Publications ^O SESSlONxiL PAPERS VOLUJSIE 17 SECOND SESSION OF THE ELEVENTH PARLIAMENT DOMINION OF CANADA SESSION 1910 VOLUME XLIV 1091712 9-10 Edw. Vn. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 See also Numerical List, Page 5. ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO THE SESSIONAL PAPERS OF THE PARLIAME.M OF CANADA ^^ SECOND SESSION, ELEVENTH PARLFAMENT, 1910. A Adulteration of Food 14 Agriculture, Annual Report 15 Alberta Lands 70 Alcoholism, International Congress on.. .56 Alward, H. F., Report of 153 Annuities Act '. 65 Application for Patent.. 118 Armouries and Drill Halls 156. 15Ga Arthabaska Gazette 101 Astronomer, Chief Report of 25a Atlantic Fisheries 96 Auditor General, Annual Report 1 B Banks, Chartered.. 6 Banks Suspended 12S Banks, Unpaid Balances in 7 Beauharnois Canal 150 Becber, C. U. T IBfi Black Foot Reserve 140 Bonds and Securities 46 Bow River Collieries 152 British Canadian Loan and Investment Co, 119 British Columbia; — Dominion Lands 49 Lighthouses 73 3340—1 C Canadian Northern Railway 108 Canadian Pacific Railway :— Business with Interior Department. 58 Lands sold by 58a Canal Statistics 20u Carson, R 126 Causeway, Caribou, N.S 1-59 Central Park Post Office 147 Charleston Post Office 115 Chartered Banks 6 Charters Granted 120 Cirkle, Fritz 171 Civil Service:- Commissioner's Annual Report.. .. .11 Employees' Salaries 183 Insurance 39 List 30 Superannuations 41 I Temporary employees 164 I Clear Lake, Manitoba 139 ' Coal Fields, Nova Scotia 36a Coinage, Canadian 12" Combines and Monopolies ISO Commissions Appointed 182, 182ii Conference, Imperial Defence 29a Coulter. Robert M., Report of 43 Criminal Statistics 17 9-10 Edw. YII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 C Cruipei'.s, Purchase of 146, 146a Cumberland Coal and Railway Co 141, 141t Customs Department, Annual Report.. 11 D Dai/y Telegraph Publication Co 124 Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner. 15a Dividends Unpaid in Banks 7 Dog-Fish Reduction 81-96 Dominion Coal Company 141,141a Dominion Fisheries Commission 90, 90a Dominion Lands '48, 49, -52 Dominion Police 6" Dredges Owned by Government 114 Drill Halls 156, 156a Dunn, John A "8 E Elections, House of Commons 18, 18a Electrical Power 1''*' Electric Light, Inspection of 13 Elliott Bros 126 English Mails l''^ Estimates 3 to 5c Excise Revenue 12 Exhibitions, Foreign 136 Experimental Farms 16 Explosives, Accidents from 93 External Affairs, Report 29b r Fisheries, Annual Report 22 Food Fishes 105 Forest Reserve Act 50 Free Mail Delivery 102, 102a French Treaty ** G Gardiner, Wm. Reid 175 Gas, Inspection of 13 Gas, Pintsch and Acetylene 87 Geographic Board 21a Geological Survey Report 26 Georgian Bay Ship Canal 181 Germany, Trade with lOy, lOh Goby, Mrs 53 Government Annuities Act 65 Governor General's Warrants 38 Grain, Shipment of 77 Grand Trunk Pacific Employees 154 Guns sent to Esquimalt 116 H Harbour Commissioners 23 '* Hestia ", Wreck of the 83, 83a High Commissioner, Report of 25c Homestead Entries 137 2 H House of Commons: — By-Elections 18, 18a Internal Economy 45 Names of Members 69 Organization of Staff 169 Reduction of Representation 100 Sessional employees 149 Speaker Blanchet 92 Hudson Bay Railway Surveys 20rf Itydro-EIectric Power Commission.. .. 170 Hydrographio Survey 133 Immigrants at Grosse Isle 80fc Immigrants at Quebec 79, 80 to 81i Immigrants, Inspection 80/ Immigration Agents 86, 86a Immigrations Regulations 59 Imperial Conference Secretariat 168 Imperial Naval Defence 29a Incubators and Brooders 70 Indian Affairs, Annual Report 27 Indian Reserves 61 Indians in British Columbia 174 Inland Revenue, Annual Report 12 Insurance, Abstract 9 Insurance, Annual Report 8 Intercolonial Railway : — Derailments 98b Dismissals from 98d, 98e Passes 98/ Pay Lists and Railway Ties 98a Train, Oxford Junction and Pictou. 98c Wire Fencing 98 Interior, Annual Report 25 International Boundary Waters Treaty. 104a (1909) International Congress on Alcoholism.. 56 International Fisheries Commission.. .. 105 International Waterways Commission. 19c to 19e Intoxicants in Northwest 109 Jemmett, Captain 158 Judges, Appointment of 123 .Justice, Annual Report 34 Kelmont Post Office 115 Kwnig & Co 173 Labour Department, Annual Report. . .. 36 Lac du Bonnet Fisheries 90, 90b Lachine Canal 91 La Decharge River 180 9-10 Edw. YII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 Land Titles Act 112 Lavoie, Dr. Jos. P SOj Lethbridge, Experimental Farm 165 Lethbridge Post Office 89, 89a Library of Parliament, Annual Report. 33 List of Shipping 21b Lobster Industry 22a, 103 M .102, Mail Delirery, Free Mails, English Manitoba and Dominion Governments. . Manitoba Boundaries Manitoba Land Sale Sfarine, Annual Report Measures, Inspection of Military College Military Reserve Militia Clothing.. .. _ Militia Council, Annual Report Militia Council, Interim Report Militia General Orders Mines, Report of Department Montreal, Branch Post Offices 176, Montreal Turnpike Trust Mounted Police Mudie, Allan R If ■ 102a 148 122 122a 161 21 13 117 138 144 35 35a 54 26a 176a 84 28 68 Napanee River 63, 88 National Parks of Canada 97 National Transcontinental Railway : — Construction in New Brunswick.. 425 Contracts 42t Dominion Police Constables 42 Excavation Classification.. ..42e, 42/i, 42/ Fifth Report of Commissioners.. .. 37 Interim Report 42g Legal Services 42e Mr. Mcintosh 42d Names of Engineers 42/ Resignation of Hugh D. Lumsden.. 42a Naval and Military Defence of Empire. 29a Naval Defence Expenses.. 72 " Niobe " Cruiser 14ga North Atlantic Trading Co 85, 85a Northwest Irrigation Act 106 Nova Scotia Coal Fields 36.j Oil Lands go Old Proprietor Ledge 83,83a Ottawa Improvement Commission.. .. ,S5 Ottawa, Official Residences in 110, llOi 3340—14 P Paterson, Thomas 75 P. E. I. Projected Railways 1.30, 130o P. E. I. Winter Steamers.. 129 Pembina River 90c Penitentiaries, Annual Report 34 Petroleum Oil, Crude 13J I'iegan, Indian Reserve 74 Police, Royal Northwest Mounted. ... 28 Port Arthur Dry Dock 94a Postmaster General, Annual Report.. 24 Printing, &c.. Government 142 Public Accounts, Annual Report 2 Public Printing and Stationery 32 Public Works, Annual Report 19 Q Quarantine, Frontier Inspectors 132 Quebec Bridge 173 Quebec Immigration Office 79, 80 to 80m Quebec Rock City Tobacco Co 163 R Railway Commissioners, Report of. . . . 20c Railway Commissioners, Vacancy among 99 Railway Crossings 60 Railways and Canals, Annual Report 20 Railway Statistics 206 "Rainbow" Cruiser 146 River des Prairies 107, 107a Rocky Mountain Park 51 Royal Northwest Mounted Police. ... 28 S Sale of Land in Manitoba ig] Salmon River, N.S 82 Saskatchewan Lands 7g Saskatchewan River ]67 Saskatchewan Supreme Court 145 Sault Ste. Marie Dry-dock 94 Sault Ste. Marie Lock 157 Sauve, Angus 104 School Lands ijj Seal Cove 83, 83o Secretary of State, Annual Report.. .. 29 Section 29, Township 9 g7 Shareholders in Chartered Banks.. .. 6 Shipping, List of 216 Sibbald, J. F 75 Skinner's Cove 155 Soldi Publication Co 124 Southern Alberta Land Co 95 Spawn at Snake Island 7] Statutes Distributed 184 Steamboat Inspection 23a Steam Vessels, Government 113 St. John River 17» .1 ■D-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 U St. Peter's Indian Reserve 78 to 78/ Unclaimed Balances in Banks 7 Subsidized Steamships lOe Unforeseen Expenses 40 Sullivan and Langdon U3 i United States Fishing Vessels 64 Surveyor General. Report of 25b i United States, Trade with lOi Tariff Relations with United States.. .. lOj Terminal Elevators 162, 172, 172o Toney River 155„ Topographical Survey 2.ib Trade and Commerce 10 Trade and Navigation 11 Trade Unions 47 Transcontinental Ey. Commissioners. .37, 42fl Treaties and Conventions 10/ Trent Canal 153 Trusts and Mergers 160 Tunnel, Prince Edward Island, ?i! Vigie Publication Co 124 W Wakeham, Commander, Report of.. .. 103 Walton, Geo 151 Warwick, Thos. G 68 Weights, Measures, &c 13 Wharves, Various 134, 135 Whig Publishing Co 121, 121u Windygates Post Office 177 Winnipeg Post Office 178, 178a Wrecking Plant 125 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 See also Alphabetical Ijist, Page 1. LIST OF SESSIONAL PAPERS Arranged'in Numerical Order, with their titles at full length; the dates when Ordered and when 'Presented to the Houses of Parliament; the Names of the Senator or Meniber who moved for each Sessional Paper, and whether it is ordered to he Printed or Not Printed. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 1. (This volume is bound in two parts.) 1. Report of the Auditor General for the year ended 31st March, 1909. Volume I, Parts A. C to .1 (inclusive) L, M, N; Volume III, Parts V, W, X, Y. Presented 12th Novem- ber, 1909, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Volume II, Ports B, K and 0 to TJ, (inclusive), presented 12th January, 1910, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for both distrihution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2. 2. Public Accounts of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Pnsented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. AV. S. Fielding. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 3. Estimates of the sums required for the services of Canada for the year ending on tlie 31st March, 1911. Presented 18th November. 1909, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for bnth distribution and sessional papers. 4. Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of Canada, for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1910. Presented 24th Nevember, 1909, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for both distributimi and sissionaj papers. 5. Further Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of Canada, for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1910. Presented 14th March, 1910, by Hon W. S. Field- ing. Printed for )>oth distribution and sessional papers. So. Supplementary Estimates of sums required for the service of Canada for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented 3rd February, 1910, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5b. Further Supplementary Estimates of the sums required for the service of Canada, for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1911. Presented 30th April, 1910, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 5c. Further Supplementary Estimates of the sums required for the service of Canada, for the fiscal year ending 31st March, 1910. Presented 20th April, 1910, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for both distribution and sessional papertK 5 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 2— Continued. 6. List of Shareholders in the Chartered Banks of Canada, as on the 31st December, 1909. Presented 21st March, 1910, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 3. 7. Eeport of dividends remaining unpaid, unclaimed balances and unpaid drafts and bills of exchange in Chartered Banks of Canada, for five years and upwards, prior to 31-it X)ecember, 1909. Printed for both distribution and ses.-iional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 4. 8. Report of the Superintendent of Insurance for the year ended 31st December, 1909. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 9. Abstract of Statements of Insurance Companies in Canada, for the year ended 31-it December, 1909. Printed for both distribution and sessiotial papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 5. 10. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Part I.— Canadian Trade. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. W.S.Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. lOa. Eeport of the Department of Trade and Commerce. Part II.— Canadian Trade with France, Germany, United Kingdom and United States. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Pri?ited for both distribution and sessional papers. 10b. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Part III. -Canadian Trade with foreign countries except France, Germany, United Kingdom and United States. Presented 29th November, 1909, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6. lOe. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Part IV.— Canadian Trade; Miscellaneous. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. lOd. Eeport of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Part V. — Grain Statistics, including the crop year ended 31st August, 1909, and season of navigation ended 10th December, 1909. Presented 18th March, 1910, by Hon. W.S.Fielding Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. lOe. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Part VI. — Subsidized Steamship Services, with statistics showing steamship traffic to 31st December, 1909, and estimates for fiscal year 1910-1911. Presented 3rd May, 1910, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. .Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. lOf. Report of the Department of Trade and Commerce for the fiscal year ended 31st Marcli, 1909. Part VII. — Trade of Foreign Countries and Treaties and Conventions. Presented 25th April, 1910, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 6 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 6— Continued. lOg. Certified copy of a Keport of the Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Excellency the Governor General on the 14th February, 1910, in respect to trade rela- tions with Germany. Presented 15th February, 1910, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Pi-inted for sessional papers. lOh. Trade relations with Germaney.— No. 2. Presented 2nd March, 1910, by Hon. W. S. Fielding PritUed for sessional papers. lOi. Correspondence respecting negotiations between the United States and the Dominion of Canada relative to trade relations. Presented 27th April, 1910, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for sessional papers. lOj. Tariff relations between the United States and the Dominion of Canada. Presented 3rd May, 1910, by Sir Richard Cartwright. Printed for sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 7. 11. Report of the Department of Customs, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Pre- sented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. Wm. Paterson. Printed for both distribution and sessional paper.t. 12. Inland Revenues of Canada. Excise, &c., for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. W. Templeman. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 8. 13. Inspection of Weights, Measures, Gas and Elictric Light, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. W. Templeman. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 14. Report on Adulteration of Food, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. W. Templeman. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 15. Report of the Minister of Agriculture, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. S. A. Fisher. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 15a. Keport of the Dairy and Cold Storage Commissioner, for the year ending 31st March, 1909 Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 9. 16. Report of the Directors and Officers of the E.xperimental Farms, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. S. A. Fisher. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 17. Criminal Statistics for the year ended 30th September, 1909. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 18. Return of By-Elections (Tenth Parliament) of the House of Commons of Canada, held during the year 1908. Presented 4th February, 1910, by Hon. C. Murphy. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 18a. Return of By-Elections (Tenth Parliament) of the House of Commons of Canada, held during the year 1909. Presented 2nd March, 1910, by Hon. C. Murphy. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 7 9-10 Edw. Vn. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 10. 19. Report of the Minister of Public Works, for the fiscal year ended 31st ilarcli, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. W. Pugsley. Printed for both distribution and scssi'iual pnjjCis. 19a. (No issue.) 19b. (No issue.) 19c. Supplementary Report of the International Waterways Commission, 1909. Preseutid 19th November, 1909, by Hon. W. Pugsley. Printed for botli distribution and sessional papers. 19d. Report of the International Waterways Commission on proposed dam and regulation work at foot of Lake Erie, and appendices accompanying said report. Presented 17th February, 1910, by Hon. AV. Pugsley Notpjinted. 19e. Additional correspondence, International Waterways Ti-eaty, and Report on division of Waters of St. Mary and Milk River. Presented 4th April, 1910, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 20. Report of the Department of Railways and Canals, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. G. P. Graham. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 11. 20a. Canal Statistics for the season of navigation, 1909. Presented 21st March, 1910, by Hon. G. P. Graham Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 20b. Railway Statistics of Canada, for the year ended 30th June, 1909. Presented 12th January, 1010, by Hon. G. P. Graham. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 20c. Fourth Report of the Board of Railway Commissioners for Canada, to 31st Marcli, 1908, for the year ending 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. G. P. Graham Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 20d. Report of the Hudson Bay Railway Surveys. Presented 13th December, 1909, by Hon. G. P. Graham Printed for both distribution and sessional papei-s. 21. Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries (Marine) for 190S. Presented 15th November, 1909, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 12. 21a. Eighth Report of the Geographic Board of Canada, containing all decisions to June 30, 1909. Presented 25th November, 1909, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur. Printed for both distribution ayid sessional papers. 21b. List of Shipping issued by the Department of Marine and Fisheries, being a list of vessels on the registry books of Canada on the 31st December, 1909. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 22. Report of the Deiartment of Marine and Fisheries (Fisheries) for 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. S. A. Fisher. Printed for both distribution and sessional papery. 8 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 13. 22a. Lobster Fishery. Evidence taken bi^ford Commander William Wakeham, M.D., (Officer in charge of the Gulf Fisheries Division) in Quebec and the Maritime Pro- vinces. Two volumes. Presented 11th March, 1910, by Hon. W. Templeman. Also copy of the Report of Commander Wakeham in relation thereto. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 14. 23. Report of the Harbour Commissioners, &c., to 31st December, 1908. Presented 13th January, 1910, by Hon. R. ZiemieViX... Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 23a. Report of the Chairman of the Board of Steamboat Inspection, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. S. A. Fisher. Printed for both distribtition and sessional papers. 24. Report of the Postmaster General, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th Kovember, 1909, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 15. 25. Report of the Department of the Interior, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1939. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. F. Oliver. Printed for both distribution atid sessional papers. 25a. Report of the Chief Astronomer. Printed tor both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 16. 25b. Annual Report of the Topographical Surveys Branch. Printed for both distribution and sesiicnul papers. 25c. Report of the High Commissioner for Canada, for the year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by. Hon. F. Oliver. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 26. Summary Report of the Geological Survey Branch of the Department of Mines, for the calendar year 1909. Printed for botli distribution and sessional papers. 26a. Summary Report of the Mines Branch of the Department of Mines. Printed for both distribution and seaional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 17. 27. Report of the Department of Indian AfTairs, for the fiscal year ended Slst March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. F. Oliver. Printed for both dislributioti and sessional papers. 28. Report of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, 1909. Presented 12th January, 1910, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 0 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 18. 29. Report of the Secretary of State of Canada for the year ended March 31, 1909. Pre- sented 25th Norember, 1909, by Hon. C. Murphy. Printed for bot)i distribution and sessional papers. 29a. Report of the Imperial Conference with representatives of the self-governing Domi- nions on the Naval and Military Defence of the Empire, 1909. Presented 17th Novem- ber, 1909, by Sir Frederick Borden. Also with additional papers relating to Australia and New Zealand, presented 10th December, 1909, by Hon. L. P. Brodeur. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 29b. Report of the Department of External Affairs, 1909. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 30. Civil Service List of Canada, 1909. Presented 12th January, 1910, by Hon. C. Murphy. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 31. First Annual Report of the Civil Service Commission of Canada, for the period from September 1st, 1908, to August 31, 1909. Presented 10th December, 1909, by Hon. C. Murphy. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 32. Annual Report of the Department of Public Printing and Stationery, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 18th April, 1910, by Hon. C. Murphy. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19. 33. Report of the Joint Librarians of Parliament for the year 1908-9. Presented 11th November, 1909, by the Hon. the Speaker Printed for sessional papers. 34. Report of the Minister of Justice as to Penitentiaries of Canada, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. A. B. Aylesworth. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 35. Report of the Militia Council, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 1st December, 1909, by Sir Frederick Borden. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 35n. Interim Report of the Militia Council for the Dominion of Canada on the Training of the Militia during the season of 1909. Presented 25th April, 1910, by Sir Frederick Borden Printed for distribution. 36. Report of the Department of Labour, for the fiscal year ended 31st March, 1909. Pre- sented 12th March, 1909, by Hon. L. M. King. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 36". Report of the Deputy Minister of Labour on industrial conditions in the Coal Fields of Nova Scotia. Presented 25th November, 1909, by Hon. L. M. King. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 37. Fifth Report of the Commissioners of the Transcontinental Railway, for the year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 12th November, 1909, by Hon. G. P. Graham. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 38. Statement of Governor General's Warrants issued since the last session of parliament on account of the fiscal year 1909-10. Presented 15th November, 1909, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 10 9-10 Echv. Vll. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 39. Statement iu pursuance of section 17 of the Civil Service Insurance Act, for tlie year ended 31st March, 1909. Presented 16th November, 1909, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Not prin ted. 40. Statement of expenditure on account of miscellaneous unforeseen expenses, from the 1st April, 1909, to the 10th November, 1909, in accordance with the Appropriation Act of 1909. Presented 16th Novewber, 1909, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 41. Statement of superannuation and retiring allowances in the Civil Service during the year ended 31st December, 1909, showing name, rank, salary, service, allowance and cause of retirement of each person superannuated or retired, also whether vacancy filled by promotion or by new appointment, and salary of any new appointee. Presented 16th November, 1909, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 42. Return of constables employed on the Transcontinental Railway, as required under the provisions of section 6, chapter 92, of the Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 19th November, by Hon. A. B. Aylesworth Not printed. 42u. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th November, 1909, for a copy of all riports, letters, communications and documents touching or relating to the resignation of Hugh D. Lunisden from his i>osition as Chief Engineer of the National Transcontinental Railway, including a copy of all letters, communications or reports of the said Hugh D. Lumsden to the Prime ilinister, touching or relating to his resignation, or to the affairs of the National Transcontinental Railway. Presented 23rd Novembir, 1909. — .17 r. Borden Printed jor both distribution and sessional pnpers. 42b. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 29th November, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence had between the Minister of Railways and the Transcontinent.il Railway Commission relating to the sub-letting of contracts for the construction of the Transcontinental Railway in New Brunswick ; and the failure of sub-constractors to make payment for supplies and material furnished by farmers, merchants and others for use in said work. Presented 13th December, 1909.— .Afr. Crocket.. ..Not printed. 42c. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 29th November, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence connected with and relating to the letter of the Auditor General to the Secretary of the National Transcontinental Railway Commission of the 18th ..f .Vugust, 1909, in which the Auditor General points out that C4,192 cubic yards -.f excavation, classified at an average price of 83 06 cents, were subsequently reclassified at $1.10J per cubic yard, thereby increasing the cost by the sum of $17,453.80, and asking for an explanation. Presented 13th December, 1909. — Mr. Lennox Not printed. 42d. Heturn to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th December, 1909, for a copy of all certificates, recommendations, letters, memoranda and documents in connection with the promotion of Mr. Mcintosh on the 16th of November, 1908, from the position of Division Engineer, Division No. 6, District F, to the position of Assistant District Engineer, Di~tricf F. and the increase of his salary from $200 to $275 per month: also of all complaints against the professional conduct or efficiency of Mr. Mcintosh made to the Transcontinental Railway or the Railway Department before the date of pro- motion. Presented 24th .lanuary, 1910. — Mr. Lennox Not printed. 42«>. Return to an order of tlie House of Commons, dated 29th November, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence between the following legal firms: Rothwell & Johnson, Rothwell, Johnson i Bergeman, and Rothwell, Johnson & Stubbs, on the one side, and the Gov- ernment or the Transcontinental Railway Commissioners, on the other side, as to the instructions to the solicitors for legal services rendered in pa-ssing titles of property 11 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19—Cotjtinued. acquired by the Government, and in respect to the bill of cost and charges of the said several firms; and all papers, documents, letters, telegrams and correspondence having any reference to the items of charges of said firms appearing on page W — 370 of the Auditor General's Report of 1909, amounting in the whole to $1,376.60. Presented 24th January, 1910. — Mr. Meiuhen Not printed. 42/. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th December, 1909: 1. Showing the names and addresses of the engineers who surveyed and located the line of the Eastern Division of the Transcontinental Railway, and the part of the railway covered by the work of each engineer. 2. The name and address of the engineer who prepared the estimates of quantities and prices of the section or portion of the line covered by each contract. 3. The names of the engineers acting upon behalf of the Railway Department, or Railway Commission, and the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway Company, in determining upon the form and wording of the specifications, as provided for by the seventh section of the agreement between the government and the company. 4. The names of such of the engineers acting in any of the capacities aforesaid, as subsequently acted in connection with construction, when and for how long, in what capacity, where their services have been dispensed with, and for what cause. 5. The names and addresses of all the engineers in the service of the Railway Commission, jr Railway Department, on Districts B and F of the said Eastern Division, since the commencement of the construction of the railway, the capacity in which each was employed, the salary in each case, the ijromotions, increases of salary, retirements and dismissals which have taken place, the cause for promotion, dismissal or retire- ment in each case, and a copy of all complaints lodged with the commissioners or their chief engineer or the department, against any of these engineers. 6. The names of the engineers now in charge of or engaged upon District B and F, and the otHcial position and salary of each. Presented 3rd February, 1910. — Mr. Lennox Not printed. 42g. Interim Report of the Commissioners of the Transcontinental Railway, being for the nine mouths ended 31st December, 1909, setting forth the receipts and expenditure 'n connection with the Eastern Division of the National Transcontinental Railway, and such other matters in relation to the said railway as appear to be of public interest. Presented 4th February, 1910, by Hon. G. P. Graham Not printed. iZh. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th February, 1910, showing all written objection to classification upon the Transcontinental Railway made since July 28th, 1908, and in reference to overbreak or other over expenditure since 2nd October, 1908. Presented 17th February, 1910.— Mr. Lennox Not printed. 42i. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 24th January, 1910, showing: (a) The names of the contractors for the construction of the National Transcontinental Railway and the number, mileage and location of the contract; (6) the estimated expenditure under each contract at the time the contract was let, based upon the engineer's estimate of quantities, at dates of the accepted tender; (c) the estimated increase or decrease in expenditure in each case occasioned by "change in location, specification, construction, material, grade or other change subsequent to the letting of the contract; (d) the amount returned and claimed on progress estimates under each contract to date, the amount actually paid under each contract, and the estimated amount yet required to complete the work in each case; (e) the engineer's estimated quantity of solid rock, loose rock and common excavation in the section of line covered by each contract, the estimated cost under these headings, based upon the rates of the accepted tender, the actual expenditure under these headings to date, as shown by progre.ss estimates, the amounts actually paid to date under these headings, and the 12 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Iiulex to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME l9—Oontiniied. estim-ated quantities of work yet to be done, and the estimated sums yet to be paid under these headings in respect of each contract. Also as to all contracts other than the twenty-one covered by the Return brought down on the 26th of April, 1909, No. 46h: a copy of (a) engineer's itemized estimate of qtjantities as to each contract of each class of work and material, as set out in the schedules and itemized, and total estimated expenditure based upon rates of accepted tender, and (d) , a copy of all tenders received; (c) itemized quantities of work and material under the various headings actually done or furnished to date, and itemized, and total expend- iture therefor; itemized statement of estimated quantities of work yet to be done and material, Ac, yet to be furnished and itemized, and total estimated cost of the same based on contract prices. Presented 17th February. 1910. — Mr. Lennox. Not printed. 42j. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 11th February, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence, submissions, references, reports, returns and orders in council, in reference to the adjustment of the disputed item of 581 cubic yards of excavation, claimed at 10 instead of $2.50 a cubic yard, referred to in a letter of the Auditor General to the Secretary of the Transcontinental Commission, dated the ISth August, 1909. Presented 21th February, 1910.— 3/r. Lennox Not printed. 43. Report of Robert M. Coulter, Deputy Postmaster General, on kis mission to .Vustralia and New Zealand to discuss with the governments of those countries the possibility if taking steps that would lead to the inauguration of a steamship service between England, Australia and New Zealand, via Canada, on the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Presented 22ud November, 1909, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier.. ..Printed for sessional papers. 44. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th November, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, documents and papers of every description not already brought down touching the recent treaty with the French Republic, or any modification therein. Presented 24th November, 1909. — Mr. Borden Not printed. 45. Minutes of proceedings of the Board of Internal Economy of the House of Commons for the past year, pursuant to Rule of the House No. 9. Presented 24th November, 1909, by the Hon. The Speaker Not printed. 46. Detailed statement of all bonds or securities registered in the Department of the Secre- tary of State of Canada, since last return (2nd February, 1909), submitted to the parliament of Canada under section 32 of chapter 19, of the Revised Statutes of Canada, 1906. Presented 25th November, 1909, by Hon. C. Murphy Not printed. 47. Return under chapter 125 (R.S.C), 1906, intituled; 'An Act respecting Trade Unions,' submitted to parliament in accordance with section 33 of the said .-Vet. Presented 25tli November, 1909, by Hon. C. Murphy Not printed. 48. Return of orders in council passed between the 1st of December, 1908 and the 31st October, 1909, in accordance with the provisions of section 5 of the Dominion Land Survey Act, chapter 21, 7-8 Edward VII. Presented 29th November, 1909, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 49. Return of orders in council which have been published in the Canada Gazette and in the British Columbia Gazette, between 1st December, 1908, and 31st October, 1909, in accordance with provisions of subsection (d) of section 38 of the regulations for the survey, administration, disposal and management of Dominion lands within the 40-mile railway belt in the province of British Columbia. Presented 29th Noveml)er, 1909, by IIuu. F. Oliver Not printed. 13 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 50. Return of orders in council passed between the 1st December, 1908, and the 31st October, 1909, in accordance with the provisions of the Forest Reserve Act, sections 7 and 13 of chapter 56, Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 29th November, 1909, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 51. Return of orders in council passed between the 1st December, 1908, and the 31st October, 1909, in accordance with the provisions of the Rocky Mountain Park Act, section 5 of chapter GO, Revised Statutes of Canada. Presented 29th November, 1909, by Hon. 1^. Oliver Not printed. 52. Return of orders in Council which have been published in the Canada Gazette, between 1st December, 1908, and 31st October, 1909, in accordance with the provisions of section 77 of the Dominion Lands Act, chapter 20 of the Statutes of Canada, 1908. Presented 29th November, 1909, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 53. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th November, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence and papers respecting the application by the United States immigration service to the Minister of the Interior, for the deportation of one Mrs. Goby, an alleged immigrant, to the United States of America from Canada^ entering at the port of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, together with a copy of all orders, decisions, reports and returns regarding any action taken thereupon by the Department of the Interior. Presented 1st December, 1909.— Mr. Boyce Not printed. 54. General orders issued to the Militia between the 1st February, 1909, and the 1st Novem- ber, 1909, inclusive. Presented 1st December, 1909, by Sir Frederirck Borden. Not printed. 55. Report of the Ottawa Improvement Commission for the fiscal year ended 3Ist March, 1909. Presented 3rd December, 1909, by Hon. W. S. Fielding. Printed for sessiotial papers. 56. Certified copy of a Report of the Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Excellency the Governor General on the 12th May, 1909, on the subject of a despatch from the Right Honourable the Principal Secretary for the Colonies, transmitting au invitation from the Honorary Secretary of the 12th International Congress on Alcohol- ism to the Government of Canada, to appoint delegates to attend the congress in ques- tion. Presented 6th December, 1909, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 57. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 22nd November, 1909, for a copy of all memorials, reports, correspondence and documents in the possession of tlic government not already brought down, relating to a survey of a route for a tunnel under the Straits of Northumberland between tlve province of Prince Edward Island and the mainland of Canada, and also relating to the construction of such tunnel. Presented 6th December, 1909.— Mr. IVarburton Not printed. 58. Return (in so far as the Department of the Interior is concerned) of copies of all orders in council, plans, papers, and correspondence which are required to be presented to the House of Commons, under a resolution passed on 20th February, 1882, since the date of the last return, under such resolution. Presented 7th December, 1909, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 58a. Return of lands sold by the Canadian Pacific Railway during the year ended on the Slst October, 1909. Presented 18th January, 1910, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 59. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 16th November, 1909, for a copy of all orders in council at present in force with reference to immigration ; also a copy of all regulations in force at the present time in connection with immigration in Canada. Presented 9th December, 1909.— Mr. Wilson (Lennox) Not printed. 14 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical ludex to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 60. Return to an order of tlie House of Commons, dated 22nd November, 1919, showing: — 1. The application made to the Railway Board for protection of railway crossings under the provisions of chapter 32 of the Statutes of 1909, an Act to amend the Railway Act, and (a) the cases in which these applications have been granted, (b) in which they have been refused, when refused, and the reason for refusal. 2. The names of the persons in each case making the application. 3. The cases in which the board of its own motion made an order for the protection of crossing under said act. 4. The appro- priation made by the board out of the Railway Grade Crossing Fund under said act, and the crossing in respect of which such appropriations were made. 5. The character or description of the crossing in question, and the character, description and cost in each case of the construction work of protection ordered or directed by the board. 6. The amount in each case ordered or directed by the board to be paid out of the said fund and by the railway company and municipality or other party to the pro- ceedings. 7. The cases in which the work ordered to be done (a) has been completed, (5) in which it is under construction, (c) the cases in which the municipality has submitted to or complied with the order of the board, and (d) cases in which the municipality has refused to comply. Presented 14th December, 1909. — Mr. Lennox. Not printed. 61. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 24th November, 1939, showing what Indian lands within the territories now covered by each of the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, have been sold yearly since 30th June, 1900 ; such informa- tion to be detailed as follows: the name of each reserve, the area sold therein yearly, the. average prices realized, and the cash paid to the Indians concerned at the time of sale, under the terms of surrender. Presented 15th D.cember, 1909. — Mr. McGrath. Not printed. 62. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 22nd November, 1909, showing the areas sold or leased as oil lands in the Northwest, giving the amount sold or leased, the date when, and the parties to whom sold or leased, and if leased, the various assignments, if any, made thereof, and the dates of the same. Presented 15th Decem- ber, 1909.— Mr. Foster Not printed. 63. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th November, 1909, showing: Copy of the contract for the dredging of the Napanee river during the summer .jf 1909; name of the contractor who had the contract; names of the engineers in charge of the work and the inspector; the depth and width of the channel after dredging; the length of time taken to complete the work; the total amount of money expended on the work: whether the work was done by day work or by the yard: and the prices paid by day or by yard. Presented 15th December. 1909.— Mr. Wilson (Lennox). Not printed. 64. Return made to parliament in accordance with chapter 47, section 4, Revised Statutes, 1906, containing copy of the orders in council for the issue of licenses to United States fishing vessels to enable them to buy bait, ice, lines, &c. during the year 1910. Pre- sented 16th December, 1909, by Hon. L. P. lirodeur Not printed. 65. Return, in pursuance of section 16 of the Government Annuities Act, 1908, containing statement of the business done during the fiscal year ending March 31st, 1P09, together with a copy of the regulations made under section 13 of the act. Presented 17th December, 1909, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Printed for sessional papers. 66. Report of the Commissioner, Dominion Police Force, for the year 1909. Presented 12th January, 1910, by Hon. A. B. Aylesworth Not printed. 15 9-10 Edw. Vn. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 67. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 29th Noyember, 1909, for a copy of all reports and correspondence in connection with section 29, township 9, range 22, west of the 4th meridian, as well as applications for railway right of way and station grounds within such land. Presented 12lli January, 1910. — Mr. McGrath..Xot printed. 68. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th December, 1909, for a copy of all papers, reports, correspondence, &c., between the Department of the Interior and its officers and agencies and any other persons, relative to the s.w. J section 24-38-10 w. 3rd m., and the respective claims of Allan R. Mudie and Thos. G. Warwick. Presented 12th January, 1910.— M)-. Lake Not printed. 69. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 15th December, 1909, showing the names of the two hundred and twenty-one members of the House of Commons, as provided for in 6-7 Edward VII., Dominion Statutes, 1907, chapter 41, section 1, excepting only such seat or seats as have fallen vacant. Presented 12th January, 1910. — Mr. White (Renfrew) Not printed. 70. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 24th November, 1909, showing tlie total number of incubators and brooders, respectively, imported into Canada from the United States during the fiscal year ending Marc!) 31st, 1909, and the total cost of each. Presented 13th January, 1910.— -If r. M'hite (Renfrew) Not printed. 71. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 22nd November, 1909, for a copy of all letters, telegrams, applications, contracts and correspondence with regard to the taking of spawn for the fish hatchery at Snake Island, Winnipegosis, for the years 1907, 1908 and 1909. Presented 13th January, 1910.— Jir. Campbell Not printed. 72. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated loth December, 1909, showing a list of all exports, technical advisers, and special officers generally, engaged by the government in connection with the naval defence programme and its execution, giving names, special qualifications, duration of engagement and rate of remuneration, as well as the total amount expended to date under the above; also amounts expended to (late for articles, books, instruments and objects of all kinds in connection with said naval defence programme. Presented 13th January, 1910.— i1/r. Monk. Printed for sessional papers. 73. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 29th November, 1909, showing the number of lighthouses in British Columbia, the salaries of the lightkeepers at the end of the financial year 1907-190.S; what the salaries are to-day; why some salaries have been reduced and when such reduction took place. Presented 13th January, 1910. — Mr. Smith (Nanaimo) Not printed. 74. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 18th November, 1909, for a copy of all orders in council, correspondence, documents and papers of every description relating to the proposed sale or disposal of any part of the Peigan Indian Reserve in the province of Alberta, including any advertisement of such sale and record of the proceedings, whether by vote or otherwise, under which any of the Indians on said reserve purported to give their consent thereto. Also a return showing tlie actual number of Indians on said reserve entitled to vote or elect in respect of such proposed sale, and all other information in the possession of the department or its officials relating to or in any way referring to the proceedings in connection with such proposed sale. Presented 13th January, 1910.— Mr. Herron Not printed. 16 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Judex to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 75. Return to an order of the House of Coramons, dated 17th December, 1909, for a copy "f all papers, reports, correspondence, i'C, between the Department of the Interior, and its officers and agencies, and any other i)erson, relative to the s.w. J section 16-30 9, w. 3rd m., and the respective claims thereto of Thomas Paterson and J. F. Sibbald. Presented 13th January, I910.--Mr. Lake Not printed. 76. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2tth November, 1909, showing approximately the amount of revenue collected by the government between the 1st January, 1908, and the 1st November, 1909, in the province of Alberta and Saskatchewan, respectively, on account of payments for coal lands, coal royalties, bonuses and rental on timber lands, timber dues, hay lands, grazing lands, irrigation areas, school lands, minerals, water powers, stone quarrying lands, Indian lands, or on account of any natural resources within each of the above provinces. Presented 13th January, 1910. — Mr. McCarthy Not printed. 77. Retiirn to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th December, 1909, for a copy of all documents and papers relating to the western shipment of grain. Presented 13th January, 1910. — Mr. Taylor (Leeds) %. Not printed. 78. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 24th November, 1909, for a copy of all letters, correspondence and complaints, or other papers, from Indians or others regarding the manner in which the St. Peter's Indians have been treated relating to lands allotted to them by the government in consideration of the surrender of St. Peter's Reserve. Presented 13th January, 1910. — Mr. Bradbury Not printed. 78(1. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th December, 19C9, for a copy of all instructions to J. O. Lewis, Indian Agent at Selkirk, regarding the delivery of patents to Indians entitled to same, in connection with the surrender of St. Peter's Reserve. Presented 13th January, 1910. — Mr. Bradbury Not printed. 78(j. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th December, 1909, showing all moneys paid by the government in connection with the surrender of St. Peter's Reserve, to whom paid, and for what; also all moneys paid in connection with the moving of the Indians to the new reserve on Lake Winnipeg, to whom paid, and for what. Presented 13ih January, 1910. — Mr. Bradbury Not printed. 78e. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 29th November, 19G9, for a copy of all instructions sent to the Indian Agent at Selkirk, in connection with St. Peter's Indians pledging or disposing of their holdings, secured through the surrender of their reserve; a statement showing all those entitled to receive patents for lands in con- nection with the surrender of the reserve, the applications made by those so entitled for their patents, and receipts signed for the patents by those so entitled on delivery of the patent. Presented 13th January, 1910.— .Wr. Bradbury Not printed. 7Sd. Copy of papers relating to St. Peter's Indian Reserve, comprising letters of instruc- tions and commission to Mr. H. M. Howell, Report of H. M. Howell, and advertisement in connection with auction sale of lands. Presented 27tt January, 1910, by Hon. F. Oliver Not printed. 78.' Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th January, 1910, for a copy of all accounts of George Tracy, of Selkirk, against Indians of St. Peter's Reserve. Manitoba, now on file in the Department of Indian Affairs here, and of all corres- pondence in the department in relation therto. Presented 31st January, 1910.— J/r. ^'■'"'^'"•J' '.Not printed. 3340—2 17 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 78/. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated Uth February, 1910, for a copy of all papers and instructions given to A. S. Williams, Law Clerk of the Department of Indian Affairs, and to S. Swinford, Inspector of Indians, Winnipeg, in connection ■nith their work among the St. Peter's Indians in Manitoba; also a copy of the report of these gentlemen in connection with the work they have been engaged in during the last few weeks among the St. Peter's Indians. Presented ith April, 1910.— Mr. Bradbury. Not printed. 79. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 26th November, 1909, for a copy of the several complaints which in 1908 and 1909 have been made by different parties to the Minister of the Interior or to the Superintendent of Immigration of the manner in which immi- grants are treated at Quebec. Presented 13th January, 1910 — Hon. Mr. Landry. Not printed. 80. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 2nd December, 1909, for a copy of all accounts filed during the fiscal year 1907-8 in the Department of the Interior by Sosthene Morisset, one of the clerks of the Immigration oifice at Quebec. Presented 13th January, 1910. — Eon. Mr. Landry jVof printed. 80a. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 3rd December, 1909, for a copy (1) of the medical certificate given by Doctors Page and Nadeau to justify the order for the sending back of the immigrant Otta Nittenen, in November, 1908; (2) of the corre.s- pondence on this subject exchanged between the agent of the Canadian Pacific Railway, Mr. Jules Hone, and Messrs. Lavoie and Stein of the Immigration Office at Quebec, and the Superintendent General of Immigration at Ottawa, Mr. W. D. Scott, in November and December, 1908. Presented 13th January, 1910. — Hon. Mr. Landry. Not printed. 80b. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 3rd December, 1909, for a copy of the attend- ance and pay-lists of the employees in the Immigration Office at Quebec, for the first four months of the present year. Presented 13th January, 1910. — Eon. M'r. Landry. Not printed. 80c. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 2nd December, 1909, for the Report of Deten- tions and Deportations at the port of Quebec for the month of November, 1908. Pre- sented 13th January, 1910. — Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed. 80d. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 25th January, 1910, for a copy of the atten- dance and pay-lists of the employees of the Immigration Office at Quebec, for the months of January, February, March and April of 1909. Presented 10th February, 1910.— JTon. Mr. Landry Not printed. 80e. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 12th January, 1910, for a copy of the report made in 1906 to the Department of the Interior by Mr. Blair, upon the inquiry held by him at Quebec, at. the Immigration Office, on the subject of certain complaints concerning the administration of the said office. Pre.sented 22nd February, 1910. — Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed. 80/. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1.3th December, 1909. for a copy of the correspondence e.xchanged since the 1st of January, 1908, between the medical examiners of immigrants and the Superintendent of Immigration, respecting the inspection of immigrants. Presented 23rd Martli, 1910— -I/?'. Paquet.. . .Not printed. 18 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 80g. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 10th March, 1910, for the production of all complaints made to tlie Department of the Interior against the present Immigration Agent at Quebec, and of all the correspondence exchanged on this subjert between the difierent parties in question and the department or any of its officers. Presented 6th April, 1910.— Won. Mr. Landry Not printed. SOh. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 2nd March, 1910, calling for the production .if all correspondence between the present Immigration Agent at Quebec and his superior in the Department of the Interior, on the subject of his retirement, dismissal or pro- motion of officers under his control, or of the increa.'^e or decrease of their salaries or remuneration. Presented 6th April. 1910. — lion. Mr. Landrij Not printed. SOi. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 1st February, 1910, for a copy of the accounts sent by the restaurant keeper, Jacciues Dery, to the Immigration Department, for meals furnished the employees of the Immigration Office at Quebec, from 1st January, 1S06, until 1st January, 1910, specifying separately for each employee, the date of each meal and the sum asked, and also a copy of all the accounts sent, from time to time, by the same restaurant keeper during the same period, for meals given and provisions furnished in connection with the Immigration Office at Quebec. Presented 6th April, 1910. — Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed. 80;. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 10th March, 1910, for a copy of all correspon- dence e.'ichanged between the Immigration Department and Doctor Jos. P. Lavoie, Immigration Agent at Quebec, since the appointment of the latter, with regard to the following subjects, to wit; The expense of equipping his office; the placing of the telephone, the cost and the use of that instrument; the installing of electric fans in the immigrants' eating room, and in the agent's dining room ; the changes to be made in the personnel of the Quebec office; the appointment of new employees; and every subject concerning the internal administration of his office. Presented 13th April, 1910. — Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed. SOk. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 7th .\pril, 1910, for the production of the requests or of the complaints made by the navigation companies for the past five years, on the subject of the insufficiency of the means of accommodation put at the disposal of the authorities of Grosse Isle for the benefit of the immigrants, obliged by the regu- lations to remain there. Presented 2nd May, 1910.— 7^on. Mr. Landry.. . .Not printed. 80;. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 26th April, 1910, calling for the production of a copy of the attendance list of the employees of the Immigration Office at Quebec for the month of October, 1908. Presented 4th May, 1910.— Hon. Mr. Landry. .Not printed. 80m. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 7th April, 1910, calling for the production of u copy of the attendance lists of the employees of the Immigration Office at Quebec, from the 1st April, 1909, to this day, and also for a copy of the pay-lists of the same employees during tlie same period. Presented ith May, 1910. — Hon. Mr. Landry. Not printed. 81. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 16th November, 1909, showing in relation to each dog-fish reduction plant or establishment for the reduction of dog-fisli erected by or for the government or maintained in whole or in part by the government, (a) the cost of construction, (b) the cost of maintainance for each year, (c) the location, (d) the quantity of dog-fish treated thereat in each year, and (e) the amount realized from the 'ale of ct the disposal in each year. Presented 17th January, 1910.— 3fr. Borden. Not printed. 3340— 2i 19 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphaketiciil Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 82. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th December, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, reports, documents and papers touching the matter of the salmon fishery of Salmon RiTer, Digbv county. N.S., and the fishways or passes in said river. Presented 17th January, 19W.— Mr. Jameson Not printed. 83. Return to an order of the House of Commons, d.ited 22nd November, 1909, for a copy of all reports, correspondence and other papers relating to the condition and . mainte- nance of the buoy on the Old Proprietor Ledge in the Bay of Fuudy since .January 1st, 1908; also of all reports, correspondence and other papers relating to the establishment, equipment, maintenance and operation of the life boat and life saving station at Seal Cove, in the Bay of Fuudy; also copy of all instructions issued to Captain Lugar iu connection with the inquiry into the wreck of the ss. Bestia, and of the findings and report on said inquiry. Presented 17th January, 1910. — Mr. Daniel Not printed. 83n. Supplementary Return to No. 83. Presented 14th February, 1910 Not printed. 84. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 15th December, 1909, showing: 1. The present indebtedness to the Dominion government of the Montreal Turnpike Trust (a) on capital account, (b) for arrears of interest. 2. The amount collected at each toll gate belonging to the said turnpike trust during the year ending 31st Decem- ber, 1908, and for the first six months of the year 1909. 3. The names of all parties who have commuted their tolls during each of the two above mentioned periods and the amount of the commutation money paid to the trust iu each case. 4. The amount expended on each section or road division under the control of said trust, during the year ending 31st December 1908, and the contracts given out during the said year, with the name of the contractor and the date and amount of money involved in each case; and a statement in each case also as to whether the contract was awarded after tender called through newspapers. 5. The amount paid out during the said two first above- mentioned periods at each toll gate for salaries of day and night guardians and any other expenditures at each of the toll gates maintained. 6. The names of all parties hold- ing passes for free use of the roads under control of said trust during the period above mentioned, with a statement, in each case, of the reason why the pass was so granted. 7. Tlie expenses of the said trust during each of the two periods above mentioned for rent, Balari.33 of the office, inside or outside service, giving name and remuneration of each official and amounts paid to any civil engineer employed by the trust. 8. The actual present indebtedness in detail of said trust outside of its bonds due to the government cf Canada. 9. The amounts collected by said trust during the above-mentioned periods from municipalities under special agreements made as to their share pro rata of the bonded indebtedness of the turnpike trust. 10. The names of all members of the trust elected to represent the bondholders, with date of election in each case, during said two periods. 11. The amounts paid by the trust to any of its members or officials during said -two periods, whether as travelling or personal expenses, or indemnity for atten- dance or for any other reason whatever. 12. The name of any auditor who has acted during said two periods, and the amount paid such auditor. 13. An exact statement of any amounts paid by the trust for purchase or lease of any property outside of the city of Montreal and in defraying the travelling or displacement or maintenance expenses of the trustees or their officials generally. Presented 17th January, 1910.— Mr. Monk Not printed. 85. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 29th November, 1909, for a copy of all orders in council relating to the North Atlantic Trading Company, and all correspondence between the North Atlantic Trading Company and the government, or any member or official thereof, since November 1, 1906, and up to 20th November, 1909. Presented 20th Janunry, 1910.— Mr. Wilson (Lennox) Not printed. 20 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 85a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 15th December, 1909, for a copy of petition of right of pleas offered in defence in the case of the suit of the North Atlantic Trading Company rs. the King, in the Exchequer Court, and of all corres- pondence as well as reports and petitions which led up to the government granting a fiat to the suppliant; and a copy of all letters having reference to the said claim now sued upon from the time of the final payment to the said North Atlantic Company. Tresented 20th January, 1910.— Mr. Monk Not printed. 86. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th December, 190y, for a copy of all correspondence, documents, and reports since the 1st January, 1908, between our immigration agents in Belgium and the Minister of the Interior. Presc-ntecl J air January, 1910. — Mr. Faquet Not printed. 86(1. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th November, 1909, giving the names and addresses of all immigration agents at the present time employed by the government in Great Britain, the continent of Europe, and the United States, on salary, the amount of salary paid to each, the amount of other perquisites paid to each, if any; the names and addresses of all immigration agents at the present time employed by the government in the above countries on commission, the amount of such commission, the rate of commission per immigrant, the amount of other perquisites paid to each; the names and addresses of all special immigration agents in the above countries appointed during the fiscal years 1908-9 and up to 1st November, 1909, the date of the appointment of each, the address of each at the time of his appointment, the amount of salary, commission, or other perquisites paid to each, and the length of time served by each in respect of such appointment. Presented 4th February, 1910. — Mr. Wilson (Lennox) Not printed. 87. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1st December, 19i9, showing ill casualties and accidents attended with danger or loss of human life, that have occurred in the Marine and Fisheries Department owing to the operation of pintsch and acety- lene gas as an illuminant, for each year since 1880, together with a copy of all papers and reports in connection therewith. Presented 20th January, 1910. — Mr. Foster. Not printed. 88. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th December, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, petitions, and other papers between any person or jjersons and the government, or any member thereof, or any official tliereof, with reference to the drfdging of the Napanee river. Presented 20th January, 1910. — Mr. Wilson (Lennox). Not printed. 89. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th December. 1909, for a copy of all correspondence had between the Post Office and Public AVorks Departments, together with all reports and other documents relating to the necessity of providing adequate post office accommodation in the city of Lethbridge. Presented 20th January, 1910. — Mr. Magrath Not printed. 89a. Supplementary Return to No. 89. Presented 18th February, 1910 Not printed. 90. Interim Report of the Dominion FisheritfS Commission for the investigation of the waters on Lac du Bonnet fisheries. Presented 20th January, 1910, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. 90(1. Interim Report of the Dominion Fisheries Commission for the investigation of the waters of Manitoba and the West. Presented 20th January, 1910, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Not printed. ■21 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME \%— Continued. 90b. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 22nd November, 1909, for a coijy of all letters, telegrams, applications, contracts, lease or leases and correspondence with regard to Lac du Bonnet fishing. Prest^nted 27th January, 1910.— Mr. Campbell. Not printed. 90c. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 4th February, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, orders in council, papers and documents relating to th? question of fisheries in the Pembina river, in the province of Manitoba, and of regulations or agreements with the United States government in reference to the rivers running from one country into the other. Presented Utk February, 1910. — Mr. Sharpe (Lisgar). Not printed. 91. Return to an order of the House of Common.s, date I 15th Decemb?r, 1939, for a copy "f the pay sheets of the employees on the Lachine canal under the supervision of Denis O'Brien for the months of May, June. July, August, September, October and Novem- ber. Presented 24th January, 1910. — Mr. Verville Not printed. 92. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 24th January, 1910, for a copy of all instructions given during his term of office by the Honourable Speaker B!anchet, to the then sergeant-at-arms, or to other officials in connection with the appointment of sessional messengers. Presented 26th January, 1910. — Mr. Monk Not printed. 93. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th November, 1909, showing the number of fatal accidents resulting from the use of explosives in the construction if railways and other public works in Canada, reported to either the Department of Railways and Canals, the Department of Public Works, or the National Transcon- tinental Railway Commissioners, within the past three years; the nature of investig'i- tion, if held, after each accident ; and what precautions have been taken to ijrevent or minimize the number of accidents from the use of exjilosives on construction work in Canada under control of governrinent officials. Presented 26tli January, 1910. — Mr. Robb Printed for sessional papers. 94. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th November, 1909, for a copy of all applications, petitions, letters, telegrams, documents, plans, specihcations and correspondence with reference to, and in any way concerning the application for subsidy for the building of a dry-dock and ship-building yard by certain persons, or company, at or in the vicinity of the town of Sault Ste-Marie, Ontario. Presented 26th January, 1910.— Mr. Boyce Not printed. 94a. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 18th November, 1909, for a copy of all applications, petitions, letters, telegrams, documents, plans, specifications and cor- respondence with reference to and in any way concerning the appl cation for subsidy for the building of a dry-dock and ship-building yard by certain persons, or company, at or in the vicinity of tlie town of Port Arthur, Ontario. Presented 11th Marcli, 1910.— Mr. Boyce Not printed. 95. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th December, 1909, showing: 1. A description by sections, townships and ranges, with areas of all lands included in the area controlled by the Southern Alberta Land Company under agreements with the government, and the date of expiry of such agreements. 2. A description by sections, townships and ranges with areas of all lands held under grazing lease or leases or assignment of leases and now controlled by Messers. Cowdry & Maunsall, or either of them, of lands which lie between the Bow and Belly rivers, bounded on the east by range VZ and on the west by range 19, west of the fourth meridian. Presented 27th January, 1910. — Mr. McCarthy Not printed. 22 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME Id^Contiimed. 96. Return to au order of the House of Commons, dated 17tli January, 1910, showing: 1. What amount has been annually expended by the government since the year 1900 in connection with the Atlantic Fisheries of Canada, apart from sums spent in the fishery protection service and for bounty, in the respective provinces of Nova Scotia, New- Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Quebec. 2. The amount expended in each of the said provinces annually for fishery breeding purposes, dog-fish reduction plants, bait freezers, cold storage and salaries of officials, respectively. 3. What other general purposes in connection with the fisheries exi)pnditures were made in such provinces within said period. Presented 27th January, 1910.— .l/»-. Jameson Not printed. 97. Regulations of the National Parks of Canada. Presented 28th January, 1910, by Hon. F. Oliver Printed jor sessional papers. 98. Keturn to au order of the House of Commons, dated 19th January, 1910, showing all tenders called for by the Department of Railways and Canals, or the purchasing agent of the Intercolonial Railway of Ottawa, at any time during the year 1909, for wire fencing; a copy of any tenders received for such fencing, with the names of the tenderers, and the prices quoted by the said ijarties tendering for the difierent kinds of fencing ; the names of the successful tenderers, and the particular kind of fencing bought, the gauge of wire, ntimber of stands and distances apart of the brackets in uprights; the price per rod, and where the wire was manufactured. Presented 1st February, 1910. — Mr. nilcox Not printed. 98o. Return (in part) to an order of the House of Commons, dated 1st December, 1909, for a copy of all papers in connection with the alleged securing and sale or distribution of passes on the Intercolonial Railway within the last two years, and also of all papers of every kind in connection with the alleged padding of pay-lists on the Windsor Branch Railway, and the re-sale of mutilated railway ties to the government. Pre- sented 16th February, 1910— .Vr. Foster Not printed. 985. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2tth January, 1910, showing: 1. How many derailments have taken place on the Intercolonial Railway during the year 1909. 2. At what points of the railway each of these derailments took place, and at what dates. 3. The report made in each case, and the cause or causes mentioned in such report. Presented 17th February, 1910. — Mr. Talbot Not printed. 98c. Return to au order of the House of Commons, dated 7th February, 1910, sliowing: Since the beginning of the autumn train service of 1909 on the Intercolonial llaihvay, at what time the train leaves Oxford Junction every week daj- morning for Pictou is due to leave Oxford Junction and arrive at Pictou; the actual time at which the train departed each day from Oxford Junction, the actual time at which it arrived each day at Pictou ; the causes of the delay, if any ; and what efforts are being made to improve the service in respect of time. Presented 21th February, 1910.— Mr. Rhodes Not printed. 98rf. Return to an order of the Senate dated loth February, 1910, tor a statement showing in so many distinct colunms: 1. The names of all the employees of the Intercolonial Railway who have been dismissed or who have resigned since the Intercolonial Rail- way was put under the direction of the Commission of that road. 2. The respective salaries of such employees. 3. The date of their appointment. 4. The date of their dismissal. 5. The number of the division or of the section of the railway where they were employed. C. The domicile of such employees at the time of their dismissal. Presented 19th .ipril, 1910.--//o7i. Mr. Landry ..Not printed. 23 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLTJME Id— Continued. 98e. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 11)10, showing: Since the appointment of the Government Railways' Managing Board, how many employees of the Intercolonial Railway have been dismissed at Truro, at Halifax, and at Stellarton, respectively, with their respective names; at what kind of work each was employed ; on what dates, respectively, each one was dismissed ; how many of them since re-employed; on what dates, respectively, each one was re-employed; how long since such re-employment each one has remained in the service ; how many 1 1 them are still in the service, with their names and what each one is employed at. Presented 20th April 1910.— Mr. Rhodes Not -printed. 98/. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 22nd November, 1909, sliowing the number of passes issued on the Intercolonial Railway from October 1st, 1908, to October 1st, 1909, whether annual, return trip or trip, to whom issued, the authority aad upon whose recommendation the passes were issued and reasons for the issue, the several points at which these passes took effect and the destination, and also a copy of the agreement entered into by the various railways of Canada regarding the non- issuing of passes. Presented 20th April, 1910.— Mr. Stanjield Not printed. 99. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 61 h December, 1909, for a copy of all letters, communications, petitions and correspondence Avith and by the govern- ment, or any minister, with regard to the appointment of some one to fill the vacancy on the Board of Railway Commissioners, caused by the demise of the late Honourable Thos. Greeuway. Presented 1st February, 1910.— Mr. Campbell Not printed. 100. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 29th November, 1909, for a copy of all memorials, reports, correspondence and documents in the possession of the government, relating to the reduction of the representation in the House of Commons, of the several provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, and of all correspondence with the governments of these provinces with regard to the restoration to the said provinces of such representation as they respectively had at the time of their becoming provinces of this Dominion. Presented 1st February, 1910. — Mr. Warburton Printed for sessional papers. 101. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th January, 1910, for a copy of all declarations, affidavits and solemn declarations made and sent to the Post Office Department, or to the Honourable the Postmaster General, since the first day of Sep- tember, 1907, up to the fifteenth day of January, 1910, respecting the franking priv- ilege asked for the Arthabaska Gazette, with copies of the lists of pretended subscribers to that newspaper with the said declarations, affidavits and solemn decla- rations; also a copy of the report of Mr. A. Bolduc, Post Office Inspector, respecting the said Arthabaska Gazette. Presented 2nd February, 1910.— Mr. Lavergne. Not printed. 102. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 13th December, 1909, showing a list of the free mail delivery routes which have been established in Canada, including the port of departure and the place of arrival, the length of each, the number of houses on each route, and the number of boxes on each route. Presented 3rd February, 1910.— Mr. .irmstrong Printed jor sessional papers. 102a. Return to an order of the House of Commons dated 6th December, 1909, for a copy of all papers, letters, telegrams, documents and correspondence with reference to or in any way concerning the installation of free mail delivery service in the city of Sydney, N.S. Presented 17th February, 1910.— Mr. Maddin Notprinted. i'4 9-10 Edw. YII. Alphabetical liuk-x to Sessional Tapers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLTIME 19—Confimted. 103. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 3rd February, 1910, for a copy of the report of Commander Wm. Wakeham, Special Commissioner and Inspector of Fisheries for the Gulf of St. Lawrence, on the Lobster Industry of the Maritime Provinces and the province of Quebec. Presented 3rd February, 1910, by Sir Wilfrid I.aurier : See Sessional Paper No. 22a. 104. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th January, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence, rejjorts, despatches, documents and other papers relating in any way to the claim for a homestead, by the members of the family of Angus Sauve, who was in the African campaign, and who died a short time after his arrival in the country. Presented 4th February, 1910. — Mr. Boyer Not printed. 104a. (1989). 1. International Boundary Waters Treaty, signed at Washington, 11th January, 1909. 2. Eider attached by the United States Senate. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 105. Report of a system of uniform and common international regulations for the pro- tection and preservation of the food fishes in international boundar.v waters of Canada and the United States. Prepared by the International Fisheries Commission pursuant to and under the authority of the Convention of April 11, 190S, between Great Britain and the United States. Presented 4th February, 19i0, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for distribution. 106. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th January, 1910, for a copy of all papers, letters, telegrams, documents and correspondence, occurring during the first six months of 1908, in connection with suggested amendments to the Northwest Irrigation Act. Presented 7th February, 1910. — Mr. Mugrath Not printed. 107. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 16th November, 1909, for a copy of all petitions addressed to His Excellency the Governor General of Canada, or 'o the government, or any department thereof; also of all letters, correspondence of all kinds, and all reports had by the government in reference to the navigation, cleaning and deepening of the river known as River des Prairies, following along the northern boundary of the island of Montreal. Presented 7th February, 1910. — Mr. Monk. Not printed. 107a. Report of Mr. G. de G. Languedoc, assistant engineer, in respect of work required to be done along Riviere des Prairies, to give a five-foot channel at low water for navigation. Presented 15th February, 1910, by Hon. W. Pugsley Not printed. 108. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 24th January, 1910, showing what interest or control the Canadian Northern Railway Comi^any has in any of the following railway companies: The Ontario and Rainy River Railway Company, the Port Arthur, Duluth & Western Railway Company, the Manitoba & Southeastern Railway Company, the Minnesota & Manitoba Railway Company, the Minnesota & Ontario Bridge Company, the Saskatchewan Northwestern Railway Company, the Qu'Ap- pelle. Long Lake & Saskatchewan Railway Company, the Alberta Midland Railway Company, the Edmonton, Yukon and Pacific Railway Company. 2. Wliat subsidies either in land, money or by way of guarantee of securities have been granted to any of the railway companies mentioned on account of the main or branch lines or both, of the said companies, either b.v the Dominion government, or the provincial govern- ments of Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, or any muncipality through which their lines run. 3. What portion of these subsidies have been earned to date. 4. How many miles west of Edmonton a line of railway is constructed and in operation 25 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. by the Canadiau Northern Railway Coiupauy. 5. What work other than location survey work has beeu done west of this point up to date, how much and of what nature. 6. What portion, if any, will eventually form part of the proposed line to Vancouver. 7. When the location plan of the route of the C.N.E. between Edmonton and Vancou- ver, by way of the Yellow Head Pass was approved by the Minister of Railways and the Board of Railway Commissioners. 8. What applications, if any, have been made since to change or in any way alter this location plan. 9. To what extent, if any, the government of Manitoba has exercised its right of control of freight rates under section 8 of schedule B of the Act 1 Edward VII, chapter 53. 10. What effect, if any, this section of said act has had in reducing freight rates in the province of Manitoba. Presented 8th February, 1910.— Mr. Lennox Not printed. 109. Return for the year ended 31st December, 1909, of permits to take intoxicants into the Northwest Territories, in accordance with the requirements of chapter 62, section 88, of the Revised Statutes ofCanada. Presented 8th February, 1910, by Hon. F. Oliver. Not printed. 110. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th December, 1909, showing how many officials of the government, or of the Senate or House of Commons, have residences or living rooms in Ottawa supplied by the Crown, with the estimated yearly value and the rent charged in each case. Presented Uth February, 1910. — Mr. Blain. Not printed. llOu. Supplementary Return to No. 110. Presented 24th February, 1910 Notprinted. 111. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 26th January, 1910, showing the total amount of lands set apart for school purposes in Rupert's Land, or what now comprises the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. The amount of said lands sold for school purposes yearly before the formation of the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, and the average price realized per acre for same. The amount sold yearly in all the said provinces up to the year 1910, and the average price realized for same. The total amount of acres of school lands yet remaining unsold in the said provinces. Presented 15th February, 1910.-i/on. Mr. Davis Notprinted. 112. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th December, 1903, showing the amount received by the Minister of Finance under the Land Titles Act, section 159, cap. 110, R.S.C., 57 and 58 Vic, cap. 28, sec. 116; how such fund is invested under sec. 160 of the same Act; the amount of interest which has accrued from said fund; and the amount paid for losses arising from bad titles guaranteed by said fund. Presented 22nd February, 1910.— Mr. Macdoncll Not printed. 113. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th January, 1910, showing: 1. The name, cost, date of construction, place of construction, and gross tonnage of each of the steam vessels now ow^ned by the Dominion government. 2. The names jf those built in Canada. 3. What ones thrown open to Canadian competition. 4. In each case that was open to Canadian competition, the difference between the lowest Canadian tender and the price paid. 5. In each case where a contract was made with a builder for the construction of any of said steam vessels, the month and day when each of said contracts were signed, and when each of said contracts called for delivery of vessels. 6. The price each of the said steam vessels would have cost if the govern- ment in each case paid the current Canadian customs duty chargeable on vessels constructed outside of Canada. Presented 24th February, 1910.— Mr. Sinclair. Printed for sessional papers. 26 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 114. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 15th March, 1909, showing: 1. The number and names of the various dredggs owned by the government. .2 \Vh?n and by whom constructed, or when and from whom purchased. 3. The price paid for each dredge. 4. On what work each dredge has been engaged in in each of the years 1905, 1906, 1907 and 1908. 5. How many months during each of these years each dredge was working, and how many cubic yards of material each dredge removed per month. 6. The cost of maintaining and cost of operating each dredge for each of these years. 7. The names of the dredges leased during these years, if any, to whom leased, on what terms, aud what amounts were received each year under such leases. Presented 24th February, 1910. — Mr. German Not printed. 115. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19ih January, 1910, for a copy of all letters, telegrams, petitions and other correspondence in connection with the establishing of a post office to be named Charleston or Kelmont, on the south side if Assiniboine river, in the parisii of St. Charles, province of Manitoba. Presented 24th February, 1910. — Mr. Staples Not printed. 116. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th I'ebruary, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence between the District Officer Commanding Military District Number 11 and the Department of Militia, with reference to the battery of 12-pounder B.L. guns recently sent to Esquimalt, or with reference to the proposal that No. 1 Company of the 5th Regiment, C.A., should train on said guns. Pre.ented 24lh February, 1910.— Mr. Barnard Not printed. 117. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th February, 1910, showing the total cost to Canada of the Military College buildings and grounds, and the amount furnished each year by the government towards its maintenance. Presented 21th February, 1910.— .1/r. .irmntrong Pritited for sessional papers. 118. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th February, 1910, for a copy of all papers, affidavits and correspondence between the Interior Department and John A. Dunn, or anyone in his behalf, and any official of the department, concerning the application for patent of the n.w. 5 sec. 31, tp. 35, range 16, west of the 2nd meridian. . Presented 24th February, 1910.— 3/ r. Roche Not printed. 119. Statement of the afiairs of the British Canadian Loan and Investment Company (Limited), for the year ended 31st December, 1909. Also a list of the shareholders on 31st December, 1909, in accordance with chapter 57 of 39 Victoria. Presented (Senate) 25th February, by the Hon. the Speaker Not printed. 120. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 23rd November, 1909, for a copy of each charter granted since 1st June, 1909, by the Secretary of State, by letters patent undar The Companies Act, chapter 79 of the Revised Statutes, 1906. (o) Incorporating any comijany with powers for the development, production, distribution or use of water power for any purposes; or with powers for the proJuction, distribution and usa if water power for any purposes; or with powers for the production, distribution and use of electricity in any form by any means, whether directly or by the transformation thereof into heat, light, power or any other kind of energy; or (b) conferring such powers upon any company previously incorporated. Presented 1st March, 1910. — Hon. Mr. David Not printed. 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 121. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated Hth February, 1910, showing the amounts that have been paid to the Whig Publishing Company for printing and advertising by or for any departments of this governrment other than Militia and Defence and Marine and Fisheries, each year, from 1896 to the present time. Pre- sented 2nd March, 1910.— A/r. Brfitards Not printed. 121a. Supplementary Return to No. 121. Presented 10th March, 1910 Not printed. 12.?. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 29th November, 1909, for a copy of all letters, correspondence, papers, bills and memorials, passing between the government of the province of Manitoba and the Dominion government since 1st January, 1907. Presented 2nd March, 1910.— -l/r. Roche Not printed. 122u. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 28th February, 1910, and also of the Senate, dated 21th February, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence between the Dominion government and the government of Manitoba on the subject of the extension of the boundaries of the province of Manitoba since the resolution adopted by the House of Commons on the 13th day of July, 1908. Presented 2nd March, 1910. — Hon. Mr. Watson arid Mr. MoUoij Not printed. 123. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 3rd February, 1910. for the production of all correspondence between the Honourable George E. Foster, M.P., and the government of Canada, or any of their members since the year 1878, in relation to appointment of judges to the judicial bench and of members to the Senate of Canada. Presented 6th April, 1910. — Hon. Mr. Cloran Not printed. 124. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th February, 1910, showing all sums of money received by the Soldi Publication Company, the Vigie Publication Com- pany, and the Daily Telegraph Publication Company of Quebec, from the different federal departments, and from the Transcontinental Commission, since the first day of March, 1908, and the respective dates of each payment. Presented 3rd March, 1910.-- Mr. Paquet Not printed. 125. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 29th November 1909, for a copy of all correspondence, reports, advertisements, tenders, contracts and other paiers and documents relative to the maintenance of a wrecking plant on the Pacific or Atlantic • coasts, or in the River or Gulf of St. Lawrence, not already brought down. Presented 3rd March, 1910.— Mr. Taylor (Leeds) Not printed. 126. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th January, 1910, showing how much money has been paid by this government in each year from 1896 to 1909, both years included, to the firms of Elliott Bros., and of E. Carson, of Kingston, Ontario, for supplies furnished to, or services of any kind performed by the government. Pre- sented 4th March, 1910. — Mr. Eduards Not printed. 127. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th January, 1910, showing: 1. The amount of Canada's copper, silver, and gold coinage, respectively, for each of the last ten years, and the cost and profit of each year's coinage, counting the interest and depreciation of the cost of the Canadian Mint at 6 per cent, and the cost of main- tenance and staff for the years during which it has been in operation. 2. The amount of United States silver, and at what cost that has been deported each year, and the estimated amount of United States silver current in Canada from yeai to year. Presented 4th March, 1910. — Mr. Foster Not printed. 28 9-10 Edw. YII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 128. Ketum to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th February, 1910, showing the nnmber of chartered banks that have gone into liquidation since 18^, the date of the charters of each, the date of suspension, the capital stock, assets and liabilities, respect- ively, at date of supension, and the per cent of dividends paid to both holders and depositors respectively. Also what other banks have disappeared by amalgamation or otherwise, with similar information as above in respect to them. Presented 4th March, 1910.— 3fr. Foster ^ Sot printed. 129. Return to an order of the House of Ciimmons, dated 7th February, 1910, for a copy of all memorisils, reports, correspondence and documents not already brought down, including report of the survey made during the past summer and autumn of the harbour at Cape John and Tatamagouehe Bay, in the counties of Pictou and Colchester, in the province of Nova Scotia, relating to the route of the winter steamers between Prince Edward Island and the mainland of Canada, and suggesting and recommending a change cr changes in the said route, and an increase in the number of trips daily of such winter steamers ; and also a copy of all memorials, reports, correspondence and documents relating to the route of the summer mail steamers between Charlottetown and the mainland of Canada, and suggesting a change or changes in that route, and an increase in the number of trips daily of such summer mail steamers; and also with regard to connecting such suggested new summer route or routes with a point or points on the Intercolonial Railway ; and also for a copy of all memorials, and corresi)ondence, asking for additional and improved aids to navigation of the harbour of Charlotte- town and in Tatamagouehe Bay and harbour. Presented 4th March, 1910. — Mr. War- burton ATof printed. 130. Keturn to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th February, 1910, for a copy of all reports of surveys of any projected railway lines or routes in the province of Prince Edward Island during the years 190S and 1909, and particularly rei>orts of the surveys of any such line from Koyal Junction, or thereabouts, to Kensington or there- abouts ; also of all correspondence, recommendations, documents and papers of every kind, nature and description relating to or concerning the said projected railway lines or routes or the surveys therefor. Presented 6th March, 1910. — Mr. Borden.. Xoi priiiied. ISOd. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1910, for a copy of all memorials, reports of surveys, engineers' reports, estimates, correspondence and docu- ments in the possession of the Department of Railways and Canals, and of the Inter- colonial Railway Commission, relating to the survey and construction of a proposed branch of the Prince Edward Island Railway through New London and along the north shore of Queens County, in that island. Presented 8th April, 1910. — ilr. Warhurton. Xot printed. 131. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 22nd February, 1910, for a comparative state- ment for the years 1907, 1908 and 1909, of crude petroleum oil imported into Canada, and values. Presented 4th March. 1910. — Uon. ilr. Domville Xot printed. 132. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th February, 1910, for a copy of reports of the following Quarantine Frontier Inspectors :— Dr. Bradford, Dr. Carter, Dr. Duncan, Dr. Thornton, Dr. Wallace, Dr. May, Dr. McKenty, Dr. Little, Dr. Hen- derson and Dr. Scott. Presented 9th March, 1910.— Mr. Sharpe (Lisgar).. Not printed. 133. R«port of the Hydrographic Survey, in connection with Irriga'ion. for the season of 1909. Pesented 10th March, 1910, by Hon. F. Oliver. Printed for both distribution anc sessional papert. 29 9-10 Edw. Vll. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— ('out: mi fd. 134. Retui'ii to ail order of the House of Commons, dated 17tli February, 1909, showing partictilars of the places where the expenditures mentioned in eoUimn .')65, unrevised Hansard, for wharfs in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Britisli Columbia, where made, together with amounts expended in each instance for construction and repairs, respectively. Presented 10th March, 1910.— Mr. Barnard Xot printed. 135. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 16th November, 1909, for a copy of all petitions addressed to the government or any member thereof, as well as of all letters, correspondence and reports in the possession of the government, and having reference to repairs required at two wharfs built by the government and situated at Ste. Genevieve and Isle Bizard, in Jacques Cartier County, P.Q., and also all the correspondence concerning the construction of those wharfs, and of tlieir use as piers for a bridge. Presented 11th March. 1910.— .Ur. Monk Not printed. 136. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated ITtli Januiuy. 1910, showing the foreign e,xhibitions in wliich Canada has taken part since .July, 1896, the time and place where such was held, the e.xpenditure thereon by the government of Canada, the persons, not common labourers, who had charge of the same or were employed thereat, the sunjs paid to such severally under the heads of (a) salary, (b) expenses, and the total cost to the country of each such exhibition; also the amounts received as revenue from the sale of articles or commodities, lumber, buildings and other materials, respectively. The whole statement to be made up in tabular form and the additions of money columns to be made. . Presented Uth March, 1910. — Mr. Foster. Printed for sessional papers. 137. Return to an order of the l^euate. dated 18th February, 1910, for a statement showing the number of homestead entries, pre-emptions, scrip locations and military warrant locations in townships 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39, in ranges 1 to 19, inclusive, of 4th meridian, and in townships 32, 33 and 31, in ranges 1 to 8 inclusive, nest of tth meridian. Pre- sented 16th March, 1910.— ffo)i. Mr. Talbot .* Xot printed. 138. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th January, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence between the government, or any member thereof, and the Impe- rial South .African Service Association, or any of its officers, in reference to a pro- posed military reserve to be formed by the members of the Imperial South African Veterans' Association. Presented ITtli March, 1910.— .1/r. Macdonald.. . .Not printed. 139. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated Itth February, 1910, for a copy of all orders in council, correspondence, reports, documents and papers, relating to the right or privilege to raise the waters of Clear Lake, province of Manitoba, application for which was made by a company to develop power on the Litt?- Saskatchewan river. Presented 21st March, 1910.— Mr. Roche Not printed. 140. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th February, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence, advertisements, tenders and other documents, in connection with a proposal or proposals to lease a part or the whole of the Black Foot Reserve. Presented 21st March, 1910.— Mr. Maurath Not printed. 141. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated Uth March, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence, reports, documents and papers relating to tlie strike of the employees of the Dominion Coal Company and the Cumberland Coal and Railway Company, in the counties of Cape Breton and Cumberland, Nova Scotia. Presented 23rd March, 1910.— Mr. Rlwdes Not printed. 30 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 141a. Supplementary Return to No. 141. Presented 13tU April, 1910 Not printed. 142. IJeturn to an order of the House of Commons, dated 2tth November, 1909, showing the total amounts paid by the government in each year since 1896, for all printing, adver- tising and lithographing done outside of the Government Printing Bureau ; the total amount so paid by each department of the government for such purposes during each year; the names and addresses of each individual, firm or corporation to whom any such moneys have been so paid, and the total amount paid to each individual, firm or corporation in each year since 1896. What portion of the said sums, if any, so paid since 1896, was expended after public advertisement, tender and contract, to whom such tenders were awarded, whether to the lowest tender in each case, what portion was expended otherwise than by public advertisement, tender and contract, and to whom it was paid in each instance. Presented 23rd March, 1910. — Mr. Armstrong. Not printed. 143. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th January, 1910, showing: 1. How much money has been paid by this government from 1896 to the present time to the firm of Sullivan & Langdon, contractors, of Kingston, or to Mr. Sullivan, con- •ractov, Kingston. 2. What public buildings or other public worts that have been let by contract to either of the above firms since 1896, the contract price in each case, and the total amount paid to the said contractors in each case. 3 The total cost of each building or public work in which either of the above meatioued firms was iuterestel. Presented 23rd March. 1910. — ^fr. Edwards Not printed. 144. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th January, 1910, showing: 1. All amounts wliich may be deducted from the allowances due ofiicers commanding corps of the active militia to cover deficiencies in clothing, &c., deposited to the credit of the Receiver General of Consolidated Keveniie. 2. The amount of money that has been received from ofiicers commanding corps of active militia during the five yea:s ended 31st March, 1909, in payment for clothing issued to such corps, including deduc- tions from allowances to cover repayment to replace deficiencies. Presented 30th March, 1910. — Mr. Worthington Not printed. 145. Rules of the Supreme Court of Saskatchewan, under the provisions of section 576 t the Criminal Code. Presented 30th March, 1910, by Hon. A. B. Aylesworth. Not printed. 146. Copy of correspondence between the Canadian government and the government if Great Britain in respect to the purchase by Canada of the cruiser Rainbow. Pre- sented 30th Jtarch, 1910, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for sessional papers. 146a. Copy of correspondence between the Canadian government and the government if Great Britain in respect to the purchase of the cruiser Niobe. Presented 30th March, 1910, by Sir Wilfrid Laurier Printed for sessional papers. 147. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th February, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence respecting the Central Park Post Office during the year 1909 and including particularly a copy of: 1. Representations made to the department that by changing the location of the ofiice and establishing a post ofiice at CoUingwood East, the interest of the majority of the residents would be best served. 2. The evidence tak< n at the inquiry following such representations, and the official report upon such evi- dence. 3. Communications from residents of Central Park and others with respect to the closing of the post ofiice there, and the answer made thereto in accordance with the facts, i. The information upon which it was determined that the removal of the post office would be a greater convenience. 5. The largely signed petition from patrons 31 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphahetieal IiiJex to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOITIME 19— Continued. of the Central Park Post Office coniplaining of the mai)agement, ic; and the report of the inspector who investigated the same. Presented 31st March, 1910. — Mr. Taylor (New Westmhistcrj Not printed. 148. Return to an order of the TTnuse of Commons, dated 14tli March, 1910, showing, foi the last two months, the time of each transmission of mails from Montreal to London, England, and from London, England, to Montreal and showing the date and hour of closing, and date and hour of delivery in each case. Presented .31st March, 1910. — Mr. Monk Not printed 149. Return to an order of tlie House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1910, showing the names of the sessional and temporary employees of the House of Commons who were under pay on the 27th January last; and the numher of the said employees stated in the estimates of 1909-10. Presented 31st March, 1910.— iVr. Best. Printed for sessional papers. 150. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 24th January, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence between Celstin Pregent, of Melocheville, P.Q., either personally or through his attorney, and the Department of Railways and Canals, concerning certain bridges on the Beauharnois canal. Presented 31st March, 1910. — Mr. Monk. Not printed. 151. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1910, showing what amount of money has been paid eacli year to Geo. Walton, Manitoba, by the Interior Department, from January 1st, 1906, to December 31st, 1909 ; and what monies Mr. Geo. Walton has received since January 1st, 190S, from any other department of the govern- ment. Presented 4th April, 1910. — Mr. Schaffner Not printed. 152. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th February, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence relating to all coal lands reserved for as well as those acquired by the Bow River Collieries by direct application or assignment. Pie-euted 4th -Ipril, 1910.— Mr. Northrup Not printed. 153. Report of Harry Freeman .Vlward, (Commissioner appointed to investigate into the matter of complaints concerning James Dickson, governoient valuator, Trent canal, pursuant to Part II, of the Inquiries Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1906, held at Peterborough and Hastings, Ontario, March 23th to March 29th, inclusive, 1910; and also a copy of the evidence in relation thereto. Presented 5th April, 1910. by Hoii. G.P.Graham .' Not printed. 154. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 14th January, 1910, for a statement comprising, in so many distinct columns, the names, dates and appointment, nature of employment, salary, travelling expenses, and indication of the section where the person was em- ployed, of all persons in the service of the Commission for the construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway between Moncton and Winnipeg. Presented 6th April, 1910.— ffon. Mr. Boldiic. Not printed. 155. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th February, 1910, for a copy of all pay-sheets, accounts, and vouchers for wages, material and expenditure in connection with work on Skinner's Cove, Boat Harbour, Pictou County, Nova Scotia, in tlie years 1907, 1908 and 1909. Presented SIh .Vpril, 1910— .Wr. Stanficld.. Not printed. 32 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical ludex to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IQ— Continued. 155a. Return to an order of the House of Cdnimuns, datt-d 14th Febriiarj, 1910, fur a copy of all pavinents, accounts and vouchers for wages, materials and other ex[)enditures in connection with work on the Toney river. Boat Harbour, Pictou County, Nova Scotia, in the years 1907, 1908 and 1909. Presented 8th April, 1910.— Mr. Rhodes. Not printed. 156. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 15th December, 1909, showing: At what places in the several provinces armouries and drill halls have been erected, and when they were erected ; the total cost of the site in each case, and when and from whom purchased; the contract price of each building, and to whom and when the contract was awarded; the total cost of each building; in what places armouries and drill halls are being constructed at present, and the cost of the site, from whom and when purchased ; the estimated cost of the building in each case, and to whom, when and at what prioe the contract was awarded, and the names of places other armouries and drill halls are to be built by the government in the near future. Presented 8th April, 1910.— Mr. Edwards.. ..' Not printed. 156a. Suplemeutary Eeturii to No. 156. Presented 14th .April, 1910 Not printed. 157. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th February, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence, accounts, vouchers and reports, relating to the accident' at Sault Ste. Marie lock in June, 1909; the number of vessels and tonnage with port of destina- tion, and number of passengers passing through the Canadian lock at Sault Ste. Marie, during the months of April to December, both inclusive, 1909. Presented 8th April, 1910. — Mr. Boyce Not printed. 158. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th February, 1910, for a copy of the original field notes of the survey of Captain Jemmett, 18S9, on Chu-Chu-Way- Ha Reserve, No. 2, Similkameen District, B.C. Presented 14th April, 1910. — Mr. Burrell. Not printed. 159. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th February, 1910, for a copy of all pay sheets, accounts and vouchers for wages, materials and other expenditures in connection with work on the Causeway between Cariboo and Cariboo Island, Pictou County, Nova Scotia, in the years 1907, 1908 and 1909. Presented Itth April, 1910.- Afr. Borden (llulijax) Not printed. 160. Statement of representation made to the Honourable the Minister of Labour by inter- views and in the form of correspondence in respect of Bill No. 101, ' An Act for the investigation of combines, monopolies, trusts and mergers which may enhance prices or restrict competition tothe detriment of consumers.' Presented Uth April, 1910, by Hon. W. L. M. King Not printed. 161. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 14th March, 1910, for a copy of all papers and correspondence relating to the sale and refund of the money paid on the sale of the n.e. J section of section 11, township 1, range 9, west of the 1st meridian in Manitoba. Presented 15th April, 1910. — Mr. Sharpe (Lisgar). .Not printed. 162. Return to an order of the Senate, dated ith .\pril. 1910, for a copy of all correspon- dence or petitions received by the government from Manitoba grain growers in con- nection with terminal elevators, especially a letter dated the 81st January, 1910. Pre- sented Uth April, 1910.— ffon. Mr. Kirchhoffer Not printed. 8.340— ,S 33 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME l9—CoiM,ui(^cl. 163. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 11th Alarch, 1910, for the production of the report of every inquiry made and of all correspondence exchanged during the last five years on the subject of one or more seizures of goods consigned to or the property of the Quebec Eock City Tobacco Company, as well as on the subject of every remission of fines incurred by the said company for infraction of the Inland Revenue laws or regulations. Presented 14th April, 1910— Hon. Mr. Landry Not printed. 164. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 7th February, 1910, showing the number of persons appointed as temporary employees of the civil service in the several departments since the present Civil Service Act came into force, the date if the appointment of each, their names, their salaries while employed as such temporary employees, the department in which such employee was placed, the duration of their employment, whether in one department alone or in case of transfer to another or other department, with total length of time employed, the names of those who in consquence of having passed the Civil Service examination have been employed permanently, the names of those who while temporarily employed failed to pass the required examina- tion and are still employed in the service ; the names of those who are or have been employed over the statutory six months as temporary employees, and the reasons for such continued employment in each case. Presented 18th April, 1910. — Mr. Hughes. Not printed. 165. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 19th January, 1910, for a copy of all papers, letters, telegrams, documents and correspondence in connection with the establishment of the Experimental Farm near Lethbridge, Alta. Presented 18th April, 1910.— Mr. Magrath Not printed. 166. Certified copies of reports of the Committee of the Privy Council of 17th Januray, 1908, and of the 14th November, 1908, respecting a homestead entry granted to Mr. Charles D. T. Becher, for the n.e. J of section 20, township 52, range 24, west of the fourth meridian, &c. Presented 18th April, 1910, by Hon. P. Oliver Not printed. 167. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 10th February, 1910, of all surveys, plans, reports and other documents connected with the improvement of the Saskatchewan river, with a view to facilitate transportation by water of passengers and freight from the foot of the Rocky Mountains to the city of Winnipeg, Man. Presented 19th April, 1910.— iioH. Mr. Davis Not printed. 168. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 24th November, 1909, for a copy of all correspondence and papers, and any information possessed by the government relating to the formation and work of the Secretariat decided upon by the Imperial Conference of 1907. Presented 20th April, 1910.— Mr. Foster. Printed for both distribution and sessional papers. 189. Correspondence between the Clerk of the House and the Department of Justice with reference to the organization of the staff of the House of Commons. Presented 21st April, 1910, by Hon. W. S. Fielding Not printed. 170. Certified copy of a report of the Committee of the Privy Council, approved by His Excellency the Governor General on the 15th April, 1910, in respect to chapter 10 of the Statutes of Ontario, 1909, intituled : ' An Act to amend an Act to chapter 19 of the Statutes of Ontario, 1909,' intituled : ' An Act to amend an Act to provide for the transmission of Electrical Power to Municipalities,' to validate certain contracts entered into with the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, and for other purposes.' Presented 25th April, 1910, by Hon. A. B. Aylesworth Not printed. .34 9-10 Edw. VII. Alphabetical hnlcx to Sessional Pnpers. A. Ji)10 CONTENTS OF VOLUME IB^Continued. 1/1. Eeturn to an order of the House ot Commous, dated Uth March, 1910, for a copy of all papers and correspondence between different persons or companies and the Department of Mines, in reference to a charge of unprofessional conduct made in the Canadian Mining Journal of July 1, 1909, against Jlr. Fritz Cirkle, a mining engineer, tempo- rarily employed by the Department of Mines in preparing a report on the asbestos mining industry of the province of Quebec. Presented 27th April, 1910. — Mr. Smith (Nanaimo) Not printed. 172. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 6th December, 1909, for a copy cf all letters, communications, petitions and correspondence with and by the government or any minister, witli regard to the acquiring or building by the Government of Ter- minal Elevators at any point or points in Canada. Presented 27th April, 1910. — Mr. Campbell Not printed. 172a. Report of the investigation of the terminal elevator companies. Presented 29tli April, 1910, by Hon. Frank Oliver Not printed. 173. Return io an order of the Senate, dated 21st January, 1910, tor a copy of tlie contract entered into between Messrs. Koeuing & Company, and the government, for clearing away the ruins of the Quebec bridge. Presented 28th .\pril, 1910. — Bon. Mr. Landry. Not printed. r74. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 10th March, 1910, for a statement regarding Indian affairs in British Columbia for the years 1908 and 1909, showing: — The number of persons and place of residence to whom salaries are paid and the amounts. The number of Indians to whom food or clothing were given, in what districts, and the value. How many hospitals are there for Indians, in what districts, how many Indians treated, and the cost. The number of agents travelling, how many trips in the year, what are the allowances per day. How many offices are rented, in what localities, and the rent paid. How many Indian orchards were cleared and where. How many Indians received seed and implements, and where. Presented 29th April, 1910.— J/oh. Mr. Macdonald (B.C.) . .Not printed. 175. Return to an order of the House of Comuions, dated Mtli March, 1910, for a copy of all correspondence, papers, affidavits, cancellations, &c., in connection with the entry of Wm. Reid Gardiner, for the n.w. J section 22, township 35, range 16, west of the 2nd meridian. Presented 2nd May, 1910. — Mr. Roche Not printed. 176. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 15th December, 19119, for a copy of the report, plans and correspondence in the hands of the government regarding the construction of branch post offices and postal substations in and around the city of Montreal, and of all proposals and suggestions made to the government by the post office authorities at Montreal for the establishment, in a systematic way, of postal branches and substations in said city and suburbs. Presented 2nd May, 1910. — Mr. Monk .\ot printed. 176a. Supplementary Return to No. 176. Presented 4th -May, 1910 Not printed. 177. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th February, 1910, for a copy of all papers, correspondence and petitions in reference to the changing of the post office at Windygates, in the province of Manitoba. Presented 2nd May, 1910.— Mr. Sharpe (Lisgar) Not pi-mted. 3.5 9-10 V.dw. VII. Alphabetical Index to Sessional Papers. A. 1910 CONTENTS OF VOLUME 19— Continued. 178. Return to an ordtr of the House of Commons, dated 28th February, 1919, for a copy of all reprsentations made by business or commercial men or citizens of Winnipeg to the department or government since the contemplated action of the goTernment in reference to closing or keeping open the post office to box holders on Sundays, and who made them ; and 01 all orders given by' the Postmaster General or his department to the post- masters in reference to this Sunday closing. Presented 2nd May, 1910. — Mr. Haggart (Winnipeg) Not printed. 178a. Supplementary Return to No. 178. Presented 2nd Hay, 1910 Not printed. 179. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 17th November, 1909, for a copy of all accounts, vouchers, correspondence, reports and other papers, not already brought down in connection with the survey of the St. John River channel between Fredcricton and Woodstock, N.B. Presented 2nd May, 1910. — Mr. Crocket.. Not printed. 180. Return to an address of the Senate, dated 17th March, 1910, for all documents, letters, returns, &c., concerning the damming of the river La DeCharge, near Lake St. John, in the district of Chicoutimi; which returns are to the effect of showing whether it would be possible to maintain the level of Lake St. John at a reasonable height in order to ensure serviceable navigation on that lake and its tributaries. Presented 2nd May, 1910. — Bon. Mr. Choquette Not printed. 181. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 14th February, 1910, for a copy of all orders in council, reports, correspondence, documents and papers not already brought down relating to the construction of the Georgian Bay canal, or any portion thereof, relatiug to the surveys thereof, and all offers, proposals and written negotia- tions not already brought down, with respect to the construction of the said canal or any portion tliereof by any company, corporation or syndicate, or with respect to the guarantee by the government of bonds or debentures for the purpose of raising the necessary capital for tlie construction of the said canal. Presented 3rd May, 1910. — Mr. White (Renfrew) Not printed. 182. Return to an address of the House of Commons, dated 17th January, 1910, showing the various commissions appointed for all purposes by the government since July 1§96, the person or persons compo.sing the commission and the date of appointment, the purpose for which appointed, the date of completion of the work in each case, and the cost of each under the head (o) salary, (b) travelling expenses, and (c) printing report, if any; the word 'commissions' to include the missions of ministers, single or associated, going on public account to the countries outside of Canada. Presented 3rd May, 1910.— Mr. Foster Not printed. 182a. Supplementary Return to No. 182. Presented 3rd May, 1910 Not printed. 183. Return to an order of the House of Commons, dated 28th February, 1910, showing the number of persons in the employ of each department of the government during the year 1909 under the following heads: (o) civil service employees at Ottawa; (b) civil service employees outside of Ottawa; (c) in stated and regular employ, but not under the Civil Service Act, giving the distinctive ser%'ice of each group; {d) those in tem- porary or casual employment, giving the distinctive work of each group, and also showing the total amount paid under each head. Pre.sented 3rd May, 1910. — Hon. Mr. Foster Not printed. 184. Return to an order of the Senate, dated 2nd May, 1910, showing for each of the last ten years the date of the prorogation of parliament and the date on which the bound statutes of the session were distributed. Presented -Ith May, 1910.— Hon. Mr. Power. Not printed. no 9-10 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1910 DOMINION OF CANADA ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS FOR THF, YEAR ENDEO MARCH 31 1909 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY C. H. PARMELEE, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCEr,LENT MAJESTY 1 909 [No. 27—1910.] 9-10 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1910 To His Excellency the Right Honourable Sir Albert Henry George, Earl Grey, Viscount Howich, Baron Grey of Howick, in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom., and a Baronet ; Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George, Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order, &c., &c.. Governor General and Commander- in-Chief of the Dominion of Canada. May it Please Tour Excellency : — The undersigned has the honour to present to Your Excellency the Annual Report of the Department of Indian Afiairs for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Respectfully submitted, FRANK OLIVER, Superintendent General of Indian Affairs. Ottawa, September 2, 1909. 27— A 9-10 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1910 CONTENTS. PAET I. Page. Index Vn. Report of Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs XIX. Report of Indian Reserve Commissioner for British Columbia 265 Report of Indian Superintendent for British Columbia 261 Reports of Indian Agents and other outside officers 1-279 Reports of Principals of Boarding and Industrial Schools 281-450 PART II. Tabiilar Statements — School Statement 2-25 Indian Land Statement 26-8 Census Return 29-56 Agricultural and Industrial Statistics 57-111 Commutations of Annuity 112 Officers and Employees 113-129 Appropniaion Accounts 130-31 Indian Trust Fund Accounts 132 27— Aj 9-10 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1910 GENERAL INDEX A. Abenakis of Becancour, Que., of St. Francis, Que., Agriculture, Ahousaht Boarding School, B.C., Ahtahkakoop's Band, Carlton Agency, Sask., Alberni Boarding School, B.C., Alberta Inspectorate — Agencies, " Schools, Alert Bay Industrial School, B.C., .Alexander's Band. Edmonton AgencT, Alta., All Hallows Boarding School, Yale, B.C., Algonquins of Golden Lake, Ont., " River Desert, Que., " Timiskaming, Que., Alnwick Band, Ont., Amalecites of Cacouna, Que., " Viger, Que., Ancel, Rev. F., O.M.I., Annapolis County, N.S., Micmacs, Annuity Commutations, Antigonish County, N.S., Micmacs, Appropriation Accounts, Arsenault, J. O., Ashton, Rev. R., Assabaska Band, Ont., Assiniboine Agency, Sask., " Band, Sask., J. R. Dube 43 A. O. Comire, M.D 44 See ' Agricultural and Industrial Statis- tics,' Part II, pages 57-111, also side headings in each report : ' Agriculture,' 'Buildings,' ' Crops,' ' Farming,' ' Farm Implements ' and ' Stock.' Rev. J. L. Millar, B.A 395 Thos. Borthwick 133 Jas. R. Motion 397 J. A. Markle 193 '* 387 A. W. Corker..".. .."..'.!'.'.'.'.' . .' .'. .'. 411 Urbain Verreau 176 Sister Superior Constance 409 Martin Mullin 12 W. J. McCaffrey 45 A. Burwash 55 J. Thackeray 20 Edouard Beaulieu 46 Same as ' Amalecites of Cacouna ' 46 La Plonge Boarding School, Sask 331 John Lacy 62 By Ten Years' Purchase, Part II, page 112. John R. McDonald 63 Suuiinary, Part II, page* 130-31. Prince Edward Island Superintendency. . 78 Mohawk Institute, Brantford, Ont 285 R. S. McKenzie 94 W. S. Grant 122 123 Babine and Upper Skeena River Agency, B.C., Baiter, Rev. Leon, Earner, Rev. Arthur, Bastien, Antoine O., Batchawana Band, Ont., Bathurst Band, N.B., Battleford Agency, Sask., " Industrial School, Sask., Batty, J., Bay of Quints, Ont., Mohawks, Beardy's Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask., Beaulieu, Edouard, Beaver Lake Band, Saddle Lake Agency, Alta., Becancour, Que., Abenakis, Beckwith, Chas. E., Berens River, Band, Man., Bersimis Agency, Que., " Band, Que., Big Cove Band, N.B., Big Island Band. Ont., Birdtail Sioux Band, Birtle Agency, Man., Birtle Agency, Man., " Boarding School, Man., E. E. Loring 204 Blue Quill's Boarding School, Alta 365 Red Deer Industrial School, Alta 382 Hurons of Lorette, Que 47 Wm. L. Nichols 27 R.A.Irving 56 J. P. G. Day 124 Rev. E. Matheson 343 Saddle Lake Agency, Alta 188 Jos. R. Stainton 24 J. Macarthur 140 Amalecites of Viger, Que 46 J. Batty 189 J. R. Dube 43 Micmacs of Kings County, N.S 70 C. C. Calverley 102 A. Gagnon 53 53 R. A. Irving 57 R. S. McKenzie 94 G. H. Wheatley 79 78 W. W. McLaren 305 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAX AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 S— Concluded. Black River Band, Man., Blackfoot Agency, Alta., Boarding Schools, Alta., Blain, Jean, Blewett, W. G., Blood Agency. Alta., C. E. Boarding School, Alta., " R. C. Boarding School, Alta., Bloodvein River Band, Man., Blue Quill's Boarding School, Alta., Boening, Rev. H., Borthwick. Thos., Bousquet, Rev. P., O.M.I.. Boyd, A. J., Brandon Industrial School, Man., British Columbia, Broadstock, W. F., Brokenhead Band, Man., Brown, James, Bryce, Peter H., M.D., Buctouche Band, N.B., Buffalo Bay Band, Man., Burnt Church Band, N.B., Burwash, Adam, C. C. Calverley 100 J. H. Gooderham 1"0 H. W. Gibbon Stocken 371 Iroquois of Caughuawaga i8 Pelly Agency, Sask 153 R. N. Wilson 1^" Gervase Edward Gale 3G2 Rev. J. M. Salaun, O.M.I 364 C. C. Calverley 100 Rev. Leon Baiter 3Go Williams Lake Industrial School, B.C.. 427 Carlton Agency, Sask 131 Kenora Boarding School, Out 301 Superintendent for Nova Scotia 7G Rev. T. Terrier 307 Indian Reserve Commissioner 265 Indian Superintendent 261 Inspector of Schools, Rev. A. E. Green.. 429 Wabiskaw C. E. Boarding School, Alta.. 378 J. O. Lewis 85 Lac la Ronge Boarding School, Sask.. .. 333 Report of Chief Medical Officer 267 R. A. Irving 57 R. S. McKenzie 93 R. A. Irving 56 Timiskaming Agency, Que .■• •• ^^ Cacouna, Que., Amalecites, Cairns, R. H., Calais, Rev. J., O.M.I., Calverley, C. C, Cape Breton County, N.S., Miomaos, Cape Crokcr, Ont., Chippewas, Carion, Rev. A. M., O.M.I., Carlton Agency, Sask., Cattle, Caughnawaga, Que., Iroquois, Cecilia Jeffrey Boarding School, Kenora, Ont., Census, Chapleau Agency, Out., Boarding School, Ont., Chard, J. G., Chaumont, Rev. W., Charlebois, Rev. O., O.M.I., Chemawawin Band, Sask., Chipewyan Band, Onion Lake Agency, Sask., Saddle Lake Agency, Alta., Chippewas of Cape Croker, Ont., " Christian Island, Ont., " Georgina and Snake Island, Ont., " Nawash or Cape Croker, Ont., " Rama, Ont., " Sarnia, Ont., " Saugeen, Ont., " Thames, Ont., " Walpole Island, Ont., Chisholm, Daniel, Chisholm, W. J., Christian Island Band, Ont., Claessen, Rev. P., Claiideboye Agency, Man., Clayoquot Industrial School, B.C., Cockburu, Geo. P., " Island Band, Ont., Colchester County, N.S., Micmacs, Comir^, A. O., M.D., Same as ' Amalecites of Viger * 46 Coqualeetza Industrial School, B.C.. .. 416 Sturgeon Lake Boarding School, Alta.. .. 375 Norway House Agency, Man. Suptcy.. .. 99 D. K. Mclntyre, M.D., and A. J. Mc- Nfil. :\I.D 64, 63 John Mclver 8 Kamloops Industrial School, B.C 418 Thos. Borthwick 131 See ' Agricultural and Industrial Statis- tics,' Part II, pages 57-111, also side heading ' Stock ' in each report. J. Blaiu 48 F. T. Dodds 297 Census Return, Part II, pages 29-56. H. A. West 1 P. R. Soanes 283 Valley River Reserve, Man 112 Pine Creek Boarding School, Man .304 Duck Lake Boarding School, Sask 325 Fred. Fischer 149 W. Sibbald 148 J. Batty 189 Same as 'Chippewas of Nawa-sh ' 8 Chas. McGibbon 6 John Yates 7 John Mclver 8 Duncan Graham 9 Wm. Nisbet 10 .Tohn Scoffield ' 34 S. Sutherland 5 J. B. McDougall 42- Micmacs of Halifa.'c County, N.S 68 N. Saskatchewan Inspectorate — Agencies. 163 Schools.. 349 Chas. McGibbon 6 Kuper Island Industrial School, B.C.. .. 423 J. O. Lewis 83 Rev. P. Maurus, O.S.B 413 Sturgeon Falls Agency, Ont 37 Robert Thorburn 13 Robert H. Smith 66 Abenakis of St. Francis, Que 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 GENERAL INDEX C — Concluded. Commutations of Annuity, Conroy, H. A., Coqualeetza Industrial School, B.C., Corker, A. W., Cory, Thos., Cote Band, Pelly Agency, Sask., Couchiching Band, Out., Couture, Rev. Th., S. .1., Cowessess Band, Crooked Lake Agency, Sask. " Boarding School, Sask., Cowichan Agencv, B.C., Cox, G. D., Crooked Lake Agency, Sask., Crops, Crosby Girls' Home, Port Simpson, B.C., Cross Lake Band, Norway House Agency, Crowfoot Boarding School, Alta., Crowstand Boarding School, Sask., Cumberland Band, Sask., County, N.S., Micmacs, Cunningham, Rer. E. J., O.M.I., .Teuuie, Bv Ten Years' Purchase, Part II, page 112. Report on Treaty No. 8 197-9 R. H. Cairns 416 Alert Bay Industrial School, B.C 411 Moose Mountain Agency, Sask 113 W. G. Blewett 1.53 J. P. Wright 88 Wikwemikong Industrial School, Ont. . .. 292 M. Millar 137 Rev. S. Perrault, O.M.I 321 W. E. Robertson 213 Stikine Agency, B.C 251 M. Millar 13G See ' Agricultural and Industrial Statis- tics,' Part II, pages 57-111, also side headings in each report. Hannah M. Paul 400 C. C. Calverley 101 Rev. .T. L. LeVern, O.M.I 3G6 Rev. W. McWhinnev 323 Fred. Fischer 1.52 F. A. Rand, M.D 67 Onion Lake R. C. Boarding School, Sask. .337 File Hills Boarding School, Sask 327 D. Dalles Band, Ont., Dauphin, Rev. R. L., O.M.I., Day, J. P. G., Day Star's Band, Touchwood Hills Agency, Sask., Delmas, Rev. H., O.M.I., Decorby, Rev. J., O.M.I., Desert River, Que., Algonquins, Digby County, N.S., Micmacs, Ditcham, Rev. Geo., Doods, F. T., Dokis Band, Ont., Donald, W. B. L., M.D., Doucet, Rev. L., O.M.I., Dube, Jules R., Duck Lake Agency, Sask., " Boarding School, Sask., Dunvegan Baud, Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alta., R. S. McKenzie 91 Jirmineskin's Boarding School, Alta.. .. 367 Battleford Agency, Sask 121 W. Murison 161 Thunderchild's Boarding Schpol, Sask. . . 311 Keeseekouse Boarding School, Sask.. .. 330 W. J. McCaffrey 15 Jas. H. Purdy 68 Lytton Industrial School, B.C 426 Cecilia Jefirey Boarding School 297 Geo. P. Cockburn 38 Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alta 180-183 Peigan R. C. Boarding School, Alta.. .. 373 Abenakis of Becancour, Que 43 J. Macarthur 139 Rev. 0. Charlebois, O.M.I 325 W. B. L. Donald. M.D 181-1 Eagle Lake Band, Ont., Edmonton Agency, -Alta., Edmundston Band, N.B., Education, Eel Ground Band, N.B., " River Band, N.B., Elkhorn Industrial School, Man., Employees, Enoch's Band, Edmonton Agency, Alta.. Ermineskiu's Band, Hobbema Agency, Alta., Ermineskin's Boarding School, Alta.. Escoumains Band, Que., Eskasoni Agency, Cape Breton County, N.S. R. S. McKenzie 96 Urbain Verreau 175 Jas. Farrell 59 See .side heading ' Education ' in each Indian Agent's report; also pages 281- 4.^)0, Part 1, and pages 2-25, Part II. R. A. Irving 56 56 A. E. Wilson 309 Return of Officers and Employees, Part II, pages 11.3-129. t'rbain Verreau 175 Geo. G. Mann 178 Rev. R. L. Dauphin, O.M.I 367 A . Gagnon 53 A. J. McNeil, M.D 63 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS Falher, Rev. C, O.M.I., Farrell, James, Ferrier, Rev. T., File Hills Bands, Qu'Appelle Agency, Sask., Boarding School, Sask., Fischer, Fred., Fisher River Band, Man., Fishing Lake Band, Touchwood Hills Agency Sask., Fleetham, T. J., Flying Post Band, Ont., Fort Alexander Band, Man., '' Boarding School, Man., Fort Chipewyan Boarding School, Alta., Fort Frances Agency, Manitoba Suptcy., Boarding School, Man., Fort William Band, Ont., " Boarding School, Ont., Fraser Eiver Agency, B.C., Frog Lake Band, Onion Lake Agency, Sask. 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 F. Lesser Slave Lake R. C. Boarding School, Alta .. 370 Northern and Southwestern Divisions of New Brunswick 59 Brandon Industrial School, Man 307 H. Nichol 158 Jennie Cunningham 327 Pas Agency, Sask 149 C. C. Calverley 101 W. Murison 162 Stony Agency, Alta 192 H. A. West 3 J. O. Lewis 86 Rev. Ph. Geelen, O.M.I 298 Sr. M. McDougall 370 J. P. Wright 87 Rev. M. Kalmes 300 Neil McDougall 30 Sister M. T. Clare 281 R. C. McDonald 220 W. Sibbald 146 Gagnon, Adolphe, Galbraith, R. L. T., Gale, Gervase Edward, Gambler's Band, Birtle Agency, Man., Garden Eiver Band, Ont., Geelen, Rev. Ph., O.M.I., George Gordan's Band, Touchwood Hills Agency, Sask., Gtorge, Rev. T. T., Georgina Island, Ont., Chippewas, Gibson (or Watha) Band, Ont., Golden Lake Agency, Ont., Gooderham, J. H., Gordon's Band, Touchwood Hills Agency, Sask., Gordon's Boarding School, Sask., Gore Bay Agency, Ont., Graham, Duncan, Graham, W. M., Grand Rapids Band, Man., Grand River, Ont., Six Nations, Grant, W. S., Grassy Narrows Ba'nd, Ont., . Green, Rev. A. E., Guysborough County, N.S., Micmacs, Hagan, Samuel, Halifax County, N.S., Micmacs, Halliday, W. M., Hanson, Thos., M.D., Hants County, N.S., Micmacs, Harlow, Charles, Hay River Boarding School, Mackenzie Dis- trict, Haynes, Rev. W. R., Hendry, W. A., Henvey Inlet Band, Ont., Heron, R. B., High River Industrial School, Alta., Hipson, John, Hobbema Agency, Alta., Hollies, J., HoUowwater River Band, Man., Hugonard, Rev. J., Hungry Hall Bands, Ont., Hurons of Lorette, Que., G. Bersimis Agency, Lower St. Lawrence . . 53 Kootenay Agency, B.C 240 Blood C. E. Boarding School, Alta 3G2 G. H. Wheatley 80 Wm. L. Nichols 27 Fort Alexander Boarding School, Man. 298 Same as Gordon's Band 160 Mount Elgin Industrial Institute, Ont. 288 John Yates 7 D. F. Macdouald 32 Martin MuUin 12 Blaekfoot Agency, Alta 170 W. Murison 160 M Williams 329 Robert Thorburn 13 Chippewas of Rama, Ont 9 South Saskatchewan Inspectorate, Agencies 169 South Saskatchewan Inspectorate, Schools 358 C. C. Calverlev 103 Gordon J. Smith 35 Assiniboine Agency, Sask 122 R. S. McKenzie 99 Inspection of Schools, B.C 429 .John R. McDonald 63 H. Thessalon Agency, Ont 40 Daniel Chisholm 68 Kwawkewlth Agency, B.C 244 Medical Report 121 A. Wallace 69 Micmacs of Queens and Lunenburg Coun- ties, N.S 72 Rev. A. J. Vale 391 Peigan C. E. Boarding School, Alta.. .. 372 Portage la Prairie Boarding School, Man. 305 D. F. Macdonald 34 Regina Industrial School, Sask 346 Rev. J. Riou 385 Micmacs of Shelburne County, N.S.. .. 74 G. G. Mann 178 Sioux Agency, Man 109 C. C. Calverley 100 Qu'Appelle Industrial School, Sask.. .. 345 J. P. Wright 87 A. O. Bastion 47 GENERAL INDEX SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Indian Island Band, N.B., Indian Reserve Commissioner, B.C., Indian Superintendent for B.C., N.S., Indian Trust Fund Accounts, Industries, Inspection of Agencies, Inspection of Schools, Inverness County, N.S., Micmacs, Troquois of Caughnawaga. Que., Iroquois of St. Eegis, Que., Irving, R. A., Irwin, Archibald, Islington Band, Oat., R. A. Irving 57 A. W. Vowell 265 261 A. J. Boyd 76 Summary, Part 11. paw 132. See side heading in each report ' Occupa- tions and nami>- uf iiulustries. See ' W. J. Chisholm,' ' W. M. Graham,' ' J. A. Markle,' ' Rev. J. Semmens ' and ' S. Swinford.' See ' W. J. Chisholm,' ' W. M. Graham,' ' Rev. A. E. Green,' ' J. A. Markle ' and ' Rev. J. Semmens.' Rev. 1). Macl'herson ?0 .T. Blain 48 George Long 49 Northeastern Division of New Brunswick 56 Kamloops-Okanagan Agency, B.C 229 R. S. McKenzie 95 J. Jackhead Band, Man., C. C. Calverley 101 James Seenum's Band or Whitelish Lake J. Battv 189 Band, Alta., James Smith's Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask., J. Macarthur 141 John Smith's Baud, Duck Lake Agency, Sask., " 141 Joseph's Band, Edmonton Agency, Alta., Urbain Verreau 177 K. Kahkewistahaw Band, Crooked Lake Agency, Sask., Kalmes, Rev. M., Kamloops Industrial School, B.C., Kamloops-Okanagan Agency, B.C., Keeheewin Band, Onion Lake Agency, Sask., Keenoshayo's Band, Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alta., Kecseekoose Band, Pelly Agency, Sask., Keeseekouse Boarding School, Sask., Keeseokooweuin'-! Band, Birtle Agency, Man., Kenemotayoo's Band, Carlton Agency, Sask., Kenora Agency, Man. Suptcy., " Boarding School, Ont., Key Band, I'elly Agency, Sask., King, Geo. Ley, Kings County, N.S., Micmacs, Kingsclear Band, N.B., Kinistino Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask., Kootenay Agency, B.C., Industrial School, B.C., Kopwayawakenuni Band, Battleford Agency, Sask., Kuper Island Industrial School, B.C., Kwawkewlth Agency, B.C., M. Millar 136 Fort Frances Boarding School, Ont. . . 300 Rev. A. M. Carion, O.M.I 418 A. Irwin 229 W. Sibbald 147 W. B. L. Donald, M.D 180, 183 W. G. Blewett 154 Rev. J. Decorby, O.M.I 330 G. H. Wheatlev 79 Thos. Borthwick 133 R. S. McKenzie 91 Rev. P. Bousquet, O.M.I 301 W. G. Blewett 154 Shingwauk and Wawanosh Homes, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont 290 C. E. Beckwith 70 .Tas. Farrell 60 ,T. Macarthur 142 R. L. T. Galbraith 240 Rev. Jas. Wagner, O.M.I 421 J. P. G. Day 129 Rev. P. Claissen 423 W. M. Halliday 244 Lac des Mi'le Lacs Band, Ont., Lac la Biche Band, Saddle Lake Agency, Alta., Lac la Croix Band, Ont., Lac la Kongo Boarding School, Sask., Lac Seul Band, Ont., Lacy, John, Lake Manitoba Inspectorate— Schi, Is, R. S. McKenzie 97 J. Batty 189 J. P. Wright 90 Jas. Brown 333 R. S. McKenzie 98 Micmacs of Annapolis County, N.S 62 S. Swinford 317 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS Ij— Concluded. 