 344 0-5 437 0-4 390 0-4 390 0-4 390 1-0 686 0-fi 486 0-5 437 0-6 n.270 «424 2,650 32,420 1,560 1,850 1,090 644 3676 n40 Note. -iDi£ferent section. -New gauge. 'Different section. ^Ice conditions. Monthly Discharge of Toby Creek near Mouth (highway bridge) for 1913. (Drainage area, 220 square miles.) Discharge i.v Second-Feet. Month. Run-Off. Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet . Mayi 2,290 295 June 3,650 1,200 July 1 2.470 690 August 1,960 I 690 September ! 1,530 445 October 555 I 395 726 2,133 1.487 1.230 713 441 3-30 9-70 6-76 5-59 3-24 2-00 3-81 10-82 7-79 6-45 3-62 2-31 44.600 126,700 91,000 75,600 42,400 27, 100 NoTE.^'First 17 davs estimated. 358 DEPARTMEXT OF THE IXTERIOK 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Gauge Heights and Discharges of Toby Creek near Mouth for 1913. Day. May. June. Jul y. Aug ust. September. October. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Dis- Height. charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge . Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Dis- charge. Gauge Height. Di.s- charge . 1 Feet. Sec.-ft. Feet. 3-55 3-65 3-8 3-7 3-5 3-4 3-5 4-2 4-3 4-3 3-9 3-95 4-0 3-4 3-0 2-95 2-8 2-8 3-5 3-4 3-2 3-15 3-2 3-2 3-25 3-4 3-3 3-2 3-2 3-3 Sec.-ft. 2,205 2,380 2,660 2,470 2,120 1,960 2,120 3,450 3,650 3,650 2,850 2,950 3,050 1,960 1,410 1,.355 1,200 1,200 2,120 1,960 1,670 1,600 1,670 1,670 1,740 1,960 1,810 1,670 1,670 1,810 Feet. 3-55 3-3 2-95 3-0 2-9 3-0 3-4 3-25 3-2 3-2 31 3-2 2-6 2-5 2-2 2-4 2-4 2-6 3-05 3-2 3-2 3-45 3-7 3-5 3-2 31 3-1 3-0 2-9 2-9 2-8 Sec.-ft. 1,885 1,810 1,355 1,410 1,300 1,410 1,960 1,740 1,670 1,670 1,.530 1,670 1,010 920 690 840 840 1,010 1,470 1,670 1,670 2,040 2,470 2,120 1,670 1,530 1,530 1,410 1,300 1,300 1.200 Feet. 3-2 3-2 3-2 3-4 3-2 3-2 3-2 3-15 3-1 3-1 2-9 3-0 2-8 2-6 2-5 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-6 2-6 2-9 2-85 2-7 2-5 2-7 2-9 2-7 2-7 Sec.-ft. 1,670 1,670 1,670 1,960 1,670 1,670 1,670 1,600 1,530 1,530 1,300 1,410 1,200 1,010 920 765 765 765 690 690 765 1,010 1,010 1,300 1,250 1,100 920 1,100 1,300 1,100 1,100 Feet. 2-7 2-3 2-3 2-3 31 2-55 2-35 2-3 2-4 2-2 2-0 1-8 2-2 2-1 2-0 2-0 2-2 2-7 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-0 2-0 2-0 2-0 2-0 2-0 2-0 2-0 Sec.-ft. 1,100 765 765 765 1,530 965 800 765 840 690 555 445 690 620 555 555 690 1,100 690 690 690 690 555 5.55 555 555 555 555 555 555 Feet. 1-9 2-0 1-9 1-9 1-9 1-85 1-85 1-85 1-85 1-85 1-85 1-9 1-95 1-9 1-8 1-8 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 1-7 Sec.-ft. 495 2 555 3 ■■ .... 495 4 495 5 495 6 470 7 470 8 470 9 470 10 470 11 470 r' 495 13 525 14 495 15 445 16 445 17 395 18 i-7 1-7 1-75 1-9 2-2 2-5 2-6 ■ 2-8 ' 3-0 3-3 3-45 3-45 3-6 3-6 395 395 420 495 690 920 1,010 1,200 1,410 1,810 2,040 2,040 2,290 2,290 395 19 395 20 395 21 395 22 395 23 395 24 395 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 395 395 395 39s 395 395 395 YOHO RIVER. General. — There is no reguhir gauging station on Yoho river. The dischar- ges are deduced from the discharges of Kicking Horse river, above and bek)w the mouth of the Yoho i.e. near No. 2 tunnel, and near Field. Winter Conditions. — The winter conditions are very severe in the Yoho drainage, the thermometer dropping as low as -50 °F.. The snowfall is very heavy, particularly in the upper reaches. The river remains frozen for three or four months each year. Monthly Discharge of Yoho River at Mouth for 1913. (Drainage area, 75 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run -Off. MO.VTH. 1 Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Per square mile. Depth in inches on Drainage area. Total in acre-feet. 2,140 1 548 2,580 i 493 2.520 606 770 1 160 191 i 73 82 62 1,260 1,530 1,610 342 103 74 16-8 20-4 21-4 4-6 1-4 1-0 18-7 23-5 24-7 51 1-6 11 74,500 July 94,100 99,000 20,400 6,330 4,400 Note.— Discharges deduced from discharges obtained on Kicking Horse river above £ind below mouth of Yoho river. BRITISH COLUMBIA HYnROGRAI'HIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 359 'I'akukkaw l'all>— ^Oho Valley near Fieki, B.C. 360 DEPARTMEXT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Daily Discharges of Yoho River near Field for 1913. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. -Day. June. July. August. September. October. November. Discharge. Discharge. Discharge. Discharge. Discharge. Discharge. 1 9 Sec.-ft. 919 1,033 1,219 1,219 1,059 1,014 1,314 1,539 1,683 2,136 1,910 1,866 1,747 1,425 1,014 Sec.-ft. 1,771 1,404 1,059 1,105 987 1,288 2,034 1,954 1,679 1,611 1,474 1,105 878 688 493 Sec.-ft. 2,088 2,045 2,149 2,519 2,329 2,149 1,977 1,771 1,679 1,702 1,885 2,149 1,833 L,474 1,082 Sec.-ft. 668 755 770 568 559 668 688 511 388 318 390 330 280 213 245 Sec.-ft. 191 159 139 131 116 111 112 112 108 108 108 98 98 98 83 Sec.-ft. 73 82 3 4 5 82 82 82 6 82 82 8 82 9 10 11 82 82 82 12 - 13 14 15 82 82 72 72 715 548 918 1,405 1,745 1,379 1,337 1,059 1,059 1,059 511 528 918 1,288 1,679 2,058 2,009 2,034 2,428 2,584 897 2,451 812 2,127 1,105 2,022 1,222 1,565 ! 1,359 1 , 768 '• 1,968 1 857 778 778 688 606 706 936 1,666 1,968 1,948 1,948 1,768 1,648 1,648 1,788 1,328 245 220 205 175 175 160 160 175 190 190 204 204 204 204 204 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 103 103 MISCELLANEOUS METERING STATIONS. INCOMAPPLEUX RIVER. Location. — Immediately outside the Southern limit of the Railway Belt 2 miles from the mouth near Beaton, on the Northeast Arm, Arrow Lakes. Winter Conditions.— The snowfall is heavy but the temperature (-30 °F.) is milder than at Revelstoke, the river freezes over for two or three months each year. Gauge. — Due to a probable effect of backwater, the gauge could not be located on the bridge between Commapleux and Beaton, from which measure, ments are made. A staff gauge was established near Burbidge's ranch in ]May- but due to excessive highwater and drift wood it was washed out in June. A new gauge was set in a slightly different location and tied into same bench marks. This gauge was found to be in riffle in low water, and a third gauge was set. No relation could be obtained between the three gauges. Channel. — At the gauge the water is fast, the control has not been studied, the measuring section is satisfactory. Discharge Measurements. — Seven well distributed measurements were obtained in 1913. Accuracy. — Due to great trouble with the gauge reliable daily discharges were not obtained, so the results are not published. The Incomappleux and BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 361 Illecillewaet appear to be similar streams. The drainage areas are about the same, but the discharge of the Incomappleux during the summer months appears about 30 per cent in excess of the Illicillewaet. During the ■uinter it appears to fall lower than the Illecillewaet. Discharge Measurements of Incomappleux River near Beaton^for 1913. Meter No. Width. Area of Mean Section. Velocity. Gauge Height. Discharge. 