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Lake St. John, Que., Montagnais, " Superior, Ojibbewas, " Timiskaming Band, Que., Two Mountains Band, Que., " Winnipeg Inspectorates, " " and Kenora Inspectorate — Schools, Lauds, La Plonge Boarding School, Sask., Lennox Island Band, P.E.I., Leonard, Rev. G., O.M.I., Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alta., R.C. Boarding School, Alta., LeVern, Eer. J. L., O.M.I., Lewis, J. O., Little Bone Band, Crooked Lake Agency, Sask., Little Forks Band, "Ont., Little Grand Rapids Band, Man., Little Pine Band, Battleford Agency, Sask., Little Red River Band, Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alta., Logan, Robert, Long, George, Long Lake Band. Ont., Long Sault Bands, Ont., Lorenz, E., Lorette, Que., Hurons, Loring, Richard K, Lousley, J. A., Liiiienhurg County, N.S., Micmacs, Lytton Industrial School. B.C., Armand Tessier 52 Sec ' Ojibbewas '. A. Burwash 55 .Tos. Perillard 49 See ' North Lake Winnipeg ' and ' South Lake Winnipeg' Inspectorates. Rev. John Semmens 313 See ' Indian Land Statement,' Part II, , pages 26-8. Rev. F. Ancel, O.M.I 3.31 .T. O. Arseuault 7S Sandy Bay Boarding School, Alta 306 W. B. L. Donald, M.D 180, 183 Rev. C. Falher, O.M.I 370 Crowfoot Boarding School, Alta 366 Clandeboye Agency, Man 83 M. Millar 137 J. P. Wright 88 C. C. Calverley 102 J. P. G. Day 126 W. B. L. Donald, M.D 181-5 Portage la Prairie and Manitowapah Agencies 105 Iroquois of St. Regis, Que 49 Neil McDougall 28 J. P. Wright 88 Northwest Coast Agency, B.C 248 A. O. Bastien 47 Babine and Upper Skeena River Agency, B.C 204 Norway House Boarding School, Kee . . 303 Charles Harlow 72 Rev. Geo. Ditcham 426 Mac. or Mc. Macarthur, J., McCaffrey, W. J., Macdonaid, A. J., Macdonald, D. F., McDonald, A. R., McDonald, J. R., McDonald, R. C, McDougall, J. B., McDougall, Neil, McFarlane, Wm., McGibbon, Chas., Mclutyre, D. K., M.D., Mclver, John, McKay, Rev. H., McKenzie Robert S., McLaren, W. W., McLean, J. K., D.L.S., MacLeod, Rev. J. D., McMillan, M. D., McNeil, A. J., M.D., M.Xrlll, A. J.. MacPherson, Rev. Donald, McWhinney, Rev. W., Duck Lake Agency, Sask 1.39 Algonquins of River Desert, Que 45 Micmacs of Victoria County, N.S - 74 Parry Sound Superintendency 31 Moravians of the Thames, Oiit 26 Micmacs of Antigonish and Guysborough Counties, N.S 63 Fraser River Agency, B.C 220 Walpole Island Agency, Ont 42 Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, Western Division 28 Mississaguas of Rice and Mud Lakes, Ont. 22 Chippewas of Christian Island, Ont.. .. 6 Sydney Agency, Cape Breton County, N.S. 64 Chippewas of Nawash, Cape Croker, Ont. 8 Round Lake Boarding School, Sask.. .. 340 Kenora and Savanne Agencies 91 Birtle Boarding School, Man 295 Survey Report ]21 Micmacs of Pictou County, N.S 71 Micmacs of Richmond County, N.S 73 Eskasoni Agency, Cape Breton, N.S.. .. 63 Sarcee Agency, Alta 190 Micmacs of Inverness County, N.S.. .. 70 Crowstand Boarding School, Sask 323 M. Maganatawan Band, Ont., Manitou Rapids Band, Ont., Manitoulin Island, unceded, Mauitowaning Agency, Ont., O. F. INIacdonald and C. L. I). Sims.. .. 33,17 J. P. Wright 88 C. L. D. Sims 19 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 GENERAL IXDEX M — Concluded. Manitowapah Agency, Man., Mauiwaki Reserve, Que., Mann, George G., Maria, Que., Micmacs, Markle, J. A., Matachewan Band, Out., Matheson, Eer. E., Matheson, Rev. J. R., Mattagami Band, Ont., Maurus, Rev. P., O.S.B., Medical Report, Metlakatla Band, Northwest Coast Agency, B.C., Michel's Band, Edmonton Agency, Alta., Miihipicoten Band, Ont., Micmacs of Annapolis County, N.S., " Antigonish County, N.S., Cape Breton County, N.S., " Colchester County, N.S., Cumberland County, N.S., Digby County, N.S., " Guvsborough County, N.S., Halifax Countv, N.S., Hants County, N.S., " Inverness County, N.S., " Kings County, N.S., " Lunenburg County, X.S., " Maria, Que., " Pictou County, N.S., " Prince Edward Island, " Queens County, N.S., " Restigouche, Que., " Richmond County, N.S., Shelburue County, N.S., " Victoria County, N.S., Yarmouth Countv, N.S., Millar, Eev. J. L., B.A., Millar, Matthew, Miugan Agency, Que., Missinaibi Band, Ont., Mississagi River Band, Ont., Mississaguas of Alnwick, Ont., the Credit, Ont., " Mud Lake, Ont., " Rice Lake, Ont., Scugog, Ont., Mistawasis Band, Carlton Agency, Sask., Mohawk Institute, Brantford, Ont., Mohawks of the Bay of Quiute, Ont., Moutagnais of Lake St. John, Que., Montagnais of Lower St. Lawrence, Ber- simis Agency, Que., Montagnais of Lower St. Lawrence, Min- gan Agency, Que., Montana Reserve, Hobbema Agency, Alta., Montreal Lake Band, Carlton Agency, Sask., Moose Lake Band, Sask., Moose Mountain Agency, Sask., Moosejaw Sioux, Sask., Moosomin Band, Battleford Agency, Sask., Moravians of the Thames, Ont., Morell Band, P.E.I., Morin, Rev. J. D., Motion, .las. R., Mount Elgin Industrial Institute, Ont., Mud Lake, Ont., Mississaguas, MuUin, Martin, Munsees of the Thames, Ont., Murison, W., Muscowequan Band, Sask., Boarding School, Sask., Muscowpetung Band, Qu'Appelle Agency, Sask., K. Logan 107 W. J. McCaffrey 43 Hobbema Agency, Alta 1"8 Rev. J. D. Morin 50 Alberta Inspectorate — Agencies 193 Schools 387 Geo. P. Cockburn 39 Battleford Industrial Srhool, Sask 343 Onion Lake C. E. Boarding School, Sask. .339 H. A. West 3 Clayoquot Industrial School, B.C 413 Peter H. Bryce, M.D 267 Thos. Hanson, M.D 121 E. Lorenz 2.51 Urbain Verreau 176 Wm. L. Nichols 28 John Lacy 62 John R. McDonald 63 n. K. Mclntvre and A. J. McNeil.. ..64,63 Robert H. Smith 66 r. A. Rand 67 Jas. H. Purdy 68 John R. McDonald 63 Daniel Chisholm 68 A. Wallace 69 Rev. D. MacPherson 70 Charles E. Beckwith 70 Charles Harlow 72 Rev. J. D. Morin 50 Rev. J. D. MacLeod 71 J. O. Arsenault 78 Charles Harlow 72 J. Pitre 51 M. D. McMillan 73 John Hipson 74 A. J. Macdonald 74 Wm. H. Whalen 75 Ahousaht Boarding School, B.C 395 Crooked Lake Agency, Sask 136 J. E. Tremblav, M.D 54 H. A. West 1 S. Hagan 40 John Thackeray 20 W. C. Van Loon 21 Wm. McFarlane 23 22 A. W. Williams 23 Thos. Borthwick 132 Rev. R. Ashton 285 .los. R. Staintou 24 Armand Tessier 52 A. Gagnon 53 J. E. Tremblay, M.D .54 George G. Mann 178 Thos. Borthwick 134 Fred. Fischer 149 Thos. Cory 143 W. S. Grant 121 J. P. G. Day 128 A. R. McDonald 26 J. O. Arsenault 78 Micmacs of Maria, Que 50 Alberui Boarding School, B.C 397 Rev. T. T. George 288 Wm. Mcl'arlane 23 Golden Lake Agency, Out 12 S. Sutherland 5 Touchwood Hills Agency, Sask 159 W. Murison 159 Eev. J. E. S. Thibaudeau, O.M.I 336 H. Nichol 15G XIV DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Hf. Nanaimo Band, Cowichan Agency, B.C., Neill, Alan W., New Brunswick, New Brunswick House Band, Ont., Niacatchewenin Band, Ont., Nichol, H., Nichols, Wm. L., Nickickousemenecaning Band, Ont., Nipigon Band, Ont., Nipissing Band, Ont., Nisbet, William, North Lake Winnipeg Inspectorate — Agencies, North Saskatchewan Inspectorate — Agencies, " Schools, North Sydney Band, N.S., Northwest Angle Bands, Ont.. and Man., Northwest Coast Agency, B.C., North Lake Winnipeg Inspectorate, Norway House Agency, Manitoha Suptcy., Band, Kee., " Boarding School, Kee., Nova Scotia, Nut Lake Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask., W. R. Robertson 217 West Coast Agency, B.C 255 •Jus. Farrell and R. A. Irving 59, 5B H. A. West 3 J. P. Wright 89 Qu'Appelle Agency, Sask 155 Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, Eastern Division 27 J. P. Wright 89 Neil McDougall ' 29 Gen. P. Cockburn 37 Chippewas of Sarnia 10 Rev. .Tohn Semmens 113 W. J. Chisholm 163 349 D. K. Mclntyre, M.D 65 R. S. McKenzie 93 K. Lorenz 248 John Semmens 113 C. C. Calverley 99 103 J. A. Lousley 303 Srf under names of Counties, also under ' Micmacs.* A. .T. Bovd. Supt. for the Province .... 76 .1. Maearthur 142 O. Oak Lake (Sioux) Baud, Man., Oak River (Sioux) Band, Man., Obidgewong Band, Ont., Ochapowace Band, Crooked Lake Agency, Sask., Oificers, Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, Eastern Divi- sion, O.iibbewas of Lake Superior, Western Divi- sion, Ojibbewas of Mississagi River, Ont., Oka Band, Que., Okanagan Agency, B.C., Okemassis' Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask. Old Sun's Boarding School, Blackfoot Re- serve, Alta., One Arrow's Band, Duck Lake Agency, Sask., Oneidas of the Thames, Ont., O'Neill, Rev. J. P., O.M.I., Onion Lake Agency, Sask., " Band. Sask., C.E. Boarding School, Sask., R.C. Boarding School, Sask., Oromocto Band, N.B., .T. Hollies Ill 109 Robert H. Thorburn 14 M. Millar 136 Return of Officers and Employees, Part 11, pages 113-129. Wm. L. Nichols 27 Neil McDougall 28 S. Hagan 40 ,T. Perillard 49 See ' Kamloops-Okanagan ' 229 J. Maearthur 140 H. W. Gibbon Stocken 371 .T. Maearthur 140 S. Sutherland 4 St. Mary's Mission Boarding School, B.C 406 W. Sibbald 144 144 Rev. .T. R. Matheson 339 Hev. E. ,T. Cunningham, O.M.I 337 .las. Farrell 61 Parry Island Band, Ont., Parry Sound Superintendency, Out., Pas Agency, Sask., " Band, Sask., Pasqua Band, Qu'Appelle Agency, Sask., Paul, Hannah M., Paul's Baud, Edmonton Agency, Alta., Pays Plat Band, Out., Peace River Crossing or Landing, Alta., Peigan Agency, Alta., '^ C. E. Boarding School, Alta., E. C. Boarding School, Alta., D. V. Macdonald 31 31 Fred. Fischer 149 1.50 H. Nichol 157 Port Simpson Girls' Home, B.C 400 Tlrbain Verrcau 177 Neil McDougall 30 W. B. L. Donald, M.D 181, 184 E. H. Yeomaus 186 Rev. W. R. Haynes 372 Rev. L. Doucet, O.M.I 373 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 GENERAL INDEX P — Concluded. Pekanfiekum Band, Man., Pelly Agency, Sask., Perillard, Jos., Perrault, Rev. S., O.M.I., Petequakev's Band, Carlton Agency, Sask., Piapot Band, Qu'Appelle Agency, Sask., Pic Band, Ont., Pictou County, N.S., Micmacs, Pierreville, Que., Seigniory, Pine Creek Boarding School, Man., Pitre. Jeremie, Point Grondiu Band, Ont., Poor Man's Band, Touchwood Hills Agency, Sask., Poplar Kiver Band, Kee., Population, Port Simpson Band, Northwest Coast Agency, B.C., Port Simpson Boys' Boarding School, B.C., Girls' Home, B.C., Portage la Prairie Agency, Man., " " Boarding School, Man., " " Sioux Band, Pottawattamies of Walpole Island, Ont., Poundmaker Band, Battleford Agency, Sask., Prince Edward Island, Providence Mission Boarding School, Macken- zie River District, Purdy, James H., C. C. Calverley 102 W. G. Blewett 153 Lake of Two Mountains Band, Que.. .. 49 Cowessess Boarding School, Sask 321 Thos. Borthwick 132 H. Nichol 15.5 Neil McDougall 2D Rev. J. D. MacLeod 71 See ' Abenakis of St. Francis ' H Kev. W. Chaumont 304 Micmacs of Restigouche, Que 51 C. L. D. Sims 16 W. Murison 161 C. C. Calverley 103 See ' Census return,' Part II, pages 29-56, also side heading ' Vital Statistics ' in each report. E. Lorenz 251 Geo. H. Ralev 398 Hannah M. Paul 400 R. Logan 105 W. A. Hendry 305 R. Logan 106 J. B. McDougall 42 J. P. G. Day 126 J. O. Arseneault, Superintendent foi the ■ Province 78 Sisters of Charity 394 Micmacs of Digby County, N.S 68 Q. Qu'Appelle Agency, Sask., " Industrial School, Sask., Queens County, N.S., Micmacs, H. Nichol 155 Eev. J. Hugonard 345 Chas. Harlow 72 Raley, Geo. H., Rama, Ont., Chippeweis, Rand, F. A., M.D., Rat Portage Band, Ont., Red Bank Band, N.B., Red Deer Industrial School. Alta., Rtd Earth Band, Sask., Rtd Pheasant Band, Battleford Agency, Sask., Red River Band, Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alta., Red Rock Band, Ont., Regina Industrial School, Sask., Reid, J. L.. D.L.S., Religion, Restigouche Band, Que., Rice Lake, Ont.. Mississaguas, Richmond Countv, N.S., Micmacs, Riou. Rev. J.. O.M.I., River Desert Band, Que., Robertson. W. R., Rclling River Band. Birtle Agency, Man., Round Lake Boarding School, Sask., Port Simpson Boys' Boarding School, B.C 398 Duncan Graham 9 Micmacs of Cumberland County, N.S. .. 67 E S. McKenzie 91 R. A. Irving 57 Eev. Arthur Barner 382 Fred. Fischer 151 J P. G. Day 124 W. B. L. Donald 181, 185 Neil McDougall 30 R. B. Heron 346 Survey Report 203 See ' Census Return,' Part II, pages 29-56. J. Pitre 51 Wm. McFarlane 22 M. D. McMillan 73 High River Industrial School, Alta 385 W. J. McCaffrey 45 Ccwichan Agency, B.C 213 G. H. Wheatley 80 Eev. H. McKay 340 St. St. Albert Boarding School, Alta., St. Francis, Que., Abenakis, St. .Joseph's Boarding School, Fort William, Ont, Sister M. A. Carroll A. O. Coraire. M.D. .. Sister M. F. Clare . 376 44 284 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 St.— Concluded. St. Marj''s Baud, Kootenay Agency, B.C., R L. T. Galbiaith 240 Band, N.B., James Farrell 61 Mission Boarding School, B.C., Eev. J. P. O'Neill, O.M.I 406 St Peter's Band, Man., J. 0. Lewis 83 St. Kegis, Que., Iroquois, Geo. Long 49 S. Saddle Lake Agency, Alta., Band, Alta., Sakimay's Band, Crooked Lake Agency, Sask. Salaun, Rev. J. M., Samson's Eeserve, Hobbema Agency, Alta., Sandy Bay Boarding School, Man., Sanitation, Sarcee Agency, Alta., " Boarding School, Alta., Sarnia, Ont., Chippewas, Savanne Agency, Ont., Saugeen, Ont., Chippewas, Schools, Scoffield, .John, Scugog, Ont., Mississaguas, Sechelt Boarding School, B.C., Seine River Band, Ont., Semmens, Rev. John, Serpent River Band, Ont., Seven Islands Band, Out., Shawauaga Band, Ont., Sheguiandah Band, Ont., Shelburne County, N.S., Micmacs, Sheshegwaning Band, Ont., Shingwauk and Wawanosh Homes, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., Shoal Lake Bands, Man., " Band, Sask., Sibbard, W., Sims, C. L. D., tjioux Agency, Man., Sister M. A. Carroll, " M. F. Clare, " Superior Constance, " Mary Amy, " Mary Flore, M. McDougall, " Theresine, Sisters of Charity, " of St. Joseph, Si.x Nations of the Grand River, Ont., Smith, Gordon J., Robert H., Snake Island, Ont., Chippewas, Soanes, P. B., Songhees Baud, Cowichan Agency, B.C., South Bay Band, Ont., '^nuth Lj>ke Winnipeg Inspectorate — Agencies, South Saskatchewan Inspectorate — Agencies, " " " Schools, Spallumcheen Band, Kamloops-Okanagan Agency, B.C., Spanish River Band, Ont., Squamish Boarding School, B.C., Stainton, Jos. R., Standing Buffalo Band, Qu'.Appelle Agency, Sask., Stangecoming Band, Ont., J. Batty 188 " 188 M Millar".."..".".'.'.'.".".'.'.'.' .'.' .'." " 137 Blood R.C. Boarding School, Alta 364 George Mann 178 Rev. G. Leonard, O.M.I 306 See side heading ' Health and Sanita- tion ' in each report, also medical re- ports, pages 121, 267. A J. McNeill 190 Ven. Archdeacon Tims 374 Wm. Nisbet 10 R. S. McKenzie 96 .lohn Scoffield 34 See side heading ' Education * in each re- port, also pages 281-450, Part I, and pages 2-25, Part II. Chippewas of Saugeen 34 A. W. Williams 23 Sister Theresine 402 J. P. Wright 90 North Lake Winnipeg Inspectorate — Agencies 113 Lake Winnipeg and Kenora Inspector — ate — Schools 313 S. Hagan 41 J. E. Tremblay, M.D 54 1). F. Macdonald 32 C. L. D. Sims 19 John Hipson 74 Rc^bert Thorburn 14 Geo. Ley King 290 R. S. McKenzie 92 Fred Fischer 151 Onion Lake Agency, Sask 144 Manitowaning Agencv, Ont 15 J. Hollies 109 St. Albert Boarding School, Alta 376 Fort William Boarding School, Ont.. .. 284 All Hallows Boarding School, Yale, B.C.. 409 Squamish Boarding School, B.C 401 Wabiskaw R. C. Boarding School, Alta.. 379 Fort Chippewan Boarding School, Alta.. 368 Sechelt Boarding School, B.C 402 Providence Mission Boarding School, Mackenzie River District 394 St. Joseph's Indian Home, Ont 284 Gordon J. Smith 35 Six Nation Indians, Ont 35 Micmacs of Colchester County, N.S.. .. 66 John Yates 7 Chapleau Boarding School, Ont 283 W. R. Robertson 214 C. L. D. Sims 19 S. Swinford 117 W. M. Graham 169 358 A. Iriviii 238 S. TIasr:iM and C. L. U. Sims 41,17 Sister Mary Amy 404 Mohawks of the Bav of Quinte 24 H. Nichol ■ 157 J. P. Wright 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 GENERAL INDEX S — Concluded. Statistics, Agricultural and Industrial, Statistics, Vital, Stikine Agency, B.C., Stocken, H. W. Gibbon, Stony Agency, Alta., " " Bands, Battleford Agency, Sask., Plain Band, Edmonton Agency, Alta., Sturgeon Falls AgencT, Ont., Lake Band, Ont., " Lake Band, Carlton Agency, Sask., " Lake Band, Lesser Slave Lake Agency Alta., " Lake Boarding School, Alta., Sucker Creek Band, Ont., " " Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alta., Sucker Lake Band, Ont., Survey Report, Sutherland, S., Sweet Grass Band, Battleford Agency, Sask., Swinford, S., S>dnpy Agency, Cape Breton County, N.S., " Band, Cape Breton County, N.S., See ' Agricultural and Industrial Statis- tics,' Part II, pages 57-111. See side heading ' Vital Statistics,' in each report. Part I ; also ' Census Re- turn,' Part II, pages 29-56. G. D. Cos 254 Blackfoot Boarding School, Alta 371 T. J. Fleetham 192 J. P. G. Day.. 127 Sdinc (IS Enoch's Band 175 Geo. P. Cockburn 37 J. P. Wright 90 Thos. Borthwick 131 ,W. B. L. Donald, M.D 182-6 Rev. ,T. Calais, O.M.I 375 C. L. D. Sims 18 .W. B. L. Donald, M.D 180, 183 C. L. D. Sims 18 J. K. McLean, D.L.S 121 J. L. Reid, D.L.S 203 Chippewas, Munsees and Oneidas of the Thames 4 J. P. G. Day - 125 Lake Manitoba Inspectorate — Schools. . . . 317 South Lake Winnipeg Inspectorate — Agencies 117 D. K. Mclntyre, M.D 64 64 T. Tahgaiwinini Band, Ont., Temagami Band, Ont., Tessier, Armand, Thackeray, John, Thames River, Ont., Chippewas, " " Moravians, " " Munsees, " " Oneidas, Thessalon Agency, Ont., River Band, Ont., Thibaudeau, Rev. J. E. S., O.M.I., Thorburn, Robert, Thunderchild Band, Battleford Agency, Boarding School, Sask., Timiskaming Agency, Que., Tims, Ven. Archdeacon J. W., Tobique Band, N.B., "Touchwood Hills Agency, Sask., Treaty No. 8, Tremblay, J. E., M.D., Turtle Mountain (Sioux) Band, Man., Tuscarora Township, Mississaguas, " " Six Nations, Tyendinaga Band, Ont., Sask. C. L. D. Sims 17 Geo. P. Cockburn .39 Montagnais of Lake St. .John, Que 52 Mississaguas of Alnwick, Ont 20 S. Sutherland 5 A. R. McDonald 26 S. Sutherland 5 4 S. Hagan 40 40 Muscowequan Boarding School, Touch- wood Hills, Sask 336 Gore Bay Agency, Ont 13 J. P. G. Day 128 Rev. H. Delmas, O.M.I 341 A. Bur wash 55 Saicee Boarding School, Alta 371 Jas. Farrell 60 W. Murison 159 H. A. Conroy 197-9 Mingan Agency, Lower St. Lawrence. ... 54 J. Hollies Ill W. C. Van Loon 21 Gordon J. Smith 33 .Jos. R. Stainton 24 Vale, Rev. A. J., Valley River Band, Man., Van Loon, W. C, Vcrreau, Urbain, Vermilion Baud, Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alta., Victoria County, N.S., Micraacs, Viger, Que., Amalecites, Vowell, Arthur W., Hay River Boarding School, Mackenzie River District 391 .T G. Chard 112 Mississaguas of the Credit, Ont 21 Edmonton Agency, Alta 175 W. B. L. Donald, M.D 181, 184 A. J. Macdonald 74 Edouard Beaulieu 46 Indian Reserve Commissioner, B.C. .. 265 Indian Superintendent for B.C 261 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 W. Wabigoon Band, Ont., Wabiskaw Band, Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alta., Lake, C. E. Boarding School, Alta., Lake R.C. Boarding School, Alta., Wabuskang Band, Ont., Wagner, Rev. Jas., O.M.I., Wahpaton Band, Carlton Agency, Sask., Wallace, Alonzo, Walpole Island Agency, Ont., Watha (or Gibson) Band, Ont., Wawanosh Home. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., Waywayseecappo's Band, Birtle Agency, Man., West, H. A., West Bay Band, Ont., West Coast Agency, B.C., Whalen, Wm. H., Wheatley, G. H., White, C. D., White Eagle's Boarding School, Blackfoot Reserve, Alta., Whitefish Bay Band, Ont., " Lake Band, Ont., " Lake Band, Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Alta., " Lake Boarding School, Alta., " River Band, Ont., Wikwemikong Industrial School, Ont., Wild Land Reserve, Ont., Williams, A. W., M.. " Lake Agency, B.C., Industrial School, B.C., Wilson, A. E., R. N., Woodstock Band, N.B.. Wright, John P., R S. McKenzie 97 W. B. L. Donald 182-5 W. F. Broadstock 378 Sister Mary Flore 379 R. S. McKenzie 98 Kcotenay Industrial School, B.C 4-21 Thos. Borthwick 134 Micmacs of Hants County, N.S 69 .1 B. McDougall 42 D. F. Macdonald 32 Geo. Ley King "290 G H. Wheatley 79 Chapleau Agency, Ont 1 Robert Thorburn 14 Alan W. Neill 255 Micmacs of Yarmouth County, N.S 75 Birtle Agency, Man 78 Whitefish Lake Boarding School, Alta. 380 H. W. Gibbon Stocken 371 R. S. McKenzie 95 C. L. D. Sims It- W. B. L. Donald, M.D 182-5 C. D. White 380 W. B. L. Donald, M.D 15 Rev. Th. Couture, S.J 292 J P. Wright 88 Mississaguas of Scugog, Ont '3 Gordon's Boarding School, Sask 329 (No report — agent died.) Rev. H. Boening 427 Elkhorn Industrial School, Man S09 Blood Agency, Alta 172 James Farrell 60 Fort Frances Agency, Man. Suptcy. .. 87 T. Yale (All Hallows) Boardin.; School, B.C., Yarmouth County, N.S., Micmacs, Yates, John, Yeomans, E. H., Sister Superior Constance 409 Wm. H. Whalen 75 Chippewas of Georgina and Snake Is- lands, Ont 7 Peigan Agency, Alta 186 9-10 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1910 REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31, 1909 Department of Ikdiax Affairs^ Ottawa, July 16, 1909. The Hon. Frank Oliver, Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sm, — I have the honour to submit the report of the Department of Indian Affairs for the year ended March 31, 1909, and for detailed information to refer you to the re- ports from the various officials and agents, as well as to the statistical statements here- with presented. It is gratifying to be in a position on the threshold to anticipate so far as to observe that the flow of general prosperity which as a rule attends Indian affairs, but was somewhat interrupted during the preceding year, in the course of that now under review, resumed its normal sway. In consequence of the considerable difference in the time during which the Indians of the younger and older provinces, respectively, have been in contact with civilization and the somewhat divergent character of that civilization, more or less marked distinc- tions exist in their condition and environment. To appreciate these differences, a somewhat close study of reports from the dis- tricts concerned is necessary, but speaking generally, it may be observed that in the younger provinces the large influx of settlement has recently introduced an element of life and activity which has strongly affected considerable numbers with regard to their methods of life, the main direction tending toward substitution of agricultural or other industry for more nomadic pursuits, of which hunting and fishing are the most conspicuous, and most markedly affected by advancing settlement. First contact with civilization rarely proves an unmixed blessing to aboriginal races, but the Indians now referred to, have for the most part been in sufficient touch 27— B XX DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 with the superior race to afford reasonable ground for expectation of that benefit ■which accrues after increased experience and more intimate and prolonged familiarity. Much depends not only upon the receptive preparation of the weaker individual or community, but also upon the class of settlement to the influences of which they become exposed. Incoming- settlement in these younger provinces is of course a diversified character that the effect of contact must for some time have a good deal of the experimental about it. Some prejudice, suspicion, and mistrust on both sides must have time to wear away, and on the one hand respect for existing class legislation must be learned, and on the other the power of resistance to unaccustomed temptation in various directions has to be acquired. When, however, both settlers and natives have had time to become familiar with what is more or less strange to both, there seems no more reason to fear a happy issue beneficial to all concerned, than has in the past resulted from more or less kindred conditions. It seems clear that there can be no stagnation in the condition of the Indians and that with regard to them both individually as communities or as a race, if there is no progression (however gradual and imperceptible it may be under certain circum- stances and at certain stages) there must inevitably sooner or later come retrogression. There are indications, however, that the stage attained by these Indians is far from that of stagnation, but rather one at which certain ambitions, cravings or in- stincts, whichever they may be called, have been checked in the desired direction of their development, and so far from becoming moribund, have gone astray in an effort to seek room for fruition in a wrong direction. Without pursuing this subject in other directions, it may suiEce for the present to show how the laws prevailing relative to self-government, to municipal and ulti- mately political ambition, seem to be working among the more developed of them. It seems strange and can not.be without significance, with what rare exceptions, Indian communities have refused to avail themselves of the provisions of the advance- ment part of the Indian Act, designed as a stepping stone to municipal government. It is not that the Indians lack the spirit of independence nor the desire to con- duct their own affairs, but that they fail to recognize the benefits likely to accrue from the adoption of the white man's methods. This, without question, largely results from the limitation of interests and ambitions imposed by the segregation of existence upon reserves, and as a natural consequence the somewhat ill-defined craving of the Indians for progress, rather seeks scope in the direction of an effort to return to the independence of the old tribal form of government, a desire which keeps cropping up afresh amongst communities possessed of most life and character, and which is often too hastily assumed to be a mark of retrogression on their part. REPORT OF TEE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xxi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 How this misdirected energy is to be guided into proper channels, how the reserve- imposed limitation of interest is to be broken down, seems a hard problem to solve; but it appears clear that one main factor will be found in simplifying measures for enfranchisement. Apart from retarding and apparently imnecessary complications und-^r the exist- ing system, there must be borne in mind the necessity for finding a way to enfranchise upon a more extended scale, and allow communities or parts thereof to thus afford to their individual members the necessary mutual moral support of numbers in venturing into new conditions. VITAL STATISTICS. Of the following tables the first shows the number of births and deaths by pro- vinces with the respective gains and losses ; the second the aggregate population throughout the Dominion as compared with that for the preceding fiscal year. It will be observed that the figures for the Yukon and the Northwest Territories outside of treaty limits remain unchanged, because it is not possible to secure a census annually, and alteration is only made from time to time as opportunity for correction may occur. Province. Births. Deaths. Gain. Loss. 614 269 72 37 6 651 315 261 170 2,395 585 235 63 20 8 737 224 165 179 2,216 29 34 9 17 Quebec Prince Kdward Island 2 86 91 96 Saskatchewan Alberta , 9 Net increase 276 97 179 07 Province. March, 1908 March, 1909 Increase. Decrease. Ontario 23,518 11,469 2,129 1,861 276 24,964 8,595 7,496 5,529 4,212 16,854 3,302 23,898 11,523 2,103 1,871 274 . 24,871 8,327 7,971 5,541 4,508 16,854 3,302 380 54 Quebec Xova Scotia . 26 New Brunswick 10 2 " British Columbia 93 475' 12 296 268 Alberta Northwest TeiTitories, inside Treaty limits Northwest Territories, outside Treaty limits Yukon . 110,205 111,043 1,227 389 389 Net increase 838 27— B* xxii DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 It is to the figures in the first table, viz., that of births as compared with deaths, that the greatest significance attaches, since they show the natural increase or de- crease of the race, and it is gratifying to those who feel an interest in its survival to find that there has again been an increase from this source amounting to 179 for the year. It is deserving of notice that the only province which shows any significant ex- ception to the general rule of increase is British Columbia, and it is regretted that some of the bands there manifest a lack of vital energy, which a few years ago was pointed out as the case with some other bands, more particularly in Alberta, which, however, have shovm signs of improvement, as it is hoped those in British Columbia referred to may also do. Infantile mortality and tuberculosis in some form or other have again contributed to keep this increase much below what it would otherwise have been; but, as pointed out in connection with the subject of health, there are causes operating which seem to furnish justification for the expectation that before long a decided improvement in this respect may be looked for. The net increase of the Indian population throughout the Dominion, as will be seen, has been some 838. Of these 1Y9 are as shown, from natural growth, and some 296 have occurred in the treaties recently made, leaving an increase of 363, which may be attributed to the usual fluctuation, or an excess of immigration over emigration, and to some extent to additions to the bands through marriages. HEALTH. The general health of the Indians seems to have been quite equal to, where not rather above, the average standard, during the year. Small-pox is always looked upon with a good deal of dread, and although the type of that disease which has for a few years past been breaking out here and there among the reserves has fortunately been a mild one, it has shown potentiality under favour- able conditions for considerably increasing the malignity of its form. No doubt the extent to which vaccination has been carried out among the Indians has had much to do with moderating the character and dissemination of the disease. On three reserves in Ontario some two or three cases occurred, but prompt action prevented further spread. The same remark applies to the Blackfoot reserve in Alberta and to Indian com- munities in Nova Scotia, the only difference worthy of mention being that in the last- named the type was considerably more severe. By far the most serious outbreak was in the Cowichan agency, in British Columbia, where more than a hundred cases occurred, but despite there having been a good many exceptions to the mildness of the prevailing character, it is very gratifying to notice that none ended fatally. Typhoid fever appeared at Lake Simcoe, and among the Six Nations twenty-six cases occurred, two of which unfortunately had a fatal termination. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xxiii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Whooping-cough broke out at the Pas, in Manitoba, and during the -winter among the children of the Assiniboine and some reserves in Duck Lake and Battleford agencies, where the form was mild ; but at Onion Lake, where it supervened upon measles, it developed into bronchial pneumonia, and a good deal of infantile mortality resulted. Measles, seldom dangerous of itself, is apt to be so among Indian children on account of lack of sufficient care when convalescing, and liability to complications ; and followed by grippe caused somewhat heavy fatality among the children of the Blackfeet. The only other point where measles proved serious was at Birtle, where it claimed Bome half-dozen victims. Grippe was more or less prevalent on some of the reserves in all the provinces, the points most seriously ailected having been at Hobbema, in Alberta, and Manitowapah, in Manitoba, and worst of all, Walpole Island, in Ontario, where a number of deaths resulted. Of course the extent to which various forms of ill health are prevalent during any single year is largely due to accident of exposure to infection and prevailing climatic conditions, and, while it is gratifying to find that the Indians were rather fortunate in these respects during the year, it is still more so to observe increasing improvement in the constitutional condition which tends to escape infection and resist attack and in no direction is this more noticeable than with regard to tubercular, scrofulous and kindred diseases, so prevalent among the Indians throughout the Dominion, and most marked at the earlier stages of contact with civilization. The main ameliorating factors are more liberal and wholesome diet, which to no small extent depends upon improved methods of cooking, the introduction of more space, light and ventilation into the houses, warmer clothing, and particularly more serviceable foot wear, greater cleanliness of habits with regard to person and surround- ings, and better attention to the instructions of medical advisers, all of which largely contribute to the building up of resisting tissue, the throwing off of attack, and the formation of conditions inimical to the propagation of disease germs. The invocation of the services of the native medical man is very rarely met with nowadays, and then almost entirely confined to districts remote from civilization, and may be attributed far more to a survival of superstitious fear of offending than to faith in his healing powers. DWELLINGS. Intimately connected vnth the health of the Indians is the character of their dwellings. The natural tendency is to overcrowd the houses and to exclude light and air, the effect of which in the propagation of disease germs is peculiarly disastrous upon a people among whom tuberculosis is so prevalent. XXIV DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 All that the first remove from the wigwam, teepee or tent to the little one-storey log cabin or hut, with its roof and iloor of mud, has to recommend it, is the fact that it forms the initial stage in that fixity of abode which is the first essential step to- wards civilization. In so far as concerns ventilation the change is distinctly disadvantageous and the superior cleanliness secured by more or less frequent change of site, over the accumu- lated filth of a stationary mud floor, is obvious. The most favourable stage for ven- tilation is that of the open fireplace and chimney, and before the introduction of stoves. Changes in these structures are necessarily very gradual. In the older provinces the type of dwelling generally prevalent, although some- what small, is fairly decent and comfortable, and for the most part is built of frame with thatched if not shingled roof, plank floor and manufactory doors and windows. In the prairie provinces where this type has not already been, it is fast being at- tained, while in British Columbia, imless at jwints remote from settlement where the old-fashioned rookeries still survive, the houses show a marked advance and can hold their own with, when they do not surpass, those of the settlers. Slow as improvement may be, the accumulated results are up to a certain standard very marked, and it is comparatively rarely that a new structure is not a distinct improvement on that which it supersedes, and increasing facilities for obtaining win- dows is leading to their greatly extended use. With regard to furniture, it is becoming quite exceptional to find any lack of such articles as beds, tables, chairs, stoves and other conveniences, while the area is fast increasing in which sewing-machines, musical instruments and other articles in- dicative of a certain amount of cultured taste, may be not uncommonly met with. In another essential direction fairly rapid progress is being made, viz., with re- gard to the partitioning of the interiors of the dwellings, and the separation of the sleeping accommodation of the sexes, the improving effect of which upon habits of decency and morality can be readily understood. In cleanliness of housekeeping very decided progress is being made, and doubtless there is no stronger factor in bringing about this desideratum than the instruction and habits acquired at the boarding and industrial school, although much of the credit is due to the wives of the farming instructors for their eiiorts in this direction. , AGRICULTURE. There has been during the year a very considerable increase in the earnings from agricultural produce, amounting to nearly $200,000, but that does not necessarily indi- cate more strenuous prosecution of the industry, since better seasons and increased market values may have most to do in producing the augmented value. More can be inferred from a comparison of the extent of area put under crop, and it will be no- ticed that the expansion was little short of 4,000 acres, and in so far as it has any significance, occurred in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xzv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 This is not unnatural, since it is in these provinces that the Indians are most exclusively dependent upon agriculture, and have comparatively few other directions in which to apply the habits of industry acquired in the pursuit of that avocation. There has not yet been time for the recently made treaties to increase the ranks of the farmers, but a good many of the hunting class find that the chase is becoming so curtailed and precarious as to render it necessary for them to turn to some more reliable occupation. The strongest operating cause seems to be the impetus given by increasing settle- ment which to some extent brings the Indian communities into sympathy with the prevailing interest which more and more environs them and greatly enhances the value of land in their eyes, and provides milling and marketing facilities which render farming more profitable. The position of the industry throughout the provinces, and its relative impor- tance in proportion to population in each can be readily gathered from a slight con- sideration of the following statistical table: — Province. Land cropped. Population. Grain and roots. i Hay. Value . Ontario Quebec Nova Scotia Acres. 17,662 4,651 251 494 45 8,876 6,046 10,894 3,980 23,898 11,523 2,103 1,871 274 24,871 8,327 7,971 5,541 Bush. 482,008 96,978 11,467 12,343 2,414 405,445 127,321 174,277 97,706 Tons. S cts. 41,305 575,527 00 19,339 140,848 00 910 15,174 00 276 6,745 00 Prince Edward Island 54 992 00 British Columbia 14,506 355,750 00 12.537 119 M7 on Saskatchewan . . Alberta 32,924 17,674 169,743 IM) 93,381 00 Totals, 1908 52,899 48,931 86,379 1,409,959 1,335,221 139,525 118 334 1,477,097 00 1 979 1 ^1 iin 3,968 74,738 21,191 I'ls sun 00 The character of the seasons had much to do in Ontario with producing the very satisfactory results of the year experienced in that province, for with hardly any ex- ception conditions for seeding and planting, growth, maturing and harvesting left little to be desired. In Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, the spring was on the whole very favourable for farming operations. For maturing the summer was too dry in parts of Quebec and in New Brunswick, but in other places the weather continued sufficiently propitious. Much as was the success which attended operations in the prairie provinces, it was materially reduced by a frost in the month of August, which was experienced over an extended area, although not with equal severity throughout. xxvi DEPARTMENT OF INDIA'N AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 In the districts in British Columbia where agriculture is practised the seasons were by no means unfavourable, notwithstanding some tendency to drought, but that was to a considerable extent overcome by means of irrigation. LIVE STOCK. Live stock, in the eastern provinces kept pretty much as a branch of mixed farming, but in the younger to a considerable extent as a separate industry, has as usual con- tributed its share towards the maintenance of the owners, and the extent to which this has been done during the year is shown by the following table. This does not include the value of milk, butter and cheese, which are being more and more extensively used by the Indians as articles of diet. VALUE OP BEEF CONSUMED AND SOLD. Ontario $ 45,553 00 Quebec 34,155 00 New Brunswick 5,600 00 Nova Scotia 1,445 00 Prince Edward Island 30 00 British Columbin 31,160 00 Manitoba 16,218 00 Saskatchewan 76,924 00 Alberta 45,854 00 Total, 1909 $256,939 00 Total, 1908 247,297 00 Increase 9,642 00 The year has, generally speaking, been a very favourable one for the maintenance of live stock, the winter season not having been a particularly trying one for the cattle, and the supply of hay having been fairly abundant. The Indians of the prairie provinces are discovering experimentally the value of cattle, and the economy of treating them properly; but with regard to providing shelter, they have a good deal yet to learn, although they are improving fast in this respect. Great care has still to be, and is exercised, to prevent the depletion of the herds by selling or beefing animals at an unproiitably early age, or cows required for breed- ing purposes, and as a general rule an Indian who is allowed to sell is required to devote a portion of the proceeds to the purchase of a young animal to replace the one disposed of, although of course much depends upon the number of animals possessed and its approximation to the limit of what can be profitably handled. In Ontario the winter was decidedly mild and with the exception of a few points, was short, while the haying season with respect to weather and grass crop was un- usually propitious. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xxvii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 In Quebec so far as concerned the character of the season, conditions were re- versed : a long cold winter having been experienced, but the supply of hay and the weather for putting it up were about the same as in Ontario, and as in that province the cattle wintered well. In the maritime provinces the winter without much severity was somewhat pro- longed, and the haying conditions were not quite so satisfactory as in Ontario and Quebec, but enough was secured to meet the requirements of the few animals kept, which wintered fairly well. In Manitoba the season was somewhat long, but not characterized by any par- ticular severity, and excepting at some few points where excessive rain-fall flooded the meadows, hay was abundant and easily cured and the cattle came through in good condition. In Alberta and Saskatchewan the winter, although perhaps a little late in start- ing, was decidedly prolonged, and generally speaking vei-y severe for a period of from six to eight weeks about the beginning of the year, but with little exception the grass was plentiful and the conditions for haymaking good, so that little cause for com- plaint existed with regard to the manner in which the cattle came through. In British Columbia the winter, although not unduly prolonged, was unusually severe, and particularly so about the middle thereof, and haying conditions were some- what unequal; but on the whole the live stock wintered fairly well. The usual care has been taken relative to maintaining, and where necessary im- proving, the breed of cattle on the reserves, and the policy of raising the standard of ponies to that of serviceable general purpose horses has been continued with satisfac- tory results. W.4GES AXD VARIOUS EARNINGS. There are three main classes of occupation to which the Indians devote their in- dustrial eiiorts, viz., agriculture, including the kindred branch of live stock, hunting and fishing, called natural resources, and various more or less desultory pursuits. It may be roughly estimated that about equal proportions, or 37 per cent, engage mainly in the respective avocations of agriculture and the prosecution of natural re- sources, and the balance of 26 per cent in general pursuits, but the cleavage between avocations is by no means an abrupt one, and one class of employment interlaps an- other according to local environment of communities. The following tables show the aggregate amounts furnished by these main classes of avocation and with regard to wages and various industries the earnings in the various provinces : — Agriculture $1,477,997 Beef 256,939 Wages 1,626,546 Various Industries 644,388 Fishing 510,419 Hunting and Trapping 616.834 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Province. Ontario Quebec New Brunswick Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island , British Columbia Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta 547,972 00 390,241 00 .57,150 00 25,075 00 80 00 462,713 00 01,224 00 44,719 00 37,372 00 Total, 1909 1,026,540 00 Total, 1908 1,060,21100 Decrease . 33,665 00 122, 98, 23, 24, 14, 191 27, 57, 84: t,536 00 ,208 00 650 00 ,195 00 ,480 00 714 00 015 00 ,919 00 ,611 00 644,388 00 666,249 00 21,861 00 Si)eaking generally, it will be found that any falling off in one direction results in increased exertion in another, and during the year under review the very considerable increase in proceeds from agriculture has to an extent been accompanied by reduction in other directions. It is almost superfluous to point out that strong sympathy exists in industrial directions between the general prosperity of the country and that of the aboriginal class. For examijle, when money is plentiful articles more or less nearly approaching luxuries are comparatively freely purchased and it can readily be seen how this must affect the sale of furs, the movements of tourists, upon which largely depends the market for Indian curios, the engagement of guides by fishing parties, the undertaking of municipal and other locally iniblic works which give emijloyment to many Indians, and in various other ways matters with which the welfare of the Indians is intimately connected. For a year or two there was such phenomenal prosperity as rapidly inflated the earnings of the Indians, and much less surprise need be felt that there has followed some comparative depression of excessive buoyancy than that the tone is so rapidly recovering itself. FISHING, HUNTING AND TRAPPING. As already incidentally noticed in another connection, hunting and fishing which may be regarded as the natural aboriginal pursuits, are becoming largely, if gradually, curtailed. To an extent this is the natural result of lack of providence and foresight in the early days, by which, for example, the buffalo was exterminated in the west. In the younger provinces game and fur animals have of late years been steadily receding before the invasion of their haunts by settlement. The efforts now made by the imposition of legal restrictions to preserve so far as possible the fish and game do not excite much symijathy in the breasts of the Indians, REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xxix SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 who regard them as an infringement of their hereditary and treaty rights, nor is it easy to open their eyes to the truth that no chiss of the community is so deeply inter- ested as they are in the prevention of destruction. Of course lapse of time and contact with civilization have among many com- munities eradicated the natural craving for the excitement of the chase, and sub- stituted other pursuits; but there are still many whose numbers have been augmented by the treaties made during the last few years, who will cling to these pursuits as long as they may continue to afford them even a precarious means of existence, but matters will adjust themselves through time as they have done elsewhere. The value of the fisheries to the Indians in British Columbia very largely exceeds that in any other province, not only in a mercantile aspect, but as a source of food- supply. The wages earned at the salmon canneries are of much importance, but the con- tribution to the larder is even more so. During the year salmon fishing was not a great success, it having been what is known as an ' off year,' but this was confined mainly to the sock-eye or commercial species, and did not affect the other varieties used as food by the Indians, and their home supply was abundant. In that and the other provinces fishing generally was quite up to the average, hav- ing been rather better in some and not quite so good in other districts. The prevalence of game and fur animals depends largely upon relative distance from settlement, and speaking very generally it may be said that game both large and small was fairly plentiful, and fur animals decidedly scarce. Viewed from the aspect 'of aggregate financial returns, the fur season may be regarded as satisfactory for the time being, but as that has resulted from very excep- tionally high prices, it remains to be seen how far it may prove an indication of future prosperity. The following table indicates the value to the Indians of their fishing and hunt- ing and trapping, respectively: — Prjvince. Fishing. Hunting and Trapping. Ontario ^ . . . . S 82,566 3.580 9,380 4,860 2.820 334,267 48,670 20,256 4,020 S 131,192 Quebec 116,437 7,025 Nova Scotia Prince Kdward Island 5,908 22 182,980 84,832 Saskatcliewan zVlberto 75,391 13,047 Total, li)09 510,419 534,342 616,834 Total, 1908 564,530 Decrease 23,923 52,304 XXX DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 MORALITY. Witii regard to Indian morality, the most noticeable feature continues to be tbe absence of serious crime. The extent to which Indian interests are confined within the reserves, no doubt has a good deal to do with this gratifying condition of affairs, since the complex nature of life in the larger world offers many temptations in various directions to which the Indians are not exposed. There is no one form of immorality so provocative of others, and of improvidence and discord, as is indulgence in intoxication, and this truth has peculiar significance in application to the temperament of the aborigines and the lack of control whether natural or acquired through training and heredity. It may be remembered too that the very limitations of environment already noticed as withholding incentive to crime in certain directions has the opposite tendency with regard to the use of liquor, since the deprivation of various forms of more legiti- mate excitement and amusement encourages the inclination to seek refuge from the monotony of existence so easily found in the artificial stimulus furnished by the use of alcohol. Moreover it has to be borne in mind that a comparatively moderate extent of intoxication among a people to whom the law entirely prohibits any indulgence, excites a corresponding degree of attention, and the fact is commonly overlooked that the very law which is intended to prohibit has a tendency to increase temptation, because the element of danger involved in contraband trade involves profits such as ensure its active prosecution by lawless and unscruiaulous vendors. The department by no means flatters itself that its efforts are successful to pre- vent intoxicants from reaching individuals or communities bent upon obtaining them, and in constant contact with others where little, if any, restraint exists upon the manu- facture and sale, but none the less it is satisfied that much is accomplished, and dis- tricts can be pointed to whei'e very marked reform has been effected recently, as for example on the Lower St. Lawrence, where the orgies of which so much was heard a few years ago among Indians in from their hunt, seems to have quite ceased to occur, and at points along the boundary line where much trouble was experienced com- paratively little is met with, much of the credit for which improvement is due to intelligent co-operation in suppression on the part of the authorities of the United States. There are features peculiar to the Indians which largely affect another branch of morality, viz., sexual relationship. Of these the most distinctly operative feature is to be found in their marriage customs, the validity of which is recognized by the courts in so far as their rites con- template permanent and exclusive union. Unfortunately, however, these tribal marital arrangements by no means uni- versally exclude the intention of bigamy or polygamy. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xxxi SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Again in British Columbia, or a considerable part thereof, so-called marriage contracts are virtually agreements to cohabit in which provision is made for termina- tion on fulfilment of certain conditions. The same desire to maintain the sanctity of the nuptial bond which induces the law to recognize one class of marriage, but to refuse endorsation to another, attaches no force to tribal divorce, and it is difficult to impress the significance of these distinctions upon the Indian mind, and it need not be wondered at, when the door is closed to separation, no matter what the provocation may be, if the Indians sometimes take the law into their own hands and adjust their marital relations to what comports with their own sense of justice and their own ideas as to the fitness of things. On the whole, however, it seems surprising to what a small extent the ties of mar- riage are discarded, and possibly what largely serves to prevent more frequent separa- tions is the powerful bond of common interest formed by the strong development of parental afitection generally found in the Indian constitution. The stage has at any rate been reached when the discarding of a wife, even among Indians who have been for a comparatively short time subject to the influence of Christian civilization, provokes strong disapproval and remonstrance from the generality of a community. In so far as concerns honesty, the class legislation which is necessary for protec- tion against aggression on the part of the stronger race, has some retarding effect, and tends to encourage dishonesty by exempting property within the reserve from legal process for the recovery of debts; but that the Indians generally speaking have learnt the lesson that their credit depends rather upon their sense of honour than upon com- pulsion of law, is demonstrated by the sometimes excessive readiness evinced to let them get into debt. EDUCATION. The number of schools of all classes in operation during the year 1908-9, in the various provinces was as follows : — Province. Class ot School. Day. 79 21 10 6 1 42 43 18 4 7 " Boarding. Industrial. Total. Ontario 4 5 SS 21 Nova Scotia ... ... 10 6 1 British Columbia Manitoba 8 14 19 3 8 2 3 2 58 54 Saskatchewan 35 Alberta Northwest Territories 25 3 Outside Treaty 7 Total 231 57 20 308 xxxii DEPARTMEXr OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Compared with the preceding year this shows an aggregate decrease of five day and two industrial schools, and the various changes in the provinces during the year were as follows : — In Ontario, the two day schools at Fort William were closed owing to the sur- render and sale of part of the reserve and the removal of the Indians. These two schools will be replaced by the building of others at another point. The school at Whitefish River in the Manitowaning agency was closed owing to lack of attendance. Arrangements were made with the trustees of the white schools at Scugog and at S. S. No. 1, Snider and Waters townships, for the attendance of Indian children re- siding near these points, the department paying for their tuition. There were, therefore, three day schools closed and two opened in Ontario during the fiscal year. In Quebec, there was a gain of one day school, the St. Regis Island school, which had been closed since June 30, 1896, having been re-opened in October last, the pros- pect of attendance being such as to warrant this action. British Columbia shows an increase of two in the day schools and a decrease of one in the industrial school class. New day schools were opened at Atlin, in the Stickine agency, at Homalco and Sliammon, in the Fraser River agency, at New Town in the Northwest Coast agency, and at Scholus in the Kamloops-Okanagan agency. The following day schools were closed, viz., Clayoquot (Prot.), Kis£regas and Kyo- quot; all in the West Coast agency. The Metlakatla industrial school was discontinued at the end of the fiscal year 1907-8. In Manitoba there has been a decrease of two day schools. The schools at Eagle Lake, in the Savanne agency, Islington, in the Kenora agency, and Oak River (Sioux), in the Birtle agency, were closed on account of in- sufficient attendance to justify their continuance in operation. The Assabasca day school, in the Kenora agency, was re-opened in July, 1908, after having been closed for three years. In Saskatchewan there is a decrease of one day school, the Key's school, in the Pelly agency, having been closed for want of attendance. Emmanuel College, Prince Albert, has been permanently closed, although in oper- ation for part of the year. In Alberta, the day schools at the Louis Bull's and Samson's reserves, in the Hobbema agency, and those of St. Anthony and Upper Peace River were discontinued. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SVPERINTEyOEXT GENERAL xxxiii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The Calgai-y industrial school was closed during the previous year, and it is not intended to re-open it. The Church of England boarding school at Lesser Slave Lake was discontinued, and the per capita grant transferred to a new boarding school, which was opened by the Church of England at St. Andrew's Mission on Whitefish lake, the day school at this latter point having been thus discontinued. A day school was also opened at Morley, in the Stony agency, during January, 1900. to replace the MeDougall Orphanage boarding school, which was discontinued from November 10, 1908. The various religious denominations under whose auspices the schools are con- ducted and the number by each, in the several provinces, are as follows : — Province Unde- nomina- tional. Roman Ca- tholia 26 13 10 6 1 18 11 10 12 2 Church of England Method- ist. Presby- terian. Sal- vation Army . Ontario 40 4 13 1 9 3 Quebec Nova Scotia . . New Brunswick Prince Edward Island British Columbia Manitoba .... 2 4 1 le 26 17 7 1 5 16 8 ""e 4 5 7 2 Saskatchewan Alberta Northwest Territories Outside Treaty 2 Total 51 109 86 44 16 2 The total enrolment for the year was 10,479 pupils, 5,323 boys and 5,156 girls. This as compared with the preceding year shows an increase in the enrolment of 171 pupils, viz., 103 boys and 68 girls. The i)€rcentage of the average of total attendance was 63-69 or slightly higher than the preceding year, during which it was 62 ■ 58. There is, of course, a natural tendency to let affairs which have answered existing conditions run in a groove long after changed circumstances may have introduced potentialities for improvement, and the department is beginning to question whether this danger with regard to Indian education has not arrived. The pronounced favour for industrial and boarding schools entertained so far, especially in the younger provinces, has been based mainly upon two considerations, viz., the necessity for avoiding the retarding and retrogressive influence upon the in- tended benefits of education to which the children were necessarily subjected when after school hours they returned to their own homes, and the overcoming of that irre- gularity of attendance which necessarily resulted from the nomadic habits of parents before changed methods of employment had brought about fixity of residence. Conditions have, however, been very greatly changing in these respects, and it has been borne in upon the department that such have been reached as contain the true potentialities for the recognition and development of the day schools. xxxiv DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 No idea of encouraging anything like a spirit of rivalry between these various classes of schools is intended, for each will at any rate for some time to come have its own field of usefulness, but rather to restore the balance in the extent of their utiliza- tion, which for reasons just indicated, has led to some neglect of the day schools. One strong consideration is the fact that, if home conditions have so changed as to remove the danger of deleterious influence upon the children, and permit of the development of the day school, a long stride will be made towards exciting the interest and sympathy of the parents in the education of the children, and there will be much better prospect of their growing up together, and so avoiding the danger of finding that in the course of separation for years they have grown far apart in tastes, sym- pathies and interests. To make the contemplated plan successful, there will doubtless have to be certain changes introduced into the manner of dealing with the day schools, and the most fundamental of these will be the securing of a superior class of teacher who requires no ordinary amount of skill and tact if expected to make school life interesting and agreeable to Indian children, to say nothing of enlisting the intelligent sympathies of the parents. This will necessarily involve the payment of better stipends, but will prove truest economy in the long run, and probably eventually effect a decided saving in so far as it may tend to diminish the far heavier expenditure upon other methods of education. Certain other improvements will doubtless have to be effected, such as to the build- ings, and in places it may be necessary to make arrangements for the transport of children to and from their homes and for a simple mid-day meal, which is always found to prove a strong attraction, and under special conditions boarding houses or nurseries may have to be established for the care of children during the week, but these details can probably be readily arranged as experience demonstrates their necessity, and outstanding examples of what day schools have been able to accomplish even amongst very partially civilized surroundings encourage the exx)ectation of the de- velopment of a class of day school calculated to be of great use in elevating the standard of life on the reserves. The future of graduates from boarding and industrial schools also appears to demand closer attention. An effort will be made to secure conditions which will make the most important event in a pupil's life, viz., graduation, a guarantee of fitness to assume its duties and responsibilities, and assistance financial and other will be provided to start the graduates at suitable occupations and in a fitting environment. LANDS. The policy described last year of encouraging Indians to dispose of spare lands rendered valuable through the requirements of settlement which they were impeding, has worked to the advantage of all concerned. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xxxv SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Free course has been given to settlement, while many Indians have acquired an equipniont of live and other stock necessary for the prosecution of agricultural and otlier industries, and the country has been proportionally relieved of the burden of such provision. During the past year, an aggregate area of 64,924.21 acres was disposed of and realized the sum of $462,682.00. Of the surrendered lands at the Pas, after subdivision into town lots, 160 lots were sold by public auction, and brought an amount of $21,015. The portion of the Cote reserve which was surrendered last year and subdivided was offered for sale by public auction at Kamsack on June 24, 1908, and 07 quarter sections were sold, realizing $89,682.80. On May 13, 1908, the Enoch's band of Indians surrendered to the Crown 6,300 acres of the Stony Plain reserve to be disposed of for their benefit, and subdivision into sections and quarter sections has been made with a view to sale. The lands on the Crooked Lakes reserves, Nos. 72 and 73, situated on Crooked lakes, Saskatchewan, which were surrendered last year, were subdivided and offered for sale by public auction at Broadview on November 25, 1908. The total number of quarter sections offered for sale was 322, and the number sold 199, realizing the sum of $229,117.20. The portion of the St. Peter's reserve which was surrendered last year and which remained open for disposition after allotment to the Indians in accordance with the provisions of surrender, was offered for sale by public auction at Selkirk, December 16, 1908, and all was disposed of, bringing in the sum of $86,185.23. On January 28, 1909, the Samson band of Indians, resident at Bear Hills, in Alberta, surrendered to tlie Crown a portion of their reserve. No. 137, containing 9,380 acres, which will be subdivided and placed in the market in the usual way. Crown grants have been issued during the year to the number of 665. Returns of patents to the number of 55 have been prepared and transmitted to the different registrars of counties and districts concerned, and 4 returns made to the Provincial Secretary of Ontario, covering lands patented within the province.- MINERALS. During the past year very few applications have been received for minerals. LOCATION TICKETS. Location tickets, granting title under the provisions of the Indians Act to indi- vidual Indians for land on their reserves, were issued during the past year to the number of 23, and on March 31, last, there were current 1,484 location tickets. 97 — n xxxvi DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 LEASES. Under tlie provisions of section 11 of the Regu]ations for the disposal of Indian lands, leases were issued, in triplicate, to white men at the request of Indian locatees to the number of 112, and on March 31, last, there were 1,281 leases current. TIMBER. The nnmher of timber licenses in force on March 31, 1909, was 34 ; berths vacant. The eight berths on Dokis reserve were sold by auction on .Tune 24, 1908, and realized the sum of $871. .500. The purchaser of berth 2 was unable to comply with the conditions of sale, and it will be sold by auction during the ensuing summer. SURVEYS. ' The following surveys were niiule during the fiscal year, viz.: — Nova Scotia. The boundaries of the reserve at Horton, Kings county. An addition of 40 acres to the Millbi-ook reserve, Colchester coimty, and sub- division of same into two-acre lots. New Brunswick. The re-survey of the boundaries of the Pabineau reserve, in the parish of Bath- urst. Quehec. The survey and levels for a pixjposed drainage ditch at tlie northwestern corner of the Caugknawaga reserve. Ontario, The reserves provided for under stipulations of Treaty No. 9, at Abitibi, Flying Post, New Brunswick House and Matachewan. A survey of Burnt island and the re-survey of a portion of the lake shore in the township of Robinson, Manitoulin island, and the lots adjacent thereto. A re-survey of a portion of the boundaries of the Wild Lands reserve, Eainy river. A re-survey of the boundaries of the Sturgeon Falls, I. R. No. 23 and the Seine river, T.R. No. 23 A, Rainy River district. A survey of the lands In the Tyendinaga reserve held by the late Dr. Oronhyateka. REPORT OF THE DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT GENERAL xixvii SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The survey of a new road from tho (). T. P. bridge over the Kaministiquia river, south and west through the inirtliwcst part of the Fort William reserve ami part nf the Surrendered lands. The survey and subdivision of the Dokis reserve into timber berths. The re-survey of the boundaries of the Watha or Gibson reserve. The survey of lauds occupied by Indians at Jackfish Island, Lake ISIiiiigon, and on the mainland opposite the island. A retraeeal of the boundaries of the Ixiwer French river. A re-survey of the bomularies of the Maganatawan reserve and a drfluition of the limits of the addition north of the Maganatawan river. Manitoha. The St. Peter's reserve liaving been surrendered by the Indians, the very large number of subdivisions required under the provisions of the surrender were surveyed and allotted to the Indians. The unsurveyed portions were subdivided into sections for sale, and a new reserve for the St. Peter's band was surveyed at Fisher river. The boundaries of Fisher River reserve were retraced. Tlie surrendered portions of the Swan Lake reserve, No. 7, were surveyed for sale. SasTcatchewoM. The Little Bone's reserve, having been surrendered for sale, was subilivided into sections for the purpose. A iKirlion of the Fishing Lake reserve. No. 89, was surrendered for sale and has been subdivided for that purjwse. Alberta. Three reserves at and near Sturgeon lake and three at Utikoomak (or Whitefish lake) were surveyed under the provisions of Treaty No. 8. The surrendered portion of the Stony Plain reserve. No. 135, was subdivided for sale. British Columbia. Four additional reserves were surveyed for the Hagwilget band, in the Babine agency. The Kitwangar reserve, Babine agency, was subdivided for Indian occupation. Two reserves near Alberni of the Seshart band were re-surveyed. xxxviii DEPARTMENT OF INDIAIV AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 PINANCIAI,. At the close of the twelve months ended Alarcli 31, 1909, the capital of the Indian Trust Fund, which at the end of the preceding year amounted to $5,181,090.41, had increased to $0,022,187.08. The large increase was due to sale of timber limits, the property of the Dokis band. The balance sheet of this fund will be found at page 132 of Part II. The amount expended from the Consolidated Revenue Fund voted by parliament for the purposes of the department was $1,307,245.09. On March 31, last, the balance to the credit of the Indian Savings Account for the funding of the annuities and earning.s of iJupils at industrial .schools, together with collections from Indians for purchase of cattle and for ranching expenses, was $53,393.00. Deposits and interest iluring the twelve mouths aggregated $26,084.85, and withdrawals $25,383.08. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, FRANK PEDLET, Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs. 9-10 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1910 REPORTS OF II^DIAK AGENTS Province of Ontario, District of Algoma, Ch.^pleau Agency, Chapleau, April, 23, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31, 1909, embracing Ojibeways, Eobinson Treaty Indians, Chapleau reserve; Ojibe- ways, Robinson Treaty Indians, at Missinaibi reserve; Crees, Treaty 9, Chapleau reserve; Ojibeway, Treaty 9, Chapleau reserve; Mattigami Indians, Treaty 9, Ojibe- ways, Mattagami reserve; Ojibeways, Treaty 9, Flying Post resen'e; New Brunswick House Indians, Treaty 9, Ojibeways. ojibeways, ROBINSON TREATY INDUNS, AT CHAPLEAU RESERVE. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the east «ide of the River Nebsquashing, south of the village of Chapleau, and contains 220 acres. The country is very rocky and only small spots are fit for cultivation. Population. — The population of this band is 78. Health and Sanitation. — The health of'the band for the year has been very good. Occupations. — The members of this band rely chiefly on hunting and fishing. The women make and sell moccasins and snow-shoes in the winter months, and in this way make a little money. Education and Religion. — These Indians speak only their own tongue, ancl so far none of their children have attended any school. Their religion is Anglican. Buildings and Stock. — These Indians mostly all live in their own houses, which they keep very clean, though some prefer the tents or teepees. They have no stock of any kind and seem to make no effort to get any. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are very temperate. I have never heard of a single case of liquor being on the reserve, and their morality and be- haviour are extremely good. OJIBEWAYS, ROBINSON TREATY INDUNS, MISSINAIBI RESERVE. Reserve. — This reserve comprises 216 acres as well as two small islets, one con- taining 4 acres and the other half an aero, adjoining the reserve; it is situated near the village of Missinaibi on Dog lake. 27— i— 1 2 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Population. — The population of this band is 118. Health and Sanitation. — The health in this place during the past year has been good. Occupatfons. — These Indians live mostly by hunting, trapping, fishing and acting a? guides, some being engaged by the Hudson's Bay Company, and also the French Company at Moose Factory, taking in supplies. Buildings and Stock — The naajority live in houses which are kept clean, only a few living in teepees. They have two cows among them. This comprises all the stock. Education and Religion. — They have a public school at Missinaibi at present. This gives them a great advantage. Some of these children go to the school at Chapleau. They are all Anglicans. Temperance and Morality. — This point is the worst in my district for intem- peiance; they get the liquor in spite of all we can do, and where liquor is among the Indians morality as a rule is not very good. Lately I hear there has been a marked improvement for the better. Some whisky pedlars were caught and re- ceived heavy sentences. This will no doubt have a tendency to lessen the evil for a time at least. CREES, TREATY t), CHAPLE.\U RESERVE. Reserve. — This reserve contains 160 acres fronting on the Kerebesquashesing river. Population. — The population of this band is 70, a decrease of 2, and they practi- cally all live in the village of Chai)leau. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been very good during t]ii> past year. Buildings and Stock. — These Indians mostly all own their houses, and these are very comfortable and clean. They have no stock whatever. Occupations. — The majority work by the day as labourere; some hunt and trap in the winter. The women wash and work out as servants. Education and Religion.— Nearly all these Indians speak good English and can write. They send their children to the public school, though in some cases we had to compel them to do so. Their religion is Anglican. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians as a rule are temperate, though we have a few who will drink liquor if they can get it, but it is hard for them to get it, as they are watched closely. Their morality is none too good. I have had several complaints in this respect. OJIBEWAYS, TREATY 9, CHAPLEAU RESERVE. Reserve. — This reserve is situated directly south of the reserve owned by tho Robinson Treaty Indians, and contains 160 acres. Population. — The population of this band is 65, a decrease of 11 since Irst report. Health and Sanitation. — During the year just ended there has been considerable s^iokness in thi.'i band, resulting in a good many deaths, mostly from colds and lung diseases. Sanitary conditions are not very encouraging, but are improving. Occupations. — These Indians all hunt, fish, and act as guides, and all are expert canoemen and good workers. Buildings and Stock. — They have erected some buildings and are making some preparalion for more, but do not take as much interest in their reserve as they should. A great many live in tents and teepees. They have no stock. Education and Religion. — Very few speak any English, and they have compara- tively no education and do not appear to take any interest in educating their families. Compulsion will be the only remedy. These Indians are Anglican. i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 3 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are temperate, and I hear no com- plaints of any immorality among them. MATTAGAMI INDIANS^ TREATY 9, OJIBEWAYS, MATTAGAMI RESERVE. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the west side of the Mattagami lake, three- quarters of a mile north of a point opposite the Hudson's Bay Company's post, and Las an area of 20 square miles. Population. — The population of this band is 88, a decrease of 6. Health and Sanitation. — The he'alth of this band in the past year has not been of the best. There were a few cases among them of consumption ; some fatal. Sani- tation seems very good, and cleanliness is well observed by the Indians. Occupations. — They live altogether by hunting and trapping. Many of them are . employed by the Transcontinental Railway Company as guides and canoemen and some are engaged by the Hudson's Bay Company. Buildings and Stock. — They live altogether in tents and teepees, except a few houses owned by the Hudson's Bay Company. There is one house on the reserve, the only one owned by the Indians. Education and Religion. — These Indians with very few exceptions si)eak only their native language. Some few employed by the Hudson's Bay Company speak good English. They have no opportunity of educating their children. They have a small church visited once a year by a missionary. They are all of the Anglican denomination. Temperance and Morality. — I have never heard of any intemperance at this point. Their morals are very good. OJIBEWAYS, TREATY 9, FLYKG POST RESERVE. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the Six Mile rapids on the east side of Ground Hog river, and has an area of 23 square miles. Population. — The population of this band is 105. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band, in spite of the number of aged Indians among them, is very good. Some few of the old ones we have been obliged to assist. The sanitation is good, although there is plenty of room for improvement. Occupations. — They earn their living by hunting, fishing, trapping, and many of them by working for the Hudson's Bay Company. Buildings and Stock. — They have no buildings and live in tents and teepees. These are kept in a very comfortable condition. They have no st«ck except what is owned by the Hudson's Bay Company, and very few, if any, live on the reserve in the winter months. Education and Religion. — These Indians speak only their own language and have no education. None of the children ever saw a school, but we are endeavouring to get some of them to attend the Indian school at Chapleau during the coming term. They have a small church, but never see a minister more than once a year. Their religion is Anglican. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate, as they have no means of getting liquor. But their morality is bad. the worst in my district; I have had some bad reports only lately in this respect. I had some trouble there before, and expect it will be repeated at my next visit. NEW BRUNSWICK HOUSE INDIANS, TREATY 9, OJIBEWAYS. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the west shore of the Missinaibi river, about half a mile southwest of the Hudson's Bay Company's post and covers an area of 27 square miles. 27— i— li 4 , DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRfl 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Population. — The population of this band is 130, a decrease of 6 from last year. Health and Sanitation. — The health and sanitation of this band is very good. They are the most industrious and hoalthy Indians in my district. Occupations. — These Indians earn their living by hunting, fishing and trapping, and some of them act as guides for the Hudson's Bay Company. Buildings and Stock. — Very few of these Indians live on the reserve. Some of them have houses, but many of them live in tents and teepees, which are kept very clean and comfortable. Education and Religion. — They have no school ; consequently the children's educa- tion is neglected. Some few are going to the Indian school at Chapleau. They have a small church, but are only visited rarely by a clergyman. In reli- gion they are Anglicans. Temperance and Jlorality. — The members of this band are all temperate and their morality is good. Besides the above bands I have paid along the line of the Canadian Pacific rail- way, mostly at Missinaibi, 14.5 Indians belonging to the Michipicoten reserve, Robin- son treaty, under Mr. W. L. Nichols at Sault Ste. Marie; also 55 Indians belonging to the Spanish River, Robinson treaty, were paid by me, mostly at Biscotasing, 49 belonging to the Mississagi band, and 8 belong to the Serpent River band. I found all these Indians healthy and rather an intelligent class. I have, &c., H. A. WEST, Indian Agent. Prov^'ce of Ont.^rio, Chippewas, Munsees and Onedu-s of the Thames, Delaware, May 26, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report concerning the three bands included in this agency for the year ended March 31, 1909. ONEIDAS of the THAMES. Reserve. — The Oneida reserve is situated in the township of Delaware, Middle- sex county. It contains 5,271 acres of choice farming land. Population. — The population of this band is 777. Health and Sanitation.- — Consumption is the most prevalent disease; otherwise the general health of the band has been good during the year. Occupations. — The principal occupation of the Indians of this band is day liibour. They earn a large amount of money by pulling flax, wood-cutting among the whites and berry-picking. They also work in the canning factories. During the fall and winter they make mats and baskets. Some of the Indians of this band are fairly good farmers. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — The dwelling-houses are principally small frame buildings and are in a fairly good state of repair. There are several brick and cement block houses. These Indians do not raise much stock, but what they have is of average breeding. Those who farm are fairly well supplied with farm implements and farm buildings. i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 5 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Education. — There are two day schools on the reserve. The attendance has been very good and the progress made by the children during the year has been very satisfactory. Characteristics and Progress. — Generally speaking, the Oneidas are industrious and law-abiding. There are a few members of the band who are progressing very well, but as a whole their progress is slow. Temperance and Morality. — It is to be regretted that some of the Indians occa- sionally use intoxicating liquors, and the marriage law is not as well observed as it ought to be. CHIPPEWAS OF THE THAMES. Reserve. — This baud occupies a part of the Caradoc reserve, comprising 8,702 acres, which, for the most part, is a beautiful, undulating, fertile tract of country. Population. — The population of this baud is 474, Health and Sanitation. — Sanitary precautions have been fairly -well observed, consumption being the most prevalent disease. Occupations. — The occupations of the band are principally day labour and farm- ing. A good deal of money is earned bj' these Indians from pulling flax and cuttini;- wood among the whites and from employment in connection with the canning fac- tories. Buildings and Stock. — The houses are principally small log or frame buildings. There are several good brick houses on this reserve. The barns and stables, though generally small, are in fairly good rejaair. Their horses and cattle are of good quality. Education. — There are three day schools on the reserve. The attendance was fairly good during the year and the progress made by the children very satisfactory. Chara"cteristics and Progress. — These Indians are usually law-abiding and fairly industrious. They do not make much progress. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are unusually temperate. The marriage law, I regret to say, is not observed as well as it might be. MUNSEES OF THE THAMES. Reserve, — This band occupies 2,098 acres, a portion of the Caradoc reserve. Population. — The population of this band is 112. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Jndians has been vei-y good, sanitary measures being well observed. Consumption is the most prevalent disease. Occupations. — The occupations of this band are principally day labour and farming. Buildings, Stock and Implements. — The buildings are not as good as could be desired on this reserve. There is one good brick house on the reserve. Those who farm are well supplied with farm implements. Not much stock is raised, but what they have is of good quality. Education. — There is one day school on this reserve. The attendance was fair, and progress made by the children very satisfactory. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians may be considered as fairly indus- trious. Their progress is slow. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are generally temperate and fairlj moral. I have, &e. S, SUTHERLAND, Indian Agent. DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Provincie of Ontario, Chippewas of Christun Island, Penetanguishene, May 1, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. Greneral of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report and statistical statement showing the condition and progress of the Indians under my supervision during the year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is located on Christian island at the southern end of the Georgian bay on the steamboat route from Collingwood to Parry Sound and from Collingwood to Midland and Penetanguishene. Population. — The population is 228 — the same as last year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band has been good. No contagious diseases have been prevalent and sanitary requirements have been observed and premises kept neat and clean. Occupations. — The Indians work on their farms during the summer months; fish in the fall and during the winter, and take out logs and wood from their locations during July and August. The young men act as guides to tourists. Buildings. — Several new buildings have been erected this past year of a modern and substantial class, which much improved the appearance of the reserve.- Stock. — This reserve is an ideal place for stock-raising and the Indians have the best cattle in this vicinity. They take great pride in them and obtain good prices from dealers. Farm Implements. — The Indians are well provided with implements, such as a good threshing-machine, binders and mowing-machines and all other implements necessary to carry on the work of the farm. Education. — There is one good school on the island, and the children make good progress and receive encouragement from the parents to acquire a useful education. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are sober and industrious and are improving, becoming yearly more comfortable, their families always appearing well dressed and respectable. Temperance and Morality. — -As a rule the Indians are temperate and are improv- ing. The law in this respect is rigidly enforced. The young Indians are growing up temperate and well behaved in all respects. I have &c., CHAS. McGIBBON, Indian Agent. , i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Province of Ontario, Chippewas of Georgina and Snake Island, Sutton West, April 1, 1909. Thank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Afiairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report and statistical statement showing the condition and progress of the Indians under my supervision during the twelve months ended March 31, 1909. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians are Chippewas. Reserve. — This reserve is located in the southern waters of Lake Simcoe, Georgina island being two miles from the main shore, three miles east of Jackson's Point, a summer resort where large numbers spend the summer months, it being the terminus cf the Stouffville branch of the Grand Trunk railway, as also of the Metropolitan Electric railway. Snake island is a part of the reserve and is 12 miles to the west of Georgina island, one mile from Morton Park, another popular summer resort. The reserve contains 3,497 acres and is a good clay soil and well adapted for raising grains of all kinds and roots, and is especially adapted for raising stock ; there are numerous swales running through the fields that make the work of tilling the land more difficult. Population. — The population of this band is 103. There are also about 25 non- treaty and illegitimate Indians living on the reserve. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has not been very good during the past year. There has been no epidemic during the year. There were several cases of typhoid fever, but no deaths resulted. Pneumonia caused three deaths during the year. The ordinary precautions, such as keeping the premises clean and dressing ■warmly, and using none but good water, are well observed. There was a general vac- cination last year. With regard to the isloation of persons suffering from contagious disease, the Indians do as well as can be expected. In some cases the patient is taken to a small house during the last stages of consumption, the house afterwards being destroyed or. abandoned. Occupations. — Some of the Indians do some farming and raise some stock, and nearly all of them raise vegetables. Most of the young men work for farmers or in the lumber camps part of the time; a few of the Indians go hunting and trapping, others go as guides for tourists and hunters; some old men take cami>ers out fishing and dig roots and peel bark for sale for medicinal purposes; some sell a little wood. The women make baskets and fancy-work and find ready sale and good prices for all they can make. Burning lime is an industry that the Indians might take up with profit, as there is plenty of limestone and wood on the reserve. Sheep-raising would also be profitable. Buildings. — The buildings ou the reserve are pretty good. There are a number of good frame dwelling-houses and frame barns, also some good warm stables. Stock. — The stock is very good, but not enough. There is a scarcity of teams. The stock as a rule is well housed, fed, and cared for. Farm Implements. — There are iilenty of farm implements of all kinds for the use of the Indians, and most of them are well taken care of. Education. — There is one day school on the reserve, taught by Mr. J. H. Prosser. At times the chilrcn attend school pretty well and the parents seem to be desirous that their children should be educated; at other times the children either stay away from school of their own accord or are kept away for a time, and that prevents them 8 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 from making thn progress they ought and would make if made to attend school regularly. Kearly all the.se Indians can read and write, and a number of them are advanced sufficiently in arithmetic to enable them to transact ordinary business. All of them understand and speak the English language. Characteristics and Progress. — Some of the Indians are quite industrious and make a little progress; others are indolent and make no progress whatever. The women as a whole are much more industrious than the men. All of them like to dress well arid travel around a good deal, and spend a good deal of time and money in that way. Temperance and Morality. — Most of these Indians are temperate, but there are a few, mostly young men, that will drink if they can get a chance. None of the women drink liquor. A few of each sex are rather immoral in other ways. General Remarks. — The Indians of this reserve that have teams get along pretty well, as they till their own land and some land for those that have no teams. The crops last year on the reserve were very good. Hay was an abundant crop. The stock is in splendid condition. The women contribute largely to the support of the families by the sale of their wares made of birch bark and porcupine quills and scented grasses grown for the purpose. Some of the women always have a stock ready-made when the tourists arrive in June. There are a number of the Indian women that are first-class housekeepers. I have, &c., JOHN YATES, Indian Agent. Pkovinck of Ontario, Chippewas of Xawash, McIvER, March 13, 1009. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement for the year ending March 31, 1909. Eeserve. — There is only one reserve in the agency. It is situated on the extreme northeast portion of the township of Albemarle, in the county of Bruce, and contains nearly 16,000 acres, about 60 per cent of which is good for cultivation and pasture. Tribe. — These Indians are nearly all Chippewas. Vital Statistics. — This band numbers about 378 on the pay-list and about 25 non- treaty who reside on the reserve. On the pay-list are 104 men, 118 women, 90 boys and 66 girls. There were 9 births and 10 deaths ; 2 went out by marriage and 1 came in by marriage, making a decrease of 2 as compared with the census of last year. The jirincipal causes of death were consumption and old age. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been good, the death-rate being only half and the birth-rate double that of the preceding year, there being only two cases of death from consumption, which is on the decrease. All sanitary measures have had the strictest attention, and the houses are being improved and made more comfortable, and are being built on sanitarj' principles. Occupations. — With reference to agricultural pursuits it may be remarked that the past two seasons have been very dry in this part of the country and the crops were away below the average, consequently the Indians have to depend on this winter's timber operations for a livelihood. They fish and do some hunting in the fall; take i REPORTS OF l^DlAy AGENTS 9 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 . out pulp-wood in the spring, and some of them work in tlie saw-mills and help the farmers to harvest in the summer, while the women, who arc very industrious, make baskets, pick berries, and attend to their poultry and gardens and in general stay at home. Education. — There are three day schools on the reserve, but one has been closed from January 1, 1909, to April 1, 1909, there being no attendance on account of the families moving- to the lumber woods. The other two schools have a good average attendance. The schools are well equipped and are supplied with industrious teachers. Temperance and Morality. — A large number of the band are strictly total abstain- ers and belong to temperance societies. The fine churches, good schools and the in- creasing energy of the school teachers and the Eev. Father Cadott, Rev. R. Rogers and Rev. Mr. Gander are of great assistance in stamping out crimes in morality and intemperance, in which there continues to be a decided improvement. Characteristics and Progress. — The industrious Indians are getting along fairly well, and are gradually getting into better circumstances, notwithstanding the fact that they have had two poor crops on account of the very dry seasons. The band is slowly becoming more like the whites in manners and customs, and, generally speak- ing, the.y are peaceable and law-abiding. Religion. — There are two churches on the reserve. The Methodist, looked after by the Rev. Robert Rogers, is a stone structure and has about 200 adherents, and the Roman Catholic, also a stone structure, built two years ago at a cost of $6,000, is a model of beauty. There are about 150 adherents, the spiritual welfare being zealously looked after by the Rev. Father Cadott. The Anglicans, who are small in number, hold their meetings monthly in private houses on the reserve under the supervision of the Rev. Mr. Gauder, of Lions Head. Nearly all the Indians take a deep interest in religious matters and they have over $10,000 invested in churches. I have, &c., JOHN McIVER, Indian Agent. Province of Ontario, Chippewas of Rama, GAMEBRroGE, June 8, 1909. Frakk Pedlet, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report concerning the Indians of this agency for the year ended March 31, 1909. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this reserve are Chippewas. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in the township of Rama, in the county of Ontario, along the eastern shore of Lake Couehiching, and contains 2,000 acres of land. The part lying along the lake is nearly all cleared up and is composed of good clay soil suitable for raising all kinds of grain and roots; the part lying farther to the east and north is not so good, being lighter soil and some rock. Parts of this land are fairly well timbered. Population. — The population is 233. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band is generally good. No epidemics have occurred and the sanitary regulations are well observed and enforced by the attending physician. 10 DEPARTilEXT OF INDIAX AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Occupations. — A few of these Indians do some farming; most of their cleared land is rented for pasture. In the summer months the young men work at the mills near-by; some act as guides to the tourists or work out with farmers in the vicinity; in the winter these same men find work in the lumber camps. Some trapping and fishing is done, the fish being for home use. Buildings. — Most of the dwellings are fairly good and comfortable. Quite a num- ber of them are frame. The outbuildings are not nearly so good. Stock. — These Indians do not own much live stock, a few very good milch cows and some horses of medium grade. Implements. — They have not many farm implements, but what they have are ample for their requirements. Education. — There is a day school on the reserve. The building is well suited in every way for teaching in. Some of the children attend quite regularly and are making marked progress, but there are quite a number who appear to take no interest in learning and do not attend the school. There is not more than 50 per cent of the children of school age attending. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians may be considered fairly indus- trious; their progress is slow; they are, generally speaking, law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are usually temperate. A few of them will indulge in liquor too freely if they have an opportunity to do so. I have, &c., D. GRAHAM, Indian Agent. Province of Ontario, Chippewas of Sarnu, Sarnia, May 15, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa, Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on matters connected with this agency for the year ended March 31, 1909. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians on the three reserves in this agency form one band and are descended mainly from the three united tribes, Ojibbewas, Ottawas and Pottawattamies. After the war of 1812 a few Shawanoo Indians from Ohio took refuge in Canada and were finally located on Kettle Point reserve, where their descend- ants form a considerable portion of the population. All the Indians of this band speak the Ojibbewa language. Reserves. — The Sarnia reserve adjoins the town of Sarnia to the south, and ex- tends along the east bank of the St. Clair river for a distance of about 4 miles end is wider at the south end than at the north. It contains 6,259 acres and is all good land. While there is a considerable portion of this reserve which is not cleared fit for cultivation, there is little or no heavily timbered woodland. The whole reserve is fenced. Generally speaking every lot is fenced separately, so that it is available for pasturage even when not cleared fit for ploughing. This reserve is all located. The Kettle Point and Stony Point or Au Sable reserves are about 2 miles apart, but practically form only one reserve. They are situated in the township of Bosanquet on the south shore of Lake Huron, and unitedly contain 4,676 acres, and are both more or less covered with woods. These reserves are surveyed into lots containing 80 acres i REPORTS OF INDIAN AOENTS 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 each. Nearly half of these are not allotted to any particular person. Most of the unallotted land is of inferior quality. Population. — The population of the Sarnia reserve is 288 and that of the Kettle Point and Stony Point reserves 134. Health and Sanitation. — During the past year the health of the Indians hai? been better than for a number of years past and the death-rate lighter. During the winter season they have always been subject to colds and rheumatism, but during the past winter much less so than usual. The physician at Kettle Point, especially, reports much less siclniess than is usual at that season of the year. Consumption is still the most fatal disease. Efforts are being made to induce the Indians to take the pre- cautions now recognized as necessary to prevent the spread of this disease. At Kettle Point and Stony Point there are no cases at present and there have been none during the past year. There has been on the whole considerable improvement during the year. The sanitary conditions are all as good as could be looked for, and there is nothing to complain of in that respect. Occupations. — Most of the Indians do a little farming, but as a rule they do not tcke to it as heartily as is desirable, although some of them are making very success- ful and praiseworthy efforts in this direction. During the summer a great many work on the docks at Sarnia, loading and unloading vessels, and some hire out as sailors on the river and lakes. Others work at the oil refinery at Sarnia, making good wages; also some work in the large saw-mills there, and a number are employed on the Grand Trunk railway at Kettle and Stony Point reserves. The chief industry besides farming is acting as boatmen for the sportsmen who every summer visit the Kettle Point bay for the black bass fishing, and also pulling flax for the Thedford nnd Forest flax mills and gathering and packing apples and other fruits in the fall. The women of all these reserves are expert basket-makers, and do a comparatively large business in making and selling baskets. On account of its nearness to a good market, gardening on the Sarnia reserve would be profitable, the climate and soil being well adapted for small fruit culture and the raising of vegetables, and it could be gone into without the expenditure of much capital. There is also room for great expansion in the poultry business, which at present prices would be highly profitable. At Kettle Point and Stony Point reserves a comparatively small expenditure for fencing would result in a large area of land being available for pasturage, which is not now produc- ing any revenue. Buildings. — Most of the Indians on all of these reserves have fairly good frame houses, which, while in most eases rather small, may be said to meet their require- ments fairly well. There are also three good brick houses, two of which are on Sarnia reserve and one on Stony Point reserve. There are not many barns for hay and grain such as other farmers in the vicinity of these reserves have, but nearly all the Indians who engage in farming have sufficient stabling for their horses and stock. Stock. — The majority of the Indians who do any farming have horses, and a few colts are raised every season. With regard to cattle I have to report that there are not enough kept. There are a few fairly good herds, and among them some that look to be thoroughbred Shorthorns, but, as there is plenty of pasture on all the re- serves, there is no reason why there are not many more than there are. Some few are engaged somewhat in dairying and are quite enthusiastic, but these are the exceptions to the general rule. There are no sheep kept on any of the reserves and not many pigs. Nearly all the Indians keep some poultry. Farm Implements. — The Indians who engage in farming are fairly well supplied vith implements and machinery. Education. — There are three schools. The St. Clair school on the Sarnia reserve is a good capacious brick building in commodious grounds, and is well taught and fairly well attended. The two other schools are situated, one at Kettle Point and one at Stony Point, and are both well attended considering the number of children who 12 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910- are available. There are several children from the Sarnia reserve at the Mount Elgin Institute and at the Shingwauk Home, at Muneey and Sault Ste. Marie respec- tively. Most of the parents take good interest in getting an education for their children. Characteristics and Progress. — The leading characteristic of these Indians that require to be noted in this report is an apparent disinclination to work for themselves on their own farms. They are quite industrious when working for wages, and, being ■willing and active, have no difficulty in getting employment, and, generally speaking, are peaceable and law-abiding. During the past year there has been some progress made, especially at Kettle Point, and, all things considered, a fairly prosperous year can be reported. Temperance and Morality. — The great majority of the Indians of this band are strictly temperate, but there is still a number of well-known characters among them who are very frequently in a state of intoxication. These have been pretty closely looked after, and on the whole there is, I believe, less drinking than formerly. On ac- count of the nearness of Port Huron on the Michigan side of the river, they can procure liquor more easily here than at most other places. With respect to morality in other ways, there are a great many whose morality is above suspicion; still there is much yet that could easily be amended. There are- two churches on the Samia reserve, two at Kettle Point and one at Stony Point- When we remember that civilization and Christianity have been in their possession for only one or two generations, we cannot be surprised that they are not yet as far- advanced as those who have had superior advantages, and we can confidently expect that the religious instruction they are now receiving with the Christian surroundings^ they possess will yet bear fruit and that the Chippewas of Sarnia, in material pros- perity, in moral rectitude of conduct, and in intellectual attainments, will yet be- fully up to the standard of the other people in their neighbourhood. I have, &e., WILLIAM NISBET, Indian Agent. Provesce of Oxmrio, GoiDKN- Lake Agency, KiLL.^LOE Statiox, April 1, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31,. 1909. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the southern end of Golden lake, Renfrew county. Tribe.— These Indians belong to the Algonquin tribe. Vital Statistics. — During the past year there was an increase of 7, but ther& were 2 deaths, leaving a population of 112. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band is very good. There is no disease at present, though there was whooping-cough last fall, and one young child died of it and one old woman died. They keep their houses pretty clean. They are just as clean as any other class of people. Occupations. — ^The principal occupation of these Indians is working in the lumber camps in winter and on the river in summer. They are all good drivers; they getr i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 13 ■SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 -good pay. Tliey do not care about farming as long as they can get good pay for working out. Education. — The children are doing well in this school ; we have a very good teaclier. Religion. — The Indians of this reserve are all Roman Catholics. Temperance. — The Indians of this reserve are not any better than any others; ■some will drink liquor if they get it, but the majority of them are not given to drink. 3ft is a bad place here: the liquor comes from every point on the train. The two last seasons were very dry here; the Indians had scarcely any crop. I have, &c., MARTIN MULLIN, Indian Agent. Province of Ontario, Gore B.\y Agency, Gore Bat, April 1, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir,- — I have the honour to submit my annual report concerning the Indians of this agency for the year ended March 31, 1909. cockburn island band. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the northwest side of Cockburn island, which lies immediately west of Manitoulin island. It has an area of about 1,250 acre.-s. Population. — This band has a population of 52. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band is generally good ; there have ■been no epidemics on the reserve. The sanitary regulations are observed and ap- preciated. Occupations. — Forest, farm and stream are the resources of these Indians. They farm on a small scale, and have very good garden and root crops. Their principal occupations are working in the lumber woods, making ties and posts in winter, and loading boats and peeling ties and posts in summer. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Their buildings are neat, clean and comfortable and fairly well furnished. Their construction shows considerable skill and adaptability to requirements. They have some cattle and horses and other stock. The implements and vehicles they buy are modern and of a good quality. Education. — There is no school on the reserve, but an arrangement has been made to have the children educated at Wikwemikong industrial school. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are sober, industrious and law- abiding, making a good living by their thrift. Temperance and Morality. — The absence of liquor on the island has a good effect, and the isolation of the Indians has kept them in their ])riniitivo state of morality, above the average. General Remarks. — These Indians are industrious, sober and moral, adapting themselves more and more to the ways of the white man, and inclining more and more to agricultural pursuits and the manufacture of timber. 14 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 WEST BAY BAND. Reserve. — This reserve lies in the township of Billings at the head of Honora bay, Manitoulin island, and comprises in all 13 square miles. The soil is sandy clay and clay loam and clay, producing good crops; it is timbered with hardwoods, with patches of cedar and other soft woods. Population. — This band numbers 339. Health and Sanitation. — Sanitary measures are fairly well carried out. The houses are neat and clean and whitewashed outside and in. The deaths that have occurred were mostly due to the white plague and grippe. No fevers or other con- tagious diseases made an appearance. Resources and Occupations. — The chief occupation of these Indians is farming, in which they make good progress. Some thirty families reside permanently on their farms and are doing well. They also work in the lumber camps in winter, and load vessels and peel ties and posts in summer. During this winter the resident members of the band cut about 200,000 feet of oak and basswood and elm saw-logs, which would net them nearly $2,000. Sugar-making, basket-work, berry-picking and fancy wa'es are also sources of revenue. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — The buildings are mostly of logs, hewed and neat and clean. There is a marked improvement in the furnishings of the houses; nearly every house has a sewing-machine, and organs and other musical instruments are in many homes. Their stock of cattle and horses is improving in quality. The implements purchased are modern and are well cared for. Education. — The educational facilities on this reserve are good. The children are fairly well educated ; many of them read and write well both in Indian and English. In addition to the regular course, sewing and the making of all kinds of clothing is taught, some material being supplied by the department to facilitate the work. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and law-abiding as a rule. They are copying the white settlers in many respects, improving the roads and spending a good deal of money in addition to the usual statute labour on repairs, and are doing away with their old ways of living. Temperance and Morality. — Along these lines there are few complaints excepting for intemperance. General Eemarks. — This band is progressive. A store and post office is kept by a member of the band, and, following the lead of the white settler and agriculturist, they are improving their lands and repairing the roads. The past season was very favourable for all kinds of produce. Hay and grain were abundant and root crops good. The winter has been long and steady; all kinds of stock have wintered well. The Indians are well dressed and drive good horses and vehicles. OBIDGEWONG BAND. This band consists of only nine persons. Their reserve is situated on the west shore of Lake Wolsley, Manitoulin island. The area is about 400 acres. Some of it is exceptionally well timbered with hardwood. The members of the band depend largely on the soil for maintenance. They are good bushmen, and in winter make ties and posts, and in summer make quite a sum by peeling ties and posts and load- ing vessels. SHESHEGWANING BAND. Tribe. — These Indians are Ojibbewas. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in the township of Robinson, Manitoulin island. Its area is about 5,000 acres. It is fairly well timbered with hardwood, cedar, spruce and other soft woods. i REPORTS OF IXniAN AOEyTS! 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ropulation. — This band numbers 172. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band is poor; the sanitary regulations are well carried out, and the houses are neat and clean. Their clothing is well made and adapted to their work. Occupations. — Farming and gardening are their chief occupations. Some sixteen families reside permanently on their farms, cultivating their farms and raising stock. Others are employed in timbering, loading vessels and fishing. Building's, Stock and Implements. — Their buildings are mostly of logs, hewed outside and in. They are kept clean and neat, some of them being furnished with sewing-machines, musical instruments and other luxuries. Their stock is well cared for. Cattle, horses and pigs are numerous. The implements used are modern. Cov- ered buggies, democrats and wagons are numerous, and a threshing-machine is owned by members of the band. , Education. — The school is well attended. Good work is being done, not only in teaching the usual courses, but in practical housework. The cutting out and mak- ing of clothing is taught the girls, and some of the work shows unusual skill. ■ Characteristics and Progress. — Those of the band who are farmers are doing wen, but need mo»e cleared land. The insufficiency of water has always been a draw- back heretofore to those living on the farms, but the department having drilled four wells on the farms, a good supply has been secured. The farmers" children are the best educated, and appear to have more inclination to steady pursuits, and are improv- ing in their system of cultivating the land. The band as a whole is fairly industrious, law-abiding and increasing its property. Temperance and Morality. — As a whole the band is fairly temperate; some families are rather unsettled, but appear to be improving. General Eemarks. — Some of the members of this band are good farmers. The Sampsons, Negonnewenahs and Bennessawahbais have erected good houses, where they reside permanently. The iiast year gave an abundant crop of hay, grain and roots, and all kinds of stock have wintered well. By thrift and industry these Indians keep theuLselves well supplied with money and are improving the reser^'e by building good roads, having spent $300 last summer, besides the usual statute labour in opening out and repairing the roads. I have, &e., K. THORBURN, • Indian Agent. Province of Ontario, District op Manitoulin, Manitowanixg Agency, Manitowaning, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian AfEairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report concerning (he Indians of this agency for the year ended March 31, 1900. whitefish river band. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians belong to the Ojiblewa tribe. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated near tlie mouth of the Whitefish river, on the north shore of the Georgian bay. It contains an area of about 10,600 16 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 acres. A goodly portion of the land is suitable for agriculture, the remainder is woodland. Population. — The population of this band is 88. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been very good during the past year; there was no epidemic and all necessary precautions have been taken in respect to cleaning their premises. Occupations. — The occupations engaged in by these Indians are farming, lumber- ing, hunting, berry-picking, fishing, making mats and baskets and sugar-making. Buildings. — Their buildings are of log and frame construction, and present a clean and tidy appearance. Stock. — Their stock is composed of horses, cattle and pigs, which are well cared tor and are of the average quality. Farm Implements. — They have a few ploughs and harrows as well as an ample supply of hand tools, such as hoes and spades. Education. — There is no school on this reserve at present. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are fairly industrious, but they do not devote as much attention to agricultural pursuits as is desirable. Generally speak- ing, they work well, and could they only be induced to see the benefits of closely following farming for a livelihood, satisfactory results would follow. Temperance and Morality. — The morals of these Indians are good, and, with few exceptions, they are a temperate people. POINT GRONDIN BAND. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians are of the Ojibbewa tribe. Reserve. — The reserve is situated east of Collins inlet, on the north shore of Georgian bay. It contains an area of 10,100 acres. A large portion of the reserve is suitable for agriculture, the remainder is woodland. Population. — These Indians number 48. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians for the past year has been good; no contagious diseases have been prevalent for the past year. Sanitary precautions have been very well observed, and these Indians are clean in their habits and dwellings. Occupations. — These Indians do a little farming, fish, hunt, pick berries in the summer, work in the lumber-mills, load barges, and work in the lumber camps in winter. Buildings. — They have very comfortable log houses, which they keep in a good state of repair. Stock. — They have scarcely any stock. Farm Implements. — They have very few farm implements. Education. — They have no school on the reserve. The children attend school at \V ikwemikong. Characteristics and Progress. — Industry and sobriety are characteristics of these Indians, and were they only good farmers, they would soon show great improvement. Temperance and Morality. — They are on the whole a temperate people and com- mendably conformable to the laws of morality. WHITEFISH LAKE BAND. Reserve.— The reserve of this band is situated about 12 miles from Sudbury, on the Algoma branch of the Canadian Pacific railway, where there is a station called Naughton. This re.scrve has an area of 4.3,755 acres. A large portion of the reserve is good agrioidtiiral land. Population.— This band has a population of 166. 1 REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Health aud Sanitation. — The health of these Indians for the past year has been fairly good ; there have been no epidemics and all the resident members of the band have been vaccinated. Occupations. — These Indians engage in gardening and hunting. They plant small gardens, fish, hunt, act as guides to prospectors and work in the lumber camps. Buildings. — Nearly all their buildings are constructed of logs, and are kept in a very good state of repair. Stock. — They have very little stock. Farm Implements. — They have but few farm implements. Education. — There is a day school on the reserve in charge of a competent teacher, and the Indians seem to be taking more interest in the education of their children than formerly. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band are fond of hunting and averse to agriculture. Were they to adapt themselves to the latter, they would seen advance to a higher level and there would be a general improvement amongst them. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate and moral. TAHGAIWININI BAND. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians are of the Ojibbewa tribe. Reserve. — They have a reserve at Wahnipitae on the north shore of the Georgian bay, but the greater portion of the band reside on the unceded portion of the Mani- toulin island. Their reserve contains an area of 2,560 acres, which is all wild land. Population. — This band has a population of 201. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians have enjoyed fairly good health and observed the sanitary regulations of the department. They keep their houses in good order from a sanitary view. Occupations. — Farming is the principal occupation of these Indians. Buildings. — Their buildings are constructed principally of logs and are kept in a good state of repair and are comfortable aud clean. Stock. — Their stock is of fair quality and showing improvement. Farm Implements. — They are fully equipped with all kinds of modern farm im- plements, which they take very good care of. ' Education. — The children of this band are educated principally at Wikwemikong. Characteristics and Progress — They are industrious, law-abiding, and are making steady progress in farming, to which avocation they are giving more practical atten- tion. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians on the whole are moral and temperate in their habits. MAGANATAWAN BAND. The members of this band who reside on the Manitoulin island number 41. They live mostly at West Bay and on the unceded portion of the Manitoulin island, where they successfully farm and garden and are generally prosperous and contented. In winter they find employment in the lumber camps, and are remuneratively engaged in loading lumber barges in the summer months. Their general measure of advance- ment is identical with that of the West Bay and Manitoulin Island unceded bands. This reserve, together with the affairs of its Indians, is under the control of the Parry Sound agency. SPANISH RIVER BAND, DIVISION NO. 3. The members of this band number 368. They nearly all reside on the unceded portion of Manitoulin island. They are of the Ojibbewa tribe and their general affairs 27— i— 2 18 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 nre identical with those of the Indians of Manitoulin Island unceded, with whom they are included in the agricultural and industrial statistics. SUCKER LAKE BAKD. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians belong- to the Ojibbewa and Ottawa tribes. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated in the township of Assiginack on the Manitoulin island. It has an area of 599 acres. Population. — The Indians of this band number 14. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians during the past year has been very good, and their houses and premises are kept clean. Buildings. — Their dwellings are constructed of logs and are in a fair state of repair. There is one fine frame barn on the reserve which would do credit to any white farmler. Stock.— Their stock is of the average quality and well eared for. Farm Implements. — They are fully equipped with all kinds of farm implements, v;hich they take very good care of. Education. — There is' no school on this reserve, the children receiving their educa- tion at Wikwemikong. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious, law-abiding and are getting along well. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate, and with few exceptions are a moral people. SUCKER CREEK BAND. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band belong to the Ojibbewa and Ottawa tribes. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in the' northern part of the township of Ho^w- land, Manitoulin island, about 4 miles from the prosperous town of Little Current. Tt has an area of 1,665 acres. Population. — This band has a population of 100. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians are, generally speaking, healthy 'and strong. No epidemics have ravaged the reserve, and sanitary precautions are very well observed. Occupations. — They engage in general farming and stock-raising. Some of them work steadily during the summer season at the lumber-mills at Little Current, and they also find employment in getting out timber and loading vessels. Buildings. — Most of them have comfortable dwellings, which are kept 'neat and clean and well furnished. In this respect they compare favourably with the white settlers throughout the township. Stock. — This band has a very fair assortment of stock, consisting of horses and cattle; these arc well eared for by their respective owners. I'arm Implements. — They are fully equipped with modern up-to-date agricultural implements. Education. — There is a 'day school on the reserve, which is attended by the child- ren, who are making very good progress in their studies. Characteristics and Progress. — The members of this band are a hard-working and thrifty lot of Indians, 'and quite up to the standard of advancement. Their chief is a good man, who takes practical interest in the local government of the band, and is for improving and encouraging progress both by precept and example. Temperance and Morality. — A few of the members of this band are addicted to the use of liquor and use the same to excess at every opportunity; but the majority of the band are teetotalers, for which they deserve praise, as their ready access to the largest town on the island, where there is no lack of unscrupulous men ready by i REPORTS OF ISDIAN AGENTS 19 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 covert means to supply them with liquor, is a constant menace to the moral barriers behind which they have learned to shield themselves. SHEGUIANDAH BAND. Tribe or Nation. — The Ojibbewa and Ottawa tribes are represented in this band. Reserve. — This reserve lies convenient to the waters of the Georgian bay, in the northwestern part of the township of Sheguiandah, close to the white village of the same name. It contains an area of 5,106 acres. A goodly portion of this reserve is suitable for farming; the remainder is grazing land. Population. — The population of this band is 104. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians during the year has been very good, there having been no epidemic among them. They keep themselves and premises clean, observing to a marked degree the sanitary precautions prescribed by the department. Occupations. — Their chief avocation is general farming. Sugar-making, basket- making, berry-picking and cutting wood are also engaged in, and they also find em- ployment in loading barges at Little Current during the season of navigation. Buildings. — The buildings of these Indians are well constructed and furnished as well in many eases as lliose of the average settler. Stock. — They have very little stock. Farm Implements. — They havn an ample supply of farm implements for their requirements, which they take very good care of. Education. — There is a day school on this reserve, which is in charge of a com- petent teacher, and the children are making satisfactory progress in their studies. The parents seem anxious to have their children educated. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians may be characterized as being in- telligent and thrifty; they are progressing as well as can be expected, and are a well- behaved people. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate and moral. SOUTH BAY BAND. Reserve. — These Indians occupy a portion of the uneeded part of Manitoulin island. They number 62. Their general measure of advancement is identical with that of the Indians of the Manitoulin Island uneeded band, with whom they are included in the agricultural and industrial statistics. INDUNS OF MANITOULIN ISLAND, UNCEDED. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians belong to the Ojibbewa and Ottawa tribes. Reserve. — This rescive comprises the eastern end of the Manitoulin island, easterly of Haywood sound and Manito\ilin gulf. It contains an area of about 10.5,000 acres. A large portion of this reserve is land of excellent quality for agi-icultural purposes; the remainder is tiinber and grazing land. Population. — These Indians number 663. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians, on the whole, for the past year has been very good; no contagious disease, other than consumption, has visited the reserve. All necessary precautions have been taken in respect to cleaning premises. The majority of their dwellings are kept neat and clean and are comfortably furnished. Occupations. — These Indians are taking a very lively interest in fanning, and are progressing very favourably. They took out this winter 25,000 cedar railway ties and a quantity of shingle timber, all of which the department disposed of for them •It very high figures. They also engage in fishing, lumbering, making fancy bark ■ work, sugar-making and berry-picking. 27— i— 2i 20 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Buildings. — Their log and frame dwelling-houses are generally very comfortable, commodious and neatly and tastefully constructed. Barns and other outbuildings are kept very well renovated. Stock. — Their stock is in very fair condition and more attention is being given is cleared. Population. — The total population shown by the present census is 198. Health and Sanitation. — The health here has been very good, there being but one death during the year. A good many of the homes are very clean and tidy. Occupations. — A few spend a while in the spring trapping, afterwards with tourists for the summer months; others attend to their farms and are making steady improvement in agriculture. Buildings. — They have a very pretty little church, also a very nice hall, both of brick, but all the other buildings are of frame and log. Stock. — The stock here is very well cared for. A good many have a few cows and horses, and take very good care of them. Farm Implements. — Most of them are very careful of their machinery, of which they have a very good supply. Education. — Here they have a nice comfortable school-room, well ventilated. The children do not attend school very well, and, of course, as a result the progress they are making is very unsatisfactory. Characteristics and Progress. — Some are very industrious and .are making very rapid progress, becoming richer each year, while others are very indolent and, unless they change greatly, will always be poor. Temperance and Morality. — A good many are very fond of strong drinlv, but others are strictly temperate and moral. I have, &c., \m. McFAELANE, Indian Agent, Provin'ce of Ontario, MlSSISSAGlAS OF ScrooG, Port Perrv. June 1, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report for the Mississagua band cf Indians for the year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — The Mississagua reserve in the township of Scugog, in the county of Ontario, is distant about 8 miles from the town of Port Perry. In all there is an area of about 800 acres of land, .500 of which is rented to the whites; of the remainder part is timbered and part farmed b.y members of the band. Population. — The population is 34. During the year there was one death from old age and one from consumption. Health and Sanitation. — The general Jicalth of the Indians is good. The women are neat about their homes and the general surroundings are good. Occupations. — The .senior members of the band spend most of the time hunting and fishing; while the young men engage in farming or hire with the whites. Buildings. — The buildings are modern and in a good state of repair, there remain- ing only one old log residence. 24 DEPARTMEA'T OF IKDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Stock. — The live stock is only fair, due to neglect of supply of sufficient feed and care. Farm Implements. — The farm implements, although good and plentiful, are not properly housed or cared for. Education. — The public school close at hand, although not separate to the Indians, is conducted by a competent teacher. The children are progressing favourably and their parents are assisting them in regular attendance. Characteristics and Progress. — The young men are ambitious and willing to work, still they are not good managers for themselves. Temperance. — Occasionally an older member of the band may indulge in intem- perance, but the young men do not at all seem so inclined. The Indians are appar- ently at all times very friendly to the whites and the best of harmony prevails. I have, &c., A. W. WILLIAMS, Indian Agent. Provincb of Ontario, MOHAWAKS OF THE BaY OF QuiNTE, Deseronto, May 16, 1909. Frakk Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report for the Tyendinage band of Indians for the year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — The Mohawk reserve, situated in the township of Tyendinaga, county of Hastings, reaches from the township of Thurlow on the west to the town of Des- eronto on the east, and borders on the north shore of the Bay of Quinte, sloping southerly to the bay, and contains in round numbers about 17,000 acres, the greater part being good tillable" land and in a good state of cultivation, the remaining part being pasture-lands and in some parts partly timbered with second-growth trees and bushes, shallow plains, rocks and marshes. Population. — The population of this band is 1,354, being an increase over last year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians during the past year has been fairly good. There were a few cases of scarlet fever and measles, which were quickly overcome. There were two cases of tuberculosis, but two cases out of a population of 1,354 is a low average. I attribute this to endeavouring to educate the Indians to keep their houses in a sanitary condition, and I beg to say they have carried out these instructions, as their houses and yards are well cleaned and will compare favourably \.ith any community of white people. Tvpsources and Occupations. — The principal occupations of the Indians are farm- ing and working at cement-mills and factories in Deseronto. The land is very pro- ductive when properly tilled. Some farms are kept in a good state of cultivation, others are badly worked, thereby having a tendency to grow up -with foul weeds. Some of tnc land, being level, needs draining. In some instances fences are in bad repair, and in some cases new fences should be built, as some are wholly gone. Each sum- mer a portion of new fence is being built, mostly of cedar posts and Frost wire, and also old fences repaired, which is a noticeable improvement each year. In several instances the Indians seem to take a delight in keeping their farms in good repair, providing houses for their stock and implements. i REPORTS OF IXDIAN AGENTS 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 There are some sixty farms on this reserve under lease to white people, the rents from which are partly applied on fences and buildings. The remainder goes to the livinrr expense of the locatee. The crops were hardly as good as former years, owing to the extreme wet weather during seeding. In fact, some of the lands, being wet, could not be Seeded, and in some cases where seeding had taken place, the land baked, consequently the grain did not germinate. Hay and straw were rather short owing to dry weather immediately after a wet seed-time. However, the stock seems to have wintered in fairly good condition and scarcely any fodder had to be purchased. The Indians have an agricultural society, which was established some five or six years ago, and has held six very successful fairs on its grounds at the council- hDuse, the interest in this enterprise being well maintained, the stock and products exhibited comparing favourably with that of the whites in the surrounding townships, which is an incentive to the Indians, they vieing with each other to produce better stock as also better grain and other produce. Buildings. — Some new buildings were erected during the year, and considerable repairs have been made to old buildings, which were badly needed. Stock. — The horses and cattle are chiefly a mixed breed and of very good quality. There is a tendency still further to improve this stock, as some Indians have bought well-bred Jerseys and also Ilolsteins and pride theniselves on these improvements. Dairying. — Dairying is carried on to considerable extent, the Indians sending their milk to the cheese factories, which pays theui well. The cows are mostly well cared for and are in good condition. Pigs are raised and fed with whey from the factory, and are sold at a good profit. Fann Implements. — All kinds of the latest improved farm implements are used by the Indians, as also the white tenants, but they are poorly housed. However, the Indians see the necessity of carefully housing these implements and have in several instances erected buildings to house them. Education. — There are four schools on this reserve. Some of the children were attending the adjoining school. We, therefore, thought wise to move the school known as the Swamp school 2 miles further west, thereby providing accommodation for these children and also a saving to the band of nearly $200 each year and still main- taining the efficiency of the school. Two of these schools are taught by members of this band with very satisfactory results; the other two have white teachers. Some parents are very dilatory in sending their children to school and require constant watching. Characteristics and Progress. — Indians who are sober and industrious are law- abiding and are constantly bettering their circumstances and properties, while those who are idolent and dissipated are gradually getting more destitute and miserable as they advance in years. But there are very few who are in this condition. Temperance and Morality. — There are members of this band who use liquor to excess, thereby wasting their means, not only for liquor, but paying fine and costs in cases where they do not go to prison. A large majority are temperate in their habits and a number are teetotalers. Intemperance is a curse and it i'' almost impossible to convict those who supply liquor to the Indians. Most of the adult members of the band attend church regularly, having two fine churches on the reserve which they pride themselves in. The children attend Sunday school regularly, ilorally the band is very good ; the only trouble being in some cases drunkenness and a distaste for payment of debts, and when called upon to testify in regard to drunkenness they have no regard for truthfulness. I have, &c., JOS. R. STAINTON, Indian Agent. DEPARTMENT OF INDIAK AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Province of Ontario, Moravians of the Thames, DiART, April 21, 1909. Frank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Siipt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of the Moravian Indians of the Thames for the year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — The reserve comprises 3,010 acres in the northern part of the township of Orford in the county of Kent, on the south bank of the Thames river. Population. — The population is 330. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been very good. During the past year there have been no epidemics of any kind. These Indians are particularly clean about their yards and whitewashint;- their houses. The doctor made 123 visits and filed 472 prescriptions for their benefit. Occupations. — Nearly all these Indians farm more or less; quite a number of the young men work for neighbouring farmers. Some trap, hunt, and make baskets and mats. Buildings. — The buildings are frame and log. No new ones were erected last year, the old ones being made as comfortable as possible. Many wire fences are taking the place of the old rail and brush fences, adding much to the appearance of the farms. Stock. — These Indians have considerable stock, some very good horses, cattle and hogs. One can see quite an improvement at their annual fall fair. Implements. — All implements necessary for farming are used on the reserve. Education. — There is but one school, centrally located, and within reach of all, and the ehildren have been doing well, being efficiently taught by Miss Ross during 1908. Since then we have been unfortunate; we could not secure a teacher for the first three months of 1909. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are constantly improving; they are mostly industrious, and very few of them ever are in want. They hold a fair every year, which attracts thousands of people and is a source of considerable revenue for them. The roads are well kept up and are under the supervision of eight pathmasters. Temperance and Morality. — The conduct of this band as far as temperance is concerned is not just what we should like, but is fairly good. Their morals are im- proving. Tliey attend church very regularly, twice a day on Sundays, and quite often have week night meetings, assisted by the resident minister. They are all Methodists. I have, &c., A. R. Mcdonald, Indian Agent. i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS ZI SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Province of Oktario, Ojibbewas of Lake Stperior, Eastern Division. Sault Ste. Marie. April 15, 1909 Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Siipt. General of Indian Affairs. Ottawa. Sm, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of this agency for tlie fiscal year ended March 31. 1909 GARDEN RI\ER BAND. Reserve. — Tile Garden River reserve covers about 29,000 acre.s of land, situated p short distance east of the town of Sault Ste. Marie, on the north bank of the St. Mary river, through which the Soo branch of the Canadian Pacific railway runs from east to west. Garden station is situated in the reserve. The greater part of the settlement is along the banks of the river, where the Indians have small holdings of cultivated land. Population. — At the last census the population was 434. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemics have broken out in this band during the past year. The general health is fairly good, although a good deal of tuberciilosis is found among members nf the band. Occupations. — Small farming and lumbering in the winter are their chief occupa- tions. Buildings. — Some of the band occupy comfortable frame houses, and many hewed log houses neatly whitewashed are to be found. All the Indians of this band occupy houses; none of them live in wigwams. Stock. — These are the ordinary farm implements, such a.s ploughs, harrows and cultivators. Very little other machinery is to be found here. Education. — There are two public schools, one conducted under the regulations cf the Church of England, the other under the Roman Catholic, and they are reason- ably well attended. There is an Anglican church, also a Roman Catholic chuTch. Characteristics and Progress. — No great advancement has been made in this respect. Some of them are fairly industrious, others improvident. Temperance and Morality. — A few of the members of this band are strictly temperate, while others drink when they get an opportunity. BATCHAWANA BAND. Reserve. — All the reserve owned by this band at the pre.sent time is situated on the west shore of Goulais bay, composed of about 1,600 acres, where a portion of the band reside. About 50 of them live on the west shore of Batchawana bay, Iwing squatters on i)rivate land. Two or three families live at Gros Cap on a lot purchased by the departjnent for them a few years ago. The majority of the band reside on the Garden River reserve. Population. — At the last census the band numbered 391 persons. Health and Sanitation. — This band has been free from epidemics during the past year, and their health has been fairly good. Occupations. — Those living on the Garden River reserve cultivate small portions of land and engage in lumbering in the winter. The residents of Goulais Bay and Batchawana engage mostly in fishing and hunting. 28 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Buildings. — A few frame houses are to be found, but the greater number are of logs. Stock and Implements. — The stock kept by the members of this band residing at Garden River is mostly cattle and horses. Verj- little stock is owned by any of the others. Education. — The Roman Catholic school at Goulais Bay is the only one belong- ing to this band. Children at Garden River attend the Garden River schools. Temperance and Moralitj'. — They are fairly temperate, but when the opportunity offers, many of them use intoxicating liquors. MICHIPICOTEN BAKD. Reserve. — This reserve consists of about 9,000 acres, a short distance west of the mouth of the Michipicoten river, on the north shore of Lake Superior. Population. —The population of the portion of this band vi-s^ited by me during the past year is about 120; of these only 18 souls, consisting of five families, reside on the reserve; of the others, 31 reside at Michipicoten River and a portion of the re- mainder reside at Saull Ste. Marie and others on the Garden River reserve. Health and Sanitation. — Very little sickness and very few deaths have been reported during the past year among this portion of the band. Occupations. — The Indians residing on the reserve at Michipicoten River are em- ployed in hunting and trapping during the winter season. Builuings. — There are five dwelling-houses on the reserve (Little Gros Cap), also a Roman Catholic church. Education. — There is a school at Michipicoten River attended by the children of the band and supported by the department. Temperance and Morality. — With a few exceptions, the members of the band* visited by me arc temperate in their habits I have, &c., WM. L. NICHOLS, Indian Agent. PROVINCE OF Ontario, Ojibbewas of Lake Superior, Western Division, Port Arthur, March 30, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs. Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following annual report of this agency for the year ended March 31, 1909. LONG lake band. Reserve. — The reserve is situated on the northwest end of Long lake, and con- tains 640 acres; the land is sandy loam, well timbered. Population. — The band numbers 256 persons. Health and Sanitation. — The health of tlic band has been very good. Occupations. — Their chief occupation is hunting. During the past three years a number of the young men have been employed with the Grand Trunk Pacific as i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGENTS 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 packers and canoemen. During the summer a large number are employed by the Hudson's Bay Company and Eevillon Bros, in transporting supplies. Buildings. — They have only three houses built, which are only used during the summer. Education. — A school was open at Long Lake post until October, and was closed for the want of a teacher. Characteristics and ProgTCSS. — They do very little land-cultivating. They are law-abiding and industrious as hunters and in their employment as canoemen and packers. Temperance and Morality. — The opportunity to procure liquor is far removed. Their general conduct is good. I'lC BANn. Eeserve. — This reserve is situate on the Pic river. Lake Superior, and contains 800 acres divided into 25 farms facing the river. The land is sandy loam, suitable for potatoes and vegetables. Most of the lots are well fenced. Population. — The band numbers 218 persons. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good; they keep their houses and premises clean. Occupations. — The principal occupations are hunting, fishing and picking blue- berries in season. A number find employment with the Hudson's Bay Company, Kevillon Bros, and the Grand Trunk Pacific survey as canoemen and packers. Buildings. — The houses are mostly log, well built, and are comfortable and clean. Education. — The school was re-opened in November under a capable teacher. The attendance is increasing and the interest taken by the parents and children is satisfactory. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians show considerable industry in their gardens by raising potatoes, and keep the fences in good order; the reserve shows an improvement in this respect. They are law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They give little cause for complaint; liquor is far removed. Their general conduct is good. NIPIGOX B.VND. Eeserves. — The regular reserve is at the mouth of Gull river and contains 7,500 acres. The land is sandy clay loam, is well timbered with spruce, tamarack, poplar and jack-pine. There are two other divisions of this band — one at Grand Bay, containing 585 acres, and the other on Jackfish island containing 286 acres. Population. — The population of the band is 455 persons. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good with the exception of a number of bad colds during the early part of the present winter. The houses and premises are kept clean. Occupations. — Hunting and fishing are the chief occupations. A number find employment with the Grand Trunk Pacific survey, Revillon Bros, and the Hudson's Bay Company as canoemen and packers. They do little towards cultivating their lands except to raise potatoes. Education. — A school has been open at the Grand Bay reserve; the attendance is increasing. Buildings. — The buildings are made of logs, are comfortable and kept clean. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious when employed as canoemen and packers and are well spoken of. They are good hunters and trappers. They are law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are far from where intoxicants can be obtained and have few opportunities to indulge. Their morals give little cause for complaint. 30 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 PAYS PLAT BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated near the mouth of Pays Plat river,. Lake Superior, and contains 640 acres, well timbered with tamarack, spruce and poplar. The greater portion is good land. . Population. — The population of the band is 58 persons. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the band has been good. Their premises and houses are kept clean. Occupations. — Hunting, trapping and fishing are the chief occupations, also acting as guides for tourists and explorers, picking berries in season. Ready sale could be had for hay and root crops. Buildings. — The buildings are mostly small log cabins. They are comfortable and are kept clean. Education. — These Indians have had no school during the year. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious when employed. They do no farming except raise potatoes for their own use. Temperance and Morality. — The chief has good control over the band and their conduct is generally good. RED ROCK BAND. Reserve. — The reserve is situated on the Nlpigon river above Lake Helen, and contains 486 acres well timbered. The land is a clay loam suitable for agricultural purposes. Population. — The population of the band is 235 persons. Health and Sanitation. — The general hwilth has been good ; during the early part of the present winter there were a number of bad colds owing to the changeable weather. Precautions are observed in keeping the houses and premises clean. Occupations. — Acting as guides to fishermen tourists on the Nipigon river they earn good wages and are considered good guides. They transport supplies for Revillon Bros, and the Hudson's Bay Company, and in winter they hunt and trap. Buildings. — Their houses are mostly built of logs, are comfortable, warm and clean. Stock. — Individually they own several horses and cattle. Farm Implements. — The ploughs, harrows and garden tools are eared for by the chief. Education. — The Lake Helen Mission school, under Mr. J. Alix, shows fair ad- vancement and good attendance. The parents take an interest in the advancement of the children. Characteristics and Progress. — The majority are law-abiding and industrious in their work where employed. If they could be induced to pay more attention to farm- ing, they could sell all the hay and vegetables they could raise. Temperance and Morality. — Liquor is sold at Nipigon village and strict observ- ance has to be maintained by the constables to see that it is not purchased or taken to the reserve. Generally speaking, their conduct is good. FORT WILLIAM BAND. Reserve.— The reserve is situated south of the Kaministiciuia river, extending to Lake Superior, and contains 11,550 acres. A portion of the reserve is well timbered, a large portion is rocky, but there is sufficient good laud for cultivation. Population. — The band numbers 275 persons. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good; precautions arc ob- served in regard to keeping houses and premises clean. i REPORTS OF INDIAy AGEXTS 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Occupations. — Hunting, fishing and berry-picking in season are the chief occupa- tions; little farming is done; a number of the young men work in the lumber camps in winter. Buildings. — The buildings are frame and log, and are comfortable. Stock. — Individually they own a number of horses and cattle. Education. — The St. Joseph's Indian industrial school, formerly at the old mis- sion, has removed to Fort William. The school at Mission Bay has been open since last June, has a good attendance and shows improvement. The school at the ^[oiintain will probably be opened this spring. Characteristics and Morality. — The Jesuit mission has considerable control over them and sets a good example, which could be profitably followed. The majority are law-abiding. With a few exceptions their morals are good. Temperance. — A small number are inclined to use intoxicants. Two paid con- stables on the reserve keep good order and their presence tends to lessen the chances to get liquor. I have, &c., XEIL McDOUGALL, Indian Agent. Province of Ost.\rio, Parrv Sound SuPERrxTEXDEXCY, P.\RRY Sou.ND, June 4, 1909. FraXk Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report and statistical statement showing the condition and progress of the various bands in this superintendency for the year ended March 31, 1909. PARRY ISLAND BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated ou the eastern shore of the Georgian bay, near the town of Parry Sound. The Canada Atlantic branch of the Grand Trunk Rail- way system has a lake port terminus on this reserve at Depot Harbour. It contains an area of 27 square miles. The soil is sandy loam ; 60 jjer cent of the area is suit- able for agriculture and pasturage. Population. — The population of this reserve, exclusive of the half-breeds and Indians who are not members of the band, is 107. Health. — The health of the Indians of this band has been very indifferent during the year. There has been no epidemic among them nor any contagious disease. They have acquired rheumatism and bronchial troubles, caused chiefly by improper ven- tilation and over-heating the small domiciles they occupy. Occupations. — The resources of this band are agriculture and grazing on a small scale, wood-cutting, bark-peeling and loading vessels at the adjacent mills. Hunting and fishing are not followed as sources of livelihood or profit. During the tourist season many are employed as guides and boatmen for the tourists and health-seekers. There are a few who pay some attention to farming, and live more independently and comfortably than those that follow other pursuits. If they could be persuaded tc house their cattle more comfortably and harvest their crops properly and store them up, they would find the benefit in a short time. 32 DEPARTMEXT Of INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Crops. — The crops were very light owing to the severe drought, and the slovenly mnnner in which the Indians stack their hay left the cattle fodder with many very scarce during the winter. Buildings and stock. — The buildings are neat and comfortable, and the dwellings are kept clean and well whitewashed. Education. — The educational affairs of this band are in a fairly satisfactory con- dition. There are two schools on this reserve, about 6 miles apart. They are taught by female teachers, each holding a third-class certificate. There are 20 children in the band of school age, besides the children of the non-members who are attending the school. The attendance during the year has been very good among the smaller ones. The boys as they grow up to 14 or 15 cease to attend, and seldom can be per- suaded to return to the school class. The progress of the pupils has been as good as could be expected for the past year. Characteristics. — The older members of this band are a sober, industrious, law- abiding people. The younger people are not, as a rule, sober or a well-behaved lot. They will not divulge from whom they get their liquor, and the flimsy penalty of a few days in jail for a punishment is more of a comfort to the delinquent than other- wise. SHAWANAGA BAND. Eeserve. — This reserve is situated about 3 miles inland from the Georgian bay on the Shawanaga river, about 23 miles from the town of Parry Sound via the mail Btage route. The Sudbury- Toronto branch of the Canadian Pacific railway runs through the reserve, which will be a boon to the Indians by creating a market for hemlock bark, railway ties, fence posts and telegraph poles, &c. The reserve contains an area of 14 square miles. The soil is light and sandy loam, about 50 per cent ol agricultural and^razing land; residue, rock and marsh. Population. — This band numbers 114. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been very indifferent. There have been very few eases of serious illness, but many have suffered from rheumatism and the effects of grippe. Occupations. — The Indians of this band are not inclined to agriculture. Roam- ing from place to place and at times out on the deep waters of the Georgian bay in the trout and whitefish netting season; on the rivers driving saw-logs or coasting vith the health and pleasure seekers among the thousands of islands in the bay, or in the autumn with the hunters and hounds; no matter to them the cold or wet, any thing but manual labour. The women pick berries and make baskets and cultivate the small patches of vegetables for the sustenance of themselves and the children. Education. — The children of this band are taught in the school on the reserve, where the exercises are conducted by Mr. W. A. Elias, who has done good work since he took charge of the school. During the winter months he opened a night school, wliich was well attended by the larger boys and young men. Temperance and Morality. — I am pleased to say that notwithstanding the temp- tations that were thrown in the way of these Indians for the past two years during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's work through the re- serve, their conduct has been very exemplary when hundreds of navvies from all' quarters of the globe are moving among the Indian houses daily. There has not been a case of violence or disorderly conduct reported to me. Constable Jones is a stem, trustworthy officer. WATHA (formerly GIBSON) BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated between the southern end of Muskoka lake and the Georgian bay. It contains an area of 25,582 acres. i h'EPOliTii OF IXDIAy AGEXTS 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Population. — The population of this biuid is 130. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band for the year has been very in- different. Early in the summer a visitor from the Brantford reserve suffering from Jiphtheria introduced the deadly disease, which lingered in the band for nearly three months. I promptly closed the school and put A. M. Burgess, M.D., of Bala, in full charge, and he quarantined the settlement. Eveiything was done that could be done to stamp out the epidemic. The school-house and dwellings were fumigated. It re- quired stern promptitude, without harshness, to get the people to understand the fatality of the dreaded disease, which wa.s tinally stamped out. Occupations. — The members of this band depend chiefly on farming for a living. In the winter mouths many of the young men find employment in the lumber camps. in the spring they go river-driving, and in the summer many are engaged at peeling hemlock bark; others are employed as canoemen by the tourists and the proprietors of the summer resorts. Buildings. — The buildings on this reserve are good, clean and comfortable, con- structed principally on the same style as the Quebec habitant domiciles. Stables and outhouses are far superior to those on any other reserve in this sujjerintendency. Their school-house is second to no country school-house in the district of Muskoka. Their church is a neat and prepossessing structure. Characteristics. — This band may be considered among the most industrious and progressive in the superintendency. These Indians have two small sa\y-mills, which are jDroving a boon to the band, where they can get lumber and shingles for their build- ings. Education. — There is one school on this reserve. It is known as the "Sahanatien' school, and is conducted by a female teacher holding a third-class certificate. Th" number of children of school age is 3G. The school is under the supervision of the Methodist Missionary Society. The progress of the education up to January 1, 1909, has not been as good as it should have been, owing to the teaching having been farmed lUt to persons from choice and not for qualification. Temperance and Morality. — The conduct of the band in these respects is fair. M.4.GAXATAWA.V BAXP. Reserve. — This reserve is situated about 5 miles from the mouth of the Maganata- «-an river. It contains an area of 11,370 acres. Population. — There are on the reserve 30 members of this band who reside pci-- manently here; the remainder reside scattered around the Manitouliu coast. Health. — The health of the resident members of this band for the past year ha.* been exceptionally good. Occupations.— The members of this band cultivate small gardens, gi-owing vege- tables, such as potatoes, com, beans, onions, carrots, beets, &c. They find a ready market for the same during the summer season at the boarding-houses and among the millmen's families. Hunting and fishing are about abandoned among these people. Buildings and Stock.— The buildings are small, neat, clean and comfortable. Their live stock will compare favourably with that of their French Canadian neigh- bours. Education.— There is no school on this reserve. The children who do go to school go a distance of 2 miles to the public school at Byng Inlet north. Characteristics and Temperance.- The Indians of this band are an industrious and well-behaved people. The male portion are addicted to tippling when they can get the liquor. 27— i— 3 34 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 HENVEY INLET BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on one of the arms or inlets of the Georgian bay, ahnost midway hetween Byng Inlet and French River. The village is known as Kahbekahnong. The reserve contains an area of 30 square miles; 60 per cent of this reserve is rock and marsh. The Sudbury-Toronto branch of the Canadian Pacific rail- way crosses the northeast corner of the reserve. The Canadian Northern railway has a branch line running through the reserve to the Georgian bay at the mouth of the Key river on the west side of the reserve. Population. — The population of this band is 171. Health. — The health of this band has not been very good during the past year. Occupations. — Hunting, fishing, guiding and berry-picking seem to be their choice of work. Some of the young men work around the mill, loading vessels in a transi- tory manner during the summer months. Education. — The number of school children is 32. There is one school on the reserve. The school is conducted by Mr. Partridge, an Indian teacher, holding a certificate or permit from the district school inspector. The children have made good progress in their studies and are in a fair way of being as far advanced as many of those that have had better advantages. Buildings. — The buildings owned by the members of the band are neat and sub- stantial hewed log houses, whitewashed and clean, giving them an appearance of neat- ness and comfort, built on the sloping hillsides of the dark deep waters of the inlet. The horse and cattle stables are nothing more than a few logs rolled together and poorly thatched. Farm Implements. — The few implements they use are principally grub-hoes, mattocks, rakes and garden hoes, which they look after with a degree of care. Characteristics. — The older members of the band, residents of the reserve, are temperate and moral and very thrifty, but the weight of years is making its impression on them. The younger members, prefer cruising around the shores of Lake Huron and the Manitoulin island. I have, &c., D. F. MACDONALD, Indian Superintendent. Provdjoe of Ontario, Saugeen Agency, Chippawa Hill, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs. Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report on the affairs of this agency for the year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — The Saugeen reserve is located in the township of Amabel, county of Bruce, on the eastern shore of Lake Huron. It comprises an area of 9,020 acres. The soil is principally of a light swampy character, and about one-half of the total area of the reserve is still under timber. Population. — The Cliippawas of Saugeen number 413 persons. Health and Sanitation. — With the exception of some who suffer from hereditary diseases like consumption, the health of the Indians has been good. The Indians are giving increased attention to the observance of sanitary conditions. i REPORTS OF IXDIAlf AGENTS 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Occupations. — The greater number of the Indians of this reserve are engaged in clearing and cultivating their holdings. Many of each sex also work with white people of the neighbouring towns and country as hired help. A number work at baskets, rustic work, berry-picking in its season, gathering medicinal roots and taking out dead and fallen timber in winter. Buildings. — The public buildings are good, being all brick or stone. Private buildings are fair and are kept in good repair. Additions are being made and new buildings taking the place of those that become unfit for occupation. Stock. — The live stock on the reserve consists of horses, cattle and hogs. There are not nearly a sufficient number of cattle kept to consume the pasture during the summer, but more than are properly fed during winter. Farm Implements. — The Indians have all the implements that are necessary for seeding and harvesting the crop. Education. — The important question of education is continually being brought to the attention of the Indians. The reserve is divided into three school sections, in each of which there is a fairly well-equipped school-house, which is kept open during the school year. Many of the parents send their children with commendable regu- larity, but there are cases which require compulsion. On the whole, the schools are doing good work and the progress of the pupils is fair. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band, on the whole, are indo- lent, although some are industrious. They all lack thrift and energy. The progress is, therefore, slow, but each year sees them generally adding to their home comforts. Temperance and Morality. — Few of the Indians are addicted to the constant use of intoxicants, but some occasionally indulge, although very seldom since local option came into force in the neighbouring municipalities. • I have, &c., JOHN SCOFFIELD, Indian Agent. Province of Ontario, Six Nation Indians, J?i!ANTFORD. April 10. 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir. — I have the honour to submit my annual report of th>'^ Six Nation'; of the Grand Eiver for the year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — The reserve comprises the township of Tuscarora and part of the town- ship of Onondaga, in the county of Brant, and a portion of the township of Oneida, in the county of Ilaldimand. It contains 43,696 acres. Population. — The Six Nations consist of- — Mohawks l.'''6''> Oneidas 361 Onondagas 3.')9 Tuscaroras -^^^ Cayugas 1.014 Seneeas 213 Delawares 1^^ 4,275 27— i— 31 36 DEPARTUEXr OF IXUIAX AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 The number of tribes comprising llio Six Xations Confederation was not always tile same. Prior to 1714 it was the Five Kations, when the Tuscaroras were admitted, bince which time it has been called the Six Xalions. Health and Sanitation. — There was a small outbreak of typhoid fever of an unusually severe type, 26 cases in all, with 2 deaths. Two Indians and a white tenant contracted small-pox in an adjoining township. They were isolated in a tent at the hospital and recovered, the expense of the outbreak being only $35.20. In September last a tent hospital was opened at Ohsv.-eken fur tlie treatment primarily of tubercular patients, but incidentally of all sick. There are two large double-walled tents with accommodation for ten buds in each, a matron's tent, surgi- cal tent, isolation tent and servant's tent. A frame kitchen, latrines, septic tank, ice-house anfl windmill were also erected in connection therewith. Notwithstanding many ver.y cold and windy days, the patients and attendants passed the winter with- out any discomfort. Much credit is due Dr. Holmes, the medical officer, for the con ■ stiuction of the hospital, as all the work was done under his personal supervision and direction. Since the hospital was opened 22 patients have been admitted; of these six were tubercular, of whom one died, four recovered, and one is still under treat- ment. The Indians at first were slow to take advantage of the hospital, but their prejudice is gradually being removed. During the year 5,605 patients were treated at the medical office on the reserve; 1,310 visits were made; 1.648 patients seen on calls, and 4,125 miles travelled by the physicians on the reserve. The board of health is doing good work in enforcing sanitary measures. The council-house, where large gatherings are held, is regularly and thoroughly cleaned after each meeting, carbolic acid being freely used. The general health has been fairly good. The physicians and others have publicly addressed -large audiences, urging improved dwellings, cleaner surroundings and prevention of disease by more cnrcful observance of the laws of health. Occupations. — General farming is the chief means of making a living. The crops for the past year were fairly good, except the pea crop, which, owing to the late .spring and heavy land, was a failure. Many of the younger members frequently seek employment off the reserve. Buildings. — There is a steady improvement in the buildings on^he reserve and also the fencing, which is now almost entirely of wire. Many new dwelling-houses, barns and fences have been erected by the assistance of loans from the council. Stock. — Great interest is taken in the raising of stock. Many of the Indians supply milk to fnctories off the reserve, and are not depending as much on the raising of crops as formerly. Fann Implements. — All implements required on a fanu are used by many mem- bers of the band, while those who depend entirely on farming for a livelihood are well supplied with the most modem implements. Education. — There are ten schools under the control of a board consisting of nine members — five Indians chosen by the Six Nation Council, three whites representing the joint interest of the New England Company, the Church of England and the Methodist Church, and the Indian superintendent representing the department. Sis of the eleven teachers employed are Indians. The Ohsweken, being a graded school, has two teachers. A teachers' convention was held in the month of October at the Ohsweken school, at which great interest was evinced by both teachers and trustees. Individual desks have been placed in all the .schools at a cost of $1,051.4.'). In April the teachers joined the Brant County and City of Brantford Teachers' Institute in a convention in Brantford. The Six Nation Council issued a special invitation to teachers and trustees to participate in the annual New Year feast at the council-house en January 4. when the importance of education was urged upon the parents hy the chiefs, inspector, trustees and others. The work of the truant officer is having satis- i REPoiirs or iMJiAS .lo'A'.vr.v 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 factory results, aud parents are realizing that their children must attend school. Two Indian pupils wrote on the entrance examination of the high school at Caledonia. There are four attending the Caledonia high school, three at the Brantford Collogiate Institute and one iit Woodstock College. There is also an Indian from this reserve studying medicine at Toledo, Ohio. Characteristics aud Progress. — The Indians are generally industrious. Those who are unable to work land for want of stock and implements seek and obtain other employment off the reserve. The Six Xations are most law-abiding and steadily im- proving. During the year then; were liuilt nine barns, ten frame houses, besides a large quantity of fencing and several new wells. The Farmers' Institute of the south riding of Brant held an afternoon and evening meeting in the council-house on January 19, last, both of which were well attended. A Women's Institute also held meetings at the same time, in which much interest was manifested. The Six Nation Agricultural Society, wholly imder the management of Indians, held its three days' annual fair, and was a great success in exhibits and attendance as any of its predecessors. None but Indians are permitted to compete. The main building was destroyed by fire last year, but a larger and better building, of metallic shingles, is now in course of erection at a cost of $1,200. The public roads are kept in a good condition under the direction of forty-five pathmasters who are appointed by the chiefs in council at their January meeting. The Indians have built two new steel bridges with cement abutments, one cement arch bridge and several cement culverts, and half the cost of a boundary bridge at a cost of $4,904.24. Cement sidewalks have been laid in the village of Ohsweken. Temperance and Morality. — The Indians are generally temperate in their habits, and assist any effort to prevent the use of intoxicants on the reserve. Several tem- perance societies exist and hold regiilar meetings. An organizatiim was formed in December last by the Indians under the name of 'The Indian Moral Asociation of the Six Nations,' having for its object ' the moral advancement and uplifting of the social conditions on the reserve, and especially the safeguarding and directing the rising generation in the way of social morality and purity of life.' Under the auspices of this association meetings have been held in every part of the reserve, addressed by the superintendent, medical oflicer, missionaries, Indians and outsiders. Good results are already noticeable, particularly in more respect being sliown for the marriage contract and purity of life. I have. &c., GORDOX J. SMITH, Indian Superintendent. Provixck of Ontario, Sturgeon F.^lls Agency, Sturgeon Falls, March 31, 1909. Frank Pkdlf.y, Esq., Deputy Supt. Genera] of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement concerning the Indians of this agency for the year ended March 31, 1909. NIPISSING BAND. Tribe or Nation. — This band belongs to the Ojibbewa tribe. Reserve. — The reserve is situated on the north shore of Lake Nipissing, 2 miles v;est of the town of North Bay. It now contains an area of 24,240 acres. This band 38 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ' i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 surrendered all of its land north of the Canadian Pacific railway, and this portion has been surveyed and subdivided into three townshii>s, namely, Pedley, Beaucage and Commanda, which will be sold and the proceeds placed to the credit of the band. The reserve is remarkably well situated for navigation as well as railway accommoda- tion, as the Canadian Pacific railway crosses the reserve. These with the Big and Little Sturgeon rivers, the Deuchane and their tributaries, all combine to make Nipissing an exceptionally picturesque and convenient reservation. This tract is the most valuable agricultural land in the district. Population. — This band has a population of 252. Health. — The health of the members of this baud for the past year has been good. Occupations. — The principal occupations of these Indians are hunting, fishing and acting as guides to tourists and surveying parties. A number cultivate small farms along the lak^ front, but the majority do not take to farming. During the winter months they work in the adjacent lumber camps. At present a number are employed in cutting spruce, pulp-wood and telegraph poles. The women gather berries and make moccasins and fancy bead-work for sale, which sells readily in the adjoining towns and villages. Buildings and Stock. — The Indians of this baud have been improving their build- ings, especially their houses, during the past summer. A number of new houses were erected at the Garden village. Their dwellings are kept very clean and comfortable. They have only a few small barns and stables, as they do not pretend to farm. They have now a considerable stock of horses, cows, pigs and poultry. Farm Implements. — They have a few ploughs and harrows and are well supplied with spades, shovels, hoes and garden tools. All the cultivation is done with these implements. Education. — There are two good schools on the reserve — one at Beaucage and the other at the Garden Indian village. They are presided over by competent teachers holding certificates. The attendance is good and the progress of the pupils satis- factory. Characteristics. — A number of the Indians of this band are industrious and aro always improving their home surroundings, while others are idle and do not appear to advance. Temperance and Morality.^There are still a few of this band who are addicted to liquor, and whenever an opportunity offers they will get it. During the past year a number of fines were imposed on persons supplying them liquor, whioh helps to keep a check on the members of the band. The morality of these Indians is good. DOKIS BAND. Tribe or Nation. — This band belongs to the Ojibbewa tribe. Reserve. — The reserve belonging to this band is situated at the head of French river where it leaves Lake Nipissing. It contains an area of 39,030 acres, consisting of the large Okickendawt island and peninsula. These Indians surrendered the pine timber on their reserve last winter, and the department had it surveyed and sub- divided into eight timber berths, and disposed of it by auction in the city of Ottawa on June 24, last, realizing a very large sum of money as bonus for the timber; this, together with the dues collectable as the timber" is removed, places the members of this band in a very desirable position. A portion of the band resides on the island adjoining Lake Nipissing, leaving the larger portion uninhabitated. Population. — The population of this band is 82. Health. — The health of this band for the past year has been exceptionally good. Occupations. — The occupations of these Indians are hunting and fishing, and act- ing as guides to tourists, while others work in the lumber camps and on the drives. i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Those who live on the reserve cultivate small gardens, but do not farm to any extent. Buildings and Stock. — This band has improved its houses during the past year. The stock comprises horses and cattle, and a number of the baud have purchased horses during the year. Education. — There is no school on the reserve; although a school has been fre- quently offered to these Indians, they will not consent to having one built on the reserve. Characteristics. — The members of this band are not industrious, but appear to be quite content in the present surroundings. They do not take to farming, but rather to hunting, fishing, &c. Temperance and Morality. — The conduct of this band in these respects is the best in this agency. TEMAGAMI BAND. Tribe or Xation. — This band belongs to the Ojibbewa tribe. Reserve. — No reserve has yet been given to this baud. The members live around the shores of Lake Temagami, while quite a number live on Bear island near the Hudson's Bay Company's post. Lake Temagami is situated 72 miles from North Bay, and is reached by the Timiskaming and New Ontario railway operated by the Ontario government. This lake is noted for its clear water and numerous islands, and is a prominent tourist resort. Population. — The band has a population of 96. Health. — The health of this band for the past year has been good. Occupations.- — The principal occupations of these Indians are hunting and fish- ing and acting as guides to tourists who frequent Lake Temagami in the summer months. They cannot supply the demand, which necessitates bringing in guides from other reserves. They do not farm, as they have no land selected yet for them. Some cultivate small gardens along the lake front. Buildings and Stock.— The buildings of this band are very limited. A number have houses on Bear island, while others have small cabins erected around tlie shores of the lake. Education. — This band has a summer school on Bear i.sland. Lake Temagami. in charge of Miss Bourke, a competent teacher. The majority of the children are away in the woods with their parents during the winter months, but they appear to be progressing with their studies when at school. Characteristics. — The members of this band are a bright, intelligent body, and take very readily to the mode of living of white people. They are noted canoemen. a number being employed by the Hudson's Bay Company for the purpose. They are fairly industrious and make good wages when working. Temperance and Moralitj-. — The Indians of this band are addicted to liquor, and when an opportunity offers they do not fail to get it, but are very reticent about giving the necessary information as to the guilty persons. Fines have been imposed on persons supplying them liquor, which has proved beneficial. With few exceptions they are moral in their habits. lIAT.VTCnEWAN BAXD. Reserve. — This reserve is situated north of Fort Matatchewan, on the Montreal river, and contains an area of 16 square miles. This was given to the band under the. new Treaty No. 9. Tribe. — This band belongs to the Ojibbewa tribe. Population. — This band has a population of 96. Health. — The health of this band for the past year has been good. Occupations. — The occupations of this band are principally hunting and fishing for their own supply. 40 DEl'AHrMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Buildings. — Some of this band have log cabiu.s, but the majority live in teepees rnd tents the .vcar round. Stock. — This band has no stock Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of the band are a happy contented body and appear to be well satisfied with their surroundings. They devote their time entirely to hunting, and dispose of their furs to the Hudson's Bay Company at Matatchewan post. Temperance and Morality. — They are, with a few exceptions, temperate, and are moral in their habits. I have. &c.. GEO. P. COCKBURN, Indian Agent Provinx'E of Ontario, Thessalon Agency. TiiESSALOX, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs. Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report relating to the affairs of the several bands of Indians in my agency for the year ending March 31, 1909, THESSALON RIVER BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the north shore of the North channel of 'Lake Huron, about 6 miles east of the town of Thcssalon, and has an area of 2,307 acres. Population. — The population is 124. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been good; there were no epidemics of any kind during the past year. The Indians' houses are kept clean and tidy. Occupations. — They make railv,'ay ties, load vessels, work in saw-mills, are good bushmen, and make money. Building.s. — Their buildings are warm and clean. Stock. — They have no stock of any account ; what they have is poor. Farm Implements. — They do most of their work with hoes and rakes. 'Vrhen they want a piece of ground ploughed they hire a farmer. Education. — They have a school-house, and will soon need it, as there are some children growing up, but there is no school at the present time. Religion.— All these Indians are Roman Catholics. Temperance and Morality. — They will compare favourably with the same num- ber of white people. MISSISS.\GI river BAND. Reserve.— This reserve is situated on the east side of the Mississagi river and west of the Penewabckong river, and comprises an area of about 3,000 acres. Population.— There are 113 souls on the reserve; there are quite a number at Biscotasing. Health and Sanitation.— The health of this band has been fairly good during the past year; no epidemics of any kind. i llEPORTS OF IXDIAy AOEXTS 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Occupations. — They make railway ties in winter and some of the young men work in the himber camps, and in summer they load vessels and work in saw-mills. Buildings. — These are fairly good and are kept clean. Stock. — The stock is poor and very little of it. These Indians depend upon their daily labour for a living. Farm Implements. — They have very few farm tools, as they do no farming. Education. — They have an excQllent school on the reserve and a very good teacher. The school is fairly well attended. Characteristics and Progress. — They are fairly moral and law-abiding, and com- pare favourably with their white neighbours. SERPENT RIVER BAXD. Reserve. — This reserve lies east of the Serpent river and is bounded on the south and west by Lake Huron, and on the north by the Serpent river, and contains 27,282 acres. Population. — The population of the band is 113. Health and Sanitation. — -These Indians are healthy and clean. There have been no epidemics durinfj- the year. Occupations. — They work at the Cutler mills and load vessels at Cutler and Spragge. They find plenty of work. Buildings. — They have good buildings and they keep them clean. Stock. — They havo n few horgea, a few pigs and poultry. Farm Implements. — They do very little farming; have a poor assortment of implements. Education. — They have a good school-house and it is well attended. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious, fairly moral, and are progressing favourably. SPAXISH RIVER BAXD. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the north shore of the North channel of Lake Huron, along the south bank of the Spanish river. It is bounded on the south and west by the waters of Lake Huron, and on the north by the Spanish river, and contains about 28,000 acres. This band is divided into three divisions — the first and second divisions are living on the reserve and are in my charge; the third division is on the llanitoulin island, and is in charge of Indian Agent C. L. D. Sims. Population. — The population of the two divisions under my jurisdiction is 265, and some are at Biscotasing under the charge of Indian Agent W. L. Nichols. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians are healthy; there are no diseases of any kind among them. Occupations. — These Indians work at saw-mills and loading vessels in the sum- mer, and in the lumber \voods in winter, and earn good wages. Buildings. — They have good buildings, erected on a beautiful point near their church and school-house, which they occupy in summer, and some of them have log houses which they go to in winter; these are built in the shelter of the woods. Stock. — They have some nice horses and very good cows iuid take good care of them. They have some pigs and poultry of the common .sort. Farm Implements. — They have some ploughs and liglit harrov.s and a number of small implements, such as hoes, spades and rakes. Education. — They have a good school-house at Sahgamook (which is division No. 1) which i.s well attended, and one at Spanish River. They seem to take an interest in having their children learn to read and write. Characteristics and Progress. — These ludians are industrious, and, Vith a few exceptions, are moral and temperate. They dress well and seem quite content 42 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 GENERAL REMARKS. The Indians in my agency are improving, especially the youiiger portion ; it is difficult to change the mode of living of the older people. Crops were fairly good last year, and the season for saving them was fair. Fishing was very good, and with a few exceptions they have plenty to eat and wear. There are a few of them tainted with consumption, but, generally speaking, their health is improving; sanitary con- ditions are bettor looked after. On the whole, we have reason to bo thankful. I have, &c., SAlfTTEL HA^iAN, Indian Agent. Province of Ontario. Walpole Island Agency, Walpole Island, April 15, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sib, — I have the honour to transmit my annual report on the Chippewas and Pottawattamies of Walpole, St. Anne's and Squirrel islands. The reserve is bounded on the west by the Eiver St. Clair, and on the north and east by the Chenail Ecarte, and on the south by Lake St. Clair, and has an area of 40,480 acres of first-class land for farming and grazing purposes. Population.- — The population of the Chippewa band is 561, and that of the Pottawattamie band is 174. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians was fairly good until an epidemic of grippe set in during the months of February and March, from which there has been a number of deaths. The sanitation of the reserve is getting better each year, a number of ditches being dug that take off the stagnant water. Occupations.- — The majority of the Indians work among the farmers and fac- tories of the surrounding country both summer and winter, and make good wages. There are a small number that farm, and they are doing fairly well. Buildings. — Several of the Indians have erected new buildings during the year, and a number of others have improved their houses and fences. Stock. — The stock that is raised by the Indians is of a good grade, and there is ready sale for all the stock at good prices. Farm Implements. — The Indians keep the supply of implements up to their requirements and have all they need for use. Education. — There are two schools on the reserve, one at the southern end and one at the front, on the River St. Clair. Both schools have a fairly good attendance, and pupils are making fair progress. Quite a number of the children of this reserve are attending different industri.il schools. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are law-abiding and fairly industrious, but prefer working out amongst the whites, where they can get paid every week for their work, rather than working their own land. Those who work away from the re- serve make good wages, but spend the money as fast as they get it. Temperance and Morality. — There is a steady improvement as to temperance, but there are some that get intoxicated and always will as long as they can procure liquor. ^ The Indians a.1 a whole are temperate and moral, and will compare with any white settlement in the snm«» eircumstancn* I have, &c., J. B. McDOUGALL. Indian Agent. i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGEyTS 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Province' of Quebec, Abenakis of Becancour, Becancour. April 1, 1909. Frank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs. Ottawa, Sir, — I have the honour to transmit my annual report and statistical statement for the year ended March 31, 1909. Keserve. — The reserve of the Abenakis of Beeancour is situated on the west side of the Bacancour river, in the county of Nicolet. The area of the reserve is exactly 135i acre?. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are called the Abenaliis of Bencancour. Population. — The population of this band is still 27, including absentees. Health and Sanitation. — There has been no epidemic on the reserve this year. Most of the Indians are enjoying good health, and sanitary precautions are observed. Occupations. — The principal occupation of the Abenakis of Beeancour consists, as far as two families are concerned, in the cultivation of their land, while others work in the shanties in winter and in the floating of logs in spring. Most of these Indians are poor; there are several who are unable to work. Buildings. — The buildings are well maintained. Xo new ones have been erected this year. Stock. — These Indians have some horses and several milch cows, all of good quality. They have also other stock, such as pigs and poultry. Farm Implements. — They try to improve their land. They have the implements necessary for cultivation. Education. — The school-house on the reserve is closed, because the number of children who could attend is not sufficient; there are only two, and even they do not go; besides, th*e municipality of Beeancour grants these children the privilege of attending the public school situated near the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians for the most part are industrious and able to do heavy work; they easily obtain employment in the shanties. They are more economical than formerly. Very few use intoxicating liquor. Religion. — The Indians of this band are Roman Catholics. Most of them attend to their religious duties fairly well. As they have no church on the reserve, they attend the parish church, and their spiritual welfare is looked after by the parish priest who acts as their missionary. General Remarks. — The Indians are well civilized. There are very few of them who are full-blooded Indians; most of them are half-breeds, for the mothers of the young people are white women. I have, &c., JULES R. DirBE. ' Indian Afjent. 44 DEPARTMEyT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Province of Quebec, Abe-nakis of St. Francis, St. Francois du Lac, May 3, 1000. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit my annual report and statistical statement for the year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — The reserve of the Abenakis of St. Frangois de Sales is composed of several pieces of land situated in the seigniories of St. Frangois du Lac and Pierre- ville. The total area is 1,819 acres and 52 perches. The portion of the reserve oc- cupied by the Abenakis is designated as No. 1217 on the official plan of the cadastre "f the parisji of St. Thomas de Pierreville, and contains 1,228 acres. The villiage is situated on the east bank of the St. Francis river, about 6 mil.es from its discharge into Lake St. Peter, and it is a very picturesque site. Population. — The population of the band is 293. Health. — There has been no epidemic disease during the year, but there have been several cases of tuberculosis. Occupations. — The chief occupation of the Abenakis is the making of baskets and fancy-work. They make baskets all winter, and about the month of June most of the families go to the White mountains and to the seaside resorts of the L^nited States and Canada, where they sell their wares. They return in the fall. This in- dustry is their chief source of revenue. There are also some families that hunt in addition to making baskets, but what they realize from this source is decreasing each year in proportion as game becomes more rare. Agriculture is only a secondary occupation among the Abenakis of St. Francis. Some do no cultivation at all ; others raise some vegetables. Some families cultivate a little more, but the sale of their baskets, which necessitates their being away the greater part of the summer, prevents their giving the necessary attention. Buildings. — The Abenakis build good houses, and several of these are very pretty and very comfortable. Stock. — The Abenakis have several horses, a fair number of cows, some pigs and hens. Farm Implements. — The Abenakis have only a few fann implements and what they have are of little value. Education. — The education of the children is carefully attended to. All the Indians can read and write, and several of them have gone tlirough a complete course of study. There are two schools on the reserve — one Protestant, taught by Mr. H. L. JIasta, and the other Roman Catholic, under the charge of the Grey nuns, who con- duct the class in a pretty little convent. However, as the number of the pupils is con- tinually increasing, the convent is already too small to accommodate them. Three nuns give a complete commercial course in both languages, including stenography and typewriting, and the pupils receive a diploma approved by the Superintendent General when they pass the necessary examination. Characteristics and Progress. — As a rule the Abenakis are indu.strious. They make baskets, and the sale of tliese brings them in sufficient revenue to enable them to to live comfortably, and some of them are rich. Each family that returns in the fall :s in possession of a fairly good sum of money, and, if they were economical, they i REPOliT.S OF IMJIAX AGEXTS 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ■\voulcl be able to put sonietliiiig aside for a rainy day. However, several of them build themselves good comfortable houses, and the village presents a very pretty ap- pearance. Temperance and Morality. — There has been only little disorder caused by the abuse of intoxicating liquor, and the moral conduct of the Abenakis is good as a rtile. General Remarks. — The Abenakis of St. Francis are as civilized as the white people surrounding them, and live in harmony with the latter. There are only a few left who are full-blooded Indians; all have more or less of the blood of the white man in their veins. A large number of them have lost the characteristics of the red man ,md it is very difficult for one who sees them for the first time to recognize them as Indians. They all spe^k English and French, and use one or other of these languages in their relations with white people, but in the family and in their meetings of council they speak the Abenakis language, which they preserve with religious care. I have, &c., A. O. COMIRE, Indian Agent. Province of Quebec, Algoxquixs of River Desert, Maxiwaki, April 17, 1909. FUANK Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir. — I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement for Ihe year ended March 31, 1909. .^ Reserve. — The ilaniwaki reserve is situated in the county of Wright on the banks of the River Desert at its confluence with the Gatineau river. The village of Maniwaki, having- been surrendered from the reserve, occupies the point of land between the two rivers. The reserve is bounded by three rivers, the Eagle on the west, the Desert on the north, and the Gatineau on the east. The reserve as at ijreseut constituted con- tains an area of 44,537 acres and 26 perches. There are two gravel mountains, one .m the north and the other on the south of the Congo bridge. These mountains con- aist of the finest gravel I ever saw. About two-thirds of the land is good agricultural h'.nd. It is not ordinai-y clay land, but a deep rich soil. Population. — The population of this band is 409. Health and Sanitation. — ^The general health of the Indians of this band has been fairly good during the past year. No contagious disease other than consumption lias visited the reserve. The annual circular is carefully explained, but only a minority observe or prac- tise these instructions. Occupations. — The Indians of this band are not inclined to agriculture with the exception of n few. They are in close proximity to a va.st hunting country, and from this source they earn a considerable amount each year. This and working in the lumber woods and river-driving forms their chief occupations. The principal and most remunerative occupatiou of which the Indians do not t;ike advantage is that of agriculture, considering- the splendid opportunities they !iav(< They have a good market in Maniwaki for every kind of agricultural product, together with the assistance they receive from the deijartment each year. 46 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS . i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Buildings. — The buildings on this reserve are chiefly log. There are a couple of frame buildings, one of which was erected during the past year. There are still many who live in shanties, some of which have been occupied for a number of years. Stock. — ^Their stock comprises horses, cattle and hogs, but these are badly divided, a few having many and many having none. Farm Implements. — The Indians who farm a little are fairly well supplied with f.nrm implements and take very good care of them, especially their vehicles, for which they build little scooped sheds to preserve them from the weather. Education.— There are two schools on the reserve, which have been open during the course of the past yenr. Although the attendance is somewhat better than usual, vhere is still plenty of room for improvement. There are a number of the parents who cannot be induced to send their children regularly to school. Characteristics and Progress. — These sons of the forest, accustomed as they have been for generations to pass the summer months as a holiday season, find it hard to give up old habits and customs. They find it pleasanter to rest in the shade or roam around in groups than to engage in any kind of laborious work ; of course, there are exceptions to this rule. This trait in their character is the chief cause of their poverty. When the autumn comes on they seem to regain vitality, and are ready and able to do any kind of work, but their most congenial occupation is travelling. They are progressing favourably in dress and manners, and some of them are steadily becomihg prosperous. Temperance and Morality. — The temperance of the Indians for the past year has been greatly improved, but the bringing about of this state of afiairs cost the liquor vendors both money and chagrin. There is also a policeman on the beat in Maniwaki village, which has a beneficial effect upon the suppression of this vice. There has been a decided improvement in the morality of the Indians during the past year. .f have, &c., W. J. McCAFFEEY, Indian Agent. Province of Quebec, Amalecites of Viger, Cacouna, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit my annual report, accompanied by statistical gtatement, in regard to the Amalecites of Viger for the year ended March 31, 190#. Keserve. — This reserve is situated on the St. Lawrence river, near the village of Cacouna, but most of the Indians are scattered over various counties; that is why it is so difficult to take a census of them. Vital Statistics. — There are 105 Indians on the reserve. During the year there have been 2 births and 1 death. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is satisfactory, and sanitary precautions are well observed. Occupations.^ — The chief occupation of these Indians is the making of baskets, Bnow-shoes and fancy articles. The last named are made by the women and sold to i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 tourists during the summer. The men do a little fishing and hunting; they also make snow-shoes in winter. They are nearly all poor. The government assists the poorest of them, especially the widows, and they are very grateful, for it is an act of charity to give some relief to these unfortunates. Some families have done little cultivation during the last few years and have made no progress. They have been working at the lumber shanties in the Metapedia valley for some months during the winter. Education. — The children go to the school and to the convent, hut they are not very numerous on the reserve. Religion. — So far as I can judge, they are all Roman Catholics. Temperance and Morality. — With rare exceptions temperance is well observed. The morality of these Indians is very good. I have, &c., EDOUARD BEAULIEU, Indian Agent. Province of Quebec, hurons of lorette, Jeune Lorette, June 14, 1909. FR.4SK Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir. — I have the honou' to trp:i?mit my annual report on the subject of tlu; Huron tribe of Lorette and the other Indians settled in my agency, with a statistical statement for the year ended March .31, 1909. Reserve. — The reserve of the village of the Hurons of Lorette is the only one now owned by the band. It contains an area of 26-75 acres. Most of these Indians reside near the old chapel. This building always attracts the attention of strangers. Population. — Since my last report the population has increased by 10 ; it is to-day 484 instead of 474, which it was last year. This number does not include the Indians who reside outside of the reserve. Thus, in the parish of Laval, county of Quebec, there are two families of Amalecite Indians, composed of 9 persons. Also 9 Abenakis Indians reside at St. Ambroise de la Jeune Lorette. At St. TJrbain, county of Charle- voix, there is one Abenakis family and four Montagnais families. The combined population of these groups of Indians, including the Huron popula- tion of Lorette, is 523. Resources and Occupations. — In my last report I observed that the making of snow-shoes and moccasins, the chief industry of the Indians, was far from flourish- ing. I regret to say that this industry, instead of becoming vigoroiis again, has decreased more this year. The heads of families on the reserve are obliged in order to maintain their families to go off at a distance in order to earn money in the neigh- bouring towns. The fishing has been nil, but the hunt has been fairly plentiful for the five or six Indians who have followed that pursuit. Hunting has been fairly remunerative, as the price of fur is very high. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band generally is excellent. This is tne result of the fact that sanitation is well observed and that all means of cleanli- ness are employed in order to prevent contagious diseases. 48 DEPARTMEXr OF ISDIAX AFFAIIiS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Education. — The teaching given to the children of the village bj- the nuns could not be better; no complaint has been made under this head, and the members of the band are perfectly satisfied. Religion. — All the Indians of my agency are Roman Catholic?, with the excep- tion of one Anglican and six Presbyterians. Temperiince and Morality. — The conduct of the Indians of my agency in regard to morality and temperance is good generally. There have been some exceptions, but there has been no disturbance. I have, (Sc, AXTOINE O. BASTIEN Indian Agent. PR0VI^x■E OF Quebec, Iroquois of C.^ughxawac^. Montreal, June 8, 1909. Frank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report in regard to the Caughnawaga agency for the year ended March .31, 1909. Reserve. — The Caughnawaga reseiTe is distant about 9 miles from Montreal on the south shore of the St. Lawrence river, and contains an area of a little more than 12,000 acres. Vital Statistics. — The population, exclusive of whites, is 2,1.39. The band is decreasing owing to an excessive death-rate among children ; over 80 died of scarlet fever last summer. Dr. Bryee, acting for the department, did effective work in stopping this epidemic. Health. — The Indians are in fairly good health; the trouble is that there are too many deaths among the children. This increasing- mortality could, to some extent, be prevented by the spread of the jsriuciples of hygiene. Occui)ations. — Work was exceedingly scarce this past year, and many suffered on that account. Opportunities for work are now increasing and the Indians are find- ing their usual emi^loyment. Last summer many of the Caughnawaga Indians participated in the historical tableaux given at Quebec in honour of the tercentenaiy of the founding of the city of Quebec, and won the praise of the public for their merit and behaviour. Education. — There are four schools on the reserve — there are two in the village for the Roman Catholics, one for boys and one for girls, and the Protestants have a school in the village. A new school, with dwelling-house for the teacher, has been built in the farming- section towards the southeast end of the reserve. The children who attend these schools are making good progress, but, unfortunately, many do not take advantage of the schools. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are prospering and becoming more and more self-supporting. Temperance and Morality. — There has been no change in respect to temperance, and nothing to mention in regard to cases of immorality. I have, &c., J. PLAIN, Indian Agent. 1 REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGEyTS 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 PR0\TNCE of QlEBEC, Iroquois of St. Regis, St. Eegis, April 6, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. (k'lieral of luduin Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have tlie honour to transmit my report and statistical statement for the year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the banks of the St. Lawrence river, in the provitiee of Quebec, including islands a little below Prescott, Ont., thence down stream opposite the village of Lancaster, Ont. On the opposite shore is the village St. Anicet, in the province of Quebec. It contains an area of about 6,983 acres. Population. — The population of the band is 1,501. Healtli and Sanitation. — There was no epidemic on the reserve during the year, and the sanitary condition of the Indians' houses has been good. The health of the Indians has also been good, with the exception of a few affected with lung disease and grippe. » Occupations. — The principal occupations of these Indians are farming, hunting, fishing, trapping, running rafts of timber; also driving of logs in the sjiring-time, doing monthly and daily labour with farmers and on railways, also manufacturing lacrosse sticks, snow-shoes and baskets to a large extent. Education. — There are three schools in operation on the reserve — one on Corn- wall island, one on St. Regis island and one in St. Regis village. The schools are well supplied with school material and teachers, but owing to the lack of interest in the parents not sending their children, the attendance is not what it should be. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are still on the gain in cultivating ;heir land and making improvements on buildings, and are supplied with farm im- plements, in all making fair progress. Temperance and Morality. — A good many of these Indians are men who do not drink ; those that are most given to drink are the young men. Most of the Indians f.bserve the laws of morality. I have, &c., GEO. LOXG, Indian Agent. Provinxe of Quebec, L.4KE OF Two MOLNTAIXS AgEXCV, Oka, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of the affairs of the Indians of Oka •;or the year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — The land 'occupied by these Indians is situated on the Lake of Two ilountains, on tlie Ottawa river, in the province of Quebec, but the title is not vested in the Crown. 27— i— 4 50 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Population. — The population of this band is 500. Health and Sanitation. — The Indians have not enjoyed good health during the past year; there was an epidemic of t\T)hoid fever and also consumption. Occupations. — ilost of the Indians cultivate the land, but -without making pro- gress. They also make staves. They work in the woods and they are becoming in- different about cultivating their land. Education. — There are two Methodist schools on the reserve, but, owing to the neglect of the parents in the matter of education, the number of pupils is very re- stricted. Religion. — The Methodists hold their services in their chapel. The Roman Catholics worship in the parish church. These Indians pay a good deal of attention to religion. Buildings. — Some of the Indians have fairly good buildings, but several have poor houses, as the owners are poor people. Farm Implements. — The Indians are fairly well furnished with the principal im- plements for cultivation. Stock. — These Indians have good horses and others of less value. They have also good cows and other stock, but most of the Indians do not take care of their animals. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are becoming lazy about their own work; they prefer to work elsewhere in order to get their wages every day. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians, especially the young generation, like liquor, and drink more than ever, which is the cause of their poverty and also makes them immoral to a great degree, and there are young women who are given to drink, which has a great deal to do with the breaking up of households. I have, &c., JOS. PERILLARD, Indian Agent. Province of Quebec, MiCJIACS OF Maru, Grand Cascapedu, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report, with statistical statement, for the year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve.- —The reserve is situated on the shores of the Grand Cascapedia river find of Chnleur bay. This reserve has a splendid aspect. It contains 416 acres, 136 of which is cultivable, and has a good fertile soil. Population. — The population this year is 103. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been fairly good. Occupations. — The Micmaes of Maria have many ways of making money for their living. There is little farming done and some hunting and fishing. In summer sportsmen employ them as guides and canoemen on the Grand Cascapedia river. Some also work in the shanties and at stream-driving in the spring; others are employed by farmers or work at home, making snow-shoes, snow-shovels and baskets. They r.lso tan preen skins, with which they make many shoe-packs for winter wear. These articles afford them their chief income. Buildings. — Their buildings are small, with the exception of four or five, which are passable. i REPORTS OF lyDlAN AGENTS 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Education.— There is a good school-house in the centre of the reserve, where the children can receive a good Christian education. They learn English, French and Micmac. Characteristics. — The Micmacs are generally skilful and industrious, but they are always poor, owing to their lack of economy and their improvidence. Temperance and Morality. — The Indians are generally addicted to the use of iiitoxicants. Their morality is good and they obser\'e the laws of a Christian morality. • I have, &c., J. D. MORIN, Priest, Indian Agent. Province of .Quebec, Micmacs of Restigouche, PoisTE LA Garde, May 1, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the &cal year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the northern side of the Restigouche river, in the township of Mann, county of Bonaventure, in the province of Quebec, opposite the town of Campbellton, N.B." Tribe. — All the Indians of this agency belong to the Micmac tribe. Population. — The population of this agency is 498, an increase of 5. There were 24 births and 19 deaths during the past year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been .fairly good, ex- cepting for small-pox, which broke out among them during this winter. The sanitary precautions have been well carried out, and the disease appears to be well stamped out now. Occupations. — These Indians devote themselves to farming, lumbering, river- driving, ship-loading, acting as giiides for tourists; a few make baskets, axe and peevie handles. They are generally active and command good wages when hired out. Buildings. — Though small, their houses are fairly good and some of them well furnished, such as those of Peter Gray, Mrs. I. Isaac, Thomas Metallic, sr., Frank Metallic, Sam Gray, Louis Michel, Polyearpe Martin and James Ritchie, and others. The houses are generally well kept. They have also good barns. Education. — Their school is kept by the Sisters of the Holy Rosary, who take great pains for the advancement of their pupils. Unfortunately the attendance is not as good as it should be, but I itm happy to say there is an improvement since last year. Characteristics and Progress. — Nearly all these Indians are industrious. A good many are progressing, though very few have laid away anything for a rainy day. Temperance and Morality. — I am sorry to say that a great many of our Indians are still addicted to strong drink, and they can procure the same very easily from the neighbouring county in spite of our watching arid prosecution. Their morality is not as good as one would desire ; nevertheless, I am pleased to say that- there is improvement. I have, &e., J. PITRE, Indian Agent. 27-i-4i -| 52 DEPMiTMESr OF IXDI.W Al'FAIRi< i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Province of Quebec, MONTAGXAIS OF LaKE ST. JoHN, PoKTE Bleue, June 7, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report, accompanied by statistical statement, for the year ended March 31, 1909. Tribe. — The Indians on this reserve belong to the llontagnais tribe. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the northwest bank of Lake St. John, in the county of Chicoutimi, in the province of Quebec. It contains an area of 22,423 acres, the whole of which is in Ouiatchouan township. The Indians have sold to the whites an area of 19,525 acres. The soil is of good quality and the climate suitable for all kinds of cultivation. Population. — The popxdation is 579. Health and Sanitation. — There has been no epidemic in this band, and the Montagnais are enjoying, generally, good health. The medical attendant is Dr. J. Constantin, of Eoberval, who really devotes himself to his Indian patients. The houses are kept properly. Occupations. — The greater number of the Indians live by hunting. Some of them engage exclusively in agriculture, and succeed well. They are much sought after by lumbermen for stream-driving, and obtain good wages for this work. Also they make canoes, snow-shoes and moccasin.s, which they dispose of ea.sily. Buildings. — The houses are well ventilated and generally carefully kept. Stock. — The Indians take good care of their animals. Farm Implements. — Those who engage in farming are supplied with all the implements necessary for their work, and they take great care of them. Education. — The school-house is large, suitable, well ventilated and well kept. It is situated in the centre of the reserve. The teaching is given in English and in French by Miss Berthe Potvin, who holds an academic diploma. The children under her charge appear to be making real progress. A large number of the Indians desire their children to be educated, while most of the hunters take their children with them to the woods, thus depriving them of the advantage of a good education. The average attendance at the school, nevertheless, is satisfactory. Characteristics and Progress. — Most of the Indians are active and industrious. With few exceptions they are hard-working, and some of them are even economical. Their condition appears to be improving every year. Temperance and Morality. — The Montagnais like ' fire-water,' and, when they can procure it, drink until they are intoxicated. For two years, however, there has been a great imjirovement in respect to temperance; the disgraceful scenes, the fights and the scandals caused by the excessive use of intoxicating liquor are now things of the past on this reserve. The Indians are religious, much attached to their respective churches, listen with attention to the advice given them by their pastors, and observe morality well. I have, &c., ARMAND TESSIER, Indian Agent. i REPOrtTS OF IMUAN AOEXTS 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Province of Quebec, MoxTAGNAis OF LowKK St. Lawrence — Bersimis Agency, Bersimis, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Siipt. General of Indian Aflfairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31, 1909, on my agency of the Lower St. Lawrence, which comprises the bands residing i;t Escoumains and Bersimis. ESCOUJrAINS BAND. Tribe. — The Lidiams of this band are Montagnais. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the southwest shore of the Escoumains river, on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, Saguenay county, and has an area of 97 acres. The land is not all suitable for cultivation. Population. — The population is 41. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has not been vei-y good ; two families have been ill of fever or cholera. There have also been various diseases among the other Indians. Occupations. — The occupations of these Indians are various, but the chief pur- suit in winter consists in hunting fur-bearing animals and seals. Some of them work in the shanties, also in the summer they act as guides for sportsmen, and en- gage in fishing. Education. — As there is no school on this reserve the children attend the white school at the village of Escoumains. They are very well satisfied with this school. All the cliildren who attend speak French and are making good progress. Nearly all the Indians speak French. Progress. — There has not been much progress, except the erection of new build- ings. Eeligion. — All the Indians of this band are Eoman Catholics. They attend divine service in the parish of Escoumains. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are all temperate and very moral. Buildings.— Some new houses have been erected. BERSIMIS BAND. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are all ifontagnais. Reserve. — The reserve of these Indians is situated on the east bank of the Bersimis river, on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, in Saguenay county. The area is 63,100 iicros. Vital Statistics. — The p(ii)ulation is .534. There were 35 births. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been poor this year. Many of the Indians did not go hunting because they were not able to get sufficient advances, and as tliey are nearly all consumptives, the sea air is too strong for thorn, and it. is impossible to make them keep their houses clean except some of them. Occupations. — The sole occupation of these Indians is hunting fur-bearing animals iu winter, and as they come down with the drive-logs at the end of June, they nest themselves in fishing for salmon, which was not very good this year, and as guides for sportsmen and in playing cards and dancing. They go off to the woods 54 DEPARTMENT OF [XDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 ill the end of August or September. Several of them spend the winter on the reserve, but the majority go hunting. Some of them this winter cut a little pulp-wood for the St. Lawrence Lumber Company on the other side of the river, on the west side.' Education. — There is a school on the reserve. Several children attend and are making fair progress. Progress. — I do not observe any progress in this band, except the erection of new houses and among the children who attend school. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are much addicted to liquor, and they drink as much as they can buy, and not a single one will say where it is pur- chased, and it is very diificult to prevent this traific without having police all the time and putting some of the Indians in the lock-up. Their morality is fairly good for Indians. Keligion. — All the Indians of this band are Roman Catholics. I have, &c., A. GAGNON, Indian Agent. Province of Quebec, MONTAGNAIS OF LoWER St. LaWRENCE MlNGAN AgENCY, Esquimaux Point, April 1, 1909. iTRANK Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report of this agency for tlie financial year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — There is only one reserve in this agency, viz. : Seven Islands. Six moie reserves have been picked out at different places in my agency and will be estab- lished during the coming summer. Population. — The population of Seven Islands reserve is 360, and the whole agency 1,032. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians of this agency has been fairly good. Tuberculosis, however, is prevalent. Buildings. — The majority of the Indians at Seven Islands and Mingan live in comfortable houses. Occupations. — The only occupation is fur and game hunJting, and as these latter seem to decrease every year, I am trying my best to induce them to catch codfish. As only a few of the Indians are out of the woods, I cannot say whether the hunting season will be good or not. Morality and Temperance. — The morals are good. Since we have appointed resi- ut; there is not a case in the county. Occupations. — The chief occupations are basket-making, coopering, as labourers, stream-drivers, acting as guides, &c. Buildings. — Their buildings are comfortable. Stock. — Wliat stock there is looks well. Farm Implements. — There are but few of them in this agency. Education. — The Indian children attend school with the white children in what- ;ver section they reside in. Characteristics. — These Indians are fairly industrious and law-abiding, and seem lo be making a more comfortable living than formerly. "Temperance and Morality. — They are as a rule temperate in regard to strong drink, and their morals are good. I have, &c., C. E. BECKWITH, Indian Agent. Nova Scotu, MiciiAcs OP PicTou County, New Glasgow, April 15, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian AfFairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Keserve. — The Indians of this agency have two reserves. The larger reserve, situated near the entrance of Pictou harbour, has an area of 280 acres; 80 acres of wooded land were purchased during the year, which the Indians needed very much for fuel. The other reserve consists of a small island in Merigomish harbour, which Ihe Indians leave during the winter months, when they live in shanties on the adjacent mainland until spring comes again. Population. — This agency has a iwpulation at present of 174. Health and Sanitation. — An epidemic of small-pox of a mild type prevailed throughout the agency for the past four or five months. The settlements of Indians at Pictou Landing, Pine Tree and Loch Broom were quarantined from the beginning of January to the middle of April. All the Indians had the disease except three or four families. Two deaths resulted from it. They have all now fully recovered. There was one death from tuberculosis during the year. After the necessary measures of disinfection, quarantine was raised about the middle of April. Occupations. — These Indians are engaged in farming, fishing, making baskets, moccasins, tubs, pick-handles, and some from time to time hire out as labourers. Buildings. — Most of the Indians have frame buildings for dwellings. Some of these houses, however, are too small to be sanitary or comfortable. There is a good school-house and a fine church. Stock. — There are a few horses owned on the larger reserve at Fisher's Grant. This, with a few hens, is the only stock kept. Farm Implements. — A few of the Indians possess ploughs and harrows, but most of the work of preparing the ground for seeding is done by hired teams. 72 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Education. — The school at Fisher's Grant reserve was fairly well attended during the fall months and good progress made by the pupils. On account of small-pox, school was closed a week or two before the Christmas holidays. It will re-open on April 19. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians, as a rule, are industrious and law- abiding. As they have been idle now for the past few months, owing to the prolonged quarantine, I cannot report much improvement in their circumstances. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are, with very few exceptions, tem- perate. The great majority do not even taste intoxicating drinks. They are to be considered, on the whole, a religious and moral community. I have, &c., J. D. MacLeod, Indian Agent, XovA Scotia, MicMAcs OF Queens asd Lunenburg Counties, Caledonia, June 1, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement for the year ended March 31, 1909. Reserves. — There are three reserves in this agency of 1,000 acres each — two in Lunenburg county and one in Queens county. The Indians residing on the reserves make their living mostly by farming. Those not residing on the reserves make their living by fishing, hunting, basket-making, and working in the lumber woods. Population. — The population of this agency is 169, the same as last year. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians in this agency has been fairly good, except the epidemic of small-pox at New Germany, which, by strict attention, was kept within the families in which it first broke out. These Indians observe sani- tary regulations about their dwellings fairly well. Education. — There is only one school in this agency, at New Germany, which, under the care of Miss MacDougall, is making good progress and I think she has taken every pains to advance the school. Religion. — All the Indians of this agency are Roman Catholics. Characteristics.^The Indians of this agency are industrious and law-abiding. I have, &c., CHARLES HARLOW, Indian Agent. i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 73 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Nova Scotu, Mic.MACs OF Richmond County, Johnstown, C. B., April 13, 1900. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Siipt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit my first annual report on the affairs of the Indians on the Chapel Island reserve for the year ended March 31, 1909. Tribe. — The Indians of Chapel Island reserve belong to the Micmac tribe. Eeserve. — Chapel Island reserve is situated on the shore of the beautiful Bras d'Or lake, and contains an area of 1,200 acres of excellent soil. A large part of the reserve is covered with a forest of spruce and fir, which yield good timber. Population. — The population of the Chapel Island reserve is about 101. Health and Sanitation.— The general health of the Indians during the past year was fairly good. Two are suffering with tuberculosis whose ages range from 55 to 68 years. Of all diseases among the Indians of this reserve I find tuberculosis is the most prevalent. Occupations. — Nearly all the Indians of this reserve engage more or less in farm- ing. In the early summer they all plant a good share of potatoes, while a few of them sow oats, corn, beans and turnips. During the rest of the year some of them occupy their time in fishing, making tubs, barrels, baskets, axe-handles, pick-handles, fancy moccasins, itc, while others engage as domestics or labourers at almost anything at >yhich they can earn an honest dollar. Stock. — Those who keep horses and cattle take good care of them. Farm Implements. — Chapel Island Indians do not possess many farm implements for the proper cultivation of the land. Hand implements are very much used in clearing the land and cultivating the soil. They have, however, on the reserve a few ploughs, harrows, carts, trucks, sleds, and a few of them possess express wagons. Buildings. — With few exceptions, the Indians of this reserve have all erected frame dwellings on their various lots in place of their old-time wigwam. The dwell- ings represent cleanliness, as whitewash is freely used. All who have stock of any kind have stables and barns to shelter them and store their hay and fodder. Education. — There is a school-house situated about the middle of the reserve j Miss Henrietta O'Toole is teaching. Being a teacher of experience and of excellent reputation, those who attend regularly make satisfactory progress. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band are energetic, persever- ing and law-abiding. I find they are easily made to grasp an idea in the right direc- tion, and some of them are making splendid headway. In fact, a few of them are independent, while others are not so well off and require assistance. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are strictly temperate, and are a good, moral class of people. I have, &c., M. D. McMillan, Indian Agent. 74 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Nova Scotia, MicMACs OF Shelburne County, Shelburne, April 6, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement for he fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Keserve. — There being no reserve in this agency, the Indians are located at Shel- burne River, Sable River, Clyde River and Banington. Population. — The population of this agency is 37. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians in general has been poor. Typhoid fever was the principal epidemic. They observe the sanitary regulations fairly well. Nearly all the Indians have been vaccinated. Occupations. — The principal pursuits are fishing, hunting and hiring out as labourers. Buildings. — The buildings in this agency are of logs and frame, and are kept in good repair. Education. — The majority of the children attend school. The parents take more interest in the education of their children than they have in the past. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians are industrious and law-abiding. The najority of them are very poor. Temperance and Morality. — They are of temperate habits, and their moral char- icter is good. I have, &c., JOHN HIPSON, Indian Agent. Nova Scotu, MicM.ics OF Victoria County, June 1, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — ^I have the honour to submit my annual report and statistical statement for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Tribe. — All the Indians of this agency belong to the Micmac tribe. Reserve. — There is only one reserve in this county, situated at Middle River, about one mile west of the village of Nyanza. It comprises 650 acres, 60 acres of which is in a good state of cultivation, 210 acres cleared, but not under much cultiva- tion; and the remainder covered with a second-growth of light timber. The soil generally is fertile, being especially adapted for raising hay, potatoes, vegetables and oats. Population. — The population of this agency is 93. i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians on the reserve for the past /ear has been fairly good. They observe sanitary regulations about their premises fairly well. Occupations. — The principal pursuits are farming, fishing, hunting and hiring out as labourers. Buildings. — The buildings are of frame and are kept tidy and in good repair. Stock. — Their stock is well looked after. Farm Implements. — There are very few implements on the reserve, but they are fairly well cared for. Education. — There is one school situated about the centre of the settled part of the reserve. The Indians take quite an interest in the school, some of them being very anxious that their children should receive a common school education. The progress for the past year was excellent. Characteristics and Progress. — They are an industrious and law-abiding class, and their condition seems to be improving from year to year. Temperance and Jlorality. — They are temperate and moral in their habits. Religion. — The Indians in this agency are all Roman Catholics. I have, &c., A. J. MACDONALD. Indian Agent. Nova Scotia, MiCMACs OF Yarmouth County, Yarmouth, April 30, 1909. FttANK Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my- annual report and statistical statement for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Reserve. — There is only one reserve in this county, situated on the north side of Starr's road, about two miles from the town of Yarmouth. It has an area of 21^ acres. There are four families living on the reserve; the rest are scattered all over the county, some at Salmon River, Tusket, Tusket Forks, Pubnico Head, and Hectanooga. Population. — The population of this band is SO. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the Indians is poor. They observe che sanitary regulations in regard to their dwellings fairly well. Occupations. — Their chief occupations are working in saw-mills, log-driving, mak- ing baskets, mast hoops and axe-handles, berry-picking, porpoise-fishing, and acting as guides for hunting and fishing parties. This year has been a hard one for these Indians. Porpoise-fishing was a failure; and Yarmouth had a siege of small-pox, and the Indians could not sell baskets, as the people would not allow them near their houses — they would lock their doors on them. The worst is now over. As soon as it gets a little warmer, they will be going trout-fishing. Education. — The children attend school fairly well when they have a chance. Religion. — They are all Roman Catholics. Characteristics and Progress. — They are law-abiding, but make very little pro- gress. Temperance and Morality. — With very few exceptions they are temperate. I have, &c., W. H. WHALEN, Indian Agent. 76 DKf'AIiTMEXr OF IMJlAX AFFAIRfi 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Nova Scotu, Indian Superintendent's Office, EiVER Bourgeois?, May 17, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian AfFair.^, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended March 31. on Indian affairs in the territory under my supervision, namely, the provinces of Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Population. — The Indian population of these provinces may be placed in round figures at 4,300, pretty evenly divided between the sexes, the number of males being aliout 100 in excess of the females. Statistics show that in" the province of New Brunswick the Indians are gradually increasing in numbers, while the same authority indicates that in Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia they are slowly decreasing. Health and Sanitation. — Notwithstanding the laudable and persistent efforts of the Indian Department through its various officials to preserve and, whenever possible, to promote the health of its wards, these are, for the most part, a weak and sickly people. I am persuaded that the Indian is naturally a person of strong constitution, but owing to his extremely careless mode of living from infancy, involving a dis- regard of the most elementary rules of sanitation, physical defects are engendered and developed which render him, when exposed to the danger of any malignant disease, an easy prey to its influences. This is, no doubt, why Indians are so susceptible to the ravages of consumption. While these remarks apply in a measure to every Indian community with which 1 have acquaintance, they refer more particularly to certain places in Nova Scotia; but even here, I am pleased to say, there are frequent and notable exceptions to those undesirable habits of living which prevail as a rule, and such exceptions give reason to hope that their salutai-y influences may spread and develop changes for the better, that will tinally result in permanent benefits to the ilicmac race as a whole. With regard to the enforcement among the Indians of sanitary regulations pre- scribed for their benefit by the department, I feel satisfied that oflBcials, as a rule, have discharged their duties in that particular as well as the circumstances in every case would permit, and I have noted with satisfaction that' in several places the results 'are becoming quite apparent. A mild type of .small-pox, which, however, proved very troublesome, was prevalent among different bands of Micmacs in Nova Scotia during the fall and winter months. My information is that very few cases of the malady proved fatal; and in view of the conditions referred to above which influence the general health of these people, the wonder to me is that the mortality was not more serious. The affected localities were well handled by the medical officers in charge, whose prompt and efficient action on every occasion prevented any inexcusable spread of the disease, which has been stamped out quite effectually, but at considerable cost to the department. Education. — As with common schools generally, so it is with Indian schools, very good work, comparatively speaking, is done in some, while in others the results are rather indifferent. The oft repeated expression that the teacher makes the school is particularly applicable to Indian schools. One who knows little or nothing of the natural propensities or peculiarities of our Micmacs can hardly succeed as a teacher among them ; and in this connection I am disposed to believe that women make much better teachers than men. Some of the important qualifications for one in charge i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGENTS 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 of an Indian school, who aims at doing successful work, are gentleness, patience, untiring industry and perseverance, a combination not always characteristic of the ordinary individual. The successful teacher must be regarded as a very important factor among the elements operating at present for the improvement of the Indian's position in the social scale, as well as for the advancement of his material interests, because very little progress can be made along these lines without first educating the beneficiary. That being so, the services of such teachers are most valuable, and should be ap- preciated accordingly. Race, Religion, Characteristics. — The Indians of the maritime provinces belong chiefly to the ilicraac family, and all are Roman Catholics, very firm in their faith. They enjoy a reputation for honesty, which I believe to be well deserved. As a rule they are sober, perhaps as much from force of circumstances as for any other reason, because they are no doubt naturally inclined to make use of intoxicants. But, for- tunately, I do not think that any vendors of strong liquor can be found at the present day who would knowingly supply any to an Indian. Micmacs generally make good servants, being industrioiis and faithful when work- ing for wages under a master or conductor. They are quite diligent also when em- ployed on their own account in certain occupations, such as making hockey-sticks snow-shoes, wash-tubs, and other kinds of woodwork. But cultivating the soil seems to have terrors for them which they find it difficult to overcome, although a few iu every band have devoted considerable attention to farming operations in recent years and are making some progress. The large majority of Indian women seem to be as much averse to housekeeping as the men are to agricultural pursuits. Instead of occupying themselves with domes- tie concerns which usually engage the attention of other women first, they neglect those duties and appear to prefer making baskets, fancy moccasins, quill-boxes, and work of that character. Tie consequence is" that one is apt to find an Indian's home poorly kept — untidy and unclean; his food only half prepared and cooked in such a .vay as to be barely eatable, causing waste and poverty. It may be that the Indian woman attends to her domestic affairs according to her ability, and that lack of knowledge prevents her from doing better. In fact, I believe such to be the case, and have, therefore, often thought that if the elements of domestic science could be taught Indian girls in the schools, or otherwise, by the teacher, it would effect in a short time a great improvement in the rather primitive methods of housekeeping now in vogue in too many Indian houses. I beg to refer you to the reports of the various officials in charge of the different Indian agencies in Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Xew Brunswick for de- tailed information concerning the several bands occupying reserves and residing at other points within the limits of these provinces. I have, &c., A. J. BOYD, Indian Superintendent. 78 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Prince Edward Island, MiCMAcs OF Prince Edward Island, HiGGiNS Eoad, May 10, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Siipt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on Indian affairs for the year ended March 31, 1909. Eeserves.-^There are two reserves in this superintendency, viz. : Lennox Island reserve and the Morell reserve. The former is an island situated in Richmond bay; it contains 1,320 acres. The latter is situated on lot or township 39 in Kings county; it contains 204 acres of excellent land. Population. — The population of this superintendency, comprising both reserves and other localities in Prince Edward Island, is 272, a decrease of 4 during the year. There have been 8 deaths and only 4 births. Occupations.- — The principal pursuits are farming and fishing during the summer. They catch lobsters during the season; after the season closes they fish "for cod; in the autumn they gather oysters, which they sell at a good price. Education. — There is but one school, situated on Lenno.x Island, attended by 16 children, who are making fair progress. Health and Sanitation. — There has been considerable sickness during the winter, and many deaths have occurred in consequence. An epidemic of small-pox broke out among them last spring, and the whole reserve of Lennox Island was quarantined. Temperance. — Those living on Lennox Island reserve, with a few exceptions, are sober. Religion. — These Indians are all Roman Catholics. They have a very fine church on Lennox Island. They built a parochial house a few years ago at a cost of about $600. I have, &c., JOHN O. ARSENAULT, Indian Superintendent. Province of Manitoba, BiRTLE Agency, BiRTLE, April 20, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir. — I have the honour to submit my annual report, together with agricultural and industrial statistics, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Tribes. — There are five reserves in this agenc.v, four are occupied by the Saulteaux and one by the Sioux or Dakotas. The Saulteaux arc a branch of the Ojibbewa tribe, and receive annuity yearly. The Sioux receive no annuity. They are part of the band of Sioux who came to the i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Dominion of Canada after the Minnesota massacre, and who refused to return to the United States. They were given a reserve here by the Dominion government, some cattle and farm implements, to enable them to make their own living, fanning and raising cattle, which they are doing very successfully. BIRDTAIL SIOUX BAND, KO. 57. Reserve. — This reserve has an area of 6,400 acres, and is located at the junction of the Birdtail creek and the Assiniboine river. The land is a light loam on the bench, and in the valley of the Assiniboine, heavy clay, fertile and suitable for the growing of wheat, corn, oats, and root crops of all kinds. There is a good portion of the valley meadow, which yields a fair average amount of good hay in the rainy seasons. Part of the hay crop is also secured on section 26-14-27, west of the first meridian. There are about 600 acres in wood, mostly scrub, consisting of oak, elm, maple and poplar. The Assiniboine river borders the south and west portion of the reserve, and the Birdtail creek runs through the northwest portion. The valley of the Bird- • tail creek runs through the northwest portion, and is wooded, principally poplar, and in many places there is a great growth of wild fruits. The Grand Trunli Pacific rail- way runs through the reserve, along the valley of the Assiniboine river, hugging the hills, and crosses the Birdtail creek in a northwesterly direction. Beulah is the nearest post office, being 5 miles east, and Birtle 12 miles north. Owing to the light hay crop, all the wheat and oat straw is saved and fed to stock during the winter months. keeseekoowenin's band, no. 61. Reserve. — This reserve is located on the Little Saskatchewan river, and on the southern base of the Riding mountains, and has an area of 6,660 acres. This includes the fishing station and the east half of section 8, township 20, range 19 west, at Clear- water lake, about 20 miles northeast of the reserve, near Elphinstone, Man. The soil is a black loam, some parts of the valley being very stony and unfit for cultivation; most of the cleared land, however, is fertile and suitable for raising grain and root crops of all kinds. The pasturage for stock is getting less each year, on the cleared land, as it is being cultivated and fenced. There is good grazing, however, in the wooded sections, as there are numerous small lakes and open places where the animals can feed, get water and find good shelter. In the valley along the Little Saskatchewan river, which runs north and south through the reserve, there are large meadows, which supply the bulk of the hay required for stock. Around the numerous small lakes and ponds small quantities of hay can also be cut. There are about 3,883 acres in wood, mostly small poplar, willow, with some spruce and tamarack at Clearwater lake. The Canadian Northern railway (Clan William branch) runs southeast of the reserve, and Elphinstone, about a quarter of a mile from the southern boundary, is the nearest post office. WAYWAYSEECAPPO'S BAND, NO. 62. Reserve. — This reserve has an area of 24,960 acres, and is located about 15 miles northeast from Birtle, and is 5 miles west of Rossburn, Man. The Birdtail creek runs through the northeast corner of the reserve. There are about 19,000 acres in wood, mostly poplar and willow. The large poplar is suitable for building houses and stables, and the remainder makes good fire-wood, and the large willows arc used for fence posts. In the southern and western portions there are numerous lakes and ponds, and hay meadows, which furnish sufficient hay for stock and for sale. The soil is a rich heavy black loam, and is suitable for the growing of all kinds of grain 80 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 and root crops, also the raising of stock. Most of the north half of the reserve is thickly wooded, and the south open prairie, with occasional bliiifs of poplar and willow. gambler's band^ no. 63. Eeserve. — This reserve has an area of 774 acres, and is situated near Silver creek. The Assiniboine river is on the west side, and Binscarth. Man., a small town, on the northwestern branch of the Canadian Pacific railwa.v, is 5 miles northeast from the reserve. The soil is a black sandy loam, with poplar bluffs and some scrub oak. ROLLINCi nn'ER BAND. NO. 67. Reserve. — This reserve has an area of 12,800 acres, and is situated about 8 miles north of Basswood, Man., a small village on the Canadian Pacific railway (Minnedosa and Yorkton branch). The land is undulating, with a great deal of poplar and willow brush. There are numerous lakes and sloughs. Four of the lakes contain fish. The hay-supply is obtained around the lakes and sloughs, but in the very rainy seasons the supply is limited on account of the high water in the sloughs. The Rolling river runs through the eastern portion of the reserve. The soil is a black loam, and suit- able for grain-growing and root crops. Owing to the hilly and rough nature of the land, it being heavily wooded with poplar and willow, it is hard for the Indians, un- accustomed as they have always been to this sort of work, to make the rapid pro- gress that might be expected of them. There are about 7,800 acres in wood, princi- pally poplar and willow. The Canadian Northern railway (Clan William branch) runs about 2 miles north of the northern boundary of the reserve. The nearest post office, about 3 miles west of the reserve, is Rolling River. REMARKS APPLYING TO THE WHOLE AGENCY. Population. — The popidation of each band is as follows: — Birdtail Sioux band. No. 57 75 Keeseekoowenin's band. No. 61 118 Waywayseecappo's band, No. 62 184 Gambler's band. No. 63 13 Rolling River band. No. 67 91 Total population 4S1 Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians during the past year has been fairly good. There have been a number of deaths from phthisis on the different reserves ; precaution was taken to have their houses disinfected and most of the bedding burned. Several were moved to the tent hospital for treatment. During the winter, in January, there was an epidemic of measles on the Keeseekoowenin's and Waywaysee- cappo's reserves and at the Birtle boarding school. There were 6 deaths from the disease — 4 on the Keeseekoowenin's and 2 on the Waywayseecappo's reserve. Prompt assistance was rendered by the medical officers, and the disease did not spread to the other reserves. The members of Waywayseecappo's hand were fortunate, as they had the services of a trained nurse, which was the great factor in stamping out the disease on that reserve and the saving of a number of young lives. The tent hospital has accomplished good work during the year, as the birth-rate and death-rate on the Way- wayseecappo's reserve show as follows: births, 6; deaths, 4. Dr. Wright is the medical officer and Nurse Ada E. Armstrong is the nurse in charge. She is very capable, and has had experience in district vi.siting as a nurse in the Margaret Scott Home, Winnipeg. i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGENTS 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 As soon as the weather permits, the Indians, with a few exceptions, move into tents for the summer and fall months, and there is no doubt that living in the open air tends to improve the health of the Indians, especially those suffering from weak lungs. All refuse collected around their houses during the winter months is raked up as soon as the snow disappears and burned. Most of their houses are limewashed luring the summer montlis inside and out, and during the past year have been kept clean and tidy, with some exceptions, of course, and it has been a pleasure to visit them. The Saulteaux women keep their houses in much better condition than the Sioux women, and if the latter were as progressive as the majority of their husbands, a great improvement would be noted in the homes on the reserves. The Indians when visiting the towns in the vicinity of their reserves are generally clean and tidy in appearance. Resources and Occupations. — The members of the Birdtail -Sioux band, No. 57, are practically all farmers. Their principal crops are wheat and corn. They have excellent gardens, and raise vegetables of all kinds. The women look after the gardens, make bead-work, moccasins, baskets and mats, and .earn considerable money from the sale of wild fruit and senega-root. There is also a small revenue from the sale of fur. The members of Keeseekoowenin's band. No. 61, earn their living by farming, raising cattle, hunting, fishing, and a number of the young people are employed as domestics and labourers. The women make bead-work, mats, moccasins, tan hides and gather senega-root and wild fruits, which adds considerably to their income during the year. The members of Waywayseecappo's band. No. 62, earn their living by hunting, sale of dry fire-wood and hay, a little farming and cattle-raising. A number work out for farmers in the vicinity during the seeding and harvest seasons, and are paid good wages. The women make bead-work, moccasins, mats, tan hides, gather senega- root and wild fruits, which they sell, and the proceeds add to the income of the home. The Indians of the Rolling River band. No. 67, earn their living by farming a little, raising cattle, hunting, sale of dry fire-wood, working out for farmers at harvest time and on threshing gangs, making excellent wages. The women make bead-work, mats, tan hides, gather senega-root and wild fruits, making good money. On the .vhole, these Indians provide well for themselves during the year. John Tanner and his son, on. the Gambler's reserve. No. 63, are well-to-do. He had in crop last ,vear 88 acres of wheat and 24 acres of oats, and harvested 1,250 bushels of wheat and 825 bushels of oats. He has a first-class equipment of farm Implements, splendid horses, good house and stables, granary, and raises horses and cattle. Buildings. — The dwelling-houses are principally log ones, and a large number have shingle roofs, with kitchen attached ; some have stairways and have their bed- oom above. There are a number of frame houses, two-storeys, very comfortable. There are also a number of shanties, nearly all, with some exceptions, of a good size. The stables are log ones, and in most cases are suitable for their small ponies. Those who have good-sized horses build good roomy ones. Granaries and storehouses are being built and old ones improved. Stock. — The past winter has been favourable for stock. The snow-fall was light up to March, when, during this month there was a heavy fall, the snow being now leep, and cattle and horses are longing for the green grass. The calf crop was good. The Indians who take an interest in farming, as a rule, have good work horses, and care for them properly; a number, however, who own ponies are not so careful, and ery seldom do the owners feed grain to them. They are used generally for running about and visiting the towns in the vicinity of their reserves. A number have yoke^ of good work oxen, which are properly cared for by the owners. Farm Implements. — In the Birdtail Sioux band, No. 57, each individual farmer i« well equipped with all the necessary farm implements, purchased by himself, re- 27— i— 6 82 DEPARTMENT OF 7A'D7A.V AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 quired for the work of the farm. Good care is taken of the implement*, and a num- ber have all their machinei-y under cover during the winter months. The Saulteaux bands, Nos. 61, 62. 63 and 67, have also sufficient farm implements necessary for working the land, mostly all purchased by themselves, with the excep- tion of some ploughs, disc-harrows and seeders supplied by the department. Good care, on the whole, is taken of this machinery. Education. — There is one boarding and one day school located in this agency. The Birtle boarding school is located in the town of Birtle, 'Ma.n., and is situated on the north side of the Birdtail creek, on the hill overlooking the town. There are 51 pupils on the roll, who attend classes regularly some part of each school day. Progress in the different grades during the year has been very satisfactory. Two of the senior pupils are now preparing for the public school entrance examinations, so as to qualify them as teachers amongst their own people. The teacher, Miss ]\IcGregor, is an e.x- ceptionally good one, and has devoted her very best services and talents to the ad- vancement of the pupils under her charge. Good progress has also been made in the household training. Under Miss McLeod's supervision the older girls take charge of the kitchen, preparing all meals, and making all the bread needed for the pupils. In the sewing-room Miss McLaren, ably assisted by Miss Tansley, teaches all the girls those branches of needlework which they will find most useful in their future ife. The school is under the management of the Eev. W. W. McLaren, B.A., who instructs the boys in the care of stock, gardening and farming on a small scale. The Okanase day school is located on the Keeseekoowenin's reserve. No. 61, and about a mile and a half from Elphinstone, Man., a small village half a mile south of the reserve. Miss Maggie E. Murray is the teacher, and she is doing her best to educate the pupils under her charge. The attendance during parts of the year is fair, but on the whole it is not satisfactory, and, of course, it is very discouraging to a teacher, as it is impossible to make much progress unless the pupils attend regularly every school day. There was an epidemic of measles during January, and the school was closed for a time. This will account for the poor attendance during January and February. The average attendance during the year was i-^7. Characteristics and Progress. — The past year, on the whol", has been a good one. Considerable new land has been broken, and each year adds to the number of those who are classed as earning their living by farming and cattle-raising. The Indians are law-abiding and live in peace with their white brothers. The majority are in- telligent and are making progress steadily, and are very well to do from an Indian's standpoint. There are a number, however, who are very indolent and lazy, and there seems no hope for their improvement, as they make no effort whatever to im- prove their condition. The progressive and industrious farmers are becoming better off each year, and on the other hand the indolent and lazy are making no headway, and are at a standstill. Temperance and Morality. — During the year there was only one infraction of the liquor law brought under my notice. In this case it was an Indian of the Rolling River band, who was fined $25 and costs for having intoxicants in his possession. The majority of the Indians are not addicted to the use of spirituous liquor, although it can easily be obtained by those who are, provided that they have the money to pay for it. On the whole, the conduct of the Indians during the year has been good, and, with few exceptions, the moral standard of the men and women is higher than might be expected, considering the conditions under which they live. Crops. — Seeding operations commenced on April 1.3, and were general by the 22nd. The weather was favourable up to the 25th, when rain fell, and as it got colder, turned to snow with frost. This continued for over a week, and seeding operations were at a standstill until the beginning of May. This month seeding was finished, and, as the weather conditions were all that one could desire during May, June and part of July, grain and root crops made rapid advance. About the latter part of July and i REPORTS OF INDIAN AOENTS 83 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 beginning of August it was very dry, no "rain falling, and crops were suffering from the drought ; fortunately rain fell in time and saved the situation. The hay crop wag Hn excellent one, and a large quantity was cut and stacked and the surplus sold during tne winter months. The moneys received were of great assistance to them during the past winter in purchasing provisions, &c. The wheat averaged 13 -34 hnshels per acre and oats 23 -80 bushels. General Eemarks. — The past year, on the whole, has been a good one ; crop returns were fair, and the prices obtained for wheat and oats were better than in previous years. Oats were a light crop, also potatoes and other roots. Only sufficient corn was saved for seed. The moneys obtained from other industries, such as working out as farm labourers, on threshing gangs, and in domestic service, sale of wild ■fruits, .sienega-root, wood, ha.y, &c., were better than in previous years and added greatly to their earnings. The past winter's trapping was fair, and the industrious ones made a good deal of money, as the prices for fur were good. A large number of the Indians during the open season were successful in getting either a moose, elk or deer, which added to their comfort in supplying them with food, also leather for moccasins for them. The winter was a long one, and the spring season promises to be very late. The agency dwelling-house was improved by having a stone foundation built aroTuid the cellar and the tloor of same cemented, which adds greatly to its strength and value. Tlie missionaries on the different reserves have continued their assistance in the advancement of the Indians inider bur united charge. Inspector S. Swinford made his inspection of the agency and school (Birtle board- ing) in February and March, last. I have, &c., G. H. WHEATLEY, Indian Agent. Maxitoha Svi'ERIntendexcYj Clandeboye Agency, Selkirk, April 1. 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sin, — I have the honour to submit the report of the Clandeboye agency for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. There are three bands in this agency, namely, St. Peter's, Brokenhead River and Fort Alexander. • ST. Peter's band. Tribe. — The people of this band are a mixture of the Cree, Saulteaux and Chip- pewa tribes. Reserve. — These Indians in 1007 surrendered their reserve of St, Peter's, and have been given one at and along the Fisher river. This new reserve comprises all of town- ships 26 and 27, range 1, west, and the southerly and easterl.y portion of townships 26 and 27, range 2, west ; a total area of about 75,000 acres. The easterly boundary fol- lows the first meridian line and the southerly the township line between townships 25 and 26. The westerly and northerly boundaries present a zigzag appearance on 27—1—61 84 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRfi i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 the map, and the idea iu laying out the reserve was to give length in a direction fol- lowing the Fisher river. This river traverses the reserve in an almost diagonal direc- tion. It is a small stream, about fifty feet wide, shallow, with a stony bed, scarcely of sufficient depth of water to float a canoe in the summer. It is fed from the low lands in the interior. It empties its waters into Fisher bay, a deep indentation of Lake Winnipeg. The land in the reserve might be described as meadow-land, with swamp in places. Most of it can be drained and made good agricultural land. The Indians are well pleased with it. It is to be known as the ' Peguis reserve ' after the old Chief Peguis of this band and grandfather of the present chief. The Indians are only beginning to move on to it from St. Peter's, as the fulfil- ment of the arrangements made at the time of the surrender were only finally com- pleted in October last. According to the terms of the surrender of the St. Peter's reserve, the land was surveyed last summer by Mr. J. K. McLean, D.L.S., of the Indian Department, and apportioned to the Indians, giving each I'G acres or a multiple of that quantity in proportion to the number of his family under the age of 21 years. For this land each received Crown grants, which were delivered to them during the months of November, December and January. These Crown grants covered an area of about 21,000 acres. In December, 1908, an atiction sale was held and a portion of the remainder of the reserve was sold, about 15,000 acres, realizing $86,185. The land apportioned to the Indians comprised the best lands in the reserve, and the remainder, sold by auction, only low and swampy lands. Population. — The population of this band at the annuity jjayments was 1,163. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the people of this band during the year has, generally speaking, been good. The usual precautions were taken in the spring to have each family clean up around their premises. Occupations. — The men followed their usual occupations during the year, namely, raising a few cattle and gathering hay, which they sold during the winter on the market in Selkirk and realized good prices. Those who had no teams got hay put up on- shares and sold it in the stack. There was some farming done, but only by a com- paratively few. The department assisted these few in the spring of 1908 by advanc- ing them sufficient to buy seed. Last winter a number were employed by one or two of those who had purchased land in the reserve to cut wood. Ijuildings. — There has been no improvement in buildings in St. Peter's, as the families expect soon to leave for the Peguis reserve. Some work has been done there. Stock. — There has been a slight increase in the number of cattle and horses among the most frugal of the people, as they realized money from the sale of their land. The stock came through the winter fairly well. Hay has been a high price, and that has been a temptation for them to sell. In no case were we called upon to assist to feed the stock during the winter, though the spring was an exceptionally long one. Farm Implements. — Those who know how to take care of implements and ap- preciate the use of them, have added to their machinery, particularly in wagons and sleighs, by a judicious use of some of the money realized from the sale of land. Education. — All the six schools in the St. Peter's parish and supported by the department are kept open. A new public school has been opened at Peguis, but no Indian children are allowed to attend it. Characteristics and Progress. — On account of the Indian's finding it difficult to adapt himself to agriculture, in many cases he must become a labourer. Our present industries demand skilled labour, and the Indian, as a rule at any rate, ap- pears not to be able to apply himself with sufficient care or sufficiently long to become a skilled mechanic. There is also a prejudice against him among other mechanics. I doubt whether he would be allowed to join a union. In the old days he could find continuous employment with the traders and ex- plorers or at hunting and fishing on his .own account. He received a small wage, i REPORTS OF 1SDIA\ AGENTS 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 hut it was sufficient to maintain him at the then standard of living. At the present time he cannot hunt and fish all the year round, as he is prevented by game and fish- ing regulations. There are only a few weeks in the fall during which he can have a free hand at hunting and selling his products, and only a few months in the summer and winter when he is not restricted by fishery regulations. During the period of industrial activity of a few years ago the Indians found plenty of work and were well paid. During the last two years they have not been so steadily employed nor at so fair remuneration. The standard of living among the Indians has been higher, and in a measure kept pace with that of their white neighbours. The young men and women all dress well, and only the old people and the really needy avail themselves cf the clothing distributed by missionaries. The half-breed element among them avail themselves of every opportunity to procure intoxicants. This is a general cause of wastefulness, and as soon as they are out of work and have money it seems impossible to prevent them from getting liquor in spite of the fact that so many are fined. Temperance and Morality. — Some of the St. Peter's people are well respected in the neighbourhood. They are able to do business in the town and get credit as easily as white men, and keep their engagements as well. Others have deteriorated. At a confirmation service in the Anglican church a year ago over sixty young men and women were confirmed. There were over thi'ee hundred people present. It is generally conceded, however, that the removal of this band to a reserve somewhat more remote from immediate contact with civilization will promote their moral welfare. It will take another period of moral training in the wilderness to enable them to resist the enticing allurements of civilization. BROKENHEAD BAND. Tribe. — These people are Swampy Crees. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in townships 15 and 10, ranges 6 and 7, east of the principal meridian. It is heavily timbered with poplar and some spruce and tamarack. It is watered by the Brokenhead river. It contains 21 -90 square miles. Population. — The population of the band is 150. Health and Sanitation. — There has been no outbreak of any disease among them, and the band as a whole has been fairly healthy. These Indians still depend to some T'Xtent on their ' medicine men.' Occupations. — Their occupation consists mainly in fishing and hunting. For hunting they are compelled to go to a considerable distance, as the surrounding coun- try is rapidly becoming settled. In the summer months they take long excursions, gathering snake-root. Some of the young men are employed with the fish companies on the lakes. Buildings. — The buildings are of log and generally of one room. In the summer many of these Indians camp. The chief lives in a teepee during the summer and until late in the fall. Stock. — There are a very few head of stock on the reserve. One man owns about fifty head and several others from five to ten head. Two of them have horses. Oc- casionally others may have a horse or a team for a while. Farm Implements. — There are only a small number of farm implements on the reserve. The reserve is heavily timbered, and to cultivate the soil would require •T heavy expenditure of labour, patience, and a considerable outlay of capital. There are a few heavy sleighs and two wagons supplied by the department. Education. — There has been a good school on the reserve and well attended. About twenty-five children attend very regularly, and that is about all there are on the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — The principal men of this band arc pagans. There is a mission of the Church of England and one of the Roman Catholic Church. The 86 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 missionary of the Church of England has been absent, more or less, for a year, and has recently resided on account of ill health. He will be missed among the Indians and by the departmental officers, as he took a real and quiet interest in the progress of the Indians. Temperance and Morality. — We do not have any trouble with these people in the matter of intoxicants. Once in a long wliile we hear of some of them getting liquor, but their isolated position keeps them free from temptation. The settlement around them is German, and there is no communication between those people and the Indians. FORT ALEXANDER BAND. Tribe. — These people belong to the Swampy Cree tribe. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in townships 18 and 19, ranges 8 and 9, east f.f the first principal meridian, and along the shore of Lake Winnipeg. It is traversed in a north esterly direction by the Winnipeg river. Population. — The population of the baud is 497. Health and Sanitation. — The people of this band have been healthy during the year. Occupations. — Labour has been scarce, but they have managed to eke out a living by hunting and fishing. A few have found work at Lac du Bonnet on the different jjower line constructions. There is no farming on the reserve to speak of except a few gardens. A few of the half-breeds try to do something. Buildings. — The buildings are of log, with, in most cases, shingle roofs. There are one or two very good houses, but they belong to the half-breed element among them. Stock. — -There are not many cattle on this reserve, but there were about eighteen horses. During the winter glanders broke out among the horses, and the Depart- ment of Agriculture was notified, and it sent out Dr. Robinson, who examined all the horses on the reserve and shot those that were affected. Education.- — There are two day schools on the reserve and one large Roman Catho- lic boarding school with accommodation for sixty pupils. This school is well conducted and improvements are yearly being made to the buildings. New land was broken last year, and stables and implement-sheds erected. The department supplied the school with a gasoline engine to pump water from the Winnipeg river up to the building for general use. The day schools are well attended. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and law-abiding. 1 here has for the past few years been considerable work along the river, and the Indians have had their share of the labour, and it has had a tendency to raise their standard of living. Temperance and Morality. — These people are temperate and are not molested much by white adventurers. I have, &c., J. 0. LEWIS, Indian Agent. i REPORTS OF INDIAN A0ENT8 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Manitoba Superintendency, Raixy Rher District — Fort Frances Agency, Fort Frances, Oat., April 12, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sm, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31, 1909, together with statistical statement. Agency. — This agency comprises the following bands, viz.: Hungrry Hall, Nos. 1 and 2 ; Long Sault, Nos. 1 and 2 ; Manitou Rapids, Nos. 1 and 2 ; Little Forks, Couch- iching, Stangecoming, Niacateheweniii, Nickickousemenecaning, Seine River, Lac la Croix and Sturgeon Lake, being 14 in all. with a total population of S62. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this agency belong to the Ojibbewa tribe. HUNGRY HALL BANDS, NOS. 1 AND 2. Reserves. — Reserves Nos. 14 and 15 are situated at the mouth of Rainy river, and contain 6,280 acres. There is very little merchantable timber on these reserves, but considerable dead tamarack, which is only fit for fire-wood. The land is a rich clay loam. Population. — The population of these two bands is 48. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of all the bands in this agency has been good. There were two cases of diphtheria in the Long Sault band last summer, one in June and the other in September; but prompt action was taken and the disease stamped out. There were two casas of small-pox on the same reserve iu April last, a father and son who had been visiting on the American side during the winter, and the disease broke out on them the second day after their return; but prompt action was taken at once, and no other case occurred. Both patients recovered. When making the annuity payments at Lac la Croix last July, another case of small-pox was found there on an American Indian who was there on a visit, and in this case the disease was stamped out by prompt action in quarantining the patient and vaccinating all the Indians. I think that it was owing to the Indians' being so well vaccinated in the past that we were able to check this disease in the first case. Occupations. — The Indians work at taking out dry cord-wood in the winter, and for settlers and saw-mills in the summer, besides fishing and hunting. Buildings. — Their houses are all built of logs, and are very comfortable. Temperance. — All the Indians along the Rainy river are very much addicted to the use of intoxicant.s, which they can easily procure on the American side, and although the Minnesota state law is very severe on persons supplying liquor to In- dians, it is difficult to secure evidence sufficient to convict, and even when there is sufficient evidence, it has to be tried by a jury, and as there are generally a number of men on the grand jury that are interested in the liquor traffic, it is almost impo.«si- ble to get a conviction. I had a case, with plenty of evidence, before the American court last fall, but the grand jury threw it out. I think there has been less drinking amongst the Indians during the past year than heretofore, which is owing most likely tc the department's having appointed a permanent constable for these reserves. 88 DEPARTMENT OF /A'D/--t.Y AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 LOXG SAULT BAXDS, XOS. 1 AND 2. Reserves. — These reserves, Xos. 12 and 13, are situated on the north bank of the Eainy river, opposite the rapids of that name. Their combined area is 11,413 acres. The land is a rich clay loam and is well adapted for stock-raising and farming. Population. — The population of these two bands is 71. Occvipations. — These Indians work at taking out dead timber, work in saw-mills, steamboats, and for settlers, besides fishing and hunting. Education. — There is a very good day school here under the auspices of the Church of England. The attendance has been good, and fair progress made. MAXITOU RAPIDS BANDS, NO. 1 .\ND 2. Reserve. — These bands occupy reserve i^o. 11, which is situated on the north bank of the Rainy river, opposite the rapids of that name. The area is 5,736 acres. The land is a rich clay loam, and is well adapted for farming and stock-raising. Population. — The population is 99. Occupations. — These Indians work at taking out dry cord-wood, working for lum- ber camps, saw-mills and for settlers, besides fishing and hunting. Buildings. — All the Indians residing along the Rainy river have fairly good log buildings. Stock. — The members of this band take good care of their stock, and this is the only band in this agency that shows a desire to do so. These Indians use milk and some make butter. LITTLE FORKS BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the north bank of the Rainy river, 12 miles west of Fort Frances, and opposite the mouth of the Little Fork river, and is designated' as reserve No. 10. It contains an area of 1,920 acres. The land is a rich loam. Population. — The population of this band is 45. Occupations. — These Indians work at taking out timber; they work in lumber .amps and for settlers. They also fish and hunt. WILD LAND RESERVE, NO. 15M. Reserve. — This reserve consists of 24,358 acres, and is owned in common by all the above mentioned Rainy river bands. There are large quantities of merchantable timber on this reserve, consisting of pine, tamarack, spruce and cedar. The greater portion of the reserve is a rich clay loam. It adjoins the Hungry Hall reserves, near the mouth of Rainy river. COrCHICHING BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band are situated on Rainy lake and Stange- coming bay, 3 miles north of Fort Frances, and are designated as 16A, 16D and 18B. They contain an area of 15,947 acres. There is considerable good land, but the greater portion is rocky and broken. There is very little merchantable timber on these re- serves, owing to frequent fires in the past. Population. — This band has a population of 186. Occupations. — The resources of this band are many, consisting of working in lumber eamp.s, river-driving, saw-mills, for settlers, cutting and hauling cord-wood, fishing and hunting. A number of the women get considerable work in washing and scrubbing at Fort Frances. i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGENTS 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Buildings. — Their bouses are well built, and very comfortably furnished. Several new frame houses have been built during the year, and nearly all are kept clean and neat ; in fact, their houses will compare favourably with those of the white settlers. Education. — The Fort Frances boarding school, which is under the contrel of the Roman Catholic Church, is situated on the northeast end of the agency reserve and adjoining the reserve of this band. The building is an excellent one, and could con- veniently accommodate 50 pupils. It is heated by steam, and has all the latest modern improvements in the way of lavatories and closets. It is lighted by acetylene gas, which is stored in the engine-house at a distance from the school. All the doors open outwards, and there is a splendid system of fire-escapes. There are three large tanks in the attic, which hold 2,100 gallons of water; this water is pumped from the lake, 2,010 feet from the bank, by a gasoline engine, with a capacity of 30 gallons per minute. The fire-protection is as nearly perfect as it can be got ; for, besides the 10 fire-extinguishers disposed throughout the building, there is a hose attached to the water pipe on every floor of the building. There are at present 45 pupils in this school - — 19 boys and 2C girls. The staff consists of the principal, the Rev. M. Kalmes, one brother and five reverend sisters. Temperance. — On the whole the members of this band are fairly temperate and moral people. STAXGECOMIXG BAND. Reserve. — This reserve, Xo. 18C, is situated on Rainy lake, about 8 miles north of Fort Frances, and contains 3,801 acres, the greater portion being barren rock, and the timber is of poor quality, except at the north end, where there is some good tam- arack. Population. — The population of this band is 45. Occupations. — These Indians live principally by working in lumber camps and saw-mills, and by fishing and hunting. Education. — There are 11 children of this band attending the Fort Frances boarding school. Temperance. — The Indians of this band and the following bands are all addicted to the use of intoxicants. XIACATCHEWEMX BAND. Reserves. — The reserves attached to this band are 17A and 17B, and are situated about 26 miles northwest of Fort Frances, on the Xorthwest bay, in Rainy lake. The area of these reserves is 6.201. The greater portion is rocky and broken. There is considerable good timber on 17B, principally pine. Population. — The population of this band is 60. Occupations. — The young men get employment in lumber camps and saw-mills, but they principally live by fishing and hunting. Education. — Theve are two children of this band attending the Fort Frances boarding school. NICKICKOUSEMENECASIXC: BAND. Reserves.— This land owns 26 A on Red Gut bay, 26B on Porter's inlet, and 260 on Sand Island river, on Rainy lake. The combined area is 10,227 acres. A large portion of the land is rocky and broken. Population. — The population of this band is 35. Occupations. — These Indians live principally by hunting and fishing. They also arc paid .$14 per head, which is derived from interest money from the sale of their timber; this money is paid semi-annually. 90 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Buil'lings. — This band lias built a iiumbor of new houses during the year, the lumber and shingles for which were purchased from their interest money, so that now they have very comfortable dwellings. ^ Education. — Two children of this band attend the Fort Frances boarding school. SEINE RHER BAND. Reserves. — This band has three reserves — Nos. 23 and 23A, extending from Wild Potato lake to Sturgeon Falls, on Seine river; No. 2.3B, at the mouth of Seine river. They contain a combined area of 11.063 acres. There is considerable good timber on these reserves, but the land is sandy and rocky. Population. — This band has a population of 129. Occupations. — These Indians live principally by hunting and fishing. Education. — There is a day school at Wild Potato lake. The teacher, Mr. Peter Spence, is a treaty Indian. The attendance has been poor owing to the nomadic habits of these people, but good progress has been made with those that do attend. LAC LA CROIX BAND. Eeserve. — The reserve, No. 25D, belonging to this baud is situated on Lac la Croix, near the boimdary, about KX) miles east of Fort Frances, and contains 15,353 acres. There is considerable good timber on this reserve, but the land is poor. Population. — The population of this band is 121. Occupations. — Tlie principal occupations of these Indians are fishing and hunt- ing. Education. — There is no school on this reserve, but two children of this band at- tend the Fort Frances boarding school. STURGEON LAKE BAND. Reserve. — The reserve allotted to this band is situated on Kawawiagamak lake, and contains an area of 5,948 acres. Population. — The population of this band is 23. Occupations. — These Indians depend entirely upon fishing and hunting for their subsistence. ^ I have, &c.. JNO. P. WRIGHT, Indian Agent. i REPORTS OF IXDIAN AGEXTS 91 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Manitoba SuperintendencYj Rainv Ri\er District — Kenora and Savanne Agencies, Kenora, Ont., April 2, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs. Ottawa. Sir. — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31, 1900, together with statistical statement. KENORA AGENCY. The agenej- headquarters is situated in the post oifice building in the town of Kenora, Ont. This agency comprises the following bands, viz.: The Dalles, Rat Portage, Shoal Lake, Nos. 39 and 40, Northwest Angle, Nos, 33, 34 and 37, Buffalo Bay, Big Island, Assabaska, Whitefish Bay and Islington; being a total of 12. the dalles band. Tribe or Nation. — All the Indians belonging to this agency are of the Ojibbewa tribe. Reserve, — This reserve is situated on the Winnipeg river, about 10 miles north of the town of Kenora; area, 800 acres; and is timbered with jack and Norway pine, spruce and poplar, witb a few small hay meadows. Population, — The population of this band is 71, Health and Sanitation, — On the whole, the health of this band has been good, influenza, grippe and prairie itch being the only diseases that have troubled them, lu the spring all refuse was collected and burnt, and the houses were put in a good state of cleanliness, and all Indians requiring vaccination have been attended to by Dr. Hanson, Occupations, — These Indians engage in hunting, fishing and berry-picking, and work for the hnuber camps and railway construction. A few of them have very nice gardens, from which they derive quite a benefit, especially with potatoes. Buildings, — Their buildings are of logs, small, but clean and comfortable. Stock. — They have no stock of any kind. Farm Implements, — As they do no farming, they are well suppi'c-d with what im- plements they require. Education, — There is no day school on this reserve, but a number of the children attend the Kenora and Cecilia Jeffrey boarding schools and are doing well. Characteristics and Progress, — These Indians, on the whole, are better off than they were some time ago. They are civil and law-abiding, and are industrious in most cases. Temperance and Morality. — The majority of the band may be considered tem- perate, yet a number of them will make use of intoxicants when they can possibly procure them in any way. They are, on the whole, fairly moral. RAT PORT.^OE BAND. Reserve. — This band holds two reserves, viz. : 38A and B, on Clearwater and Mathcson's bays, Lake of the Woods; area, 13,280 acres, and are wooded with .-priico. 92 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 tamarack, poplar and jack-pine. There is very little agricultural land on these re- serves. Population. — The popvilation of the band is 77. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been good during the year; sanitary precautions have been well observed, and all Indians requiring vaccination have been attended to by the doctor. Occupations. — Fishing, bunting, wild rice and berry-picking in the sumnaertMne, and working for the lumber camps and on steamers during the summer months are their principal occupations, while some of them have small patches of potatoes and gardens. Buildings. — Their buildings are of logs, small, but comfortable and clean. Stock. — -They have no stock, only a span of ponies. Farm Implements. — The Indians of this band do no farming. They have only a few potato patches, and do not require many farm implements, and are well supplied with their requirements. Education. — There is no school on this reserve, but quite a number of the children attend Kenora and Cecilia Jeffrey boarding schools, and are making fair progress. Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of this band are rather indolent. George Ineese being the only one among them that is at all progressive. The rest live by hunting and fishing. They are law-abiding and civil. Temperance and Morality. — Their morals are fairly good, yet a number of them will make use of intoxicants if it is in their power to get liquor in any conceivable way. SHOAL LAKE BANDS, NOS. 39 AND 40. Reserves. — The reserves of these bands are situated on the west and northwest shores of Shoal lake, part of which is in the province of Manitoba; area, 16,205 acres; timbered with spruce, poplar and cedar, with a small area of agricultural and hay-land. Population. — The combined population is 142. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these bands during the past year has not been as good as could be wished. They appear to be a delicate lot of Indians, and several deaths have occurred. Sanitary precautions have been well observed, and all premises are kept in good order, and persons suffering from any malignant disease have been isolated and all Indians have been vaccinated. Occupations. — The principal occupations of these Indians are working on steam- boats, in lumber camps and in taking out wood, hunting and fishing, and some of them have nice patches of potatoes and gardens. Buildings. — Their buildings are of logs, of fair size, and kept neat and clean, .veil ventilated, and fairly well supplied with good furniture and bedding. I have also noticed while visiting them that the outside premises are kept clean, neat and in good order. Stock. — They have only a few animals, which are well cared for, and came through tne winter in good condition. Farm Implements. — They have sufiicient implements for all the farming they do, and take very good care of all their implements and tools. • Education. — Nearly all the children of school age are attending the Cecilia Jef- frey boarding school, and making good progress. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of these bands are rather industrious ; they are law-abiding, and, on the whole, are becoming somewhat better off. They are more provident than in the past. Temperance and Morality. — A majority of these Indians are temperate, while a number of them will make use of intoxicating liquor if they can possibly get it. Their morals are fairly good. They are civil and law-abiding. i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGENTS 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 NORTHWEST ANGLE BANDS. NOS. 33, 34 AND 37. Reserves. — These bands hold the following reserves, viz.: 33A, 34B, on White- fish bay; 33B, 34C, 37B and 37C, at Northwest Angle, part of which is in the province of Manitoba and part in Ontario; 34 and 34C, on Lake of the Woods; 37A and 34B, on Shoal lake; 37 on Big island. The combined area is 20,183 acres; the area has been in a measure reduced since last year owing to the striking off reserve No. 37 at Eainy River, which I found did not belong to these band:, about 800 acres. There is a quantity of good timber on all these reserves. Population. — The combined population is 146. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these bands has been good during the year. Sanitary measures have been well attended to, and all rubbish gathered up and burnt. All the Indians have been vaccinated. All the premises are clean and neat. Occupations. — Hunting, fishing, berry and wild rice picking, and working for the lumber camps and fishermen are their principal occupations. Buildings. — Their houses are of a very inferior class, bviilt of logs, small in size, Init well ventilated, and are generally kept clean and in good order. Stock. — They have only a few head of cattle, but what they have are well taken care of, and came through the winter in good condition. Farm Implements. — Very little farming is done by these Indians, and they are well supplied with implements. Education. — These Indians object to any kind of education, consequently there is uo school on these reserves, but a few of the children are at the Kenora and Cecilia Jeffrey boarding schools. Characteristics and Progress. — Little, if any, progress has been made by these bands. They prefer to live in the old way, of roaming about from one place to another, trapping, fishing and picking berries. They are law-abiding and civil. Temperance and Morality. — The majority of these bands are addicted to the use of intoxicants, when they can at all get liquor. Their morals are fair to good. BUFFALO BAY BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on Buffalo bay, a point on the Lake of the Woods, in the province of Manitoba; area, .5,763 acres. There is a small quantity of timber on this reserve and some good agricultural land. Population. — The population of this band is 33. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band has been good, no disease of any kind having been reported to me during the year. Sanitary measures have been well carried out, and all the Indians have been vaccinated. Occupations. — The principal occupations are hunting, fishing, berry and wild rice l)icking, and working for the lumber camps and iisbmen, and some of them have very fine gardens and patches of potatoes from which they derive good benefit by selling to the boats and at Warroad, Minn. Buildings. — They have log houses, well built, and kept neat and clean in every respect. Stock. — What stock they have is well taken care of and came through the winter in good condition. Education. — The members of this band being all pagans, they take very little interest in education, but some of the children are at the boarding schools. Characteristics and Progress. — A portion of the band is industrious and making good progress, while another part of the band are indolent and do nothing but roam about from one place to another. They are civil and law-abiding. Temperance and iforality. — The majority of the band is, on the whole, temperate, nn.l their morals are fairly good. 94 DEPARTMEXr OF /.YD/A.V AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 BIG ISLAND BAND. Reserves. — This band holds eight reserves, viz. : Nos. 31A, B, C, D, E, F, G and and H, on Big island and Nangashing bay, Lake of the Woods; combined area, 8,737 acres, with a large amount of good merchantable timber on each, as well as a con- siderable quantity of agricultural and hay-land. Population. — This band has a poinilation of 147. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band has, on the whole, been good. No serious diseases have so far been reported. All Indians requiring it have been vac- cinated. Sanitary precautions have been taken, and all rubbish has been gathered up and burnt or carted away. Occupations. — A number of the men work for the fishmen and in the lumber camps; others are employed on the lake boats, while others are hunting, fishing, and some have very nice patches of potatoes and gardens. Buildings. — All buildings are of logs, well built, of fair size, well ventilated, clean, tidy and comfortable. Stock.— The stock is well cared for, and came through the winter in good con- dition. 'Farm Implements. — As they do no farming, they have all the implements they require. Education. — The members of this band are all pagans except three, and take no interest in education; but some of their children are attending the boarding schools and doing well. Characteristics and Progress. — The progress made by this band is very slow. How- ever, they are much better off than they were a few years ago, and the majority of them are industrious and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality.^A portion of the band may be considered temperate, while a number of them will make use of intoxicants when they can obtain them. Their morals are fairly good. ASSABASKA BAND. Reserves. — This band has nine reserves, viz. : 35A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and J, on Xniignshin-i- and Obabikong bays. Big and Little Grassy rivers. Lake of the Woods; combined area, 21,241 acres, having some good merchantable timber, with an amount of agricultural land and hay swamps. Population. — The population of this band is 150. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemics have visited them, and, generally speaking, their health has been good during the year. All sanitary precautions have been taken to prevent the spread of any disease. All premises have been kept neat, clean and tidy. All Indians have been vaccinated, and any suifering from any contagious disease have been isolated from the other members of the band. Occupations. — A number of the band work for the lumber camps and on the tim- ber drives in the spring, and for the fish companies, on steamboats during the summer, and hunt and fish. A majority of them have fine gardens. Buildings. — Their buildings are of logs, and fairly well constructed. During the year considerable improvement has been made in their houses, as I have supplied them with nails and lumber, and they are kept neat, clean and tidy, also well ventilated. Stock. — They have no stock of any kind. Farm Implements. — They do no farming, with the exception of the cultivation of a few patches of potatoes and gardens, and they are well supplied with all the implements they require for this purpose, and take good care of all their implements. Education. — These Indians are all pagans and take very little interest in any form of education. There is a day school on this reserve under the auspices of the Baptist Church, with a very gcod attendance. The progress made so far is .slow, as i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 it was not until tlie end of December, last, that we were able to get the children to attend. They are, however, now doing well. The teacher, Mrs. Harber, is taking great interest in her work. Characteristics and Progress. — The progress made by this band is slow but gradu- ally getting better. The majority of the band are industrious, while the rest are indolent. They are law-abiding and civil, and becoming better off each year. Temperance and Morality. — The morals of the band are fair, and these Indians may be considered fairly temperate, while a few of the band will make use of in- toxicants at times. WHITEFISH BAY BAND. Reserves. — This band holds three reserves, viz. : Nos. 32A, B and C, on Yellow Girl bay, Assabaskong and AVhitefish bays; area, 10,599 acres, on which there is a quantity of good timber and hay swamps. Population. — This band has a population of 68. Health and Sanitation. — Generally spcnking, the health of the band has been good with the exception of an outbreak of diphtheria which occurred during the present winter. This was at once attended to by Dr. Hanson; still the result has been five deaths. However, the disease is now stamped out, and from the last reports received they are now all well. Sanitary measures have been well observed; all garbage and filth was gathered up and burnt. All the Indians have been vaccinated. Oecupatiiins. — Working in the lumlier camps and on the drives in the spring, hunt- ing, fishing, berry-picking, also working on steamers during the summer months are their principal occupations. Some of them have fine plots of potatoes and gardens. The chief. Robert .1. Roy, had a few acres of oats last year, but they did not turn out very well. Buildings. — All buildings are of logs, well built, and most of them have shingled roofs, of good size, well ventilated and fairly well furnished, kept clean and in good order. There is quite an improvement in their houses since last year, both in ap- pearance and comfort. Stock. — They have no cattle, and only a few horses, which are well taken care of and properly looked after. Farm Implements. — They take good care of all the farm implements, of which they have a good supply. Education. — There is no school on this reserve, but a number of the children are at the boarding schools. Characteristics and Progress. — I am pleased to say that most of the Indians of tins band are industrious, and are making fair progress. They are law-abiding and ore becoming richer every year. Temperance and Morality. — Generally speaking, the majority of the band are temperate, yet there are a few of them that will make improper use of liquor when they can get it in any way. Their morals are fair to good. ISLINGTON BAND. Reserves. — This band has throe reserves, viz. : Islington, Swan Lake and One Man's Lake; combined area, 24,899 acres, with considerable agricultural land, and hay swamps, and a quantity of good timber. Population. — This band has a population of 211. Health and Sanitation. — They have been troubled with inlluenza and prairie itch, and a few old cases of scrofula of old standing, for which nothing can be done. There were two deaths from the foregoing causes during the year. But, on the whole, I may say that the health of the band has been good. Sanitary precautions have been well observed. All refuse has been gathered up and carted away or burnt, and all Indians requiring it have been vaccinated. 98 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Occupations. — These Indians make a good living by acting as canoemen and guides, working for the railway contractors and lumber camps, hunting, fishing and berry-pieking, while some of them have fine plots of potatoes and fi^ne gardens, from which they derive great benefit. Buildings. — The buildings are of logs and of good size, well built, and a num- ber of them with shingled roofs. They are well ventilated, clean, neat and tidy. Stock.— The stock is well cared for and came through the winter in good con- dition. The average increase is rather below par. Farm Implements. — They have a fair supply, and it is well taken care of. When not in use they are stored away in good dry places where the rain will not injure them. Education. — There is no school in operation on this reserve owing to the fact that we could not get an attendance, but a number of the children are attending the boarding school at Kenora and the Cecilia Jeffrey school. Shoal Lake. Cecilia Jeffrey Boarding School. — The school is situated on the northeast shore ol Shoal lake, about 45 miles from the town of Kenora. It is under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church, Eev. F. T. Dodds being principal. During the year a very substantial addition has been added to this school, and is now in general use. How- ever, there are several other repairs required to put the whole system in proper order. They have an attendance of 39 pupils at the present time, with room for a few more. The work of this Institution is jsrogreSsing satisfactorily. Both principal and staff taKe great interest in the work. The pupils are well clothed and appear happy and contented. Kenora Boarding School. — This school is situated about 2 miles up the lake from this town, and is doing very good work, and the progress made by the pupils is very good. This school is kept in first-class order and strict discipline is maintained. The children are happy and contented. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band are industrious and make a good living the year round and are becoming better off each year. They are law- abiding and civil. Temperance and Morality. — The majority of the band are addicted to the use of intoxicants when they can manage to secure them in any way. They are fairly moral. GENERAL REM.^RKS. Taking this agency as a whole, I am pleased to say that, although progress has Jeen slow, all the bands have made a slight improvement during the past year. Their health, on the whole, has been better than usual. Their morals have also improved, and the use of intoxicants in a measure has diminished, and their condition is much better than it was a few years ago. The Indians are more self-reliant, and every- thing is going ou in a satisfactorj' manner. SAVANNE AGENCY. Agency. — The headquarters of this agency is also in the town of Kenora. It is combined with the Kenora agency, and comprises the following bands, viz. : Eagle Lake, Wabigoon, Lac des Mille Lacs, Ignace, Frenchman's Head, Lac Seul, Wabuskang and Grassy Narrows; eight bands in all. EAGLE LAKE BAND. Tribe or Nation. — All the Indians of this agency are Ojibbewas. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the east side of Eagle lake; area, 8,882 acres. There is very little timber on this reserve, but there is a quantity of farm land. i REPORT!< OF IXIJIAS AVEST.^ 97 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Population. — Tlu- population of this banrl is 6:^. Health and Sanitation.— The health of this band has been very good. Sanitary precautions have been well observed, and all the Indians requiring it have been vac- cinated. Occupations. — Working in the tie and lumber camps during the winter, and for the railway and mills in summer, fishing, hunting, berry and wild rice picking are their chief occupations, and some of them have nice gardens. Buildings. — Their buildings are of logs, small, but kept clean, tidy and comfort- f.ble, and well ventilated. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with all the implements they require, and they are well looked after. Education. — The school on this reserve was closed on March 31, 1908, owing to lack of attendance, and still remains closed. Some of the children are at the board- ing schools at Kenora and Shoal Lake. Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of this band are industrious and are becoming better off and more independent each year. Generally speaking, they are law-abiding. Temperance and ilorality. — These Indians cannot be counted temperate, as they •will make use of intoxicants when it is possible for them to get them in any way. Their morals are fair, but cou'd be better. WABIGOON BAND. Reserve. — This reserve i.s situated on the Little Wabigoou lake; area, 12,872 acres, on which there is a quantity of good timber, agricultural and hay lands. Population. — This band has a population of 99. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been exceptionally good dur- ing the year. Sanitary measures have been well observed and all Indians requir- ing it have been vaccinated. Occupations, — They hunt, fish, pick berries, and a number of the men work in the lumber camps. These are their chief occupations. A few have gardens. Buildings. — The buildings are of logs, small in size, well ventilated, and kept clean and neat and well furnished. Farm Implements. — As these Indians do but very little farming, they have a good supply of implements which are well cared for. Education. — There is no school on this reserve, owing to the fact that all the Indians of the band are pagans and take no interest in education. Characteristics and Progress. — The progress made by these Indians is very slow. They are, however, rather industrious, civil and law-abiding. Temijeranee and Morality. — The majority of the band may be considered tem- perate, yet there is a portion of them that will not refuse to make use of liquor if it is given to them. Their morals are fairly good. L.\C DES MILLE LACS BAND. Reserves. — This band holds two reserves, viz. : No. 22A 1, on Lac des Mille Lacs, and No. 22 A 2, on Seine river; the combined area is 12,227 acres. On these there is a quantity of merchantable timber, with some farm-land and hay meadows. Population. — This band has a population of 85. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been good during the year. Sanitary precautions have been well observed, and all Indians requiring it have been attended to by the doctor and vaccinated. Occupations.— Working for the railroads aiid lumber camps, hunting, fishing and berry and wild rice pi<-king are their usual occupations. 98 DEPARTME^'T OF INDIAl^ AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Buildings. — The buildings are of logs, well ventilated, clean and neat. Farm Implements. — These Indians do no farming, with the exception of the cultivation of a few gardens and patches of potatoes, and they are well supplied with all the implements they require. Education.— The Indians of this band are all pagans, and take no interest in education, consequently there is no school on this reserve. Characteristics and Progress.— The members of this band are making very slow progress. Still they are industrious and are becoming better off than they were a few years ago. They are vei-y civil and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — Generally speaking, they are temperate, and their morals are good. LAC SEUL BAND. Eeserve. — This reserve is situated on the southeast shore of Lac Seul ; area, 49,000 acres and is occupied by the Lac Seul, Frenchman's Head and Ignace bands on dif- ferent parts of the reserve. There is a large quantity of good timber on the reserve. as well as some good hay-lands, but very little agricultural land. Population. — The combined population of the band is 647. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the band has been very good dur- ino- the past year. Sanitary measures have been well observed, all refuse having been gathered up and burnt, and all premises are kept neat and clean. All Indians requir- ing vaccination have been attended to by the doctor. Occupations. — Working for the Hudson's Bay Company as canoemen and guides, hunting, fishing and gathering wild rice are their chief occupations, and some of them have very nice gardens and patches of potatoes, from which they derive great benefit. Buildings. — The buildings are composed of logs, of fair size, well ventilated, kept clean and neat, and well supplied with good furniture. Stock. — These Indians take good care of their cattle, and these came through the winter in good condition. Farm Implements. — These Indians have a fair amount of all kinds of imple- ments, and take good care of them. Education. — There are no day schools on this reserve, as the Indians are so scattered about that we could not get an attendance, but some of the children are at lie boarding and industrial schools. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of these bands are somewhat progres- sive, and are becoming better ofi each year. They are civil and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — There are a few of the Indians that will make use of intoxicants if they can get them, but, on the whole, they are temperate, and their morals are as good as could be expected. WABUSKANG BAND. Keserve. — This resen'e is situated on the Wabuskang lake; area, 8,042 acres. On it there is a quantity of good timber and some hay swamps. Population. — This band has a population of 53. Health and Sa"nitation. — The health of the band has been good during the past year. There have not been any epidemics among them and sanitary precautions have been well carried out, and all the Indians are vaccinated. Occupations. — Working for the railway contractors, hunting, fishing and gatherings wild rice are tlieir principal occupations. B\iildings. — Their houses are built of logs, of fair size, and kept neat and clean, and generally well ventilated. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with all kinds of implements, of which they take good care. i RFl'ORT.^ OF n'DIAy AGEyTS 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Education. — All the members of this band are pagans, and take no interest in education; hence there is no school on the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — The progress of this band is very slow, as the Indians are constantly moving about from one place to another, and are seldom to be found on their reserve except at treaty payments. They are quiet and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — A portion of the band is very much addicted to the use of intoxicants, while the majority of them are temperate. Otherwise they are moral. GRASSY NARROWS BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the English river; area, 10,244 acres. On this reserve there is cnnsidernble good timber and some fine hay-lands. Population. — This band has a population of 135. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been fairly good. They have had influenza and grippe, but so far I have not heard of anything serious. Sanitary precautions have been well observed, all refuse having been raked up and burnt, and all the Indians have been examined by the doctor and vaccinated. Occupations. — The chief occupations are working for lumber camps and on tho railway construction, hunting, fishing, and some of them have fine patches of potatoes and good gardens. Buildings.- — The houses are of logs, small, but comfortable and cTean. Farm Implements. — They do no farming other than the cultivating of a few gar- dens and patches of potatoes, and for this purpose they are well supplied with im- plements. Education. — These Indians take no interest in the education of their children. Hence, there is no school on this reserve, but some of the children are at the Kenora boarding school, and are doing well. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are fairly industrious and are becoming better off each year. They are law-abiding and civil. Temperance and Morality. — The majority of the band may be coiinted temperate, and the rest of them are very much addicted to the use of liquor when they can get it. Otherwise they may be counted moral. I have, &c., R. S. McKENZIE, Indian Agcnl, Manitoba Superintendenct, Norway House Agency, Norway House, Keewatin, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sm, — I have the honour to submit my third annual report for the Norway House agency for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. There are thirteen reserves in this agency. One, Loon Straits, is not occupied. Nearly all the others are situated on the .shores of Lake Winnipeg. With the exception of Fisher River, all the reserves might be described as rock, muskeg, and small areas of fertile soil, covered with moss, scrub and timber. On these fertile areas, which are on the banks of rivers, or the shores of lakes, the re- 27— i— 7i 100 DEPARTMENT OF lM>l.iS AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 serves are situated. As there is practically no ranching or farming lands, agriculture is out of the question. Hunting, trapping and fishing are, and must be. the genernl occupations of these Indians. A very considerable income is and can be derived from lumbering, freighting, tripping and acting as boat-hands, but their chief reliance must Ix^ placed on their hunting, fishing and trapping. BtACK RIVER BAND. Tribe.— This band belongs to the Saulteaux tribe. R^^serve.— This reserve is situated on the east shore of Lake Winnii)pg, at thf» mouth of Little Black river. The area is 2.OC0 acres. Population. — The band numbers 64. Health and Sanitation. — Dr. Grant investigated a report of an epidemic at this ^"lace; fortunately the report was untrue. No serious cases of sickness have been reported since. Occupations. — Hunting, trapping, fishing and lumbering are the chief occupations, ■while berry-picking and acting as deck-hands and mill-hands are supplementary em- ployments. Buildings. — Log houses with shingle roofs are the rule on this reserve. They aro neat and should be comfortable and healthy if properly ventilated. Stock. — A few cattle only are owned by this band. Farm Implements. — Garden tools only arc used on this reserve. Education. — There is one day school on this reserve. Lack of interest on the ■parents' part and irregular attendance of pupils make good progress impossible. Charaoteri^tic,s and Progress. — Take no thought of the morrow seems to be the motto of the Indians of this agency. With fi.sh and fur plentiful, they fare well; when these are scare, then the Indian becomes industrious. No provision, however, 56 made for the future. Temperance and Morality. — I have heard of no complaints of iuteinperance or immorality from this band. HOI.LOWWATKH IIANU. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Saulteau.x tribe. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the east side of Lake Winnipeg, at the mouth of Hole river, about 30 miles north of Black river. It contains 3,316 acres. Population. — This band numbers 92 persons. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band is fairly good, no epidemic* l>eing reported. Occupations. — This band is engaged in hunting, trapping, fishing and lumbering. There is a company developing a gold claim, part of which is on this reserve, which should greatly assist this band. Buildings. — The buildings are the usual log structure. Stock, — There are a few cattle kept on this reserve. Implements. — Only garden tools are used. Education. — One day school is kept open on the reserve. For the same reasons US at Black River it is not very successful. Characteristics and Progress. — A little better than the average can be said of the Indians of this band. The.v are industrious and law-abiding. Temperance and ilorality. — This band is temperate, and in morality is equal to the average in this agency. BLOODVEIN BAND. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Saulteaux tribe. Reserve. — The reserve is at the mouth of the Bloodvein river, about 40 miles north of Hollowwater, on the east side of Lake Winnipeg. The area is 3,369 acres. i REPORTS OF 1M)IAX AGENTS 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The physical features are the same as those of the two other reserves. Population. — This baud numbers 54. Health and Sanitation. — No serious cases of sickness have been reported from this plaice. Occupations. — Hunting', fishing and trapping are the chief employments. Buildings. — The buildings are the usual log houses, but they are not as good as the average. Stock. — No stock is owned by this band. Education. — The school here is closed. The attendance does not warrant keeping it open. Characteristics and Progress. — Fishing and Imnting give these people a living, but, as usual, no provision is made for the future. Temperance and Morality. — This band is temperate, but the morality is not of high standard. FISHER RIVER BAXn. Tribe. — Tliese Indians belong to the Swampy Cree tribe. Reserve. — This reserve is situated at the mouth of Fisher river, at the foot of Fisher bay, on the west side of Lake Winnipeg, and contains 9,000 acres. This is the only reserve in this agency where agricultural pursuits could be fol- lowed, even to a limited degree, and this advantage is made use of by the band. Part of the re-erve is densely covered by timber. This will be of great advantage to them in some future time. Population. — This land numbers 428. Health and Sanitation. — Owing to the better sanitary precautions the health of this band is better than the average. Occupations. — Hunting and trapping, fishing, stock-raising snd lumbering ai"e the usual occupations. Buildings. — Better than the av£'rage is the class of iniildings, though they are made of logs. Several rooms in a house and only one family make.s the homes more comfortable and healthy. Stock. — There is considerable stock on this reserve, an.d the band takes very good care of it. Farm Implements. — With the exceptii n of haynud^iug implements and garden tools, there are few farm implements. Education. — There is a day school on this reserve. The attendance is more regu- lar than usual, and the results, therefore, are more satisfactor.v. Characteristics and Progress. — This band is more ambitious, more prudent, and in better circumstances than the average. Temperance and Morality. — The moral standard of this band is very liigh. If attained to, a splendid example will be set for other bands. .TAtKllEAI) BAND. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Saulteaux tribe. Reserve. — The reserve is situated on the west side of Lake Winnipeg, at the mouth of Jackhead river, about 40 miles nortli of Fisher river, and contains 2,860 acres. Population. — This band numbers 73. Health and Sanitation. — No serious cases of sickness were reported from this reserve. ■ Occupations. — These Indians live by hunting, fishing and trapping. Buildings. — The buildings are the usual log structure. In the summer these Indians live mostly in tents. 102 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Stock. — Only a few cattle are kept on this reserve. Farm Implements. — Garden tools, with a few haying implements, are all that are used. Education. — There is a day school on this reserve, but interest is lacking and the progress not satisfactory. Characteristics and Progress. — The necessities of life compel these people to be industrious, but prudence and forethought are lacking. Temperance and Morality. — This band is temperate, but morally it is not as good as it might be. BERENS RIVER BAND. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Saulteaux tribe. Eeserve.-^The reserve is situated at the mouth of Berens river, on the east side of Lake Winnipeg, and contains 7,400 acres. Population. — This band numbers 283. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been fairly good during the year. Mrs. Oke, wife of the rei?ident mij^sionary, is undoubtedly to be given much of the credit for this state of affairs. Occupations. — Fishing and freighting in the summer, and hunting and trapping in the winter are the chief occupations. This reserve is too far north for commercial fishing in the winter, and too far south for commercial fishing in the summer. Buildings. — The buildings are the usual log structure, fully as good as the aver- age. Stock. — Very few animals are kept here. Education. — There is one day school on this reserve. It is well attended. The parents are interested in the school, and they have a good teacher. The result is very satisfactory. Characteristics and Progress. — Not much progress is made by the members of this band. They are industrious and law-abiding, but the locality is not good for hunting or labour. Temperance and Morality. — The band is temperate, and averages fairly well with other bands in this agency. LITTLE CiRAND RAPIDS BAND. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Saulteaux tribe. Reserve. — This reserve is about 120 miles up the Berens river. The area is 4,920 acres, chiefly rock and muskeg. Population. — This band numbers 150. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band is good. Only one death oc- curred this year. Occupations. — These people are hunters, trappers and fishermen. Buildings. — They live in tents the year round. Stock. — They have no stock. Farm Implements. — Only garden tools are used. Education. — A day school is kept open in the summer, but little progress is made. Characteristics and Progress. — Good hunting and trapping gives this band plenty in winter. In summer they hunt and fish suificiently for their daily needs. Temperance and Morality. — There is no way for these people to get liquor. Being pagans, their moral standard is not high. PEKANGEKUM BAND. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Saulteaux tribe. Reserve. — This reserve is situated about 140 miles farther up the Berens river than Little Grand Ilapids. The physical features are the same. The area is 2,080 ..acres. i REPORTii OF INDIAN AGENTS 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Population. — This band numbers 138. Education. — Tliere is no school on this reserve. The same conditions exist as at Little Grand Rapids in all other respects. POPL.\R RB'ER BAND. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Saultcaux tribe. Keserve. — This reserve is situated at the mouth of Poplar river, on the east shore of Lake Winnipeg, about 65 miles north of Berens river. The area is 3,800 acres, rock, muskeg and timber. Population. — The population is 149. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been fairly good. No epidemics have been reported by the dispenser. The sanitary condition of the houses might be improved. Occupations. — Hunting, fishing and trapping are the general employments, but at least $5,000 can be made by this band in cutting wood, putting up ice and fishing for the fish companies. Buildings. — These are of logs, smaller than usual and might be kept cleaner. Stock. — There is no stock on this reserve. Parm Implements. — Only garden tools are used. Education. — One school is taught on this reserve, but there is little interest taken and progress is slow. Characteristics and Progress. — There is no progress to be noticed. As long as these people have anything to eat they will not work, and no provision is made for the future. Temperance and Morality. — The reputation of this band is not high; possibly this is caused by too close contact with the fishermen on the lake. GR.VND RAPIDS BAND. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Saulteaux tribe. Reserve. — The reserve is situated on the west side of Lake Winnipeg at the mouth of the Saskatchewan river. The physical features are the same as those of the other reserves. The area is 4,646 acres. Population. — This band numbers 123. Health and Sanitation. — Xo cases of serious sickness have been reported from this reserve. Occupations. — Before the railroads traversed the west this was a very important place, most of the freight for the west went through it, but now all has changed and these Indians have to rely on their hunting, fishing and trapping. Education.- — There is one day school on this reserve, and the progress is fair. Characteristics and Progress. — This band is industrious, but not prudent. There "is no progress to be noticed, but no retrogression. Buildings. — Log buildings a little better than the average are the rule. Stock. — A few head of cattle are kept here. Farm Implements. — Only garden tools are used. Temperance and Morality. — Xo reports of intemperance or immorality have reached me from this reserve. NORWAY HOUSE BAND. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Swampy Crce tribe. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on Little Playgreen lake, 25 miles down the Nelson river. The area is 10,340 acres. The physical features are the same as on the other reserves. 104 nEPARTMEXT OF ISDIAS AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Population. — This band number.s 53(3 person.s with 227 adherents. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been fair. There was one case of diphtheria and a very large number of minor eases of all kinds. Tub(^rculosis is unquestionably the greatest scourge. The presence of Dr. Grant has, in my opinion, accounted for a decided improvement in health conditions. Being at hand, it was possible to attend to patients at once. A trained nurse at the boarding school has also been of much benefit. Occupations. — Hunting, fishing and trapping are the chief employments. This winter the Hudson Bay railway survey has given a great deal of work and has been of great assistance. Buildings. — Neat log buildings with shingle roofs are the rule. Stock. — Only a few cattle are kept here. Farm Implements. — Garden tools only are used. Education. — There are on this reserve a boarding school, a day school, Methodist, a day school, Anglican, and a school kept by the Roman Catholic missionaries. In the day schools progress is slow on account of irregular attendance, but the boarding school is more successful. Characteristics and Progress. — Most of this band are industrious and in fair circumstances. Some are lazy and improvident, but, on the whole, they are above most bands in this agency in these matters. They rate high in temperance and morality. CROSS LAKE BAND. Tribe. — These Indians belong to the Swampy Cree tribe. Reserve. — This reserve is situated about .90 miles down the Nelson river. The area is 7,700 acres. The physical features are the same as those of the other reserves. Population. — This band numbers 392 persons, with 73 adherents. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has not been as good as usual. An outbreak of whooping-cough in January, with poor sanitary conditions, has been responsible for several deaths. Occupations. — Hunting, fishing and trapping are the chief employments. Freight- ing is also the means of considerable income. The survey has assisted this band also. Buildings. — These are the usual log structvire. Stock. — There is no stock here now owing to lack of care. Farm Implements. — Garden tools only are in use. Education. — There are two day schools; one Methodist, the other Roman Catholic. Considerable interest is taken, but there is not a sufiiciently regular attendance to ensure the best results. Characteristics and Progress. — Very little change can be noticed in this band. If hungry they will work ; if not, they will not. Temperance and Morality. — No reports of intemperance have reached me from here. Morally the standard of these Indians is not high. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have, (to., C. C. CALVERLEY, Indian Agent. i REPORTS OF ISDJAy AGEM'S lOH SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Manitoba Slperixtendency, Portage la Prairie and Manitowapah Ai^encies, Portage la Prairie, April 10, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Siipt. Geiienil of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have ihe honour to submit my annual report of the Portage la Prairie and JIanitowapah agencies for the year ended ^laivh -'j], 1C09. PORTACE LA PRAIRIE AGENCY. Reserves. — This agency comprises live reserves. Roseau River re^^erve, situated at the confluence of Red and Roseau rivers, has an area of about 5,670 acres. The reserve is well adapted for both grain-growing and stock-raising, the soil being rich, and plenty of hay being available. The grain crop last year raised on Roseau River and Rapids reserves, was as follows: 7,456 bushels cf wheat and 5,949 bushels of oats, considerably more than in any former year, and I look for a further increase the coming year. There is enough fuel and timber for small buildings along the streams. Roseau River Rapids reserve is situated on the Roseau river, about 18 miles from its mouth. Its area is about 2,800 acres. It is in the Green Ridge settlement. It has the advantage of having a higher elevation than the reserve at the mouth of the river and being in the midst of a splendidly settled district. Long Plain reserve is situated about 15 miles southeast of Portage la Prairie, on the north side of the Assiniboine river, in tow-nship 10, range S, west of the 1st meridian. It has an area of about 10.816 acres. The reserve contains some good farm land, though some of it is light. The grain raised last year was 2,12.3 bushels of whei't, 1,1S6 bushels of oats and 655 bushels of barley. The reserve was well wooded, but is being depleted very fast. Swan Lake reserve is situated on the north side of Swan lake in township 5, range 11, west of the 1st meridian, and contains 7,.394 acres, 4,643 acres having been surrendered since my last report. It is a good grain-producing district, and both ha.v and water are available in plenty. The reserve is also well adapted for stock-raising. Last year the crop raised was 3,296 bushels of wheat, 1,849 bushels of oats and 134 bushels of barley. Indian Gardens reserve is situated near the south bank of the Assiniboine river. It comprises section 11, township 9, range 0, west of the 1st meridian, and contains 640 acres. The land is first-class for arable purposes, but there is no wood and very little hay. The crop raised last year was included in Swan Lake report. Tribe. — The Indians in this rgenc.v are all of the Ojibbewa tribe, with more or less strain of white man's blood. Population. — The population of the different bands is as follows : Roseau, in- cluding the Rapids, 175; Swan Lake, including- Indian Gardens, 113; Long Plain, 124; making a grand total of 412. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been about as usual, no epidemics have prevailed; there have been considerable colds, coughs, grippe and scrofula. The Indians have not yet moved into their tents, but as soon as spring opens up tliey will do so. Their migratory habits secure them the benefit of natural sanitation and prevent an accumulation of dirt and filth. An improvement in the health of the Indians is always apparent in spring, when they mo\e into their tents. 106 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Occupations. — Both grain-growing and stock-raising to a certain extent are carried on on the Roseau River reserve. Tlie farming operations are not being carried on as systematically and successfully as could be desired. Steady vpork necessary to successful iigricultural afFairs appears to be contrary to Indian nature, and their pro- gress has not been as much as the assistance and instructions which they have re- ceived would warrant. At Roseau Rapids the same condition obtains. Grain-growing is principally carried on here, but the attraction of cash wages offered by the surround- ing settlers induces the Indians to put in their crop in a hurried, slovenly manner that is not conducive to successful farming. It is also to be regretted that stock- raising is not carried on here more extensively. The pasture-laud is excellent, and there is plenty of hay. Failure to give careful attention to the stock is responsible for the slow progress manifested. At Swan Lake both grain-growing and stock-raising are carried on, and, if the Indians would only stay at home and stick to it, I have reason to believe they would soon be independent. On the Indian Gardens reserve grain-farming only is carried on, as there is only sufficient hay to support their ponies. At Long Plain reserve grain-farming is carried on, but only on a small scale, as it is almost impossible, with one or two exceptions, to keep these Indians on their reserve to look after their crops properly. The steady demand for farm labour at good wages nuikes these Indians perfectly independent during the summer season; consequently they take but little interest in putting in their own crop, with the possi- ble chance always of not getting any return. I feel certain that the present genera- tion will do better and be more contented in working for white settlers than they will in working or waiting for each other to work on the reserves. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — The walls of all houses and stables are of logs. The old pole and mud roof still predominates, with a hunber floor, but the shingle roofs are increasing. Nearly all the Indians live in tents in the siunmer, and it is quite apparent that it is greatly to their benefit. The cattle, which are increasing very slowly, are not cared for properly; but the adult Indians do not take naturally to stock-raising, and it is to the younger genera- tion that we must look for any great success that may be achieved in this line. They are well supplied with implements to carry on their work, and some of them show a growing disposition to buy these articles for themselves. Education. — There are two schools in this agency — one at Roseau Rapids and one at Swan Lake — but it seems very difficult to get the children to attend regularly, aiid the iirogress is very slow. There is also a boarding school at Portage la Prairie, which receives a grant for 30 pupils and is always full. Characteristics and Progress. — Progress on the reserves is apparently very slow. To uplift an Indian his whole character has to be reformed, and how this is going to be acconijjlished on an Indian reserve with its usual surroundings I fail to see; but if an Indian with his family goes off the reserve to work for a good class of farmers for a year or two, his development in character is quite apparent to any one, and, if this is carried on, it will in time produce the survival of the fittest, and the next generation will develop on the character of their parents. Temperance and Morality. — Intemperance and immorality run hand and hand. Fines and imprisonment of the Indians seem to have no effect, and there are always low characters around them who are only too willing and anxious to procure liquor for them, and it is impossible to obtain information from the Indians as to their source of supply. If they were allowed to purchase liquor under the law, I doubt whether after six months they would drink as nnich liquor or scpumder as much over it as they do now. I'OKTAGE LA PIIAIRIK SIOUX. These Indians own and live on a tract of land, about 2ti aiTcs, purchased by them- selves, within the town limits. They also have lot No. 14 of the parish of Portage la i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 107 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Prairie, given to them by the Dominion government in the year 1898, but up to date have refused to make any use of it. They are physically big, strong, healthy Indians, that is, the adults; many of the children show more or less signs of tubercular trouble. These Indians earn a good living by working for the farmers in the neighbourhood. They get liquor occasionally, and proceed in their own way to settle family difficulties, which usually causes some trouble. There is a Sioux boarding school in the town with accommodation for 40 pupils, and the government allows a per capita grant for 30. There are usually from 30 to 35 pupils in the school, and more could be obtained did the per capita grant allow. Mr. W. A. Hendry is principal of the school, and his sister. Miss Hendry, is assistant matron. The principal, his wife and Miss Hendry are all interested in the spiritual welfare of the band, under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church, and hold a weekly service in the village church as well as many other meetings. Mr. Hendry is a most efficient officer, and I cannot commend too highly the work that he is accomplishing, with the co-operation of his wife and sister. majStitowapah agency. There are ten reserves in this agency, of which Sandy Bay is in Treaty No. and Shoal River in No. 4; the rest are in No. 2. RESERVES. Sandy Bay is situated on the southwest shore of Lake Manitoba, in township 18, range 9, west of the 1st meridian. It has an area of 12,160 acres, the greater part of which is covered with scrub and bush. It is not suitable for grain-farming, although there is sufficient good land for gardens and a good supply of hay. Lake Manitoba reserve is situated on the northeast shore of Lake Manitoba, in township 22, ranges 8 and 9, west of the 1st meridian. It has au area of 9,472 acres. It is much broken by the arms of the lake, is covered by a heavy growth of brush and timber, and is quite unsuited for farming. There is enough good land for gardens, and a good supply of hay. Ebb and Flow Lake reserve is situated on the west shore of Ebb and Elow lake, in townships 23 and 24, ranges 11 and 12, west of the 1st meridian. It has an area of 10,816 acres. It is unsuitable for farming, but has a good supply of hay and plenty of timber. Fairford reserve is situated on the Fairford river, in townships 30 and 31, range 9, west of the 1st meridian. It has an area of 11,712 acres. It is well supplied with good timber and hay, and has plenty of good land for gardens. Little Saskatchewan reserve is situated on the west shore of Lake St. Martin, in township 31, range 8, west of the 1st meridian, and has an area of 3,200 acres. It is well supplied with wood and hay, but is not adapted for farming. Lake St. Martin reserve is situated on the north end of Lake St. Martin, in township 32, ranges 7 and 8, west of the 1st meridian, and has an area of 4,032 acres; is well wooded, and has only a fair supply of hay, but is not adapted for farming. Crane River reserve is situated on the east side of Crane river, in township 29, range 13, west of the 1st meridian, and has an area of 7,936 acres. There is a quantity of good spruce timber and sufficient good land for gardens. Waterhen River reserve is situated on the south end of Waterhen lake, in town- ship 34. range 13, west of the 1st meridian, and has an area of 4,608 acres. It has a good supply of timber and hay, but is unsuitable for farming. Pine Creek reserve is situated on the west shore of Lake Winnipegosis, in town- 108 DEPAJfTMEyr /ARD VII., A. 1910 ship 36, ranges 19 and 20, west of the 1st meridian. Its area is about 12,000 acres. It is not adapted for farming, but is well supjilied with hay and timber. Shoal River reserve is composed of one small reserve on Swan lake and four email reserves near the mouth of the river; all together they have an aggregate area of about 5,500 acres. They are all well wooded with poplar and some spruce, have sufficient hay-land, but are not adapted for farming. Tribe. — Nearly all the Indians in this agency are Saulteaux, but the members of the Shoal River band are principally Crees. There are a number of French, English and Scotch half-breeiris()Fi\!iii\ u.f.v/'.v 109 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 future, they may be compelled to try their luiirl at some other kind of work for a livelihood. Temperance and Morality. — I am glad to sa.v that I have not heard of any liquor being on the reserves. There i.s considerable immorality on the reserves and the in- difference of the parents makes it dithcult to deal with these cases or to lessen the evil. General Remarks. — The Indians were iu fairly good health and were well clothed and apparently fairly comfortable and contented. The condition of their hou.ses, fctables, gardens and cattle wa.s also fairly satisfactory. . I wish to acknowledge with thanks the courteous and generous assistance rendered me by the day school teachers on all the reserves. I have &'\. R. LOGAX. Indian Agent. Promxce of M.^mtoba. SlOl X AOEXCY. Griswold, April 1. I!t09. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs. Ottawa. Sib, — I have the honour to submit my anual report of this agency for the fiscal year ended March 31. 1900. This agenc.v is situated about 7 miles northwest of Griswold, a small village on the Canadian Pacific railway main line, 15S miles west of Winnipeg. It comprises within its jurisdiction three reserves, (1) the Oak River reserve, Xo. 58; (2) the Oak I-ai^e reserve, Xo. 59; (3) the Turtle Mountain Sioux reserve, Xo. 60. Tribe or Xation. — All the members of the.=e bands are Sioux, who either migrated from acrofs the line south thirty or forty years ago, or are descendants of the same. OAK RIVER BAND. NO. 58. Reserve. -T-Commencing at the point of section where the Assiniboine river crosses the surveyed road running north and south between sections Xos. 3-i and 35, township 9, range 23, west of the principal meridian, and going north 6i miles to the north- west corner post of section Xo. 34, of township Xo. 10, we have the western boundar.y of this reserve; thence from said corner post going easterly 3 miles to the northeast corner post of section Xo. 36 of the same towiLship, we have the northern boundary ; thence going south 3 miles to the intersection of the public road by the Assiniboine river, where a bridge crosses over, we have the eastern boundary. The western, north- ern and eastern boundaries are Dominion land surveyed roads ; while on the s nith is the natural boundary of the Assiniboine river. Within the^e boundaries are 9,734 acres of a varied topography. Xear the river along the southern boundary are very valuable ha.v-lands, probably 3J miles by i mile in width, covering about 9erance and Moralit.v. — There is considerable intemperance in this agency; consequently, there is immorality. But I do not blame the Indians as much as I do the white men for supplying the liquor to them. There are many white men who will supply the Indians with liquor and think they are doing them a great favour, because the law forbids that they shall have it. and I quite expect it will continue so long as liquor is manufactured, notwithstanding that all the department's officials are only too willing to get a conviction whenever it is possible. BIRTLE AGENCY. This agency consists of the following reserves: Birdtail (Sioux), Waywaysee- cappo's, Keeseekoowenin, Rolling River, Gambler's, and a small fishing reserve at Clearwater lake. The Birdtail reserve is situated at the junction of the Birdtail creek and the Assiniboine river. Its area is about 6,400 acres. The land is a light loam, somewhat sandy in places, but has proved good for grain-growing, and there are about 600 acres of scrubby wood. Keeseekoowenin reserve is located on the Little Saskatchewan river and on the south base of the Riding mountains, and has an area of about 6,660 acres. This includes the fishing reserve at Clearwater lake. The soil is a black loam and very rich, although there is quite a lot of the land too rough and stony for cultivation. Waywayseecappos reserve is situated about 15 miles northeast cf Birtle, and is 5 miles west of Rossburn. The Birdtail creek runs through the northeast corner of the reserve. It has an area of about 24,960 acres. There is a plentiful supply of timber, fuel and hay; also many large open stretches waiting for the plough. Rolling River is situated about 8 miles north of Basswood, a station on the Canadian Pacific railway (Minnedosa and Yorkton section). It has an area of about 12,800 acres. The soil is black loam and very rich, but much of the land is hilly and rough, and broken up with deep ravines, sloughs and lakes. There is a great deal of poplar and willow brush and plenty of good timber. The Gambler's reserve is situated on the Assiniboine river, about 5 miles southwest from Binsearth. It has an area of 774 acres, and has a black sandy loam soil with poplar bluffs and some scrub oak, and is nearly all good farm-land. Population. — The population of the different bands is as follows: Birdtail Sioux, 74; Keeseekoowenin, 121; Waywayseecappo's, 179; Gambler's, 12; Rolling River, 90; making a grand total of 476. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians, on the whole, has been good, although there is just at present an epidemic of measles, from which several children have alread.y died, on one of the reserves. The tent hospital has attended to 152 cases of various diseases during the year, and has done a good stroke of work; but I do not think it should be maintained permanently, as the Indians will soon neglect to take advantage of it. Most of these Indians move into tents in the spring, and their Louses are thoroughly cleaned before they go into them again in the fall. Occupations. — Farming is carried on on all these reserves to a greater or les.ser extent, also cattle-raising, and many of the Indians have good gardens. But there are many ways of earning a living. They can get all the work they want at good 120 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 wages. They also sell Iiulian beads and leatherwork, senega-root and wild fruits. They fish, hvnit and sell dogwood. The greatest cause of poverty is the anxious desire to avoid manual labour and the squandering of their earnings. Buildings. — The buildings are nearly all log, although quite a number have lumber roofs and floors, and more are getting them all the time. There are some log houses in this agency that are as good as many settlers have, and they are improv- ing every year. There are a few frame houses, but the Indians do not usually build them warm enough, and another drawback is they cost so much. The stables are all of log with poles and hay on top; and if they are built high enough in the walls, they give great satisfaction, considering the circumstances. Stock. — The Indians will give much better care to horses than cattle, but they have little feeling for either of them, and will ride or drive a horse nearly to death that they appear to think a great deal of. That is their greatest trouble in handling heavy teams, as they do not seem to realize the necessity of grain-feeding heavy horses and not driving them fast, or not leaving them standing outdoors on a cold night. However, they are much better than they were, and are improving. Farm Implements. — These bands are all well supplied with farm implements,, and they know perfectly well how to handle them. Since they have been made to buy their own, they take much better care of them and put them under cover in the winter. Education. — There is a boarding school at Birtle, with an attendance of 48, that is doing good work, and a day school on the Keeseekoowenin's reserve that has a very i'Tegular attendance. Characteristics and Progress. — The year has been a progressive one ; on all the reserves more land has been broken, more .summer fallowing and fall ploughing done, and increased acreage in crop and a desire to acquire better horses. It appears to me that many of the Indians have come to the conclusion that it is no use waiting any longer for help from the government or elsewhere, and that they might as well start in now as later ou to make their own living in the ways of the white man. I am inclined to think that, had they received less help from the government in early days, they would have been farther ahead to-day. It would have the same effect on the poorer class of white people under similar conditions. Temperance and Morality. — The majority of the Indians are not addicted to the use of intoxicants, but there are always a few in each band that are continually striv- ing for it, with the result that the whole band get the name of being drunkards and immoral. The two faults usually run together among Indians, but now that they are spreading out more on the reserves and each family on their own farm, their habits are changing, and so many of them have a son or daughter who has graduated from one of the boarding or industrial schools, the elevating effect upon their mode of living and housekeeping is plain to see. O.'iK RHER SUB-AGENCY. There are about 270 Sioux Indians on the Oak River and Oak Lake reserves in charge of acting Indian Agent J. Hollies, and under his guidance they are doing remarkably well. They have about 3,000 acres under crop, and last season had 34,717 bushels of wheat, 14,932 bushels of oats, and put up 1,319 tons of hay. They also broke 155 acres, summerf allowed 655 acres and fall ploughed 263 acres. This goes to show that their time was well occupied. They are all full-blooded Indians, independ- ent, and full of pride, but they are splendid workers, and if it were not for their old debts contracted with the implement agents, traders and farmers in the vicinity, they would be in the best circumstances of any Indians I know. Mr. Hollies has them well in hand, and I expect in the next few years to see wonderful development there. I have, &c., S. SWINFORD, Inspector of Indian Agencies. i REPORT.^ OF IXDIAX AGEy'T.^ 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Manitoba Si'perdctekdency, Rainy Rher District — Kenora^ Savanne and Osn.vblrg Agencies, Kenora, Out., March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., » Deputy Siipt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to report that during the year I have visited all the re- serves and have attended all Indiajis who required treatment. In December there was an outbreak of diphtheria among them on the Lake of tne Woods, near Whitefish bay. In all about 50 had the disease. There were 5 deaths before they sent for me, and as soon as I got there I quarantined them, 8 miles from any other place. I used anti-toxin on them, and the rest got all right. The Indians were working in a lumber camp, where they got it from some Galicians who brought it to the camp, and the Indians took it home to their families. On all the other reserves the health of the Indians has been good. I visited the boarding school at Shoal Lake and attended a few for influenza. T remained a day with them, and when I left they were all well. There has been very little sickness among the children at the Kenora boarding school. There have been three deaths from consumption, one at White Dog, one at Grassy Narrows, and one on the Lake of the Woods. On my visit to Osnaburg I made a thorough examination of all the Indians, young and old, and found quite a number of them infected with tuberculosis. I put them under treatment, and have been informed that they have made great improve- ment. Gastric trouble seems to be the most prevalent disease among them at this place. During the year I have performed several operations and have just amputated an Indian's foot, who had it frost-bitten. I have also pulled a number of teeth for them. I have vaccinated all that required to have it done, and have kept all the reserves supplied with medicine to be used when required. I have, &c., THOS. IIAXSOX, M.D., Medical Officer. Ottawa, December 21, 1908. Frakk Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to report as follows regarding the surveys made by me during the past season. ] left Ottawa on April 21, proceeding to Selkirk to make the different surveys required in connection with the surrender of the St. Peter's reserve. It was first necessary to make a complete re-survey of that portion of this reserve vhich had already been surveyed into river lots, or into sections and quarter-sections. 122 DEPAIiTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 and a new survey of that portion not already subdivided. As the allotments to which each head of a family or individual Indian was entitled were made, these different areas had to be laid out. As many of the Indians would take a portion of their allotment in different parts of the reserve, this work caused a second survey or at least re-chaining and re-posting of a large portion of the reserve. As the work pro- gressed, plans were supplied the Indian representative so that he and the chief and council could make these different allotments where desired and prevent any clash- ing. As the allotments were made and surveyed, they were placed upon th&se plans, as well as plans for use in' the field. General descriptions of each individual allotment were drawn up and signed by the Indian to whom the allotment was made by the Indian representative and myself. After the allotments were completed, descriptions for insertipn in the different patents, signed by myself, as well as the final plans, were made and forwarded to Ottawa. The different claims allowed by C!hief Justice KowcU in his decisions were also surveyed, descriptions made and tovwai'ded here. The points and islands belonging to the reserve in the Red river, which had not been heretofore surveyed, were surveyed and subdivided. Some of the river lots, owing to the manner in which they were allotted, required special plans, so that 21 final plans vpere necessary. Of these, two copies of si.x of the largest had to be made two and three times for use in the field and for the purpose of making the different allotments. Four hundred and seventeen descriptions, signed by the Indian to whom allotted, by the Indian representative and myself, 417 descriptions for insertion in patents issued by the Department of Indian Affairs, and 23 for patents to be issued under the deci- sion of Chief Justice Howell, as well as a number of valuations, when an Indian was not able to take up all his improvements under his allotment, were made and for- warded to the department. After completing this work at St. Peter's reserve, I proceeded to Fisher river to locate and survey the new reserve of 75,000 acres given to this band. In doing this work I was accompanied by the chief and council in making the selection of the land to be included. I laid out over 150 river lots fronting on the Fisher river, and posted the outlines with iron posts. Each of these river lots is ten chains wide, with the different section roads passing through them or at the rear. I have also laid out a hay-ground, which had been promised for several years to the Fisher River band on reserve No. 44. As the outlines of the latter reserve had been obliterated, and as the surrounding townships are being subdivided, I re-ran the outlines as well. A drainage survey at the Fort Alexander reserve was also made by my assist- ant, Mr. C. II. Blanchard; the plans and profile, as well as a report on the same, have been completed. I have, &c., J. K. McLEAN. Province of Sask.\tchewan, AssiNiBoiNE Agency, SiNTALUTA, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report, together with a statistical statement and inventory of all government property under my charge, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. i REPORTS OF INDIAN AOENTS 123 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ASSINIBOINK lUNn, NO. TO. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band are Assiniboines, and no doubt at some remote time they must have been closely allied to the great Sioux tribe, as there is a similarity in language and customs. They are also known by the name of Stonies. Reserves. — This reserve is a block of land S by 9 miles in extent, south of the town of Sintaluta, on the Canadian Pacific railway main line, about 9 miles from Sintaluta station. This reserve is composed of rolling land, abor.t half of its area being covered with small poplar, interspersed with willow scrub, the other portion being open prairie. Resources. — The natural resources of this reserve are dry wood, hay, senega-root and small fruits. During the past year these Indians sold a large quantity of wood and hay, with good returns. By this means they were able to provide food and cloth- ing for their families. Occupations. — The majority of the.se Indians are engaged in grain-growing and stock-raising. Some of the young men hire as labourers for settlers. Others are em- ployed tanning hides, while a few are engaged in hunting and trapping during the winter months. On the whole, these Indians are industrious and take a real interest in their different occupations. Characteristics and Progress. — The grain crops on this reserve wore not so good as usual, but were better than last year. A heavy frost came again in August, doing great damage to the crop, making it a partial failure. Last fall the Assiniboine In- dians threshed 6,787 bushels of fairly good grain, and they stored with me 700 busheh of wheat and GOO bushels of oats for seed this spring. Last summer they broke 250 acres of new land and summer fallowed 225 acres, which is now ready for crop. This shows that the poor Indians are not discouraged, although they have had poor return,=i for their work, but are making an extra effort to have a larger crop next year. The Indian women generally plant the gardens. They also do the hoeing and other necessary work during the summer. Stock. — The cattle and. horses on this reserve are in good condition. They are being well eared for by the Indians. The natural increase has been satisfactory. The Indians have benefited from their cattle throughout the year. During the past year they have sold 15 three-year-old steers and 4 cows, 'which brought them an income of $667.79. Health. — The health of these Indians has been fairly good during the past year. A few are suffering from scrofula. I had Dr. Bonju examine these Indians for tuber- culosis. He found two suffering from this disease. There have not been any epidemics of any serious disease during the year. Whooping-cough was prevalent f.mong the children during the winter. They are giving more attention to the keep- ing of their houses neat and clean than formerly; likewise to sanitation. Temperance and ilorality. — Very few of these Indians are given in any way to the use of intoxicating liquor. There have not been any cases of drunkenness brought before me during the past year. I am pleased to report that there has been a high standard of morality throughout the band. The majority of the band live regular and moral lives. Education. — There are a inimber of children from this reserve attending the Qu'Appelle and Regina industrial schools. The pupils at the.se schools are making splendid progress in their educational and indtistrial studies. Most of the pupils returning from the industrial schools begin farming in preference to other occupa- tions. The majority of them that have started farming are making rapid advancement. (leneral Remarks. — There are a number of old men and widows on this reserve who are totally destitute. They are much indebted to the department for the help given them in the way of food and clothing. These old people have great difficulty in getting any food outside what the depaTtment gives them, as game has become very scarce in this part of the country. 124 DEPARTMENT OF IXUIAX AFFAIRfi 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 MOOSEJAW SIOUX. Position. — The Moosejaw Sioux are non-treaty Indians without, a reserve, in- habiting the country from Moosejaw to the boundary. Population. — The population of this band is estimated to be 117 persons. Abode. — -They have not any permanent houses, but live in tents throughout the year. Occupations. — Some of the Sioux Indians make a living by working for the settlers in the neighbourhood of Moosejaw, and aLso the people of the town. Their wives do tanning, scrubbing, washing, along with other odd jobs about the town. Others depend almost entirely upon hunting for a livelihood. Stock. — The Sioux have numerous ponies for sale and for their owji use. During the past year they were able to realize a little more money on the sale of their ponies than the year before. Education. — A number of the Sioux can speak fairly good Engli-sh. This is due to their peculiar position. They do not seem to be inclined to send their children to school. Progress. — These Sioux are good workers and independent, having learned to shift for themselves. A few of the old people had to be helped with rations during the month of March. Health. — The health of these Indians has been very good. Only one death oc- curred amongst them during the year. Drs. Turnbull and McCullagh are in medical attendance on these Indians. I have, i-c. W. S. GEANT, Indian Agent. Province of Sask.^tcmewan^ Battlefobd Agexcy, Battlefoud, April 19, 1909. Fkank Pkdley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the affairs of the Battle- ford agency for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. This agency comprises eight reserves, situated at distances of from 11 to 144 miles from the town of Battleford. The buildings of the agency headquarters are conveniently and centrally located on the south side of the Battle river, about two miles south of the town. RED pheasant BAND. Reserve. — This reserve consists of 24,320 acres, and is located 22 miles south- east from Battleford, in the Eagle hills. Part of this reserve is rolling and broken and partially covered with poplar, birch, cherry and willow, interspersed with ponds and hay marshes; the remainder of the reserve is a rough, open, rolling plain, containing numerous hay swamps. The land is, in very many places, good ; hay and water are abundant, but wood is getting to be very scarce, having been much depleted by prairie fires. i REPOUrS OF INDIAN AGENTS 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The reserve is well aiinpteil for stnck-rait^iiis' and geuoi-al farming. Tribe. — The Indian-; of this band arc all Plain Crees. Population. — The ijopulation of this bniul. at the last annuity payments, was 163 souls. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of tlicse Indians has been good. Premises and surroundings are kept in a clean and healthy state. An epidemic of whooping cough is now raging among the children; but I trust that the approaching spring weather will considerably abate the evil. Occupations. — Farming, stock-raising, working for settlers, selling hay, fire- wood, rails and logs, freighting, and the hunting of small game, make a very com- fortable living for this band. There are some very expert tanners among the women, and they make quite a lot of money by tanning robes for the settlers. These peo- ple realize the importance of their gardens, and they derive a considerable benefit from this source. Buildings. — All the houses and stables have log walls; most of the houses are well built, have shingled roofs, and are warm ami conifortTble. The stables are being improved each year. Stock. — The cattle on this reserve are well looked after; they are a source of revenue and food to the Indians, and are valued accordingly. This reserve is splendidly situated for hay, so that the Indians have no difficulty in securing an abundance of fodder for their stock, and a surplus quantitv for s^le too. Farm Implements. — The Indian.s of this reserve arc well equipped with farm implements and machinery ; most of these have been purchased with their own money, derived from the sale of cattle and beef, and by industry. Education. — There is a very good day school (Anglican) on this reserve; the attendance is very fair, and the progress attained is liighlj; satisfactory. Mrs. E. Jefferson is the teacher, and she is certainly doing good work. In addition to the usual class-room studies, the pupils are taught knitting, sewing and gardening, also how to dress neatly and keep themselves clean. Characteristics and Progress. — For the most part these Indians are very steady, industrious and intelligent: they manage to make a good living, and in fact are making excellent progress ; there are two or three malcontents, who would like to have their reserve moved, and if they had their own way would be moving it all the time; fortunately this class of Indian is rare, and would not exist at all were it not created by the interference of outsiders. Temperance and Morality. — There have been no cases of intemperance among the members of this band during the past year, and their morals arc good. SWKET nnASf, BAXD. Tribe. — These Indians nil belong to the Cree tribe. Reserve. — This reserve has an area of 42,528 acres, and is located on the *outh side of Battle river, 20 miles west of Battleford. The land is well adapted for raising all kinds of grain, and for the grazing of stock; water, hay and timber are plentiful on this reserve. Population. — There arc 78 members of this band at the present time. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians has been fairly good ; premises are kept in a clean and healthy state. Occupations. — The members of this band have no difficulty in makins a good living by farming and stock-raising. They have also a good market for hay. wood and lime, and besides this a few of them work out for farmers, and do some freight- ing. Buildings, — All house.; ami stables on this reserve are built of logs, a few of them have shingled roofs, but; the majority of ihem are covered with sods; they are comfortable and kept in a clean state. 126 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Stock. — They have excellent cattle on this reserve, and take the greatest care of them; having an abundance of hay and water on the reserve makes the stock industry a comparatively easy occupation. Farm Implements. — This reserve is well supplied with all necessary farm imple- ments; and the Indians realize their value .sufficiently well to take good care of them. Education. — There are no schools on this reserve, but ample educational facili- ties are provided for these children in the industrial and boarding schools of the agency. Characteristics and Progres.?. — I consider that these Indians are making fairly good progress, and are becoming rapidly independent of government aid. They are steady and industrious. Temperance and Morality. — No eases of either intemperance, or offences against morality, have occurred during the past year on this reserve. POUNDJIAKER AND LITTLE PINE BANDS. Tribe. — Tlie members of both these bands belong to the Crec tribe. Reserve. — There are two reserves here, which adjoin one another, they are situated on the south side of Battle river, about 40 miles west of Battleford, and about 9 miles south of the Canadian Northern railway, at Paynton. The com- bined area is 35,200 acres, the main part of which is excellent agricultural land; the remainder being well suited for grazing purposes. Wood and water are plentiful. Of hay there is only a limited quantity, and it is difficult to get enough for the large amount of stock owned by these Indians; formerly there was a plentiful supply of hay on the adjoining unsettled lands; but now the settlement is completed right up to the borders of the reservation. Last year there was little or no hay on Little Pine reserve; and the Poundmaker band helped them out by sharing up their hay with them. Population. — The combined population of these two bands at the last payments was 236 souls. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these bands has, on the whole, been very good; there have been the usual cases of colds, and whooping-cough went through the children, but without any fatalities. All rubbish has been gathereil up and burned. Occupations. — Farming and stock-raising are very successfully carried on by the members of these bands; they are also very energetic in other lines of work, such as selling fire-wood to the settlers, supplying rails and pickets for fencing, freighting, working for farmers, hunting for lost stock, and in fact will turn their hands to any kind of labour by which they can make money. ' Buildings. — The buildings are all of log.s ; some of them have shingle roofs, but the greater number of them are covered with poles and thatched. The houses are kept tidy and comfortable; and I am glad to say that mud floors are rapidly being replaced by lumber ones, which are both healthier and cleaner. A slight improve- ment is also noticeable in the class of stables erected. Stock. — The cattle are in excellent condition, and are very well cared for; as only pedigreed bulls have been used, the quality of the stock has been much improved, and is of a high order. These Indians also own some sheep and pigs, from which they derive very gratifying results both financially and as a source of food. The quality of the horses is steadily advancing, which fact is directly due to the »]epartment's policy of providing good sires; this kindness is much appreci.ated by the Indians, as they now see that they will soon have this industry on a commercial paying basis. Farm Implements. — These bands are well provided with all classes of imple- ments and machinery, which are well cared for, and kept in good repair. i KEl'ORTti OF IXDIAN AGEMS 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Education. — There is a day school on each of these reserves; the one on Pouml- maker's^s conducted under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, and the other, at Little Pine's, is under the management of the Church of England. Both schools have a fair attendance and are giving more satisfactory results than was formerly the case, hoth teachers and scholars appearing to take a deep interest in their work and studies. Characteristics and Progress. — These people are industrious workers, and so are becoming rapidly prosperous. They are very intelligent, and make good use of their natural resources in order to make a comfortable living; they are also very contented. Temperance and Morality. — The morals of these Indians are very good, i.e., according to the Indian code of ethics. Only one case of intemperance during the past year occurred among these bands. The punishment was swift and severe. STOXY B-iSDS. Tribe. — These Indians are Stonies, or Assiniboines, who are without doubt originally descended from the same tribe as the Sioux; their legends, customs and language having close resemblance. ' _ Reserve. — There are two reserves at this point, which are jointly occupied by Mosquito, Grizzly Bear Head and Lean Man bands. They are about 14 miles south of Battleford. These reserves contain 31,808 acres ; they are made up of high rolling country, partially wooded with poplar, balm of Gilead and willow. There are .'tretches of open prairie containing a rich black loam, well adapted for cultivation, but also liable to summer frost. On other portions where the surface is undulating, and in the hollows and flats around the larsi^er lakes there are excellent hay grounds, and large tracts are well adapted for grazing and stock-raising. Population. — At the payment of these bands there were 88 Indians present on the reserves. Occupations. — ^Last season these people put in a crop, but, owing to the inclem- ency of the weather, their harvest was very poor. They are indifferent stockmen, but they make a very good living by the sale of hay and fire-wood. Buildings. — The houses and stables on these reserves are the poorest in the agency, and it is a very difficult matter to convince these Indians of the necessity for improving their dwellings. In two instances, however, I am glad to say that there is a marked advance in both the houses and method of living; so that I trust, eventu- ally, our efforts will be crowned with success. Stock. — The cattle here came through the winter in very good condition, as the Indians had an abundance of hay and plenty of water. I think that the reason for the lack of interest in this indus.try is that the Indians imagine that they derive quicker pecuniary results from hay sold than hay fed ; and as they have a large ready market for the sale of hay, they prefer this mode of making a livelihood, as they get ready cash and have less bother feeding the cattle in winter-time. There are, of course, a few exception.? to this rule, and the people who do own stock take good care of them. Farm Implements. — These Indians are well off for wagons, sleighs, mowers, rakes, ploughs, &c. ; they also own a binder, and, in fact, possess a full equipment for their present needs. Education. — The day school undc'r the auspices of tlw Church of England is still in operation on this reserve; the attendance is small, and the progress fair. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are not much addicted to work \\hen it can be possibly avoided, but when necessity calls them to labour they display an amount of energy and perseverance that is truly admirable, and they are certainly living in a more wholesome and comfortable manner than was their former custom. 128 DEl'illTMESr OF INUl.iS AFFAIR.^ i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Temperance and Morality. — The Stonies may trutlifully be called a strictly tem- perate band, and their morals are very good indeed. IIOCSOMIX BAND. Tribe. — The majority of this band are Crees, but there are also a few Saulteaux scattered amongst them, who have from time to time joined the band, or inter- married with some of the members. Eeserve. — Moosomin reserve is 12 miles west of Battleford; it contains 14,720 acres. This land lies between the Battle and Saskatchewan rivers ; the country is rolling and partially wooded with bluffs of poplar, which have been much thinned out in recent years by fires. The soil is a sandy loam, and is well adapted for both agricultural purposes and stock-raising. Water is plentifully distributed all over the reserve. There is also a hay reserve, of 640 acres, at Round hill, 20 miles northeast of Battleford. Population. — There are 137 Indians in this band. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band is good, and everything in the way of hygiene is done to keep them in a healthy state. Occupations. — These Indians are successful farmers and stockmen; they also sell a lot of fire-wood, freight and work for settlers. Buildings. — The buildings on this reserve are all constructed of logs; some few of them have shingled roofs, the others are covered with poles and sodded or thatched. They are all clean and comfortable inside, and a great improvement has taken place in the manner of furniture and conveniences in their houses. Stock. — Cattle and horses wintered well and without loss. Much interest is taken in tho stock industry by these Indians, and I have every hope that by this means they will ultimately become perfectly independent of government aid. Farm Implements. — The Indians are becoming better equipped each year with wagons, mowers, binders, rakes, seeders, sleighs, harness, &e., besides all the necessary small implements required in their farming operations. Education. — There is no day school on this reserve, but the industrial and board- ing schools provide ample accommodation and educational facilities for all the child- ren of this band. Characteristies and Progress. — The Indians of this band are very industrious and progressive. The.v are keenly alive as to ways and means of earning money, and, as a consequence, are becoming quite prosperous. Temperance and Morality. — No cases of intemperance have come to my notice during the past year by any member of this band; and I may say that their morals, while not perfect, are, on the whole, very satisfactory. THLXDERCIIII.D BAMl. Tribe. — This band is composed mostly of Crees. There are, however, a few Saul- teaux interspersed among them, who have joined them by marriage, or on account of having close relatives already in the band. Eeserve. — The Thunderchild reserve adjoins that of iloosomin, and is 18 milfs west of Battleford. It comprises 15,3(30 acres on the south side of the North Sas- katchewan river, and 5,440 acres on the north side of the same river. In addition to this, these Indians have a share of the hay reserve at Round hill. The land is a rolling prairie of black loam, with scatterd bluffs of poplar and willow. The Sa.skatchewan and Battle rivers, also some lakes, provide the water supply, which is very ample. The reserve is very suitable for mixed farming and stock-raising. i REPORTS OF IXDIAX .iGEXTS ' 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Population. — There are 125 members in this band. Health and Sanitation. — There have been the usual number of colds, one or two cases of tuberculosis, a little scrofula and whooping: cough; otherwi.se these Indians have been remarkably healthy. Every effort is made to safeguard their health and surroundings. Occupations. — Farming and stock-raising are tha principal occupations of this band ; although they very materially supplement their income from this .le deposited amounts with the agent, which are paid out to them in monthly instalments; in this way they get more benetit from the money than if taken at one time. Little Bone band was paid $40 per head on account of surrendered land. This is a small band that has been joined to the Saki- may band. i REPORTS OF I\Dl.i\ .IGENTS 139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Cattle. — During the year the luJians of this agency sold and used f.jr beef from cattle of their own raising $4,200 worth. The income from this source and the ex- cellent food-supply is very satisfactory. Speaking generally, they make very fair provision for their cattle, which, as a rule, come out in the spring looking fairly well. Dwellings. — During the year four new dwelling-houses of a substantial type have been erected, viz. : Ochapowace reserve, 2 ; Kahkewistahaw reserve, 1 ; Cowessess re- serve, 1. A number of smaller shanties were also erected. The class of houses occupied by the Indians is steadily improving; but a great hindrance to improve- ment in this respect is their sujierstitions in connection with death oceujTing in the house. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic sickness occurred during the year. With the exception of consumption and scrofulous diseases, these Indians are remarkably free from sickness. The sanitary conditions are steadily improving. Temperance. — The habits of these Indians with regard to the use of intoxicants are remarkably good. It must not be thought that the number of cases that are successfully prosecuted rei)rcsent the whole of the intemperance indulged in; at the same time it is a fair indication. During the year only two convictions were obtainecl against Indians of this agency — one for intemperance and the other for an immoral ofFence, both being members of Kahkewistahaw band. Progress. — While the year has not been one of large things, still in my opinion some progress has been made. The number of young Indian graduates from the dif- ferent schools now living on the reserves in this agency make up a considerable pro- portion of the able-bodied men. In their individual effort these young men under existing conditions are not doing so well a> could be desired, nor what .-hould be reasonably expected from them. Inspection. — Inspector Graham visited the agency several times during the year. Staff. — The members of the agency staff have been attentive to duty. Mr. G. F. Saywell was appointed clerk in succession to Mr. Nichol, promoted to the position of agent at Qu'Appelle agency. The farming instructors on the different reserves do all they can to assist the Indians. Schools. — Round Lake (Presbyterian) boarding school, under the Rev. Hugh McKay, D.D., as principal, usually has about 40 pupils on the roll. The training there, both for boys and girls, should qualify the young Indians for a life of useful- ness. Cowessess (Roman Catholic) boarding school. Rev. S. Perrault, O.il.I., princi- pal, assisted by the Rev. Brother Gauthier and the reverend sisters of St. Joseph, has 45 pupils on the roll. The training of the pupils is very thorough, and the manage- ment of the school excellent. I have, &c., M. MILL.VR, Indian Agent. Province of S.^skatchewan,- Dlxk Lake Agexcv, May G. 1000. Fu.\.\K Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indiau Affairs, Ottawa. SiK, — I have the honour to submit the annual report for this agenc.v. together with agricidtural and industrial statistics and inventory of government property under my charge for the year ended March 31, 1909. 140 DEPAHrMENT OF 1XD1A^' AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 ONE arrow's band, ko. 95. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is located to the east of the Saskatchewan river, 13 miles from the agency headquarters, and has an area of 16 square miles. It is considerably broken up with small lakes and sloughs. The soil is sandy and cannot be depended on during dry seasons. Tribe. — The Indians of this band are Plain Crees. Population. — The population of this band is 101. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians of this band during the past year was very good. During the summer they live in tents; in winter in log houses, wh'ch they kf-ei clean. Occupations. — As in the past, the principal occupation of this band is hunting, but a start in farming is now being made by the young men returning from school, and from now on, with judicious oversight, I expect encouraging progress to be made. Buildings. — The young men from school have in some instances already built comfortable log houses, shingle roofed, and others are preparing to follow the example. Stock. — They have a nice herd of cattle, for which they provide ample haj', and from which they derive a good return. Farm Implements. — The farm implements on this reserve are up to date and sufficient for requirements. Education. — There is no day school on this reserve. The children of school age are sent to the Duck Lake boarding school. Temperance and Morality. — They are, on the whole, temperate and moral. OKEMASSIS AKD BEARDy's BAKDS, XOS. 96 AND 97. Reserve.— 'l"bc reserve of these bands borders clrlcfly on Duck lake, and its hay marshes, being about 3 miles from the town of Duck Lake, which having its flour- mill and good market, adds considerably to the advantages these bands have. The total area is 44 square miles. On Okemassis and part of Beardy's the soil is sandy and poor, but the remainder is very good on the south and west sides ; these sections the Indians are now cultivating with favourable results. Tribe. — These two bands are Plain Crees. Population. — The population is 154. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians of these bands during the yeai- was j;cod. They are very cleanly in their habits, showing that tliey understand the value of sanitary measures. Occupations. — The younger men on these reserves all farm, and that, too, with encouraging success. During the winter months they have always more or less hay to sell, so that from their crops, hay and surplus cattle, they make a comfortable living. The older men do not farm to any extent. However, all of them that are able- bodied support themselves by hunting, trapping, gathering roots, freighting, kc. Buildings. — While the buildings on these reserves are not as good as one would like to see, there is a gradual advance, one of the Indians during the year having put np a fine shingle-roofed building, partitioned oS both up and downstairs. Three others have the logs on the ground for buildings of a similar kind. Stock. — The stock on these reserves is always well looked after. Indeed, it is just as well looked after as that of the average farmer. Parm Implements. — The farm implements on these reserves are up to date and sufficient for requirements. The Indians have a portable engine and threshing outfit, with which they do their own threshing, and do it well, without any assistance or oversight. Education. — There is no day school on these reserves, the children of school age being sent either to the Duck Lake boarding school or the Regina industrial school. i HEPORTS OF IXDIAX AGEXTS 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Characteristics and Progres.s. — The Indians of these reserves are industrious and law-abiding; they are year by year becoming better off. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. JOHN smith's band^ NO. 99. Reserve. — The reserve of this band lies on both sides of the South Saskatchewan river, 14 miles from the city of Prince Albert, and comprises 37 square miles. The soil is all that could be desired, with plenty of slough and upland hay, also having a large quantity of poplar timber for building purposes. Tribe. — This band consists of half-breeds and Swampy Crees. Population.— The population of this band is 149. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this baud during the past year was good. They all own good log shingle-roofed houses, in which they live all the year round. They quite understand the value of and attend to the necessary sanitary measures. Occupations. — The occupations of the band are various. The younger men have not taken to farming, preferring in most cases to work off the reserve. Some of them go to the lumber camps in winter, and log-driving in spring; others freight goods to the northern posts of the Hudson's Bay Company. The older men farm to some extent. In winter they hunt and trap ; they also earn money by freighting. Stock. — The Indians of this reserve own a considerable number of cattle, but for various reasons they are not increasing. The cows are milked, and they make and sell butter. Farm Implements. — The farm implements are sufficient for requirements. Education. — There is a day school on this reserve, at which the attendance is irregular, not because the children are at any time off the reserve, but rather, I think, from the indifference of their parents. Characteristics and Progress. — The members of this band are half-breeds. They lack the push and ambition of the white man on the one hand, and, on the other, the honesty of purpose of the Indian. Protected by the government as Indians, they have failed to make the use of themselves that they would have done had they not entered treaty. They make a living, but further advancement will not under present condi- tions take place. Temperance and Morality. — Many of the men of this band are addicted to the use of liquor, which they have little trouble in getting. While intemperance and im- morality usually go together, it cannot be said of these people that they are immoral. JAMES smith's band. NO. 100. Eeserve. — This reserve is situated on the Saskatchewan river near Fort a la Corne. and contains a fraction over .50 square miles. There is a strip of it on the north side, where the land is poor and sandy ; otherwise the soil on the rest of the reserve is of very good quality, interspersed with small lakes, sloughs and hay meadows, but in all a splendid country. Tribe. — These Indians are Plain and Swampy Crees. Population. — The population of this band is 246. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band during the past year was good. They are a cleanly people who live during the summer in tents, and in winter in well constructed shingle-roofed houses. Occupations. — The principal occuiiation of this band is hunting and trapping. A number of the yfiunger men farm, but the temptation of the hunt makes the success in this direction limited. The members of the band own a large herd of cattle, which, en the whole, are well taken care of. 142 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAX AFFAIJRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Buildings. — Nearly all the Indians of this band own eomfortable log dwellings, shingle-voofed, floored and in some cases plastered inside and divided into rooms. Implements. — The reserve is well equipped with all the necessary farm imple- ments. Education. — There are two day schools on the reserve, both of which are well attended when the Indians are on the reserve. When the parents go hunting, they tr.kii the children with them, so that it is quite common upon one visit to find as many as fifteen children in attendance at each school, while on the next visit one may find only two or three. This irregularity of attendance does not tend to the advancement of the children, and it is apt to sajj the interest of the teachers. Characteristics and Progress. — I consider these Indians industrious in their own way. They find it easier to make a living by hunting and trapping than by farming, and so hunt and trap. They provide ample feed for their stock, but then their in- terest in hunting clashes with the interest in feeding their stock, and the latter some- times suffer. Temperance and Moralit.v. — Taking the members of this band as a whole, they are not intemperate, but the advance of settlement brings liquor nearer to them, and a few individuals. I regret to say, are now much addicted to the habit. They are moral. NUT L.'iKE BAND, NO. 90. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in townships 38 and 39, range 12, west of the second meridian, and it comprises an area of 22 -25 square miles. It is bounded on the west by the Nut lake, in which fish are caught. A portion of this reserve is covered with a growth of poplar and spruce; hay is abundant and the growth of grass and pea-vine is luxuriant. The nearest railway point is Wadena on the Canadian North- ern railway, some 40 miles south. Tribe. — These Indians are Saulteaux. Population. — The population of this band is 220. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band during the past year has been very good. Except in the extreme cold of winter, they live in tents. The tents are moved frequently, hence the sanitary conditions are good. Occupations. — The Indians of this band depend to a very large extent upon hunt- ing, trapping and fishing. However, during the year a few of them have turned their attention to farming, with the result that about TO acres were broken, disked and harrowed ready for crop. Characteristics and Progress. — They are a hunting people, and when fur and came is plentifid, they make a good living; but the encroachment of settlement on their hunting grounds will soon compel them to turn their attention to farming, and when it does, I believe they will farm with success. KINISTINO BAND, NO. 91. Reserve. — This reserve is situated in township 42, range 16, west of the 2nd meridian, and comprises an area of 15 square miles. The Barrier river runs through a portion of it, and the fish caught therein form a valuable source of food supply for the Indians. The reserve is partly covered with white spruce and poplar of good merchantable quality, and there is sufficient good arable, open land for the ase of the band for farming purposes. Tribe. — These Indians are Saulteaux. Popidation. — The population of this band is 81. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians of this band during the past year was good, and they are gradually beginning to realize the value of sanitary measure^'. i REfoirrs OF ixDi.iy AOEyrs 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Oc'e\i|)ation?. — The.se Indians, while to ii hirge extent they still depend upon hunting and fishing, are beginning to farm, and will, I think, be successful. Buildings.— The buildings, with two or three exceptions, are mud-roofed shan- ties, which they occupy only in the extreme cold weather. Stock. — They have a few head of cattle, of which they take reasonable care. Farm Implements. — For what farming they have done or will do in the near future, they have sufficient implements. Education. — They have no school, and so far the parents are averse to having a school on the reserve or sending their children to an industrial school. Characteristics and Progress. — The members of this band are slowly working into the white man's ways. They are independent and entirely self-suppgrting. Temperance and Morality. — They are as temperate and moral as can be expected from their present conditions. GEXER.M. REM.\RKS. Following a bad farming year, many of the Indians of this agency had to apply for a loan of seed-grain, which they received and from which a fair crop was returned. The winter, however, was very long and cold, the depth of snow such that little hmiting could be done: this, added to the almost entire absence of rabbit, made it especially hard to those depending entirely on the hunt, that is, in com- parison .with the ordinar.v Indian year. Although the winter was long and cold, sufficient hay had been put up, with the result that the end of the year found our stock in good .spring condition. The health of the Indians of this agency was very good during the pa=t year, with the result that there is an increase in number. 1 have. ifcc. J. MACARTHUR. Indian Ao »'• Province of Saskatchewan, Moose Mointain Aoencv, C.^RLYLE p. O., April 5, 1909. Frank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on matters in connection with this agency, together with an inventory of government property tmdcr my charge and a copy of agricultural and industrial statistics. Tribe or Nation, — These Indians are Assiniboines and Crees. Reserve. — This reserve. White Bear's, No. 70, lies at the east end of the Moose mountains, and north of the town of Carlyle, on the Areola and Regina branch of the Canadian Pacific railway, distant about 6 miles. It has an area of 30,288 acres, two-thirds of which is covered with scrub timber and water. What open land there is, is hilly and very stony, not at all adapted for farming to any extent. Population. — The population is 20.3. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians of this band during the past year has been fairly good. There were no epidemics. A few deaths occurred. Every effort has been made to induce them to keep their houses clc^n and well venti- lated and to allow no filth to accumulate around. Occupations. — Some of these Indians farm, some raise cattle, the rest work at anything they can get to' do, or else loaf around doing nothing. 144 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRi'S i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Buildings. — A number of new houses have been erected during the past year, all very much larger and better lighted and ventilated than those of the old style. Stock. — The sirock has done fairly well. A few of the Indians take good care of their cattle. The others have to be driven to look after them at all. Farm Implements. — We are fairly w-oll supplied ; but the Indians ai-e not very careful of their implements unless well looked after. Education. — There is one day school on this reserve. The parents take a great interest in the school, and the pupils are progressing very well. Characteristics and Progress. — Quite a number of the Indians are fairly indus- trious, others are very indolent. All, or nearly all, are law-abiding, and are, as a whole, becoming better off. Temperance and Morality. — With very few exceptions they are total abstainers, f,nd are in other ways as morals as any other people. I have, &c., THOS. CORY, hxdian Agent. Province of Saskatchewan^ Onion Lake Agency, Onion Lake, April 20, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs. Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report and statistical statement for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. To the Onion Lake agency belong six reserves, viz.: Seekaskootch, No. 119; Weemisticooseahwasis, No. 120; Ooneepowhayo, No. 121; Puskeeahkeewein, No. 122; Keeheewin, No. 123, and Chipewjan, No. 124. ONION LAKE BAND, NOS. 119 AND 120. The reserves owned by the Seekaskootch and Weemisticooseahwasis bands adjoin one another and are practically one band, commonly known as the Onion Lake band; they are, therefore, treated as one band in this report. Nation. — The Indians of the Onion Lake band belong to the Cree nation. Eeserves. — These reserves are situated on the north side of the Saskatchewan river, the distance between Fort Pitt and the nearest point of the southern boundary being about 6 miles. The fourth meridian, dividing the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta, runs about 8 miles west of Fort Pitt, and passes through Weemisticoo- seahwasis, the western reserve, about 1 mile west of the line which divides it from Seekaskootch, lying to the east. The area of Seekaskootch reserve is 38,400 acres. A small portion of the south- em part of the reserve is well timbered with spruce and poplar, and contains a picturesque lake, about 4 miles long, known as Long lake, which, I may mention in passing, is not a fishing lake. A long stretch of rolling prairie, extending from south- east to northwest, passes through the reserve, interspersed with groves of poplar and containing some not extensive hay swamps and good pasture for cattle. The north- ern part is a high rolling plateau with some open patches of land, but for the most part wooded with poplar and an occasional cluster of spruce. At the foot of the i REPORT.^ OF IXniAX AGENTS 145 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 slup-s, rising from the stretch of rolling prairie, there are some small patcha? of fairly good farming land, but the general character of the soil is light, Weemistieooseahwasis reserve, with an area of 14,080 acres, is less variable than the reserve adjoining it; its surface is rolling, with numerous poplar groves divided by pasture-land and sloughs, which, in di-y seasons, yield a moderate suppl.v of superior hay. The general ehnraeter of the soil is light. Population. — The iK>pulation of Seekaskootch reserve is 341. and that of Weem- istieooseahwasis 93. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the Indians has been good through- out the year, especially in the case of adults. There was a mild epidemic of measles, from the after-effects of which there were some deaths among the children of a band of hunting Indians at Island lake who draw treaty with the Onion Lake band. Whooping-cough was also very prevalent during the winter, and in several cases was followed by bronchial pneumonia, from which several children died. Eifort is made to induce the Indians to keep their houses clean, in many cases with continued success, in others there is no sign of improvement. In spring-time, however, there is a general cleaning up, and the rubbish and filth which always collects round the houses during the winter is raked up and burned; in the fall, also, the houses are remudded and made comfortable for the winter, and, in many cases, limewashed. Vaccination, when neces- sary and at all possible, is always attended to at treaty payments. Occupations. — The industry from which these Indians derive most sustenance is cattle-raising. The putting up of liay for the winter, which is rather a slow process with the.se people, occupies the greater part of the summer months and extends gener- ally into the fall; a break in the work having to be made when harvest commences, v\-hiclj. no matter how small the acreage may be, has to be attended to.- The inter- ruption, however, is in many cases apt in the Indian to cause a reluctance to return to the work of haymaking, which has become wearisome, especially if the weather has been unfavourable, which was the case during the season of 1908. It is pleasing to note, however, that the yield of grain, which was chiefly oats, was much in excess of any for some years past. When haymaking is completed, attention is directed to getting their habitations and stables in order for the winter. Their winter occupation consists largely in giving the necessary attention to cattle, the hauling of hay from their stacks, which are often many miles distant from their stables, occupies no small part of the short winter days; it is true that some hay is hauled in the fall, liut not much more than serves during the change from fall to winter, or until there is sufficient snow for sleighing. During the latter part of the winter those who pursue a little farming haul rails for new fences, and the most energetic of them get out house and saw-logs which they haul to the agency mill, where, generally, during the niontlis of March and April, the mill is in operation ; each owner of logs providing his (■wn gang of men from among his fellow Indians to do the necessary work, with the exception of handling the saw and siii^erintending the engine, which is attended to by the agency engineer and blacksmith, Joseph Taylor, long since an ex-pupil of the Battleford industrial school, who has acquired no little knowledge of mechanical work and has been granted an engineer's license to run the engine. Farming has so far been carried on only to a very limited extent, but, with the spring, those who follow the industry are engaged with their stubble jiloughing and seeding. Last summer some 40 acres of new land was broken. The issue of government rations to working Indians is small, in fact, only when absolutely necessary, .so that in view of the fact that they cannot support them- selves from the proceeds of their cattle and grain, they are compelled, though not reluctantly, to take advantage of any work that they are fitted for, wliich they frequently find in freighting for traders, working for settlers, engaging themselves with survey parties and sueli like work, from which they derive no small proportion of their livelihood. The majority of the band still take advantage of what is left of the bunt, iiuil although the number of fur-bearing animals is becoming reduced, 27— i— 10 146 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAN AFFAIBS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 tlie increase in v:ihie of pelts to some extent makes up for the decrease in numbers. Fishing also is indulged in to no small extent, hnt in the immediate neighhonrhood there are no fishing lakes. During the summer months the gathering of senega-root is largely resorted to by some of the members of most of the families of the working Indians, and by some of those coming under the head of destitute; the bartering of this root to the traders is a considerable profit to the band. buildings. — The Indian dwellings arc all built of logs, most of them gable- roofed, with poles covered with sod. which makes a warm roof for the winter; few of them are occupied in the warm weather, the Indians finding it more conducive to health and comfort to take to their tents when the snow disappears. Four dwellings are much superior to the others, being two storeyed and having shingled roofs; one other single-roomed house has a shingled roof. The stables were in most eases well prepared for the winter, and the cattle sheds improved. Stock. — The breed of cattle is good, and the number of thoroughbred bulls, the cost of which is largely supplied by the Indians, is ample for the number of cows. The wintering of the stock has been, on the whole, fairly satisfactory, and no losses have occurred through shortage of hay. Farm Implements. — The supply of implements for farming operations is suffi- cient for present requirements, and the mowers and rakes, which are mostly the private property of the Indians, are ample for the large amount of hay which has to be put up. They are also well provided with wagons and sleighs. Education. — There are two boarding schools on the reserves, one under the auspices of the Church of England, and one under those of the Roman Catholic Church, both of which are situated on Weemisticooseahwasis reserve. The attend- ance at both has reached the full number for which provision has Vieen made. An improvement on the part of the parents in wishing to have their children educated, is evident in this condition of affairs, ami the fact that there is no desire to with- draw them, unless for some palpable reason. The progress made by the pupils is satisfactory. Characteristics and Progress. — There are few cases of disagreement among the Indians of this band; family quarrels arise with them as in other communities, but, perhaps, are more easily settled. They are no less law-abiding, unless it be in the acquiring of liquor. Temperance and Morality. — The trouble caused by liquor is not decreasing, but the fact of three having lately been imprisoned for breaking the law may have a beneficial effect. In other ways T cannot say that anything has come to my notice to .'^how that their morals have deteriorated. FROC; LAKE BAND, XOS. 121 ANO 122. Two reserves, described as Ooneepowhayo and Puskeeahkeewein, arc situated round tlie east, south and west shores of Frog lake, and the bands owning them are looked upon as one; they arc generally known as the Frog Lake band, and arc treated jif such in this report. Xation. — The owners of these reserves belong to the Cree nation. Reserves.— Ooneepowhayo reserve is situated northwest of the reserves already reported upon, about 20 miles, and about 9 miles north of the Saskatchewan river, and is penetrated from the north by Frog lake. Its neighbouring reserve, Pus- keeahkeewein, abuts it on part of its northern bomidary lying to the west side of the lake, and on part of the western boundary. The area of Ooneepnwhayo reserve is 21.120 acres. The surface is very undu- lating and mostly wooded with iK)plar groves and spruce; where open land appears the pasture is good, but hay is scarce. The soil throughout is sandy loam. The area of Puskeeahkeewein reserve is 25,600 acres. The soil is sandy loam; the surface undulating and studded with groves of poplar and spruce, the open part i REPORTS OF lyOIAy AOENTS 14-T SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 bting niobtly overgrown with willow. The pasturage is good, but hay can only be cut in small quantities, except in dry seasons when the water in the sloughs has become lower. I'opiilatiou. — The population of Ooneepowhayo band is 111, and that of Ptis- kecahkeewein 23. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Frog Lake band has been very good, only one death being reported, that of an infant in arms, from whooping-cough, which was prevalent during the winter. Sanitary measures, in the way of cleaning up round the houses when spring opens and burning the rubbish so collected, are always observed. At treaty payments all requiring vaccination, and those who do not positively refuse to submit to the operation, are vaccinated. Occupations. — Hunting and fishing are the principal sources of support for these people, and, in the summer, senega-root digging. They have sufficient cattle for the quantity of hay they are able to put up; in fact, they have to go further afield to find as much as they require. The amount of farming they do is not worthy of mention. Frog lake is not very productive of fish, but the Indian.* have a small fishing reserve cm the shore of a lake known as Little Fishing lake, from which they draw a good supply of whitefish. Buildings. — The dwellings are well built log houses with the ordinary pole and sod roofs; with two exceptions they are one-roomed, and, as is the custom with the Onion Lake Indians, are vacated when the warm weather sets in. The stables are not extensive, and for shelter are not as good as at Onion Lake. Stock. — The cattle are of good quality, and as the natural shelter is good, thrive remarkably well, but there is seldom any hay to spare when winter is over. Two thoroughbred bulls are supplied, which are ample for the number of cows. Farm Implements. — The Indians are well supplied with mowers and rnkis, and have ploughs and harrows sufficient for their requirements. Education. — There are no schools on the reserves, but some of the children are being educated in the boarding schools at Onion Lake. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians conduct themselves well ; have no trouble among themselves, and are law-abiding. They cannot be called industrious, but manage to make a living without much assistance from the department. Temperance and Morality. — I do not know of any offences against the liquor laws, and, in other respects, their mode of living ha.s improved. KEEHEEWIN's B.\ND, NO. ]23. Nation. — The members of this hand all belong to the Cree nation. Reserve. — This reserve is situated about 30 miles northwest of Frog Lake, and contains an area of 18,016 acres. The surface is rolling, abounding in groves of poplar and excellent pasture interspersed with small lakes, sloughs and hay marshes; the southern part is thickly wooded with poplar and spruce. The soil is of a rich sandy loam, suitable for farming were it not that the locality is subject to early frosts. The reserve is admirably adapted for cattle-raising. Population. — The population of the band is 150. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band has been good throtighout the year. The epidemic of measles and whooping-cough which visited the country during the winter did not pass them by, the latter trouble, in some instances terminating in bronchial pneumonia, cau.'^ed the death of one child. Attention is paid to sanitary precautions, and at treaty-time little trouble is met in having the children vaccinated. Occupations. — Cattle-raising is sueceesfully followed by these Indians; not much attention has been devoted to grain-growing. The surrounding country is a favourite hunting and fishing resort for Indians, and, in favourable seasons, at the former pursuit they do fairly well; at fishing, the majority lay in a supply for the winter. 27— i— lOJ 148 DEPARTMEXr OF IXDIAX AFFAlRfi i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Gathering senega-root is also followed by these Indians, and a few of them have of recent years been getting employment from survey parties. The department having authorized the hiring of a saw-mill, the Indians have this winter been getting out saw-logs, of which they now have a large number ready for sawing. Buildings. — The Indian dwellings are mostly small, but are well built and com- fortable. The majority of them are fairly clean, and two I could specially mention are exceptionally well kept. Farm Implements. — They have farm implements suiEcient for their present re- quirements, and are well supplied with mowers and rakes, all but one of each of which are their own private property. Education. — There is no school on this reserve, but some of the children are boarders at the Roman Catholic boarding school. Characteristics and Progress. — The majority of these Indians are industrious, law-abiding and progressive. Temperance and Morality. — I have no reason to believe that these Indians are addicted to the use of intoxicants, and, in other respects, they seem to be good-living people. CHIPEWYAN BAND, NO. 124. Nation. — With very few exceptions, the members of this band belong to the Chipewyan tribe or nation. Reserve. — The reserve is situated about 40 miles north of Onion Lake and about 6 miles southwest of a large lake known as Cold lake. The surface, with the excep- tion of the southern portion, is rolling and is rich with grazing land and hay swamp; it also abounds with poplar groves, and, in favourable seasons, with swamps yielding excellent hay. Parts of the southern portion are well timbered with poplar and spruce. The area of the reserve is 47,720 acres. Population. — The population is 284. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has improved; only one case of serious illness, which is one of rapid consumption, having occurred during the year; there are some cases of old standing. The epidemic of measles did not visit them, and whooping-cough did not affect them so seriously as it did the Cree bands. There is an improvement in the keeping of the houses, and, with regard to vaccina- tion, parents submit their children readily to the operation. Occupations. — These Indians have been purely a hunting class, but as of late years that has been a less profitable pursuit than formerly, a few show their desire to turn their attention to farming, and have plougherl up a few patches of land, which will be seeded for the first time next spring. One or two fields have hitherto been sown annually with oats, and have yielded well when not injured by frost. Some of the Indians own cattle, but do not pay them sufficient attention. Many have this winter derived a good deal from freighting and fishing for traders, and working in the Cold Lake waters, which yield a bountiful supply of whitefish and large trout. Buildings. — The houses are of log. well built, and in some cases shingled; their stables also, in some cases, are good and well kept. Farm Implements. — Four ploughs and two disc harrows have been supplied for those who are inclined to use them, as an encouragement to them to start farming. With regard to wagons, sleighs, mowers and rakes, they are fairly well off, but some of the mowers and rakes are becoming used up. Education. — There is no school on this reserve, and only one child is at school at Onion Lake, the distance being too great. The Indians, however, say they mix very little with their neighbouring Creos. which, to some extent, influeneas the parents in not sending their children to school where Crees predominate. Characteristics and Progress.