1913. May 8. " 28. July 8. 18. Aug. 11. Sept. 18. Nov. 21. C. E. R.&J. A. E 1,048 J. A. E 1,672 J.A.E 1,672 J.A.E 1,672 J.A.E 1,672 R.G.S.&C.E. R 1,048 C.E. VV ..' 1,048 Feet. Sq. ft. Ft. per sec. 100 96 98 100 90 98 93 635 1,130 966 1,056 1,097 830 526 2-80 7-63 6-16 5-82 5-39 4-91 1-13 Feet. 2-28 4-90 5-50 5-02 5-60 4-87 2-40 Sec.-ft. 1,800 '8,632 5,932 6,130 5,940 4,080 597 Note. — 'Fair measurement. Monthly Discharge of Columbia River at International Boundary Line for 1913. (Drainage area, 61,000 square miles.) Discharge in Second-Feet. Run -Off. Depth Per in inches Total Maximum. Minimum. Mean. square on in mile. Drainage area. acre-feet. 428,000 279,000 368,000 603 6-73 21,900,000 329,000 186,000 241,000 3-95 4-55 14,800,000 184,000 113,000 146,000 2-39 2-76 8,980,000 112,000 70,700 94,600 1-55 1-73 5,630,000 68,800 47,200 54,800 0-90 104 3,370,000 47,400 37,100 41,000 0-67 0-75 2,440,000 37,600 24,800 30,400 0-50 0-58 1,870,000 June July August September October. . . November December. Note.— Deduced by adding discharges of Pend d'Oreille and Columbia at Trail. BRITISH roiA MBIA HY DUOC h'AI'lI Ic .<:/ /.M/.V 363 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f INDEX. Acknowledgments 10 Adams River, Hydrographic dat:i ,..-.,.... 163 Agriculture, Coast Division 14 Agricultural Lands and Irrigation, Kamioops Division 31 Akolkolex River (near Wigwam), Hydrographic data . > . . . 295 Area of Kamioops Division 29 Area and Drainage of Kootenay Boundary Div-ision 41 Arlington mine (Erie) 45 Barnes Creek, Hydrographic data 166 Barriere River, City of Kamioops Plant on, 33 Beaver River (at Six Mile Creek) H>-drographic data 300 Belknap Creek, Hydrographic data 53 " (below Ann Lake) Hydrographic data 147 Blaeberry River, Hydrographic data ■ . 303 Bluebell mine (Riondell) 45 Bolean Creek, Hydrographic data : •. . . 189 Bonaparte River (near Ashcroft ), Hydrographic data ' 172 Boulder Creek, Hydrographic data • 58 Brandt Creek (at mouth \ Hydrographic data i- - -60 " (above Young Creek), Hydrographic data 65 Columbia River at International Boundarj- i 361 Bridge River, Hydrographic ."^urvey 148 Bridge River, Undeveloped Power Site 23 Bugaboo Creek, Hydrographic data 305 Campbell Creek, Hydrographic data • 177 Capilano Creek, Hydrographic data ^ -. . 150 Centre Star mine (Rossland) 45 Cheakamus River, Hydrographic data 151 Chehalis River, Hydrographic data .68 " Undeveloped Power Site .23 Cherry Creek, Hydrographic data 179 Chilliwak River, Hydrographic data = 72 " L'ndeveloped Power Site 23 Climate, of Coast Division 14 " Kamioops Division • . • . 29 " Kootenay Boundary Division 41 Coal and Coke, Tables of Production of Metals in Kootenay Boundary Division ' 43 Coast Division: Agriculture 14 Irrigation 15 Reclamation 16 Climate of, ^ 14 Conclusion of Report of , '■ 26 Fishing 18 Industrial Waste 19 Sewage Disposal 19 H \drographic data of, 53 Lumbering 16 .Manufacturing '. 21 Metering StationB, List of Miscellaneous 7 " " Regular , ■■■ 5 " Hydrographic data of Miscellaneous 147 " " Regular 53 Minin': 21 .Municipal Water Supply 25 Power Sites , Developed fOutside the Railway Belt ) 22 Jordan River 22 Powell River 23 Puntledge River 22 Power SitP,s, Undeveloped, (in territory already covered, not including Vancouver Island and other parts of Coast Division) ". 