— The band cannot be called industrious; the hunt is the following uppermost in their mind.<, but, as the profit in it disappears, they i REPORTH OF /.ADM.V AGEyTS 149 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 will be forced to turn to some other mode of living, such as farming, and it remains to be seen what success they will make of that. They are a law-abiding people, but I cannot say that they are making any progress. Temperance and Morality. — They are not much addicted to the use of intoxi- cants, but that some liquor gets into the reserve there can be little doubt ; other- wise they are a fairly good-living people. I have, &e., W. SIBBALD, ^ ; Indian Agent. Province of Saskatchewan, Pas Agency, The P.\s, April 8. 1909. Frank Pedlev. Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual rejxirt for the year ended March 31, 1909, together with statistical statement and inventory of government property under my charge. chemawawin band. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band are of the Swampy Cree tribe. ■ Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the Saskatchewan river, at the west end of Cedar lake, and has an area of 3,010 -93 acres. It is well timbered, and a quantity of hay can be cut ; the soil is good, but the greater part is covered with limestone. Population. — The band numbers 138 souls. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of this band has been fair, the usual sanitary precaution of gathering up and burning rubbish has been observed. Occupations. — The ludians of this baud live by hunting and fishing. The fur hunt has been very profitable this year, the prices paid have been higher than here- tofore. While there has not been much earned by fishing, they have supplied their own wants. Buildings. — There has been no improvement in their houses, although they have been repeatedly advised that overcrowding and ill-ventilated houses are in a great measure responsible for a good deal of sickness. Education. — The day school on this reserve is under the charge of Mr. Frank Barker, who is painstaking and earnest in his work, but, owing to the nomadic habits of the Indians, the attendance of the children is very irregular. Characteristics and Progress. — These people do not seem to exert themselves to improve their condition. They are quiet and law-abiding and are content to live ns they have been accustomed to in the past. Temperance and Morality. — The Indians of this band are temperate and of good morals. MOOSE LAKE BAND. Tribe or Nation. — This band is of the Swampy Cree tribe. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the west side of Moose lake; a large island also forms part of the reserve, the total area of which, including a hay reserve, is 3,663 acres, consisting of timber, swamp and hay-land. The soil is good, but rocky. 150 UEPAIlTMEXr OF I.\lJlA\ AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Population. — This band numbers 117 soul*. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the Indians has been very good. ^Ihey have burned a kiln of lime during the year and have whitewashed their houses inside and out. Occupations. — Hunting and fishing form their only occupations. They have had fair success in the fur hunt; nuiskrats have been more numerous than last year and the prices paid considerably higher. They have, therefore, been in easier circum- stances. They have caught fish in plenty for their own use and also to feed their dogs. Buildings. — Several have- luiilt themselves new houses and seem to realize that a 'good-sized house is ari'iinpomint factor in maintaining their health during the long winter months. The band have also erected the walls for a new church, 30 x 40 x I.t ; the logs are of spruce, well hewn and framed. Stock. — The band has a few head of cattle; but. as hay is sometimes difficult to get, the industry is not taken seriously. Education. — There is a day school on this reserve, but the attendance is irregular, owing to the Indians taking their children with them on their hunting trips. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band live peaceably, ami though they do not show material progress, still one can notice an improvement in their mode of living. Temperance and Morality. — There has been no complaint on the score of their jiiorals nor of their use of intoxicants. PAS BAND. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians belong to the Swampy Cree tribe. Reserve. — The reserve is situated partly on both sides of the Saskatchewan river, also at the mouth of the Carrot river. They have a timber reserve on the Carrot river and a fishing station on Clearwater lake, making a total of 7,610 acres. This is covered with small-sized timber. The soil in places is good, but the greater part • of the reserve consists of muskeg and swampy land. Hay can be cut some years, but -cannot be depended on, because the river occasionally overflows its banks and floods the -low lands. Population. — This band numbers 419 souls. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been very fair during the past ^ear. A mild type of whooping-cough and influenza affected this band, but with no serious results. Dr. Larose, the medical attendant, is attentive to his duties, but 1 am afraid his advice regarding sanitary precautions is not carried out by the In- dians as he would like, the importance of which they do not realize as yet. Occupations. — Hunting, trapping and fishing are the principal occupations where- by these people earn their living, in addition to which they have small gardens, and some grow potatoes for their own vise. They also earn a good deal by working in the summer-time as boatmen. This year they have been especially fortunate in secur- ing employment on the Hudson Bay railway surveys. A small saw-mill is operated by them, and they have turned out this year nearly 120,000 feet of lumber. Buildings. — A number of new houses have been built on the north side of the river, a good many of which are frame dwellings. While they are not as large as one •would have wished to see, they certainly are an improvement on the old style. Education. — There are two day schools on this reserve, one fronting the town plot, and the other at the Big Eddy, 5 miles distant, both on the north side of the river. Owing to the Indians taking their children with them when living at their hunting camps, the attendance is irregular and the progress of the pupils greatly Landicapped. Stoek. — This band has some cattle and a few horses, but the overflowing of the river makes the providing of fodder an uncertain matter; therefore the keeping of a large number of cattle is not encouraged. i REPORTS OF IXOIAS AGEXTS 151 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band are orderly and well behaved and quite willing to work when they have a chance. An improvement can be noted in their dwellings and their i>crsonal appearance. A greater quantity of fur has been caujjht than last year, and the prices paid have been a good deal higher; this, together with the great reduction in the price of all commodities, owing to keen competition amongst traders, has enabled them to provide themselves with many little comforts of which they formerly knew nothing, and which they appre- ciate. Temperance and Morality. — There has been no case of intemperance brought to my notice during the year, and with the usual exceptions to be met with in any comnuuiity, their morals are good. SHOAL L.^KE B.VND. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band are of the Swampy Cree tribe. J^esirve. — Their reserve is situated on the Carrot river, and contains 2.237 acres. The soil is good, and there is a quantity of fine spruce timber on it ; some hay can also be cut. Population. — The band numbers 71 souls. Health and Sanitation. — This band was visited by an epidemic of whooping- ci ugh during the cold and stormy winter months, which resulted m the death of several children ; otherwise their health has been fair. Occupations. — Their principal source of revenue is derived from fur-hunting and their food-supply from moose and fish which they catch at certain times of the year. They cultivate jwtatoes and have small gardens; they also raise cattle; but, as they are hunter.s, this is a secondary consideration. Buildings. — They have some good houses and fair stables, timber for building vhich js at their doors. The houses are not kept as tidy as they might he. Stock. — A sufficient quantity of fodder was put up and the cattle have so far come through in good condition. Education. — The day school on this reserve was closed at the end of the Decem- ber quarterl and owing to the difficulty of securing a teacher for this out of the way place, no appointment has been made as yet. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band are not as thrifty as their neighbours of Ked Earth, and beyrnd the providing for the time being, do not seem to care to exert themselves unduly; they are, however, law-abiding and seem to be eontented. but not progressive. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral in their conduct. RKD EARTH BAXD. Tribe or Nation. — This band is a mixture of the Swampy and Saulteaux tribe.^. Reserve. — They have two re-erves. one on the Carrot river 15 miles from Shoal lake, with an area of 2,040 acre.s. and the other situated on the Red Earth creek, oontaining 2,711.64 acres, making a total area of 4,7.51 -64 acres. A large portion nf this land is wet and swampy, covered with small timber, scrub and a little hay. The soil where the Indian settlement is situated is good. Popiilation. — The band numbers 122. Health and Sanitation. — As a rule the members of this band have enjoyed good health, but this year an epidemic of whooping-cough caused the death of 0 ■rhiidren. 4 of which were infants. The teacher. Mr. Kennedy, who dispenses the medicines for this and the Shoal Lake band, has rendered all the assistance he could with medicines and advice, but the treatment in this disease is at the best only palliative. 152 DErARTMEXr OF INDIAX AFFAIR.^ i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Occupations. — These Indians live by the hunt; they also in addition grow a quantity of potatoes and other vegetables. They have a number of cattle and ponies, of which they take good care. Buildings. — They have fair houses of neat appearance, quite a few shingled and some covered with patent roofing. The stables are comfortable. A kiln of lime was burned and the buildings given a coat of whitewash inside and out. Stock. — On account of the high water, the cattle and horses had trouble to find even pasturage; in fact, for some time had to browse on leaves, which were eaten as far up the trees as they could reach, giving the trees in the vicinity of the settle- ment a peculiar appearance. Although the Indians had difficulty in securing sufficient hay, no shortage has yet been reported. Education. — The day school on this reserve is in charge of Mr. J. G. Kennedy, who is painstaking in his efforts, but the irregularity of attendance here, as else- where, seriously retards their advancement. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band are thrifty and industri- ous, and are always anxious to better their condition. They are law-abiding and make the best of their circumstances, which, however slowly, still improve yearly. The fur-catch has not been larger than last year, but higher prices have been paid. Temperance and Morality. — They are both temperate and moral. CUMBERLAND BAND. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band belong to the Swampy Cree tribe. Reserve. — The reserve is situated on Cumberland lake, and has an area of 1,883 -17 acres. The soil is of poor quality, stony, swampy and in parts covered with scrub. There is a quantity of good building timber on this reserve. Population. — The band numbers 143 souls. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the band has been very good during the year. Occupations. — They live by hunting and fishing; some are also employed in the summer as boatmen, from which sources they derive considerable revenue. Buildings. — The buildings on this reserve are small, and for the mo§t part are barK-covered shacks, occupied only occasionally by their owners between hunting trips; consequently there is little effort made to improve their homes. Education. — The day school on this reserve is well attended when the Indians are at home, but as they are away at times, taking their children with them, the progress is necessarily slow. Characteristics and Progress. — Depending on hunting and fishing, as these peo- ple do, there is no material progress to be observed in their condition, it being gov- erned by existing circumstances. They are well behaved and willing to work when the chance is offered them. Temperance and Morality. — No ease of intemperance nor immorality has been reported this year. General Remarks. — The large day school building on the surrendered portion of the Pas reserve has now been changed into agency office, warehouse and dispensary, making convenient and comfortable quarters. I have once more to testify to the good service of Corporal Munday, R.N.W.M. Police, to whose watchfulness a good deal of the peace and quietness of this village is due. I have, &c., FRED. FISCHER, Indian Agent. i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGENTS 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Province of Saskatchewan^ Pelly Agency, Kamsack, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir,. — I have the honour to submit my annual report for this agency for the year ended March 31, 1909. The Pelly agency consists of four reserves, Cote, No. 6-1: the Key, Xo. 65; Kee- seekoose, No. 60, and Valley Eiver, No. 63A. COTE BAND. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians are all Saulteaux. Reserve. — This reserve contains about 30 square miles, and is situated about 2 miles north of the town of Kamsack on the Canadian Northern railway. The land is rolling and covered with poplar and willow bluffs, interspersed with farm and hay lands. Population. — At the last annuity pajTneuts there were 251 souls. Health and Sanitation. — There has been no serious outbreak or epidemic during the year, and, with the exception of the chronic cases of tuberculosis, there has been no fatal sickness. One member of this band became temporarily insane and had to be removed to Selkirk asylum. Dr. Wallace, of Kamsack, has done everything possi- ble to better the condition of these Indians by treatment and advice. Occupations. — Quite a number of this band are settling down to farming and getting larger fields under cultivation. Some continue to hunt and fish. Consider- able money was made by selling wood. Buildings. — There has been an improvement in the buildings here, several new bouses and stables having been erected. Stock. — The stock has wintered well and is in good condition. A few of these Indians are not as careful of their stock as we should like to see them. Farm Implements. — These Indians are well supplied with necessary farm im- plements, and continue to buy each year all they require from their own funds. Education. — The children of this band are educated in the Crowstand boarding School, which is conducted under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church. The pupils are taught farming, stock-raising, dressmaking and housework, as well as get- ting a thorough school education. The principal, Rev. W. McWhinney, and his staff are to be commended for the good progress that is being made. Characteristics and Progress. — All crops were again frozen ; wheat being a com- plete loss and oats and barley only half a crop, which made it very discouraging for the farmers. Fur was almost extinct this year with the exception of coyotes, so that the resources of the Indians were only wood and cattle, from both of which consider- able was earned. However, more land was broken this year and put in better condition for spring than before; also roads on the reserve have been improved and considcr- auie progress has been made. Temperance and Morality. — The reserve is so close to the town that the Indians are often tempted, but some improvement is noticeable. 154 DEI'Ain Mi:.\T OF ISDIAX AFF.ilRfi i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 THE KEY BAND. Tribe or Nation. — The Indiaas of this band are also Saulteaux. Reserve. — This reserve contains about 38 square miles, and is situated 20 miles northwest of Kanisack, the Assiniboine river forming the south and west boundaries. The land is very rolling, but has some good spruce and tamarack timber on it. fart of this reserve is thickly covered with small poplar, but it also contains large openings of hay and pasture lands, and, being well watered, is adapted for stock- raising. Population. — This band consists of 87 souls. Health and Sanitation. — This band has had the least sickness of any in the agency. The rubbish that gathers around their houses is cleaned up and burned every year. Dr. Wallace attends to all calls from this reserve also. Occupations. — Farming, stock-raising and hunting are the only resources of this hand. Building-s. — Much improvement has been made here, and several up-to-date liouses have been built, as well as stables. Stock. — These Indians always provide well for their stock, and have brought them through the winter with small losses. Farm Implements. — These Indians have almost all necessary implements, and are buying all needed from their own resources. Education. — The children from here are sent to the Crowstand, St. Phillips and Gordons boarding schools, where they receive good training. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are improving in work and stock- raising, and are law-abiding and' industrious. Temperance and Morality. — No cases were reported from this band of intoxi- cation or immorality. KEESEEKOOSE BAND. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians are also Saulteaux. Reserve. — This reserve contains 28 square miles and lies 9 miles north of Kam- sack, between the Duck mountains on the east and the Assiniboine river on the wast. This reserve has good farm and hay lands, as well as valuable timber. Population. — The last census showed 133 in this band. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of this band has been good. There was no serious epidemic, and prompt attention to every case, by Dr. Wallace, has X^revented any fatalities except those of some old standing cases of tuberculosis. Occupations. — These Indians are slowly increasing the acreage of crops and working to better advantage. Several continue as hunters. Considerable wood and hay was sold by this band. Buildings. — There is also a noticeable improvement in the houses and stables of this reserve. Stock. — All stock has wintered well and few losses are reported. The Indian.s of this band, with a few exceptions, are good at providing hay for their stock. Farm Implements. — These Indians are well supplied with necessary implements, and are annually purchasing all new ones wanted. Education. — St. Phillips boanling school takes in the majority of the childrou from this reserve, and gives them a training in farming and stock-raising as well a: in housework ; Miss Mary O'Donuell has charge of the class-room work. Rev. Father DeCorby and his staff deserve much credit for their lalwurs here. Characteristics and Progress. — This band is trying to advance in farming, and some improvement is apparent. Quite a umnber still cling to the old life of hunt- ing and fishing, but with very poor success this year. Temperance and ^Morality. — There are some in this band who are given to drink- ing intoxicants, but there is much improvement over the past. i TtEI-Olx-rs OF IMIIAX AOEyTS 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 VALLEY Unm BAND. Mr. Overseer Clianl lia^ sent uiuler separate eover a reiiort mi this rcsorvp. There is very much improvement in this hand, but very little farming as yet. Wa look for a start this comiiip- season. GI'.NLRAL l!K>rAl!KS. The past year has been ii very poor one financially for this agenoy, as all crops were frozen, and fnr-bearing animals were very scarce. Yet the Indians have kept (in -^ettinf!; more land ready for next season, and have also made a great inii)rove- ment in their houses and stables. The Indian cattle sold well; some 70 head sold, averaging about $43 each. Besides these they used privately about 20 head for food. I am pleased to be able to report that drinking and immorality are getting les.s, and more progress is noticeable. A first-class steel bridge has been built across the Assiniboine river on Cote reserve, and will be of much service to the band, as the best farm-land is across the river. The Indians have settled on their quarter-sectimis on Cote reserve and have fenced to a great extent with barb wire, and are making their farms into permanent homes, which is a great improvement over the old way of deserting a claim and making a new one eveiy few years. I have, &c., W. a BLEWETT. Indian Agent. Province of Saskatchewan'. Qc'Api'elle Agency, Balcarres, April 17, 1903 Fkank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. C4encral of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on matters in connection with this agency for the year ended March 31, 1909. The Qu'Appelle agency consists of eight reserves, which are as follows: Piapot, No. 75; Muscowpetung, No. 80; Pasqua, No. 70; Standing Buffalo, No. 78; Pee- peekesis. No. 81; Okanees, No. 82; Star Blanket, No. 83, and Little Black Bear, No. 84. I'LVPOT BAND, NO. 75. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band, with but few exceptions, belong to the Cree tribe. Reserve. — This reserve is situated about 32 miles west of Fort Qu'Appelle. It comprises township 20 and part of 21, range 18. west of the 2nd meridian and con- tains about .')0 square miles. The soil is a light sandy loam somewhat stony and badly broken with sloughs and coulees. While this land does not produce a very heavy yield, yet the crojis mat\ire early, thereby escaping early frosts. There is an abund- ance of hay to be had in the Qu'Appelle valley for the cutting, of which the Indians take advantage, putting up sufficient for their cattle and horses, as well as a good quantity for sale, from which a good retiirn for their labour is realized. This reserve ii fairly well wooded with small poplar. 156 DEPARTMENT OF /.AD/A.V AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Population. — The population of this band is 139 souls. Health and Sanitation. — The Indians of this band are, on the whole, healthy. With the exception of a slight epidemic of influenza and a few eases of scrofula and consumption, there has been very little sickness. With very few exceptions these Indians keep their premises clean. Occupations. — Cattle-raising and farming are the principal industries of the band. They take good care of their cattle, from the sale of which, and that beefed for food, a large percentage of their income is derived. There is a fair amount of farming done, but the work on the land has been so far of a rather indifferent nature. They are beginning to realize more fully the advantages to be derived from tilling tie soil, and a steady increase is looked for from year to year. Buildings. — The mud-roofed dwellings on this reserve are being steadily replaced by one and a half story, shingled-roofed houses. Several new dwellings of this stamp have been erected during the year. The stables have log or sod walls with sod roofs carried on poles. These are very comfortable and are fairly clean. Stock. — The stock on this reserve is improving from year to year. There has been a substantial increase in the herd after selling quite a number, as well as having a plentiful supply of fresh beef for their own use. Farm Implements.— -These Indians are fairly well supplied with farm implements, as well as owning a quarter interest in a threshing outfit. Education. — There are two schools within easy reach of this reserve — the Kegina industrial school and the Qu'Appelle industrial school. On the whole, these Indians take an interest in the education of their children. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of this band are fairly industrious, law-abiding, and are making steady progress. Temperance and Morality. — During the year only one ease of intemperance was reported. The morals of these Indians are not of a very high standard. MUSCOWPETUNG BAND, KO. 80. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band are of the Cree and Saulteaux tribes. Reserve. — This reserve is .bounded on the west by Piapot reserve, on the north by tie Qu'Appelle river, and on the east by Pasqua reserve. The soil is heavier than that of Piapot reserve, and yields medium heavy crops in favourable seasons. There is a plentiful supply of hay in the Qu'Appelle valley, a sufficient supply of which they put up for their cattle and horses as well as for sale. This reserve is fairly well wooded with poplar, from the sale of which a fair income is derived. These Indians surrendered some 17.600 acres off the south portion of their reserve last January to be sold. Population. — The population of tlii's band is 75 souls. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians are not very healthy, consumption and scrofula being fairly prevalent. It is almost impossible to get them to take any sanitary precautions. Only in a very few cases are the houses kept clean. Occupations. — Cattle-raising and farming are the principal industries of the band. It requires a good deal of attention to get these Indians to take proper care of their stock. Their farming operations have not amounted to very much so far, but I expect some improvement this year. Buildings. — The dwellings on this reserve are of the mud roof variety, being low, small and poorly ventilated. There are likely to be some new houses built this year, and an effort will be made to have them built on more healthful lines. The stables are of pole, frame walls filled with straw, with sod roofs supported on poles, and are large and comfortable. Stock. — The stock on this reserve is of good grade quality. There has been a sub- stantial increase in the herd after the sale of beef cattle, and having a good supply of fresh beef for their own use. i MEPORTS OF IXDIA^ AGENTS 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Farm Implements.— The.so Indians arc well supplied with farm implements; but of these they take very little care. They also own a quarter intere-st in a thresh- ing outfit. Education.— These Indians take very little interest in the education of their children. A majority of the children of school age attend either the Kegina indus- trial school or the Qu'Apix;llc industrial school. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are very backward and not at all energetic. This may be partially accounted for by the fact that the majority of the men are old or past the prime of life. They earn sufficieut for a good living by the sale of cattle, wood and surplus hay, and by their farming operations. Temperance and Morality. — No eases of intemperance or immorality have been reported during the year. PASQUA BAND, NO. 79. Tribe or Nation. — The members of this band belong principally to the Saulteaux tribe. Reserve. — This reserve lies about 6 miles west of Fort Qu'Appelle, is bounded on the west by Muscowpetung reserve, and on the north by the Qu'Appelle river and lakes. The soil is first-class, comparatively open, yields good crops, and is well wooded. The supply of hay obtainable is not abundant, but sufficient for their needs can be seeured- Population. — The population of the band is 133 souls. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians on the whole enjoy good health. There have been no epidemics or unusual sickness among them during the year. Most of the houses on this reserve are neat and cleanly kept. Occupations. — While these Indians have a large herd of cattle, farming is the principal industry. They are bringing more land under cultivation each year, realizing the fact that to a very great extent farming is the only means whereby they can better their condition, and provide comfortably for themselves. Buildings. — A number of the houses on this reserve are one and a half storeys high, with shingled roofs, are well constructed, well lighted and ventilated. The stables in most cases have log walls with sod roofs. These are, however, gradually disappearing, and are being replaced by larger buildings with shingled roofs. Stock. — These Indians have a c'ood herd of cattle, of which they take fairly good care. After the selling of a number of beef cattle for which good prices were realized, and the beefing of a number for the Indians' own supply of fresh me.at, the herd shows a good increase. Farm Implements. — These Indians are well supplied with farm implements, besides owning a quarter interest in a threshing outfit. Education. — Most of the children of school age attend either the Qu'Appelle in- dustrial school or the Regina industrial school. No difficulty is encountered in get- ting the parents to send their children to school; they take them quite willingly. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are generally industrious and law- abiding. There are a few very good examples of independent farmers among them. A steady progress can be noted on this reserve. Temperance and Morality. — A few cases of intemperance were reported during the year, but I am pleased to say there has been a decrease over the number of cases reported last year. These Indians may be said to be moral. STANDINC Bl'FFAI.O BAND, NO. 78. Tribe or Nation.— These Indians belong to the Sioux or Dakota tribe, formerly resident in the United States. They do not draw treaty money here. Reserve.— This reserve is situated in townships 21 and 22, range 14, west of the second meridian, bounded on the soutli by the Qu'Appelle lakes, and is about 6 miles 158 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 west of Fort Qu'Appflle. The soil is a sandy loam and raises good erops, whicli mature early. Population. — The populatinn of this reserve is about 190 souls. Healtli and Sanitation. — These Indians are particularly free from sickness. There have been no epidemics or unusual .sickness amongst them during the year. They keep their houses and premises neat and clean. Occupations. — These Indians depend almost altogether on farming and wages earned by working out. They keep a small herd of cattle. Buildings. — The class of houses on this reserve is generally of a high order, the Jittle log and sod-roofed hoiises being rapidly replaced by either frame or log with shingled roof, one and a half storeys high, with dormer windows, well lighted and ventilated. The stables are not quite in keeping with the houses, but are warm and comfort- able. This' may be accounted for partly by the fact that there is no building timber on the reserve. Stock. — These Indians can only keep a very small herd of cattle, owing to the fact that their pasture is very limited and the only hay-supply obtainable is by permit on outside lands. What cattle are kept are well cared for. They have a few head of beef cattle to sell each year, as well as supplying fresh meat for their own use. Farm Implements. — These Indians are well supplied with farm implements, owning also a quarter share in a threshing outfit. Education. — These Indians take quite an interest in the education of their child- ren, sending them to school quite freely. Practically all the children of school age attend the Qu'Appelle industrial school. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians arc, generally speaking, very in- dustrious and law-abiding, and are making steady progress. Temperance and Morality. — No cases of intemperance or immorality have come to my notice during the year. FILE HILLS B.\NDS, XOS. 81, 82, 83, 84. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of these bands belong to the Cree tribe. Reserves. — These reserves are situated in townships 21, 22, 23 and 24, ranges 10 and 11, west of the second meridian, about 10 miles north of the towns of Abernethy and Balcarres on the Pheasant Hills branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. With the exception of Peepeekesis reserve, which is quite open, with a good sandy loam soil, the.se reserves are badly limkeu with bluffs and sloughs. An abundant supply of h.ay and wood is obtainable both for their own use and for sale. Population. — These reserves are populated as follows: Star Blanket, 40 souls; Little Black Bear, 56 souls; Okanees, .50 souls, and Peepeekesis, 132 souls. Health and Sanitation. — Apart from consumption and scrofula, which are fairly prevalent, these Indians may be considered healthy. In most cases the premises are cleanly kept. Occupations. — Farming, stock-raising and the sale of wood and hay are the principal industries of the bands. Buildings. — Apart from the colony, where the dwellings and stables are of a high standard, tlie buildings in n.any cases are roomy, one and a half storeys high, with shingled roofs, well lighted and ventilated. Stock. — These Indians have good herds of cattle, which are well cared for, from the sale of which a large ineonie is derived, as well as giving them a plentiful Ruppl.y of fresh meat. Farm Implements. — These Indians are well supplied with farm implements, of which they take good care. Education. — Very little trouble is exitericuccd in getting these Indians to send their children to school, in which they lake (piite an interest. The children attend either the File Hills boarding school or the QuAppelle industrial school. i Tih: pours OF isdia^ AOEyrs 159 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Cbariieteristics and Progress. — Outside of the colony, where induftvy and pro- gress arc very marked, these Indians are fairly industrious. Temperance and Morality. — With the exception of two cases of inteniperaiicf^ reported during- the year, the conduct of these Indian.e as to temperance and morality has been good. GEKERAL 1!K.M.\RKS. Owing to early frosts aud the hot dr.v winds before the full matuvity of the grain, the threshing returns did not show a half crop. This was partially offset by the high market prices, yet it meant the cutting off of a great many of the luxuries indulged in in other years, and a more judicioas spending of their earnings. In spite of the decreased earnings of the Indians, it has not been found necessary to advance assistance; in fact, as -well as providing a good living for themselves, most of their obligations have l)een met. Preparations are being made for an increased acreage under crop this year, and it is to be hoped that their efforts will meet with better succe*? than tliey have in the past two seasons. The advance cash payment on some 22 sections of land surrendered by thti Muscowpetung hand off the southern portion of their reserve was of great assist- ance to these Indians. A number of good liorses. as well as other necessaries, were invested in. I have, &e., H. NICHOL, Indian Ar/ini. Province of Saskatchewan, ToLcinvooii Hills Agency, KuTAWA, April 7. 1009. Frank Pedi.ev, Eso., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report, together with a statistical statement of all government propertv under mv charge, for the fiscal vear ended March 31, liKtO. Tho Touchwood agency consists of five reserves : ifuscowequans, !No. S.5 ; George Gordons. No. 86; Day Stars, No. 87; Poormans. No. 88; and Fishing Lake. No. 89. The agency headquarters is situated on section 1*!. township 28. range 10. west of the second meridian, about 6 miles from the Grand Trunk Pacific railway .station, Punnichy. The government telegrapli office and the Kutawa post office arc located near by. MIS(OWE<ower threshing outfit, and he does the threshing for the band. Education. — There is no school on this reserve. The children attend the Gor- don's and Muscowequan's boarding schools. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians, so far have given no trouble with respect to intemperance or immorality. FISHING LAKE BAND, No. S9. Reserve. — This reserve is situated aboiit 50 miles northeast of the agency headquarters, and comprises an area of 22,080 acres. A portion of this reserve is open prairie, which is well adapted for grain-growing. The remainder is covered with poplar bluffs and hay sloughs. A portion of the Fishing lake is included in this reserve. It is well stocked with jackfish. Tribe. — The Indians ovsning this reserve belong to the Saulteaux tribe. Population. — The population of this reserve is 112. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the tribe was very good during the year. They have derived their living during the winter from hunting and fishing, and only occupied their houses for a short time. Occupations. — These Indians may be said to be just turning their attention to grain-raising as a means of support. They broke up 85 acres of new land last sum- mer, and it has been well prepared for wheat. They also mean to break up some land to be sown in oats this spring. They earned considerable money by fishing, bunting, and sale of fire-wood and willow posts during the winter, and succeeded in making an independent living. Stock. — The cattle on this reserve are of good quality. Ihey were well cared for during the winter and came throiigh in good condition. An ample supply of hay was secured for feed, and a surplus of hay was left over. Farm Implements. — They are adding to their stock of farm implements as they are required. Education. — A day school is in operation on this reserve. The attendance is improving. Temperance and Morality. — A close watch is being kept on the liquor traffic, and no eases were reported. Their moral conduct compares favourably with that of other tribes. GENERAL REMARKS. Tent Hospital. — The tent hospital was in operation during June, July, August ar.d September. Fourteen cases were treated for scrofula, and one operation was i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGENTS 163 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ' ■ ' performed for cancer of the breast, all of which were successfully treated. Nurse- McGowan, a graduate of the Brandon hospital, was in charge, and proved herself to be a very eiScient nurse. Our medical officer, Dr. Phillips, performed the operations. The results obtained from the work performed in this hospital are of a highly satisfactory char- acter. Characteristics and Progress. — The past year has not been a success from a farming poijit of view, as the early frosts spoiled the yield. The Indians, however, have increased their acreage under cultivation, and will try again. The Indians in this agency have supported themselves during the past year, and have reduced their liabilities, which, to my mind, is the be.st evidence of progress. I have, &e., W. MURISON, Indian Agent Province of Saskatchewan. North Saskatchewan Inspectorate, Prince Albert, April 30. 1909. iuANK Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sib, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the inspection of Indian agencies and reserves for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. battleford agency. The staff of this agency includes J. P. G. Day as agent; C. J. Johnson, clerk; K. Jefferson, farmer on Red Pheasant's and the Stony reserves : H. Couture, farmer on Moosomin's reserve; A. Suffern, farmer on Thunderchild's reserve; D. Villebrun, farmer on Sweet Grass reserve ; F. Murphy, farmer on Poundmaker's and Little Pine's reserves; P. C. Morin, overseer of Meadow Lake band; \V. Venne, agent's teamster and interpreter; T. A. Trim, engineer and blacksmith, and S. T. Macadam, M.D., medical attendant. The inspection was made during December and January. The weather was some- what stormy and extremely cold, a condition which, if favourable in no other respect, at least prevented the Indians from going abroad, and so facilitated the work of inspection I found the Indians comfortably housed and securely protected against the in- clemency of the weather. On some of the reserves, notably Sweet Grass and Red Pheasant's, there is also a marked improvement in the order and general appear- ance of the dwellings. Many are shingled and have a room upstairs; several have separate kitchen and living rooms; one or two have stone foundations, and two are lathed and plastered. The work of the ex-pupils of the industrial school and of the boys educated on the reserve is in evidence in these newer buildings, while the influence of the training and instruction received by the girls in the boarding and day schools is ever more ap- I'arcnt in domestic conditions. 27— i— lU 164 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 The health of the Indians of this agency has been rather good during the past year, and the birth-rate slightly exceeds the death-rate. There are at the present time, it is true, a few evident eases of consumption, and others are liable to develop as time goes on, owing to exposure or other accidental causes, but the disease appears to be growing less prevalent as the people are coming to lead healthier lives, to clothe themselves more comfortably, and to provide themselves with a more uniform and -nutritious diet. Eye troubles, resulting in partial or total blindness, have been of rather frequent occurrence. Without hospital conveniences little can be done for these, and the causes, which are for the most part of a constitutional nature, are ■likely to be eradicated only by slow degrees. Although these people continue to support themselves mainly by agriculture and stock-raising, yet the sources from which they derive their income are becoming constantly more varied. Their reserves furnish a large part of the fuel-stipply for the Battlefords and for Paynton. as well as for the several small towns springing up along the new railway lines to the south. Profitable employment is found among the settlers in the breaking of land, harvest- ing, threshing, hauling grain to market, and cutting and hauling house logs and :£ence pickets. Owing to the increasing scarcity of hay and the consequent high jjrices which it commands, a larger quantity is sold by the Indians than heretofore. This, however, has necessitated a reduction of the herds, na farming has not developed to such an extent as to supply any considerable quantity of fodder to take the place of hay. The yield of grain for 1908 was 14,850 bushels, as compared with 11,32(3 bushels in 1907 and 17,160 in 1906. A large number of cattle have been beefed and a large number sold, the decrease from other causes leing very slight. The Indians' horses show an improvement in size and qiuility, and no diminution in number, while tlie owners have drawn a substantial revenue from sales. There were at a recent date 556 head on hand, while there are also 42 head of government -horses in the hands of employees. Pigs and poultry are kept with some profit by a few; wliile a flock of about 100 sheep, kept by two Indians, continues as for some years past to co'iitribute substanti- ally to the support of the owners. The use of liquor among the Indians has, under difficult conditions, been vigor- ously suppressed, and in all respects the moral condition of these bands continues to show a satisfactory improvement. OXIOX LAKE AGENCY. The inspection of the Onion Lake agency was made during February. Though the temperature was low, the weather was not storm.y, and was very favourable for the work. The list of employees is imchanged since ray last inspection, and comprises W. Sibbald as agent; Lang Turner, clerk; T. J. Slater, farmer; Joseph Taylor, engi- neer and general mechanic, John Bangs, agent's teamster and interpreter, and Drs. Matheson and Amos, medical attendants. The office was first examined. All the books and records were found in excel- lent order; and the management of the agency as well as the work of inspection has been greatly facilitated through the care and punctuality with which the duties cf the clerk have been performed. ' Owing to the removal in recent years of several of the most prosperous Indiana ijccn\ tlie reserves at Ojiion Lake to their proper reserves at Frog Lake and Long Xake, which had not been regularly occupied since 1885. many comfortable dwell- ings have been abandoned. The new houses are necassarily small on account of scarcity of lumber; but some of them are well built, and there are indications that i REPORTS OF ISDIAX AOEXTS IBS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 the poorer one^ will soon be replaced by a better class of clwelling- than they liave had at any former time. The people of Long Lake had just completed the cutting of 2.000 spruce logs, a);d arrangements had been made by the agent for cutting these into lumber, a mes>- .-urc which should greatly stimulate the improvement of buildings. Many of the houses are small, and some are not too well lighted: but all are- warm in the severest weather, and the agent has been successful in securing the con- struction of tireplaces in a large number, providing perfect ventilation. When, as in several in.stanees, this condition is combined with general cleanliness, it ren- ders these humble dwellings very cheerful indeed. The mortality of the past year has been light, and has been confined mainly- to children. Towards the beginning of the past winter whooping-cough spread throughout these bands. The Indians are aware of the danger arising from exposure 1o cold and draughts in the case of this disease, and under competent medical direc- tion succeeded in most cases in protecting the patients and bringing them to a safe recovery. But the severity of the cold of January was an unfavourably con- dition, and on my tour of the reserves I found four eases of bronchitis or pneu- monia that appeared to have resulted from this disease, and were likely to prove fatal. Keeeutly. under Dr. !Matheson"s direction, a hospital has been fitted up ar.d etpiippcd in connection with the Church of England mission at Onion Lake, and a trained nurse has been emploj'ed. A substantial benefit has already been realized frem this institution in the treatment of s^urgical and other cases that particularly requir.'! hospital facilities. It may be mentioned, as a matter of general interest, that for the past ten years the birth-rate shows a decided excess over the death-rate among both Cree and Chipewyan bands of this agenc.v. The past year shows a marked advance in agriculture, the total grain product being 40 per cent larger than for 1006. which again was somewhat better than any other seai-on in the past ten years. In the matter of quality also last season's wheat was not too had. while the entire oat crop was well matured, a fairly pure sample, and ranged from 40 to 48 pounds to the bushel. The reserves remote from the agency headquarters are as yet badly handicapped through the lack of threshing facilities. The crop of roots and vegetables was also good, consisting of 1,666 bushels of potatoes, 532 bushels of turnips, 1T9 bushels of carrots and S-l bushels of onions, in addition to small quantities of other garden products. Cattle-raising c(uitinues to yield a fair profil. especially on the Long Lakf> reserve, where there are superior facilities. On the reserve at Onion Lake, the per- manent success of the industry depends iipon the production of a large quantity of feed upon the farms, as the supply of wild hay is quite inadequate. A great many open sheds were constructed last season, affording shelter for almost all cattle not actually stabled. This is a great improvement, as comi>ared with the cruel practice of leaving cattle exposed to all the severity of the winter, without other protection than the naked wall of a corral, a wasteful practice also, as it involves the use of considerably more feed and yields but poor results.. There continues to be a heavy loss of cattle through straying, and the fencing of the iangf.s is an urgent necessity. mCK L.\KE .ACENCV. The inspection of the Duck Lake agency was made during ^Mareh. Conditions were, in every respect, favourable for the work; the temperature was moderate, sleigh- ing was excellent and the Indians were mostly found at home. The list of agency employees comprise.*: J. ilacarthur as agent: J. H. Price, clerk; Henry Gardipie, team.ster and interpreter; Louis Marion, farmer on Beardy's and 166 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIIifi I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Okemahsis' reserve; Maxiiiie Lepine, farmer on One Arrow's reserve; Peter Camp- bell, farmer on John Smith's reserve; John McCloy, farmer on James Smith's reserve; P. J. Hamilton, officer in charge of Kinistino and Nut Lake reserves, and Doctors IT. A. L. Reid, N. H. Touchette and M. S. Hawke, medical attendants. Owing to Mr. Marion's age and infirmity, the actual supervision of Beardy's and Okemahsis' bands devolves entirely upon the agent. Throughout this agency also the health of the Indians has been good. In the fall diphtheria was discovered on John Smith's reserve, but through effective quaran- tine and skilful attendance its spread was prevented and no deaths resulted. Among the Cree bands of this agency the average birth-rate for tlie past ten years exceeds the average death-rate by 4 in 1,000, and the birth-rate for the past year exceeds the death-rate by S in 1,000. Consumption has still been the most fatal disease among adults, while colds, resulting in bronchitis and pneumonia, have carried off many infants. On John Smith's and James Smith's reserves the dwellings show a further de- cided improvement, and are now, with but a few exceptions, well built and properly finished, large enough and well lighted. They are also, as a rule, comfortably and conveniently furnished and well kept. Indeed, in these respects some of them afford little room for criticism. The most marked improvement in house-building, as well as in housekeeping, is observed in the southern part of James Smith's reserve, oc- cupied by people of the former Chakastapasin band, and is evidently due to the influence of the day school, which has been in existence here for about six years. On the other reserves progress, though not entirely wanting, is not so visible. The one-roomed, sod-roofed shanty is still in the majority, but even under such condi- tions the influences of education are gadually becoming apparent in the cleanline.s3 and comfort of these primitive-looking dwellings, and in the clothing, manners and speech of the occupants. Farming is a long-established industry on most of these reserves. The area cul- tivated is, however, not large, and the total yield of grain for last season was 14:,278 bushels, as compared with 6,124 in 1907, and 18,643 in 1906. The cattle industry continues to yield a good profit to the Indians, and the strength of the herd is practically unchanged, being 1,025 head on March 31. On most of the reserves the supply of hay proved sufficient, notwithstanding the length of the feeding season. In some instances a considerable quantity was sold. As John Smith's reserve is but 15 miles from Prince Albert, where hay always com- mands a good price, it is no longer profitable on this reserve to winter stock cattle on hay. The Indians' horses are being steadily improved through the use of sires of a good class, but they number only 275 throughout the agency, and barely meet the requirements of the owners for work. Sheep, pigs or poultry are kept by many; in some instances very profitably. Most of the Indians milk cows during a portion of the year, and in the butter- making season I have examined milk-houses that were kept in excellent order and would be a credit to any farm. There are two cream-separators in use, purchased, of course, by the Indians themselves. In traversing these reserves one observes, here and there, signs of advancement that are quite remarkable. During the inspection I found it convenient along with the agent to take dinner and to feed at an Indian's house. The team was properly housed and fed .with the best hay and grain. The food provided for our meal was well prepared and wholesome ; the bread, butter, meat and eggs being of home produc- tion. The table linen and other table ware were complete, anties into the Bow river within 10 miles of its eastern boundary. lu the southwestern portion of the reserve the two Arrowhead creeks rise, and, flowing northerly, also empty into the Bow river. On both the north and south sides of the Bow are ridges of sandy dunes. Some scrub and small timber grow on these sandy dunes and along the river and creeks. The banks average about 150 feet in height, in some places gradually sloping for a mile or so back of the river, but in other places they are quite perpen- dicular. The valley consists, not only of the river bed, but at intervals of fertile valleys and plains, covered with scrub or heavy timber. The uplands on both sides of tlie Bow are rolling prairie, broken in places by ponds, and forming an ideal stock range. Population. — The population of the reserve at annuity isajTiients in ^November, last, was 802, being a decrease of 9 for the year. Health and Sanitation. — A few of the pupils in the Old Sun's boarding school suffered from a mild attack of small-pox, but all the cases were successfully handled, and the disease did not spread beyond the school. Later on, measles broke out in the Crowfoot boarding school and on the reserve. The patients both in school and on the reserve came through without any fatal results ; but towards spring a severe form of influenza or grippe was prevalent both on and off the reserve, and the after-effect of the measles amongst those outside of the school, together with this last epidemic, was the cause of a number of deaths, principally small children. At present date there are a good many living in their tents and cleaning up and burning up all refuse matter surrounding their houses, applying limewash liberally inside and on log walls outside as well, doors and windows left open, and by the middle of the next month practically the whole band will be under canvas. Characteristics and Progress. — There is a hospital containing two wards at the North Blackfoot camp, a resident doctor and two nurses in charge. The hospital is under the auspices of the Church of England, but open to all Indians on the reserve. They are doing a good work, and it is of great benefit to the band. Progress. — These Indians' facilities for earning money are numerous aud increas- ing rapidly both on and off the reserve. The sale of coal from their mines amounted to over $25,000 for the past fiscal year, and everything points to a large increase this coming year. The hay industry is good, in fact they are unable to supply the demand. Last year their hay contracts, together with their sales off the reserve, amounted to over $8,000. They sold 3(X) ponies, and their beef sales amounted to $5,014.88. _ They supply themselves with all necessary implements, tools, harness and lumber. A number of frame houses have been erected during the year, and numer- ous minor improvements made on old houses and stables. Temperance and Morality. — As mentioned in my report last year, on account of the numerous towns and villages in close proximity to the reserve the temptations are greater and the facilities for procuring intoxicants increasing, and although our scout and the officer of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police are constantly on th^ watch, the Indians succeed in getting liquor, and it is a most difficult matter to secure a conviction against the person or persons supplying it, as the average Indian will go to jail and do extra time in preference to informing. Morally, I had but one case come before me during the year, and in conclu- sion would consider these Indians as a body moral anil law-abiding. I have, &c., J. 11. C.OODERUAM, Indian Agent. 172 DEPARTMENT OF IM)IA\ AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Province of Alberta^ Blood Agency, MacleoDj June 6, 1909. Frank Pedley^ Esq., Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of this agency for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909, together with the usual statement of agricultural Piid industrial statistics and inventory of government property. Tribe. — The Blood Indians are the principal branch of the Blackfoot nation or family in the great Algonkian linguistic stock. The Blackfoot nation consists of the Blood, Blackfoot and Peigan tribes, located in Alberta, and a subdivision of the last-named tribe known as the South Peigans, who are United States Indians located in Montana immediately south of the international line. These three tribes, with their allies the Gros Ventres and Sarcees, formed the Blackfoot confederacy, a powerful combination which for a century held by force of arms against all comers an extensive territory reaching from the Mis.^ouri river north to the Bed Deer, and from the Rockies east beyond the Cypress hills. The protection of their vast territory against invasion imposed upon these Indians a life of almost constant war- fare with the numerous enemies that surrounded them on all sides, and developed in the iX'ople a i>roud and imperious spirit which after 28 years of reservation life i? still the prominent characteristic of the Bloods. Reserve. — The Blood reserve is situated between the Belly and St. !Mary rivers, and from the forks of these streams runs in a southern direction for about 40 miles to within 14 miles of the international boundary. It contains an area of 540 square miles, or some 354,000 acres, of splendid land. The two rivers form the boundary line on the north, east and west sides, and furnish an abundant supply of fresh, clear water. The south boundary is fenced with a line of barbed wire fencing 15 miles long. There is no building timber upon the reserve, but the river bottoms in places have a fair growth of cotton-wood and willow, which form good shelter for cattle during cold weather. This is the largest Indian reservation in the Dominion. Population. — The population of the reserve at the annuity payments last Novem- ber was 1,174, being a decrease of 4 for the year. The birth-rate was 42 per 1,000 and the death-rate 47. Health and Sanitation. — Last fall we had an outbreak of scarlet fever, followed by an epidemic of measles, and though every reported case was quarantined, there W'ere many deaths among the children. As these epidemics occurred after the an- nuity payments, the mortality connected with them will not be fully ascertained until the annual census is taken in October immediately before the next payment, and will be shown in the next report. There is a good and commodious hospital on the reserve, sustained by the govern- ment, and in charge of the Roman Catholic Sisters of Charity, where attention is given to patients requiring hospital treatment, the institution being regularly visited by the physician provided by the department. Tuberculosis, that scourge of the Indian race, in its two forms of scrofula and consumption of the lungs, is responsible for much of the sickness that occurs on this reservation. For the handling of this and other infectious and contagious diseases we have an isolation hospital, containing two small wards and a nurses' room. Occupations. — The principal occupations of the Bloods are cattle-raising, farm- ing, haymaking and freighting. The effort in the direction of farming inaugurated i nEI'OUT.s OF IXniAX AOEXTS ■ 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 in I'JOT was rewarded with complete sureess, a first-class crop beius harvested last fall on all of the 600 acres seeded to fall wheat, with the result that the aRgresate earnings of the tribe were much increased. From one source and another, including" beef and farm jsroducts, these Indians earned over $68,000 during the year. The Indian named Black-horses still operates the coal mine on the St. Mary river which he has been working for many years, and from which he derives an income sufficient for the support of his large family. Stock.- — Owing to the exceptional grazing capabilities of this magnificent reserva- tion, it has long been recognized that in connection with the cattle industry lies a great hope for the future of these Indians, a belief that is encouraged by the natural fondness of the plains Indians for live stock. Being convinced that in the owner- ship of large herds of cattle will be found a solution of most of the problems with which we have to contend in connection with their management, the department 7or some years furnished annually a number of heifers, which were issued to the Indians in a special eft'ort to make cattle-owners of such members of the tribes as could with safety be intrusted with the care of horned stock. This work is not finished, as there are still many young Indians to be given the necessary start, but the showing to date is quite satisfactoiy. At the last round-up we branded 1,6C7 calves and carefully counted the whole herd, which was found to number 7,348 head. In the management of these cattle special attention has been given to the matter of quality, which has entailed the purchase and maintenance of an expensive herd of thoroughbred bulls, numbering at the present time 146 head. A few are (Jalloways, but most of the older bulls are Shorthorns, while most of the young animals pur- chased in recent .years are Herefords. All these bulls are pedigreed stock. Some we bought in Ontario and Manitoba, but the best and cheapest bulls arc those purchased by the department at the annual public auction sale of thoroughbred cattle held at Calgary under the direction of the Department of Agriculture. Like most Indians of the plains, the Bloods own considerable numbers of native horses, and in order to improve their quality the department keeps on the reservation 37 stallions, which arc loaned out to the Indians under appropriate conditions. While the cattle-owning members of the tribe have for five years rai.sed all the beef required for the consumption of the whole tribe, they never sold an.y beef ani- mals to outsiders until last fall, when two sales were made, both to Messrs. Batcr and McLean, of Winnipeg*. The first shipment of 102 head of prime export steers brought the record figure of $65 per head, and these were exported to Liverpool, where the beef was much admired and is said to have sold for half a cent more per pound than any other beef then on the market, which speaks well for the quality of Blood Indian cattle. The second shipment of 100 head was of inferior quality to the first lot, but sold for $55 per head, which was also a high figure. All these steers were, of course, range-bred animals that had never had any feed other than the grass on the prairie of the reservation. 'Education and Religion. — In connection with this agency the department supports two boarding schools, one in charge of the Church of England and the other the Koman Catholic Church. From the latter school and from the reserve direct are obtained recruits for the industrial school at High River. In religious belief and practice the Bloods are mostly pagan. Progress. — The nuirvellous success with which the extensive growing of wheat has been attended in recent years in tliis part of the province having established the practicability of adding that industry to the occupations of the Bloods, it was decided to go actively into farming in 1907. As the Bloods are a large community, any work undertaken by them must be on a fairly large scale to be worth while. It was, therefore, thought advisable to place under immediate cultivation a large acreage, and, as the initial work of breaking the sod is too heavy for Indian horses to accomplish, except in a limited way, the Indians, upon the advice of the writer, 174 DEPABTMEM OF JNDIAN AFFAIRti i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 (leeided to purchase with tribal funds a first-class steam ploughing outfit, con- sisting of a 32 horse-power traction engine and a ten furrow engine gang plough, fhe intention being to use the steam rig for breaking only, all subsequent work to be done by the Indians with horses. The machinery was put in operation in the spring of 1907, and 820 acres were broken up and issued to fifteen Indians, who. after thoroughly disking the land, seeded in the month of August an average of 40 acres each with fall wheat, the rest being reserved for oats in the following spring, making 820 acres for the initial crop. The wheat made a good fall growth ; came nicely through the winter, and was ready for cutting before the end of July. A 40-60 threshing-machine having been purchased with tribal funds, to be operated by our large traction engine, stook threshing was begun in August, each Indian's farm being threshed separately, the spout of the separator emptying direct into portable granaries, of which each farmer had one or two, according to the bulk of his crop. From the 60 acres 23,000 bushels of No. 1 Red were threshed ; the largest individual yield being that of Emile Bull Shield, who got 48 bushels to the acre. At the con- clusion of the threshing the wheat was sold, hauled 10 or 12 miles to a siding on the reserve and shipped to Fort William, the twenty cars being loaded in thirty days. Out of the proceeds of the crop each Indian paid back to the trust fund all advances that had been made to him, including cost of breaking land, seed, fencing, granaries; and after all settlements each had a very substantial balance to his credit in the bank, where considerable of it still is. Chief Running Antelope, who bought out one of the other Indians while the crop was growing and thus harvested 80 acres, had a cash balance of $1,309.46 after paying all debts or advances of .every nature. Emile Bull Shield came next, with a similar net balance of $1,203.59. Tallow took third place, with clear profits of $1,200.81, and the others retained balances of varying amounts according to their crop. The money was in the case of most individuals well spent, in the erection of new dwellings, the purchase of horses, new wagons, harness and other articles of lasting benefit. Those of the farmers who were not already self-supporting became so after the sale of their grain. While this wheat crop of 1908 was growing, the steam ploTi^hing outfit broke up two other blocks of land, containing a little over 400 acres each, which were divided into fourteen farms, issued to that number of Indians, disked and seeded by them, and, though these crops did not show as good growth last fall as those of the pre- vious year, the grain is now growing well, and a good yield is expected. This year the traction plough is again in operation and at the date of writing has broken an additional 400 acres, bringing the cultivated area up to 2,000 acres, which will doubtless be materially increased before the end of the season. The inten- tion is to continue the breaking until every working Indian on the reserve is sup- l^lied with whatever acreage he is capable of cultivating, there being, of course, a great difference in what individuals can handle. Under the system adopted, these farms are located in groups to facilitate " the use of the steam plough, which works to better advantage on a long furrow of a mile or more, to permit economy in implements, and to enable the supervision to be done with greater ease and by less men than would be possible were the farms scattered all over the reserve. Thus, while the first fifteen farms are adjoining one another in B solid block, there is no community of interest except in the ownership of the joint fence that was built by the fifteen Indians to inclose the whole area, and in the \ise of implements. Each man owns his own farm, and, after it is once broken for him, works it individually without having any interest in the work or produce of any of the adjoining farms. The general policy of placing each Indian upon his own resources as soon as they are suflScient for the sustenance of himself and family, has been steadily maintained, with the result that those of the Bloods who are entirely self-supporting now number 301, and n large number are semi-self-supporting. i REPORTS OF INDIAX AdENTS 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Temperaiife and Morality. — The ease with which these Indian.s can procure whisky and other intoxicants in the neighbouring towns of Macleod, Lethbridge and Cardston, is exceedingly detrimental to the welfare of the people, and a matter of continual worry to those in charge of them. T have, (tc, E. N. WILSON, Indian Agenl. Province of Alberta, Edmonton Agency, Edmonton, May 31, 1909. Frank Pedley^ Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir. — I have the honour fo submit the annual report of this agency for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Enoch's band, no. 135. Reserve. — This reserve is situated about 8 miles west of Edmonton, and contains an area of 19,520 acres, all inclosed with a substantial post and wire fence. The soil is rich and easily brought under cultivation. It yields abundantly, and is unusually free from hail and summer frosts. It is plentifully supplied with wood and water, and natural meadows afford pasturage and hay. It is underlaid with coal, and where mines can be easily opened and economically operated. Good markets are at the door, and railways connect it with both oceans. Population. — The population at the last annuity payments was 116. Health and Sanitation. — During the past summer the health of this band was good; but during the winter there was much trouble with tuberculosis. Occupations. — Farming and stock-raising are the principal occupations of the band; and between whiles working in the timber, picking wild fruit, and freighting for the railway companies, bring them in quite a little money. Stock. — There was a fairly good increase in the stock this year, but the foals from the brood mares were few, as some of the mares slipped their foals owing to the hard winter they experienced. The winter last past was a hard one and much prolonged, so there was a shortage of feed for stock in the spring. No killing of cattle without leave came under my notice during the year. Most of the horses of this band had the prevailing epidemic, iiiflueuza, and two succumbed. Implements. — The Indians of this band are well supplied with implements of nil kinds, and they take very good care of them. They also use them to very good advantage. Buildings. — Great improvement has been made along this particular line, some good and substantial houses having been built during the year, also one good im- plement-shed and two stables. Characteristics and Progress. — Most of these Indians are law-abiding and indus- trious, and are making good headway in the improvement of their condition. ; Temperance and Morality. — With few exceptions they are temperate and moral. Education. — These Indians are, I regret to say, not in favour of sending their children to schcol, but this prejudice will, I hope, be overcome in the course of time. 176 DEPMnMKXT or /.VD/.1.V AFlAIRf! i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 iiiCHKr/s BAxn. xo. 132. Reserve. — The reserve of tliis haiu] lies' 7 iiiile.s west of St. Albert. It has an area of 15,732 -25 acres, which is partly fenced. It is good farming land and carrie.'? enough timber for the needs of the band. Population. — The population at last annuity payments was 92. Occupations. — These Indians are nearly all farmers, and very successful ones, too. Their constant association with the white settlers has taught them much in the farming line, as they have copied their methods of operation. Health. — With the exception of an epidemic of measles last year, these Indians are veiy fi'ee from any sickness. Buildings. — In the matter of buildings there is no great improvement since last report. Albert Callihoo has built a very good granary. All these Indians are very comfortably housed. Implements. — This band is well fitted out with all kinds of implements, and good care is taken of them. Education. — An unusual interest is taken in education by these Indians, and it is the exception and not the rule for their children to be away from a school. Most of them are at the St. Albert school, whilst the others are at Dunbow. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are well advanced and are making their way without much help from the government. Their present condition is such as to make them perfectly comfortable. Temperance and Morality. — In botli these matters, for Indians, they have a high standard. Alexander's band. Reserve. — This lies about 4 miles north of Michel's, and contains 17,691 acres. It consists of open undulating prairie and rolling timbered country, most of it adapted for agriculture. It is all inclosed with a good post and wire fence. Population. — At last treaty payments these Indians numbered 167. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this baud is fairly good. Occupations. — The principal occupation of these Indians is hunting and trap- ping, which brings them quite a little money in the season. As farmers they are not V great success, but a start has been made, and there are about 100 acres now under cultivation. Stock. — They have no interest in the care of stock. Since last year there have been no cases of killing cattle without leave. Buildings. — Some new buildings have been put up since last year, and some of the old ones have been improved. Implements. — So far as their needs are concerned, these Indians have the neces- sary implements to do all the work their energy in that direction demands. They take good care of what they have. Education. — Little, if any, interest has been taken in education, but latterly tiiey have been a little better in this respect. Progress and Characteristics. — As hunters these Indians have lived, and it is hard to change tliem; but as the game is now getting scarce, it is to be expected that they will sooner or later settle down to a life on their reserve. During last year they broke about 80 acres of new land, and are making preparation for further work of the same nature this year. This is a move in the right direction and will meet with encouragement from me. Temperance and iiorality. — Intemperance is, 1 tliink, on the doci'ease on this reserve, but their morality is not of as high an order as it might be. i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGENTS 177 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Joseph's band. The reserve of this band is situated at Lac Ste. Anne, and has an area of 14,720 acres, three-fourths being covered with spruce and poplar timber, and the remainder being hay, prairie and bottom laud. Population. — The population is 155. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians are fairly healthy. Occupations. — Hunting and trapping are their only true occupations. In the suninior they put up enough hay for their stock in the winter. Stock.— Their stock is not numerous, but for those that they have they provide, so far as feed goes, but for shelter they depend on the trees. The feeding is done in corrals. Education. — These Indians are averse to educating their children; they therefore are not sending many to school. Progress and Characteristics. — Being nomads, it is not to be expected that a great deal of progress will be made on their reserve or in their mode of living, but with the disappearance of game perhaps they will become as good workers as other bands in this agency. Temperance and Morality. — Liquor is still u>ed by many members of the band, and when this i- the case the morals are not very good. pail's band. Reserve. — Paul's resei've is situated on the east side of the White \Vhale lake, and contains 20,37.'? acres, all inclosed with a post and wire fence. It is well suited for farming and grazing. About one-quarter is good grazing land, and the rest is timbered with spruce and poplar. Population. — At last annuity payments these Indians numbered 147. Health and Sanitation. — Tuberculosis is veYy apparent here, and most of the fatalities are attributabl* to this disease. Occupations. — Hunting, trapping and a little farming are the chief occupations. Buildings. — Most of the buildings are of log construction and can be much improved. Stock. — As a rule provij?ion is made for stock, and fair care is bestowed on it. Implements. — For all present requirements their outfit of implements is sufficient. Education.— Ifo interest has been taken in the education of the children of this band by their parents; but lately a few children went to the Red Deer school, and it is to be hoped, now that a start has been made, others will follow suit. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are not very easily handled, but tliey are fairly industrious and should with care and good counsel develop into good workers. Temperance and Moralit.v. — Like all Indians who can get it, they drink liquor; but most of the drinking is done off the reserve. They are fairly moral. GENERAL REM.VRKS. The new office was painted during the year, as also were the clerk's anil the inter- preter's houses. On the whole I think I may safely say that the Indians of all the different reserves are showing a decided tendency for advancement, which will be more notice- able as time goes on. I have, kc, URBAIN VERREAU, Indian Agent 27— i— 1^ I 178 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Province of Alberta, HoBBEMA Agency, PONOKA, April ], 1909. Prank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report on the affairs of this agency for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Reserves. — Hobbema agency is prettily situated on the left bank of the Battle river, about 10 miles down from the town of Ponoka, and 5 miles south of Hobbema siding on the Calgary and Edmonton railway. This agency comprises the following reserves, which adjoin and practically form one large reserve, with an area of nearly 89,500 acres. The Calgary and Edmonton railway runs through the reserve diagonally for 15 miles. Samson's reserve, no. 137. About a quarter of a mile south of Hobbema siding is the north boundary line of Samson's reserve. This reserve extends easterly to the Battle river, southerly about 4 miles and westerly about 3 miles, and contains 29.980 acres. ermineskin's reserve, no. 138. This reserve, which includes that of Louis Bull's, covers an area of 39,360 acres; it has the north boundary line of Samson's reserve for its southern boundary, and extends northerly to the 46th township line, THE WOXTANA or BOBTAIL RESERVE, NO. 139. This reserve lies to the south of Samson's and the Battle river, and extends southerly to a paralled line which brings the southwest corner to within 3 miles of the town of Ponoka. The reserve comprises 20,160 acres. REMARKS APrLVlNG TO ALL RESERVES. The surface of these reserves consists of rolling prairie, swamps and lakes, with 8 small quantity of scattered timber of sufBcient size for cutting into lumber and for building purposes. At the northwest corner of the reserve, bordering on Bear's Hill lake and at the opposite side of the reserve at the southeast corner bordering on Battle lake, are extensive hay meadows. About 40 miles from the agency head- quarters there is a small reserve of 4,800 acres, lying to the south of Pigeon lake, and solely for the u.se of Indian fishermen within the jurisdiction of this agency. Tribe. — These Indians are nearly all Crees. Population. — The population at the last anuity payments was 770. Health and Sanitation. — There have been no serious epidemics amongst the In- dians during the year, and the general health has been good. There were several deatlis in the winter, due to influenza and tuberculosis. The usual precautions were taken with reference to the burning up of refuse around the buildings in the spring; and the whitewashing of the houses in tlie fall. i REPORTS OF IXDIAN AGEXTS 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 There is no resident physician, but Dr. Eobertson, of Wetaskiwiii, is the medical attendant when required, and promptly responds when any call is made for his ser- vices. Occupations. — The two main resources are mixed farming and stock-raising. The occupations of these Indians have been varied and numerous. During the summer about 119,000 feet of lumber was sawn for them, for their own use on the reserve, and this winter those requiring lumber again hauled a number of saw-logs to the mill. The sale of 409 tons of hay, and 8,825 bushels of grain, by individual Indians, in the towns of Ponoka and Wetaskiwin, assisted them in living. A few engage in hunting during the months of April and November, but the game and fur has been scarce, and the prices secured for pelts high. The fishing at Pigeon lake, which has generally been a source of income to a number of families for a portion of the year, was very poor as compared with previous yeavsi, Otiiers find occupation in working for and in clearing bush-land for settlers. Buildings. — The following improvements were made by the Indians during the year: 20 new houses, 21 new stables, and 6 sheds. Stock. — There is an abundance of good pasture and grass on the reserve, and the Indians secured a sufficient quantity for winter use and some for sale. The stock wintered well. The winter season has been unusually long and the weather cold. Farm Implements. — There is a verj- fair supply of fann implements on this reserve, and during the year the Indians purchased the following articles: 8 wagons, 2 mowers, 1 binder, 2 horse-rakes, 8 sets of double harness, 5 saddle.?, and 1 bob- sleigh. Education. — The boarding school, imder the management of the Roman Catholic mission, is situated on Ermineskin's reserve, near Hobbema siding. The attendance throughout the year has been good, and the pupils have made satisfactory progress in iheir education and industrial studies. The school is well equipped, and the moral and religiou.s training of the children is carefully attended to. The Indians of this agency are very indifferent with regard to sending their children to school. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are beginning to realize that they will have to depend more in future on farming as a means of earning their liveli- hood. They have increased their acreage by breaking up new land, and several old rail fences have been replaced with barb-wire. The people are peaceable and law- abiding. Temperance and Morality. — During the year there were a few cases of intem- perance amongst the Indians, but on the whole 1 think there is an improvement over previous years. The moralily is fair. GENERAL REMARKS. A new frame stable, 28 by 48 feet» was erected at the agency headquarters during ihc summer I have, &c., GEO. O. MANN, Indian Ayenf 27— i— .2i 180 DEPAh'TMEXT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Provincc of Alberta, Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Lesser Slave Lake. October 1, 1008 Frank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa Sir, — I liave the honour to submit my annual report for the five months ending September 30. 190S. Agency. — The agency headquarters was established at the west end of Lesser Slave lake in May last. This is the most convenient point at present for all con- cerned. The agency comprises the following bands : Sucker Creek, Keenooshayo's, Peace River Landing, Dunvegan, Yermilion. Little Red River. Wabiskaw, Whitefish Lake and Sturgeon Lake. SUCKER CREEK BAND. Reserve. — This reserve borders on the west side of Lesser Slave lake, and con- tains 9,000 acres. A part of this reserve is covered with poplar and spruce timber, the rest being hay meadows and good agricultural land. Population. — At the last annual payments there were 104 Indians in this band. Health and Sanitation. — There are some cases of tuberculosis in this band, but there have been no outbreaks of contagious diseases. The members of this band were vaccinated this summer. Occupations. — The members of this band raise cattle and hunt and fish. Buildings. — The Indians have comfortable log houses. Stock. — The cattle on this reserve are well looked after and are in good condition. Parm Implements. — This liand has a supply of farm implements. L'ducation. — Some of the eluldrcn attend tlie Roman Catholic mission school at Lesser Slave Lake. - Characteristics and Progress.- -These Indians are gi-adually progressing, thoir cattle are increasing in numbers, and they are beginning to garden. Temperance and Morality. — This land is temperate and, I believe, moral. keenoshayo's band. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the south side of Lesser Slave lake, and contains 14,000 acres. It is about equal open country and timber. The land is excel- lent for agriculture. There is enough large timber for the Indians' uses. Population. — At the last annual payments there were 142 Indians in this band. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians are healthy, and have suffered from no epidemics this year. Occupations. — This band has cattle, and this year planted a few acres of oats and potatoes. Fishing and hunting are the principal industries. Buildings. — These Indians have good log house-s, clean and well ventilated. Farm Implements. — They have a supply of farm implements. Education. — There is no school on the reserve, but some of the children attend the mission boarding schools at Lesser Slave Lake. Characteristics and Progress. — The members of this band are progressing. They are quiet and law-abiding. Their stock is increasing. i REPORTS OF IXDIAN AGESTSl 181. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Stock. — These Indians have a number of cattle. They are well cared for and in good condition. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moraL PEACE RHEU LANDING BAND. Eeserve. — This reserve is situated on the north bank of the Peace river, 10 miles from Peace River Landing. It contains 5,000 acres of open flat land, excellent for farming and stock-raising. Population. — At the last annual payments there were 60 Indians in this band. Occupations. — This band derives its living from hunting and fishing and working on the river boats. Stock. — These Indians have horses and a few cattle. Buildings. — They have comfortable, clean log dwellings. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians are free from epidemics. There is some tuberculosis amongst them. Education. — The children attend the Roman Catholic and (.'hurch of England mission schools near the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — The members of this band are law-abiding and industrious and are progressing. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate, and their morals are good. DUNVEGAN BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the north side of the Peace river, 20 miles from Dunvegan, and contains 12,000 acres. A small part is timbered, but it is largely open country, and is excellent for farming and pasturage. Population.: — At the last annual payment there were 114 Indians in this band. Occupations. — These Indians live by fishing and hunting. Stock. — They are the owners of some good horses. Buildings. — A few members of this band are now building log houses. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band is good. Education. — There is no school on the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are peaceable and law-abiding, ^'hey are slowlj,' progressing. Temperance and iforality. — This band is temperate and moral. \-ERMILION BAND. Reserve. — This band has not yet chosen a reserve. These Indians hunt on the lower Peace river. Population. — The population of this band is 348. Occupations. — Hunting and fishing are the chief occupations of these Indians. Stock. — They have some horses. Buildings. — Some of these Indians have log houses. Health and Sanitation. — They are healthy and have had no epidemics. Education. — Some of the children attend the mission schools. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are quiet and law-abiding. They are good hunters. Temi)crance and .Morality. — They are temperate, and their morals are good. RED RIVER BAND. Reserve. — This band has not taken a reserve yet. They hunt along -the Red river. Population. — The population of this band is 74. 182 DEPARTMEXT OF /.VD/.IV AFFAIRfi i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 : Occupations. — Hunting and fishing are the chief occupations of these Indians. Stock. — They have some horses. Buildings. — Most of these Indians live in teepees; a few have log houses. Health and Sanitation. — There are some cases of tuberculosis and scrofula among these Indians. Education. — There is no school in this district. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are quiet and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and their morals are good. WABISKAW BAND. Eeserve. — These Indians have no reserve at present. They hunt about the Wabiskaw lakes. Population. — This band numbers 241. Occupations. — These Indians live by hunting and fishing. Stock. — This band has some horses. Buildings. — Most of these Indians have log houses. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band is good. Education. — A number of the Indian children attend the Anglican and Roman Catholic mission schools. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are good hunters and very quiet. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate, and their morals are good. WHITEFISH LAKE BAND. Eeserve. — This band will have a reserve surveyed this fall near Whitefish lake. Population. — This band numbers 87. Occupations. — These Indians are hunters and fishermen. Stock. — This band owns a few horse.s. Buildings. — These Indians have good log houses. Education. — A number of the children attend the school of the English Church mission. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are quiet and law-abiding, an^l good hunters. They are progressing slowly. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. STURGEON LAKE BAND. Reserve.^This band is having a reserve surveyed this fall on the banks of Stur- geon lake. Population. — The population of this band is 168. Occupations. — This band lives by hunting and fishing. Stock. — They have a number of horses and a few head of cattle. Buildings. — This band has a number of comfortable log houses. Health and Sanitation. — The members of this band are very healthy. They have had no epidemics this year. There is very little tuberculosis among them. Education. — A number of the children are being educated by the Sisters at the Roman Catholic mission school at Sturgeon Lake. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are good hunters and anxious to progress. They are quiet and orderly. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. T have, &c., • W. B. L. DONALD, Indian Agent. i h'FrOItTS OF /YD/.l.V AGENTS 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Province of Alberta^ Lesser Slave Lake Agency, Lesser Slave Lake, April 1, 1909.- I'raxk Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31, 1909. Agency. — This agency comprises the following bands, viz.: Sucker Creek, Kee- nooshayo. Peace Eiver Crossing, Dunvegaii, Fort Vermilion, Little Red River, Wabis- kaw, Whitefish Lake, Sturgeon Lake. SUCKER cruek band. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band are Crees. Reserve. — This reserve borders on the west end of Lesser Slave lake. It con- tains 9,000 acres. A large part of this reserve is covered with poplar, spruce, tamarack and birch. There are large hay meadows and some fine farm-land. Population. — This band numbers 135. Health and Sanitation. — There has been no epidemic this year. A number of the band suffered from coughs, colds and bronchitis during the early part of the winter. The members of this band were vaccinated last summer. Occupations. — Pishing and hunting are the principal occupations of this band. They have cattle and do a little gardening. Buildings. — All the Indians of this band have houses. They are made of logs with board roofs and floors, and are comfortable and well ventilated. The stables are log and comfortable. Stock. — The stock is well cared for and is in good condition. There has been only a slight loss during the winter. Farm Implements. — These Indians have some farm implements, of which they take very good care. Education. — Some of the children attend the Roman Catholic mission and Eng- lish Church mission schools at Lesser Slave Lake. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious, law-abiding and are graduallcv increasing their herds of cattle. Temperance and Morality. — This band is temperate, and, I believe, moral. keexooshayo's band. Tribe or Xation. — The Indians of this band belong to the Cree nation. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the south side of Lesser Slave lake, and contains 14,000 acres. It is about equally divided between open country and tim- bered land. The land is excellent for agricultural purposes. There is enough larg« timber for the Indians' own ut^e. Population. — This band numbers 146. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians have suffered very little from disease this year. There have been no opideniiis. They were all vaccinatc^d during the year. Occupations. — These Indians have some cattle and some small gardens. Last summer they grew a few acres of oats. Hunting and tishing are the principal in- dustries. 184 DEPARTMEXT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII.. A. 1910 Buildings. — The houses are log with board roofs and floors, and are generally comfortable and well ventilated. The stables are log buildings. Stock. — The stock has wintered well and is in good condition. These Indians take good care of their animals and have sufficient hay for even this long winter. Farm Implements. — These Indians have some farm implements, of which they take good care. Education. — A number of the children of this band attend the Roman Catholic and English mission schools at Lesser Slave Lake, and are making good progress. Characteristics and Progress. — Most of this band are industrious and are law- abiding. Their cattle are increasing in number. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. PEACE RIVER CROSSING BAND. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band belong to the Cree nation. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the north bank of the Peace riverj 10 miles west of Peace River Crossing-. It contains 5,000 acres of flat, open, excellent farm- land. Population. — This band numbers 114. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band has been generally good. There were a few cases of tuberculosis. The ordinary sanitary precautions have been taken. There have been no epidemics this year. Occupations. — These Indians hunt, fish and work on the river boats. They have a few cattle and do some gardening, and farming on a small scale is done. Buildings. — The houses are comfortable log buildings, floored and roofed with boards. The stables are also built of logs. Stock. — The stock wintered very well and got fairly good care. Earm Implements. — This band has a few iraplements. Education. — There are no schools on the reserve. Some of the children attend the Roman Catholic and English Church mission boarding schools in the vicinity. Characteristics and Progress. — This band is law-abiding and fairly industrious. DUNVEGAN BAND. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band belong to the Beaver tribe. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the north side of the Peace river, 20 miles from Dunvegan. It contains 12,000 acres. A small part is timber, but it is largely open country, and is excellent land for farming and pasturage. Population. — This band numbers 114. Occupations. — This band lives by hunting. Stock. — This band has some fairly good horses. Buildings. — A few of these Indians are now building houses. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band is fairly good. A few suffer from scrofula and tuberculosis. There has been no epidemic this year. Farm Implements. — They have no farm implements. Education. — There are no schools on this reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are quiet and law-abiding. They are good hunters. Temperance and Morality. — Thisr band is temperate and moral. VERMILION' BAND. Tribe or Nation. — This band is made up of Indians belonging to the Cree, Beaver and Stony tribes. Reserve. — This band has no reserve. i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGEXTS 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 J'opulatioii. — This baud numbers 516. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians are healthy and have had no epidemic this year. There are a few cases of tuberculosis. Occupations. — These Indians live by hunting. Stock. — They have a few horses. Characteristics and Progress. — Thcfe Indians are quiet and law-abiding. They are g od hunters. Temperance and Morality. — This laiul is temperate and moral. LITTLE RICD RIVER BAND. Tribe or Nation. — This band belongs to the Cree tribe. Reserve.- — They have no reserve, but hunt along the Little Red river aiul lower reaches of the Peace river. Population. — This band numbers 74. Health and Sanitation. — There are some cases of scrofula and tuberculosis. Occupations. — This band hunts for a living. Buildings. — These Indians live in teepees. Stock. — They have a few horses. Education. — There are no schools in this district. Characteristics and Progress. — They are quiet, law-abiding Indians. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate, and, I believe, moral. W.^BISKAW BAND. Tribe or Nation. — This band belongs to the Cree nation. Reserve. — This band has not as yet chosen any reserve. These Indians hunt and fish in the vicinity of the Wabiskaw lakes. Population. — This band numbers 241. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this band is good on the whole. Occupations. — This band is supported by fishing and hunting. Buildings. — Most (if these Indians have comfortable log houses. Stock. — The members of the band own a few horses. Farm Implements. — They have no farm implements. Education. — A number of the children attend the Roman Catholic and English Church mission schools. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are good hunters, quiet and law- abiding. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are temperate and fairly moral. WHITEFISH LAKE BAND. Tribe- or Nation. — This band belongs to the Cree nation. Reserve. — This band has had a reserve surveyed during the fall on the shores of Whitefish lake. There is a large amount of good agricultural land and some timber, sufiicient for the buildings necessary for the Indians. Population. — The number of members of this band is 87. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians is good. They have suf- fered from no epidemic during the past year. They have been vaccinated during the year. Occupations. — These Indians fish and hunt for a living. Buildings. — The members of this band have comfortable log buildings, well floored and ventilated. 186 DEPARnfEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Stock. — These Indians own a few horses and cattle, which they care for very well. Farm Implements. — They have no farm implements. Education. — A number of the children attend the Engli'^h Church mission school. They are making good progress. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are law-abiding and good hunters. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. STURGEON LAKE BAND. Tribe or Nation. — This band belongs to the Cree nation. Reserve. — This band has chosen a reserve on the shores of Sturgeon lake. There is a good deal of open, well-watered land fit for farming, and sufficient timber for the needs of the band. Population. — -The number in this band ia 168. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band is good. There are a few cases of tuberculosis. Every precaution is taken to prevent the spread of this disease. Occupations. — The Indians of this band hunt and fish for a living. Buildings. — The buildings are of logs, are comfortable and well ventilated. Stock. — This band owns a few horses and cattle. All seem in good condition. Earm Implements. — They have no farm implements. Education. — The Eoman Catholic mission has a school at Sturgeon Lake. The pupils are progressing well. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are good Imnters, industrious and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — This band is temperate, and its morals are good. I have, &e., W. B. L. DONALD, M.D. Indian Agent. Provin'ce of Alberta, Peigan Aq^NCY, Brocket, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of this agency for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909, together with the usual statements of agricultural statistics and inventory of government property. Reserve. — The Peigan reserve is situated on the Oldman river, west of Macleod. Its form is almost square, and its area 181g square miles, or more than 116,000 acres. In addition to the reserve proper, the Indians have, in the Porcupine hills, a timber limit containing 111 square miles. The Crowsnest Pass railway passes through the reserve from the northeast to southwest corners; there being 15 miles of track and 3 sidings; the first, west of Macleod, is the Peigan siding, where there is a sub- stantial section-house and a good stock-yard with every facility for shipping. Chokio is the next, nicely situated about 5 miles from Brocket station; this latter is situated on the southwest corner of the reserve. The station is a good building, and the Canadian Pacific Railway Company has an agent at this point. T. Lebel & Company have a large warehouse, the Alberta Pacific Elevator Company an elevator, and there 1 REPORTS or /.VO/.l.V AGENTS 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 is a large raised platform for the farmers to load direct into the cars. Three dif- ferent firms have been buying baled hay and oats and wheat thid season, and. as this is the most convenient point for most settlers to the south — in what is called the Kootenai and Halifax lake country — to dispose of their hay and grain, a large volume of business has been done in the past season. It is near this point that the agency- buildings have been removed. The place where these Indians have commenced farming is about 2 miles from the station, and the grain can be delivered direct from machine to elevator, warehouse or cars, if so desired. The reserve is composed of undulating prairie and untimbered hills, and besides the waters of the Oldman river, there are numerous small streani.s and springs dis- tributed over the reserve, giving an abundant supply of good water fqr stock and (.ther purposes, and making it one of the best grazing ranges in the district. There is also a considerable area of good farming laud. Population. — The population of the reserve is 471 souls. Details in connection with this subject are found in the tabular statement. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the band during the past year has been satisfactory. There has been an absence of any infectious diseases. Those cases with fatal results have, in the large degree, been caused by tubercular disease. In the spring there is a general cleaning up around their houses and a generous supply of lime used, and the rubbish is burned. During the summer they are all under canvas. Occupations. — The cattle and horse industries are the principal occupations, as the natural facilities are more conducive to stock-raising than grain-growing. The farming done during the past season, though on a small scale, gave fairly good results. 1 am of the opinion that the growing of spring wheat will not be as successful as winter wheat. Owing to the short spring- and the necessity of getting the sowing done in season, I find that with the horses, as is usual, in poor condition, and the owner with a tendency to cut the day at both ends, it is impossible to get spring grain sown in good season ; hence the liability to frost and fall storms. Many of the ex-pupils express their intention to break up land during the spring. _ Buildings. — The frame houses are principally of the one storey style or cottage, substantially built and Heat in appearance, and usually clean, though a number of the Indians are still living in the log and mud huts. There has been some improve- ment in buildings during the year. Stock. — The stock during the past season was in excellent condition, and, though the winter was somewhat severe, the loss is nominal. I find the Indians as a whole are rather indifferent about the care of stock. During the past season an effort was made to induce them to provide shelter for the calves where they could be weaned and fed, thus giving the cows a better chance during the winter. The plan failed to a great extent for lack of intei-est. The calf-crop was exceptionally good. Education. — There are two boarding schools in connection with the reserve, one under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, situated within the reserve limits; the other in the hands of the Anglican Church, situated off the reserve near the west and south limits. The aggregate number of Indian children attending these schools is 63. There is a lack of interest shown by the parents with reference to sending their children to school. However, the children who are attending the differ- ent schools are making good progress. Farm Implements. — Implements are fairly well taken care of by the Indians. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians realize that they have made little progress in the past, and the younger members of the band are preparing to com- mence farming on a more extensive scale during the coming season. Some progress has been made during the past year, and once started, it is my opinion that the young men of the band will make a good showing, many of them being anxious to tegin farming. 188 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRH I 9-10 EDWARD VII.. A. 1910 Temperance and Jlorality. — Intemperance and immorality are rather the excep- tion than the rule. I have, &c., E. H. YEOMANS, Indian Agent. Province of Alberta^ Saddle Lake Agency, Saddle Lake, May 5, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the affairs of this agency for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. saddle lake band, no. 125. Tribe oi;-Nation. — These Indians belong to the Cree nation. Eeserve. — This reserve is situated in townships 57 and 58. ranges 10, 11, 12 and 13, west of the 4th meridian, and including Blue Quill's reserve, joining it to the west, "has an area of 82,560 acres. The south and east is fairly level, the north and west undulating. Small poplar groves are interspersed throughout the whole reserve. Saddle Lake creek runs through the centre, of the reserve from north to south; it has its source in Saddle lake, and empties into the Saskatchewan river. Both the lake and creek are well stocked with several varieties of fish. The reserve is suit- able for farming and stock-raising. Population. — The population, including Blue Quill's band, Iso. 127, is 270. Health and Sanitation.— One light case of smallpox occurred on this reserve during the year; the case was at once carefully isolated. With this exception the general health of these Indians has been good. The sanitary regulations as regards cleaning up rubbish around houses and premises were carefully carried out. Buildings. — The majority of these Indians have comfortable log houses with shingled roofs, and good warm stables for their stock. They keep their houses clean and tidy. Occupations. — The chief occupations followed by these Indians are farming and stock-raising, but a number of them add considerably to their income by working for settlers and freighting for the department. Stock.— The stock belonging to these Indians was well taken care of during the past severe winter, and is in good condition. Farm Implements. — The Indians of this band are fairly well equipped with farm implements, machinery, wagons and sleighs, and are gradually adding to their supply. The majority of them house and take good care of their implements and transport. Education. — There are two schools on this reserve, a boarding and a day school. The boarding school is on the western or Blue Quill's portion; the day school is situ- ated about the centre of the reserve. The boarding school is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, and the day school under the Methodist Church. Satis- factory progress has been made by the pupils of both schools, but the attendance at the day school has not been good. A n^imber of the parents do not seem to take any interest whatever in the education of their children. i REPORTS OF IXniAN AGENTS 189 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are law-abiding an^l fairly indus- trious, and have made some progress during the year. Temperance and Morality. — No ease of intemperance occurred during the year. The Indians oi this band are fairly moral. JAMES SEE.XirM's BAND, NO. 128. Tribe or Nation.- — These Indians belong to the Cree nation. Reserve. — This reserve is situated on the east shores of Goodtish and Wliitefish lakes, about 30 miles north of Saddle lake, in townships 61 and 62, west of the 4th meridian. It has an area of 11,200 acres. It is broken and hilly and covered with poplar bush. It is not suitable for farming purposes, but vegetables of various kinds are successfully cultivated. The lakes are well stocked with a variety of fish. Population. — The population of this band is 326. Health and Sanitation. — One mild case of small-pox occurred during the year ; this was promptly quarantined and carefully isolated. With this exception, the general health of this band has been good. Sanitary precautions were carefully car- ried out during the spring. Occupations. — The chief occupations followed by these Indians are stock-raising, farming, hunting and fishing. Buildings. — The Indians of this band have comfortable houses and good stables for their stock. Several new houses were built during the year. Stock. — The stock belonging to this band was well taken care of during the past winter, and is in good condition. Farm Implements. — The Indians of thi.s band are fairly well equipped with imple- ments, machinery, wagons and sleighs, and take good care of them. Education. — There are two day schools on this reserve, one at Goodfish and the other at Wliitefish Lake, both are imder the auspices of the Methodist Church. The attendance has been good, and satisfactory progress has been made at both schools. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are law-abiding, and a few of them industrious. No marked progress has been made during the year. Temperance and ilorality. — No difficulty has been exjierienced with any of these Indians during the year in regard to either temperance or morality. LAC LA BICHE BAND. NO. 129. This band numl)ers 13 persons. They are half-breeds, and make their living by hunting, trapping, fishing and working on the Athabasca river. CHIPEWVAN BAND. NO. 130. The.se Indians belong to the Chipewyan tribe. They reside at Heart lake. 20 miles east of Lac La Biche, and alwut 100 miles north of Saddle lake. They number 83 persons. They make their living by hunting, trapping and fishing. A large per- centage of the men are afflicted with sore eyes, caused by snow-blindness. BEAVER LAKE BAND, NO. 131. These Indians Ijelong to the Cree nation. A new reserve wa.s allotted to them diiring the year. It is situated on the south shores of Beaver lake, about ".■» miles north of Saddle lake, in townships 65 and 66, range 13, west of the 4th meridian. It has an area of 23,461 acres. These Indians make their living by hunting, trap- ping and fishing. A few of them made a start at farming and are receiving every 190 DEPAKTMEyT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 encouragement in this from the department. I am very sanguine that tliey will make good progress, as they seem anxious and are fairly industrious. GENERAL REMARKS. A new grist-mill, with a capacity of 20 barrels of flour per day, was erected by the department at this reserve, for the use of the Indians. This should prove of great benefit to them. A new church was built on Saddle Lake reserve by the Methodist Church. A large addition was also made to the Blue Quill's boarding school, during the year. A large number of patients were treated at the hospital, with satisfactory results, during the year. The Indians are beginning to appreciate the value of this institution. The season of 1908 was a very poor one for both grain and root crops, only a small quantity of a very inferior quality was harvested. The potato crop was also a poor one. Although the winter was a long and severe one, I am pleased to report that the stock belonging to both the Indians and the department came through in good condition, not a single animal being lost through want of either feed or care, in fact the Indians had a very considerable quantity of hay left over, which they dis- posed of at a good price to settlers living in the vicinity of the reserve. I have, &c., J. BATTY, Indian Agent. Province of Alberta, S.^RCEE Agency. Calgary, April 28. 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy .Supt. General of Indian Atlairs, Ottawa. Sir. — I liave the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended !March 31, 1909. on affairs in general in connection with the Indians of this agency. The agricultural statistical return, together with inventory of government property, has already been forwarded to the department. Tribe or Nation. — The Sarcees belong to the Athabascan race, and different por- tions of it are spread out between Alaska and Mexico. They are related to the Beavers in the north, the Navajoes and the Apache.s in the south, and several other tribes in California and Mexico. They speak a distinct language, wliicli has a peculiar guttural sound, and few outside the tribe can learn it. They have always been a warlike race, and their hand was against every one. This may account for their depletion in numbers. Many of their peculiarities still stick to them and they are at times hard to deal with. Reserve. — The reserve is in the Calgary district, and lies to the south of that cit.v. It contains an area of 108 square miles. It comprises township 23, ranges 2, 3 and 4, we.st of the JJth principal meridian. The two western townships are unexcelled as a stock range, while the eastern one, being more arable, is capable of producing winter wheat and other cereals. Population. — At last treaty payments (November 18, 1908) the popidation was 197. i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGEXTS 191 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Health and Sanitation. — Generally speaking, the Indians have enjoyed pretty fair health. The disease most prevalent is tuhereulosis. The usual sanitary precautions have been carried out. Occupations. — Farming and stock-raising are the principal industries, and I notice that more Indians each year are becoming interested in these pursuits. Buildings. — Many of the Indian buildings are still overcrowded, which is no doubt a source of disease. Several new dwellings have been erected this year, and are an improvement on the old ones. Stock. — More interest is being taken by the Indians in this important industry, and their little bands are increasing in number. They take better care of their stock than formerly. Implements. — They now supply all their own implements out of their earnings. Education. — There is one boarding school on the reserve, under the auspices of the Church of England, situated within a quarter of a mile of the agency headquarters. The school staff consists of the principal, the assistant principal, and matron. In addition, the wife of the assistant principal gives her services gratis. There are 10 boys and 6 girls on the roll. Of these pupils, 5 entered the institu- tion recently, but the medical officer would not pass them on account of tuberculosis. So there are only 11 who receive the government grant of $75 per annum. The Indians are still strangely averse to education, and practically take no inter- est in the school. They say that what they learn is of no use to them when they return to the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — Some of the Indians are industrious, while others are lazy and would like, if allowed, to put in the time in absolute idleness. Every year they are becoming better off, hut their great love for spending- their money a« soon as earned, and getting little for it, is still one of their prominent features. Temperance and Morality. — The greatest weakness of the Sarcee is his love for strong drink, and until a guard-room with a few police is stationed on the reserve, the same as on reservations in the United States, this evil will continue. As things are now, it is most diiKcult to procure a conviction against those who supply it. not- withstanding the great efforts being made to cope with this evil. Their morality is not all it should be, but comparing them with other bands. I do not think they are any worse. General Remarks. — It is encouraging to report that farming operations have been somewhat successful with us this year. From our crop of winter wheat we have sufficient flour to meet all demands during the coming year. The growing of winter wheat has turned out now so successful in Alberta that there is no reason why the Indians could not in the future raise their own flour. With regard to the meat rations, 50 per cent of the beef consumed during the present year was raised at our own cow camp, and for the incoming year we have sufficient beef animals to supply all demands. I am. therefore, in hopes that the department will not be called upon in future to assist the Indians along these lines. I have, &e., A. J. McNeill, Indian Agent. 192 DEPARTilEyr OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Province of Alberta, Stony Reserve, MoRLEY, April 17, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the fi,-5cal year ended March 31, 1909, together with tabular .statements and inventory of government prop- erty. Reserve. — The Stony reserve, 69,720 acres, is situated in the foot-hills of the Rocky mountains, about 40 miles west of Calgary, on the line of the Canadian Pacific railway, and is divided by the Bow river, Peter Wesley's band residing on the north, Moses Bearspaw's and Jonas Two Young Men's bands on the south side of the river. Morley station is about half a mile from the agency headquarters. With the exception of the southeast corner, nearly all the reserve is hilly and gravelly, a great portion being covered with timber. The Indians are Stouies, a branch of the Sioux. Population. — The population is made uij as follows: Bearspaw's band, 257; Peter Wesley's, 285; Jonas Two Young Men's, 119; a total of 661 souls. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been fairly good, except- ing, of course, scrofula and consumption, some few succumbing to the latter disease annually. The hospital, with a profes-sional nurse in charge, and under the superintendence of Dr. Lafferty, is doing fairl,v good work, but the Indians do not appreciate it as they should do, preferring their children to remain at home. Sanitary precautions are taken at all Indian houses, and all garbage removed and burnt every spring. Occupations. — These Indians raise cattle and horses, cut and deliver logs to saw- mill, fire-wood, posts and rails on cars at Morley station, cut and haul wood to Kananaskis Lime Kilns and Exshaw, besides doing labour at outside points. These Indians were, as usual, away hunting last fall. From the wood industries alone their earnings amounted to .$10,526.46, nearly all of which they received in cash. Their total earnings from all sources amounte.d to $26,016.96 besides amounts earned in Southern Alberta during the year which it is impossible to ascertain. Buildings. — Several buildings have been erected and repaired. They are fairly clean and comfortable. Stock. — Stock-raising is one of the lu-incipal industries on this reserve. Cattle and horses are doing well. Some good colts have been raised, and a great improvement is being seen by the introduction of Hereford bulls. I am sorry to say some of the Indians do not give so much care and attention to cattle, whilst others are beginning to see that this industry does pay, and will, I am quite sure, take more interest in the future. Of course, there has been, as in all grazing countries, the usual percentage of loss. Farm Implements. — The Indians have purchased 7 wagons, 4 mowers, rakes, 1 plough, 1 set of bob-sleighs and 7 sets of double harness, besides stoves and useful articles for their households, out of their earnings. They take fairly good care of their property. Education. — The boarding school on the outskirts of the reserve was closed in November, 1908, and a day school has been temporarily opened on Wesley's, the north side of the Bow river, since January, 1909. There was a large attendance at first, which fell off slightl.y towards the end of March. ! REPORTS OF IXDIAX .IGEXTS 193 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are advancing in many ways, especially shown by the amounts they are earning, which is making them more self- reliant. Most of them are law-abiding, better off, and generally spend their money judiciously. Temperance and Morality. — They are, on the whole, temperate, no cases of intemperance being brought to my notice; but their morals are certainly none of the best. I have, &c., T. J. FLEETHAM, Indian Agent. Province of Alberta, Alberta Inspectorate, Red Deer, June 7, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir,- — I beg to submit my annual report upon Indian affairs in this inspectorate for the year ended March .31, last. During the year my headquarters was removed from Gleichen to Ked Deer. The new location is more central than the old one, and the train service, too, is preferable. The inspectorate includes seven agencies, namely, Blood, Peigan, Sarcee, Stony, Blackfoot, Edmonton and Saddle Lake. My time was so occupied with special work of one kind and another that I made only two complete agency inspections, namely, Edmonton and the Blackfoot agencies. A number of schools, however, were inspected during the year and separate reports made of these inspections. EDMONTON AGENCY. Mr. U. Verreau was appointed agent during the early part of the year, and I installed him in this office during the month of May, and then towards the end of July I returned and made a complete inspection of the agency. When the installation of Mr. Verreau was made in May, I secured a surrender of C.362 "19 acres of land from Enoch's band at Stony Plain. This land has since been surveyed and will be offered for sale at public auction at the city of Edmonton on the 23rd instant. These Indians still hold about 12,800 acres of meadow, farm, pasture and timber- land, and every able-bodied member of the band has the use of a very good working •outfit, and all provided for out of the proceeds of sale of land acquired by them under the treaty. I understand that these Indians are making very good use of their working out- fits, and that they have a larger crop in than ever before. A number of this band are addicted to the use of intoxicants, and, if this habit is not eradicated, I fear little substantial progress will be made even with all the advantages within their reach. The Paul's, Michel's and Alexander's bands have, too, very good working outfits. These outfits were procured out of the funds from sale of surrendered land. With one exception, the Michel Indians had made good use of the outfits provided, and the Paul's and Alexander Indians had made some advancement with theirs, but 27— i— 13 194 DEPARTMEST OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 not to the extent they should. The iise of intoxicants by the Indians of Paul's band has, I think, been greater than heretofore. The agency buildings and premises were in fairly good condition, and the work of the office in a satisfactory state. The officers employed at this agency are: Messrs. U. Verreau, agent; Wm. Black, clerk; John Foley, interpreter; A. E. Pattison, farmer at Paul's resen'e, and Henry Hope, farmer at Alexander's reserve. The clerk, Mr. Black, has since been transferred to the Peigan agency, and Mr. Geo. H. Race from the Peigan to this agency. BLACKFOOT AGENCY. This agency consists of one large reserve, about 470 scjuare miles, and is located south of the main line of the Canadian Pacific railway and easterly from the city of Calgary. I completed an inspection of this agency during October, after having spent about seven weeks in it" during August, September and October. The staff consisted of Mr. J. H. Gooderham and six assistants, not including the medical officer and the staff of the hospital, which is operated under the auspices of the Church of England, and the salaries of a doctor, nurse and a cook, which are met by the church referred to. The hospital is located near the Bow river and on the upper portion of the re- serve. Allowances are made by the department for this hospital to jirovide fuel, light, drugs and board for patients and the staff. Dr. Eose has direct charge, and from the returns and other sources I conclude that a good deal of relief has been afforded to sick Indians and at little expense to the department. Ten years ago thorp were abo\it 435,000 pounds of beef gratuitously issued to these Indians during a fiscal year. During the last fiscal year the free beef-issue was less than 63,000 pounds. This is evidence that these Indians have been led into channels of self-support during the last 10 years. They are, moreover, better clothed and generally in a more prosperous condition than they were 10 years ago. I regret to report that the use of intoxicants by the Indians of this band has largely in- creased of late. The buildings in lase by the staff at this agency were in good condition and generally well kept. During the winter of 1906-7 the loss of cattle was heavy, but since then the loss has been slight and the calf-crop has been exceptionally good. The cattle are very free of mange, and, if not overtaken again by a hard winter, the numbers will rapidly increase. PEIGAN AGENCY. I started to inspect this agency last month, but was obliged to discontinue it to attend to other work. The headquarters of this agency is now established near Brocket station on the Crow's Nest branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Until a few years ago the chief industry here was stock-raising. Recently the growing of grain was tried, and with very good results. The young men, principally graduates of various schools, now show a disposition to start farming in earnest, and with the limited outfits at their command have broken up 300, or more, acres of new land. About one-half of the band are extremely anxious to surrender about 45 sec- tions of their reserve for the purpose of acquiring a complete farming outfit. The young men declare that if they had a proper working outfit they would be self-support- ing within three years. The giving up of any land for any purpose whatever is strongly opposed, however, by the chiefs and by the aged members of the band. i REPORTS OF IXDlAy AGEyTS 195 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The buildings here are new, or were recently rebuilt, and are all in good con- dition. Mr. E. H. Yeomans is agent, and Mr. Wm. Black holds the position of clerk since about April 1, last. In addition there is one stockman and two assistant stock- men (Indians) and a blacksmith employed. The wages of the blacksmith and the assistant stockmen are met from the band's own funds. BLOOD AGENCY. No inspection of this agency was made by me during the fiscal year, and I am not in a position, therefore, to state many facts in connection with this agency. These Indians started farming in earnest during the season of 1907, and last season about 23,000 bushels of first-class winter wheat, besides a quantity of oats, were threshed. I \inderstood that the wheat all realized about 80 cents per bushel. There is now seeded, I understand, about 1.500 acres, and more new land is yet to be broken for seeding with winter wheat this season. These Indians have a large herd of cattle, and from the sale of horses, cattle, grain and earnings in various ways they handle a good deal of ready money. Un- fortunately for themselves too much of it is squandered in riotous living. SAECEE AGENCY. One day only was spent by me at this agency since the vrriting of my last report, and then my time was largely taken up with the purchase of stallions for this agency. Mr. Gordon, late of the File Hills agency, is now clerk here, and occupies a cottage that was erected many years ago for a like use. It had been overhauled about a year ago; and now meets the requirements very well. The house occupied by Agent McTveill is in a dilapidated condition and should very soon be replaced by a new one. John One Spot, a member of the band, still holds the position of stockman, and continues to give the best of satisfaction to Mr. McXeill. These Indians, too, are imbibing more liquor of late years than they did a few years ago. STONY AGENCY. A couple of days were spent at this agency on special work, but no thorough inspection was made. The Stony Indians make a good deal of ready money by cutting and deliver- ing fire-wood at Morley station, from where it is shipped to Calgary and to othc points along the line of railway. Mr. T. J. Fleetham is the agent, and continues to be alert for the welfare of the Indians under his charge. HOBBEMA AGENCY. Although no regular inspection has been made of this agency during the fiscal year, I have frequently visited it and made observations at each visit. There are four bands within this agency, namely, Louis Bull's, Ermineskin's, Samson's and the Montana. The last named band resides on wh^t was formerly known as the Bob Tail's reserve. My conviction is that, while the members of Ermineskin's band may have held the vantage ground they gained in previous years, they di,d little more, and that the other bands have retrograded. The use of intoxicants apparently has increased, and the old-time manner of worship and customs seem to have been revived to a large 27— i— 13J 196 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIR ft i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 extent. I presume such backslidings, here and elsewhere, should be anticipated so long as premiums are offered to the Indians to leave their homes and their work, by exhibitions, to parade on the public streets in war paint and in nude attire, and to dance the dances of their forefathers. Such exhibitions may be symbolic hi.story from prehistoric days, but they tend to revive paganism and do not promote the yield from the Indian's potato-patch or his garden. The agency headquarters is on the Battle river, and about 10 miles from Ponoka and 6 miles from Hobbema siding. The buildings are, with one exception, all log, and all the log buildings are dilapidated and not fit for the uses for which they are required. Arrangements are now completed for the erection of new buildings, and these are to be placed within half a mile of the Hobbema siding, which is about the centre of the reserves. The new location will be far preferable to the present one. Mr. Geo. G. Mann is the agent; Miss Mann, clerk; G. J. Furguson, blacksmith, ERwyer, &e., and A. W. Perry and T. W. Lucas, farmers. SADDLE LAKE AGENCY. The headquarters of this agency is about 50 miles northerly from Vegreville, a town on the Canadian Northern Railway. Mr. J. Batty is the agent, and he is assisted by a clerk and two farmers. One of these farmers is located on the Whitefish reserve, which is about 30 miles northerly from the agency headquarters. This agency has not been visited by me during the year. There was a portable flour-mill at the Whitefish Lake reserve, and it was re- moved during the year to near the agency headquarters on the Saddle Lake reserve. A new building was erected to hold this mill, but, owing to the crop being damaged by frost last season, there was little for the mill to do. It is hoped that this harvest will prove to be better than the last two crops and the Indians encouraged to farm more extensively in consequence and provide more grists for this mill. A tent hospital was established here a couple of years ago. The Indians do not, however, patronize it to a great extent. GENERAL REMARKS. A good manj years ago an attempt was made to reduce the number of native or cayuse horses held by the Indians. This was tried by offering the owner of a cayuse B heifer worth about $20 for a horse with a market value of about $5. The scheme did not prove a success, for it is not an easy matter to separate an Indian from his cayuse. About 8 years ago a new plan was adopted to replace the cheap cayuse, and the results have been very satisfactory-. Good classes of stallions, chiefly grade Clydes, were provided and lent to the Indians on almost every reserve. The Indians took kindly to this procedure, and now there may be seen on almost every reserve an im- proved class of horses, horses sufiiciently heavy for general farm work and of a market value up to $150. The bulls for the various reserves are now all purchased at the pure-bred stock sales which are annually held in this province, and the best of sires are secured and at reasonable cost. When an average price of $00 was secured for 200 steers raised by the Blood Indians, it is evidence, T think, that the sires of these steers were of no mean order. I have, &c., J. A. MARKLE, Inspector. i REPORTS OF IXDlAy AGEyTS 197 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 REPOET OF INSPECTOE FOE TEEATY NO. 8. Depart jiENT of Indian Affairs. Ottawa, January 19, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq.. Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir,— I have the honour to submit my report on the affairs of Treaty No. 8 for the calendar year 1908. I left Ottawa on April 2J, arrived in Edmonton on the 28th, and remained there until May 4, making arrangements for transijortation; then left for Athabasca Landing. I reached the Landing on the 7lh. The trail from here to Lesser Slave Lake was almost impossible, and there being no freight for the post up the river, I had to secure a York boat from the Hudson's Bay Company with a crew of six men, I reached Lesser Slave Lake on the 19th (a ten days' trip), this being good time, con- sidering the low water on Lesser Slave river. Here I spent two days getting trans- portation to Peace Eiver Crossing, arriving there on the 27th over the worst possible piece of trail; in fact, the roughest I have ever gone over. The Hudson bay steam- er, which should have been here on the 28th, did not arrive until the 31st at 9 p.m. We waited until June 5 for the steamer to start for -Port St. John, but she could not pass under ferry cable. As the delay would be for some days more, I decided to travel overland to Dunvegan, sending Dr. Donald on to St. John with pack horses to meet the Indians there. At St. John 104 Beaver Indians were paid their annuity. Two births and two deaths were reported. The Indians were found in good health. I secured a lumber wagon for Dunvegan, and paid treaty on June 9, the day appointed, to 112 Beaver Indians, whom 1 found in fair health. Five births and 13 deaths were reported. I left for Peace Eiver Crossing and paid 58 Indians there. Three births were reported and no deaths. Here they had fields of oats and wheat planted, which were of good growth for that season. I left the Crossing for Vermilion by raft, which I had made at Dunvegan. and travelled 300 miles down the Peace river, and reached Vermilion on the 15th. Here I paid three bands — 535 in all. Seventeen deaths and 25 births were reported. Dr. Donald arrived here on the 21st, and we left the following day with scow for Little Eed Eiver. Paid annuity to 73 Crees. Two deaths and two births were reported. Here they were very much afraid of a hard winter, as their fur-catch had been small. We left here on York boat on the 23rd for Chipewyan, 280 miles distant, and reached destination on the 27th at 11.30 p.m., having travelled very quickly, the river being in flood. Paid band of 233 Crees; among whom 1 death and 8 births were reported. Band of 364 C'hipewyans reported 4 deaths and 16 births. All these Indians were healthy. There was some distress amongst the old people. On the 26th, I left for Fond du Lac, 186 miles east of Lake Athabaska, arriv- ing next day at 8 p.m. Annuity was paid to 416 Maurice band Indians on the 29th. Eleven deaths and 15 births were reported. There had been very little want among them, as they had a fairly good season. On the 30th I left for Fort Chipewyan, thence to Smith's Landing on July 2, and here met a band of Chipewyans. On the 3rd I drove across the portage to Fort Smith, and on the 4th paid another band. In all, annuities were paid to 238. Nine 198 ' DEPARTMENT OF IXDISy AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 deaths and 10 births were reijorted. The Indians here are healthy, and I found very little want. On the 7th we started for Resolution on the Mackenzie river steamer. Here three bands were settled with on the 11th, 12th and 13th: Yellowknives, 207; Dog- ribs, 182; Chipewyans, 116; 502 in all. Among these Indians 18 deaths and 16 birtliB were reported. They were prosperous and had quantities of dried meat in store after a good hunting year. They were also in good health. On the 13th at 8.30 p.m., we left on York boat for Hay Eiver, and paid treaty there on the 16th to 97 Slave Indians. Twelve deaths and 3 births were reported. On the 18th, at 4.30 p.m., I left Hay Eiver on return trip to Fort Resolution, reaching the Fort at 10 p.m., the second trip, and waited the return of Hudson bay steamer from Macpherson. She arrived on July 30, and left that day for Fort Smith. We reached Fort Smith the next day at 4 p.m., and drove across to Smith's Landing, where we boarded the steamer Graham on August 4 for Fort McMurray. We arrived at Fort McMurray on Sunday, the 9th. Paid Crees and Chipewyans (122) on the 10th. Five deaths and 5 births were reported. I also paid a small band of stragglers (27). Among these 3 births and no deaths were reported. These Indians were healthy. I left the Fort on the 11th with Hudson's Bay Company's transport for Wabis- kaw, arriving there September 1. Paid treaty to 240 Crees on the 4th. Eight deaths and 12 births were reported. After travelling by trail five days I reached Whitefish Lake and paid treaty on the 12th to 85 Crees. Four deaths and 3 births were reported. I left Whitefish Lake for Sturgeon Lake on the 13th, which trii> took seven days, over a very rough trail. On the 21st I paid annuity to 166 Crees. Seven births were reported. On the 22nd I left Sturgeon Lake for Lesser Slave Lake, arriving there on the 26th. Paid treaty to 336 Kinnosayos. Four deaths and 17 births were reported. On the 29th, I left for Athabasca Landing, reaching there on the 5th. Paid 1 straggler. Arrived at Edmonton on October 8. The Indians in the northern districts, like those in the southern part of Treaty 8, have suffered considerably for the last two years owing to the shortage of fur- bearing animals. Very few of our Indians north of the 60th parallel have suffered in this way excepting some of the Mackenzie river non-treaty Indians, where the fur- bearing animals have been very scarce. Those on the south side of Great Slave lake and the northeast end of Lake Athabasca, known as the Cariboo country, have been fairly successful in their hunts. I have always tried to impress on the Indians the necessity of fishing in the fall, for fear that the deer would take another direction and they might not be able to locate them. In that case it makes it very serious for them, and, if they had fish, it would keep them from starvation. The people known as ' Cariboo-eaters ' seldom fish, and I believe never in winter, as they follow ths deer in their migrations. This last year the Fond du Lac Indians were very suc- cessful in their deer hunts and exported quite a quantity of dried meat to other dis- tricts. The supplies from the Hudson's Bay Company were in every way satisfactory. Those (who required medical attendance were looked after by Dr. Donald. As for the schools, in my opinion they are doing good work at a veiy small cost to the department. It would be difficult to see how a better or cheaper policy in regard to schools could be formulated than the one in vogue. The buildings as a rule are roomy and well ventilated. The children are well conducted and are properly fed and clothed. I have, iScc, H. A. COXROT, Inspector Treaty No. 8. i REPORTS OF INDIAN AGENTS 199 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT OF INSPECTOR FOR TREATY NO. 8. Department of Indi.