23 Bridge River 23 Chehalis River 23 Chilliwak River 2.3 Coquihalla River 23 Green River 24 •Jones Creek 24 Mesliloet River and Tributaries 24 North I.illooet River ■ 24 Rainbow Creek 24 Raven (Rushton) Creek 24 Silver Creek (near Hope) 2.t (tributary of Pitt River) 2.i Slollicum Creek 2.5 South Lillooet River 2.5 Report of, 51 Suggested Subdivisioa's ■* Transportation 1" 364 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 PAGE. Coast Division — Continued. Water Power, 22 Coquitlam River 22 Gilley Creek 22 Plant and Stream investigation within the Railway Belt 22 Stave River 22 Coke, in the Kootenay Boundary Division Tables of production of Metals, Coal, and 43 Coldwater River, (at Merritt) Hydtographic data 183 Columbia River (near Ca5"tlegar)Hyarographic data 314 " " Golden), " " 308 " " Revelstoke), " " 311 " Trail), " " 317 Coquihalla River, Hy drographic data 76 " Undeveloped Power Site 23 Coquitlam River, Hydrogjaphic data 79 " Water Power 22 Criss Creek, Hydrographic data 185 Deadman River(near Savona), Hydrographic data 188 " fWalhachin Flume), Hydrographic data 192 Definitions of Terms? Coast 8 Kamloops 8 Kootenay Boundary 8 Domestic and Muni'>ipal Utilization of Water in Kootenay Boundary Division 47 Drainages, Areas and, of Kootenay Boundary Division 41 Dundee mine ( Ymir) 45 Eagle River (at Malakwa), Hydrographic data 194 Enterprise mine (Slocan) 44 Essell Cieek (near Adelphi), Hydrographic data 197 " near Grand Prairie 198 Equivalents, Convenient .' 9 Eraser River, Coast Division, Hydrographic data 81 " (near Lj^ton), Kamloops Division, H3'drographif data 199 Fishing, Coast Division ". 18 Gilley Creek, Water Power 22 Gold Creek, Hydrographic data 90 Granby Co., mine (Phoenix) 44 Granite-Poorman mine (Nelson) 45 Green River, Undeveloped Power Site 24 " (at Nairn Falls) Hydrographic data 152 " at Green Lake I53 Greenstone Creek, Hydrographic data 203 Guichon Creek (above Mamit Lake) 205 Hat Creek, (at Hat Creek Ranch) Hydrographic data 207 " (Hammond's diversion) Hydrographic data 213 " (Upper Station) Hydrographic data 209 Hefiferly Creek (below Hefterly Lake) Hydrographic data 218 Hefferly Creek (Lower Station) Hydrographic data . . 215 Hewitt mine (Silverton) 44 Highland mine (Ainsworth) 45 Hiion Creek, Hydrographic data 93 " (above Belknap Creek) Hydrographic data 154 Horsethief Creek, Hydrographic data 320 Hydro-Electric Developments in Kootenay Boundary Division 47 Hydrographic Data: Coast Division 53 Regular Metering Stations 5 Miscellaneous Metering Stations 147 Kamloops Division 29 Regular Metering Stations 163 Miscellaneous Metering Stations 291 Kootenay Boundary Division 295 Regular Metering Stations 295 Miscellaneous Metering Stations 36f Idaho-Alamo mine (Three Forks) 44 Illecillewaet River (near Revelstoke, B.C.), Hydrographic data 322 " " (at Glacier), Hj'drographic data 325 Industrial Waste, Coast Division 19 Ingram Creek (near Adelphi), Hydrographic data 222 Ingram Creek near Grand Prairie 223 Intomappleux River 360 Irrigation, Coast Division 15 " Kamloops Division Agricultural lands and, 31 " Lands, Kootenay Boundary Division 46 Ivanhoe mine (Sandon) 44 Jacko Creek, Hydrographic data 224 Jamieson Creek, Hydrographic data. 226 Jones Creek, Hydrographic data 98 Jones Creek, Undeveloped Power Site 24 Jordan River, Developed Power Site 22 Kamloops, Plant on Barriere River, City of 33 Kamloops Division 29 Agricultural Lands and Irrigation 31 Area of 29 Climate of 29 Hydrographic data 161 Miscellaneous Metering