^x Affairs, Ott.mva, February 19, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. Genernl of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — As it has been suggested that I should report on some points not touched upon in my annual report dated the 19th ult., 1 beg to supplement it as follows : — Our first payment was made to the Beavers at St. John's, in Northeastern British Columbia. They are purely hunting Indians and vei-y few, if any, have either shacka or buildings. They have been in contact with the whites — miners — from across the mountains for a great many years, but have never taken to the labour of the white man. They are more or less scrofulous. They have a few cayuses and travel on both sides of the Peace river, and generally do their hunting in the foot-hills of the Rockies. The country on the east side of the Rockies is a fine level plateau, and will in the future be a first-class agricultural country. It is partially covered with a growth of good-sized trees of spruce, tamarack and cotton-wood. One hundred and twenty miles northeast of St. John's at Dunvegan on the Peace river, these Indians know practically nothing of agriculture and are purely hunting Indians. They certainly have the finest piece of country to hunt over that it has been my pleasure to see. They are complaining that the fur-bearing and food animals are disappearing. I believe that the time is not far distant when we shall have to assist them with farm implements and encourage them to make their living by agri- cultural pursuits. The country is excellent for stock-raising. These Indians, as a rule, have very few shacks and, like the Indians of St. John's, move from place to place. I think it will be hard to get them to settle down to any industrial pursuits. Fifty miles down the Peace river, at what is known as the Duncan reserve, there Ls a small band without a chief, but with two headmen. These headmen for the last few years have paid some attention to crop-growing, such as wheat, oats and potatoes, and for some years have been quite successful; but, like all other Indians, they are easily discouraged. The drought and wind-storms destroy some of their crops, dis- couraging them greatly, so that some of them have not taken the same interest as they used to do; but I have tried to encourage them to continue in the work. They have a few cattle of their own, and a fairly good class of horses, but rather small for farming. I think that when they get a farm instructor on this reserve they will become self-supporting. Duncan, the headman, has a very good house and out- buildings. I find it difficult to interest them in their work, as for the least e.xcu.se they leave it and go off on a hunt. When they return, they find that their stock has broken into and destroyed a great portion of their crop. If the department had a good practical man to look after these two reserves, Dunvegan and Peace River, I think it would not be long before they would become self-supporting. That part of the country is of an excellent quality and would produce the very best crops. At- Vermilion, 350 miles northeast from the Peace River Crossing, we have three bands, viz.: Crees, Beavers and Slaves. From what I understand, the Slaves' hunting grounds are about 100 miles due north, where they roam over a large area of country. These people, as a rule, are good hunters, and have, therefore, made a 200 DEPARTMEST OF IXDUy AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 fairly good living. The last couple of years has been hard on them owing to the shortage of food and fur-bearing animals. I have never been back to their country owing to the distance being so great ; my time being limited, I found it impossible to go. 1 believe they have two or throe shacks, and the Hudson's Bay Company and Revillon Uros. have a small outpost where they go periodically to trade with these people. They appear to be healthy, and I think there were no deaths to report. Quite a num- ber of birtlis were registered. They have larger families than any of the other bands. The members of the Beaver band, who roam on the north side of the Peace river and east to the Cariboo mountains, have a beautiful country, partially wooded and a large portion open, and all fit for agricultural purposes. Physically, these Indians are not as strong as the Slaves. They have very few shacks, and depend wholly on the hunt for a livelihood. The Crees, the smallest of the three bands, hunt on the south side of the Peace river. These people are very anxious that the department should set aside reserves for them. They are tainted with tuberculosis. In a conversation I had with the chief last summer, I told him that there was no particular hurry in setting apart reserves for them, as I did not think that there would be a very great influx of people into their eountiy, and to take their time in selecting their reserve. They, like their neighbours on the north side, complain very bitterly of the shortage of food and fur-bearing animals in this country. It is a fine country for agricultural purposes. Before leaving this post I would draw attention to the fact that at Vermilion there are about 25 or 30 settlers who have been farming and raising large quantities of wheat, oats and barley and other agricultural products. The Hudson's Bay Com- pany has an up-to-date roller-mill, where 30,000 bushels of wheat is turned into flour, which is sent both north and west. It is very surprising to tourists going through the country to see steam-threshers, binders and all kinds of agricultural implements in operation. The Department of Agriculture has established a model farm, which I had the pleasure of visiting last spring, where I saw the marvelous growth of the ditferent trees, such as maiilcs, pines and apple-trees, and the different Canadian small fruits. About 50 miles north of Vermilion a small band of Crees summer at the mouth of Little Bed river. These people, so far as I know, have no shacks, unless back in their hunting ground. They roam through a very beautiful country, which if partially wooded and is noted as being the best hunting grounds in the north. They have raised a few vegetables, bu-t, as they have no fixed abode, it is hard for them to do any farming. They did not speak of a reserve being set apart for them. The Vermilion chief visits them and considers them his people. At Fort Chipewyan, 250 miles down the Peace river, there are two bands — Chipewj'ans and Crees. The Chipewyan Indians, as a rule, hunt for their food animals on the north side of Athabasca lake through a very rocky and mossy country, where the cariboo roam in large numbers. Some seasons they have not come so far south, and, therefore, they have been left in a state of starvation ; but, as a rule, they make a fair living. The Cree band roams on the south side of Athabasca lake and also along the Athabasca river and a large part of the country. Some seasons the moose are very plentiful. A strange action of the Crees is that they call the Chipewyans 'Indians' and themselves ' the people.' I do not think that the Cree Indian is physically or morally better than his Chipewyan neighbour. In the summer months both bands reside round the shores of the lake and fish. This lake produces the finest quality of whitefish and trout. In the fall it appears that in the marshes round the head of the lake is the feeding-place of the wild geese, and apparently their first feeding-ground on their way south. The Indians, half-breeds and missionaries kill a large number (if tlie^p fowl; in fact, one man told me that he killed 1,000. It seems to me that if the Indian were in any way provident, he would be able to make a living where there is such a quantity of fowl and a lake teeming with fish. I have always tried to im- i SEPORTS OF IXDIAN AGENTS 201 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 press upon them the necessity of fishing as late in the fall as possible, or even through the ice. to procure enough fish to keep them all winter, or at least when their food animals are scarce. Their excuse for not doing so is that at that time they are away hunting. Probably after some years of need I shall be able to convince them and persuade them to remain and fish at that season of the year. Both Crees and Chip- ewjans, as far as their morals are concerned, are good. At Fond du Lac, 186 miles northeast of Lake Athabasca, we have the largest single band. These are the Chipewyans. Last year was a very successful one with them, as the deer was plentiful and they caught more fur than any other band in the north. They are healthy and well clothed. They are meat-eaters, although sometimes while near the lake they fish. They are very quiet, and, I think, as hard workers as any of the Indians that I know of. They have no houses, but roam after cariboo nearly the whole season. From this point we return to Chipewyan, and from there go to Smith's Landing. The Indians here are cariboo-eaters, and roam on the edge of the barren lands. I made arrangements with them some years ago to come in to the post every other year, as they found it rather far to come every year to receive their annuity. They are healthy and nuike a good living, but have no shacks that I know of. The Indians to the south live in what is known as the ' buffalo country,' and hunt moose and deer and fur-bearing animals. They are very much interested in the buffalo and are just as anxious to preserve them as the whites. The old chief told me some years ago that if they did not preserve the buffalo, their children would never see that animal, and for that reason it was their duty to see that they were not killed. Two years ago when Seaton-Thompson was up in the buffalo country he reported that it was the Indians who were killing them off, not the wolves as had been reported, and that he knew what he was talking about. Now, I know that he spent the most of two weeks travelling within 60 miles of Fort Smith, and how he came to make such a report. I am at a loss to know, as I have always made it my duty to inquire and get all the knowledge that I could get every year. Sergeant Fields, of the Royal North- west Mounted Police, who has always been with me at this point, also made inquiries. The Indians told us that they had always protected the buffaloes and would con- tinue to do so. They are a very law-abiding people, and as moral as any in my district. Two hundred miles north of Fort Smith is Fort Resolution, on the south side of Great Slave lake. Here there are three bands of Indians — Chipewyans, Dogribs and Yellowknives. The Chipewyans, the smallest band, reside on the south side of Grrri' Slave lake, and are also in the buffalo country, where they hunt. They live chiefly on fish. The Yellowknives come from Yellowknife river, a country that I know very little about, but, from the information that I have received from them- selves, the country is very rocky and barren. They are in the cariboo district, and kill a large number of these animals every year. These people are simple in their habits and are good hunters. They have a few poor shacks, and, as they are nomadic, do not reside in one place very long. The Dogribs live at the north end of the lake, and have a country similar to that of the Yellowknives, very rocky and barren. However, they are good hunters and make a living. The cariboo are quite plentiful in that section of the country. Eighty miles across Great Slave lake we come to Hay river, on the south side of the lake, and at the mouth of the Hay river there is a small band of Slaves who roam tc the south and west. They are not very healthy and live most of the sununer in shacks and round the missions. The Church of England mission has a large board- ing school with quite a large staff of teachers, and is doing good work. The school 15 li' Pitifully -iituated on the banks of the Hay river. There is a nice garden in con- nection with it. in which they grow a large quantity of vegetables. Tlie Indians have copied from the mission and grow quite a few vegetables. One thing I want to speak of in particular is the condition of the Indian shacks, which are small and 202 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 kept very dirty, so much so in fact that to my mind they should be burned down or destroyed in some way. Of course, the Indians would have to be recompensed. Giv- ing them enough duck to make teepees would, in my opinion, eradicate diseases, as quite a number have tuberculosis. Tearing down these shacks that so many have died in and giving them material to make a tent or teepee would, I think, be a good thing for them. I do not mean to do anything abruptly that they would not likely take to, but on being approached in a reasonable way, they would, I thinly, be satisfied. From Hay river we returned to Fort Resolution, where we wait for the Hudson bay steamer to take us up the river. Our work now in the far north is practicallj' finished. Our next stop is at Fort McMurray, where we have a mixed baud of Chip- ewyans and Crees. They have a large tract of country, on the east about 60 miles to the boundaries of Treaty 10, and extending north and south for about 100 miles. T consider them the poorest lot of people I have in treaty districts. They seem to have been born tired they are so lazy. They arrive at the fort in the early spring and remain there until the cold weather drives them back again into the woods. Quite a r.umber of half-breeds work more or less on the river for the Hudson Bay Trans- portation Company. Here we meet a few families of stragglers who roam all over the country and do not seem to have any fixed abode. To Pelican Portage, about 130 miles up the Athabasca river, our mode of trans- portation is rather difficult. If the water is low, we have to travel with horses, but, if high enough, we go by canoes. It is practically about 100 miles by river, and I consider it about the same by trail. The country through which we pass is wooded with a nice growth of poplar, spruce and tamarack. The soil is of the very best, and a large quantity of hay gTows along the shores of the lake and river. I have seen blue-top grass growing six feet high. I consider it a good mixed farming country. At Wabiskaw we have a band of Crees who are purely hunting jjeoiile, and will stand as well as any other Indians in the country. They also have a large tract of land, and are very good hmiters, and imtil two years ago had made a good living. The lakes, are full of fish, but last winter they had a hard time owing to the shortage of fur; but this will right itself in a short time. At the Hudson's Bay Company's post the English Church has a boarding school, which is doing good work. The building is very good, and they are able to grow enough vegetables for their own vise. The Roman Catholic school is about 4 miles from the post. It is a new building and is quite large and well equipped for school accommodation. I visited this school last fall, and I must say that they are doing satisfactory work. The Indians in this treaty are all doing well. About 100 miles west we come to Whitefish lake, where we have a small band of Crees who roam between ^^^litefish and the height of land towards the Peace river. I have never been west of the Wliitefish lake, but from information received from the Indians who live there, it is swampy round the numerous small lakes that abound near the height of land. There are quite a number of half-breeds who live west of Whitefish lake whom I have tried for the last few years to get into treaty, but have failed to do so. Last fall they appeared before me and I took their applications for half-breed scrip. I tried to persuade them to take treaty, as I considered them living the Indian mode of life, but they insisted on having scrip. Those people who live near the lakes have a few shacks, but do not do any farming. They work small gardens and have a few horses, but no cattle. I would recommend buying them two cows from the Lesser Slave Lake Indians next spring, and if they get on well with them, wo can furnish them with more. My idea is to make haste slowly with most of these people. At Sturgeon lake, 150 miles southwest of Whitefish lake, we have a very fine country lying uetween Little Smoky river on the east to the height of land on the west, and north and south about 100 miles. These Indians had their reserves sur- veyed last sununer, and it is certainly a fine piece of country for grain-growing and cattle-raising. They have quite a number of cayuses, but I do not think they have i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGENTS 203 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 any cattle. I would recommend that I be authorized to buy, say about three or four, which would be a start for them, and to advise them to build stables to protect them in winter. By so doing we should encourage them to go into cattle-raising. About 100 miles east we come to Lesser Slave lake, where we have quite a large band of Crees, who do a great deal of fishing and hunting. They have two reserves — one at Sucker creek and one at Drift Pile ri%-er. Both of these reserves are very fine for hay and grain. They have a fine lake frontage, and, in my opinion, no nicer places can be found anywhere in the province. A few years ago the depart- ment sent in twenty-two head of cattle, some of them young, and about eight or nine cows. They have increased considerably, and the Indians take fairly good care of their cattle, and to my mind seem more adapted for stock-raising than any other occupation, and I think we should encourage more stock-raising, and by so doing benefit them more than any thing else that I know of. I have, &c., H. A. COXEOT, Inspector, Treaty 8. Depabtmext of Ixdux Affair:?, Ottawa, November 12, 1908. Fraxk Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian AffSirs, Ottawa. Sir, — In compliance with your instructions of April 1, last, I left Ottawa on the 2.3rd of the same month, going west via Toronto to Winnipeg, arriving there on the 27th. I reported to the Indian Commissioner and left Winnipeg for the Swan Lake reserve, Xo. 7, Treaty Xo. 1, and having completed the resurvey of this reserve, pro- ceeded to the Leech Lake " Little Bone ' reserve, No. 73A, and subdivided the same as per instructions. I would mention that, owing to the large mileage of lake tra- versed, I was considerably delayed in the subdivision survey of this reserve. From Leech Lake I proceeded to the Fishing Lake reserve, No. 89, and sub- divided the surrendered portion of the same as per instructions. I left the Fishing Lake reserve, ' Kylemore Siding,' on June 25 for the Lesser Slave lake, via Edmon- ton and the Athabasca Landing, going up the Athabasca river and the Lesser Slave lake by steamer, and arrived at the Lesser Slave Lake settlement ' Stony Point ' on July 13. Having engaged transport, &c., I left the Lesser Slave lake on July 17, and arrived at the Sturgeon lake on the 22nd of the same month, meeting the Indians of this band. Sturgeon Lake, next day. I had considerable trouble in arriving at an under- standing with this band regarding the location of their reserve, as they were divided in opinion as to the direction the reserve should extend ; but after the usual ' taUc,' and I having agreed to lay out a small hay reserve on the Goose lake for them, about six miles south of the Sturgeon lake, they came to an understanding, and seemed quite satisfied with the final location. As will be seen from the plan of this reserve, a number of people had already located on the lake. Sturgeon — the Koman Catholic mission, the Hudson's Bay Com- pany. Revillon Bros, and a few half-breeds. The claims of these people have been allotted and exempt from the reserve, and they all seemed satisfied with their location. Having completed the survey of this reserve, Sturgeon Lake, ou the 18th of August I left for the Whitefish lake via Lesser Slave lake, and arrived at the former 204 DEPARTMEXr OF IXDIAS AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 place on the 25th of the same month. I was delayed several days before starting the survey, waiting for the Indians to assemble. With the exception of the chief and another Indian, Samuel, No. 3. the whole of thi.s band elected to take their re- serves between the Little and the Big Whitefish lakes. The chief elected to take his reservation at the outlet of the Big Whitefi?li lake, about fifteen miles from the larger reserve, and the Indian, Samuel, selected to take his at the Little Long lake, about fifteen miles northwest of the Little Whitefish lake. Having completed the survey for the Whitefish Lake band, I returned to the Lesser Slave lake, and left there by steamer on September 24 for Edmonton via the Athabasca Landing. Arrived at Edmonton on September 30, and proceeded to Stony Plain reserve. No. 135, and completed the subdivision of the recently surrendered portion of that reserve as per instructions of September 11. From Edmonton I went to Prince Albert to make survey of some hay-lands for the Indians of Sandy Lake reserve. No. 104, as per instructions of April 7 last ; biit meeting the Indian agent from Carlton there, Prince Albert, I was informed that the Indians of this reserve had sufficient hay. In compliance with instructions of October 19, I closed up the season's work and returned to Ottawa. • I have, &c., J. LESTOCK EEID. British Columbu, Babixe and Upper Skeexa River Agency, Hazeltox, March 31, 1909. Fraxk Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit ir.y annual report and statistical statement, also list of government property in my keeping, to !March 31, 1909. Agency. — This agency is of all in British Columbia the most northerly situated, and is bounded towards the north and west by the Northwest Coast agency, towards the south by the Williams Lake agency, and on the east by the Rocky mountains. For geographical reasons and distinction of entirely different characteristics of nations, this agency is treated under two divisions. THE KITSUN DIVISIO:^". Location. — The supervision of this district begins at the Kitselas canyon of the SkeensF river, and about 90 miles below Hazelton, terminating beyond its head- waters, covering a distance of about 160 miles, exclusive of Kitwankool. situated inland on the (rail to Ayensk. Nass river, and Kisgegas, on the Babine river. 3 miles beyond its confluence with the Skeena. The other seven villages are on both banks of the latter river and end with that of Kuldoe, towards its source. Reserves. — The reserves of this division contain, collectively, an aggregate of 10,575 acres of agricultural, grazing, hay and timber land. The areas comprise in their contents mainly natural meadows with growths of poplar, balm of Gilead, willow, alder, hazel and some coniferous variety. Population. — This division has a total population of 1.160. i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AOEyTS 205 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Xatioii. — ihe Indians umier this hciuliiig- ;ire of 'the Ksun nation, the parent stock of the Tsimpsians of the coast, and its band will, hereinafter, be dealt with in the order towards the source of the Skeena. KITWAXGA BAND. Eeserves. — The reserves of this band are about equally located on both banks of the Skeena, and comprise an area of 4,275 acres. With these are included five unsurveyed allotments for fishing grounds. Population. — The population of this band is 1-lG. Health and Sanitation. — During the year, the Indians experienced the best of health, and in addition to other means, precautions are taken to have the premises and surroundings kept clean, and vaccination is attended to. Occupations. — These Indians cut cord-wood, till their gardens and work for the canneries on the coast; they also resort to fishing, hunting and trapping, and keep some stock. Buildings. — Care is taken that all buildings are located on dry and healthy ground -and are fairly arranged to combine comfort with privacy, also with windows enough to ensure the admission of sunlight and fresh air. Stock. — The cattle and horses of this band wintered without los.s, and increased attention is being given them. Farm Implements. — The implements in use are still those adapted for clearing land, gardening and haying. Education. — There is one school. It is centrally located in the village. It is making good progress. Of late years, the parents of its pupils are contributing to effect a very fair attendance. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are very intelligent, and avail them- selves of every opportunity profitable to their well-being. They are gaining the benefits of industry by becoming better provided. Temperance and Morality. — In a general respect, these people are temperate and moral. KITWAXKOOL BAND. Reserve. — The village of this band, for which no reserve has yet been appor- tioned, is the only Kitsun settlement remote from the proximity of the Skeena, and is situated on the right bank of the Kitwanga river, 25 miles westerly of Kitwanga, and 4 miles below Kitwankool lake, and on the trail connecting with Ayensk, Nass river. Population. — The population is 4.3, apart from its quota of about 115, living around the last-named locality, Kinkolith and Fishery Bay,'Nass. Health and Sanitation. — During the year, no illness of any kind was cxijeri- enced. Sanitary measures are being fairly well observed ; also, occasionally, some of the people have been vaccinated. Occupations. — These people hunt and trap and attend to their gardens. During the season the majority of this band find work about the canneries of the coast. Buildings. — Here, for want of lumber, the buildings are of the old style of shacks. Stock. — The cattle and horses wintered well and without loss, and better provi- sion is made for their shelter and keep. Farm Implements. — Only the ordinary tools for clearing, gardening, weeding and haying are in use here. Education.- — There is no school in thLs village. Some of the children attend school perioilieally at Kitwanga, and at the Nass villages of Kinkolith and Ayensk. Characteristics and Progress.— The people of fhis band are intelligent and in- dustrious, and, notwithstanding their isolated condition, have made fair progress. 206 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Temperance and Morality. — These people can be considered as temperate and moral. ANDIMAUL BAND. Reserve. — The village of this band, for which no reserve has yet been allotted, is on the right bank of the Skeeiia and situated about 6 miles above Kitwanga. Population. — The people of this village were, previously, accounted for in my reports inclusive of those of Kitwanga, Kitwankool and Kitsegukla^ respectively. The process of settling here began about 12 years ago, and eventually attained a popu- lation of 84. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians was excellent. Their premises are in a salubrious locality and are being kept clean, and some of them have been vaccinated. Occupations. — To some extent, these people fish and trap, chop cord-wood, and also during the season work about the canneries on the coast. Buildings. — Here all the houses are of a modern pattern, well lighted and com- modious, and placed on high and dry ground. Stock. — Much care was given the stock, which wintered well. Farm Implements — Only the common tools for breaking Tip land, clearing, weed- ing and haying are in use here. Education. — There is a school which is centrally located in the village. Its pupils are making good progress; their parents assist them in acquiring a good attendance. Characteristics and Progress. — The people are intelligent and energetic, and make a comfortable living. Temperance and Morality. — In respect of either of these terms, there was no occasion for censure. KITSEGULA BAND. Keserves. — The reserves of this band are located on both banks of the Skeena, and contain an area of 3,732 acres. The new and old villages are both situated on the left bank of the Skeena ; the latter about 9 miles below the first. Since reserve No. 2, comprising the new village, inclusive of the part on the opposite bank, be- came subdivided, the old habitations can be considered as abandoned. Population. — The population of the two villages of this band is 54. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians enjoyed the best of health. In the new village the premises and their environs are kept very clean, and in the old place fairly so; also vaccinating is attended to. Occupations. — The people of this band follow cutting cord-wood along the river, and work about the canneries of the coast. They also attend to their gardens and are improving their homes. They also fish, hunt and trap. Buildings. — All the houses, exclusive of those of the old village, are constructed on improved lines and placed on good healthy ground; they are also fairly commodi- ous and all lighted. Stock. — This band's few head of stock wintered well, and without loss. Farm Implements. — With the exception of a good plough, only ordinary imple- ments required for breaking up land, clearing and tilling the soil and for haying are still in use. Education. — There is a school, which, during this year, has been removed to the new village, and is located precisely central thereto. Fair progress is being made by its pupils, and their parents assist in securing a fair attendance. Characteristics and Progress. — These people are very intelligent. They are pos- sessed of no small amount of individuality and initiative, and avail themselves of every opportuni(,y. Temperance and Morality. — These people are temperate and moral. I HEPORTS OF lyOIAy AGENTS 207 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 GETAXMAX BA.ND, IIAZELTON". Eeserves. — With the exeeption of a timber reserve, on Two-mile creek, the Uiiirls of this band are located on both banks of the Skeena, and including Kocher Deboule, likewise assigned to this band — located on both banks of the Bnlkley river — com- prise an area of 3,791 acres. For the most part these lands are well watered and suitable for agrcultural and grazing purposes. Population. — This band, largely composed originally of people of other villages, has a population of 249. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of these Indians was very good. The departmental instructions regarding precautionary measures were faithfully com- plied with, and attention is given to vaccinating. No contagion of any kind made itself apparent, which applies to the whole of this division. The people are mindful of cleanliness of person, premises and their surroundings. No opportunity is neglected to impress the Indians, in general, with the dangers attending the infection of tuberculosis in its various forms and of the means of pre- venting, as much as possible, its dissemination. Cases of illness are being treated by Dr. H. C. Wrineh. and by his services many cases among the Indians of this district were successfully disposed of by surgical operations. , Occupations. — Hazelton being the terminus for ordinary communication, and the entrepot of supplies and travel for the most important part of the district, at present, the Indians of this band, with those of nearby, readily find employment of all sorts at good wages. Hunting and trapping is being consequently less resorted to, although the prices of pelts are uniformly very high, apart from those of bear. Buildings. — All buildings outside the old village are rwell jilaced, of good pat- tern, well lighted and commodious. Stock. — The horses and cattle wintered well; they were fairly well provided for. Farm Implements. — With the exception of some wagons and a harrow, the im- plements are such as are generally used for clearing, gardening, weeding and baying. Education. — There is a school. It is well attended during the season, and the parents of the pupils are taking more interest in having them attend. The school- house occupies the north end of the Hazelton towiisite, ne*r the old Indian village. Characteristics and Progress.- — The Indians of this band are industrious and provident. What they earn in wages is generally put to good use. Subdivisions of their reserves are steadily being taken up and improved. Temperance and Morality. — Though here the temptations to transgress in both respects are many, the complaints are few. GLEN VOWELL BAND. Reserve. — The village of this band is located about 4 miles above here, on the special reserve of Sikedach — grouped with the reserves of Kispiax — on the right bank of the Skeena. This reserve contains 900 acres, which is subdivided into holdings of choice agricultural and pasture lands. Population. — This band has a population of 93. Health and Sanitation. — The necessary sanitary precautions are well observed, and more of the people were vaccinated. The general health of this band was excel- lent. Occupations. — In addition to doing some fishing, hunting and trapping, the people are looking after some stock. In other respects they usually earn good wages at the various employments, to which a local saw-mill largely contributes. Much of their time is also given to the improvement of their holdings. 208 DEPARTilEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIR.-? I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Building's. — The buildings of this settlement are spaced oS and aligned, and are uniformly of modern pattern, well lighted and capacious. Stock. — Their cattle and horses wintered without loss ; good provision is made for their keep and shelter. Farm Implements. — Only the implements indispensable for breaking up laud, gardening, weeding and haying are in use. Education. — The school-house here is placed in the exact centre of the settle- ment. The school is making good progress. The parents of the pupils exhibit no little concern in seeing to their attendance. Characteristics and Progress. — The people are industrious and persevering. Much of their land has already been converted into gardens, hay-land and pasture, and more is being cleared and properly fenced; and the work generally accomplished, and, moreover, in so few years, is laudable to a great degree. Temperance and ^Morality. — This is a temperate ami moral community. KISPIAX BAND. The village of this band is located about 9 miles above and to the north of here, on the right bank of the Skeena, and on the left bank at the mouth of the Kisplax river. The principal reserve is on that side of the former river, with the reserve of Aguedin north from the village of Kispiax, and, inclusive of the special reserve of Sikedach — mentioned with the ijreeeding band — comprises a total area of 4,916 acres of agricultural, grazing and hay land, which to a large extent has been subdivided. Population. — The people of this band number 217. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the^e Indians has heen very good. The usual precautions are taken to preserve it, and more have been vaccinated. Usually, every week. Dr. Wrinch, of here, visits their village, where he main- tains a branch dispensary for the treatment of sickness and ailments occurring. Occupation.s. — These Indians operate a saw-mill, improve their land, and quite a few of them repair to the coast for employment about the salmon canneries there. Apart from other pursuits of a mixed nature, they also fish, hunt and trap. Buildings. — All buildings erected of late years are of modern type; they are of superior quality, well lighted and commodious, and are placed upon healthy soil. Stock. — The cattle and horses wintereit a few exceptions, and moral. SNONOWAS BAND (nANOOSe). Eeserve. — This reserve is situated at the mouth of the Qualicum river. It has and has an area of 209 acres. Population. — The population of this band is 14. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been very good, with the exception of a number of mild eases of small-pox, but no deaths occurred from the disease. Occupations. — These Indians' chief occupations are fishing, and manufacturing dog-fish oil; they do very little farming. Buildings. — They have a fair class of buildings. Stock. — They keep a few stock of medium quality. Farm Implements. — They have very few farm implements. Education. — There is no school on this reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — They are fairly industrious and good people. Temperance and Morality. — Generally speaking, they are temperate and moral people. QUALICUM BAND. Eeserve. — This reserve is situated on the mouth of the Qualicum river. It has an area of 197 acres. Population. — The population of this band is 14. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been very good, and the sanitary conditions all that could be expected. Occupations. — These Indians are chiefly engaged in farming, fishing, hunting, pnd acting as guides for fishing and hunting parties. Buildings. — They have good comfortable dwellings. Stock. — They have very litle stock, and it is of medium quality. Farm Implements.- — They have not many farm implements. Education. — There is no school on this reserve. Cliaracteristics and Progress. — They are law-abiding and fairly industrious people. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. COM ox BAND. Eeserve (Nos. 1, 2 and 3). — This reserve is situated on the southern shore of Comox harbour and on the left bank of the Puntledge river, at its confluence with the Tsolum river. In connection with this reserve is a graveyard on Goose spit, Comox harbour. The area of this reserve is 378 acres. Population. — The population of this hand is 44. I REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGEXTS 219 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Health and Sanitation. — These Indians have enjoyed good health, and sanitary precautions are well observed. Occupations. — Their chief occupations are fishing, hunting and farming. Buildings. — Most of them have good lumber and frame dwellings, and well kept. Stock. — Their stock is of a fair quality, and they take good care of it. Farm Implements. — They have all the necessary farm implements. Education. — There is no school on this reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — They are fairly industrious and law-abiding and are making steady progress. Temperance and Morality. — They may be termed temperate and moral Indians. GALUNO BAXD. Keserve (No. 9 of the Peuelakut band). — This reserve is located on the north- ern extremity of Galiano island, and its area is included in that of the Peuelakut baud. Population. — The population of this band is 33. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been very good dur- ing the past year, and the sanitary precautions well observed. Occupations. — These Indians are chiefly engaged in fishing and boat-building. Buildings. — There are only a few dwellings on this reserve, and they are of medium quality. Stock. — These Indians have not any stock. Farm Lnplements. — They have no farm implements. Education. — The children attend the Xuper Island industrial school. Characteristics and Progress. — They are fairly industrious and law-abiding people. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral people. MAVNE ISLAND BAXD. Reserve (No. 6 of the Saanich band). — This reserve is situated on the north- west extremity of Mayne island; its area is included in that of the Saanich bands. Population. — The population of this band is 24. Health and Sanitation. — These Indians have enjoyed good health throughout the year, and the sanitary precautions are fairly well observed. Occupations. — These Indians are principally engaged in fishing, hunting and working for the white settlers. Buildings. — Their buildings are mere shanties, constructed of cedar slabs, this being only a fishing station. Stock. — They have only a few sheep. Farm Implements. — They have not any farm implements. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding Indians, and make a good living by fishing. Temperance and Morality. — They are nearly all temperate and moral Lidians. COWICHAX LAKE BAXD. This reserve is situated on the northern shore of Cowichan lake, near its outlet; it has a total area of 130 acres. During the year a grandson of the late Charley Seatalock returned and spent a short time on the reserve, and states that he will soon make his home there. This will make the population 5. 220 I}ErARTME}iT OF IliDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 GENERAL REMARKS. The Indians throughout this agency have done fairly well during the past year, always getting good wages. One of the ex-pupils of the Kuper Island industrial school finds steady employment as an engineer in a local saw-mill, another is engaged a'j teacher at the Tsawout day school, and giving very good satisfaction. While under quarantine, during the epidemic of small-pox, their conduct was very satisfactory. The work of the industrial and day schools is much appreciated by the Indians, Hiany of the ex-pupils, by iheir exemplary lives, have an elevating influence upon the other Indians. The death-rate was lower than in the former year, the principal cau5c of death being tuberculosis. I have, &c., W. E. EOBERTSON, Indian Agent. British Columbia, Fraser RnER Agency, New Westminster, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the affairs of this agency for the year enied March 31, 1909. Tribe or Nation. — All the Indians of this agency belong to branches of the Salish nation. BANDS in the CHILVrWACK DISTRICT. Iveserves. — The following bands occupy reserves in close proximity to each other in this district, comprising a total area of 3,741 acres, viz.: Aitchelitz, Kwawkwaw- apilt, Squiahla, Skwah, Skulkayn, Skway, Soowahlie, Tzeachten and Yukkwekwioose. Population. — The total population of these nine hands is 318. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been very good. Their villages are kept in a sanitary condition, and vaccination has been attended to. Occupations. — Their occupations consist of farming, fishing, hop-picking and working as farm-hands for white settlers. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have very good dwellings and outbuildings, which they repair from time to time. They have a good breed of stock, and are well equipped with farm implements, which are well taken care of. Education. — They are anxious to have their children educated, many of whom attend the Coqualeetza Institute at Chilliwack, and others St. Mary's Mission board- ing school. Characteristics and Progress. — These people are law-abiding and industrious, and are making fair progress. Temperance and Morality. — The majority of them are temperate, and they are strictly moral. i REPORTS OF IXDIA\ AGENTS ■ 221 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 BANDS OX HOWE SOUND, BURRARD INLET AND SQUAJrlSH RIVER. Reserves. — These bands, known as the Squamish Indians, and occupying re- serves containing a total area of 6,806 acres, are as follows : Burrard Inlet, Xo. 3, Kapilano, Sqiiamiish (Howe Sound), Seymour Creek, Mission (Burrard Inlet) and False Creek. Population. — The total population of these six bands is 394. Health and Sanitation.-^Generally speaking, they have had good health during the year. They keep their houses and surroundings in a sanitary condition, and ■ most of them have been vaccinated. Occupations. — They are engaged chiefly in hunting, fishing, logging and load- ing lumber in ships at the saw-mills. They also do some farming and gardening. Buildings, Stock and Farm Implements. — Their houses are well constructed frame buildings. They have some good stock, and a fair supply of farm implements. Education. — The majority of these Indians send their children to the Squamish Mission boarding school. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious people and are making satis- factory progress. Temperance and Morality. — Some of them are fond of liquor, but they are strictly moral. CHEAM BAND. Reserve. — The reserve of this band is situated on the south bank of the Fraser river, about SO miles from its mouth, and contains an area of 1,433 acres. Population. — The population of this band is 96. Health and Sanitation. — They have enjoyed excellent health throughout the year, and they pa^ strict attention to the sanitation of their village. Occupations. — Most of their time is spent in fishing, farming, hunting, and hop- picking, and occasionally they work as farm-hands for white settlers. Building.s, Stock and Farm Implements. — They have good houses and outbuild- ings. Their stock is well cared for, and many of them have their own farm imple- ments, which they are careful to keep under cover when not in use. Education. — Some of the chils industrial school, which i.s on part of the reserve. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious, and are capable of doing good work in any ordinary sphere of labour. They can make a good living, and should advance. Temperance and Morality. — Owing to their proximity to the city of Kamloops, the opportunities of procuring intoxicants are probably greater. Old Chief Louie, at one time addicted to occasional indulgence, has quite reformed, and his example and influence count for a good deal, not only among his own ijeojile, but over the whole district. They are a fairly moral band of Indians. K.\.\AKA BAH BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, four in number, are located on the Fraser, 10 miles below Lytton. Their area is 500 acres. Population. — The population is 5.3. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared. Their houses are too small for proper ventilation, but other sanitary conditions are good. Occupatiiuis. — They produce a little hay and vegetables, but the tillable area on this reserve is relatively small. They fish, hunt, mine and work as labourers. Buildings. — These are small, and mostly old. Stock. — They have a few saddle horses and some cattle. Farm Implements. — They have sufficient. Education. — Some can attend the Lytton industrial school. (Characteristics and Progress.- — They are industrious, but cannot lay up much, or keep much stock. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. LYTTON" BAND. Reserves. — The reserves, twenty-seven in number, of this band, which is composed of several small bands, lie along both sides of the Fraser river from Lytton to Nesi- keep, 25 miles above. They contain an area of 10,292 acres, composed of table-lands and mountain slopes, where fruit and vegetables grow well. Population. — The population is 468. 234 DEFARTMEM OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Health and Sanitation. — There has been no epidemic; they have been vaccinated Sanitation is good. Occupations. — They farm in a general way, raise stock, fish, hunt, mine, and work as labourers in various ways. Buildings.— They have a fair class of buildings. Stock. — They raise good horess and cattle. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied. Education. — They have a day school in Lytton, which has been well attended dur- ing the past year, and an industrial school 2 miles distant. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious, and are doing well in agri- culture and fruit-growing. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. NICOMEN BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, five in number, are situated along the banks of the Thompson river, midway between Lytton and Cook's Ferry. They have an area of 2,976 acres, consisting of inferior bench and mountain lands. Population. — The population is 49. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared, and sanitation is good. Occupations. — They farm and raise stock on a small scale, fish, hunt, placer- mine and work as labourers. Buildings. — Their log buildings are good. Stock. — They have some small horses and a few good cattle. Education. — They have no school, but Lytton industrial school is available. Characteristics. — They appear industrious, but advance slowly. Temperance and ilorality. — They are temperate and moral. NICOLA (lower) band. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, thirteen in number, are located along the Nicola river from near its mouth to Nicola lake. Hamilton Creek reserve is also included. The area is 31,191 acres, containing good farming and grazing lands. Population. — The population is 353. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared. The death-rate has been high, but there is no assignable cause. Their houses are equal to, or above the aver- age, and as well kept, and sanitation in other respects is good. Occupations. — They farm largely on some of the reserves. The Indians of Nicola- Mameet are among our most advanced farmers. They fish a little in the local streams and lakes, and at times get a good run of salmon in the Nicola. They do some hunt- ing, but outside of their farming operations their chief source of income is from freighting, labouring and as cowboys. Since the completion of the Nicola railway freighting- has declined greatly. Buildings. — They have a good class of buildings. Stock. — They have good herds of cattle and horses; they keep good stallions and mares, and raise a superior animal. Neighbouring white settlers sometimes patronize their stallions, and Indians sometimes breed to white men's stallions, which they may fancy. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with all needful implements, and can drive good turn-outs. Education. — They have a day school at Sulus village, which has been well at- tended since opened last August. Characteristics and Progress. — They have advanced as well as any of our Indians; are excellent workers, and many of them are well-to-do. i REPORTS OF lyOIAX AGEXTS 235 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Temperance and ilorality. — A good deal of drinking is done by some of them, as is apparently bound to be the case where public works are carried on. Apart from this, they are moral and law-abiding. NESKAINLITII OR HALAUT BAND. Eeserves. — The reserves of this band, three in number, are located on the Thomp- son river, near Shuswap lake. They have an area of 6,99G acres, composed of good farming and grazing lands. Population. — The population is 160. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared; general health has beea usually good, and sanitary conditions are favourable. Occupations. — They farm quite extensively and raise stock; they fish and hunt to some extent and work as labourers. Buildings. — They have a fair class of buildings. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied. Characteristics and Progress. — They are law-abiding and industrious, and are making good progress in farming. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate and moral. NORTH THOMPSON OR CHLCHUQLALK BAND. Eeserves.— The reserves of this band are situated on the North Thompson river, about 50 miles above Kamloops. They have an area of 3,239 acres, of good farming and timber lands. Population. — The population is 125. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared. They are out of the way of medical treatment, except such as they can get by coming to Kamloops. Their houses are small and not well ventilated. In other respects sanitation is good. Building-f. — They have a poor class of buildings. Occupations. — They farm and raise stock to some extent, hunt and fish more than other Indians, and work as cowboys, packers and general labourers. Stock. — They have some good horses and cattle. Farm Implements. — They have sufiicient. Education. — Some have attended Kamloops industrial school. Characteristics and Progress. — They are good, industrious, and law-abiding people, and have made fair progress in farming. Temperance and ilorality. — They are highly temperate and moral. NICOLA (IPPEr) OR SPAHAMIN BAND. Eeserves. — The reserves of this band, eight in number, are located near the head of Nicola lake, around Douglas lake. They have an area of 30,888 acres, good farm.- iiig and grazing lands. Population. — The population is 189. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared, and sanitation is good. Occupations. — They carry on mixed farming and extensive stock-raising. They hunt and fish a little, and work as cowboys and freighters. Buildings. — They have a good class of buildings, and are steadily improving. Stock. — They have large herds of cattle and horses of the best quality of thoroughbred and pure-bred. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied. Education. — They have no schools. Some have attended the Kamloops indus- trial. 236 DEPARTMEXT OF iyUIA\ AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 (hnr.icteristics and Progress. — They are iinliistrious, and the majority of them are well ofF. Temperance and ilorality. — A few are given to drinking; most of them are tem- perate, and they are f^enerally moral. OKAXAGAN OR XKAMAPLIX BAND. Reserves. — The reserves, ten in nnmber, of thi.s band, are located aronnd the head of Okanagan lake, and on both sides. They have an area of 29,790 acres of good farming, grazing and timber lands. Population. — The population is 225. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared, and sanitation is good. Occupations. — They farm extensively, raise stock, fish, hunt and work as farm- hai d^^, cowboys and hop-pickers. Buildings. — They have a fair class of buildings. Stock. — Th -v have a number of horses for all-round work, and some good cattle. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with modern implements. Education. — Some have attended Kamloops industrial school. Characteristics and Progress.- — They are industrious, and farm well. Latterly they are growing more hay and less grain. Temperance and Morality. — Some are addicted to the use of intoxicants, but the \i.\v is being well enforced against offenders. They are fairly moral in other respects. OREGON JACK CREEK BAND. The reserves of this band are located on the right bank of the Thompson river, below Asheroft, and on Oregon Jack creek. Population. — The population is 18. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared. Sanitation is good. Occupations. — They grow hay and vegetables, fish and hunt to some extent, and work as labourers. Buildings. — These are of log, and small. Farm Implements. — They have sufficient. Stock. — They have general purpose horses and some cattle. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious, and make a fair living. Education. — They have no schools. Temperance and llorality. — They are temperate and moral. osoYOOs (nkamii') band. Reserves. — The two reserves of this band are located at the head of Osoyoos lake, and at the foot of Dog lake. The area is 32,168 acres. There ai-e some good farming, fruit and grazing lands. Population. — The population is 60. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared; houses are well kept, and sanitation is good. Occupations. — The.y grow cereals, hay, vegetables and fruit ; {i.-^h and hunt to some extent, and work as labourers. Buildings. — Those built in recent years are comfortable, and show a decided im- provement on those of earlier date. Stock. — They have a number of fair horses, and some good cattle. Farm Implements. — They have .sufficient. Education. — They have no schools. i RFPORTf} OF IXIHAX AdEXTfl 237 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Cluirafteristics and Progress. — They arc- industrious, and are doing very well in fruit-growing. Tempernnoe and ilorality. — They are temperate and moral. PESTICTOX B.VXD. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, two in number, are located at the foot of Okanagan lake. They contain 4S,69-t acres of good meadow, farming and grazing lands. Population. — The population is 158. Health and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared. The houses of these In- dians are well kept, and sanitation is good. Occupations. — They farm, raise stock and fruit, fish, hunt and work as labourers and cowboys. Buildings. — The,v have a comfortable class of buildings. Stock. — They have good horses and cattle. Farm Implements. — The.v are well supplied. Education. — The.v have no school, but a number are being educated at the public school, Penticton. Characteristics and Progress. — They arc industrious, and are making good pro- gress in farming and fruit-growing. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. SlirsWAP (little lake) of KTAIT BAND. Re-erves. — The reserves of this band, five in number, are located at the head of little Shuswap lake, and at Salmon Arm. Their area is 7,840 acres, consisting of agricultural, grazing and good timber lands. Population. — The population is 96. Health and Sanitation. — Xo epidemic has appeared. General health has been good, as is al^o sanitation. Occupations. — The.v farm a little, raise stock, fish, hunt, and work as labourers. Buildings. — These are substantial. Stock. — The.v have some good horses and cattle. Farm Implements. — The.v are well supplied. Education. — They have no schools. Some have attended the Kamloops industrial. Characteristics and Progress. — They arc industrious and law-abiding. They have cleared considerable land. Temperance and ^Morality. — Tliey are not highl.v temperate, but otherwise moral. SIMILKAMEEN', LOWER AND UPPER BANDS (CHlCHl WAVIIA . ASHNOLA AND SIIENNOSQIANKIX). Reserves. — The reserves, seventeen in number, of this band, are located along the Similkameen river, from the boundar.v line to Princeton. The area of the Lower reserve is 19.472 acres, and that of the Upper 6,438 acres, containing good bottom, bench and grazing lands. Population. — The population is: Lower, l.*?."); T'pper, 44. Health and Sanitation. — Xo epidemic has appeared and the general health has been good. Sanitation is good, and they have been vaccinated. Occupations. — They farm extensively, raise stock, fish very little, hunt, and work as labourers and cowboys. Buildings. — They have a fair class of log buildings. Stock. — They have a good number of good horses and cattle. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied. Characteristics and Progress.— They are industrious and law-abiding, and make good progress in farming and stock-raising. 238 DEPART.VEyT OF 7.VD/.1.Y AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Temperauce and Morality. — Their proximity to the international boundary line is a menace in the matter of procuring intoxicants, to which a number have become somewhat addicted ; still there is a large percentage of very good Indians among them. The moral tone is good. SISKA BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, numbering seven, are located on the Fraser river, a short distance below Lytton. Population. — The population is 29. Health and Sanitation. — They have had no epidemic ; their houses are not well ventilated, but other sanitation is good. Occupations. — They produce little from their land, which does not admit of much cultivation. They fish and Inmt considerably. Buildings. — They have a poor class of buildings. Stock. — Their stock is limited to a small number of saddle horses. Farm Implements. — They use very few. Characteristics and Progress. — They make but a bare living, and cause little trouble in any way. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. SKUPPA BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band are on the left bank of the Fraser, between Lytton and Siska. The area is 679 acres, which is not capable of much cultivation. Population. — The population is 17. Other statistics are included in Lytton band, with which it is identified. SPALLIMCHEEN BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, numbering three, are located on Spallum- cheen and Salmon rivers. The area is 9,679 acres, comprising agricultural and tim- ber lands, with some good pasture-lands on Salmon river. Population. — The population is 162. Health and Sanitation. — Xo epidemic has visited them ; sanitation is good, and they have been vaccinated. Occupations. — They farm extensively, raise stock, fish, hunt, and work as labourers. Buildings. — They have a good class of buildings. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with these. Education. — They have no schools. Characteristics and Progress. — They are very industrious, get on well, and are peaceable and law-abiding. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. SPUZZUM BAND. Reserves. — The reserves, six in number, of this band, are on the Fraser river, some distance above Yale. They have an area of 456 acres, containing some tillable land. Population. — The population is 156. Henlth and Sanitation. — No epidemic has appeared ; sanitary conditions are good, and they have been vaccinated. Occupations. — They grow some hay and vegetables, hunt, fish, mine, and work as labourers. i REPORTS OF ISDIAX AGENTS 239 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Buildings. — They have a fair class of buildings. Stock.— They have saddle horses, and some cattle. Farm Implements. — They have sutncient. Education. — They have no schools. Formerly some attended the public school at Spuzzum, when in operation, and some have attended Yale boarding school. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious, but their opportunities of advancing are limited. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. COLDWATER BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band, numbering three, are located on the Cold- water river, in the Nicola valley. They have an area of 6,276 acres of good farming, grazing and timber lands. Population. — The population is 105. Health and Sanitation.- — There has been no epidemic, and sanitation is good. Occupations. — They farm, raise stock, fish and hunt, freight, and work as lab- ourers. Buildings. — They have a good class of buildings. Stock. — They have a number of good horses and cattle. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied. Education.- — They have no schools; some have attended the Kamloops industrial school. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious, steady and extremely law- abiding. They have made good progress in fanning. Temperance and Morality. — They are among our most temperate and moral Indians. GENERAL REMARKS. The Indians of this agency, taken as a whole, are industrious, and this ap- plies probably more to the women than to the men. They have made rapid, I might say astounding, progress in many ways in adapting themselves to our civiliza- tion and mode of life. This can better be appreciated by one who has seen much of Indian life and transformation in the past thirty or forty years. It would appear to the observer that the women had not advanced along with the men. The explanation appears to be that the woman is more domestic in her nature and habits. The man moves about among men, takes part in much that he sees, and assimilates as much as he can — and he is a great observer — while the woman may be at home, busy with some household duty, or, as sometimes happens, working on the farm. On occasion both can make a good appearance in dress and turn-out, comparing favour- ably with the average settler. The industrial schools at Kamloops and Lytton continue successfully the work of education and instruction. Two day schools have been in operation at Lytton and Shulus (Nicola), the former for over a year, and the latter since last August. Both have been well attended, and the Indians are taking quite an interest in the question. These schools are to some extent in connection with the Anglican Church. The demand among the Indians appears to be for secular education. The Indian hospital at Lytton, under the charge of Rev. E. W. W. Pugh, and Dr. Sanson, visiting medical attendant, has given relief to many suffering Indians. In concluding this report, I must feelingl.v refer to the incomparable loss sus- tained by the Indians of the Anglican Church in the death of the Venerable Arch- deacon Small, which occurred recently. He gave his time, his substance, his life to 240 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX .1FF.1//?.V i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 the uplifting of the Indian race. ' Take him all in all. we ne'er shall see his like again.' I have, &e., A. IRWIN, Indian Agent. PRf)ViNX'E OF British Columbia, KOOTEXAY Agen'cv, Steele, April 29, 1909. Frank Pedlev. Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the affairs of this agency for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location of Agency. — The agency is situated ia the southeast portion of British Columbia and is bounded b.y the Rocky mountains on the north and east, by the states of Montana, Idaho and Washington on the south, and by the Okanagan agency on the west. ST. m.^ry's band, no. 1. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of the band belong to the Kootenay tribe. Reserve. — The reserve of the St. Mary's band is on the Kootenay river, nearly opposite the town of Steele, and contains 17,425 acres of bottom and bench land, upon which is some excellent timber. The Isidore Ranch, near Steele Junction, has an area of 680 acres, mostly good bottom-land. The Miyuke Ranch, on the Crow's Nest Railway, consists of 160 acres of arable and swamp land, upon which good hay i> grown. The Bummer Flat Ilay reserve contains 190 acres. The industrial school reserve, 3,3 acres, nearly all under cultivation, and the agency reserve, 11 J acres. Population. — The population of the band is 217. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians of the band was fairly good. There was no epidemic amongst them. The village of St. Eugene was cleaned up several times during the season, and the refuse removed, and those requiring vac- riuation were attended to. Occupations. — The Indians engage in farming, stock-raising, packing, trapping, h Hilling and fishing. They are also employed in the lumber camps, hauling ties to the railway. A number find work amongst the ranchers in the neighbourhood of the reserves, clearing land, ploughing and attending to the stock. Juiildings. — The cottages at the Indian village of St. Eugene are neat, comfort- able and well lighted, and those on the reserve are of logs and are well built. Stock. — The cattle and horses owned by the band are of a fairly good class, which they ar': trying to improve by the exchange or purchase of better stock. This !■< piirlieularly noticeable amongst the horses, and the Indians are beginning to realize that ihc diniand is for a medium heavy, serviceable animal. Farm Implements. — They are well supplied with wagons, ploughs, harrows, mowers and rakes, which are carefully housed for the winter. Education. — The only school in the agency is the Kootenay industrial, situated near the reserve, at the St. Eugene village. It is under the care of the Rev. James Wagner, O.M.I. , as principal, with the Sisters of Charity as teachers. The work done at the institution is most satisfactory, and T cannot speak too highly of the zeal i i REPORTS OF IXDIAX AGEyTS |241 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 and fidelity of those in charge. The parents of the pupils visit the institution from time to time, and appear to realize that a good work is being done for their children, and this is shown by their anxiety to have them admitted when a vacancy occurs. His Excellency the Governor General of the Dominion paid the school an in- formal visit last fall, during a trip through the Kootenays, and expressed himself much pleased with what he saw. Strangers from time to time call at the institution, and appear delighted and surprised at the character of the work done at the school. A new band-master was recently appointed, and a marked change for the better is very noticeable. Characteristics and Progress. — The Indians of the band are fairly industrious, and the ex-pupils of the industrial school are a great help and assistance to their friends and relatives, and an improvement in the way the work is done on the farms is noted. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are a very temperate and moral hand rnd most attentive to their religious duties. TOBACCO PLAIX.S DAXD, NO. 2. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band are Kootenays. Reserve. — The reserve is close to the state of Montana at the international boundary, and contains 10,560 acres of prairie and open tinilsered land, a good deal of which can be brought under cultivation, but irrigation would be necessary. Population. — The population of the band is 57. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indians has been very good, and there has been no epidemic among them. The Indian village, where they mostly reside, is on a gravelly bench, and the sanitary surroundings are good, and conducive to health. Occupations. — These Indians follow farming and stock-raising. A few do some trapping and hiuiting. The young men tind work in the saw-mills near by. Building.-. — The dwellings are built mostly of logs, as lumber is expensive; they are very comfortable, and are clean and fairly well kept. These Indians have also a number of stables, barns and sheds for their cattle and horses. Stock. — The stock consists of horses and cattle, both of which have been greatly improved of late years. Farm Implements. — These consist of ploughs, harrows, rakes, mowers, wagons and sleighs, which they are adding to from time to time as their means will permit. Characteristics and Progress. — They are steadily improving their farms, by more careful cultivation, also by the erection of new fencing, repairing old ones, and cleaning, enlarging and extending their irrigation ditches. They are very law-abiding and industrious. Temperance and Morality. — They live in close proximity to the international boiinilary, where the liquor laws are not strictly enforced, yet, I am pleased to say that, although exposed to many temptations, they are a temperate and moral band, with one or two exceptions. LOWER COHMBU BAND. NO. 3. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians belong to the Kootenay tribe. Reserve. — The reserve is located in the Windermere district, between Lakes Fair- mont and Windermere, ou the headwaters of the Columbia river, and has an area of 8A5(y acres of good land, gradually sloping towards Lake Windermere, and is easily irrigated, as it has several creeks running through it. Population. — The population of the band is 76. 27— i— 16 242 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAy AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Health and Sanitation. — There was no epidemic amongst them, and their health generally has been good. Vaccination was carefully looked after by the medical attendant. Dr. Eliot. As a rule, their dwellings are fairly well kepi, and during the summer they live in tents, which they move frequently from place to place. Occupations. — They follow farming and stock-raising as their principal indus- try. A few hunt, trap and fish. The young men find work driving and herding cattle for the settlers in the neighourhood, and during the harvest season assist at threshing and stacking grain. Buildings. — Their dwellings are mostly of logs, and with the exception of one dwelling very little efFort has been made to improve their cottages, owing to the high price of lumber and the difficulty in obtaining it. Stock. — Of late years the horses of the band have been greatly improved, and the prices obtained have still further induced one or two to purchase thoroughbred stal- lions. The cattle are of a fairly good class, and show advancement in breeding. Farm Implements. — These Indians own mowers, rakes, ploughs, harrows, wagons and sleighs, and look after them carefully. Characteristics and Progress. — They are steadily improving their farms, by better cultivation and by the erection of good substantial fences. They are a most indus- trious band, law-abiding, and, as a rule, give the authorities no trouble. Temperance and Morality. — They still maintain their reputation for being a temperate and moral-living people. '^^ LOWER KOOTENAY B.4ND, KO. 4. Tribe or Nation. — The Indians of this band are Kootenays. Keserve. — The reserve is situated in the West Kootenay district on the line of the Crow's Nest Railway, and is about 3 miles north of the international boundary, Idaho. It contains 1,831J acres, a large part of which is subject to overflow from the Kootenay river. After high water excellent hay can be cut on this land, which is useful for a winter feeding ground for the cattle and horses. The bench-land is heavily timbered, and is difficult and expensive to clear, but when once this is done, it is very valuable for fruit-growing. Population. — The population of the band is 155. Health and Sanitation. — While there was no epidemic amongst these Indians, there was a good deal of pneumonia and grippe and infantile diseases, which caiised a number of deaths. The sanitary conditions at the little village are steadily improv- ing, and the class of dwclling.s that is being erected from time to time is better lighted and ventilated than formerly. Occupations. — Cattle and horse raising are their principal occupations. A num- ber hunt, fish and trap. As Creston has developed and enlarged the fruit-raising industry, many of these Indians find steady employment for themselves and families during the fruit season, picking and packing berries for the markets of Saskatchewan and Alberta. Several weeks in advance are their services secured by the fruit-growers, who consider the Indian help much more satisfactory than that of the Chinese. Buildings. — The dwellings are mostly of logs, and are fairly comfortable. These Indians have a number of sheds and barns, in which "they store their hay for winter iise. Stock. — They have several bands of cattle and horses, which they have lately made an effort to improve. Farm Implements. — These consist principally of mowers, rakes and ploughs, and recently the department supplied them with an improved stump-puller, with which they intend clearing some of the bench-land, which they will utilize for fruit, grain and vegetables. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are steadily advancing from the nomads of a few years ago, and are quickly adapting themselves to the white man's way of living and his style of dress. i REPORTS OF IXDIAN AGEXTS 243 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 They are good workers, and are employed by the settlers around Creston. They are law-abiding, and, as a rule, give the authorities very little trouble. Temperance and Morality. — There are very few who are given to the use of in- toxicants, and the majority are well conducted and of good morals. SHUSWAP OR KLNBASKEt's R\ND, NO. 5. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians originally came from the Okanagan country, and settled at the headwaters of the Columbia river (now known as Windermere) many years ago. They are Shuswaps, and have relatives living at Salmon Arm. Reserve. — The reserve is situated on the right bank of the Columbia river, near Toby creek, and has an area of 2,759 acres. The land is adapted for raising grain, fruit and vegetables. There is also a portion that grows some swamp grass, which the Indians cut for winter feed. Population. — The population of the band is 58. Health and Sanitation. — There was some sickness amongst these Indians during the fall, but no epidemic. They suffered from severe colds and grippe, and were carefully looked after by the medical attendant. Those requiring it were vaccinated. Occupations. — They follow farming and stock-raising as their chief industry. The older ones fish, hunt and trap, and the young men do a good deal of freighting and packing. Buildings. — Their dwellings are principally of hewn logs, are well lighted and ventilated, and in many eases comfortably furnished. They have a number of good bams, stables and sheds for their cattle and horses. Stock. — They own several bands of cattle and horses, which they take pride in improving and caring for. Farm Implements. — They purchase the latest improved farm implements, which, when not in use. are housed for the winter in sheds put up for the purpose. Characteristics and Progress. — They are the most progressive Indians in the agency, but are, however, inclined to spend more than they earn or realize from the sale of their farm produce. They are intelligent, and show if in the way they cul- tivate the land. They are trying fruit-raising and have been fairly successful. Temperance and ^forality. — I am glad to say that the very few who were given to the use of intoxicants have reformed, and the firm measures that were adopted to stamp out the evil have been a success. These Indians have always borne a good character for temperance and morality, and still retain that reputation. They are law-abiding, and live as good and useful Indians should. ARROW LAKE BAND, NO. 6. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians are Shuswaps, and originally came from the Okanagan country. Reserve. — The reserve is in West Kootenay, and is situated on the west side of Arrow lake, and has an area of 255 acres. The soil is adapted for the growing of fruit and vegetables Population — The population of the band is 2.3. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the Indian? has been fairly good. They live in tents during the summer, and move from place to place, so that unsanitary conditions are prevented. Occupations. — They follow hunting, trapping and fishing. As the district is rapidly becoming a fruit-growing section, they find plenty of work on the different ranches, and their services have proved useful to those who employ them. Bnildingi. — Their houses are- of lumber, and are clean, well ventilated and lighted. 27— i— 16* 244 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Stock. — They own no .stock of any kind. Farm Implements. — These consist of spades, hoes and rakes. Characteristics and Progress. — They are a very industrious little band, earn good wages and know how to save their money. They dress neatly and their clothing is wa^m antl comfortable. They are well spoken of by the settlers in the neighbour- hood as being honest and industrious. Temperance and Morality. — They are not given to the use of intoxicants, and live good, moral lives, and are free from the vices so common amongst many Indians. GENERAL REJI.\HKS. The Indians of the agency are making marked progress in farming and stock- raising, and the ex-pupils from the industrial school have helped greatly to this end. The depression in the lumbering industry was greatly felt by both Indians and whites, and the demand for help in the lumber camps was much less than in previous years, and the prices for hay, grain and vegetables declined and were unsatisfactory, but the prospect of a revival of the industry is now assured and all are looking forward to a better condition of affairs. I have, &c., R. L. T. GALBRAITH. Indian Agent. British Columbia, KwAWKEWLTH Agency, Alert Bay, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the affairs of this agency for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location of Agency. — This agency extends from Cape Mudge on the south to Smith inlet on the north, and includes all the islands between those points; the main- land from the entrance to Bute inlet to Smith inlet ; the east side of Vancouver island from Kuhushan Point to Cape Scott; the west coast of Vancouver island as far south as Klaskino inlet, and from there, following a southeasterly direction, to Kuhus- han Point. The Indians in this agency belong to two nations, namely. Kwawkewlth and Lachwiltach, each being divided into several tribes of varying niuubets. The language with some unimportant differences, is the same. Formerly there were a large number of tribes or bands in this agency, but owing to the gradiuil decrease in num- bers they have been gradually assimilating, till at the present time there are really only fourteen distinct bands. As the interests and ways of all these bands are very similar, and in view of the fact that my last two reports have been very exhaustive, J feel that without any injustice being done, the w'lob w^ency can be taken undei the one heading. Reserves. — The total area of the reserves in this agency is 16,585 acres, divided as follows: Koskemo, 394 -5 acres; Klawatsis and Matilpi, 172 acres; Kwatsino, 645 acres; Kwashela, 716 acres; Kwawkewlth, 259-25 acres; Mamalillikulla, 574 "5 acres; J^akwakto, 684 acres; Nimkish, 445-5 acres; Nuwitti, 8.606 acres, including the whole i REPORT.'^ OF IXniAy AG EXT f; 245 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 cf Hope island; Tanaktouk, 565-75 acres; Tsawataineuk, 852-5 acres; Wawlitsum or Salmon River band, 329 acres; Wewaiaikum or Campbell River band, 675-5 acres; Wcwaiaikai or Cape*Mudge band, with 1,665 -5 acres. Only abont twenty-five per cent of these reserves are suitable for agriculture. Many of them are mere fishing stations at the mouth of some stream, in some in- stances there being hardly enough level land to build two or three fishing shacks. At Kingcome Inlet there is some splendid agricultural land, and at Salmon River there is a reasonable quantity; but in most instances where the land is fit for culture, it is very heavily wooded, and would cost a great deal to clear and put under cultivation. Population. — The total population of the agency is 1,263, divided as follows: Jioskemo, 57: Klawatsis and Matilpi, 99; Kwatsitio, 22; Kwashela, 33; Kwawkewlth, 114; Mamalillikulla, 94; Xakwakto, 96; Nimkish, 137; Nuwitti, 61; Tanakteuk, 95; Tsawataineuk, 227; Wawlitsum, 36; Wewaiaikum, 77; Wewaiaikai, 115. Health and Sanitation. — During the past year there has been no epidemic of any kind, and yet the death-rate has been higher than formerly, being considerably higher than the birth-rate. A number of deaths have occurred from old age and general breaking up, but apart from that pulmonary trouble has caused the greatest loss of life. Tip to the present time there has been no medical man in any way connected with the agency, the only doctor being the resident doctor at Queen's hospital at Rock Bay; biit as the hospital was not equipped to handle Indian patients, none of them went there except in great emergency. There is, however, a promise of a very great improvement in this respect for the future. The Columbia Coast mission that oper- ates Queen's hospital, at Rock Bay, and Columbia hospital, at Van Anda, has just completed a hospital at Alert Bay. To assist this hospital the Department of Indian Afl'airs has given a generous grant towards the building and equipment, and has made provision towards maintenance of the hospital and towards the salary of a doctor, who will be in residence. This hospital has separate wards for the treatment of Indian patients, who will receive exactly the same treatment as white patients. It has been impressed upon the minds of the Indians generally throughout this agency the absolute necessity for keeping their premi-ses clean. Very few of them have been vaccinated, and they are very unwilling to submit to the ordeal. Occupations. — The principal occupation of the Indians in the whole agency is fishing. Early in April the run of oulachons begins. This is a small fish somewhat larger than a smelt, which runs in great abundance in many of the rivers along the coast. This fish is caught in great numbers, and piled in huge heaps on the bank imtil it becomes wholly or partially rotten. This process releases the oil from the fi^h. The whole mass i.s then treated by boiling in great wooden vats, when the oil rises to the s\irface. and is skimmed off. !Many tons of this oil are made every season, and it forms one of the staple articles of diet of all the coast Indians. It is also an article of commerce amongst them. This keeps them busy until about June 1. Before the end of June they are stationed at some of the many canneries along the coast, and are kept there until about the middle of August. From then until about the end of November they are kept more or less busy curing their winter supply of salmon and berries. During the winter months some of them hunt and trap, but not to any great extent. T'ntil recently many of the younger men have been engaged in hand-logging operations, but the action of the government of the province in not renewing the hand-loggers' licenses did away with that means of livelihood. The licenses are again being issued, but the conditions of issue are .so difficult, necessitating a special trip to Victoria, that it is questionable whether many of them will be in a position to avail themselves of the opportunity. A considerable sum is still earned by a few in canoe- ing and guiding timber cruisers, but not to nearly the same extent as formerly. I have constantly been urging them to pay more att<>ntion to the cultivation of the land, as each tribe or band has more or less good agricultural land. This matter is begin- ning to be taken into consideration. 246 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Buildings. — In regard to buildings this agency is far behind most of the others. The prevailing style of house is a huge shack built with split cedar boards covering a framework of great cedar logs, in most instances well dressed and often carved. Many of the fronts of the houses are of dressed lumber, usually rustic. Recently they have built smaller frame houses to sleep in, which are badly ventilated, but the rest of the living is in the big houses. These houses are wanted for the gatherings which they hold on every possible occasion. There are a few very creditable houses, how- ever, in addition to the shacks already mentioned. Stock. — There is practically no stock kept by any of the Indians in the agency. One horse was kept at Cape Mudge, but was shot by mistake a short time ago. It was always fairly well cared for. At Salmon River the department has recently as- sisted the Indians to purchase a team of horses. At Alert Bay there are several cows, which are well oared for. In every village a few fowls are kept. Farm Implements. — With the exception of one plough, there are no farm imple- ments belonging to this agency. Education. — Educational matters are at a very low ebb in this agency. The In- dians, as a whole, are very indifferent about the matter. Formerly they were antagon- istic, but this has developed into absolute indifference. At Alert Bay is located the Alert Bay industrial school, which is the only unqualified success in regard to schoofe in the agency. There are at present only 25 boys in residence, a number of whom come from the Northwest Coast agency. The school is well situated, and is very ably managed by Mr. A. W. Corker under the auspices of the Church Missionary Society. The boys make great progress, and seem to be very happy in the school. It is mainly through industrial and boarding schools that the salvation of this people will come. The boys who received their training at this school, and are now the young men of the district, are far ahead of those who did not attend school, and this fact is begin- ning to be recognized. The people, as a whole, are only dimly recognizing the useful- ness of education. Wliat is badly needed in the agency is a good boarding school for girls. The girls are not being educated to nearly the same extent as the boys. The old people have always looked upon girls as a kind of available asset, and do not wish them to be educated and adopt civilized ways and choose their own life partner. This fact has much to do with the lack of advancement. There are three day schools in the agency, situated at Alert Bay, Kingcome Inlet and Cape Mudge. These schools have always had competent teachers, but the attendance has always been so irregular that the results have not been satisfactory. One thing that militates against all the day schools is the fact that the Indians travel round so much. They go away from home for weeks at a time, and take the whole family with them. If spoken to on the matter of taking the children away from school, they always reply that there is no one to look after the little ones, consequently they must take them with them. This does not apply to the industrial school. It is true that at this school the boys take a longer holiday than the three weeks allowed by the department, but, when they do return, they stay as a rule iintil the end of the term. The children themselves learn quite as readily as white children, but when they are taken away from school, after only being in attendance for a short time, by the time they return they forget what they have already learned, and have to go over it again. Characteristics and Progress. — These people, like most Indians, are averse to being tied down to anything regular. They work hajd, but it is not systematically done, and is done by fits and starts. The idea of the value of a minute has not yet become apparent to them. They are naturally inclined to any mechanical work, but are somewhat averse to hard physical effort. Their living has always come easily to them. The sea teems with their natural food, and they are experts in the manner of getting it. They earn enough money at the salmon fishing to buy what extras they want, and as a consequence they have never felt the ' spur of necessity.' As a whole, they are law-abiding. Only two serious offences have been committed by any of them during the past year. One man is doing a term of seven years in the penitentiary for i REPORTS OF IXDIAN AGENTS 247 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 criminal assault, and another is now awaiting trial for a similar offence. There is always considerable money in circulation amongst them, and one and all are very hospitable and ready to assist those who are in need. Temperance and Morality. — I am very pleased to be able to record that intem- perance on the whole is very much on the decrease in this agency. Amongst the Campbell Eiver and Cape Mudge bands, a great deal of liquor still finds its way to the Indians. There have been several convictions where white men supplied liquor, but the chief difficulty lies in getting evidence to convict. One may be morally cer- tain that a certain person actually did supply, but it must have undoubtable evi- dence before a proper conviction can be secured, and hence the difficulty in the sup- pression of the traffic. Two of the better educated of the young men in the northern end of the agency got into the habit of writing to wholesale houses in Vancouver and getting the liquor shipped to them by some of the freight-boats plying up and down the coast. They gave the names of white men in their correspondence, but in one particular instance the magistrate in Vancouver decided that the dealer must first satisfy himself that the customer was not an Indian before shipping, and this decision having become public property, it has almost stopped this system of obtain- ing liquor. The Indians themselves in question were both given terms of imprison- ment. In regard to morality, I regret that there is not more improvement. Women are in the minority, and prostitution is too rife amongst them. There are many exceptions to this, but as a whole these people are not moral from our standpoint. Owing to the peculiar marriage customs by which a marriage is not really a mar- riage but an agreement for a short period of time, it is not to be wondered at that the marriage vows are not held sacred. Education is, however, gradually having its in- fluence over them, and it is to be hoped that at least the next generation will profit by the lessons which are being taught them. General Remarks. — The past year on the whole has been a fairly prosperous one for the Indians. Hand-logging practically ceased for some time, but other employ- ments opened up for those who were looking for work, but the returns were not as big. In several instances the various tribes are considering the idea of doing more cultivation of the land. In some instances fruit-trees are being set out and gardens being put in. If the people could only be persuaded to give up their old customs and adopt \he civilized mode of life, there would soon be a very great improvement in every direction. Unfortunately, the older people are so wedded to their old cus- toms and their influence is so strong that it keeps the rest back. I feel that I cannot overlook the opportunity to speak a word in praise of the missionaries who are working amongst the people. They have had a hard, up-hill ifight, but have ' stood to their guns ' and acquitted themselves like men. They have had very many discouragements, but are beginning to see a better prospect for the future. The Indians themselves are realizing that, if they do not amend and lead ■different lives, they will soon pass away, and this fact will assist the missionary in his work. I have, &c., W. M. HALLIDAT, Indian Agent. 248 DEPAHTMESr OF IXDlAy AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 British Columbia, Northwest Coast Agency. METLAIiATLA, April 29, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report respecting the affairs of this agency for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location of Agency. — This agency is located on the northwest coast of British Columbia, extending from the head of Rivers inlet in the south, to the head of Nass river in the north, including all the islands and inlets on the coast, extending wp the Skeena river to Kitselas canyon, and taking within its boundaries the Queen Char- lotte and Dolphin islands. The total area of the reservations in this agency is 98,537 acres. Population. — The population of this agency is almost 4,000. Reserves. — The principal reserves are Skidegate and Massett. on the Queen Charlotte islands; Kitkatla on the Dolphin island; Kitlacdamax, Aiyansh, Lach- kalsap and Kincolith, on the Nass river; Port Simpson and Metlakatla, on the Tsimpsean peninsula; Port Essington and Newtown, on the Skeena river; Hartley Bay, at the entrance of Douglas channel; Kitamat, at the head of Douglas channel; China Hat, on Tolmy channel; Bella Bella, on Lama passage; Bella Coola, at the head of Rivers Inlet. These reserves can now be termed the headquarters of the head of Bentick arm; Kem.squit, at the head of Dean channel; Oweekayno, at the Indian people of this extensive agency. SKIDEGATE BAND. Reserves. — The reserves are situated in close proximity to Skidegate inlet. Queen Charlotte islancLs, with an acreage of 1,613 acres, with Skidegate village, situated near the mouth of the inlet. The land is generally rough and \insuitable for agriculture. Population. — The population is 239. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians during the year was fairly satisfactory. The sanitary conditions are improving every year. Occupations. — Fishing, during the season, is mostly followed by these people, and hunting fur-bearing animals during the winter season. A few of the men remain at home, making Indian curios out of wood and stone, and their women making fancy and useful baskets. Buildings. — They have comfortable and well furnished homes. Education. — They have a day school; the children are intelligent, and when thoy are at home make good progress. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are self-supporting and well-to-do. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate. The morality of these Indians is improving. MASSETT BAND. Tribe or Nation. — The members of the Massett band, like the Skidegate band, are of the Haida nation. Reserve. — The reserves of this band are located on Graham island, one of the Queen Charlotte group, and have an area of 1,872 acres. The land is level, and mostly adapted for agriculture. i }!t:poRT!< OF iSDiAy AOEyr.s 249 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Population. — The population is 375. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has improved. The sanitary conditions are fairly good. Occupations. — Hunting and fishing are the principal occupations of these Indians. Buildings. — They have comfortable dwellings, and some of the homes are well furnished. Stock. — They have a few horses and cattle. Education. — They have one day school, under the direction of Rev. W. E. Colli- son. The children are making good progress. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and law-abiding, and are making good progress along the lines of civilization. Temperance and Morality. — They are a temperate people; morally, an improve- ment is shown. K1TLACDAM.\X BAND. Tribe or Xation. — These Indians belong to the Xeishga nation. Reserve. — The reserves of this band are situated at the head of Xass river, and are well adapted for purposes of agriculture; some small reserves are located at the mouth of small streams, and are used for camping grounds during the salmon-curing for food purposes, by these Indians. Population. — The population is 105. Health and Sanitation. — The health has been good among these Indians; the sani- tation is fairly good. Occupations. — Fishing, during the season, and hunting and trapping during the winter are their chief employments. Buildings. — They live in old-style Indian houses, which are comfortable and warm. Stock. — They own a few horses and cattle. Education. — Some of the children attend the school at Aiyansh; they have no school of their own. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and self-supporting. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate. Their morality is im- proving. AIVA-NSH BAND. Tribe or Natiou. — They belong to the Xeishga nation. Reserves. — This reservation is situated adjoining the southern portion of the Kit- lacdauiax le erve. and has an area of nearly 2,300 acres. The land is well adapted for niixed mrniing. They have small fishing stations, which they use when securing food. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good. The sanitary arrangements are fairly good. Buildings. — They have comfortable and warm dwellings; a few are well furn- ished. Occupations. — Farming, fishing and hunting are the occupations of these Indians. Education. — They have a day school, which is kept open the greater part of the years. Characteristics and Progress. — These people are industrious, and are progressing. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate. Morally, their record is good. LACHKALSAP BAND. Tribe or .Nation. — These Indians are of the Neishga nation. Reserves. — The reserves of this band are located on the Xass river, about 15 to 20 miles from its month, having a total acreage of 4,356J. The small reserves are old Indian villages, located at the mouths of small salmon streams. 250 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Population. — The population is 142. Health and Sanitation. — The health of thi.s band has been good. Sanitary con- ditions show improvement. Occupations. — These Indians are good fishermen, and during the salmon season fish at the Nass river canneries, the women working inside the canneries, cleaning Ish and tilling cans. They engage largely in the oulachon fishing during March and April, curing and extracting grease from this important item of food of the northern coast Indians. They are good hunters and obtained a fair catch of furs. They also do some hand-logging to supply their saw-mill. Buildings. — They have comfortable homes. Stock. — They have a few cattle. Education. — They have a small day school, taught by Rev. E. P. Laycock, the first two quarters, and by Miss Waterman the last two quarters. The children made fairly good progress. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are fairly temperate. Morally their record is good. KITXILLUCIISIULT BAND. Tribe or Nation. — They belong to the Neishga nation. Reserve. — This small reservation is located on the Nass river, just below the canyon. The land in some places is suitable for gardens, but cannot be called agri- cultural land. Population. — The population is 57. Health and Sanitation. — The health of this small band of Indians was good. Sanitary conditions are slightly improving. Occupations. — These Indians chiefly engage in hunting and fishing. Buildings. — The majority of these Indians occupy the old-style Indian houses. Education. — Some of the children attend school at Lachkalsap. Characteristics and Progress. — They are careless about themselves and show very little progress. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate and moral. KINCOLITH B.AND. Tribe or Nation. — These Indians are of the Neishga nation. Reserves. — The reserves of this band are located on the lower Nass river, Port- land canal and Observatory inlet. They contain a total area of 5,135 acres. The larger reserves are mostly mountainous and of little commercial value. The small reserves are old Indian villages, and are laid off at the mouth of small streams, from which the Indians of this band secure their salmon for food purposes; small gardens are found on them. Population. — The populati(m is 249. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians was good and the sanitary conditions are satisfactory. Occupations. — These Indians are good fishermen. During the salmon-fishing sea- son they fish for the canneries, the women and children working in the canneries. During the winter they are engaged in hunting, logging and cutting wood. Buildings. — They have good comfortable dwellings and in most cases well fur- nished. Education. — They have one day school, taught by Miss E. Collison. The child- ren are making very good progress. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are among the most advanced in the agency, and they are very progressive. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate; their moral character is good. i REPORTS OF lyOIAy AGEyiS 251 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 PORT SIMPSON" BAND. Tribe or Nation. — They belong to the Tsimpsean tribe. Keserves. — This is the principal reserve in this agency from the standpoint of size; the total area is nearly 31,000 acres. The land is generally unfit for cultiva- tion, but portions of it are suitable for vegetable gardens. Population. — The population is 709. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these people has been good, except that during the severe winter a number of the people contracted colds, which in several cases developed into pneumonia and proved fatal. Occupations. — These Indians are chiefly engaged in hunting, fishing and log- ging: a large number are also employed in the saw-mills. Buildings. — They have comfortable dwellings, which in most cases are well fur- nished. Education. — The Crosby Girls' Home is one of the up-to-date institutions of this agency. Miss Paul, the principal, and her lady assistants, are doing good work. The boys' boarding school, Rev. G. H. Raley, principal, is also doing good work. The day school is in charge of Mr. L. Dineen, and is well attended when the people are at home. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and are making steady progress. Temperance and Morality. — They are mostly temperate and moral. METLAKATL.\ BAND. Tribe or Nation. — They belong to the Tsimpsean tribe. Reserves. — The reserves of this band are located on the southern half of the Tsimpsean peninsula and the nearby islands ; the total area is 15,454 acres. Population. — The population is 193. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians was good, and the sanitary conditions are likewise good. Occupations. — Fishing and hunting are the principal occupations of these In- dians. A few are employed at the saw-mills. Buildings. — They have very comfortable dwellings, which with very few excep- tions are well furnished. Education.— They have one day school, taught by Miss H. Jackson. The child- ren have made good progress. The boys' and girls' industrial schools were closed in April last. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious, and are making steady progress. Temperance and Morality. — They are mostly temperate and moral. KITKATLA BAND. Tribe or Nation. — They belong to the Tsimpsean tribe. Reserves. — The principal reserve is located on Dolphin island; the total area, including several small fishing reserves, is 4,640 acres. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good. Sanitary conditions are fairly good. Occupations. — These Indians are princiaplly engaged in logging, fishing and hunting. Education. — There is a day school under the direction of Rev. R. H. Gurd. It was taught the first half of the year by an Indian teacher, and the last half of the vear bv ^fiss "Nf. Gurd. 252 DEPAErMEXT OF lyOlAN AFFAIRS l 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Characteristics and Prog-rcs;;. — They are very superstitious. The progress is good. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are temperate and moral, with but few exceptions. PORT ESSINGTON, KITSUJIKALUM AND KITSELAS BAKDS. Tribe or Nation.— They belong to the Tsimpsean tribe. Eeserves. — The reserves of these Indians are all located on the Skeena river. The Port Essington special reserve adjoins the town of Port Essington. The Kit- sumkalum and the Kitselas reserves, situated some TO or 80 miles up the Skeena river, contain some good agricultural land. Population. — The population is 193. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good. Sanitary conditions are improving. Occupations. — These Indians make their living by hunting, fishing and logging. A number of them were also engaged to carry freight to the different railway camps, while steamboat navigation was closed. Buildings. — The Port Essington Indian.? have fairly good dwellings. The houses of the Kitsumkalum and Kitselas Indians are mostly very poor and dilapidated. Education. — Miss Tranter teaches the children at Port Essington, and they are making good progress. They have also a Methodist mission school at Newton, Kit- selas, which is taught by an Indian teacher. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious. The progress is very slow. Temperance and Morality. — They are not very temperate or moral. HARTLEY BAY AND ClllXA HAT BANDS. Reserves. — The reserves of these Indians are situated on the coast line, and in general are of rugged nature and not adapted for agricultural purposes. They are principally used for hunting grounds. They contain an area of 2,059J acres. Population. — The population is 155. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good. Sanitary conditions are improving. Occupations. — Hunting, fishing and logging are the occupations of these Indians. Buildings. — They live with few exceptions in the old-style Indian houses. Education. — They have a day school in each village. Rev. G. Read teaches the children at China Hat. They are making good progress. At Hartley Bay the school was closed for the larger portion of the year, a teacher not being available. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious and are progressing. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate and moral. KITLOPE BAND. Reserve. — This reserve is located on Gardener channel, and is suitable for hunt- ing purposes only. The area of this reserve is 352i acres. Population. — The population is 65. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good. Sanitary conditions are somewhat improving. Occupations. — They are making their living by fishing and hunting. Buildings. — They live in the old-style Indian houses and are fairly comfortable. Education. — Some of the children attend the Kitamat school. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are hard workers. Their progress is very slow. Temperance and Morality. — They are temperate and moral. i REPORTS OF /.VD/A.Y AOEyTS 253 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 KlTAilAT BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of these Indians are all Licated on Douglas channel, and are not adapted for agricultural purposes. They contain an area of 907 acres. Population. — The population is 271. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been good. Sanitary conditions show a great improvement. Occupations. — The principal occupations of these Indian.s are fishing, logging, hunting and working in the canneries. Buildings. — They have good dwellings, which are kept fairlj- clean. Education. — They have a day school. Miss Bower, M.D., taught the children the first half of the year; the other half of the year Miss Lawson taught the children. Characteristics and Progress. — They are industrious, and have shown good pro- gress during the year. Temperance and Morality. — They are fairly temperate and moral. BELLA BELLA BAND. Reserves. — The reserves of this band are situated in the coast district and eon- tain an area of 3,372 acres. Population. — The population of this band is 315. Health and Sanitation. — The health of these Indians has been fairly good. The sanitation is also good. Occupations. — They are good fishermen, loggers, and boat-builders; a few work in the Indian saw-mill. Buildings. — They have good dwellings, and in several instances well furnished. Education. — They have one day school taught by Miss Morris during the first quarter of the year; the other three-quarters of the year the children were under the tuition of Miss Rush. The progress of the children is good. Characteristics and Progress. — These Indians are industrious and progressive. Temperance and Morality. — These Indians are fairly temperate. ^Morally, they show improvement. KEMSQUIT, TALOJIEY AND BELLA COOLA BANDS. Reserves. — The Kemsquit reserves are situated at the head of Dean channel, and contain a total area of 030 acres. The Taloniey and Bella Coola reserves are located on the southern and northern arms respectively of Bentie arm, and contain a total area of 4,j Schools. — These arc located as follows: at Kyuquot, taught by Rev. E. Sobry; at Nootka, by Rev. A. S. Stern; at Clayoquot, by the Rev. C. Moser, O.S.B. ; these are imder the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church; at Clayoquot by Rev. G. T. Barlow, Methodist; this school was closed last summer and has not since been opened; at TJcluelet, taught for the first quarter of the fiscal year by Mrs. Swartout. 27— i— 17i 260 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 The school has since been closed and the station left vacant until the middle of March of this year, when Mr. J. R. T. Ross took charge. This school is under tlie care of the Presbyterian Church, which also has a missionary station and school at Dodger's Cove, but the school is closed at present, there being no one appointed by the church to its charge. The Methodist Churoh maintains a missionary and teacher at Cla-oose among the Nitinat band. The teacher for the first quarter of the fiscal year was Mr. C. Dockstader, who removed in July, and his place is now held by Mr. R. F. Goodridg^. All the above mentioned teachers are doing their best in their respective spheres of labour, but somewhat handicapi>ing used for heating and oil lamps for lighting. Recreation. — Between school hours the scholars are out in the fresh air, engaged in all manner of sports, both summer and winter. 281 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Remarks. — We thank the department for its assistance in enabling us to continue the school, thus giving the Indian children an opportunity of an education which they could not otherwise have. With the proposed additions this summer, we hope to ac- commodate the larger number who will seek admission in the coming fall. There are always a number of children who have lost one or both parents. I have, &c., P. R. SOANES, Principal. Province of Ontario, St. Joseph's Boarding School, Fort William, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — We have the honour to submit our annual report of the above school for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The new St. Joseph's boarding school, which we have now occupied since January 8, 1909, is situated on the northwest corner of Franklin and Arthur streets, facing Franklin, in the city of Fort William. Land. — There are 3i acres of land, purchased at a cost of $3,500, and belonging to the school. The land is a clay loam, and should be very suitable for gardening purposes. The experiment in its productiveness has not yet been made, as possession has been taken of it only quite recently. Buildings. — The new school is a three-storey solid brick building. Its dimensions are 78 x 40 feet, with an addition at the back of 35 s 22 feet, and an excellent base- ment and attic. The ground floor contains entrance hall, two class-rooms, sisters' refec- tory and kitchen. On the second floor are the chapel, girls' dormitory and superior's room. On the third floor are the girls' work-room, dormitory, clothes-room and rooms for the staff. The attic makes a flne dormitory for boys. On each floor are bath and toiiet-rooms. In the basement are boys' and girls' play-rooms, store-rooms, bake- rooms, men's room, laundry, furnace and coal rooms. Accommodation. — There is ample accommodation for 80 pupils and a stafF of 10. Attendance. — There were 56 pupils registered during the year. Thirty-three were admitted and 22 discharged. The children being boarders, the attendance is regular, and there has been a marked improvement in general application and proficiency during the year. Class-room Work. — The programme of studies prescribed by the department is follovpcd as closely as possible. The subjects taught are religious instruction, draw- ing, spelling, arithmetic, history and geography, but special care is given to reading and writing. The progress is good and encouraging. Farm and Garden. — We have made no experiment in gardening yet, as we only took possession in January last. Industries Taught. — All the general work of the premises is performed by the pupils. The girls are taught all kinds of useful housework, such as hand and machine sewing, dressmaking, mending, darning, knitting, washing, ironing, house- cleaning, making bread, cooking and baking. The bread used in the school is made by the girls. The boys are trained to habits of neatness and cleanliness and make proper use of time. 1 REPORTS ON BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 285 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 iloral and Keligioiis Training. — The moral and religious training of the child- ren receives special care. Respect for authority and obedience is continually incul- cated and insisted upon. A course of religious instruction is given to the whole school each day. Apart from this they attend morning and evening prayers in the chapel. Health and Sanitation. — We are pleased to report an uuexceptionally healthy year for the pupils by dressing the children warmly, giving them plenty of wholesome food and daily outdoor exercise, even in the coldest days of winter. We were not troubled with any disease during the cold season. One girl died, but she was delicate and ailing for a long time. A skilled infirmarian has with nature's remedies so successfully combated the tendency to scrofula, so common among the Indians, that the children present a remarkably healthy appearance. With this state of improved health we notice an amelioration in the instincts and dispositions of the children. Ventilation and cleanliness are our chief preventions against disease. Water Supply. — The building is connected with the city water-supply, and thus we are abundantly supplied with water. Fire Protection. — There is a splendid fire-escape of wrought-iron pipe from first to second floor and from second to ground floor. The pupils are drilled at frequent intervals in speedily vacating the building, day and night. In moving we got our Star glass fire-extingui.-^hers damiiged. but we hope soon to replace them. Heating and Lighting. — The building is heated throughout by hot-water system and lighted by electricity. Recreation. — Outdoor games are very popular. Long walks in suitable weather are much enjoyed. In summer, picnics are given to the delight of the pupils. General Remarks. — On Christmas the children were beside themselves with joy on receiving a very entertaining visit from Santa Claus himself in person. After two hours of a very pleasant entertainment of hymns, recitation.? and songs, Santa gave them a most agreeable surprise by appearing in their midst, distributing his many simple gifts, prepared by their teachers. The children appeared most happy and grateful. On February 14, we had a very pleasant visit from our beloved bishop, the Right Rev. D. J. Scollard, when he formally blessed and opened our lovely new school. He made a few remarks, complimenting the children on their neat and healthy appearance and on the very pleasing manner in which they acquitted them- selves in their various roles, in singing, declaiming and presentation of address, suitable to the occasion. I have, &c., SISTER M. F. CLARE, Principal. Province of Ontario, Mohawk Institute. Brantford, April 29, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit a report on the Mohawk institute for the year ended March 31, 1909. This institution was establi-shed by the Company for the Propagation of the Gospel in New England and parts adjacent thereto; established 1649; chartered 1661; called briefly the Xew England Company in the year 1831. 286 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 9;10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Location. — The school is situated in the township of Brantford, about IJ miles from the market-square of the city of Brantford Land. — The land comprises 380 acres, as follows: lot No. 5, Eagle's Nest, town- ship of Brantford, 10 acres ; Crown grant, on this are the buildings, and 194 acres by license of occupation; Mohawk glebe lot, city, 176 acres. Buildings. — The building is in the form of the letter ' H,' built of red brick, with cut stone basement; roofed with shingles laid on asbestos paper. The main building is 79 X 42 feet, and has two wings, 60 x 36J feet each. The building is two storeys high, with basement and attic. The Main Building. — In the basement are the stores, including insulated cold store, officers' dining-rooms, boiler-room, girls' clothing-rooms and lavatory. On the first floor are ofiices, sewing-room and female officers' rooms. The second floor con- tains the superintendent's residence and two sick rooms. iV orth Wing.— Jn the basement are the dining-halls and kitchen ; on the first floor, class-room, masters' room and farm men's rooms; on the second floor is the boys' dormitory. South Wing. — The basement comprises the girls' play- room, boot-room and flush water-closets; on the first floor is the class and assembly room; the second floor is the girls' dormitory; on the third floor a large dormitory has been finished to ac- commodate 16 beds. Each dormitory has an iron fire-escape and door opening into the main building. Othei- Buildings. — Boys' play-house, 74 x 20 feet, 2J storeys; laundry, 30 x 20-3 feet, 2 storeys; dairy, 18 x 13 feet; a small hospital, barn and cow stables, 97 x 35 feet; silo (cement), 30 x 16 feet; hog-pens, 72 x 30 feet and 60 x 13-4 feet; horse and cattle stables, 82-8 x 22-5 feet, with room for 16 horses and 16 cattle; carpenter's shop, implement-house, drive-house, wagon-shed, poultry-house, 2 greenhouses, ice- house and a cement frost-proof fruit-house. The main part of the institution has been repaired and painted in oil, and slate blackboards have been placed in the school-rooms. Accommodation. — Accommodation is provided for 120 pupils and a staff of 12, including 3 farm-hands and a gardener. Attendance. — The returns for the quarter ending March 31 show 121 pupils, classified as follows: — Standard 1 9 pupils II 14 " III 24 " IV 22 " V 22 " VI [['..'..'.[''''['.... 30 The average attendance for the year was 118. Class-room Work. — This covers the full course prescribed by the department and the first year of high school work. Ten pupils wrote on the entrance examination, and 9 passed. Inspector's remarks on our entrance class: 'I inclose marks of the unsuccessful pupil from the Mohawk institution at the recent high school examinations. ' May I congratulate you on the success of the pupils from the institute this year ■ — the work was very good indeed.' (Signed), J. P. no AG.' Two girls who have taken our full course attended the collegiate institute, and the 3 boys who passed last June have been studying type-writing and stenography. The school hours are from 8.30 to 12 a.m., and from 1.30 to 4 p.m. in summer; and in winter from 8.45 to 12 a.m., and from 1..30 to 4 p.m., and from 7 to 8 p.m. 1 REPORTS ON BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 287 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 All pupils in standards IV, V and VI have private study from 8.30 to 9.30 p.m. Pupils from two divisions, 'A' and 'B'; one week 'A' division attends school in the morning and ' B ' division in the afternoon ; the next week the order is reversed. The pupils in standards I and II are in school full time throughout the year . Farm and Garden. — The result of the year's work was disappointing owing to the unfavourable state of the weather; we, however, carried out the following im- provements. Building a bridge across the creek, $146.50; building exterior cement walls to the greenhouses, $65 ; erecting 2 large corn-cribs, $71, and paid for 3 years' re-insurance on farm buildings, $218.99. The farm supplied the institution with pro- risions valued at $1,425.80, and the cash sales were $3,420.53. Industries Taught. — Boys' Worlc. — Farming, gardening and the care of green- houses form the principal occupations of the boys, and include the management of a dairy of over 35 cows, and the raising of pigs, also the cultivation of plants and flowers for market. Girls' Worh. — The girls are trained for domestic work, including sewing, knit- ting, dressmaking, cooking, baking, laundrying and butter-making. They mak§ all their own clothes, also that of the boys, with the exception of the best tweed uniform, an issue of which is purchased every other year. Moral and Religious Training. — Morning and evening prayers are conducted for the whole school daily, and divine service at His Majesty's chapel of the Mo- hawks at 11 a.m. on Sundays. Religious instruction is given daily in the schools and on Sunday from 9 to 10 a.m., 2.30 to 3.30 p.m., and 7 to 8 p.m. Twenty-eight of our pupils were confirmed by the Bishop of Huron on March 22. The boys are organized into a cadet corps. No. 161, for which the Militia Depart- ment has supplied arms. ANNUAL INSPECTION REPORT, 1908. 'Cadet Corps No. 161, Brantford. ' I am directed by the G.O.C. Western Ontario, to inform you that the Honour- able the Minister and members of the Militia Council have been pleased to receive the good report submitted by the inspecting officer upon your cadet corps, and desire to convey to you and the officer commanding the corps their commendation upon the very creditable showing made at the time of the inspecting officer's visit.' (Signed) 'SEPTIMUS DENISON, ' Lt.-Colonel. ' C.S.O., Western Ontario.' The boys are divided into four sections, under senior boys, who are responsible for the cleanliness and order of their respective sections. Four section monitresses exer- cise similar supervision over the girls. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has been satisfactory. Last June we had an epidemic of mumps and in February of grippe, but no fatalities. The sanitation is good, the drainage being connected directly with the city sewers. Water Suply. — The water-supply is from the city waterworks. Fine Protection. — Fire protection has been installed in connection with the fire department of the city; 4 hydrants with supply of hose, 2 stand pipes with hose connection on all floors, 4 chemical fire-extinguishors, and 2 dozen blaze-killer tubes placed in the various buildings, axes and extension ladders. Part of the fire-hose was renewed in January, at a cost of $136. A new branch firc-hall has been erected in the immediate neighbourhood, towards which we contribute $60 a year. 288 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Heating and Lighting. — Both wings occupied by pupik have coal and gas fur- naces of large capacity, estimated to change the air in school-rooms and dormitories every hour. The main building is heated with hot water, the sewing-room having a radiator constantly supplied with fresh air from the outside. The kitchen, laundry and dairy use only natural gas. All buildings, including horse and cow stables, are lighted by electricity. Recreation. — The recreation hours are 1 hour at noon, 2 hours in the evening in summer, and 1 hour in the winter, and for school divisions throughout the year from 4 to 5 p.m., also one half holiday each week. There is no school from July 16 to August 21. During this time the teachers take their vacation; each pupil has half a day holiday, and the industrial work of the institution goes on as usual. The boys are furnished in their playgrounds with swings and horizontal bars. They have a field where they play lacrosse, baseball and football; they also have a bugle band, in which they are much interested, and both girls and boys have good toboggan slides. The girls are provided with swings, footballs, croquets, skipping- ropes, balls, itc. Those who prefer to read are furnished with magazines and books from the school library. I have, &c., E. ASHTON, Superintendent. Province of Ontario, Mount Elgin Institute, MUNCEY, May 21, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit the annual report of the Mount Elgin Indus- trial Institute for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — This school is pleasantly situated on the west bank of the Thames river, in the township of Caradoc, county of Middlesex, province of Ontario, and about 15 miles west of the city of St. Thomas. Land. — The farm connected with the school contains 225 acres, forming part of the Chippewa reservation, Caradoc township, and is well suited for institute pur- poses. Buildings. — The main building was erected in 1895, and has four storeys of brick on a stone basement. It contains office, principal's residence, officers' rooms, chapel, dormitori&s, dining-rooms, sewing-room, kitchen, play-room and store-room. All rooms are large and well lighted. The old building, or annex situated about 100 feet to the east, furnishes dwellings for the families of two officers, two school-rooms, a four- cot hospital and a dairy cellar. The laundry is a substantial two-storey brick building with vegetable cellar in basement. The boys' lavatory and symnasium were burned on the night of November 20, 1907, and have not been rebuilt. The outbuildings comprise carpenter shop, implement-shed, carriage-shed and hen-house, all of which require repairs; also pig-pen, cow-stable, horse-stable, stocker- barn and large grain barn, all on brick or concrete basements, the latter being used for stables. i iii'j'onrs o\ noAUUixc wd lyDLsruiAfj schools 289 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Accommodation. — The main biiikling furnishes room for from 100 to 110 pupils and a staff of 10 officers. Separate residences are furnished for 4 officers and their families. Attendance. — The number of pupils authorized by the department for this in- stitute is 100, and the average attendance for the year was 102-5. Class-room Work. — The work of this department for the year has been very sat- isfactory. The pupils are graded as follows: standard No. I., 21 pupils; Xo. II., 27 pupils; Xo. III., 23 pupils; Xo. IV., 20 pupils; Xo. V., 14 pupils; Xo. VI.. 3 pupils. It has been our desire to add manual training as a special feature of class work as soon as the boys' recreation hall is rebuilt. Farm and Garden. — The farm is composed of 225 acres of uplands and river flats. The latter are flooded by spring freshets. We harvested during the year 48 acres of wheat. 75 acres of oats, 4 acres of barley, 60 acres of corn, 4 acres of potatoes, and 30 acres of beans. Industrial Work. — The boys are carefully instructed in all the various branches of agricultural work, including tile-drainingf cement work, rearing and management of horses, cattle, sheep and pigs. The girls are instructed in domestic work, includ- ing housekeeiiing, baking, cooking, laundry and dairy work; also the cutting and mak- ing of garments and fancy needlework. Moral and Religions Training. — Morning and evening prayers and the reading of the scriptures is observed daily. On the Sabbath morning the pupils attend divine .service at the Colborne church, Muncey mission, an officer always being in charge. One hour of each Sunda.v afternoon is devoted to Bible study in the chapel of the institute. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the pupils has been good. One girl was discharged suffering from scrofula. The completion of the reconstructing of the plumbing, together with the abundant supply of water furnished by the hydrau- lic pumps, has improved very much the sanitary conditions of the main building. Water Supply. — An abundant supply of good spring water is furnished by three hydraulic pumps, one supplying the officers' kitchen, the two others forcing the water to tanks situated in the upi^er attic, from which it is piped to all parts of the building. Fire Protection. — Two galvanized iron tanks, having a capacity of 2,700 gallons, are situated in the upper portion of the main garret. Pipes convey the 'rcater from these tanks to 18 hose distributed throughout the main building, making it possible to reach every portion of the building with two or more streams of water. In addition. a special reel with 300 feet of hose is kept ready for outside emergencies. Heating and Lighting. — Heating in the main building and annex is provided for b.y three hot-water coal furnaces. Supplementary heating is furnished in the two class-rooms of the annex by two wood-burning stoves. Oil lamps in hangers furnish the light throughout the building. General Remarks. — During the year the large barn was repaired, a new silo erected therein and stabling for 72 cattle refitted in the basement, making it one of the finest grain and cattle barns in the province. Following out the work begun last year, the sewing-room, oflicer.s' dining-room, office, main corridor, and north and south stairways have had their walls covered with burlap and cotton and painted, so as to furnish a surface capable of being washed, and thereby adding much to the sanitary conditions of the whole building. The dormitories for the boys and girls should be heated in a like manner. The autumn of 1908 was noted as being the driest in many years. Much inconvenience was experienced by farmers at large for want of water for stock and domestic use. While putting our new system of water-supply to a severe test, I am glad to report that it showed no signs of failure. The winter was noted for its mildness and light snowfall. I have, &c., T. T. GEORGF, Principal. 27— i— 19 290 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Province of Ontario, The Shingwauk and Wawanosh Homes, Sault Ste. Marie, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the Shingwauk and Wawanosh Homes for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The Shingwauk and Wawanosh Homes are situated on the north bank of the St. Mary's river, one and a half miles east of the business portion, yet within the town limits, of Sault Ste. Marie, in the province of Ontario. Land. — The area of land in connection therewith is 93 acres, comprising park lots 1 and 2, in Tarentorus township, which was acquired by purchase by the Church of England authorities. The property is held in trust by His Lordship the Bishop of Algoma. Originally forest, the land is now, with the exception of a few acres, cleared. The soil is best adapted for grazing purposes. Buildings. — The buildings are admirably situated, fronting the river, and consists of:— 1. The Shingwauk and Wawanosh Homes, main block, 185 x 137 feet, with various wings and principal's residence adjoining, in which are the offices of the institution, kitchens, visitors' entrance-hall, staff-room, furnace-rooms, lavatories and dormitories. 2. A little to the east and almost in line with the main block, stands a large two- storey frame building, 60 x 30 feet, the ground floor of which is used as a drill-hall and play-room for the boys. On the upper floor the senior school is held. 3. Some 60 yards from this building, standing due east and west, is the Bishop Fauquier memorial chapel, erected in 1882 with funds subscribed anonymously in England and Canada, as a tangible, enduring and useful memorial to Algoma's first revered bishop. 4. Hospital with attendant's cottage adjoining. 5. Farmer's cottage and laundry, 20 x 20 feet. 6. Carpenter's cottage. 7. Factory. 8. Shoe-shop, barns, stables and various minor buildings. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 100 pupils, 60 boys and 40 girls, and 12 members of staff. Attendance. — The number of pupils enrolled at the beginning of the year was 60, namely, 36 boys and 24 girls ; 6 boys and 6 girls were admitted ; 6 boys and & girls discharged; 1 girl died of spinal meningitis, and 2 girls and 1 boy are absent on sick leave, thus leaving in actual residence at this date, 35 boys and 21 girls. Class-room Work. — The school is taught in two divisions, in charge of two teachers, in separate rooms. The curriculum adopted is similar to that of the public schools of Ontario. The hours of attendance are from 8.30 to 12 noon, and 1.30 to 5 p.m., with 15 minutes recess. There is also an hour of preparation in the evenings. Satisfactory progress, more general than individual, was made during the year. Seventeen pupils were promoted into higher classes, while 9 boys and 5 girls were promoted from the junior to the senior school. i REPORTS ON BOARDiyO AXD lyDVSTRlAL SCBOOLS 291 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The present standing is as follows : — Standard 1 18 pupils. II 9 " " III 24 " " IV 4 " " V. 1 " Industries Taught. — The boys are taught carpentry work, farming and garden- ing; the girls, sewing, laundry and domestic work. All the general work of the in- stitution, cleaning and scrubbing, is also performed by the pupils under staff super- vision. The carpenter-shop, a detached two-storey frame building, is situated 5 minutes' walk from the main building, and is supplied with all necessary tools, machinery, circular saws and planes. The latter are operated by a 12 h.p. gasoline engine. Every branch of the work is taught under a practical foreman. The following is a synopsis of work and repairs undertaken in this department during the year: — Repairing doors and partition walls, shingling chapel porch and lich gate, making new crib around water pipe, repairing cottage, drill-hall and gymnasium, cement floor for laundry boiler, making new clothes-rack for girls' uniforms, new wagon-box, mosquito screens, metal-lined grain and feed bins for stable, cement floor for dairy, new meat safe, glazing, painting and kalsomining. Farm and Garden. — The farm is worked by a number of boys, under the super- vision of the farmer in charge. A little over 40 acres are under cultivation. The principal crops are hay and oats, and about 5 acres of roots and vegetables. The stock consists of 4 horses, 9 cows, a fine pedigree bull, sundry young stock and pigs. About 400 bushels of potatoes were raised and about 18 tons of hay cut. Dairy products realized $500.42; meat and hides, $114.31. In addition to the care of the stock, the farmer and his boys are chiefly em- ployed in winter in teaming, cutting and splitting cord-wood; about 100 to 125 cords are taken out each winter. Moral and Religious Training. — The religious training is that of the Church of England. Pupils and staff attend the Shingwauk Memorial chapel, or St. Luke's pro- cathedral in town. Morning and evening prayers are conducted daily in the school- room; and Sunday school on Sunday afternoons from 3 to 4. Methods of punishment are fines, impositions, and keeping the pupils in to work on half-holidays. Corporal punishment is administered in cases of gross disobedience, as a last resort. Health and Sanitation. — The sanitary condition of the school is good, lime, phenyle and other disinfectants are used freely about the premises. All drains, lavatories and closets are systematically flushed. All dormitories, floors and passages are scrubbed regularly, some soluble disinfectant being provided lor the purpose. While 3 pupils are temporarily absent on sick leave, and 1 little girl 8 years of age died of spinal meningitis, the health of the pupils generally during the year was good. Water Supply. — An abundant water-supply is furnished through a private 3- ineh galvanized-iron pipe connected with the city water mains. Fire Protection. — Our main protection lies in a 3-inch water-pipe connected with the town waterworks, to which 2-inch hydrants placed inside and outside of the main building have connection, as well as 3 fire-tanks on the upper flats, having a 27— i— 19i 292 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 combined capacity of 1,925 gallons, and which are kept full in case of emergency. A pressure of 50 pounds is maintained at the school. The main building is also sup- plied with chemical fire-engines and fireman's axes. Heating and Lighting. — The main building is heated throughout by a hot-water system. All detached buildings, including the chapel, are heated by stoves. Coal-oil lamps are used for lighting. Recreation. — The principal forms of recreation in summer are football, baseball and swimming. Swings and ball games are also provided for the girls in their sep- arate grounds. The latter are aLso taken for walks and excursions and into town on half-holidays, accompanied by some member of the staff. There is also a well-equipped gymnasium for the boys. In winter the chief attraction is skating on the St. Mary's river. Indoor games, books and magazines are also provided and a school library. General Remarks. — Not since the establishment of our work, 34 years ago, have we ever had a more promising, teachable lot of children than those at present en- rolled— representatives of the Ojibway, Cree and Iroquois tribes. They are in every way deserving of all we can do for them, and the fact that many of them have no homes, while others are the offspring of undesirable parents, 19 are motherless, 18 fatherless and 8 orphans, appeals the more to our continued indefatigable efforts in their behalf. I have, kc, G. LEY KING, Principal. Provixce of Ontario, wlkwemikoxg ixdistrial school. WiKWEMiKOXG, April 1, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of the Wikwemikong in- dustrial school for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The Wikwemikong industrial school is situated on the unceded por- tion of Manitoulin island, 10 miles north of the Manitowaning agency in the village of Wikwemikong, on the west shore of Smith bay. Land. — The land comprises about 200 acres, SO of which are under cultivation, the rest being used as pasture. This land was granted by the Indians for the use of the missionaries, and is held in trust by them, for the combined purposes of the mis- sion and the school. Buildings. — The boys and girls are accommodated in two separate institutions about 200 yards apart, which are managed by two separate staffs, under the supervi- sion of the principal. The boys have their study and class-rooms, wardrobe and play-hall in a two- storey frame building. 50 x 90 feet. The sick-ward, the kitchen and the dormitory are in the missionaries' residence, a three-storey stone building, 112 x 56 feet, where also the staff has its quarters. The refectory, the bakery and the shoemaker shop are located in an old mission stone building, 43 x 33 feet, connected with the main building by a passageway. The girls and their staff are housed in two three-storey frame buildings connected by a passageway, which are 132 x 46 feet and 35 x 50 feet, respeetively, and situated i KEPORTS OX BOARDiy'G AXD ly'DVSTRIAL SCHOOLS 293 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 farther up the hill. Their elass-rooms, recreation-hall and dormitory are spacious and airy. A few yards to the southwest stands a two-storey frame structure, 40 x 50 feet, used for a wash-room and its various appurtenances, also for a store-room, bakery, &c. Towards the shore of the bay are located the blaelismith and paint shops, combined in one building. Closer to the shore is a little saw and planing mill and the carpenter-shop. There are yet to be mentioned, in connection with the farm, three barns, one 80 x 40 feet, another 110 x 40 feet and a third 75 x 35 feet. Each barn has a spacious stable in its basement. Mention should also be made of piggeries, henneries, sheds for agri- cultural implements and various vehicles, wood-sheds and ice-house. Accommodation. — There is ample room to accommodate 90 boys and 70 girls, with their respective staffs. Attendance. — The boys were 76 in number, with 2 teachers and 15 different officers; the girls were (55, with 2 teachers and 11 officers. The day-pupils are not comprised in these figures. Class-room Work. — This is governed by the official programme of studies for In- dian schools. The time appointed for it is from 9 to 11.45 a.m., and from 1.30 to 4 p.m., with a short recess in the middle of each session. Besides, the boys have one hour and a quarter for study everj- day; on Saturdays they have twice as much; on Sundays they have exactly 2 hours. A library is attached to the institution; sup- plementary reading is fostered, so is letter-writing. The girls devote 1 hour to study every day. The pupils are divided into 4 sections, 2 for the boys and 2 for the girls, and are under the tuition of 4 different teachers, the pupils of the lower grades being taught in the same room in connection with the day-pupils. The pupils are graded as follows: — Standard 1 33 pupils. II 26 " ■• III 41 " •• IV 20 " V 15 " Farm and Garden. — Farming being eventually the common occupation of our children when they return home, the boys of the institution are habitually spending some time at this work, even the smallest; every one, of course, according to his capa- city. Industries Taught. — The most common industry of the larger boys is farming; some others are taught carpentry ; two are learning shoemaking, and a few others have been employed now and then in the printing office. Besides this special training, all the pupils are employed about two hours daily each, according to sex and ability, at various kinds of labour such as sweeping, scrubbing, sawing and splitting fire-wood, dairying, gardening, feeding stock, help- ing in the kitchen and on the farm. The laundry work is done at the girls' school with the help of Indian women. The more advanced girls receive special training in sewing by hand and machine, dressmaking, knitting and cooking. The pupils gen- erally take well to these kinds of labour. The girls in particular show that they appreciate the zeal of their teachers; for, after they have left school, the village girls still come regularly once a week to receive lessons in fancy sewing, crocheting, &c. Moral and Beligious Training. — The main object of this institution being the forming of religious men fit for the everlasting ends of our existence, the pupils are taught not to dissociate their studies and their manual labours from religious views. Every day, therefore, there is the memorizing of some lesson of catechism or of Bible history; and several times a week explanations are given, adapted to the capacity of the different clasess. The pupils attend all the religious services of the parish church. 294 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Oil Sunday evening?, the senior boys and girls are called upon to write a report of the sermon preached that day. No corporal chastisement is administered, save in cases of gross insubordination or misbehaviour. Health and Sanitation. — The sanitary condition of the school is good. I think. We improve it every year. Thus we gradually replace the old soft-wood flooring by hard-wood, in order to substitute the damp mop for the broom. The general health of the pupils during the yeor was, on the whole, satisfactory. We had 2 cases of pneumonia, which terminated by rapid and perfect recovery. We had also an epidemic of measles, which was brought here by a boy from Caughna- waga ; there were 38 cases in all, 21 among the girls and 17 among the boys ; for- tunately, 1 case only was vers' severe and developed into consumption. As long as the weather permits, the pupils bathe frequently in the bay; and, dur- ing the summer heat, daily. The boys' dormitory is supplied with a bath-room. Water Supply. — A windmill, and a tank holding 15,000 gallons, supply excellent water from the bay for all purposes, galvanized-iron pipes conducting it to all parts of the institution. Fire Protection.- — Hydrants in connection with the tank and supplied with 2-inch hose on every floor of the main buildings, constitute our main protection against fife, besides some fire-extinguishers, fireman's axes and buckets. Both schools are supplied with an excellent fire-escape. Heating and Lighting. — Both schools are heated by box-stoves, and are kept com- fortable. The boys' dormitory, however, and the staff's quarters are heated by hot water in connection with the missionaries' residence. Light is furnished by acetylene plants. Recreation. — Two hours daily, besides Saturday afternoons, are given exclu- sively to recreation. The first Tuesday of each month is a free day for every boy who has given satisfaction throughout the month. The first Wednesday is for the girls. Both schools have playgrounds furnished with suitable games and gymnastic appliances, and play-halls for bad weather and evening recreation in winter. The boys' playground is divided into two parts, one of which is reserved for the small boys and the other for the senior boys. General Remarks. — I may say confidently that the school is contributing largely to the elevation of the moral tone, and development of habits of thrift and industry, the enlightenment of the mind generally, and the improvement of physique among our Indians. Our present pupils appreciate more their training and rise to a higher level than our former ones. They take more interest in reading, and develop to a certain extent an intellectual life. A few of our former Iroquois boys have gone to college, in Quebec, and a few of our present boys intend doing the same thing upon leaving school. Another proof of the gradual improvement over their predecessors is the fact of their being fonder of stud,y; some will earnestly ask for more time for study. The pupils are taught vocal music and reformed Gregorian chant, to the double benefit of voice and taste. I have, &c., TH. COUTURE, S.J., Principal. 1 REPORTS O.V BOARDI\G .l\D IXDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 295 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Province of Manitoba, BiRTLK Boarding School, BiRTLE, April 1, 1909. Frank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to present the annual report of the Birtle boarding school for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated on the north bank of the Birdtail river ravine, within the limits of the town of Birtle, and 12 miles from the nearest reserve. Land. — There are 30 acres owned by the school and 30 acres of rented land, all situated within the municipality of Birtle, in 6, 7, 26. The greater part of this land is taken up with hill and ravine, suitable only for pasturage, but 30 acres of it are under cultivation. In addition, the school purchased during the year the s.w. i 16, 17, 26, within the municipality of Birtle, and situated 2 miles from the school. It is a splendid stock farm, having plenty of water, hay, woods and over 100 acres of arable land. Buildings. — The school is a 2i storey structure, with a good basement, in thorough repair, save for painting. During the year alterations were made in the attic storey whereby more room, better ventilation and brighter light were secured in the dormi- tories. Some of the rooms were painted. All the chief doors were made to swing outwards, and two new porches and steps erected at the main entrance. The barn is a first-class frame structure, with stone stables and root-house beneath. There is also a large frame hen-house and a log ice-house. All buildings are in good repair. The stables will easily accommodate 24 head of stock and 15 hogs. Accommodation. — As at present arranged the building will accommodate 60 pupils and a staff of 6, leaving 2 rooms for the sick and one for guests. The sick rooms will contain 6 patients easily. Attendance. — The year opened with an attendance of 49 pupils and closed with 49. Six pupils were admitted, 2 died of scrofula at the Waywayseecappo tent-hospi- tal, and 4 were honourably discharged. The number of grant-earners is 50. Class-room Work. — This has progressed most efficiently under the tuition of Miss Macgregor. The children's exhibits of school-work again swept the board at the local fair. Farm and Garden. — Thirty-five acres were broken on the new quarter-section. These acres and the 30 at the school are all ready for sowing. Thirty acres were under crop, consisting of oats, barley, potatoes, roots and vegetables. The severe frost in June and August affected the yield greatly. However, we securecT sufficient fodder and vegetables to carry us through the year, and enough oats in addition for all our seed- ing for 1909. The farm also yielded vis 70 cords of wood and 15 tons of good hay. To our machinery, we added a new wagon, a new buggy, a new fanning-mill, and a Pteel rake; and to our stock a fine team of young general-purpose horses. All our property is now well fenced, the most of it with cedar posts, and two strands of wire. The school is now in a position to give efficient training in farming and stock-raising. Industries Taught. — The girls are instructed in general housework, including cooking, laundrying, sewing and butter-making. They assist also in the gardening, Knd in the care of the poultry. For pocket-money they make bead-work. At the local fair, our girls in open competition won 5 prizes in cooking and 2 in needlework. The boys with the stock and vegetables got some dozen prizes. The total winnings 296 DEPARTMEST OF ISDlAy AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 of the pupils came to $36. The boys receive training in all departments of farming, together with the use of tools, breaking, fencing, brushing, wood-chopping, stock- raising, gardening, the raising and harvesting of roots and cereals ; and the use of all kinds of farm machinery, including a gasoline engine and saw, are among the things they were instructed in practically. The school had its first threshing last fall. Moral and Religious Training. — All the pupils attend regularly the Sabbath, and many the mid-week and special services, of the Birtle Presbyterian church. Morning and evening prayers are conducted by the principal. Daily, morning and afternoon instruction is given in ethical and Biblical subjects in the class-room. For the younger pupils, a Bible-class is held Sabbath evenings. The moral tone of the school is high, especially of the older ptipils. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the pupils has been good, .save for two epidemics, one of grippe and the other of measles. Skilful nursing and medi- cal attendance resulted in all recovering. Six of the pupils were treated for scrofula at the Waywayseecappo tent hospital. Two of these died, one under the surgeon's knife, owing to heart-failure, the other from scrofula of the lung. The the others were jsatients last year and returned for further treatment. Three are cured, the other one is still at the hospital, with poor hopes of recovery. Our sanitary condi- tions are of the best, including as they do a complete indoor sewage plant, emptying into a septic tank, good ventilation for every room and the carrying of fresh air from outdoors into every hot-air furnace. Water Supply. — We have a good water-supply, secured by piping from two wells, one of which was sunk during the past year by the department. During the spring and early summer water syplions are used, and during the rest of the year it is pumped from these by a gasoline engine into a 25-barrel tank in the basement, from which it is elevated to a 40-barrel tank in the attic, from which it is distributed in hot and cold water pipes to the closets, baths, laundry and kitchen. In addition, we have storage capacity for 100 barrels of soft water. Fire Protection. — We have our own system and a school fire-brigade. Hose can be laid to the scene of the fire, and the children can be got out of tlic building within two minutes after the alarm is given. Connected with the standpipe there is suffi- cient 2-inch hose on every ilat, from basement to roof, to reach to any point thereon. This is kept folded for use upon swinging racks. Fire-pails and iire-axes are distributed throughout the building. An iron fire-escape, plank walks on roof and an extension ladder, make exit easy from any part of the building. Fire-drill conducted by means of an electric bell system is practised efficiently. Heating and Lighting. — Three wood furnaces and one hot water heater keep the building quite comfortable in the coldest weather. A safe and satisfactory light is provided by the Birtle acetylene gas-works. Recreation. — Coasting, hockey and skating in winter, and tennis, football and baseball in summer, together with the rabbit chase, are the chief outdoor sports. The usual household games are indulged in indoors, immediately inider the eye of one of the staff. Fresh air«exercise is rigidly enforced, save in the most inclement weather. I have, &c.. w. w. McLaren, Principal. i REPOliTS OX BOARDiya AXU IXDUSTIilAL SCHOOLS 297 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Manitoba Supkrintendency. Ckcilia Jeffrey Boarding School, Kexora, O.nt., June 24, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to present my annual report for the tiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The Cecilia Jeffrey boarding school is situated in Western Ontarici, near the Manitoba boundary, at the west end of Shoal lake. It is 45 miles by the steamboat channel in a southwesterly direction from Kenora. Land.^For the use of the school a peninsula containing 210 acres, and registered as D 492, was granted by the Ontario government to the Foreign Mission Committee of the Presbyterian Church. The greater part is composed of rocky ridges with low land intervening, all covered with timber and scrub. Some parts if cleared would make garden plots, but farming to any extent is impracticable. Buildings. — The main building is 66 x 38 feet, 2 storey frame, on stone basement. In the basement are the laundry, furnace-rooms and boys' bath-room. On first floor, iclass-room, dining-rooms, ofiice, reception-room and girls' recreation-room. The second floor is used for sleeping apartments, and the attic for water-tanks and for storing clothing. The new wing, 30 x 22 feet, was completed during the year. The basement was intended for dairy and root-cellar with a partition between. First floor is used for kitchen, store-room and pantry; the second for bed-rooms. There is a frame stable, 36 x 24 feet, and a residence for the principal, 36 x 24 feet. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 40 pupils and 6 members of staff. Attendance. — There are 37 pupils on the roll. The average attendance for the last 6 months was 36. Class-room Work. — The regular course prescribed by the department is followed. The hours are from 9 a.m. to 12 noon, and 1.30 to 4 p.m. About 12 of the older put-ils are in the class-room only half the day; all others full time. Fair progress has been made in all branches. Farm and Garden. — We grow no grain. The garden near the school yielded a good supply of vegetables, such as corn, peas, carrots, cucumbers, beets, turnips, lettuce and strawberries. There were 2 acres of potatoes planted, but the crop was light owing to the ravages of the potato beetle. The live stock consists of 2 horses, 4 cows, 1 bull and 3 young cattle. Industries taught. — The boys are taught the feeding and care of stock, the man- agement of horsi«, hauling wood and hay, milking, work on the steamboat, fishing and gardening. The girls are instructed in all kinds of housework, including baking, cooking, wasliiug and ironing, knitting, sewing and mending. iloral and Keligin\i.'i Training. — Morning and evening worship is held, and the class-room work also begins with Bible reading and prayer. On Sunday, morning and evening services and Sunday school in the afternoon; the teachers seek to impress upon the pupils the importance of sound ethical principles as a, foundation for their future character and work. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the pupils has been good. In- fluenza, or grippe, was prevalent during the latter part of the winter. ICvery precaution is taken to keep the school in a clean and sanitary condition. The sewer, which was relaid last summer, discharges into a bay on the opijosite side of tlie peninsula from 298 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 that from which the water-supply is obtained. In addition to the ventilators in the ceiling, we keep the windows in the dormitories and class-room open when the weather permits. Water Supply. — An abundant supply of pure water is obtained from the lake. It is pumped into two large tanks in the attic, from which it flows through pipes to all parts of the building. A boiler connected with the kitchen stove supplies hot water to the kitchen and bath-rooms. There is a large tank in the laundry for rain water, which can also be filled from the lake with the windmill pump. Fire Protection. — The above mentioned tanks would furnish a good supply of water in case of fire. There are hydrants on each floor with hose attached. Fire buckets are kept in readiness, as are also axes and ladders. There is a fire-escape leading from the boys' dormitory to the ground. Twelve dry-dust fire-extinguishers are hung in convenient places in the building. Heating and Lighting. — The main building is heated by 2 large hot-air furnaces. Coal-oil lamps are used mainly for lighting, but wax candles are used for carrying. Recreation.^Swimming, boating and canoeing, are favourite recreations in summer. Football and baseball are also practised by the boys, and basket-ball by the girls. Skating and coasting are the principal outdoor amusements in winter. General Remarks. — The school is decidedly in favour with the Indians. Some of them have brought their children from long distances unsolicited, and since Febru- ary I have had to refuse three applications to have boys placed in the school, because the boys' apartments are filled. I wish to tender my thanks to the ofiicers of the department, especially to Agent McKenzie, for kindness and courtesy extended. I have, &c., F. T. DODDS, Pri7icipal. Province of Manitoba, Fort Alex.^nder Bo.\rding School, Fort Alexander P.O., March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the J?'ort Alexander boarding school for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is beautifully situated on the south bank of Winnipeg river, on the Fort Alexander reserve, about 1 mile east of where this river falls into Lake Winnipeg. Buildings. — The main building is a 3-storey frame structure, TO x 40 feet, on a stone foundation, with all modern improvements. The basement contains: 3 dining- rooms, provided with cupboards, laundry, kitchen, bakery, with a metallic oven, store- room, boiler-room for the heating plant, and water-closets at both ends. The first floor comprises entrance parlour, used now as a teacher's room, chapel, 2 class-rooms and boys' play-room, provided with 4 water-closets and a wash-basin. In the hall, suitable lockers hold the boys' and girls' extra clothes. The rooms on the second floor are: a sewing- room, the girls' play-room, pro- vided with 4 water-closets and a wash-basin, 3 sisters' rooms and 2 sick-rooms. i REPORTS Oy BOARDING AXD IXDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 299 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 On the upper floor are 2 dormitories, 1 for the boys, and the other for the girls, with 2 bath-rooms, water-closets and wash-basins. In each dormitory is a small room for the guardian. The outbuildings are: (a) general workshop, frame building on a stone founda- tion, with 2 storeys, and a cellar for roots and vegetables; a small lean-to is occupied by the gasolene engine, which is used for pumping water ; (fo) a frame horse and cattle stable, and hennery, with shingled roof, 66 x 22 feet; (c) log barn, 44 x 26 feet; (d) shed for agricultural implements; (e) log pig-pen, 22 x 24 feet; (f) a shed has been built this year to shelter the 8 horse-power gasoline engine and saw, gra- ciously given by the department to the school ; (g) a log stable, 14 x 26 feet, has been built for the calves on the north side of the barn. A board walk has been made around the main building, connecting with the one leading from the gate. A ditch, dug along one side of the board walk, allows the water to flow more freely in the spring. Land. — The lot upon which the school is built is Iso. 60, according to the survey made by J. Lestock Eeid, D.L.S., and is on the west side of the mission property. It has 8 chains frontage, and runs back of the survey road 9 chains. Some of this land was purchased from the Indians. Attendance. — The authorized number of 60 pupils, all being boarders, attended the school during the year. Class-room Work. — School is open from 8.45 to 11.45 a.m., with a recess of 15 minutes, and from 1.45 to 4 p.m, being interrupted by a short recess. An hour's study is given daily to the children from 5 to 6 p.m. in the winter. English is the only language taught and spoken in the school. There are two competent teachers — one lor the senior pupils and the other for the junior. The programme of studies pre- scribed by the department has been closely followed. The pupils show a great desire to learn and the progress made during the year is quite satisfactory. At the end of the week the best pupil of the class gets a medal, and thinks it is a great honour to wear it on his breast during the whole week. Besides, the teachers keep a record of the good marks they give to the pupils for their daily work, and at the closing of the school year the children are allowed to use them as money to buy many useful things procured for such a purpose. The pupils are graded as follows: — Standard 1 18 pupils II 9 '• « III 10 " « IV 13 " . " Y 10 " Farm and Garden. — We worked at removing the timber off the landj and 5 acres have been prepared this year for cultivation. We raised last season 300 bushels of oats and 20 bushels of barley. The mission garden and field supply the school with vegetables, such as potatoes, onions, cabbages, beans, corn, &c. Industries Taught. — The girls are taught housework, washing, ironing, cooking, baking, darning, mending, crocheting and lace-making. The more advanced girls receive special training in sewing and dressmaking. The boys' daily task is to saw and sjjlit the wood roqviircd for fuel, besides all the general routine of house duties. Some of them are daily engaged in the stable, under the supervision of the farmer. During the summer most of the boys are taught farming and gardening. One boy is employed in making and repairing boots, shoes and harness. Moral and ReHgious Training. — We always keep in mind that science is not the only thing for which the children come to school, and all our efforts tend to make them acquire habits of a truly useful and Christian life. Special religious instruc- tion is given them daily and on Sunday afternoon by the principal himself. Each day prayers are said in the chapel, morning and night. The pupils attend all the 300 DEPAKTMEXT OF lyDlAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 religious services of the parish chureli. The conduct of the children has been in general very good. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the children is thoroughly satisfactory. After the summer vacation we have had some cases of itch and scabies, which the children had contracted in their homes, and which gave us much trouble. An orphan ifirl, after being kept isolated for a few months in the girls' infirmary, died of con- sumption. The sanitary conditions are good. The rooms are well ventilated, and every care is taken as to cleanliness. In summer the boys bathe in the river at feast once a week, and in the winter all the children take a warm bath at frequent in- tervals. Water Supply. — A pump, run by a gasoline engine, draws the water from the Winnipeg river. :iOO feet from the bank, to large tanks in the attic; then the water is conveyed through the building by pipes. Fire Protection. — The school is well protected against fire. The tanks in the attic contain 2,000 gallons of water, and they can be shut off partially or altogether by one valve; the water is then pumped directly into the stand-pipe, which gives a pressure of 100 pounds on a lA-inch hose, with J-inch nozzle. These connections are placed, one in the attic, able to spread the water all over the roof, one in each dormi- tory, one on each floor, and one in the basement. Besides this, 12 Eclipse dry-dust fire-extinguishers are distributed throughout the building. There are 2 fire-escaiies, one at each end of the house, with a platform and a door opening outside on each floor. Heating and Lighting. — The buildings are heated by two steam furnaces, besides several stoves. Wood is the only fuel we have used for heating purposes. The main building is lighted by acetylene gas (Star water-pressure system), the other buildings are lighted by coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — Boys and girls have separate playgrounds, which are inclosed by fences and trees. There the children enjoy themselves at all the games and sports common to their age. Long walks in the woods or along the river are taken twice a week. The children have many indoor games for winter, but recreation-rooms for boys and girls are badly needed. A frame building added to each side of the main building, 50 x 25 feet, would answer the purpose. It is hard for the children to be shut up in cold or rainy weather. This addition is a necessity. T have, &c., PH. GEELEN, O.M.I., Acting Principal. ai.\n1t0ba superixtendency, Fort Frances Boardisq School, Fort Frances, Ont., April 28, 1909. Frank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour of submitting the annual report of the Fort Frances boarding school for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated on the southwest end of Eainy lake, on Couehi- ching reserve. Land. — The area of land belonging to the school is now about CO acres. Buildings. — The main building is 3 storeys high, built on a very good stone base- ment. The size of the school is 70 x 40 feet. i REPORTS O.Y BOARDIXG AXD IXDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 301 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A house, IS X 30 feet, divided into 3 rooms, contains the office, a general work- shop and the gasoline engine. A new ice-house, 30 x 25 feet, has been erected during the year. There are no stables, as we cannot call the present buildings stables. Attendance. — The attendance is very good, about 50 children attended school last year. Class-room Work. — The regularly prescribed course has been tollowed and the work is satisfactory. Farm and Garden. — About 20 acres is now under high cultivation and is a great financial help to the school. Industries Taught. — The boys are taught farming, gardening, care of horses and cattle. The girls are taught all kinds of housework; baking, washing, sewing, mending clothes. &c. Health. — The health of the pupils has been very good during the past year. Water Supply. — The water-supply is drawn fram Rainy lake by means of a gasoline engine. The quality of the water is excellent. Fire Protection. — There are 2 most perfect fire-escapes, 1 at each end of the main building. The school is well supplied with hydrants, nozzles and hose. Heating and Lighting. — The building is heated entirely by steam at lo'W pres- sure; the licating plant is most eifeetive. I have, (Src, M. KALMES, Principal. Manitoba Siperixtendencv, Kexora Boarding Srnoni,. Kexora, Ont., March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report on the Kenora boarding school for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated on beautiful high ground, at the northern end of the Lake of the Woods, which contains, it is said, 12,000 islands. The distance between the school and the town of Kenora is about 2 miles. Land. — There are about .")0 acres of land for the use of the school, the property of the Roman Catholic Church. It is properly described as subdivision 1-8, township of Jaffray. !Much of tlie land is rock, but fertile strips stretch out here and there, and furnish sufficient soil for gardening purposes. We are in need of land for pastur- age. Buildinprs. — The school building is of frame construction, 30 x 72 feet, with brick veneer, on a stone foundation. There is also the residence of the principal, 20 x 16 feet, on a stone foundation; a laundry-house, a storehouse and a carpenter-shop (under one roof), on a stone foundation, 46 x 18 feet; a buggy-shed, a granary and a stable (under one roof), 46x18 feet; a hen-house, 20x40 feet, a wood-shed and ice-house, 24x14 feet, and a boat-house, 24 x 18 feet. Since my last report, we have built a machine-shop. 20 x 22 feet, with stone foundation, frame wall and shingle roof. In the cellar of this buildfng is a Meyers 302 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 pump, drawing from the lake 1,400 gallons of water per minute, also two air compres- sion tanks of a capacity of 1,000 gallons each. From these tanks, the water, by the pressure of the air, is carried for the present to the kitchen and laundry-house only. A 6-horse-power gasoline engine, located on the first floor, gives very good satis- faction. It runs the water-pump, set up in the cellar, and also a 32-inch in diameter circular saw, which cuts our fire-wood, outside of the building. The upper part of the new building is used for drying lumber. Accommodation. — There is room for about 45 children. Attendance. — We have always more than the number of 40 pupils for which we are allowed the per capita grant by the government. Clasi^-rooni Work. — We have two female teachers, who devote their time and strength to the instruction of our Indian children. The report made on our school last year by Inspector Semmens was very complimentai-y to the staff 'and children. I beg to quote two sentences from his reiwrt: — ' I must express my admiration of the skill, ability and enthusiasm manifested in teaching these children. Reading and spelling showed distinct advance on last year's showing, and the general behaviour was perfect.' Farm and Garden. — All the farming and gardening work is done by the school boys, helped sometimes by the school girls. We have about 10 acres of land under cultivation. Industrial Work. — The boys learn farming and gardening; the girls are in- structed in housekeeping, cooking, baking, dressmaking, &c. Moral and Religious Training. — Prayers are attended daily, both morning and evening, in the chapel. Each day there is the memorizing of some lesson of cate- chism and Bible history, and several times a week explanations are given. Water Supply. — Our water-supply is drawn from the Lake of the Woods by our new Meyers pump, run by a gasoline engine. Although I must say that our water-supply system is not yet completed. On the shore of the lake our water-pipe not being protected against frost, we have to disconnect it every time we cease to pump. I hope that in the spring a bank of ground will be built to cover it. Fire Protection. — We have 20 fire-extinguishers, 6 fire-pails and fire-axes, hang- ing in convenient places, and 2 outside fire-escapes running from all the dormitories. Heating. — The building is heated by 2 hot-air furnaces and 2 box stoves, and lighted by coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — In winter the principal outdoor amusements for boys are sliding, skating, and hockey games. In summer, they play baseball, football, &c. The girls amuse themselves by swinging, sleighing, doll-dressing, listening to the gramo- phone, &c. General Remarks. — Before closing this report, I wish to express my gratitude to the department for the sum so generously voted for the improvement of our school. I beg to express also my sincere thanks to Mr. McKenzie. our agent, for his kindness and attention in all matters connected with oiir school. I must also tender my most profound gratitude to our inspector, Mr. John Semmens, for the unremitting interest he has always taken in our school, and for the uniform courtesy and kindness which he has shown to us at all times, I have, &c., P. BOUSQUET, O.M.I., Principal. i RErORTS ON BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 303 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Manitoba Superintesdency — Keewatin District, Norway House Boarding School, Norway House, May 25, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir. — I have the honour of submitting the eleventh annual report of the Norway boarding school, for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated at Kossville mission, close to the edge of Nor- way House reserve. Land. — The school has a nominal claim only to a strip of land partly on the re- serve and partly in Rossville village. About 2 acres are being used as a garden. Buildings. — ^The main building is 40 x 100 feet, two storeys high, frame through- vHit. The two class-rooms are in separate buildings. There is also a stable, a root- house, a storehouse, a boat-house and an ice-house, all built of logs, and a wood- shed and three closets of frame construction. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 55 pupils and a staff of 6. Attendance. — The attendance this year has been all that could be desired. The school has been filled to its capacity all the year. Class-room Work. — The course prescribed by the department has been adhered to, and the progress of the pupils has been quite satisfactory. Farm and Garden. — There is not sufficient land available to enter into farming operations, but gardening is carried on to some extent. Industries Taught. — The girls are taught all household duties, and have regular hours in each department, alternating in the following departments : sewing-room, kitchen, laundry, dining-room and general housework. The boys have a little train- ing in gardening, carpentering and the care of cattle. t Moral and Eeligious Training. — This consists of morning and evening worship, during which there is singing, reading, exposition of the scriptures and prayers. There is preaching twice each Sabbath, and also Sabbath school as well as prayer meeting each week, at which there is a special class for girls and one for boys. Health and Sanitation. — Every possible effort has been made to preserve the good bealth of the school, but still'three deaths have occurred and there has been quite a lot of scrofulous troubles. Water Supply. — The water-supply is abundant, the school being situated on the east branch of the Nelson river, where it passes through Little Playgreen lake. Fire Protection. — Four tubes of Eclipse fire-extingviishing powder are hung in convenient parts of the building; three barrels of water in the kitchen, one in each of the play-rooms, and buckets and axes always handy. Heating and Lighting. — The lighting has been done with oil lamps and candles. Heating is done by means of two furnaces and box-stoves. Recreation. — Each child has at least four periods of recreation during each day; some member of the staff conducts the games or takes them for walks as often as pos- sible. Rowing, football, baseball, skating, coasting, pitching quoits and other sports are indulged in freely in their time. I have, &c.. J. A. LOUSLEY, Principal. 304 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIA.X AFFAlKii i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Provin'ce of Manitoba. Pine Creek Boarding School, C'AMPERviLr.E, Aijril 1, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Intlian Affairs, Ottawa. Sib, — I beg to make my anual report, as follows: — The Pine Creek boarding school is situated on the west shore of Lake Winni- pegosis, near the Pine Creek reserve. Camperville is the name of the post office. Land. — One hundred and sixty acres of land, being section 1, township 35, range 19, west of the 1st meridian, is connected with the school. This land is the property of the principal. It is used for farming and as hay-land. Buildings. — The school is a stone building, 115 x 45 feet inside. It is divided as follows: in the basement are the kitchen, 22 x 16 feet; the refectory, 46 x 22 feet; the wash-room, 30 x 29 feet; the store-room, 30 x 22 feet; the dairy, 20 x 13 feet; the cellar, 24 X 22 feet; the boiler-room, 26 x 20 feet; the pantry, 20 x 10 feet; the baking-room, 22 X 16 feet; the refectory for the female staff. 16 x IC feet. On the first floor are 2 class-rooms, 23 x 22 feet each ; 2 recreation halls, 23 x 22 feet, respectively, and 7 private rooms and a parlour. On the second floor are 2 infirmaries, 17 x 15 feet each, the sewing-room, 22 x 15 feet, 5 rooms for the female staff, and a chapel. In the attic are 2 dormitories, 49 x 45 feet each, and 2 rooms for the night guardians, 15 x 14 feet each. There are also: 1 stable, 100 x 59 feet; 1 saw-mill and carpenter-shop, 30 x 30 feet; 1 shed, 115 X 18 feet; 1 ice-house, 20 x 16 feet. Attendance. — The attendance is very regular. Class-room Work. — Most of the pupils are anxious to learn, and they do all in their power to meet the wishes of their teachers. Farm and Garden. — Ten acres are under cultivation ; vegetables are the principal products. Industries Taught. — The boys are taught the raising of horses and cattle and farming. The girk are taught sewing, knitting, housekeeping, cooking, baking and the care of the dairy and poultry. Moral and Religious Training. — Each day half an hour is given for moral and religious training. Health and Sanitation. — All the children generally enjoy good health. The house is large and well ventilated. The food is substantial and exercise is never wanting. Water Supply. — Our supply of water is drawn from the river by means of a wind- mill. Fire Protection. — There arc 2 fire-escapes, and besides, on each floor, there are pails, axes and a hose. Heating and Lighting. — The house is heated by steam and lighted by acetylene gas. I have, &c., A. CHAUMONT, PrincipaL 1 REPORTS Oy BOARDiyO AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 305 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Province of Manitoba, Portage la Prairie Boarding School, Portage la Prairie, April 1, 1909 Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Siipt. General of Indian Affairs. Ottawa. Sir. — I have the honour to forward my annual report for year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — This school, ■which is situated ahout a quarter of a mile east of the city of Portage la Prairie, is not on a reserve. Land. — There are 2 acres of land in connection with the school. This land is within the corporation of the city and is owned by the Presbyterian Church. It is very suitable for garden purposes. Building-s. — The building is of frame on a stone foundation, with a school-room adjoining. We have an excellent stable for 2 cows and a horse, also a poultry-house to accommodate 60 fowls. Accommodation. — The school can accommodate 35 pupils with a staff of 4. Attendance. — The attendance has been very satisfactory in every way, and our average has been 30. Class-room Work. — The majority of the children being under 12 years, they are not in advanced .standards, but have made good progress in their work. The children speak English altogether while in school. The grading of the pupils is as follows : — Standard 1 0 pupils. II 5 " " III 5 " « IV 9 " " V 4 '■' *" VI 1 Total 30 " Farm and Garden. — One acre is used for garden; the other is divided into two playgrounds, one for the boys and one for the girls. We have 2 cows, 1 horse and 50 fowls. Industries Taught. — In the house the girls have been carefully trained in habits of neatness and industry in the kitchen and laundry. They also get a good train- ing in sewing and general housework. The boys are employed in cutting wood, gardening, carpentry, stable work and poultry management. Moral and Eeligious Training. — Thirty minutes, morning and evening, is devoted to religious instruction. The children attend one of the city churches. Their con- duct throughout the year has been excellent. Health and Sanitation. — We have had no sickness of any kind during the year. There are two isolated wards in the school, should we require to use them. Water Supply. — We have two good wells and a soft water tank which holds 20 barrels; the latter is in the basement. Fire Protection. — We have 2 fire-extinguishers, 9 water pails, 12 dust fire- cxting-uishers, and a force pump. Our proximity to the city, with a telephone in the building, greatly strengthens our fire-protection, as we can make use of the city fire-brigade. 27— i— 20 306 DEPAJiTMEXT OF JXDIAX AFFAIR.'^ i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Heating and Lighting. — The school is heated by hot air and lighted by electri- city. Recreation. — The girls have many games in summer, and skating in winter. The boys play football, baseball, tennis nnd hockey. I have, &c., W. A. IIEXDRY, Principal , Province of Manitoba, Sandy Bay Boarding School, Sandy Bay, April 3, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sid, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — This school is situated in the centre of the Sandy Bay reserve, on the west shore of Lake Manitoba. Land. — The land on section 16, township 18, range 9, has been given by the Sandy Bay band. It comprises 100 acres, 50 of which are cleared and 35 imder cul- tivation. Buildings. — The school-house, 70 x 40 feet, is a 3 storey frame building on a stone foundation : The basement contains the dining-rooms, kitchen, pantry, baking-room, lavatory and a shoemaker's shop. On the first floor is the entry, class-room, chapel, principal's room and the boys' play-room. On the second floor are two infirmaries, nuns' quarters, sewing-room and girls' play-room. On the third floor are the dormi- tories. Besides the annex, pai-tly used for gas plant and gasolene engine, there has been erected during the past year a carpenter's shop, a 2 storey frame building, 20 x 30 feet, on a stone foundation. The .'=econd floor is used as a granary and the basement as a root cellar. The other buildings are stables, ice-house and implement-sheds. Accommodation. — We have ample accommodation for 60 pupils and a staff of 10. Attendance. — The attendance is very satisfactory. There are 50 pupils on the roll and the average attendance is 45. The grant provides for 42 pupils. Class-room Work. — The programme of studies prescribed is followed and the pro- gress is fair. Farm and Garden. — There were 20 acres imder cultivation, and during the year'15 more have been broken. The garden was, as usual, very profitable. We had plenty of vegetables for the winter. Industries Taught. — Boys are taught general farm work, such as care of horses and cattle, milking cows, sawing and splitting wood and gardening; they also help in ploughing and threshing, and a few are taught shoe-repairing. The girls are taught the various branches of housekeeping, sewing, knitting, mending, laundry and kitchen work. Moral and Religious Training. — Special attention is given to this essential part of education. The character of each pupil is cultivated with care, and their conduct has been very good. Health and Sanitation. — Throughout the year the health of our pupils has been excellent. The sanitary conditions are looked after carefully, and everything is clean around the place. i REPORTS O.Y BOARDJXr, AXD IXDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 307 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Water Supply. — A good well supplies the school with plenty of water; there is also a soft-water cistern for laundry use. Fire Protection. — There are 2 fire-escapes from the dormitories and hose connec- tions on each floor, with tanks in the attic. We also have 20 fire-extinguishers placed throughout the building. Heating and Lighting. — The school is heated by steam and lighted by gas. Both are satisfactory. Recreation. — Baseball, football and difi^erent outdoor games are most popular with the boys. The girls enjoy long walks in suitable weather. Crokinole, parchesi, checkers, skipping ropes and doll-dressing are also favourite pastimes. Picnics, taken near the lake shore, are most liked by the pupils. General Remarks.^ — The school was visited iu January by our inspector, Mr. Swinford, to whom I beg to tender my sincere thanks for his kindness and his cour- tesy. My most grateful thanks are also due to the Indian Department, which pro- vided us means of changing our water-closet system, which was very unsatisfactory. I have, &e., G. LEONARD, Principal. Provixce of Manitoba, Braxdon Ixdl'strial School^ Brandon, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the report of the Brandon industrial school for the year ended ilarch 31, 1909. Location. — This school is not on a reserve, but is situated about 3 miles northwest of Brandon, on the centre of a hill, which at one time formed the north bank of the Assiuiboine river, and from it there is a splendid view of the surrounding country. Land. — The farm in eonection with the school consists of the east half of section 28, township 10, range 19. About 220 acres is in the valley, and is good for farming and gardening; the part on the hill is used for the buildings, playground and pasture. Buildings. — The main building, with 102 feet frontage, brick veneered, originally T-shaped, is 3 storeys high, with a basement, and a 2-storey addition, extending to the west across the rear. It contains all the offices, dormitories, school-rooms, dining-rooms, &:e. The other buildings are homes for the principal, assistant principal, and farmer also barn, stable, hennery, carpenter-shop, ice-house, root-house, and a new piggery, v.hich was built during the fall of 1908, and will accommodate CO pigs, the floors and troughs are of cement. Thero is also a slaughter-house, feed-room, and a loft which will hold about 6 loads of straw. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 125 pupils, and the necessary stafF. Attendance. — The attendance during the year has been an average of 98, with 3 nou-grant-earning pupils. Class-room Work. — The half-day system is followed except in the case of the younger children, who usually attend all day. The authorized programme of studies is followed and the results in this department have been very satisfactory. The pupila are graded as follows : — 27-i— 20J 308 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Boys. Girls. Standard 1 12 12 II 6 3 " III 19 1.3 " IV 2 9 " V 3 « VI C 1 48 43 Farm aud Garden. — Careful attention has been given to these two departments, for we are convinced that in future the Indians must make their living ofi the land. There is under cultivation 177 acres, as follows: — Wheat, 27; oats, 30* ; barley, 14; corn, 8J; potatoes, lOJ; turnips, 4; mangolds and sugar beets, li; fruit bushes, 2; garden, 3; rye and timothy, 15; alfalfa, 8; clover and timothj', 7; summer- fallow, C; oats, barley aud pease for pasture, 9; oats for feed, 6 ; brome native grass, and rye, 25. Industries Taught. — The boys are taught farming, gardening, care of stock and poultry, carpenter work, and several other duties required to keep the institution in a good state of repair. The girls are taught cooking, laundry work, plain dressmaking, mending and gen- eral housework. Care is exercised in each department that the pupils shall be capable in their work. Quality rather than quantity is the ideal. Moral and Religious Training. — Sunday morning all the boys and as many of the girls as possible attend service in the Methodist church, Brandon, and in the afternoon Sunday school is held. The school is divided into 6 classes. A public service is held every Sunday evening in the institution. Every morning and evening the Bible is read and prayer is ofPered with the whole school. The staii is aiming by word and deed tc teach the principles of the life of Christ. Health and Sanitation. — Up to the new year the health was good. About January an outbreak of measles occurred ; about one-half the pupils had the disease, nearly all recovered in a short time, though some are still weak as a result of other things which followed the disease. Some deaths have been reported during the year from tubercular trouble. Dr. Fraser, the school physician, has been very faithful in the discharge of his duties. The building is kept clean, the ventilation and plumbing are good. Water Supply. — This consists of good spring vfater from a well in the liillside. pumped by a windmill into two large tanks on the top of the building, and is conveyed by means of pipes to all parts of the building. This supply will be supplemented by another well which is being completed, and the water will be pumped from it by meansi of the electric power which is installed in the building. Fire Protection. — A large McRobie engine is installed in the basement with suffi- cient hose on each ilat to reach any part of it. There is also a stand-pipe in connec- tion with the water tanks, with hose to every part of the building, and fire-escaiKJS from the dormitories. 'Heafing and Lighting. — The main building is heated by 3 wood and 2 coal fur- naces. All these are so installed that a large volume of pure fresh air is constantly tiowing into the building, while 3 large shafts provide for the exit of the foul air. The principal's and farmer's homes and the stable are lighted by electricity, obtained from Brandon. Recreation. — The favourite outdoor sports are running, jumping, baseball and foot- ball, skating and coasting in season. They are also well supplied with indoor games. The boys have won several silver trophies in intercollegiate contests. Remarks. — During the year 5 pupils have been discharged, 2 of the boys going to the File Hills colony, the other 3 returning to their homes. Eighteen pupi's have been i REPORTS OX BOARDiyG ASD IXDVSTRIAL SCHOOLS 309 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 admitted. The interest taken by the pupils in the different departments of work and ftudy is growing. The conduct of the school has been good. During the year a large washer and dryer, driven by electric power, has been installed in the laundry; it has been of great assistance in lessening the otherwise heavy work of this department. The faithful and efficient services rendered by the members of the staff cannot be too highly spoken of; each has striven to do his utmost in the best interests of the pupils. We close this report by expressing our gratitude to the officers of the department for their continued courtesy. I have, &c., T. FERRIEK, Principal. PliOMXCE OF M.4N1T0B/*. Elkhorx Industrul School, Elkhorn, March 31, 1909 Frank Pedley, Esq., , . Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The building which we have now occupied since September 7, 1899, is situated about a quarter of a mile from the town of Elkhorn, and stands in the centre of what was formerly known as the ' Gore,' a level piece of turf, some 42 acres in ex- tent, bounded on the north by the Canadian Pacific Railway main line, and on the south by a fence running along the public road allowance. West of this and immedi- ately adjoining it, lies our farm of about 320 acres, being the southwest quarter of sec- lion 4, and the southeast quarter of section 5, township 12, range 28, which contains excellent pasturage and wheat land, though the latter is rather cut up by sloughs, in addition to which the department purchased 20 acres of good hay-land adjacent to the • Gore,' all of which is owned by the Dominion government. Buildings. — These comprise the main building, principal's residence, the laundry, the gymnasium (the last-named containing the carpenter's shop and the paint shop), horse and cow stables, root-house, granary, implement-shed, boys' and girls' outhouses, coal-shed, together with a chicken-house annex on the east side of the cow-bam and a stone dairy built on the northwest corner of the main building, while the acetylene gas plant is housed in a small frame building in the southwest angle of the school. All these buildings are in good repair except as regards external painting, the need for which is becoming apparent, and the whole institution may be said to be thoroughly clean and in good order. There is also a small frame building just west of the laundry covering the sewage inimp and the cess tank, and last spring another building, 12 feet square, was erected midway between the two, in which was installed a 10 horse-power gasoline engine (formerly at the Rupert's Land industrial school) to take the place of the windmill in running the sewage pump, which was also utilized to run a small circular saw and a grist-mill, but unfortunately on Januarj' 30, this building was destroyed by fire. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 100 pupils and a staff of 15. Attendance.— The attendance was 83 one year ago. This dropped to 58 in Septem- ber, and is now 67; 4 pupils having just been discharged. Class-room Work.— Each of our pupils has a half day in the class-room daily, in summer from 9 a.m. to 12, noon, and from 1.30 till 4 p.m. In the winter school begins 310 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIBii i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 half an hour later in the morning, but evening classes are then held in the dining-hall from 8 till 8.45 p.m., after which all go to bed. Our standard of excellence is again fully maintained. Quite a few of the children show a more than ordinary aptitude for their worlv, and this was very noticeable in our annual examinations, which were held last June, when the competition for the silver medal ijresented ev?ry year by the late Mrs. Wilson was very keen. This was eventually won by No. 0-ir>l, Emily Donald, while No. 208, Joseph Smith, gained a special prize, presented by iliss Middleton, the results throughout being uniformly excellent. Of 5 pupils entered for the high school examinations only one, No. 192, David Pruden, was successful, though the marking of the others was on the whole very good. Our curriculum embraces reading, writing, arithmetic, grammar, spelling, com- position, literature, history (principally Canadian), and vocal exercises. Our present school attendance is as follows: — Standard 1 11 pupils. " n 23 " " III! ................... 9 " " IV 7 " V ; 11 " " VI 6 " 67 " Farm and Garden. — Farming is the one thing that the pupils can be taught to our mutual advantage, especially as the outdoor life is so much better suited to their physi- cal requirements. Under a careful and competent instructor, the boys are taught very thoroughly the systematic way of going to work, both in the use and care of the tools, the keeping of the stock, and all else in this department. Our grain crop turned out as well as any in the district, though an unfavourable fall militated against such returns as at one time appeared likely. Of wheat, we had l,-i25 bushels, a yield of better than 22 bushels to the acre, 5-lC bushels of oats and 100 bushels of barley, while in roots we stored 400 bushels of potatoes, of turnips 540 bushels, and of beets and mangolds 175 bushels, besides 3 loads of fine cabbage, with onions, carrots and parsnips enough to last us until the new crop comes in. Our live stock consists of 2 fine farm teams, 1 light team, 14 cows, a bull, a boar, 3 yearlings, 2 calves, and 6 pigs, all in good condition, with the exception of one of the light team, a very old horse. Thanks to the new dairy, we have been able to supply practically all the butter needed during the year, besides having plenty of milk for the pupil* I continued my plan again of giving some of the smaller boys each a little gar- den, and the results surpassed even those of last year. Among the flowers a late spring frost set us back badly, but by August we had a fine showing in the grounds, while an exhibit sent to the Brandon horticultural show irom the school was awarded the diploma for general excellence. Industries Taught. — In addition to the farm department we also have a car- penter's shop, where some of the boys acquire the practical rudiments of carpentry, together with instruction in painting, plumbing and general repair work, as well as a working knowledge of the gasoline engine, and in fact, except for the bricklaying, we do all our own construction work. This department also has charge of the gasoline engines, the sewage pump and drains and the gas-plant. Till the new engine-house burnt dtiwn. we had a circular saw rigged up with which we had nearly enough wood cut to last us till the warm weather. i REPORTS p\ liOARDiya AXD IXDUSTRIAL HCBOOLS 311 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Several of the boys are working at trades iu the town with most satisfactory results. At ijresent 2 boys are employed in the blacksmith's shop, one at shoemaking (by request of the parent), 2 at harnessmaking, one at milling and one in the print- ing office. The rest of the boys, the smaller ones, are kept pretty busy in the gardens and grounds during the summer, and also do the necessary chores around the main build- ing, besides keeping their own side of the school clean and tidy. The girls are instructed in the general housework, and under proper supervision, do all the cooking, baking, dairying and laundrying, and are also taught dressmaking, sewing and mending; all the girls' dresses, &c., as well as the boys' shirts and under- wear being made in the school. Moral and Religious Training. — This is luiturally the most important part of the mental training, and I feel satisfied with the results among our children. As far as possible, all go to church twice on Sunday, the distance being but short, where also the seniors attend the Sunday school classes, the juniors remaining at the school, where they are taught by the members of the stafF, and we also have morn- ing and evening prayers daily. All this, however, woxild be of little avail were it not for the general and persistent training, outside of the regular devotional exercises, aloi;g tl:e lines of honesty, truthftdness and obedience, which I try to have inculcated rather by example than by precept. In point of conduct around the school the pupils leave little to be desired, pun- ishment other than for petty ofFences being rare, while I am frequently being con- gratulated by outsiders with respect to their behaviour. Health and Sanitation. — In the matter of health we have been very fortunate again this year. There is now practically nothing of a tubercular nature in evidence, while there have been no deaths in the school for over two years, and all the pupils appear healthy and contented. Special stress is laid on thorough ventilation in the building, especially in the dormitories at night, and this, together with a free use of disinfectants, must be considered an important factor in this connection. Each pupil has a warm bath weekly, unless medically excused, and our arrange- ments for this purpose are very complete. Burnin'g wood in the furnace, as -we do. we are able to incinerate nearly all our rubbi.sh. while the residue, mostly soft coal ashes, is daily drawn to a distance from the building, and. after the winter is over, we try to keep the rear of the premises as clean as the front. Outhouses arc situated far enough away to ensure against possible ill conse- quences. The waste water runs by gravitation through a tile drain into an underground steel tank about 220 yards from the main building, whence it is pumped (till lately by gasoline engine and more recently by hand) to a safe distance out on the prairie. Improvements in this connection are under consideration by the department. The sick rooms are as far from the other rooms as possible, and are kept thoroughly clean and disinfected at all times, and all residues therefrom are burnt in tnio. and, if necessary, c-ompletc isolation is resorted to. Water Supply. — Our principal source of supply is from a well in front of the building, which has lieen hitherto unfailing, but the great depth to which the frost has this winter penetrated, has all but stopped the flow of water, and we are at pre- sent deepening the well to remedy this. The water from this well is raised to the top of the building by a IJ-horse power gasoline engine, whence it is distributed from a f)0-barrcl storage tank to the several floors. Fire P^rotection. — For protection from fire in the school we mainly rely on a Jfc- Robie chemical extinguisher in the basement, with ample hose service on each floor, 312 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAy AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 supplemented by 2 Babcock and 5 Stempel hand-extinguishers, together with '20 Eclipse dry-dust tubes. In connection with the iire-drill, it may be mentioned that at a recent visit of the inspector the dining-hall was completely emptied in the ordinary way without any in- timation in 40 seconds. In the summer the pupils are practised on the fire-escapes, and specially taught to mnintaiu perfect order and quiet whenever the alarm is given. In accordance with instructions from the department, all our external doors for- merly opening inwards, have been altered to open outwards. Heating and Lighting. — The school is warmed by hot water from a tubular hot water boilei-, heated by tamarack wood instead of. as formerly, American hard coal. This has been found to be both more economical and more efficient, the furnace not being as well adapted to the hard coal. Indeed, we shall have at least between 30 and 40 cords of this winter's wood left over for next winter's use. The school is lighted by an acetylene plant of 100 light capacity, which continues to give satisfaction. It is possibly more expensive to maintain than the old oil lamps, but the danger of fire is nothing in comparison, apart from considerations of greater efficiency. The system extends to the principal's house, the laundry and the carpenter-shop, but little used in the two latter. The kitchen ranges have recently had a thorough overhauling and repairing, and are doing much better, the coal consumption being reduced in consequence. Recreation. — Systematic recreation for these children is a very important feature here and I always like to foster a healthy spirit of sport and fair-play among them. Football always has been and will be the principal game for the boys, there being a very good football ground. Last year's team all but won the championship in the Cen- tral league. Baseball and hockey have each their turn in season, and for the latter, we have cur own rink, which the boys levelled and flooded themselves. The girls have skating, tennis, football, croquet and other games, and also swings, while in summer the lady members of the staii often take them for walks. The owners of the town rinlj again admitted the senior pupils free on two evenings fi week during the season, in return for the services of our band, which though still without a leader, keeps up to the mark very creditably. General Remarks. — About 10 p.m., on January 30, with the thermometer 32 below zero, and a high wind blowing, the fire alarm was sounded when it was found that the new engine-house by the laundry was in flames. When first seen the fire was beyond control and a few minutes after its discovery the building was a total loss, to- gether with the gasoline engine and other fittings and tools. The trouble evidently originated with the stove which was kept going inside to prevent the water tank from freezing, although the proper precautions had been taken in the construction of the building to obviate this possibility. The adjacent pump-house was saved intact, though with great difficulty, owing to the water freezing so quickly. While the past year has been otherwise a happy one, it will always be remem- bered among us for the loss of my dear wife and assistant principal, who was taken from us on July 12, after a short illness, leaving 3 little girls and a baby 2 weeks old. In the school and in the district generally, as in all our hearts, her death leaves a void which can never be filled. Iler every effort, her whole life in fact, was devoted to the best interests of the pupils and her co-workers, and I feel sure that the memory of her will always go far towards being an incentive for good to all, both pupils, staff and friends, who knew her. I feel very grateful for the sympathetic kindness extended to me in my bereave- ment, by the officials of the department and other friends throughout the Dominion, and, also, for the loyal support given me by my able and trustworthy staff, who have done and are doing everything in their power to promote the welfare and best inter- I i REPORTS Oy BOARDIXG AXD iyDV!ared to excellent advan- tage in their tasty uniforms. Special effort is being made to secure an adequate water-supply and to furnish therewith a perfect drainage. The principal has spared no expense, and is to be congra- tulated on securing the co-operation and assistance of the department. Discipline is good and the politeness of the children is a matter of frequent com- ment in the town of Kenora. I have found much to commend in the excellent work of the accomplished matron of this school. In my four years of visiting, I never yet found a case of serious illness. The school is under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Church, and all religious services are conducted by the principal. FOIiT FRANCES BO.\RDIXG SCHOOL (rOMAX CATHOLIC). Inspection was nuide here on January 13, 1909. The school was in charge of Father II. If. Urassard. O.^f.T., assisted b.v Sister Girard, matron, and a staff of 5. I found 45 children on the roll, 19 of whom were boys and 26 girls. The classification of the children was as follows: — i REi'Oins o.\ ito.ih'Di.w Axn i\DrsTi;[iL schools 315 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Standard 1 18 pupils. II IS " " III : 8 " " IV 1 " 45 " I found great improvement in the students' knowledg-e of Engli.sli, and the order and discipline -was a credit alike to pupils and teachers. The meals served were of the best cpiality and the cooking was very good. The pupils were very tidily dressed, and everything about the school was clean and neat. The water-supply was abundant, the hose appliances were in iierfect order; the fire-drill was promptly performed at the alarm call. The children were in perfect health and looked as if their life was not one of imprisonment or drudgery. Drainage and ventilation are both very good. The building is lighted by acetylene gas, and the .system is as perfect as it can be made. The main building is 70 x 40 feet, and 3 storeys above a stone basement. The equipment and management of this school are much to be commended, and the progress made is satisfactory. DAY SCHOOLS. I have ako been able to visit the following day schools, viz.: — HOLLOW WATElt RIVEl! D.\Y SCHOOL (CHURCH OF KNGLAND). This school was inspected March 12, 1!)09. The number of children enrolled was 10, classified as follows : — Standard I G pupils. II a •' " III 1 " 10 '• The school building and furniture and the books were well looked after. The building was clean and everything was orderly. The attendance is irregular and uusatisfactorj-, and this is accounted for by tho indifference of the parents, rather than the inefficiency of the teacher. I was. however, convinced that the teacher, who has been here some 16 years, and is now a man of 72 years of age, might with profit be transferred to some other point with advantage to all concerned. He himself desires the change. The attendance on the day of my visit was only 2 pupils, and as these were in standard I, no examination was held. FISHER RIVER DAY SCHOOL (.METHODIST). Inspection was held December 7, 1908. There were l;^ children present, nearly all in junior grades. This school has been kept open very irregularly during the recent past, owing to frequent change of teachers. Since August 24, last, however, Miss Demerse has 316 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAM AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 iDeen very faithful in the performance of her duty, and tie school, which staggered in its advance for a while, is .beginning to move ahead again with some evidence of animation. The building was clean, the material was well cared for, order was properly pre- served and regular classes had been organized. The examination showed that the pupils were beginning to respond to systematic teaching. BLACK RIVER DAY SCHOOL (cHURCH OF EKGI.ANd). This school was visited March 25, 1909. The number of children enrolled was 15, classified as follows : — Standard 1 13 pupils. II 2 " The teacher is Mr. George Slater of St. Peter's. The building was in goo J repair, and was kept clean and well aired. School property was well taken care of, but the advancement of pupils did not challenge our atention. I believe the parents are loyal to the school and supply the wood gladly, but the children have no ambition to learn, and attend more as a pas- time, or matter of form, than with any definite purpose to acquire knowledge. GENERAL REMAEKS. Most of my time this year has been spent in special work, as my diaries, regu- larly supplied every month, will show. I have acted under the. direction of the Com- missioner and have only left my office when sent by him. Sometimes I might have done more, but seldom would this have been possible. Yet I regret that it was necessary for me to neglect the examination of the schools for the more general duties that properly belonged to agents, but on no account must it be inferred that I was unwilling to work, or that my time was not filled in with duties, even though the list of schools inspected appears to be small. Much time was taken up with taking adhesions to Treaty 5. More than a month was spent in taking the census of Indians residing at Oxford House, God's Lake and Island Lake. Three long winter trips were necessary to help matters along at the new St. Peter's reserve at Fisher river. Two special journeys have been made to Berens River and one to Hollowater River and Black River reserves. I have, &c., JOHN SEMMENS, Inspector qf Indian Agencies, I REPORTS O.V BOARDIXG AXD IXDUSTRUL SCHOOLS 317 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Province of Manitoba, Lake Manitoba Inspectorate, Portage la Prairie, March 31, 1900. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian AflFairs. Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report of inspection of the industrial and boarding schools in my inspectorate that I have visited. BRANDON INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. I visited this school during the third week in January, 1900. The staff consists of: principal, Rev. T. Ferrier; assistant principal, Eev. B. W. Allison; farmer, H. Goodlaud; gardener, M. Cole; matron, Miss H. Sutherland; assistant matron, Miss A. E. Drummond; teacher, Mr. D. R. Murday; teacher, Miss Brundige; cook, Miss C. Thompson; laundress, Miss Oldford; seamstress, Mrs. Ram- say; poultryman, J. Goodlaud; carpenter, Joe Keeper. The positions of assistant principal, both teachers, laundress, seamstress and carpenter had all been changed since my. last visit, and I consider the staff had been improved and strengthened thereby. There were 108 pupils enrolled at the time of my visit, classified as follows : — Standard 1 33 pupils. " II 5 " " III 33 ''■ " IV 17 " V IT " " VI 3 " 108 The pupils in the higher grades attend school half a day and work the other half. Their reading was fairly good, but it is diiScult to get them to speak out or giv^ inflection to their voices. Their writing and spelling were good, and in arithmetic the highest were in compound fractious and appeared to understand their work. The order in the class-room was perfect and all that could be desired. The health of the children has been good, but at the time of my visit there was an epidemic of measles, the hospital wards were full, but fort^mately Miss Brundige, the teacher, is also a professional nurse, and as she had taken charge of the sick, and the doctor was attending rogularlj-, tho children were getting the best of care. The building is heated with 5 large hot-air furnaces and 2 hot-water heaters for the bath-room and the laundry. Anthracite coal is used in the water heaters and one furnace, and tamarack cord-wood in the rest. The Smead-Dowd system of ventilation is in operation here and is giving satis- faction. During my visit I was in every room in the building and the air was kept very fresL and sweet. The McRobie fire-extinguisher is installed here and has hose on the different floors. There is also a stand-pipe from the tanks at the top of the building, nmning down through the centre, with hose attached for use on each floor. There are also 2 iron fire-escapes on the outside of the building. 318 DEPARTMESr OF INDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 All the buildings, with the exception of the assistant principal's house, are lighted by electricity supplied by the Brandon city plant. The buildings are in a state of good repair, the farm buildings being particu- larly convenient for the care of the live stock. A new piggery has been built this year with the latest ideas in pens and feeding installed, also a killing-room with ceraeut iloor, water, &c. The farm had about 93 acres in grain and roots last season, from which they realized 3,083 bushels of grain, 5,887 bushels of roots, and about 300 tons of feed corn in stalk, and 22 tojis of hay. The live stock consists of: 1 Holstein bull, 21 milch cows, 5 two-year-old heifers, 6 beef cattle feeding for food-supply, 8 horses, G brood sows and 42 pigs of all sizes. The gardener being away, I was not able to get a record of the garden products, but the principal assured me that it was even better than the previous year. They also have a hennery here that is a credit to them, which gives a steady sup- ply of eggs the year round, and poultry whenever it is needed. The soil of the farm and garden is a heavy black loam that is very productive. The buildings are located on an elevated plateau on the north side of the Assiniboiue river valley, from which a beautiful view can be had of the city of Brandon, the position being also favourable for drainage. ELKIIORN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. I visited the school during the first and second week of February. 1909. The staff consists of: principal, A. E. Wilson; supervisor, Louis Ingram; matron, Miss E. Vidal ; nurse and head seamstress. Miss J. Cameron ; assistant seamstress, Miss O. Richardson; teacher, Miss A. J. Baldwin; assistant teacher. Miss K. Hollies; cook, Miss K. Richardson; laundress. Miss S. C. Favel; farmer, T. T. Smith; carpen- ter, James Goldie ; watchniau, Alex. Wood^hysician, M. Goodwin, M.D. There were 70 pupils enrolled at the time of my visit, classified as follows:^ Boys. Standard 1 1 II 10 " III 10 . .. J " IV 3 4 7 t " V 7 " VI 3 " VII 1 70 The pupils are all making very fair progress, in standards VI and VII; they have taken up the regular entrance work ; the senior pupils attending the class-room for half a day and the other half being applied to trades, farming and housekeeping. Both teachers are capable and take an interest in their work. The school building and the principal's house are in good repair. The other buildings, although not in bad repair, would be much improved by painting, which could be done by the pupils. A new engine-house was built since my last inspection, and a gasoline 12-horse-power engine installed, to pump sewage, chop feed, and saw wood, but unfortunately it was burned down on January 30, last, and this work is now being done by hand. The main building is heated by hot water, with one large boiler burning wood for fuel. All buildings are lighted by an acetylene gas plant installed in a small building attached to the school, which so far has given satisfaction. Ventilation of the school building is effected by a large brick shaft from the ground to the roof, and circtilation created by the steel smokestack passing up through the centre. The sj-stem appeared to work well, as far as I could judge. Girls. Total 8 9 7 17 7 17 4 7 4 11 3 6 2 3 1 i h'Kl'OUrs ()\ BOAU'DIM! AM) IXDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 319 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 For tire-protection, they have the JIcEobie chomioal fire-extinguishers, 2 Bab- eocks and 2 iron fire-escapes on the outside. The live stock consists of 1 buH, IG cows and 5 other cattle, 0 horses, C pigs and 6 fowl. On the farm they cropped 84 acres, from which they derived 1,931 bu.shels of grain and 2 stacks of sheaf oats, also l.l'W bushels of roots, and 45 tons of wild hay was cut. They summer-fallowed 45 acres, and 20 acres of fall ploughing was done. PORTAGE LA PRAIRIR (SIOl'X) BOARDING SCHOOL. The staif consists of: principal. W. A. Hendry, B.A.; matron, ifrs. IlenJry; assistant matron. Miss Hendry. Mr. Hendry acts as teaclwr and looks after the spiritual afi'airs of the Indians at the Sioux village. His qualifications have been told before, and it is only necessary to say he is perfectly capable of f\ilfilling any duties that may pertain to the po.sition of principal and teacher of an Indian .school. Jfrs. Hendry is also a trained nurse. The school receives a grant for 30 pupils, and that number were on the roll at the lime of my visit, classified as follows: — Boys. Standard 1 2 II 1 " III. . 2 " IV 3 Collegiate 1 New pupils that do not understand English.. .. 1 The class work is good and the children show intelligence ami ing in their lessons. Peter Ross is still attending the Collegiate Institute, and his record is such tJiat he is expected to obtain his third-class certificate quite easily in July next. The children have had good health during the past year, and it has not been necessary to use the sick wards. The building is heated by a hot-air furnace incased iu brick and burning wood for f\iel. The class-room is heated by a box stove burning wood. The water-supply is at present obtained from a well, but it is expected that tefi re another year the city water mains will have reached the school. For fire-protection there are 2 Babcock fire-extinguishers, 1 axe and 3 fire-pails, but vhe bui'ding is under the protection of the city fire department. The v.lole building is lighted by electricity supplied from the city lighting plant, and is thoroughly satisfactory. The building is in good repair, and since last inspection Mr. Ilcudry has had the bai;ement enlarged and the walls bricked up to prevent caving in. A chicken house h.is also been built and supplied with fowl, which is greatly appreciated. There is alto a good stable with 2 cows and a horse. The administration of this institution is in every way satisfactory. The children arast year. I have, &c., E. J. CUNNINGHAM, O.M.L, Principal. i REPORTS OX BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 339 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Pro^^ince of Saskatchewan, Onion Lake C. E. Boarding School, Onion Lake, March 30, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Siipt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit the annual report of the Onion Lake Church of England boarding school under my charge, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated on the northeast corner of Makaoo's reserve,, about 300 yards southwest of the agency headquarters. Land. — There is about 30 acres of land in connection with the school and mis- sion, this land being part of the reserve. Buildings. — The present school-house is a frame building, 30 x 40 feet, 3 storeys high, finished and painted throughout. The lower floor is one large class-room. Thn second floor is divided into rooms for members of the staS and the larger boys, and is reached by an outside stair. On both these floors the partitions and ceilings are fin- ished with steel ceiling. The third floor is one large dormitory for the small boys, and is reached by an inside stair from the second floor. Ventilation and light have been carefully provided, there being 11 windows on each floor, with a fanlight on each window; while on the upper floor extra ventilation is secured by a hinged window and a trap-door in the roof, which can be opened at pleasure. The 3-storey log building originally used as a school-room and dormitories, is now given up for use as a hospital, with a laundry on the ground floor. At time of writ- ing last year this building was in the hands of the plasterers, but is now finished throughout, giving us an excellent hospital, with ample accommodation for 10 patients and a nurse. Between the school-honse and hospital stands another log building, 20 x 22 feet, 2 storeys. The lower floor is divided into 2 rooms, used as bed-rooms for the large boya and the school teacher. The upper floor is a sewing-room, reached by an outside door. Close to this is a log store-room, 15 x 20 feet, with an upper and lower floor, used for storing meat. Our other storehouse, a frame building, 18 x 24 feet, has been en- larged and is now 18 x 50 feet, and includes a store-room, and wood-shed. The walls are covered with iron sheeting outside. The mission house, which forms the quarters for the stafl" and aU the girls of the tchool, is made up of 6 buildings, erected at different times, but all connected. Any one of the 4 outer doors gives access to the whole building, which is about 60 feet square. On the lower floor is the principal's office, Indian waiting-room, dispensary, sitting-room and bed-room, two dining-rooms, a kitchen, well-room and a bath-room. The upper floors are used as bed-rooms for the staff and girls' dormitories. One of the dormitories has an outer door leading on to a balcony, also reached by an outside stair, so that a fire-escape and free ventilation are both provided. There is also a cellar under the house, 20 x 30 x 7 feet. The stables are very commodious and comfortable. Accommodation. — We have ample accommodation for 70 pupils and a staff of 8 or more, if necessary. Attendance.^Nearly all the pupils being boarders, the attendance is regular. Class-room Work. — Here very satisfactory progress has been made. We have 2 good certificated teachers, 1 man and 1 lady teacher, and the children show continued interest in their studies. ■ 27— i— 22i 340 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Farm and Garden. — Our garden land covers about 5 acres, and last year we raised sufficient vegetables to supply the entire school. The work is done by the staff and children. Industries Taught. — The boys are taught carpentering and building, but they al?o have care of the stock and assist in haymaking and gardening. The girls are taught housev^ork in its different branches. Moral and Religious Training. — Particular attention is paid to this part of the work by each one of the staff, realizing as we do that without this training all our ether work is useless. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the children has been good. There have been two epidemics, i.e., whooping-cough and measles, prevalent during the year, and already our hospital has proved of great value to us. We had a trained nurse and were able to isolate all our cases. Every precaution was taken to prevent the spread of infection. Water Supply. — We have three \ve\\s and a siifficient supply of good water. Fire Protection. — Two small chemical and 1 dozen Eclipse fire-e>xtinguishers, with wells and plenty of water in 2 of our large buildings, are all the protection we have, with constant watchfulness. The doors of the dormitories have all been hung to open outwards. Heating. — All the buildings are heated with wood stoves. Where there is danger of the children playing with fire, we use top-draught stoves, so that it is almost im- possible for them to reach the fire. Recreation. — The principal recreations are football, cricket, swings, skating and foot races. General Remarks. — The repairs this year to our buildings have cost a great deal. We took off the old tin roof of the school-house and put on a new one of galvanized iron and steel shingles. We also put a new roof on the haspital, raised the roof of the veranda and extended the veranda round two sides of the building and threw out a large bay window on the west side to give good light in the operating-room. We had the old outside stair removed and a new one built at the southeast corner, instead of the front of the building as it was formerly. This enables us to use the hospital as a separate building and makes it entirely apart from the laundry. If the work increases, we have allowed for the opening of a staircase, inside, to the ground floor, and would then remove the laundry and devote the entire building to hospital purposes. I have, &c., J. R. MATHESON, Principal, Province of Saskatchewan, Round Lake Boarding School, Whitewood P.O., April 28, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report of the Round Lake boarding school for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated in the Qu'Appelle valley, at the east end of Round lake, on the northeast quarter of section 14, township 18, range 3, i REPORTS O.Y BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 341 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Land. — The south half of section 23 and 22 acres of section 14 are school property. Buildings. — The buildings are frame on stone foundation. The boarding school proper contains waiting-room, dining-rooms, parlour, kit- chen, laundry, store-rooms, cellars, girls' dormitories, sewing-room and rooms for members of the staff. The school-house contains the school-room, two class-rooms, teachers' rooms and the boys' bed-rooms, with basement for furnace. Besides there are two stone stables, 24 x 40 feet, with frame loft for feed ; also a residence for the principal. Accommodation. — The buildings are capable of accommodating 80 pupils with a .staff of 6. Attendance. — There are 42 pupils on the roll, and the attendance has been good. Class-room Work. — The school hours are from 9 to 12 a.m., and from 1.30 to 4 p.m., and good progress has been made by the pupils. The programme of studies of the department has been followed. Farm and Garden. — There is a farm in connection with the school, under the supervision of an experienced farmer. About 100 acres are under cultivation. The garden supplies us with all our vegetables ; our herd of cattle supplies us with milk, butter and meat. Industries Taught. — The boys are taught general farm work, and the girls general housework. Religious Instruction. — Religious instruction k given in morning and evening devotions, the Sabbath school, and in all our dealing and teaching we try to build up a good character. Health and Sanitation.- — The buildings are well drained towards the river, the rooms arc large and well ventilated, the food is abundant and well prepared, and the health of the p\ipils very good ; not one case of scrofula in the school. Water Supply. — There is an abundant supply of water from the lake and from a well. Fire Protection. — Fire-extinguishers are kept in convenient places, also a con- stant supply of water. Fire-buckets and stovepipes are kept in good repair. Heating and Lighting. — The rooms are heated with a hot-air furnace and wood stoves, and coal-oil lamps are used for lighting purposes. Recreation. — We have skating and tobogganing in winter, and in summer foot- hall, basketball, bathing, climbing the hills, rowing on the lake or riding in the saddle, Ls often enjoyed by the pupils and members of the staff. I have, &c., H. McKAY, Principal. Province of Sask.\tchewan, Thunderchild's (St. Henry) Boarding School, Delmas P.O., March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit a report of Thunderchild's (St. Henry) board- ing school, for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The Thunderchild's (St. Henry) boarding sehc^ol is adjacent to Thun- derchild's reserve, on the Roman Catholic mission. 342 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIR8 I : 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Xand. — The land in connection with the school consists of the southeast quarter •section 6, township 46, range 18, west of the third meridian, patented. Buildings. — The school buildings are of frame construction. The foundations are of stone. The interior of the main building is plaster finish except the ceilings, which are of wood. This building is 36 x 28 feet, 2J storeys high, with an annex at the i^onth end, 36x28 feet, 3 storeys high. The third storey was completed last fall, and furnishes us with a lovely dormitory for our white girl boarders. The interior of the annex is wood finish in every room. Accommodation. — We can easily accommodate 50 children. We have taken over 20 white children boarders, as the grant for our 20 Indian boarders is not sufficient to jiiiy for all the expenses incurred. The present staff, which numbers 8, have their own separate quarters. Attendance. — The attendance was remarkably good, ranging from 3 to 5 above the grant-earning number. We have had 3 discharges and 3 admissions during the yeai. Class-roonij Work. — This is governed by the ofBcial programme of studies for In- dian schools. The time appointed is from 9 to 11.45, a.m., and 1.30 to 4 j).m., with a fctort recess in the middle of each session. Farm and Garden. — A fair crop of timothy grass has been harvested, hut of our vegetables the frost has ruined nearly everything; not enough could be had for a year's supply. Industries Taught. — The boys have the horses and cows in their charge. They also keep clean their room and dormitory and do a little work around the house. The girls are kept busy at general housekeeping, sewing, mending and washing clothes, helping in the kitchen, &c. Moral and Eeligious Training. — This has the first place in all our work here, and we believe that the efforts put forth with the assistance of the staff have met with a great measure of success. Health and Sanitation. — Two children, one boy and one girl, died of consump- tion during the past year. Except this, the health of the pupils was fairly good all the year, until an epidemic of whooping-cough visited the country, which broke out in the boarding school also. It lasted for almost 2 months, but left jio ill effects. The sanitary conditions are looked after carefully, the ventilation is excellent, and everything is kept clean around the house. Water Supply. — A good well, which is close at hand, provides the school with .all the necessary water. Fire Protection. — There are a number of exits should fire occur. Three barrels, in the dormitories, are kept constantly filled with water; we also have a few axes and pails always at hand. Heating and Lighting.- — The buildings are heated throughout by two ' Little Ox ' furnaces. The fuel used is wood. Light is supplied by coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — The pupils are allowed outside as much as possible, and they amuse tliemselves with various games. General Eemarks. — It must be recorded that in August last, at the visit of the Hon. David Laird, an address was read by one of our pupils, David Jimmy, a little lot of 5. David Frenchman presented him with a lovely bouquet of choice flowers. In return Mr. Laird answered in the most gracious and cordial manner. His wise counsels were such as one could cxpiicl., practical and full of encouragement. Before closing, I beg to thank the department for the kindness and interest it lias shown to this school. Our worthy inspector, Mr. W. J. Chisholm, deserves special mention for his unremitting attention and kindness on behalf of the school. Also our devoted agent, 1 REPORTS ON BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 3i3 SES6I0NAL PAPER No. 27 Mr. J. P. G. Day, whose interest and assistance have Ixjen of great aid in placing the work on a good basis. I have, &c., H. DELMAS, Priest, O.M.I., Principal. Province of Saskatchewan, Battleford Industrial School, B.\TTLEFORD. March 31. 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottavs'a. Sir, — In accordance with your circular of February 25, the following report in connection with this school, for the fiscal year just ended, is respectfully submitted. Location. — The schol is located on the high, south bank of the Battle river, about 2 miles west of where this river falls into the north branch of the Saskatchewan river, and about 2 miles south of the town of Battleford, which is our post office. This place is beautiful for situation, overlooking, towards the north, t]ie two tov.-ns of Battleford and North Battleford (the latter a divisional point of the Canadian Northern Railway), and the rivers already mentioned, with their picturesque valleys; to the south the Eagle Hill range and a vast extent of country in all directions. The school buildings are erected on land specially reserved by the Dominion government for the use of this school. The main building, with certain changes and additions rendered necessary for the work of the school, is the same that was usfid as the official residence of the Hon. David Laird, the present Indian Commissioner, when he was the first Lieutenant-Governor of the then North-west Territories; it was also used as the council chamber for the meetings of the North-west Council of those days. Land. — In the immediate vicinity of the buildings we have a reserve of 566 acres, ;.nd one of .376 acres, 3 miles east of the school. The former is where all our farm- ing land is; the latter is mainly a hay swamp, where we get our supply of hay each year. The land is in township 43, range 16, west of the third principal meridian, and embraces portions of sections 15, 17, 18, 19 and 20. Buildings. — These consist of the main building, in which the pupils and most of the members of the staff reside, the principal's residence, 2 cottages, carpenter-shop, blacksmith-shop, store-room, stable, well-house, pig-pen, warehouse, root-house, laun- dry, granary, and the usual small outbuildings, besides carriage and implement sheds. Some of the buildings were reshingled, and considerable minor repairs done in various places during the year. Accommodation. — We have accommodation for about 150 pupils, if we could get that number, and for the staff that would be required to instruct and care for them. Attendance. — Only one death took place among the pupils during the year. Three boys and 2 girls were discharged, 4 boys and 8 girls admitted. We enter on the in- coming year with an enrolment of 68 pupils. Class-room Work. — The course of studies required by the department is followed, and the pupils are graded from the alphabet up to standard VI. Several of our ex- pupils, of whom two are now ordained missionaries, are engaged in the work of teaching in connection with the Indian schools in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Three of the eldest boys arc attending the public school in the town of Battleford, as day scholars, with the view of qualifying eventually for teachers' certificates. 344 DEPARTMENT OF 7.VD7A.Y AFFAIRS . i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. W10 Farm and Garden. — We have over 60 acres cultivated, about 6 of this being vorked as a vegetable garden and potato patch. Industries Taught. — Farming and gardening, the care of horses, cattle, pigs and poultry, carpentering, kalsomining, painting, glazing, baking, dairy work, laundry work, sewing, knitting, making and mending clothes, cooking and general housework, are the industries taught. Moral and Religious Training. — To this we give careful attention, as being the only foundation on which to build up worthy characters and true citizenship. We have the regular Sunday services of the church, the Simday school, a shortened form of morning and evening prayer, with the reading of Holy Scriptures, each day, and a midweek service each Wednesday evening. A circle of the ' Kings Daughters ' among the girls, and the ' King's Sons ' among the boys, and a branch of the ' Daily Scrip- ture Reading Union,' to which both boys and girls belong, have been carried on for several years with manifestly good results. The organizations are officered by the pupils, and are carried on under staff supervision. Health and Sanitation. — We have been blessed with good health in general thioughout the year. The ventilation of the building is good, an abundance of fresh air passing through the building constantly, and the sanitary arrangements are at- tended to carefully. Water Supply. — We have a good supply of water of the best quality in our wells. Fire Protection. — We have a number of hand-grenades, Babcoeks and dry-dust fire-extinguishers, also axes and pails of water placed in different parts of the build- ing. There are 4 tanks, in which a fresh supply of water is always kept. Iron pipes connect with two upper tanks, and lead down to the lower floors, where rubber hose connect with them. A McRobie fire-apparatus is also located in the centre of the main building, having pipes and hose extending from it to each storey. There are fire- escapes from the dormitories, and a supply of ladders is always kept near at hand. The boys are told off to different stations in the main building and for water-supply. Heating. — This is done by hot-air furnaces and ordinary stoves, wood being the only fuel used. Lighting. — Ordinary tamps with coal oil are all we have for this purpose. Recreation, — Swings, football, hockey and other games, with plenty of other out- door exercise, are provided. We also instruct the boys in the iise of the buck-saw on the -wood-pile. We find this the most useful and best paying, of all the games. Ex-Pupils. — Of those who have returned to their reserves, some have not done so well as one could wish; in many cases their environment is very much against them. But these are not all ; there are others of them who have their own portion of land cultivated, their own houses, animals and other property, and are doing very well. Others again there are who have not returned to reserve life, but have struck out to work among the settlers, some at general work, some at carpentering. In this way they gain a knowledge of the settled life of the country, which is a very valuable pos- session whether they afterwards use it on the reserves, or keep on at work among the settlers. Some of our pupils are engaged in various places as teachers or helpers in con- nection with the Indian schools ; two have taken a course at St. John's College, Winni- peg, and have been ordained to the sacred ministry of the church. One of these is married to an English lady, and is in charge of one of our boarding schools and mission.?. The other took his degree of Bachelor of Arts in the University of Mani- toba, and is also now in charge of one of our missions. I^early all the girls that have been discharged are married, most of them on the reserves, to ex-pupils and others, but several of them are married to white settlers, and are keeping their homes in a creditable condition. While the results may not be in all cases what some might desire, yet we must not expect too much when we take all things into consideration. Improvement is very evident; the schools are doing good work, and the leaven of their teaching is seen in the surroundings of the ex-pupils. The residential schools, i REPORTS O.Y BOARDING AND lyoUSTRIAL SCBOOLS 345 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 picperly and systematically worked, are a true step in the way to solve the Indian problem. There is a very marked difTerenee between the tone oi the reserve where a considerable number of onr ex-pupils are living, and that of those reserves that are vi;iiout them. General Remarks. — I have pleasure in bearing testimony to the good work done by the various members of the staff. This tends to help in accomplishing the good work of teaching, training and uplifting the Indian to the plane on which we hope ho will stand by and by. I beg to thank the officers of the department for the consideration, courtesy, and kindness shown by them in all their dealings with us. I have, &c., E. MATHESOX, Principal. Province of S.^skatchew.^x, Qu'Appelle IxDrsTRUL School, Lebret p. 0., April 10, 1909. Fr.4NK Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — This school is pleasantly situated on a lake in the Qu'A^^ppelle valley. It is not on a reserve, but is close to seven. The nearest railway is 10 miles distant. Land. — The land consists of different parts of sections all in township 21, range 13, west of the second meridian, and contains about 990 acres, of iwhich about one- third is arable, and is all fenced. It is the property of the department. Buildings. — There are three separate buildings, as follows : main building, 120 X 50 feet, contains kitchen, dining-room, offices, chapel and hospital; girls' building, 80x50 feet, contains play-rooms, class-rooms and dormitories; boys' building is same size and used for same purposes. Accommodation. — The school will accommodate 225 pupils and staff of 15. Attendance. — The attendance for the year has been satisfactory. There were 240 pupils enrolled at the end of March ; 117 boys and 123 girls. Class-room Work. — The programme of the department has been followed, and the progress is satisfactory. The pupils are classified as follows: — Boys. Girls. Total. Standard 1 19 47 66 II 18 22 40 " III 40 31 71 " iV 12 14 26 " V IS 2 20 " VI 10 7 17 The first and second standards attend class regularly for six hours each day, and the higher ones attend class one half of the day and work at the different trades and general housekeeping the other half. Farm and Garden. — The number of acres under seed was 250, as follows : 125 acres under wheat, which was a failure owing to frost, only 600 bushels being threshed 346 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 for feed; 150 acres under oats giving a yield of 3,000 bushels; ten acres were planted to roots. There are from 12 to 14 boys attached to the farm. Stock. — The live stock consists of 35 cattle, 34 horses, 58 hogs and about 125 poultry. Industries Taught. — The branches of industry are blacksmithing, baking, car- pentry, tinsmithing and shoemaking. A number of boys are attached to each branch and are employed one half of the day and attend class the other half. A good train- ing is given therq., as considerable custom work is done here. Moral and Keligious Training. — The vice-principal and teachers attend to the moral training and general manners of the pupils. On Sunday and every day dur- ing the winter months, I hold a class for the whole school, when I give religious instruction for one hour after class. Chapel is attended night and morning daily. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has been good. The physi- cian in charge inspects regularly, and is attentive to duty. Water Supply. — Drinking water is obtained from wells. The water which sup- plies the house and laundry, also fire-protection, is brought from the lake 300 yards distant, into two 1,500 gallon air pressure tanks. Fire Protection. — The 250 feet hose on each flat of the main, boys' and girls' building are connected with the air pressure tanks. There are also two McRobie 75- gallon chemical tanks, with 50 feet of hose attached on each flat of the main and girls' building. There is an electrical fire alarm system with stations placed through- out the difl'erent buildings. Fire-drills are practised at intervals, and every precau- tion for the saving of life and property is taken. There are two iron fire-escapes attached to each of the three buildings, and 36 Star chemical hand fire-extinguishers are conveniently placed, as well as 12 Eclipse dry-dust fire-extinguishers. Heating and Lighting. — Four Gumey steam boilers are used for heating the three buildings. Two Siche gas tanks supply light in all three buildings. Coal oil and wood are used in the shops. Recreation. — Football and baseball are the favourite games for the pupils in summer. Plays, dramas, singing and band music are the winter pastimes. I have, &c., J. HUGONARD, Principal. Province of Saskatchewan, Regixa Ikdusteial School, Regina, April 29, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is located on the banks of the Wascana creek, 4 miles northwest of the city of Regina. It is not on a reserve. A half section of land was set apart for the use of the school at first, later a section was added. The soil is a stiff clay, much like the soil of the Red river valley. It requires very heavy horses to work the land. Wlieat, oats barley, flax and all the common vegetables do well. The land in its natural state was treeless prairie. A few miles below the school the valley of the Wascana deepens to a considerable extent, and it was here 1 REPORTS O.V BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 347 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 that the Indians, in the buffalo hunting days, used to make corrals for the capture and slaughter of these animals. So many were killed in this way that the piles of bones left at the place of slaughter, gave the name to the stream, which in the Indian language means the place of the bones. Ash-leaved maple, ash, poplar, elm and Russian poplar have been planted about the school grounds; these have grown very rapidly, affording considerable shelter from strong winds, attracting song birds and greatly iniproving the appearance of the grounds. Buildings. — The main building is of brick, two storeys high. The central part of the first floor contains the office, dispensary, dining-room, store-rooms, scullery and sewing-room. On the second floor of this part are the bed-rooms for the stafi and a small dormitory for boys. The boys' quarters and the assembly-room are in the south wing. The boys' dormitory, clothing store-room, lockers and wash-rooms are on the second floor of this wing. In the north wing, the girls' dormitory, wash- room, clothing store-room and lockers are on the second floor. On the first floor of the north wing are two well lighted class-rooms. The basement, which extends under the whole building, contains furnace-room, fuel-room, laundry, water-closets and bath-rooms. There are two pneumatic tanks for hard and one for soft water in the basement. Under the basement floor are two large soft water cisterns. The other buildings are: a two-storey brick veneered residence for the principal, a farm cottage, a cottage hospital, old laundry building, ice-house, carpenter shop, blacksmith shop and smoke-house. The farm buildings are: bam with horse stable under same, cow-stable, hog-pen, implement-shed and poultry-house. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 150 pupils and a staff of 12. Attendance. — During the past year the attendance was about 76. Class-room Work. — The class-room is graded as follows : — Standard VI V pupils. " Y 11 " « IV 9 " " III 18 " II 9 " « 1 22 " The course of study outlined by the department, for the use of Indian schools, is followed. Farm and Garden. — ^'ihis is made a very important part of the industrial train- ing for boys. The farm last year produced 3,500 bushels of grain, including wheat, oats and barley. The garden produced all the vegetables used on the school tables. Industries Taught. — All the boys are taught the care, feeding and driving of horses and the feeding and care of cattle and hogs. They are also given practical instruction in the use of farm implements, machinery and garden tools. Carpenter Shop. — Five boys received instruction in this department. Besides doing a great deal of repairing of farm implements and machinery, repairs on the doors, whiffletrees, neck-yokes, ladders, gates and numerous small articles. Printing Office. — A monthly paper, Progress, is printed at the school. Some of the ex-pupils, who have learned typesetting in this office, are earning good wages in newspai)er offices. The work is useful in connection with the class-room work, as the printer boys are found to make the greatest progress in spelling and English composition. Two boys have worked in this office during the year. Engine-room. —Five boys have received instruction in the care and operating of the steam-engine. Two of these passed their examinations before the provincial povernment examiner and have received qualified engineer's papers. These engineer boys prove to be very useful on their own reserves in the threshing season, as many of the reserves now own steam threshing outfits. 348 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Girls' Department. — All the girls learn cooking, baking and sewing; also laundry work. In the sewing-room they learn to cut and fit their own dresses, as well as other articles of clothing. Some of them are given instruction in the care of the sick, also bandaging and dressing sores and wounds. Moral and Religious Training. — The pupils meet in the class-room to learn Scripture verses every Sunday morning; Sunday school is held in the afternoon; different members of the staif take classes; the International course of lessons is fol- lowed. Service is conducted by the principal on Sunday evening. When the weather is favourable numbers of the pupils go to the Presbyterian church in Regina for the Sunday morning service. Pupils and staff meet in the class-room every evening for prayers. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has been good. Waste paper, dust from floor sweeping and other rubbish is burned. Rooms that have been occu- pied by the sick are disinfected after, even if the illness be only a minor one. Thorough ventilation is considered as most important. Outdoor exercise is insisted on daily. An outbreak of whooping-cough in the early part of the year passed off with no ill effects. Several of the pupils were operated on for scrofulous lumps by Dr. Thompson, the school physician, with good results. Water Supply. — Water of an excellent quality is obtained at a depth of 45 feet; but the quantity is limited. Another vein is struelc at the 95 foot level. Wells sunk to this depth can scarcely be pumped dry. The water is, however, in a vein of quick- sand that gradually rises and fills up a well to the water level, and also rapidly wears out the valves in a pumping plant. The water found at both the 45 and 95 foot levels is hard, but of excellent quality. Fire Protection. — There is a McRobie extinguisher, six Stempel extinguishers, a number of hand-grenades and dust extinguishers. Drills are given with a view to getting the pupils out of the building as quickly as possible. Heating and Lighting.- — The main building is heated by steam from a 30-horse- power boiler in the basement. The carpenter shop, laundry, bake shop and printing office are heated by stoves. The light used is acetylene gas. Recreation. — During the summer the boys play baseball, football and other out- door games. The girls play basket-ball. In winter skating for both boys and girls is the principal outdoor recreation. A magic lantern and a brass band are used to advantage, both for instruction and amusement. In winter many indoor games are played under the direction of one or more of the staff. Singing is taught and occasionally concerts are given ; most of the programme being given by the pupils. General Remarks. — The school has many visitors during the summer months. People from eastern provinces, and also from Europe, who chance to stop off in Regina, take advantage of the nearness of the school to see Indians, and also to note the educational work that is being done among them. Most of these visitors express surprise that our pupils speak English so well, and that they are so apt in their studies. I have, &c., R. B. HERON, Principal. i REPORTS O.V BOARDIXG A^D IXDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 349 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Provixce of Saskatchewan, XoRTH Saskatchewan Inspectorate, Prince Albert, May 22, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I hare the honour to submit my annual report on the inspection of schools for the fiscal year ended !March 31, 1909. battleford indl'Strial school. The staff of the Battleford industrial school at the date of inspection, June 20, included Eev. E. K. Matheson as principal; Vernon L. Denton, B.A., teacher; A. G. Cunningham, farmer; J. M. McConnell, carpenter; Miss E. A. Edwards, matron; Miss Annie Edge, nurse; Miss Janet Macarthur, boys' matron; Miss Helen Hayes, seamstress; Miss Winnifred Longhurt, cook; Miss Gladys Barnes, laundress; and Mrs. A. G. Cunningham, baker. There continues to be great diificulty in securing competent male assistants owing to the superior inducements offered by other occupations throughout the dis- trict. The attendance register of pupils shows the following: — Enrolled January 1, 1907 55 Admitted since 21 Total 76 Discharged by authority of Commissioner 9 Struck off roll as deserters 2 Died 3 ' Deduct 14 Enrolled April 1, 1903 62 Owing to the fact that day schools are maintained on all the reserves from which the school was originally intended to draw its attendance, it has become neces- sary- to recruit from remote quarters, in fact, from Saddle Lake in the west to the Pas agency in the east. During the preceding 18 months there had been four teachers in charge of the classses for short intervals, two of them having professional qualification, the other two none. The salary paid was $50 a month, with board and lodging, which is as high as the revenue of the school would admit of; but in spite of this it was found impossible to retain the services of a well qualified teacher. I found Mr. Denton in full sympathy with his work and devoting himself to it with much energy. He was succeeded shortly after by Mr. Sproule, iwho has had special training and much valuable experience. 350 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 The tone of the school was good; the pupils had caught in a marked degree the spirit of their teacher and engaged in their work with much quiet enthusiasm. In their attempts to keep up with their class-mates and to please their teacher they were still occasionally found to repeat, and frequently to write in their desk exercises statements that were quite meaningless, and which revealed a mere attempt at imitation rather than reasoning, a fault, however, which may be observed in some degree in all schools. The grading of the pupils was as folloiws: — Boys. Girls. Total. Standard 1 10 10 20 " II 6 6 " III 3 5 8 " IV 7 14 21 V 6 .. 6 " VI 1 .. 1 Total 27 35 62 Three of the most advanced pupils have recently been attending classes in tlie public school in Battleford, a change which will benefit them in many ways. The pupils are at present well behaved and submissive to authority, including the boys who are approaching the age for discharge, 18 years, who unfortunately are often the most difficult to manage and the source of greatest trouble to the staff. The pupils had games of their own organizing, participated in to some extent by the teacher; but of systematic physical exercise, drill and calisthenics, breathing exercises and chest expansion, there was none, though badly needed. At a subsequent visit I learned that such exercises were being taken up by the new teacher, Mr. Sproule, who was also giving much attention to singing practice. The building is heated by hot-air furnaces and stoves, and is always comfortable. Fresh air is supplied through the hot-air registers, as well as by the constant use of windows, which are arranged so as to be raised from below and lowered from the top. The dormitory windows are not fitted with storm sash, and are opened more or less both night and day and at all seasons. For the extraction of foul air there are shafts passing through the roof and surmounted with revolving cowls, which are helpful in all kinds of weather. There is, however, no complete system of ventila- tion, and the devices employed depend for their efficiency upon the vigilance of the staff and other conditions. I made a test of the condition of the air in each of the four dormitories, from samples taken at 6 a.m., the time of the pupils' rising, and I found that in no instance did it contain more than '06 per cent of carbon dioxide; but the atmospheric con- ditions without were very favourable and the windows had been open all night. In stormy or very cold weather the facilities for effecting the requisite change of air would not be nearly so good. The floors, windows and woodwork of the building have been washed regularly ; the laundry work is carefully supervised, and the children's clothing, towels, sheets and other linen are well and regularly washed and ironed; and blankets, mattresses, mats, &c., are frequently taken out of doors to be aired. The exterior doors of the building have been altered so as to open outwards, in accordance with the department's instructions; the fire-escapes have been examined and found to be in a safe and serviceable condition ; the fire-extinguishing appliances are of a varied description, and have recently been overhauled and put in good order. An oil-house, which was formerly attached to the building, has been removed to a safer distance. The farm and garden have been but a poor success for the past two seasons, whereas they had previously contributed in a substantial measure towards the support •i REPORTS ON BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 351 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 of the institution. This is due in part to unfavourable weather conditions, but in part also to cnange of farmers. A man requires to be engaged in such work for a time before he can bring circumstances under control and work out his plans. The buildings, which are numerous, were for the most part in good repair, but the stables and workshops required some renewing, particularly as to floors and roofs. THUXDERCHILD S BOARDING SCHOOL. This school was inspected on December 23, and the staff at that time included Rev. H. Delmas, O.M.I., as principal; and nine reverend sisters, as follows: Sister St. Stanislaus, superioress; Sister St. Omer, teacher; Sister Ste. Valerie, teacher of ncn-treaty children; Sister Ste. Ecine, laundress and housekeeper; Sister Ste. Emilienne, boys" seamstress; Sister Ste. Vietorine, girls' seamstress; and Sister Marie Ursule, cook. The number of treaty children enrolled is 20, which is* the authorized attendance of grant-earning pupils. These are all drawn from the five nearest bands of the Battleford agency, the homes of none being more distant than 25 miles from the school. The attendance register further shows : — Pupils enrolled March 31, when school was last inspected. ... 20 Admitted since 3 Total 23 2 Zo Discharged 1 Died 2 Deduct 3 3 Enrolled at date of inspection 20 There are in residence also 20 non-treaty children. S boys and 12 girls, who attend classes at an unorganized district school near by. The presence of these> children as boarders is helpful in some measure to the Indian children. The grading of the pupils is as follows : — Boys. Girls. Total. Standard 1 3 5 8 " III 1 2 3 " IV 2 2 4 " vr 4 1 .T Total 10 10 20 Sister St. Omer, as teacher, is well qualified for her duties, and her interest is entirely absorbed in them. Certain defects in the work of the classes, which were revealed in the examination, were noted and discussed, and it is certain that an ■earnest effort will be made to remedy them. The interest displayed by the pupils, and their general attitude toward their work, as well as their deference for their teacher and the other members of the staff, are entirely satisfactory. The building has recently been enlarged to double its former capacity, whereby accommodation is afforded for 40 pupils, instead of 20, for which number it was originally intended. 362 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 While the addition was being made to the building two hot-air furnaces of medium capacity were installed, and by means of these comfortable and nniform ■heating is secured. Ventilation is effected by various appliances which are in part automatic; but for a complete and rapid change of air windows and doors are mainly relied upon. The means of escape in case of fire from any part of the first or second storeys is entirely safe and sure; while from a "dormitory in the third storey, occupied by eight or ten boys, an additional escape was to be provided, connecting with a balcony in the second storey, and thence with the ground. It is now eight years since this school was established. In all there have been 37 piipils enrolled. There are 12 ex-pupils living on the adjacent reserves. These are mostly young and not as yet well settled down to industrial pursuits; but with possibly one exception, so far as I have learned, they are leading respectable lives, and show in a satisfactory measure the benefits of their training. OXIOX LAKE ROMAN' CATHOLIC BOARDXG SCHOOL. This school was insijected on February 4. The staff avas not changed since my former visit, and included Rev. E. J. Cun- Kinghnm, O.M.I., as principal, and ten Sisters of the Assumption. The attendance register shows: — Pupils enrolled April 30, 1907 45 Admitted since 22 Total 67 ]^i.^charged 14 Died 2 Transferred to High Eiver school 1 Deduct 17 Enrolled December 31, 1908 50 There are also in residence 4 Indian children for whom, as well as for 30 non- treaty pupil boarders, no grant is at present allowed. Sister Mary of Nazareth continues in charge of the junior form, a position she has filled for 10 years. Sister St. Patrick, who had conducted the work of the senior divi- sion with signal success for 13 years, was transferred by the superior of the order in July, 1907, to similar work elsewhere. Her place has been filled by Sister Ste. Isabella, who has experience in public school work and is a thoughtful, diligent and duly quali- fied teacher. The pupils in actual attendance, including those not enrolled, are graded as fol- lows : — Treaty. Non-Trbaty. Boys. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Total Standard I . . . . ... 14 21 35 8 8 16 cc n 3 3 1 1 2 Ill .. . 3 4 7 , , 5 5 iC IV .. .. 2 •2 1 1 2 a V .. . 3 4 i Total. . . . 22 32 54 10 15 25 In this grading five non-treaty day pupils are also included. i REPORTS ON BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 353 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The classes were examined, orally or in writing, in all the subjects of the pro- giamme. In general the pupils showed an intelligent understanding of the passages read, but the expression and articulation are defective. Certain prevailing faults appear to have grown up or at least to have become more pronounced through imita- tion. Apart from this, in the use of English, including grammar and composition, the results are encouraging and progress is good. The school routine is followed with the utmost exactness, and the children are under constant supervision, whether at work or recreation. The dormitories, dining-room and the senior class-room are taxed to their full capacity with the present attendance. They are all fully equipped and furnished, though to a large extent with home-made furniture, which is in some instances not of the most convenient description. The kitchen is large and is furnished most completely and conveniently. I found the ventilation good throughout all the rooms, though as there is no self- regulating system, it is a matter of constant care to the staff. The building has recently been much improved by painting, and some portions have still to be painted. An accurate record of receipts and expenditure has been kept. A debt incurred in connection with the enlargement of the building some two years ago is being steadily reduced. A substantial sum has been contributed by the parents of non- treaty pupils. Throughout the inspection and the examination of classes, I had, as on many former occasions, the valuable assistance of the agent, Mr. Sibbald. ONION LAKE (CHURCH OF ENGLAND) BOARDING SCHOOL. The inspection of this school was made on February 6. The school is still under the direction of Eev. J. K. Matheson,_ who has a staff of eix assistants, including two ex-pupils. These are girls, the one acting as cook and the other as laundress, and they are performing their duties in a creditable way and ren- dering satisfactory service. The admission and discharge of pupils since last inspection is shown as follows : — Pupils enrolled April 1, 1907 15 Admitted since 1* Total 29 Discharged ° Died 1 Deduct ■ 6 Enrolled December ?A, 1908 23 The greater part of the attendance is drawn from the bands included in the Saddle Xake agency. There are also 36 non-treaty pupils in residence and one day pupil. The entire attendance is graded as follows : — Treaty. Non-Tebaty. Boys. Girls. Total. Boys. Girls. Total. Standard 1 13 3 16 18 8 26 « n 2 . . 2 "III . . . . 2 4 6 " IV.. ....... 1 2 3 1 2 3 « V 1 1 2 . . 2 2 Total 17 6 23 21 16 37 27— i— 23 354 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Mr. D. H. Cameron, who had i5reviously been employed at intervals as teacher here, is again in charge of the classes, and has the assistance of his sister, who is pre- paring for the work of teaching. Mr. Cameron is a teacher of good qualifications and of some experience, and his methods of presenting the subjects and lessons to his pupils are particularly well studied and adapted. The classes were in a good condition of progress ; the pupils showed interest in all their work; and a most satisfactory feature was that all the pupils were at all times usefully occupied with work arranged for them by the teacher. All the classes study and recite in one large class-room. The room is an unusually suitable one as to space, lighting and equipment; but the class is too large and imwieldy, and the help of the assistant teacher could be of greater value i'f even the same space were divided into two separate class-rooms. In the interval since my former irispector, however, the class work suffered con- siderably from repeated changes of teacher. Moreover, it has not at all times been found possible to secure a teacher jjroperly trained for the work. I found the various rooms and apartments in a clean and sanitary condition. The air-space in the class-room and dormitories is sufficient; and though there is no regular system for changing the air, yet I found the ventilation good at the time of inspection. The school has been visited recently with measles and whooping-cough, but owing- to the excellent care which the patients received, no fatalities resulted, nor any notice- able ill effects. A hospital has been fitted up in connection with the mission for the benefit of the school and for the convenience of Dr. Matheson in connection with her work as medical attendant to the bands at this point. DUCK L.\KE BOARDING SCHOOL. On November 3 to 6 I inspected the Duck Lake boarding school. Rev. O. Charlebois, O.M.I. , continues in charge of the institution, and has five- male assistants as guardians of the boys and instructors in different branches of farming and in carpentry, while thirteen reverend sisters of the Order of the Pre- sentation have charge of the class work and domestic industries. The authorized attendance is 100 pupils, from which number the actual attend- ance varies but little, as indicated by the following: — Pupils enrolled October 1, 1907 .' 