Stations 291 Regular Metering Stations 163 Lumbering and Utilization of Water 31 BRITISH COLUMBIA HYDROGRAPHIC SURTET SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f 365 PAGE. Kamloops Division — Continued. Metering Stations: List of Miscellaneous 291 " Regular 6 Hydrographdc data. Miscellaneous 291 Regular 163 Mining 30 Municipal Water Supply 33 Natural Resources 30 Report of 161 Suggested subdivisions 4 Water Power Developments 33 City of Kamloops Plant ■ 33 Future developments 34 Other small developments 34 Kicking Horse River (near Field) , Hvdrographic data 332 ( " Golden. 1 " 329 (" No. 2 tunnel), " 336 Kcotenay River at Glade 339 Kootenay Boundary Division 41 Area and Drainai;es 41 Climatic Condition-S • ' 41 General 41 General Characteristics ■ 49 Hydrograohic data 295 Miscellaneous Metering Stations - 360 Regular Metering Stations '. 295 Metering Stations, List of Miscellaneous : 7 " " " Regular 7 Report of 39 Run-off 42 Suggested SubdLi\nsions ^ Tables of Metals, Coal and Coke productions in the *^ Utilization of Water 4| Domestic and Municipal : ^7 Hydro-electric developments j^ Hydrographic data 2^ Irrigation Lands *° Mining ^^ Resume of proposed work for 1914 *2 Timber 4° Last Chance mine (Sandon) '■ j* Le Roi mine (Rossland) • J^ " No. 2 mine (Rossland) *^ " No. 2 concentrate mine (Rossland) *2 Lilloet River, Hydrographic data J^ Louis Creek, " 2^» Lumbering, Coast Division ^? " Kamloops Division |i Ljnn Creek, Hydrographic data ^Js Maestro mine (Ainsworth! *? Manufacturing, Coast division fl Mesliloet River, Hydrographic data ^X? L'ndeveloped Power Site ^o Metals, in Kootenay Boundary Division, *5 Tables of production of • • • ■ ^ Metering Stations, List of Miscellaneous .i Metering Stations, Regular ■ '^ Metering Stations, Miscellaneous. Hydrographic data. ..- Coast Division ^i' Kamloops Division ,xi Kootenay Boundary Division *"'" Metering Stations, Regular. Hydrographic data. ,, Coast Division ,^Y Kamloops Division ^jl Kootenay Boundary Division. . . : ^"5 Methods of Stream Measurements, General ." Mines, Production and power utilized in Kootenay Boundary, Division in **" Mining. „. Coast Division ii Kamloops Division ^^ Kootenay Boundary Division it Molly Gibson mine fXelson) 2? Monarch Mine (Field) • jl Monitor Ajax mine (Roseberry) „55 Monte Creek (above Bostock's diversion) .Hydrogaphic data *r2 " (below .Summit Lake) Hydrographic data ^x2 " (diversion to Summit Lake) Hydrographic data • ^V. Motherlode mine (Deadwood) ii (Sheep Creek) • • • •; *" Municipal Water Supply. ,„ Coast Divi.sion ; • f 5 Kamloops Division • '• ; • «» Municipal, Kootenay Boundary Division, Domestic and use of water. "^ Nature and extent oi work ■ ,00 Nahatlatch River (I^ower). Hydrographic data 52? (Upper). " ^^ Natural Resources of Kamloops Division 366 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 5 GEORGE v., A. 1915 Nicola River (at Merritt) Hydrographic data " (at mouth) " , Niskonlith Creek (near Shuswap), Hydrographic data No. 1 mine ( Ainsworth . ) . No 2 Creek, Hydrographic data Noble Five mine (Sandon) North Lillooet River, Undeveloped Power Site Hydrographic data North Thompson River " Norton Creek, Hydrographic data Nugget mine (Sheep Creek) < )rganization Ottertail River, Hydrographic data . . . Outline of work for next year Paul Creek (below Paul Lake), Hydrographic data " (below Pinantan Lake), Hydrographic data Payne mine (Sandon) Pend d'Oreille River, Hydrographic data Plants on Streams investigated within the Railway Belt Powell River, Water Power Power sites, outside the Railway Belt, Developed , Power sites, in territory already covered, Undeveloped Puntledge River, Water Power Queen Victoria mine fNelson) Railway Belt, Plants on Streams investigated within the Railway Belt, Developed power sites on streams outside the Rainbow Creek, Hydrographic data " Undeveloped power site , Raven (Rushton) Creek, Hydrographic data " " " Undeveloped power site Rawhide mine (Phoenix) Reclamation, Coast Division Report of Coast Division , " " " Hydrographic data " Kamloops Division, " " " Hydrographic data " Kootenay Boundary Division " " " " Hydrographic data Run-off, Kootenay Boundary Division Rushton (Raven) Creek, Hydrographic data " " " Undeveloped Power site Ruth mine (Sandon) Scottie Creek, Hydrographic data Second Relief Mill mine (Salmo) Sewage disposal , Coast Division Seymour Creek, Hydrographic data Shuswap River " " " (at Coteau Falls) Hydrographic data Silver Creek (Hope) Hydrographic data " " Undeveloped power site " (Pitt) Hydrographic data " " I^ndeveloped power site Silver Hoard mine (Ainsworth) Silver King mine (Nelson) Slocan River, Hydrographic data Slocan Star mine (Sandon) Slollicum Creek, Hydrographic data " " Undeveloped power site Smelters, Tons treated, power used in Kootenay Boundary Division in. South Lillooet River, Hydrographic data " " Undeveloped power site Soillimishesn River, Hydrographic data Soius Creek, Hydrographic data Staff. Standard mine (Silverton) Stave River, Hydrographic data " Water Power ; Stein Creek, Hydrogranhic flata Streams invest igaed within the Railway Belt, Plants on Sullivan mine (Kimberly) Table of Metals, coal and coke production in Kootenay Boundary Division Terms, Definitions of Thomp.son River (at Spence's Bridge). Hydrographic data " " (at Kaiiil(M>ps), H.\drographic data " " (Northi, llydrogniphic data " " (near C'lui.si'), Hydrographic data Timber, Kootenay Boundary Division Toby Creek, Hydrographic data Tranquille River, Hydrographic data Transportation, Coast Division Undeveloped power sites in territory already covered not including Vancouver Island and other parts of Coast Div'n Utica mine (Kaslo) l^tilization of Water in Kamloops Division Lumbering and Utilization of Water, Kootenay Boundary Division Van Roi mine, (Silverton) *. .'. ., Waste, Coast Division Industrial , Water Power, Coast Division Developed power sites on streams outside Railway Belt .- ..'. TMants on Streams investigated within Railway Belt '. Undeveloped Power sites in territory already covered Water Power, Kamloops Division P.\GE. 246 249 253 45 .343 44 24 110 282 113 45 3 346 8 255 257 44 349 22 23 22 23 22 118 24 122 24 44 16 51 53 161 163 293 295 42 122 24 44 264 45 56 151 259 262 127 25 131 25 45 45 352 44 1.59 25 46 135 25 353 267 3 44 138 22 271 9 273 279 282 2S5 46 356 288 19 23 45 31 43 44 19 22 22 22 23 33 BRITISH con MBIA HYDROGRAPIllC 81RTEY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 25f Water Power developnnnts in connection with mines in Kootenay Boundary Division East Kootena.\- Boundary West Kootenay Slocan district Rossland district Nelson district Ainsworth district Whitewater mine (Whit ewater) Wonderful mine (Sandon ' Yankee Girl mine ( Ymir) Ymir-Wilcox mine (,Ymir) Young Creek, Hydrographic data Y'oho River, Hydrographic data 367 Page. 44 44 44 44 44 45 4S 45 45 44 45 44 143 353 0 i I