101 Admitted since 11 Total 115 Discharged 9 Died 5 Deduct 14 Enrolled October 1, 1908 101 Of this attendance 60 pupils belong to Beardy's, One Arrow's and Petaquakey's bands, whose reserves are in this locality, while the remainder are drawn in small numbers from many other bands, being for the most part orphans. Little difficulty is found in securing the attendance of all children of school age from the nearest re- serves whose condition of health is such as to render them eligible for admission. There are two ample and well-furnished class-rooms in regular use, besides a room adjoining the jimior class-room, which is partially equipped for school purposes, and is occupied by a primary class of about 20 pupils. i REPORTS O.Y BOARDiyG A.VD lyoVSTRIAL SCHOOLS 355 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The grading of the pupils is as follows • — Boys. Girls. Total. Standard 1 15 10 25 " II 6 10 16 " III 12 4 16 « IV 10 7 17 " V 12 15 27 Total 55 46 101 Sisters Mary Augustine and Mary of the Cross, in charge of the two regular divisions, are both teachers of good qualification and experience, devoting their whole time and attention to these duties. Sister Ste. Emerencie, who teaches the primary class, has no special training, but her work is done under the direction of Sister St. Basil, the superioress, and the other teachers. The classes were examined in all the subjects included in the prograrame of studies, and the results of the examination were almost uniformly satisfactory. Much care has been taken to lead the pupils to think for themselves, to understand what they do and not to repeat or perform exercises in a merely mechanical way. The success of efforts in this direction are very marked in the more advanced classes. The interest that a number of the pupils of the fifth standard take in book-keeping, and the intelligence that they display in their work in this subject, are also note- worthy. The industrial training for boys includes farming, gardening, the care of stock and assisting the mechanic in the repairing of buildings, and of a great variety of farm machinery. _ An excellent example is constantly before the boys in the care of implements, which are housed securely and in good order when not in use. The character of the training of the girls is most evident in the sewing-room, where the work is carefully graded according to the age and ability of the pupils, and the results are quite remarkable. On close examination, however, the training in all other branches of domestic economy is found to be equally systematic and thorough. The most rigid cleanliness is observed throughout the institution, in respect to floors, walls, windows, bedding, clothing and the persons of the pupils. A small room detached from the school building is used specially for fumigating the clothing of pupils on entering and on returning from holidays abroad. The former method of heating, namely, by means of hot-air furnaces and stoves, has been replaced by a very complete, and efficient system of steam-heating, which proved equal to the test afforded by the unusual severity of the past winter. Connected with the new system of heating, there has been installed a most thor- ough system of ventilation, extending to every part of the building and operating automatically. The provision for the removal of foul air and the supply of fresh air seems equally good, and it is confidently expected that the benefits of the improve- ment will presently be apparent in the health of the children. The former means of ventilation will, of course, not be entirely discarded. On the contrary, school-room and dormitory windows and the ' Aeolian ' ventilators on the roof will continue to be used freely, according as temperature and other weather con- ditions will permit. The building consists of but two storeys above the basement, and the fire-esapes are of a character to meet any emergency. During the inspection the fire-alarm was sounded while the pupils were in classes. They marched out in good order, double file, and the time occupied in clearing the building was 1 minute and 10 seconds. The finances of the institution show a steady improvement. There is a large revenue from farm and garden, live stock and dairy. In all branches of the manage- 27— i— 23i ■356 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Tnent a judicious economy is observed. Waste is as far as possible eliminated, and every article of food, clothing, or equipment, is made to serve its purpose to the best advantage. An industry of no slight importance in the economy of the school, as well as in the training of the girls, is soajj-making. The expense involved, solely for the pur- chase of lye, is but slight, while the product constitutes the entire supply of soap for laundry, kitchen and house-cleaning purposes, and in part for bath and lavatory use. The net profit from the industry is not less than $300 per annum. LAC LA RONGE BOARDING SCHOOL. The inspection of this school was made on August 3 and 4. The school is situated on the west shore of Lac la Eonge, about 200 miles north by east from Prince Albert. It was opened on January 1, 1907, and the average attendance of pupils since that date has been about 35. The staff at the date of inspection included Rev. James Brown, as principal; Mrs. Brown, matron; Miss Annie Cunningham, teacher; Miss S. Haslett, boys' mat- ron; William Bear, general assistant, and Samuel Abraham, labourer. The examination of classes revealed no very marked progress, even for the brief period that has elapsed since the opening of the school. They have acquired a little English, however, and they are learning to sing, and are receiving a general training in habits and manners that is of some value. The teacher, though not fully trained for the work, has shown both zeal and ititelligence in the discharge of her duties in the class-room, but her attention has been divided with other duties to the serious disadvantage of the class work. A larger staff is urgently needed, but it is difficult to secure help at this remote point. The health of the pupils has been particularly good. Down to the date of inspec- tion there had been no deaths nor any serious sickness among tlie pupils. The diet of the children consists largely of fish. During the twelve months pre- ceding the inspection, the school took no less than 21,000 fish from the lake, while 4,000 additional were purchased from the Indians. These were mostly whitefish, ■weighing from 3 to 4 pounds. The site chosen for the school has proved most unfavourable, owing to the poor quality of the soil, for farming, gardening, and the keeping of stock. Hay is to be Lad only at a distance of ten miles, and has to be hauled in winter over the ice. The soil is too sandy to grow grain, but by degrees a plot is being brought into con- dition for the growing of roots and vegetables. There are other points around the lake where excellent land could have been secured. The live stock kept by the school includes 2 horses, 5 head of cattle, 4 pigs and a few hens; and the^e are the only animals of this description within at least 100 miles, for which reason they are all the more useful. The pigs and hens live entirely on fish, as also the cattle, to a great extent, during winter. The building, which was not yet completed, is a frame structure, 80 x 26 feet, and of two storeys. The principal, who is himself an expert carpenter, had done much, and aimed to do much more, in the way of completing and enlarging the building, •which wa.s designed to accommodate 50 pupils, but was not yet large enough for that number. The maintenance of a school at a point so remote is in some respects an expen- sive matter. Supplies that have to be brought in from outside are, of necessity, very dear as compared with their original cost. For instance, the ordinary price of flour here is $12 per sack of 100 pounds; smoked bacon costs 35 cents a pound, and sugar i REPORTS O.Y BOARDIXG AyD IXDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 357 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 30 cents. The school has for income the usual per capita grant from the Jopart- ment of $72. In addition to this, the salary of the principal, $600, and that of the matron, $180 per annum, are contributed by the organizations of the Church of England, as are also numerous bales of useful clothing. This assistance, which is diily valued, comes in large measure through the Women's Auxiliary, ■whose secre- tary, Miss Halson, made a visit to the school shortly after its opening, and is conse- quently well informed as to its needs and the merits of its ■work. DAY SCHOOLS INSPECTED. Day schools were inspected as follows: — at Montreal Lake on August 8, J. K. Settee, teacher; on Thunderchild's reserve December 22, J. Rvissell Edwards, teacher; Little Pine's, January 7, C. T. Desmarais, teacher ; Poundmaker's, January 7, Miss Hilda Murphy, substitute teacher; John Smith's, March 9, Eobert Bear, teacher; Fort a la Corne South, March 11, Mrs. Ada Godfrey, teacher; Fort a la Come North* March 12, Eobert Bear, jr., teacher. The teachers of all these schools have been receiving a uniform salary of $30(r per annum from the department, supplemented in two instances by an allow- ance of $G0 for extra services, to which has usually been added by tlie Church of England $100 per annum in recognition of services as missionary. In a few instances the salary has been more than earned through the untiring and unselfish efforts of the teachers; and it is gratifying to all interested in this work that by a recent departure the salaries of the day school teachers are not to continue uniform, but the more deserving are to receive recognition according to their merits. Of the schools here referred to the one deserving most special mention is Fort a la Corne SoutL This school was opened six years ago, and Mrs. Godfrey has con- tinued in charge from the beginning, a steady and satisfactory progress has been maintained. The pupils are not allowed to sit dull and vacant at their desks; but whether in class or otherwise their faculties are constantly stimulated to activity and kept usefully employed. The results of the work and influence of this school, as revealed in the manners, conduct and intelligence of the pupils, and as reflected in their homes, are increasingly apparent. OTHER DAY SCHOOLS. The following day schools were also visited during the fall and winter and inspected, but not reported on fully: Mistawasis day school, Eev. C. W. Bryden, B.A., teacher; Ahtahkakoop's, Louis Ahenakew, teacher; Big Eiver, George Crain, teacher; Sturgeon Lake. Ldward Alienakew, teacher; Wahpaton (Sioux Mission), J. Beverley, teacher; Red Pheasant's, Mrs. M. Jefferson, teacher; Stony Eeserve, J. Isbister, teacher. I have, &c., W. J. CHISHOLM, Inspector of Indian Agencies. 358 DEPARTilEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Province of Saskatchewan, South Saskatchewan Inspectorate, Balcarres, April 21, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the following report on the different schools in the South Saskatchewan inspectorate: — • ROUND LAKE BOARDING SCHOOL. The Round Lake school, Presbyterian, situated in the Qu'Appelle valley, near the Crooked Lake agency, was inspected by me on May 29, 1908. This school is under the principalship of the Rev. Hugh McKay, and .staff of four persons. The main building is a frame structure, in which the girls and lady members of the staff live. The kitchen and dining-room are also in this building. The boys' dor- mitory, farm instructor's room and general class-room are in a detached building. At the time of my visit there were 38 pupils in the institution. I found the child- ren healthy, well fed and well clad. They are receiving a good training in all branches of housework, and were also well advanced in the class-room. The water system that was installed in this institution some time ago, is not in working order, and requires a complete overhauling, in fact, some new system should be installed. The school owns a fine herd of cattle and a considerable number of these are sold each year. cowessess boarding school. This school is siuated on the Cowessess reserve, in the Crooked Lake agency. It is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, and the principalship of the Rev. Pather Perrault, who has as his assistant. Brother Gauthier and a staff of six sisters. I found the school in the usual good order. The building from top to bottom was scrupulously clean, and everything about the building was in good repair. The class-room is far toQ small for the number of children it contains, viz., 45, and I advised the principal to take down a partition dividing this room from another. The children in this school are all quite small. They all appeared to be healthy and are well clad. The class-room work was well up and the girls in addition to their class work receive a good training in all branches of housework, and the boys in general farm work. This school has a splendid system of waterworks installed by one of the staff, and the building is lighted with gas. IIOOSE MOUNTAIN DAY SCHOOL. This school is situated on the White Bear reserve, Moose Mountain agency. I visited this school twice during the year, once in June and again in December. At the time of my last inspection there were 16 children in attendance, 7 girls and 9 boys. i REPORTS ON BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCBOOLS 359 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 This school is under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church, and is taught by Miss Armstrong, who is doing good work. I noticed a decided improvement in the class-room work since I last visited the school. The number of children in attendance has increased and will increase aa time goes on. The Indians of the reserve are taking a great interest in the school. QU APPELLE KDUSTRUL SCHOOL. This large institution is situated in the village of Lebret, on the Qu'Appelle lakes, near Fort Qu'Appelle, and is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church. The Rev. J. Hugonard is principal and is assisted by the following staff: — Rev. N. Ruell, assistant principal; Geo. Harrison, book-keeper; H. Leonard, teacher of senior boys; H. O'Connel, teacher of junior boys; John Brown, carpentry instructor; J. B. Richer, shoe-shop instructor; W. Peltier, farm instructor; J. Char- bonneau, assistant farm instructor; J. LeFleur, baker instructor; E. Donnelly, tin-shop tustructor; C. Hill, engineer and plumber; Rev. Sr. Goulet, matron; Sr. Lamontagne, assistant matron; Sr. St. Alfred, senior girls' teacher; Sr. McGuirk, junior girls' teacher; Sr. Lamotte, infirmarian; Sr. Baulne, cook; Sr. Marianna, laundress; Sr. Brabant, sewing-room. I made my inspection in October, 1908, and there were 240 pupils in the school at that time. These children are divided into four different class-rooms, two for the boys and two for the girls. I am of the opinion that there should be five class-rooms for this number of children. I found the children well dressed (all wearing a uniform)', and healthy in appear- ance, and I am told there was very little sickness during the year. The class-room work in the girls' department and junior boys, was all that could be desired, but there was room for improvement in the senior boys' room. I visited all the shops in connection with the institution and found everything in business order. The boys who work in these shops work on the half-day system, that is, one half day in the workshop and the other half day in the class-room. The school has a large farm in connection with it, from which quite a revenue is derived. Last year, however, the farm was not so profitable, owing to the severe frost which struck this district. While the oat and vegetable crop were fair, the wheat crop was an entire failure, and this was felt very much, as the flour (over 1,000 sacks), had to be bought, instead of being produced. I found the school scrupulously clean. The building has been occupied for nearly three years, and a person going through it would think that it had just been used a month or so. The woodwork is gone over every second day and there is not a scratch to be seen. The dormitories are all furnished with white iron bedsteads, and the bedding is in good condition, and presents a very tidy appearance. This institution is a show place of the district, and is visited by a great many people during the year. Many tourists from the east stop oS at Qu'Appelle and Indian Head and drive over to see the school. DAT STAR S DAY SCHOOL. This little school is situated on Day Star's reserve, in the Touchwood Hills agency, and is taught by Mrs. Smythe. At the time of my inspection there were 8 boys and 8 girls present, and there were 17 names on the register. The attendance at this little school has been remarkably 360 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 good throughout the year, and the Indian parents take a great interest in it and see that their children attend regularly. In winter-time the homes are quite near the school, the farthest being perhaps a mile away, but in summer they are from 3 to 4 miles away. Notwithstanding this, the attendance is just as good, as the parents have an arrangement among themselves to furnish a team and wagon, and all are collected and driven to school by one of the larger boys. A neat little frame detached building was built last year to replace the old log lean-to that was formerly used as a class-room. This school has been refurnished with modern desks, replacing the old wooden ones, which adds greatly to the appear- ance and comfort of the place. I found the children well up in their studies, particularly in arithmetic, in which I believe they would compare favourably with white children in the same grades. The children were neat and clean; soap and water are freely used and each girl dons a clean pinafore after entering the class-room in the morning. The children were graded in their classes as follows : — Standard 1 5 pupils. « II 4 " " III 4 " " IV 4 " 17 " Mrs. Smythe, the teacher, had each child look after an individual garden plot and in the fall gave a prize for the best kept garden. The school is under the auspices of the Church of England. FISHING LAKE DAY SCHOOL. I visited the school in October. It is situated on Fishing Lake reserve, in the Touchwood Hills agency. The school is a neat log structure, recently completed. At the time of my inspection there were only five children in attendance — four boys and one girl. The children were very backward and this is partly due to the in- difference of the parents in not sending them more regularly. muscowequan's boarding school. This school, situated near Muscowequan's reserve, Touchwood Hills agency, is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, and under the principalship of the llev. Father Thibaudeau, who has for his assistants a lay brother and five sisters. The school is doing good work in the class-room. The teacher. Sister Riarton, is well qualified, and the results of her efEorts are plainly shown. The children were very clean and comfortably clad, and I am told there has been very little sickness in the institution. There is a well-managed farm in connection with the school, and last year there were about 100 acres under crop. The oats and barley was a fair crop, but the wheat was almost a total failure owing to frost. At the time of my inspection there were 36 children attending the school. The boys are taught all branches of farm work and the girls receive a good train- ing in general housework, sewing, knitting, &c. The building is in need of a general overhauling, and I understand it is the inten- tion of the church authorities to do this in the near future, as well as build a large addition to accommodate the girls. i REPORTS OX liOARDIXG AXD INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 361 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Gordon's boarding school. This school is situated on Gordon's reserve, in the Touchwood Hills agency, and is under the auspices of the Church of England. Since my last report there has been a complete change of staff. Mr. and Mrs. Williams, who were formerly in charge of the school, have again assumed the manage- ment of it. I found the school in the very best of order from basement to garret. At the time of my inspection there were 14 boys and 16 girls in the institution. The children looked neat and tidy and were comfortably clad. The discipline in this school could not be improved on, but I think the time has arrived when a teacher should be employed to look after the class-room. Mr. Williams has quite enough to do in attending to the numerous other matters in connection with the school. This school has one of the best gardens in the country in connection with it, and at the time of my visit I found a root-house well filled with potatoes, carrots, onions, turnips, &c. This school is doing good work. KEESEEKOUSE (ST. PHILIP's) BOARDIXG SCHOOL. This school is situated near the east boundary of Keeseekouse reserve, in the Pelly agency. It is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, and under the principalship of the Eev. Father Decorby, who has for his assistants a lay teacher and four sisters. At the time of my inspection there were 28 children in the institution, 12 boys and 16 girls. There is room for improvement in the class-room work here, and the principal realizes this, and an effort is being made to improve matters. I found the children clean and tidy, and they looked as if they were well eared for. The building is a log structure, two storeys high. The interior is badly in need of paint and whitewash. The principal told me that he was going to have some reno- vating done at once. There is a small farm in connection with the school and much of the work is done by the boys. The girls receive a training in general housework. There was very little sickness in the school during the year. CROWSTAND BO.-iRDDIG SCHOOL. This institution is situated just off the south boundary of Cote reserve, in the Pelly agency. It is under the auspices of the Presbyterian Church, and has the following staff: Eev. W. McWhinney, principal; Miss Gilmour, matron; Miss McLaren, teacher; Miss Dunbar, assistant matron ; Miss Cote, seamstress. At the time of my inspection there were 48 children in the institution. I found the building thoroughly clean throughout. I heard the children go through their class-room exercises and they seemed to be well advanced. Miss McLaren is a qualified teacher and is a hard worker. The farm here paid well last year. The wheat averaged 30 bushels to the acre, or in other words 920 bushels off 30 acres. This crop was sold and brought the school 78 cents per bushel. It has been the aim of the principal to have an up-to-date farm and he has one. I found the buildings throughout in a fair state of repair. Since my last report a special hospital building was completed, which will be very useful. 362 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 The general health of the children, I am told, has been remarkably good during the year. FILE HILLS BOARDING SCHOOL. Since I last reported on this school there has been a complete change of staff. Miss Gillespie, who was principal for so many years, has been succeeded by Miss Cunningham, with the following staff: Miss K. Eastman, teacher; Miss McKenzie, matron; Miss Eoss, cook; Mr. J. Gibson, farm instructor. I inspected this school in March, 1909, and found everything in connection with it in good order. Miss Cunningham is very energetic and I have no doubt will make a success of her new work. She is ably assisted in her work by Miss McKenzie and Miss Eastman. I was greatly pleased with the work in the class-room. The children are particu- larly bright and are making good progress. The boys receive a good all round training in farm work, which fits them well for the life they are to follow after leaving school. The girls are also well trained in all branches of housework and sewing. This institution has a farm in connection with it, which is well managed, but like all farms in this district, suffered severely from frost last year. The main building, in which the living quarters are situated, is in bad repair. The floors throughout the building require renewing and the walls replastering. At the time of my inspection there were 28 pupils enrolled — 10 boys and 18 girls. They were healthy and well fed and clothed. All of which is respectfully submitted. I have, &c., W. M. GRAHAM, Inspector of Indian Agencies. Province of Alberta, Blood C. E. (St. Paul's) Boarding School, Fort Macleod, May 10, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian x\ffairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to present the following report of the Blood Church of England boarding school. Location. — This school is situated some 14 miles southeast of Macleod, which is our mailing office. The school is opposite the agency headquarters, and is separated from it by the Belly river. Our property is not on the reserve, and is owned by the Church Missionary Society, London, England. Land. — The land, which is prettily situated and well watered, comprises an area of 160 acres. Its natural features are very pronounced. On the north and east it is bounded by the Belly river; on the south and west it is surrounded by trees. The soil is a light loam and well suited for gardening and farming. Buildings. — The buildings present a pleasing appearance. They are built around a square. At the northwest corner of its western side is the girls' home, a commodious building, affording accommodation for 30 girls. Immediately south stands the school chapel, a very neat structure, well lighted and ventilated. At the end of the west side 1 REPORTS O.V BOJURDINO AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 363 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 is the horse-stable, with harness-room, granary and coach-house under the one roof. On the south side and at the west corner is the coal-house and carpenter-shop. To the right is the general storehouse, and then the boys' home, which is a similar building to the girls, but far less pretentious. At the east side and at the south end corner is the meat-house, while some 50 yards to the north is the hospital ; this is a well-planned building containing two large wards, dispensary, bath-room, kitchen and back kitchen on the ground floor, and three good rooms upstairs. The rectory stands on the north side of the square, and although not as well planned as it might have been, is never- theless roomy and comfortable. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 60 pupils and a staff of 9. Attendance. — The attendance has been very regular. The number on the roll is 43. Class-room Work. — The work done in the class-room is very gratifying. Farm and Garden. — Last year we had 30 acres sown to oats, 6 acres sown to pota- toes, 2 acres sown to sugar beets, and 3 acres for a general garden. Unfortunately a flood came in June and we lost everything. I estimate the loss at hundreds of dollars, which has been most keenly felt by us. I have now 5,000 trees under cultivation. Industries Taught. — The boys learn farming and gardening ; the girls are instructed in housekeeping, cooking, butter-making, dressmaking, darning and fancy ■work. Moral and Eeligious Training. — The pupils receive definite church teaching. Matins and evensong are said daily. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the school has suffered somewhat from the effects of the flood. Our buildings were inundated and consequently we have had damp, cold buildings. Many a day during the past winter we were unable to heat our house properly, and the loss of vegetables has been distinctly felt. Measles broke out among our younger children, but we were fortunate in having our hospital where they were quarantined. Everything is done from a sanitary standpoint. Pits are regularly disinfected and no refuse allowed to lie above the ground. Water Supply. — We have four excellent wells. Fire Protection. — We are better supplied with fire-appliances than we were a year ago, having received hand-grenades and fire-pails from the department. The exits from the .several buildings are sufficient to ensure perfect safety to life. Heating and Lighting. — The buildings are heated by hot-air furnaces and stoves, and lighted with coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — Sports are encouraged. Physical drills are held regularly. Last Easter I financed the funds for a fife and drum band, which has more than fulfilled my expectations. I have 25 boys and girls in it, and membership depends upon good behaviour. It is needless to say that a keen interest is taken by all. It may be of interest to state that the pupils play by note and not by ear. General Remarks. — Our land was greatly damaged by the flood, and many improvements made destroyed. We have, however, made good use of our time and carried out the improvements planned last year. I have, &c., GERVASE EDWARD GALE, Principal. 364 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRH i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Province op Alberta, Blood E.C. Boarding School, Blood Reserve, Upper Agency, Stand-off, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated about 20 miles south of Macleod, one mile from the upper agency, within a few yards of the Belly river, on the Blood reserve. Land. — The land connected with the school belongs to the reserve buildings. The buildings are as follows : the main building, 36 x 36 feet, 3 storeys high, the said building being divided into an office, parlour, refectory, class-room, working- room, 2 recreation-rooms, on the ground floor; boys' and girls' dormitories, the chajtel and private apartments for the staff, on the second floor. There is also situated behind the main biulding and adjacent to it a 3-storey building, 20 x 20 feet, comprising kitchen and pantries, and 2 large rooms used by the sisters as wardrobe and work-rooms. The other buildings are: a laundry, 18x14 feet, a storehouse and a stable. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 50 pupils and a staff of eight. Attendance. — There are 50 pupils on the roll, 25 boys and 25 girls. Class-room Work. — The programme of studies prescribed by the department is followed as closely as possible. The progress is all that could be desired. Farm and Garden. — There is no farming done at the school. About three acres were cultivated last year for gardening purposes. But, owing to the very heavy rains which we had last spring, the crop was under three feet of water for several days, and, on account of this, was entirely lost. Industries Taught. — Gardening, stable work, milking, baking, grazing and sawing wood for the kitchen are the occupations of the boys. The girls are trained in all the branches of housework, baking, cooking, laundrying, sewing, knitting, dress- making, &c. All the children's clothing is made in the school. Moral and Religious Training. — Religious instruction is given almost every day, and all the children attend very regiilarly at all the church services. Health and Sanitation. — Three girls were discharged on account of tuberculosis. In December the school children were quarantined on account of measles. The recovery of the children that were sick is now as perfect as it could be desired. We must state, though, that the sanitary conditions are looked after very carefully. Fire Protection. — Five fire-extinguishers, four hand-grenades, five fire-pails and four axes are distributed throughout the buildings. The instructions in regard to the fire-drill have been carried out. Heating and Lighting. — The school is heated with two hot-air furnaces. At present the heating of the house is somewhat imperfect owing to the bad condition of the furnaces. They have been under water tiwice, once during the year 1901, and again last year. Light is supplied by means of coal-oil lamps. Water. — The water is supplied from a well near by. Recreation. — Recreation is taken three times a day after each meal. The boys and girls have each their own playgrounds and are always under the supervision of an attendant. I have, &c., J. M. SALAHN, Priest, Principal. 1 REPORTS O.V BOARDIXG AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 365 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Province of Alberta, Blue Quill's Boarding School, Sacred Heart P.O., March 31, 1909. Fr.vsk Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of this school for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated on Blue Quill's reserve, about six miles south- west of Saddle lake, on the Edmonton road, about one mile north of the Saskatche- wan river. Buildings. — The school is a frame building, 90x30 feet, 2A storeys high. The former dimensions of the school were CO x 30 feet, but thanks to the kind assistance of the department, we were able, during the year, to erect an addition to the east end of the school, which comprises three flats, 30 x 30 feet. It is occupied as follows : first floor, the girls' play-room; second floor: junior pupils' class-room; third floor, girls' dormitory. Attendance. — The attendance is regular, owing to the fact that the pupils are all boarders at the institute. Class-room Work. — The course of studies authorized by the department for Indian schools is successfully followed. Garden. — The six acres under cultivation for garden purposes yield a sufiieient supply of assorted vegetables. Industries Taught. — The boys are kept occupied according to their age. They prepare the fuel, bake their own bread, and help in caring for the cattle. The girls strive to acquire proficiency in household duties. Moral and Religious Training. — Special attention is given to this very important branch of Christian education. Health and Sanitation. — This has been an exceptionally healthy year for the pupils, there being no sickness whatever, except a few cases of quinsy. Water Supply. — The large well in which was placed the new horse-power sweep pump having failed to give a sufficient supply of water, we were obliged to dig another, which, to all api)earanees, is going to answer the purpose. Fire Protection. — A fire-escape stairs has been made, leading from the top storey to the ground. Four chemical fire-extinguishers, ladders and pails are kept in readiness. Heating and Lighting. — The building is heated by wood stoves, and kerosene lamps are used for lighting purposes. Recreation. — An hour's recreation is given after each meal. The girls greatly enjoy their mandolin orchestra. The boys are starting a brass band. I have, &c., L. BALTER, Principal. 366 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIKfi I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Province of Alberta, Crowfoot Boarding School, Blackfoot Agexcy, Cluny, April 1, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — This school is situated 2i miles from Cluny post ofBce, near the Bow river. Land. — There are about 25 acres under cultivation, for the use of the school. It is government land, being a part of the Indian reserve, and is fenced in with permis- sion of the department and the consent of the Indians. Buildings. — The main building, 36 x 36 feet, is three storeys high, the third storey of which is not yet completed. There are two wings to the main building, two storeys high, 36 x 32 feet. Behind the main building and adjacent to it, is a two-storey building 50 x 20 feet. The buildings are divided into an office, reception-room, refectory, kitchen, pan- try, milk-house, storehouse, laundry, school-room, sewing and recreation-rooms on the ground floor; while upstairs are the dormitories, chapel, dining-room for the staff, and two rooms used for hospital purposes, in case of any contagious disease. The outbuilding are two stables, an implement-shed and a root-house. A weU-kept picket-fence surrounds the main building, and there is an ordinary wire fence around the garden, pasture and field. Accommodation. — Under present arrangements, there is accommodation for 60 pupils and a staff of eight. Att€ndance. — There are 44 children on the roll, 27 boys and 17 girls, 14 of whom are maintained at our charge, being in excess of the number provided for by the gov- ernment. Class-room Work. — The programme of studies prescribed by the department is followed as closely as possible. The progress is very good, and encouraging. The.-gradiug of the pupils is as follows: — Standard 1 16 pupils. II 9 " " III 4 " « JV 13 " « V 3 " Farm and Garden. — About 25 acres are under crop, 10 in oats, 10 in potatoes and 5 in garden. The larger boys do the ploughing, as well as the mowing when the hay season comes. Industries Taught. — Farming and gardening, baking and dairy work, the care of horses and cattle, are taught the boys. The girls are instructed in dressmaking, knitting, cooking and general housework. Moral and Religious Training. — Of course, great care and special attention is given to this most important part of education. Religious instruction is given to the pupils by the priest and the teacher each day, and it is encouraging to see the great efforts the children make in order to put into practice the lessons they are taught. i REPORTS Oy BOARDING AKD INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 367 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Health and Sanitation. — The genera] health has been very good, no deaths have occurred during the year. The sanitary conditions are looked after carefully and everything is kept clean around the house and the outbuildings. Water Supply .^Our water-supply is drawn from a well close by. Fire Protection. — Fire-extinguishers, hand-grenades, fire-pails and fire-axes are distributed throughout the halls and rooms. Heating and Lighting. — The school is heated partly with stoves, partly with one hot-air furnace, and light is supplied by coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — Football, shooting with bows and arrows, fishing, swinging and skating are the favourite pastimes of the boys; the girls amuse themselves in play- ing ball and croqiiet, skipping, &c. I have, &c., J. L. LeVERN, O.M.I., Pnncipal. Province of Alberta, Ermixeskik^s Boarding School, HoBBEMA, April 5, 1009. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Siipt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The schocil is situated on the Ermineskin's reserve, a mile from the station of Hobbema. There is a post office. Land. — About 40 acres of land are in use for the wants of the mission, five of which are taken up for the garden, five for the yards, and the remainder for pas- turage. Buildings. — The main building, 45x50 feet, has a school-room and refectory (>n the first floor; boys' dormitory, sewing-room and infirmary on the second floor; and girls' dormitory on the third floor. The kitchen and ehai)el comprise another building, 25x20 feet; this joins the main building to the sisters' building, which is 30 X 24 feet. A laundry, 40 x 24 feet, is situated a few yards from the house, and contains a lavatory, store-room, ice-house and three baths, on the first floor, while on the second floor there is a room for drying and ironing clothes, and a room used in case of contagious disease. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 75 children and 10 sisters. Attendance. — The attendance was 56. Class-room Work. — This year has been to them one of application, and we are happy to state that they have made marked progress in all the branches of the pro- gramme given by the department. Farm and Garden. — Our garden has yielded 275 bushels of potatoes, 300 head of cabbages, 17 bushels of carrots, 7 bushels of onions, and a good quantity of other vegetables. We have in close proximity a large convenient pasture for the animals. Industries Taught. — The boys sfjcnd each day a few hours in farming, and the girls are trained in all the branches of domestic work — sewing, knitting, &c. Moral and Religious Training. — Religious instruction is regularly imparted to the pupils, to which they pay great att^ention. We are well satisfied with their behaviour. 368 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Health and Sanitation. — The children enjoyed very good health during the year. Good ventilation and outdoor exercise are our means of sanitation. Water Supply. — We are much favoured by the department, which provided our school with a good artesian well, a pump and a tread-power, by means of which we obtain water for the institution, the laundry and the stable. Fire Protection. — Two fire-escapes, 12 dry dust extinguishers, 1 hose, 6 pails and 3 fire-axes are our means of protection against fire. Heating and Lighting. — Our rooms are lighted by lamps and heated by wood stoves. Eecreation. — Baseball, football, skating and coasting are taken up repeatedly, but they always seem new to the boys. General Remarks. — During the course of the year the children have given four entertainments, which consisted in drills and singing; they have also given several concerts. They have been asked to play in bazaars, and to give concerts in the neighbouring towns many times. Their talent is greatly appreciated. I have, &c., E. L. DAUPHIN, O.M.I., Principal. Pkovus'ce of Alberta, Fort Chipewyan (Holy Angels) Boarding School, Fort Chipewyan, vl^ Athabaska Landing, March 7, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I take this opportunity of mailing my report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909, trusting that you will not disapprove of my sending it three weeks before the end of the fiscal year. Our mail system obliges me to take advantage of this packet, the last before open water, which will leave here in a few days. Location. — The Holy Angels boarding school is built on the north shore of Atha- baska lake. The view is good and location healthy. There are no reserves throughout this unorganized territory, neither is there a post office. Land. — Our farm-land does not extend over 15 acres. The soil is hilly and barren and not much adapted for cultivation. The farm produce consists chiefly of a good crop of potatoe-s. A small garden fenced off from the potato field yields turnips, carrots, onions and cabbage. Though scanty, these products prove to be a substantial help. Buildings. — Our school, the largest and apparently the most imposing, building in this remote part of the country, consists of the main building and two wings, which ■were added successively as the increasing number of pupils required more space. The boys' and girls' apartments, completely separated, consist of a dormitory, recreation- room, refectory and infirmary. The attic in the main building was opened up and raised 12 feet, thus giving sufficient room to make a neat little chapel, which proves to be very attractive to the Indians and half-breeds, as well as to our white neighbours. The second floor is par- titioned off into five rooms, for the exclusive use of the staff. On the ground floor are parlours and rooms for invalid old women, two of whom were taken in during the year; also, a dispensary, where medicine is given free year in and year out to everybody. i REPORTS OX BOARDING A\D INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 369 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Kithout distinction of colour or creed. We have a good-sized kitchen with adjoining 1-antries, two good cellars and a wash-house. Accommodation. — There is ample accommodation for 60 pupils and 13 members cf the staff. Attendance. — As the children are all in residence the attendance is regular. Class-room Work. — The subjects taught are reading, writing, grammar, composi- tion, geography, and history. Vocal music, calisthenics, gymnastic exercises with wands and dumb-bells are given to the children, who take great interest in them. A competent teacher drills the boys. The military exercises with guns, which they are so proud to ijerform, make embryo soldiers of our little Indians. With the exception of two, all our older pupils have been discharged during the past two years. The othei's are beginnei-s, and the majority being under 10 years of age, progress is slow, yet quite satisfactory, when one considers the little chance these poor children have of being seconded in their studies by their surroundings. Nature aifords them very little matter of observation, friends and relatives are of hardly any, help, not to say, no help at all. The languages spoken at home are Chipewyan, Cree a!id French. Wlien the children come to us, the English language is an altogether mysterious idiom to them, and as most of them understand French they are always more inclined to speak it. Nevertheless, with time and patience this great difficulty is overcome, and what seemed most impracticable during the first year, English conversa- tion, becomes a pleasant pastime afterwards. In the class-room great stress is given to practical language lessons in order to stimulate the children and thus secure continu- ation and progress in this work. Medals and badges are awarded every month for pro- ficiency, merit is also rewarded by little presents, which are always gratefully accepted. Generally speaking, our children are contented and happy in this their neiw home, cheerfully performing their daily duties. Exciting events rarely disturb them. One, however, occurred last June, it was the very much appreciated visit, the first ever made, of a school inspector. Although his arrival was altogether unespeeted, Mr. Inspector Martin received a hearty welcome and was immediately introduced to our pupils, who had just entered the class-room for the afternoon's work. After a few moment's hesitation, and I must say, a few inquisitive glances at the gentleman's kind face, our little ones felt sure that they were in the presence of a sympathetic friend, and they were not mistaken, for after allowing them to go through the programme, he kindly questioned them himself, then last, but not least, he filled their hearts with joy by expressing his satisfaction with what he had heard and seen. Needless to say that he received a warm 'Thanks,' and the farewell was a 'Come again.' Industries Taught. — The boys do the chores and some are taught a little carpentry and shoemaking. The girls have daily lessons on household duties. The older ones who, as I have already said, are at the beginning of their teens, are able to run the sewing-machine. They cut out and make up their own clothes, and arc learning just now to tailor men's suits. The smaller girls are taught to sew by hand; they are very fond off darning and knitting. Moral and Eeligious Training. — Great care is taken in this part of the pupils' education. A half hour of religious instruction, given daily, teaches them their duties towards God and man. Health and Sanitation. — This year has been very unhealthy, owing, I suppose, to an exceptionally hot summer, which was followed by a very disagreeable autumnal season, a prelude to the extra cold weather we have had all this winter. Sickness in the form o'f a malignant 'grippe,' also a few cases of meningitis, has visited every house in the neighbourhood. Over 50 deaths have occurred since last June; 11 of these, 9 adults and 2 children, were recorded since the munih of January. Full of gratitude towards the divine providence of God, who has watched over 27— i— 24 370 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 our school, I am happy to state that all our children are in good health, although they, too, paid their tribute to the sickness already mentioned. With the exception of one little boy, who died of meningitis, all the others promptly recovered, and are at present full of blitheful life. Water Supply. — The lake water is used for laundry purposes. A well, 35 feet deep, supplies us with good drinking water. Fire Protection. — A force pump and hose, ladders, axes, buckets and three fire-escapes are the fire-appliances on hand. Heating and Lighting. — A hot-air furnace and seven wood stoves are used to heat the house. Coal oil is used for lighting. Recreation. — The boys and girls have each their own playground, where they amuse themselves with balls, swings and other such games. The boys' chief sports are: football, in summer, skating, hunting and trapping in winter, while the girls find great enjoyment in coasting. In fair weather they take a long walk every morn- ing before school and, as often as possible, after their evening meal. General Remarks. — The amount contributed by the government under per capita grant is for 40 pupils at $72. I have, &c., Sr. M. McDOUGALL, Principal. Province of Alberta, Lesser Slave Lake (St. Bernard's) R. C. Boarding School, Lesser Slave Lake, May 3, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir,- — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — St. Bernard's R. C. boarding school is situated on the northeastern bank of Lesser Slave lake, on a beautiful hill which slopes towards the lake and com- mands a view of the surrounding country. Buildings. — There are three buildings. The main structure is 72 x 28 feet, three storeys high ; the boys' house is 60 x 25 feet, two storeys high ; the third build- ing, which has been set apart for a school-house, is 30 x 24 feet. We also have a small laundry, a dairy and a warehouse. Accommodation. — The buildings are large enough to provide good accommodation for 60 children ;nd the staff necessary to carry on the work. Attendance.- — The attendance was very regular, as all the pupils are boarders. ClaSS-room Work. — The school hours are faithfully observed. The year has been one of application by the pupils, although young, they have improved wonderfully in all the branches prescribed by the department. Farm and Garden.— Last year we had 1.400 bushels of potatoes and an abundant supply of vegetables, comprising turnips, carrots, beets, onions, cabbages, rhubarb, lettuce, &c. Industries Taught. — Our children have special hours each day for manual work. The girls are taught plain sewing, sewing-machine, mending and knitting. The boys do the work around the house. i REPORTS Oy BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 371 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ^foral and Eeligious Training. — Instruction in the Roman Catholic faith is imparted to the pupils; morning and evening prayers are said and half an hour each day is devoted to religious instruction. The character of each child is cultivated with care. Iloalth a-'l Sanitation. — The health of the children has been good; they have as mufli outdoor exercise as is practicable. The dormitories and class-rooms are kept well ventilated. Water Supply. — Our water-supply is taken from wells and a small river. Fire Protection. — As fire-protection, we have outside stairs, ladders and bucketa. Heating "nd Lighting. — The heating apparatus is a hot-air furnace, besides sev- eral stoves. Coal oil is used for lighting. Recreation. — This consists of games, calisthenic exercises, walking, playing, &c We endeavour to make the children as happy as possible. Trusting this report will be satisfactory, I have, &c., C. FALHER, O.M.I., Principal. Province of Alberta, St. John's Homes, Blackfoot Reserve, Gleichen, April 24, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith a report of the St. John's Homes (the Old Sun's and White Eagle's boarding schools), on this reserve. Location. — The homes are situated, the one at the north camp, and the other at the south camp, about 10 miles apart, and within a few yards of the Bow river in each case. That at the south camp still stands closed, pending the promised new build- ing at the north camp, in view of the amalgamation of the two schools. Buildings and Accommodation. — The Old Sun's boarding school comprises the boarding school proper, the school-house and two outbuildings. The handsome White Eagle's building was to have been removed to the north camp, but nothing has as yet been done. Attendance. — The number of children on the school roll on the 31st ultimo, was 15 boys and 15 girls. The medical officer has not passed any children into our school for two years past. Class-room Work. — The children continue to make steady progress, but a class- book or reader is needed more adapted to the needs of their future lives. Industrial Work. — About 3 acres of land are under cultivation and are carefuUy worked by the boys, under the instructor's supervision. The yield has been more than sufficient for the needs of the institution. The ordinary farm work and the outside chores arc done by the boys. The girls are instructed in all the familiar duties of the household. Some of them are excellent cooks and clever with their needle. Moral and Religious Training. — This, as the principal branch of our work, haa received every care and attention, and we trust and believe their bright and happy lives are assimilating the truths imparted. Health and Sanitation. — The utmost care has been taken to provide for this in every way we can. 27— i— 24i 372 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAy AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Water Supply. — Thoug-h the .supply is abundant, it is not of good quality. Fire Protection. — A number of fire-extinguishers and hand-grenades are con- veniently placed throughout the building, and buckets and tubs of water are kept where they can be easily got at in time of need. Axes also are kept ready for use. Fire-escapes outside the buildings are permanently connected with the dormitor- ies and are easy of access. Heating. — The boarding school and school-house are heated by stoves only ; asbes- tos safes are used. Eecreation. — A considerable portion of their time is spent in various amusements in the open air, under supervision. I have, &c., H. W. GIBBON STOCKED, Principal. Province of Alberta, Peigan C. E. Boarding School, Peigan Eeserve, Brocket P.O., March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Aifairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit my report on the above institution for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated on the banks of Pincher creek, on the north- east quarter of section 12, township 7, range 29, west of the fourth meridian and two miles from Brocket and the Peigan agency. Land. — The school owns 40 acres of land, being legal subdivision 9 of the section above mentioned, and is purchasing the remainder of 120 acres. Buildings. — The buildings consist of a boarding school proper, a laundry, stable, workshop and other necessary buildings. The boarding school proper is 78 x 32 feet over all. It is built of wood on a stone foundation, and is lathed and plastered through- cut. It contains kitchen, dining-room, play-rooms, dormitories and bath-rooms for the children, also rooms for the staff, as well as store-rooms. Accommodation. — The school has accommodation for 40 pupils, viz. : 24 boys and 16 girls; also for a staff of six persons. Attendance. — The attendance has been good. Class-room Work. — Good progress has been made in all branches of study. Farm and Garden. — Five acres were sown to fall wheat and two acres for gar- den, which gave excellent results. Two more acres are broken for a garden, and 10 acres are being broken for oats or wheat. Industries Taught. — The boys are taught farming, gardening and the care of stock; also breadmaking, and do the w-ork of their side of the school. The girls are taught sewing, mending, darning, knitting, washing, ironing, breadmaking, baking and general housework. Religious Instruction. — Religious instruction is given daily, and one service each Sunday is held in their own langruage. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has been good. We have had no serious sickness during the year. The building is well ventilated throughout, and everywhere kept clean and free from rubbish. i REPORTS OX BOARDIXG AXD INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 873 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Water Supply. — All water is taken from a drivewell, situated in the kitchen^ from which we obtain a supply of good water. Fire Protection. — There are 12 fire tubes distributed throughout the building; Heating and Lighting. — The building is heat«d by two large Pease furnaces, which have been in use for 11 years, and give every satisfaction. The building is lighted with ordinary coal oil lamps. Recreation. — The boys play football and other manly games, while the girls enjoy the quieter games suitable to them. General Remarks. — The general work of the institution has been done mostly by the pupils. Three pupils were discharged during the year, and 10 admitted. I have, &c., w. R. hay:nes, Principal. Province of Alberta, Peiga^- (Sacred Heart) R. C. Bo.\rdixg School, Peigax Agency, Brocket, April 10, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I beg to submit the following report of the Peigan (Sacred Heart) board- ing school for the last fiscal year, ended March 31, 1909. Location. — This school is situated on fine elevated ground on the north side of the Oldman's river, a very healthy location in the centre of the Peigan reserve, in close proximity to the old agency buildings. The post office address of this school is Sacred Heart boarding school, Brocket, Alta. Land. — The land on which this school is built belongs to the reserve. About half an acre is fenced ofF for a vegetable garden, in which we raise a fair crop, if the season is not too dry. About 50 acres are fenced for a pasture. Buildings. — The school building consists of a large house, 102 x 26 feet, with an addition on the north side for a kitchen, 19 x 16 feet, and a pantry, 17 x 14 feet. The centre building is 30 x 30 feet square, two storeys high ; the attic is unfinished and unoccupied. On the first storey are the refectories for the staff, the sewing-room and the par- lour, a corridor leads from the front door to the kitchen. On the second storey is the room for the staff and a chapel of good size. On the west side there is, on the first floor, the class-room and the recreation-room for the boys; on the second floor the dormitory for boys, 34 x 26 feet. On the west side, on the first floor, is situated the refectory for the pupils, and the recreation-room for the girls; on the second floor is the girls' dorHiitory. We have a small outbuilding, 18 x 17 feet, used as a stable and chicken-house. Close to the kitchen is the laundry -house, 30 x 20 feet ; on the first floor of which is the wash-room, 20x20 feet, and the coal-room, 20x10 feetp in the upper storey is the drying-room. We have also a stable, 28 x 20 feet. Accommodation. — The building affords accommodation for 40 pupils and the staff. Attendance. — The pupils of this institution are fill boarders; therefore the pttendance is regular. During the fiscal year 1908-9, we had 37 pupils in attendance. One girl. No. 024, was transferred to the Dunbow school. We recnntod three new pupils, one girl and two boys. 374 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Class-room Work. — We follow the programme of the department. The progress is generally fair and encouraging. The best pupil, a boy, 'No. 8, is now in standard V. Farm and Garden. — We have not a regular farm, but we have a garden, in which at special hours the pupils work. Industries Taught. — Our pupils have special hours each day for manual work. The boys work in the garden, keep clean their rooms and dormitory, scrub the floors, help in the laundry-house and do the chores. The girls are kept busy at general housekeeping, help in the kitchen, knit, sew, mend and wash their clothes. The older girls cut and make their own dresses. Moral and Religious Training. — Special attention is given to instruction of the pupils in moral and religious truths; prayers, Bible history and catechism are taught half an hour each day by the reverend principal. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has been generally good, except a few cases of scrofula. A boy. No. 22, who has been with his family for some time, seems to be better now, and another, No. 23, has been at the Blood reserve hospi- tal for the last few months. Water Supply.- — We have a good well, a few feet from the kitchen, with suffi- cient water for the needs of the school. Fire Protection. — We have three fire-a.xes and buckets of water are kept at con- venient places; also several fire-extinguishers, distributed throughout the building. Heating and Lighting. — We use common coal stoves for heating purposes. Proper care is taken against any danger from fire. Coal-oil lamps are used for light- ing purposes. Recreation. — We have two recreation-rooms, large and well ventilated ; the larger for the boys, the other for the girls. We have a fence around the school buildings, inclosing two yards for the pupils. Besides, there is around the buildings a good piece of prairie, where they can play in good weather, under the supervision of some of the staff, and where the boys take a special delight in playing football or some other game. I have, &c., L. DOUCET, O.M.I., Principal. Province of Alberta, Sarcee Boarding School, Calgary, June 11, 1909. Frank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. SjRj — I have the honour to submit a report of the Sarcee boarding school for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated on the southeast corner of the Sarcee reserve, near the agency buildings. Land. — About 10 acres are occupied for school purposes, including garden and email pasture. Buildings. — The school consists of two wings for boys and girls respectively. They are connected with each other by a commodious dining-room and kitchen. 1 REPORTS OX BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 375 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 20 boys and 10 girls, and for a staff of three. Attendance. — Eighteen pupils have been in attendance during the year. Two girls were discharged and married from the school in the early part of the year. Four boys and one girl were admitted provisionally during the year. Class-room Work. — This has been carried on as usual, the standing of the pupils at the close of the fiscal year b€ing as follows: — Standard 1 9 pupils. II i " " III 1 " " rv 2 " Total 16 " Moral and Eeligious Training. — Evei-y effort is made to inculcate religion and morality. The children attend prayers daily with Bible reading and instruction. The Lord's Prayer, Ten Commandments and church catechism are taught, and various portions of the Holy Scriptures are committed to memory by the pupils. Farm and Garden. — No attempt has been made to do farming, the pupils all being transferred to the Calgary industrial school, whilst that institution was avail- able. A fairly large garden is kept up, which yields a good supply of vegetables. Health and Sanitation. — One pupil developed tubercular trouble, and was allowed out on sick leave at the beginning of the year. Water Supply. — This is obtained from a good well and pumped into the house. Fire Protection. — Barrels, buckets and dry-dust fire-extinguishers are kept on hand at convenient places. Heating and Lighting. — Coal and wood stoves are in use, and lighting is pro- vided for by coal-oil lamps. General Eemark.~. — The staff continue as in years past, and do valuable work. The ex-pupils, speaking generally, are doing well. The older girls, now married and bringing up young families, delight to spend a day occasionally at the school, and are in touch with the workers continually. I have, &c., J. W. TMS, Principah Province of Albert.i^ Sturgeon Lake Bo.\rding School, St. Francis Xavier's Mission, Sturgeon Lake, April 4, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my first yearly report of the Sturgeon Lake (St. Francis Xavier's) boarding school for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The St. Francis Xavier's boarding school is pleasantly situated on the banks of Sturgeon lake, in the centre of the Sturgeon lake reserve. The location is "7ery healthy, the mountains bordering the southern part of the lake and the beautiful -sunsets make scenery which both teachers and pupils enjoy. 376 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Land. — About 240 acres of land are in connection with the school ; of this, 30 acres yield a good crop of vegetables, while the rest is in pasture or woodland. Buildings. — The main building, a 3-storey structure, 40 x 27 feet, with a wing adjoining in the rear, 27 x 20 feet, two storeys, comprises : hall, parlour, dining-rooni.s, class-room, chapel, boys' and girls' dormitories, kitchen, store-room, and private apartments for the staff. It is well ventilated and comfortable. The outbuildings consist of a laundry, storehouse, barn and a stable. A new house is being constructed lor class-rooms and recreation-halls; also a iwing adjoining the kitchen, 24x18 feet. Accommodation. — The building accommodates five sisters and 35 children. Class-room Work. — The programme of studies is carefully followed. However, reading, English language, arithmetic and penmanship are given special attention, this being deemed very important. The children love their class-room work and are eager to learn. Attendance.^ — All the children being kept in the house, the attendance has been perfectly regular. Moral and Keligious Training. — Daily religious exercises and the teaching of the Roman Catholic doctrine are given to the children with the utmost care. No pains are spared to refine their character, elevate their sentiments and make of them good Christians. Industries Taught. — The boys prepare wood for fuel, and sometimes help to carry in the water, and keep their playgrounds in perfect order. The heaviest part of the housework is now and then done by the boys, such as scrubbing, &c. The girls are taught general housework, knitting, mending, laundry work, sew- ing, and help in the kitchen. Health and Sanitation. — The pupils' health has been very good throughout the year. No deaths occurred, and we had no case of severe illness. Water Supply. — Plenty of pure, drinkable water is supplied from the lake near-by. Fire Protection. — Fire-pails and ladders are kept in readiness, and we .shall soon proceed to build outside stairs and other accommodation. Heating and Lighting. — Ordinary wood stoves are used for the purpose of heat- ing. The lighting is done by means of coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — The pupils take their recreation imder the supervision of their teachers. Outdoor exercises are highly encouraged. The boys enjoy a variety, of games, including baseball, football, racing, jumping, and shooting with bows and arrows. The girls take pleasure in dressing dolls, dancing and skipping; they also play with the same toys indoors as the boys, on alternate evenings. I have, &c., J. CALAIS, O.M.L Principal. Province of Alberta, St. Albert Bo.\kding School, St. Albert, April 4, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affa«-s, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The St. Albert boarding school is not on a reserve. It is beautifully situated at a distance of a quarter of a mile north of the Canadian Northern rail- i HEPORTS ON BOARDiyCr AND INDUSTRIAL i^CEOOLS 377 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ■way station, on an eminene* overlooking the town of St. Albert and the Sturgeon River valley. Land. — Some 335 acres of laud are attached to the school. The soil is of excel- lent quality, and from 200 acres, large crops, consisting of hay, vegetables and cereals are produced. The remaining 130 acres are in pasture or woodland. The farm is the property of the Sisters of Charity. It lies in township 54, range 25. Building-s. — The main building is a 4-storey frame structure, 180x35 feet, with brick foundation and is occupied by the girls and members of the staff. The sec- lion, 50 X 30 feet, in which the boys formerly took up their quarter.^, has been replaced by a 4-storey brick building. Six well equipped and commodious class-rooms are also situated in this section. These rooms, as well as all the others throughout this structure, are spacious and well ventilated. A new laundry has also been put in this building. A kitchen, 40 x 30 feet, joins these two buildings. The outbuildings con- sist of bakery, tarn, stables, hennery, implement-shed, repair shops and storehouses. Accommodation. — The present buildings have accommodation for 300 persons. Atendance. — There has been an average attendance of 65 Indian pupils during the year. Class-room Work. — The progress in the school-room throughout the year has been very satisfactory. The public school programme of studies for the province is followed as closely as circumstances will permit. Most of the pupils have musical talent. The boys have a disciplinetl and well trained brass band. Fourteen of the girls have been learning the mandolin since May, 1907, and can master the instru- ment quite well now. Musicals are frequently given by these pupils and their pro- ficiency noted. Farm and Garden. — Last year the yield of grain was as follows : wdieat, 850 bushels; oats, 3,254 bushels; barley, 2,326 bushels; potatoes, 1,440 bushels; vegetables, 390 bushels ; hay, 200 tons. The wheat especially was greatly damaged by frost. Industries Taught. — Both boys and girls have fixed hours for work, during which time they are trained in various trades and industries by competent teachers. The boys are thoroughly instructed in the diffei-ent branches of farming and gardening, dairy work and rough carpentry. The girls are instructed in the culinary depart- ment, dairy, laundry, dressmaking, carding, spinning, knitting, machine sewing, fancy work, plain needlework and general housework, in which many of them excel, as is proved when they leave school and have homes of their own to look after. Moral and Religious Training. — The p^ipiLs are thoroughly instructed in the principles of faith and religion. They are vigilantly trained to self-respect, truth- fulness, and all Christian virtues. It is a jjleasure to certify that good results are obtained. Punishments are of very rare occurrence. Health and Sanitation. — The general health of the pupils has been good. Scro- fula is the main ailment we have to contend with. The sanitary condition of the school is excellent. Water Supply. — Three wells furnish the institution with an abundant supply of excellent water. The water of two of these wells is pumped into tanks by a hot-air engine; the third is pumped by a hand pump. Fire Protection. — Water being distributed throughout the building affords a good defence. Easy access from every department to outside galleries and stairs ; fire-escapes, 500 feet of hose, 13 chemical fire-extinguishers, six grenades, four fire- axes and several ladders placed about the building, all kept in readiness in case of emergency, constitute our fire-protection. Heating an3 acres, as follows: the east half of section 22, township 21, range 28; half of the southwest quarter of section 26, township 21, range 28; 30 acres of section 15, township 21, range 28; and 633 acres of section 27, township 21, range 28, west of the 4:th meridian. The east half of section 26, township 20, range 27, and three-quarters of section 36, township 20, range 27, west of the 4th meridian are held as a hay reserve, and are situated about 12 miles southeast. All this land belongs to the government. The home farm comprises first-class bottom and bench land, and has very little waste. The hay reserve land is situated in a low-lying district, which is admirably suited for hay and grass. Buildings. — There are two main buildings, one for the boys and the other for the girls. The boys' building contains dormitories, class-rooms, lavatories, recreation halls, infirmary, office and rooms for the principal and the male members of the staff. The girls' building contains dormitories, class-room, sewing-room, chapel, kit- chen, refectory, infirmary, lavatories and rooms for the female members of the staff. To the west of the main buildings are situated the workshops, bakery and lumber sheds. On the east are the pump-house, laundry and hospital. In the rear of the girls' building are coal-sheds, store and hen-house, while further back are the farm buildings, wagon-sheds, implement-sheds, corrals, slaughter-house and piggery. The general lay-out of the buildings is good. During the year a new flour-store. 30 x 18 feet, was built, also an engine-house, 12 X 18 feet. A new floor was laid in the girls' recreation-room, and a new stairs 27— i— 25 386 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 leading to same was put in. About 500 feet of ceiling was put on in ditierent parts of the house, also 2,500 feet of ceiling was put on in the boys' dormitory. A cellar was dug under the girls' building, and a new stone foundation was pui under it also. Numerous other repairs were made to buildings, furniture and side- walks. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 125 pupils and the necessary staff. Attendance. — There was an attendance of 67 pupils. Class-room Work. — The half-day system is in vogue for the older pupils. Half of the day i.s spent in the school-room and the other half is spent at their trade. Regular school hours are observed. The school hours are 9 a.m. to 12 noon, and 1.30 to 4 p.m. The junior pupils attend school forenoon and afternoon. The authorized pro- gramme of studies is adhered to as closely as possible. I have much pleasure in adding that the progress of the pupils during the year has been v€ry satisfactory. Farm and Garden. — We had about 200 acres under cultivation, and had excellent returns. We had about 10,000 bushel.s of grain, 1,500 bushels of roots, and put up over 1,000 tons of hay. We grow all our own vegetables. Both boys and girls are taught gardening in all its forms, with the end in view that when they have homes of their own they can supply their own wants in that line, and be an example to the others less fortunate. Industries Taught. — Farrning. — This is the principal industry taught. We make it our aim to familiarize the pupil with farming and stock-raising in its different branches. The pupils, uuder the instruction of a capable farm instructor, do all the work ; and are thus able to gain a practical knowledge of the work. We also attach much importance to stock-raising. We teach the pupils the differ- ent breeds of animals; the qualities which make each breed desirable, and the care and attention which is necessary to keep good animals up to their standard. The boys take a remarkable interest in the work. We hadi the s,atisfaetioa at ^bha 'Pro- vincial Fat Stock Show in Calgary of taking first prize for a carload of beef cattle, first prize for a grade steer, and first prize for best dressed carcass of beef. This speaks well for the pupils, and was a good encouragement for them. All the boys and girls learn to milk. Carpentry. — The boys, imder the in.struction of the school carjwnter, did all the repairs and building during the year. N eedle-ivorh. — Under the direction of the reverend sisters the girls are taught sewing, dressmaking, knitting, machine-sewing, fancy and plain needle-work. Many of the girls excel in this work, and took several prizes for their work at the Dominion fair in Calgary. The girls also took first prize at the Dominion fair for best display of industrial school work. The girls make all their own clothes, and also the clothes for the boys. Houselceeping. — The girls are thoroughly instructed in the art of housekeeping and cooking, and the homes of the female ex-pupils give every testimony that they have profited much by their instruction. Moral and Religious Training. — The pupils are well grounded in the principles and doctrines of their religion, and are encouraged to regulate their daily lives by the lessons learned. Half an hour each day is devoted specially to religious instruc- tion. The pupils are well instructed in the principles of good citizenship, and are specially encouraged to be honest, sober, truthful and upright. The discipline is mild but firm. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils during the year has been good. We had no epidemics or outbreaks of contagious diseases. The sanitary condition of the school is good. The premises are kept neat and clean. i REPORTS O.V BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 387 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Water Supply. — An abundant supply of good water is obtained from the High river. The water is first filtered into a well and then pumped up into tanks in the main buildings. Fire Protection. — The buildings are well supplied with stairs and fire-escapes. There are two water tanks in the boys' building, and one in the girls' building, each with a capacity of 1,400 gallons. About 50 feet of hose on each flat is connected with these tanks. Besides this there are 18 fire-extinguishers, 48 hand-grenades, 40 fire- pails and 8 fire-axes. Heating and Lighting. — The two main buildings are heated by steam. Each 'building has its own plant. Both give excellent satisfaction. The buildings are lighted by acetylene gas. Recreation. — Hockey is the favourite game. Last winter the boys won the cham- pionship of their league. Football and baseball are also popular with the boys. The girls play basketball, skip, swing, coast, and take long walks when the weather is fine. Both boys and girls have large recreation-rooms, where in bad weather they spend their recreation in games, drills and chest exercises. I have, &c., J. EIOU, Principal. Province of Alberta, Alberta Inspectorate, Red Deer, April 22, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report on the inspection of Indian schools for the year ended March 31, 1909. CALGARY INDUSTRLiL SCHOOL. This institution was closed during the early part of January, 1908, and during the summer months all the house effects, tools, implements, stock, &c., were distributed to other schools, to hospitals and to Indians. ST. albert bo.\Rding school. This institution is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church and with the Rev. Sister Brassard as principal. This school is not strictly an Indian one. Over 200 pupils of various nationalities arc usually in attendance here. Sixty-seven pupils are classed as Indian, and for which $72 per annum wa.s paid for board, clothing and tuition. The classification of the 67 pupils referred to was: — Standard 1 23 pupils. II 28 " '• III 11 " " IV 5 " 27— i— 251 388 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Farming- operations had been carried on just as extensively as heretofore. The pupils are taught all manner of farming, gardening, housekeping, &c., agreeable to their age and sex. The building- throughout was spotlessly clean and the method.s of management so systematized that all the work was carried on quietly and fwithout confusion. A new four-storey brick addition was in eovirse of erection when I made the inspection during August last. The cost of this new addition would be little short of $40.noo. CROWFOOT BOARDING SCHOOL. This school, under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, is located on the Blackfoot reserve and operated under the per capita grant of $72 per annum. The Eev. Father LeVern is principal, and five reverend sisters directly manage the institution. When I inspected this school on October 22, there were 26 boys and 14 girls enrolled. The Eev. Sister Anthelm still holds the position of teacher in this school. The classification was: — Standard 1 16 pupils. II 5 " " III 7 " " IV 9 " " V 3 " Sister Anthelm holds a second-class certificate and has been a success in this school. The children exhibited proficiency in all branches of the work taken up. The dormitories were clean and well furnished. The health of the pupils had been very satisfactory. The eldest boys in attendance do gardening, care for the stock and do most of the choring, whilst the elder girls assist at the cooking, baking, knitting, sewing, mending, &c. OLD sun's BO.^RDIXO SCHOOL. This school is located on the Blackfoot reserve, and is under the auspices of the Church of England. The Eev. Canon Stocken holds the position of honourable principal of this institution, and there were five other.s on the staff when the inspection was made last October. There were then enrolled 15 boys and 14 girls, and the classification of these 29 children was : — Standard 1 8 pupils. II 6 " " III 10 " " IV 5 " This school was in a very unsettled state when I made the inspection. A few weeks before orders had been received to close the school and discharge the pupils. This order had been withdrawn, but not until the teacher had been discharged and had left. The Rev. Stanley J. Stocken, assistant principal, had undertaken this branch of the work. During the autumn of 1907 this school was closed for several weeks, and when it was re-opened the class-room building was set apart for a boys' dormi- tory and a small building, known as the memorial, was utilized for class work. This claps-room was entirely too small properly to carry on tuition work, and, moreover, very poorly furnished. i REPOKTS 0\ BOARDIXa AXD IXDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 389 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A miuibcr of iniijrovements had recently been made to ilie interior of llie Luiuc building, viz., the walls of the refectory had been papered and burlapped, the biirlap, the woodwork, and the floor had been nicely painted and every other room within this home building had either been whitewashed and painted or was then undergoing such renovation. Boys of advanced age assist at gardening, the care of stock, kc, and the girls are instructed along most of the lines of general housekeeping. PKIGAX R. C. BOAEDIXG SCHOOL. This school is known by the lloman Catholic Church authorities as the Sacred Heart boarding school, but as there are other schools carrying the same name, it is better defined under the headline name. It is located on the north side of the Oldman's river and witlnn the Peigan reserve. The inspection was made on Xovember 20 hist, and there were then 36 pupils enrolled and classified as follows: — Standard I IT pupils. II 6 " ■' III T " " IV 5 " " V 1 " Rev. Sister Mary of the Eucharist holds a first-class teacher's certificate, which fwas acquired in the province of Quebec during 1900. There are, in all, seven sisters engaged in the work here. Fair progress had been made by the pupils in class -work during the period between this and the previous inspection. Boys and girls have separate, clean and well furnished dormitories, but it is questionable whether there is the air space in either of them now demanded for each occupant. The wing in which the class work was carried on had been eidarged, and this change had provided a larger class-room and an enlarged boys' dormitory as well. ERMIXESKLN S BOARDINt; SCHOOL. This school is located on the Ermineskin reserve, near the Hobberaa siding, on the C. and E. branch of the Canadian Pacific railway. It is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church and with the Rev. Father Dauphin as principal, and the Rev. Sister St. Jean de la Croix as superioress. These are nine additional sisters engaged in the work at this school, and the Rev. Sister St. Ludgarde still holds the position of head teacher. This sister holds a second-class teacher's certificate. This school was inspected during January and there were then 22 boys and 28 girls enrolled, classified as follows: — Standard 1 14 pupils. 11 (5 " " 111 5 " " lY 12 " ■' Yl.. '.'. '.'. ...... ..' 13 " The programme of studies is closely followed in this school, and I do not think that it is an exaggeration to say that the class work will compare favourably with the class work of rural white schools. 390 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 A good well of water was provided at this school two years ago, and during Janu- ary last the water from this was placed throughout the main building and in the laundry building, by a system of piping and a tread horse-power. Separate dormitories are in use by boys and by the girls, and both are well fur- nished and comfortable. The industrial work carried on here is along the same lines as at other boarding schools. ST. Joseph's industrul school. This school is located on the High river, and near where this river joins the Bow river. It is under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church, and the Rev. Father Riou is now the principal, and the Rev. Sister Kelly the matron. In addition to the principal and the matron, there are 11 others on the staff. The per capita allowance for this institution is $130 per annum. Mr. S. J. McDonald has charge of the boys' class work and holds a second-class teacher's certificate. The Rev. Sister Provencher had charge of the girls' classes. At the end of the quarter, December 31, last, there were 59 grant-earning pupils — 35 boys and 24 girls. In addition, there were 15 non-earning pupils in the institu- tion. The classification of the 59 pupils referred to was: — Standard 1 7 pupils. li 7 " " III 5 " " IV 17 " " V 16 " " VI 7 " The senior pupils follow the half-day .system, i.e., they spend either the fore or the afternoon in the class-room, or at some manner of work. The senior boys do their share of the farm work and the care and the feeding of the stock. The senior girls take their share of the housework, do sewing, mend- ing, &c. Nearly 200 acres of land is under cultivation at this school, and about 1,000 tons of hay is annually put up. There were 300 head of cattle, feeding for beef pur- poses, when I made the inspection. As all of the farm work, the care and feeding of the stock, &c., is carried on by the boys, under the supervision of Brother John Morkin, it is evident that the boys at this institution are deriving a practical knowledge of farming and stock-raising. There are 1,070 acres of land directly attached to this school, and besides, it con- trols over 1,600 more acres under lease or other provisions. The buildings of this institution are steam-heated and lighted with a Siche gas generator. RED DEER INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. This school is under the auspices of the Methodist Church, and the Rev. A. Barner is the principal. The per capita grant is $130 per annum. The staff comprises nine persons, besides the principal, and the teacher, Mr. W. B. Shaw, holds a first-class professional certificate. There are 43 pupils enrolled and classified as follows: — Standard 1 8 pupils. II 10 " " III 12 " " IV 8 " " V 3 " " VI 2 " i REPORTS OX BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 391 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The half-day system is followed and the class-room work is thought to be highly satisfactory. There are, unquestionably, some very bright pupils at this school, and an encouraging feature is that these pupils now exhibit a desire for knowledge and a desire for a higher plane of living than the one they were reared under. A school of this kind cannot be maintained, however, with so few pupils and with an earning power of only $130 per annum. The Methodist Missionary Society has been called upon year after year to supplement the per capita and other earnings, to the extent of four or five thousand dollars annually, to keep the institution in op- eration. The Indians for whom this institution was first started, now seem to take less interest in its welfare than they did years ago. Unless there is a marked change in the attitude of the Indians towards this school in the near future, I do not see many reasons for keeping it in operation. There are 1,140 acres of land in connection with this school and of this there are about 200 under cultivation. Over 6,000 bushels of grain was threshed last autumn and, besides, a portion of the grain was fed unthreshed. A number of improvements were made to the buildings since the last inspection and a number more should be made to carry on the work advantageously. At least double the number of children should be enrolled before any further outlay of money would be justified in behalf of the children of Indians who should now be supporting this school by their attendance. MCDOUGALL ORPHANAGE BOARDING SCHOOL. This school was closed about the beginning of the winter and the children then in, attendance were transferred to the Red Deer industrial school, because all the parents of these children were absent from their homes and the children had to be cared for until their return, which was about Christmas. A day school has since been started on the reserve, Stony, and the attendance so far is reported to be large and regular. GENERAL REMARKS. Three boarding and three day schools were not inspected during the year owing to the press of other work in connection with this inspectorate. I have, &c., J. A. MAKKLE, Insvector Northwest Territories, Mackenzie River District, St. Peter's Mission Boarding School, Hay River P.O., via Edmonton, Dec, 1908. Fr.\nk I'edi.ey, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to report that the above named boarding school in con- nection with the Church of England in Canada, of which I am in charge, is located at the mouth of the Hay river, on its east bank, on the southwest shore of Great Slave 392 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 lake, within the limits of Indian Treaty No. 8. It is not on a reserve, but in the unorganized territory of Mackenzie Eiver, under the .supervision of the Royal North- west Mounted Police. Land. — We have under cultivation about S acres of Crown lands adjoining the village of Hay River. The soil in the immediate vicinity is flat alluvial deposit on a hed of sand, and is adapted for agriculture. A varied growth of timber, consisting of spruce, poplar, tamarack anl willows, extends all round us. The land has been ac- quired through settlor's possession and is the property of the Mission. Buildings. — We have the following buildings : — (1) A large dwelling-house used as our boarding school, comijosed of 3 parts consecutively erected, the last being 2i storeys high. The whole is constructed of logs and boards and contains 18 rooms. (2) A new dwelling-house, 25 x 23 feet, 2J storeys high, with a storey and a half lean-to attached, 25 x 15 feet. We are at present using the whole of this, part as a storehouse and part as a dwelling for some of the staff. (3) A workshop, fitted up for carpen-tering and blacksmithing; it also has a pit for the hand-sawing of logs into boards. (4) A storehouse, in which we keep some of our clothing, provisions, and general supplies. (5) A woodshed. (6) A small house for cleaning fish. (7) Cattle byre, accommodates 6 head and has 2 box stalls for calves. (8) Small dwelling-house for hired help, 14 x 16 feet, new in 1907. (9) Small dwelling for our interpreter, 14 x 16 feet. (10) Our church, still unfinished, but we hope to be able to complete it this com- ing summer. We have logs and lumber haided home for a new warehouse, which wc hope to erect next spring. The church, school and large dwelling-house are all roofed with metallic shingles. We have sufficient of these to roof our prospective warehouse also. Accommodation. — Our institution is a mission home and school; the age.s of our pupils range from 4 to 20 years: though we occasionally receive widows and others as mission helpers under instruction. Wc have one with us at present ; she is very C'lger to learn to read and write. We have room for about 60 persons; this includes staff and married helpers. During the year ended June 30, 1907, we have had as many as 45 persons, including our staff. - Attendance. — The attendance of pupils during the year was: girls 18, boys 14, making a total of 32 regulation boarding pupils. Besides these we have one native tfemali^) helper under instruction in general housework. In addition to the above, we have three day pupils. These, however, are not very regular in their attendance. Class-room Work. — The subjects taught are: reading in English and two native languages, writing, arithmetic, composition, geography, dictation and Holy Scripture. The pupils are making good progress in their studies. Class Hours.— TProm 9.30 a.m. to 12, and from 1.30 to 3.30 p.m. We find too close confinement tends to impair the health of the children, especially in the short winter days. Farm and Carden. — We planted all of o\ir available ground in potatoes this year, and although we have but a short season, we secure a fair harvest. This year we took up about 800 bushels of potatoes. The garden is a small plot of ground between the school and river. It is sepa- rated from the other by a fence. In this garden we grow cabbage, cauliflower, car- rots, onions, parsnips, turnips, beets, beans, peas, radishes, lettuce, and also some flowers to beautify the place. These vegetables are used chiefly by the staff and hired help. The school chihh-en help in the care of the garden; the boys, with myself. i REl'ORTt^ OX BOARDIXG l.YD IXDUSTRIAL SCUOOLS 393 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 took up all our potatoes this year. Our liay-suiiply i.s derived solely from the natural grass fouud along the river banks and sloughs near by. There is a large amount of goose grass amongst it; this we find is very hard on our cattle. We have 2 milk cows, 1 bull, 1 heifer and 1 calf. We train our cows to work, and use them with the bull fo haul and plough. We have to keep two or three teams of dogs (four dogs to a team) ; this necessitates securing food for them the whole year round. Industries Taught. — We have no stated industries, but we teach each boy and girl, as far as we can, to be practical and useful. The boys learn the outdoor work, including use of tools and building. The girls are instructed in every branch of housework and plain sewing. Moral and Eeligious Training. — We try to teach our children to be obedient, diligent, straightforward and honest. We seek to develop in them the essential principles of faith and trust in God, and obedience to His will, as revealed in the Old and Kew Testaments. All of our training is under the control and inspection of the Bishop of the Diocese. Health and Sanitation. — I am very happy to report that not one of our pupils has been obliged to lose one day's schooling through illness during the year. There have been a few deaths in the village, but not many. We take all the sanitary pre- cautions we can. Our closets are removed each year, no cesspools are allowed near the house, the yard is kept free from every kind of rubbish, so as to avoid any infection. Water Supply. — We obtain all our water from the river flowing by the school. It i>. generally speaking, good all the year round. Fire Protection. — We keep barrels of water constantly on hand and have ladders conveniently placed. A good supply of axes are placed around and kept for fire pro- tection puposes only. Water buckets for fire purposes only, are placed in each dormi- tory for immediate use. A system of fire-drill is now practised throughout the year. By means of this, our children can be roused from sleep, partially dressed, and out of the building in three minutes. Heating and Lighting. — Our school building (1) is heated "with seven wood stoves and the new dwelling-house (2) with two stoves. Our fuel is chiefly spruce grown near by. The institute is lighted with parafiiue candles. The staff use coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — ^^'e encourage the pupils to play all healthful outdoor games, such as football, baseball, running, jumping, skating, skipping and swinging. All our children are frequently taken for long walks. The boys in summer go boating and in winter set snares near by the school. Indoor games also are provided and a good lib- rary of books is kept for them. Food Supply. — By far the greater part of our food supply is derived from the river and lake, by setting nets in them nearly all the year round. We are seldom without fish on the table. These, with the potatoes we rai.'^e, form the staple articles of our diet. Wc occasionally get a little meat from the natives, but not very often. All other ar- ticles must be imported from Edmonton or Winnipeg, and cost from 8 to 9 cents a pound to be brought in to us. Clothing. — The school children are clothed principally out of the mission bales of the Women's Auxiliary of the Church of England throughout the eastern iiart of Canada. These bales are voluntarily contributed. Mail Service. — The Hudson's Bay Company now carry, under contract with the government, two mails a year, one in winter and one in summer. We, however, are not able to answer by the return mail, as the sleds return from Resolution when others start towards us. Thus we are obliged to wait for the next packet to send out our answers to the incoming mails. Hence a great delay is unavoidable at present. Finance. — In this connection I must explain we are only beginning to use the cash system here, but it is gradually gaining ground. The skin system has been and is still the more general mode of exchange. All native help is paid in goods. These 394 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 goods are bought in Winnipeg and paid for by the Bishop of the Diocese and sent on to ns to be used to pay our help. Some of the clothing and gifts sent in the bales from the Women's auxiliary are used for this purpose. All mission freight charges, as well as travelling expenses of the children, are paid by the Bishop of the Diocese. All missionary helpers are hired and paid by the Bishop from his headquarters. It will be seen at once, from the above, that I am not able to render a financial statement. I hav€, &c., ALF. J. VALE, Principal. Northwest Territories, Providence Mission (Sacred Heart) Boarding School, Fort Providence, Mackenzie River, September 15, 1908. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1908. Location. — This school is built near Fort Providence, on the right bank of the Mackenzie river, and belongs to the Roman Catholic mission. There is no post office, neither are we on a reserve. Land. — The area of land in connection with the school is about four acres, two of which are under cultivation. This belongs to the Oblate Fathers. Buildings. — The buildings are as follows: the main building, 60x30 feet, three storeys high, containing the school-room, sewing-room and a small chapel, is occupied by the staff and the girls. A second building, 30x20 feet, contains the boys' hall and refectory. Their dormitory is on the upper floor of the reverend father's house. Last spring we put up a laundry, 30 x 20 feet. Accommodation. — Accommodation can be provided for about 60 pupils and 12 sisters. Attendance. — The pupils being all boarders, the attendance is very regular. Class-room Work. — The pupils attend school from 8.30 to 11 a.m., and from 1 to 3 p.m. Besides this they have two hours each week of vocal music lessons. The children, in general, are quite intelligent and improve very well. Farm and Garden. — All the children able to work help with the seeding and reaping and weed the garden. Industries Taught. — Before and after school the children are kept busy. The girls are trained in housekeeping, and are gradually taught sewing, mending, darn- ing, Icnitting, cutting and making of their clothes, bead-work, embroidery, cooking, baking, washing and ironing. The boys provide water, saw and' chop the wood for fuel, and keep the yard clean. Moral and Religious Training. — Great attention is paid to these important mat- ters; the conduct of the children is most satisfactory. Health. — With the exception of four, all the children enjoyed very good health during the year. Water Sujiply. — We get very good water frcnn the Mackenzie river, which passes a short distance from the house. i REPORTS OX FiOARDING AND IXDUSTRIAL SCBOOLS 395 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Fire Protection. — A fire-escape, buckets, aud the Mackeuzie river passing by the house, are our protection against fire. Heating and Lighting. — Wood stoves are used for heating and coal-oil lamps for lighting. Recreation. — Regular hours are set apart for recreation each day. The boy.s and girls have a playground leading from their respective departments, where they enjoy themselves at the different sjiorts common to their age. They generally take a walk at least once a day. To ramble in the woods around is one of their greatest pleasures. The Roman Catholic mission possessing a small steamboat, the children are occasion- ally favoured with an excursion. I have, &c., SISTERS OF CHARITY. British Columbia, Ahous.\ht Bo.arding School, Ahousaht, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour of submitting the annual report of the Ahousaht boarding school for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated on a tract of land adjoining Maktosis' reserve, on the inner side of Flores island. The situation affords a good view of the pictures- que Herbert arm and North channel. Land. — The school lot consists of 140 acres, chiefly covered with timber. About 16 acres of loamy soil, ready for cultivation, has been recovered from the drainage of a small lake. The land is the property of the Presbyterian Church. Building. — The building is a frame structure, 68 x 48 feet, with 2 storeys, base- ment and attic. During the year a barn, 26 x 18 feet, was erected for holding the crop and stabling stock; also a hen-house, 17 x 15 feet. There is a wood-shed in connection with the school building, 40 x 18 feet. Accommodation. — The school building can accommodate 60 pupils and 5 of a staff. Attendance. — The enrolment during the year has been 48. Of these, 4 were dis- charged during the year, having reached school age, 2 were discharged on account of health not being satisfactory for school life, 1 girl died from complications following a severe attack of measles and 1 boy died from tubercidar disease. The present at- tendance is 40 pupils, 23 boys and 17 girls. Class-room Work. — The course of study prescribed by the department is followed. The pupils attend forenoon and afternoon sessions of school. Two qualified teachers impart instruction. The inspector reported in his recent visit that the progress made in all branches was very satisfactory. In addition to the regular course of study, 17 pupils have received lessons daily in instrumental music. Many of them have good aptitude for this study and have made excellent progress. The pupils are graded as follows : — Standard 1 13 pupils. n 4 " " in 7 " " IV 14 " V 10 " 396 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Industries Taught. — In acMition to the general duties of wood-cutting, making firs, house-cleaning and caring for dormitories, in which all the boys take part, the larger ones are given special instruction in gardening, carpentry, shoemaking, paint- ing, baking, plumbing and blacksmithing. During the summer a new launch was built by the school, a new barn and a hen-house were constructed also during the year by the larger boys. Several rooms of the school were painted. The girls receive instruction in cooking, making and repairing clothing, baking and laundry work, knitting and varieties of fancy work. Farm and Garden. — About 16 acres of loamy soil have been recovered from drain- ing a small fresh water lake. A considerable crop of hay and vegetables was obtained from it last summer. The action of sun and air is improving the fertility of the land each year. About an acre of cranberries was set out last year and are doing well. The strawberry and raspberry patches are also doing well. We require the use of fer- tilizer to secure good results. A few quarts of berries were obtained from the first season's crop. Moral and Religious Training. — The central aim of all of our efforts is directed to this end. In addition to regular morning and evening worship and Sabbath service and Sunday school, the Bible is used in the senior class as a daily reading. Wednes- day evening is set apart for mission band classes. Every effort is directed to the de- velopment of a strong moral and religious character. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the school for the greater part of the j'ear has been satisfactory. Following the epidemic of measles at the close of last year one girl died from complications resulting from the disease and one boy from tubercular trouble. Two were dismissed on account of health being unsatisfactory for school life. Cleanliness and ventilation are well attended to. A room is provided for isolation in cases of sickness. The drainage of the school is good. Water Supply. — The water-supply is chiefly obtained from rainfall. The tanks in which it is stored are cleaned at times so as to keep the water pure. In case of pro- longed drought in summer a well supplements any shortage in the tanks. Fire Protection. — Seven chemical fire-extinguishers are distributed throughout the different parts of the building. Filled buckets are kept in the dormitories and 8 fire-buckets are kept in reserve. Ladders for fire-escapes are placed at each end of the building. By means of a large force pump and 100 feet of hose, water can be thrown on the roof, or to any part of the building. We have an occasional drill for training the children to come quickly and in an orderly manner out of their rooms at the sound of the fire alarm and to familiarize the boys with the use of the fire-fighting appli- ances. Heating and Lighting. — The school is heated by a large hot-air furnace, but its capacity is not sufficient for the whole building in cold weather. A new chimney was built and a stove placed in the school-room, which adds very much to the comfort of the room. Coal-oil lamps are used for lighting. Recreation. — Various outdoor games are played in favourable weather; when otherwise, suitable recreation is provided within. Giencral Remarks. — The year has been a favourable one in the history of our school. The relations between school and reserve are very friendly. A larger number than usual of bright, healthy, young children have been signed into the school. The benefits of the school are being more fully appreciated. Helpful and encour- aging visits have been made by the inspector and agent during the year. T have, &c., J. L. ]\IILLAR, B.A.. Principal. i REPORTS OX BOARDING AXD INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 397 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 British Columbia, Alberni Boarding School, • Alberni, April 5, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the lioiiour to submit the annual report of this school for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — This school has a beautiful location. It is built on a plateau about sixty feet above the level of the garden, which it overlooks ; at the back of the school the country rises to a higher level, and is heavily timbered, giving abundant shelter from the prevailing winds. In front of the school, about 200 yards away, flows the beautiful Somas river, and from the school grounds we obtain a splendid view of the river, with Alberni 2^ miles distant. On the same plateau across the road which divides this property from the reserve, is the Shesaht village; and one mile down the river on the opposite side is the Opitchesaht village. Land. — There is 156 acres in connection with the school, which is known as part lot 81, district of Alberni. The land is owned by the Presbyterian Church. The land is heavily timbered, is very expensive to clear; the soil, however, is very good. The soil is well adapted for all farming purposes, after land has been cleared. Buildings. — The buildings consist of main building, 38 x 43 feet, 3 storeys high, with wing, 32 x 46 feet, 2 storeys high. The old school building is used for laundry, bake-shop and carjJenter-shop. Other buildings are class-room, wood-shed, driving- shed, root-house, stable and hen-house. Accommodation. — There is accommodation for 60 children and a staff of 7. Attendance. — There are 47 pupils on the roll, 23 boys and 24 girls. Four pupils (boys) were admitted during the year. Two pupils received their discharge, one boy and one girl. Four girls died during the year, 2 from tubercular meningitis, the other 2 from pulmonary trouble. Class-room Work. — Fair progress has been made during the year. The jn-ogramme of studios authorized by the department is followed. Farm and Garden. — The stock consists of one horse and 4 head of cattle. Several of the boys have learned to milk. The larger boys do the iiloughing, and teaming for the school. The garden yielded a fair crop, and a great deal of fruit was preserved. Industries Taught. — Farming and gardening are taught, also plain carpentering, painting, shoe-repairing and baking. The larger boys are also expert fishermen. Dur- ing the winter some of the boys and girls have been engaged making a new net. Dur- ing the year a stable was built. 20 x 36 feet, most of the work being done by the boys. The girls are taught thoroughly in all departments of housework. Their training includes cooking, laundry, breadmaking, dressmalcing, the care of milk and butter, the canning of fruit; also sewing and music. All mending of clothing and darning of Stockings is done by the girls. One evening of each week is given to sewing (fancy work), for which the girls show much aptitude. At the local show held at Alberni the pupils took first and second prizes for pen- cil drawing, first and second for map by child under 15 years of age, first for collec- tion of cakes and 10 other prizes for needle and fancy work. '^^o^al and Religious Training. — The conduct of the pupils has l)een very good. The pupils attend regular Sabbath services, also Sabbath school, and every day reli- gious instruction is imparted to them. 398 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Health and Sanitation. — The health of the pupils has heen fair ; two sisters dying of tubercular meningitis, within a short time of one another, was the saddest in our experience. One girl had cold ulcers on her legs, and was allowed home on sick leave; while there her lungs became affected and she died 4 months later. One other girl died of consumption. For sanitation our location is excellent, the W. F. M. S. of the Presbyterian Church has made a grant of $250 to overhaul the plumbing and waste-water pipes. Water Supply. — Our chief water-supply is from a large tanlc on a higher level, 250 yards behind the' school. Owing to the extremely cold winter the water-pipes of our water-supply were frozen and some of the pipes burst; repairs have been com- pleted. There are also 2 wells. Fire Protection. — We have 4 Keystone fire-extingishers, 6 Haverhill Eclipse and 12 fire-buckets, distributed through the building. A large tank, mentioned in the water-supply is used for fire-protection purposes. Heating and Lighting. — The main building is heated by hot-air furnace, the new addition by stoves. Coal-oil lamps are used for lighting. Eecreation.^ — The boys play football and baseball and other games; the pupils are vei'y fond of swimming and couoeing. In the ■winter indoor games are provided. General Remarks. — The school is visited monthly by Agent Neill, and was in- spected in June and February by Inspector Green. I have, &c., -TAS. E. MOTION, Principal. British Columbia, Port Simpson Boys' Bo.\eding School, Port Simpson, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to forward the annual report of the boys' boarding school. Port Simpson, for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is situated about 350 yards distant from the ocean and the same distance from the Port Simpson post oiEce, on a slight elevation at the northeast of the Indian village on the Tsimpshean reserve. Land. — The school is built on a lot of land, 2 chains by 4 chains, and belongs to the Missionary Society of the Methodist Church. It was acquired several years ago from the Port Simpson Indian council. Through the centre of the lot there runs a small ravine which serves as a drain for the land, while this part of the country is naturally mossy and bog-like, but when drained and cultivated is well adapted for flori- culture and horticulture. . Buildings. — The main building is a large 2 storey frame structure, with cellar, old and inadequate. It is impossible to make it an attractive school or residence for boys. The outbuildings consist of wood-shed, drying-shed, stable, and play-shed, the last being used for boat-building. The buildings are kept in a fair state of repair, all of them having been re-shingled during the year. Accommodation. — The building has space for 25 pupilfe with a staff of 3 or 4. 1 REPORTS oy BOARDING AND ISDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 399 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Attendance. — A good average attendance has been sustained during the year. Class-room Work. — The school-room is bright and comfortable and the inspector on his last visit was pleased with the progress the boys had made. Classified, the standing is as follows: — Standard 1 13 pupils. II 1 " III 4 " IV 2 " V 1 " Farming and Gardening. — No farming is attempted, owing to climate conditions and nature of the soil. Farming as an industry would be of very little use to these Indian boys. Gardening has proved successful; the small fruits bear well, and vege- tables are a satisfactory crop. Industries Taught. — These consist of general carpentry, carving in wood, boat building, gardening, general housework, including baking, mending, washing, &c. Moral and Religious Training, — This comprises class instruction daily, prayers morning and evening, regular attendance at the church services, Sunday school and week-night service included, and friendly talks on moral and religious themes. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the boys has been generally good, there has been no epidemic. The premises are in good sanitary condition, though old, they have been kept very clean throughout the year. Water Supply. — The water-supply is generally plentiful, but the past winter being unusually severe, for some weeks water for all purposes had to be carried, the pipes conducting the water from the main being frozen. Fire Protection. — This consists of a large tank placed at the rear of the building, a quantity of hose, 12 chemical fire-extinguishers and 12 buckets filled with water in the corridors. Heating and Lighting. — The main building is heated by means of coal and wood stoves, and lighted with coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — The premises contain a playground, not adequate in size nor suffi- ciently level, to prove a satisfactory ball-ground. The boys are provided with in- door games, and in the winter when there is snow they find healthy amusement in coasting. General Remarks. — Our work amongst the boys is retarded through lack of suit- able plant. Port Simpson and the surrounding villages have large numbers of boys, who ought to be receiving regular instruction at some boarding school or institute, and Port Simpson itself is sufficiently attractive to draw them were there a modern, well-equipped institution, in keeping with the rest of the mission buildings. I have, &c., GEO. H. RALEY, Principal. 400 DEPARTMENT OF IXnrAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 British Columbu, Port Simpson (Crosby) Girls' Home Boarding School, Port Simpson, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., ■ Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the Port Simpson (Crosby) (iirls' Home bo.ir.ling school for the year ended March 31, 19U9. Location. — The school is located at Port Simpson, British Columbia, and is situated just outside the limits of the Tsimpshean reserve. Land. — The land lies in section 4, township 1, range 5, coast district. It is owned by the Women's Missionary Society of the Methodist Church of Canada, and was acquired by purchase from Mr. Gordon Lockerby, Port Simpson, B.C. We have an area of two acres w'hich is fenced, but only abovit one-eighth of an acre is cultivated. We have a place for a playground for the girls. The land lies on the slope of a hill, the greatest elevation being towards the south and east. With thorough draining the soil would be suitable for raising vegetables and small fruits. Buildings. — The buildings consist of a hovise, three storeys and a basement, a tank-hovise, chicken-house, wood-shed, dryiug-shed and play-room. The roof has been covered with tar jiapcr, re-shingled and painted during the year. Accommodation. — Wo have good accommodation for 45 girls and 4 teachers. Attendance.^ — The average attendance was 41-48, with a total enrolment of 47. The number of pupils discharged was 3 and the number admitted 6. The presenly number in attendance is 43, with 1 pupil on an extended vacation, making a total of.' 44 at present on the roll. Class-room Work. — The classes have made good progress, and have gained in general knowledge, as well as knowledge of their text-books. Nature study has been encouraged. They have also had some special lessons in drawing and music. They speak English Huently, and are fond of reading. Five have been promoted to standard II, 5 to standard III, 5 to standard IV, and 7 to standard V. We are pursuing the same course of study as that used in the public schools of British Columbia. The subjects taught are : reading, writing, arithmetic, spelling, dictation, gram- mar, composition, geography, drawing, history, hygiene, music, Bible history and cate- chism. Twelve girls have taken music lessons on the organ and the whole school has had lessons in vocal music. Two girls act as organist, in turn, for the school and one of them plays the organ for Sunday school. Classification. — The pupils are classified as follows : — Standard 1 5 pupils. II 13 " " III 9 •' " IV 11 " " V 8 " Garden. — A small vegetable and flower garden is cultivated, as well as some cur- rant bushes, rasiiberries and rhubarb. Industries Taught. — The industrial teaching consists of instruction and trainnig in general housework, laundrywork, cooking, bread-making, dressmaking, sewing, mending, darning, knitting and fancy-work. They are also taught to raise chickens i liEPORTa U.\ liDAUDl.Sa AXD lyoVSTIilAL SCHOOLS 401 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 and care for hens. This year 2 classes in cooking and domestic science were organ- ized and regular lessons given by Miss Deacon, after the most approved school of domestic science. The larger girls are taught to cut and fit their own dresses. Little girls of 12 and 13 are making dresses for the smaller girls. Very satisfac- tory progress has been made in each department and even the smallest can patch and darn stockings neatly. The girls under the supervision of their teachers have performed satisfactorily all the work of the institution, including kalsomining, house-cleaning, oiling floors and feeding and caring for chickens. The out-pupils who have gone into domestic service have given excellent satisfac- tion as general servants. Moral and Eeligious Training. — The pupils are carefully trained to be honest, truthful, obedient, industrious, kind and obliging. A Bible lesson is taught each day, so they are carefully instructed in Bible history and doctrine. The exceptional cases of lying and stealing are dealt with in such a way as to correct the tendency. The girls are slowly improving and nearly all the ex-pupils are doing well and keeping good homes. Health and Sanitation. — The general health has been good. One girl died May 30, 1908, of meningitis and another is with her mother, because of lung trouble; we will have the doctor report on her condition. The girls are all in good health at pre- sent. We had an attack of tonsilitis during the cold weather, but all have recovered. The sanitary condition is good. Water Supply. — The water-supply is derived principally from a mountain stream at some distance from the house. It is conducted by a wooden pipe, connecting the reservoir with our tank, which has a capacity of 4,000 gallons. Pipes also bring the rain water from the roof to the tank. The water is carried through the house by means of pipes, =-0 we have hot and cold water on. two flour!3.' The water is good and abundant, except for a month or more of cold weather, when we bring it from an unfailing spring. Fire Protection. — We have large canvas sack fire-escapes from each dormitory. The pupils can all get out of the building in 10 minutes after the alarm is sounded. Fire-drill has been practised about nine times this year, but ed up by the boys into a wooden tank, which is always kept clean. This pumping takes a great deal of time, which might be used in other ways to more ad- vantage to the pupils. The water is pure. Fire Protection. — Four chemical fire-extinguishers, 2 fireman's axes, and 6 fire- buckets are kept in places of easy access. An iron fire-escape has been erected to the upper bed-room. There is also a pump and 184 feet of hose. Fire-drill is practised, in accordance with the department's instructions, both day and night, and the pupils are prepared for an emergency. Heating and Lighting. — The school is heated by ordinary box stoves. Coal-oil lamps are used, and are hung from the ceiling. Recreation. — Football still retains its place as the most popular sport. The pupils never tire of it. Indoor games, draughts, parlour-croquet and crokinole are played during the winter evenings. General Remarks. — We thank the department for the grant made for new bed- steads and mattresses, also for the material to make the new dormitory. These wants were very real ; the kindness of the department is, therefore, much appreciated by the staff. We much enjoy the visits of the inspector, the Rev. A. E. Green, as he always enters so heartily into the work of the institution. I thank Mr. Comley for his valuable assistance in superintending the mixing of the mortar, and plastering the dormitory. I have, &c., A. W. CORKER, Principal. 1 REPORTS O.Y BOARDJXG A\D INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 413 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 British Columbu, Clayoquot (Christie) Industrial School, Kakawis, West Coast, March 31, 1909. Frank Pedlev, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended :Ararch 31, 1909. Location. — The Clayoquot (Christie) industrial school is situated in a cozy cove of Deception channel, Clayoquot sound, on the west coast of Vancouver island. The location is ideal for a school of its kind, central on the coast, secluded from the near- est Indian reserve, Opitsat, and the white settlements, and well aheltered from pre- vailing and cold winds. Mail reaches the school by private mail bag direct from the Victoria post office. Land. — The institution owns 175 acres of land, the title being vested in the Abbot of St. Benedict's Abbey. The land is heavily timbered and offers great difficulties to cultivation; lx>yond a small amount of garden produce it yields no material advantage. Buildings. — The main building is a commodious, substantial, frame structure of two and a half storeys with basement of concrete walls, and has a frontage of 144 feet and a depth of 52 feet. In the basement are 2 gymnasiums, the furnace-room, cellars, cold storage, paint and plumber shops. The first floor includes officers', boys'- and girls' entrance halls, parlour, sitting-room, Indian room, kitchen, pantries, store- room, pupils' and officers' dining-rooms, senior and junior class-rooms, boys' and girls' recreation-rooms, 2 sewing-rooms, and 2 toilet-rooms. On the second floor are located the girls' dormitory and lavatory, 2 infirmaries with bath-rooms, office, 8 bed-rooms, 2 officers' bath-rooms, and chapel, 32 x 48 feet, and vestry. The boys' dormitory and toilet, one bed-room, 2 clothes-rooms, and one trunk-room, occupy the third floor, or the attic. In the rear of the main building stands the laundry, 14 x 32 feet, and the wood- shed, 30 X 50 feet, which has a carjx'nter-shop and a shoe-shop under the roof. The instructor has for himself and family a cottage, 24 x 30 feet, containing 2 bed-rooms, kitchen, and sitting-room, and also has a wood-shed adjoining. At some little dis- tance from these buildings is the storehouse, 12 x 28 feet. For our cows we have still only a temporary stable. A new laundry has been put up, 26 x 60 feet, with the help of the department, but at date of report is not finished, the interior remaining to be completed. It will have an engine and boiler-room, wash-room, and ironing-room, and will be equipped with cylinder washer, extractor, hand tubs, dry-room, and steam boiler and engine. Accommodation. — The institution has comfortable accommodation for 75 pupils and a staff of 10 members. Attendance. — The average attendance for the year was 61, boys 31, girls 30; the highest attendance was 65, the lowest 55 ; discharged were 4 boys and 6 girls ; admitted 7 boys and 9 girls. The present enrolment is 64 pupils, 32 boys and 32 girls. Class-room Work. — Class and study hours are from 8 a.m. to 12, and from 2 to 4 p.m. All pupils attend from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. While the seniors are in school from 10 a.m. to noon, the juniors pursue their industries. The time of the afternoon is devoted to industries, the juniors, however, have the rest of their classes from 2 to 4 o'clock. The subjects taught are readinp:, writing, arithmetic, spelling, dictation, letter-writing, composition, geography, history of the province and of Canada, cate- 414 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 chism, Bible history, hygiene, drawing, vocal and instrumental music. Every month written and oral examinations are held alternately. The pupils' progress this year has been rather above the average, especially in reading, arithmetic and composition. Classification. — At the end of the term the pupils were graded as follows: — Boys. Girls. Total. Standard 1 5 7 12 " II 3 2 6 III 8 4 12 " IV 9 10 19 V 3 7 10 VI 4 2 6 Total 32 32 64 Farm and Garden. — The school is at a great disadvantage from having no farm- ing lands, no fields, no pastures. But we have a small garden, in patches, wherever some ground is available. A new piece of ground, nearly an acre, was cleared and drained last summer and will be planted in vegetables this spring. The gardens yielded a fair amount of vegetables, such as potatoes, carrots, turnips, parsnips, let- tuce, cabbage, cauliflower, peas, beans, green tomatoes, and small fruits, but do not at all, as yet, furnish enough supplies for the institution. Ton.s of potatoes and boxes of fruit have to be bought in the Victoria market. The feed for the stock also has to be imported. All the boys are taught gardening. Industries. — Baking. — Eight boys learned to prepare the bread-dough, but the girls bake the bread in the kitchen range, they also do the small baking of bread and pnstrv. Boat-huilding. — The boys apprenticed to this trade built a skiff, 16 feet long by 4J feet beam, and did a large amount of repair work on old boats, also made new pad- dles and oars. Carpentering. — Twelve boys received instruction in this trade. They with their instructor erected a new laundry, 26 x 60 feet, moved the wood-shed further back and set it on new siUs, made fences around a new piece of garden, installed ventilators from the boys' dormitory and from 2 bath-rooms, partitioned off the girls' attic to 3 rooms, built a boat slip, made some elegant pieces of furniture and polished same, and attended to very many repairs in and around the buildings. Dairying. — Four boys learned to milk the cows and to feed and take care of stock. Girls received instruction in butter-making. Fishing. — Our boys supplied the institution with a liberal amount of fish, cod, herring, halibut and salmon. Fishing is done by means of net, trolling, trawl-line and the old-fashio'n,ed herring rake. Laundrying . — The boys are taught to wash their own clothing; they assist the girls with heavy Ininidry work; the girls, however, receive instruction in all the de- tails of laundrying. Masonry. — Three boys were taught how to mix and work concrete, and they made the foundations of the new laundry. Net-maTcing. — The boys were shown how to attach sinkers and floats to a net made a year ago. Painting. — The boys' dormitory, the girls' recreation-room, and the 2 sewing- rooms were painted by 3 apprentices of this industry. Plumhing. — Three boys were charged with attending to the necessary repairs of the many plumbing fixtures in the house, making alterations in water pipe, thread- ing and fitting pipe, soldering, &c. Shoemaking. — Five boys worked in the shoe-shop, giving good satisfaction. i liEPORTS OX BOARDIXa AXD ISDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 415 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Girls' Industrial Work. — The girls are taught and assigaed tasks, according to ability and proficiency, in the different branches of domestic work. They take their turns in the kitchen, cooking, baking and preparing of food, in having charge of rooms, in feeding and caring of poultry. Each girl has to pass through specified courses in plain sewing, hemming, darning, plain and fancy knitting, mending, sewing by ma- chine, hemstitching, cutting, fitting, and finishing of dresses; in crocheting, lace-mak- ing, and embroidery. All of the girls' garments and most of the boys' clothing were made at the school by the girls. A good deal of work was done for outsiders. Moral and Religious Training. — Our earnest efforts are directed to teaching the children to know clearly and comprehensively Roman Catholic doctrine and to training them to practise correctly and intelligently Catholicity, so they learn not only to think, but also to act as practical Catholics at all times and in all places and in all conditions of life. The conduct of our children is excellent. They receive religious instruction daily. Health and Sanitation. — The general state of health of the pupils, with the ex- ception of a few eases of colds this spring, has been very good. Sewerage and sani- tation are perfect. Water Supply. — This is excellent, and is obtained from ;a small mountain stream, having its source on the southern slope of Lone Cone. At a head of about 150 feet, the water is conducted by a flume to a wooden tank of 8,000 gallons, and thence piped to the school by 3 and 2-inch galvanized iron pipe, for a distance of nearly 1,200 yards. The water is pure and abundant. Fire Protection. — Ten chemical extinguishers, 24 fire-pails, 2 fireman's axes, and 200 feet of two-inch rubber lined web hose are kept in readiness for an emergency, in easily accessible places. The pupils have occasional drills, both day and night, in speedily vacating the building and in the use of the fire-fighting appliances. Out- side fire-escapes provide for safe exit in ease of fire. The pressure from the watejr main is about 60 pounds. Heating and Lighting. — The heating plant is a direct two-pipe open tank hot- water system, which gives perfect satisfaction and, besides, is very economical in the consumption of fuel. For lighting we use coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — The pupils have on the sandy beach, right in front of the school, an ideal playground for all kinds of outdoor sport and games, and they are encouraged to make good use of it, too, playing football, jumping, vaulting, racing. The girls have swings, skipping-ropes, croquet and ten-pins. For the rainy seasons they are amply supplied with suitable indoor games. They also have drills and calisthenic exercises. General Remarks. — The school ha^ had many visitors during the past year, as most of the transient travellers of the west coast take advantage of the nearness of the school to get a glimpse of Indians dud of the educational work being done among them. All visitors without exception show great surprise that our pupils speak Eng- lish so well, are so apt in their studies and work, and are so polite. It affords me pleasure to bear t«stimony to the good work done by the members of the staff. This tends to help in accomplishing the great work of teaching, train- ing and uplifting the Indian to the plane in which, we confidently trust, he will stand in future years. In closing I wish to express my high appreciation of the courtesy and assistance rendered us by our inspector. Rev. A. E. Green, and the efficient co-operation of our sterling agent, Mr. A. W. Neill. I have, &c., r. MAURUS. O.S.B., Principal. 416 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 British Columbu, coqualeetza industrial schooi,, Sardis P.O., March 31. 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March 31, 1909. Situation. — The Coqualeetza industrial school is situated on the south side of the Fraser river, and is about 4 miles from the steamboat landing. Boats ply daily be- tween Chilliwack and New Westminster, a distance of 50 miles. Connection is made with the C.P.R. at Harrison station, which is on the north side of the Fraser river. The school is 3 miles from the city of Chilliwack. It is not located on a reserve. Land. — There are 90 acres of excellent land in connection with the school. The farm comprises parts of lots 38 and 297, group 2, in the district of New Westminster, and is within the municipality of Chilliwack. The laud is all cleared and under cul- tivation. A fine stream of spring water runs through it, making it an ideal farm for dairy purposes. The missionary society of the Methodist Church owns the property. Buildings. — These are : (1) the main building, containing kitchen, dormitories, lavatories, laundry, recreation-rooms, school-rooms, dining-rooms, clothes-rooms, fur- nace-rooms, and dairy; (2) the residence of the principal; (3) the residence of the farm instructor; (4) 3 large barns; (5) a granary; (6) a wagon and implement shed; (7) a wood-shed; (8) a bake-house; (9) a hen-house; (10) a root-ocUar; (11) a hot- house. Accommodation. — The main building will acconunodate 90 pupils and a staff of 8 or 10 teachers. Attendance. — One himdred and ten pupils have been in attendance during the year. Of these 85 are now in the school, 15 have been discharged, 8 are away on holi- day, and 2 have died. The average attendance has been a small fraction over 80. There were 26 new pupils admitted to the school. Class-room Work. — The hours of study in the school-room are from 9 to 12 a.m,, and from 1 to 4 p.m. Each pupil is in the school-room one-half of each day, attend- ing in the forenoon one month and in the afternoon the following month. The regular course of study of the schools of the province of British Columbia is followed. Good faithful work has been done and the standing of the school is excellent. Two of the pupils will try the examination for entrance to a high school in June, The parents are delighted to receive the monthly letter sent by each child. For only one reason is a pupil kept from the class-room and that is illness. Many of the pupils make rapid progress in the ela.ss-room. At the end of the year the pupils were graded as follows : Standard 1 23 pupils, " II 12 " III 10 " " IV 11 " « V 19 " « VI 5 " Seventeen of the girls have taken music lessons. Both boys and girls are fond of music and are making pr :)gress, 1 have not been able to get a band instructor since Mr, Marshall gave it up on account of the pressure of business over a year ago. i REPORTS OX BOARDIXG A\n IXDCSTRIAL SCHOOLS 417 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The reading-room is well patronized, the boys being particularly eager to read the daily papers. Farm and Garden. — The farm yielded well last year. The apple crop was smaller than usual. There was an abundant crop of berries; aft«r using all that was needed for the pupils and stafi, some $40 worth was sold. One thousand tomato plants pro- duced o tons of fruit, but on account of early frost only 2 tons ripened. There were produced on the farm and garden 25 tons of gi-ain, 600 sacks of jwtatoes, -10 tons of hay, 350 boxes of apples, 4,000 heads of cabbage and cauliflowers, 60 tons of turnips, besides quantities of onions, beets, carrots and rhubarb. The live stock consists of 10 cows, 7 heifers, 6 horses, 1 Jersey bull, and a number of pigs and hens. Industries Taught. — The aim is to give the boys an^l girls a practical training which will fit them to fight successfully the battle of life. They are taught by both precept and example the dignity of all honest labour. Both boys and girls are taught to cook by an experienced teacher. Many of them become quite proficient. The girls take turns in the laundry, sewing-room, and the kitchen. The boys learn by prac- tical experience how to manage cattle, horses and crops, or become handy with the tools of a carpenter. There is no better place than the farm to develop the powers of a boy. He learns the necessity of initiative if h-^ is to be a success. Four or five boys each year learn to bake bread. One ton of flour each month is turned into bread. We erected a hothouse during the winter and are now prepared to supply the whole community with plants of all kinds. It calls for tact, push and patience to develop the latent powers of these Indian children. However, it can be done, and the money spent in its accomplishment is a splendid investment for both church and state. Moral and Religious Training. — The instruction, spiritual, moral, and intellec- tual, is in the hands of a thoroughly efficient staff. No part of our work is more care- fully and faithfully done than this. Its importance is appreciated. The pupils are taught politeness, obedience, purity, honesty, and Christian manliness. The character of the pupil is unconsciously moulded by the moral atmosphere that is breathed in a school. The Sunday school lessons are carefully taught ; the commandments are re- peated once a week; selected portions of the Bible are memorized; and every efi'ort is made to store the mind with the very hest thought of the best book in the world. Both pupils and staff assemble for prayers morning and evening. In the afternoon of each Sabbath the pupils attend service in the Indian church on the reserve, and a very bright and helpful service is held in the institute each Sabbath evening. No pains are spared to make Sunday a bright and happy day for the pupils. Health and Sanitation. — On the whole the health of the pupils has been good dur- ing the year. Early in the year one boy complained of ear trouble. It did not res- pond to treatment, and he was sent home. There he had treatment in the hospital, and died of consumption in January. Another boy died of tuberculosis of the bowels. These are the only deaths we have had among the 110 pupils enrolled this year. ^Marked attention is given to the health of the pupils. Every possible care is exer- cised in regard to ventilation. Every child receives an abundant supply of good whole- some food. All drains are regularly and carefully flushed. Every thing around the building is kept clean. Water Supply. — There is an abundant supply of excellent water for domestic purposes. The Elk Creek Water Company has extended its system and it passes the school. It is a 4-inch pipe, but on account of the number drawing from it, the pressure is not sufficient to make it valuable for fire-protection. Fire Protection. — This is afforded by the following conditions: a brick building, the furnaces in the basement, and the stove in the laundry on cement floors, tlie bak- ing is done in a brick oven in a building detaeh(>d from the main building, there is a barrel of water in each of the halls on the upjier flat. There is a limited supi'Iy of water on the first and second floors from the taps. The means of egress are numer- ous. There are 4 stairways leading from the second floor and 3 from the third floor. 27— i— 27 418 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 There are fire-escajses from the dormitories. All doors leading from the school-rooms, dormitories, dining-room, and from the halls open out. Fire-drill is held at intervals. Heating and Lighting. — The building is heated throughout by the Smead-Dowd system of hot-air furnaces. Since my last report all our buildings have been wired and the electric light system installed. This is a great improvement. Recreation. — There is nothing better for the health of the child than hearty joy- ous play. Saturday afternoon is a holiday. At intervals every day, time is given for play. Our pupils play football, baseball, basketball and all kinds of games that are usually indulged in by active girls and boys. The larger boys have organized a club, and when they don their suits they present a pleasing appearance. They occa- sionally run round the block, a distance of 4 miles. General Remarks. — The year that has just closed has been pleasant. The staff has been faithful and devoted. The officials of the Indian Department have been kind and courteous. The officials of the church have been sympathetic and appreciative to a marked degree. I have, &c., E. H. CAIRNS, Principal. British Columbia, Kamloops Industrial School, Kamloops, April 20, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The Kamloops industrial school is situated at the foot of St. Paul's mountain, on the northern bank of the South Thompson river. It is in the immediate vicinity of the Kamloops reserve, and about 2 miles from the town of Kamloops, which is on the other side of the river and is a divisional point of the Canadian Pacific?, Railway. Land. — Three hundred and twenty acres of land were surrendered by the Indians of Kamloops for the purposes of the industrial school; but in reality less than 200* acres belong to the school, for a public road cuts the school reserve in two parts and the land situated north of the road has been lately fenced in by the Indians as a part of their reserve. Of the 200 acres left, about 40 could be cultivated; but owing to the difficulty of obtaining water for irrigation, only 15 acres are laid out in fields, garden and orchard. The remainder consists of sandy hills and broken land, suitable only for grazing, and of low-lying land which in the spring is transformed by the overflow of the river into a beautiful sheet of water. There is no natural grass to be cut for hay, nor is there any timber available for fuel. Buildings. — The main building contains on the ground floor: the parlour, office, dining-room for the boys, kitchen, pantry and the laundry, with four bath-rooms and bake-oven. The second storey comprises the chapel and dormitory for the little girls. To the right is the girls' house, containing sewing and recreation-room, dining-rooms for the teachers and girls, and dormitories. To the north, about 100 feet from the main building, is the boys' home, which contains store-rooms, recrea- i REPORTS O.V B0ARDIK6 AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 419 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 tion-room, lavatory and dormitory. There are also two rooms for the accommoda- tion of the staff. The boys' and girls' school-rooms are two separate buildings, only one storey high and distant 50 feet from their respective homes. The outbuildings consist of the carpenter and shoe shops, two stables and barn, two cellars, hen-house, ice-house, three-room cottage, girls' summer-house and tank- tower. Accommodation. — There is sufficient accommodation for 60 pupils and the neces- sary staS. Attendance. — During the year 29 boys and 34 girls were on the roll. Five boys and one girl were discharged; nine boys and 2 girls were admitted. Class-room Work. — The school hours for the boys were in the morning from 8.45 till 12 o'clock every week-day, except Saturday ; and in the afternoon of every week- day, from 4.45 till 6.15 o'clock. The school hours for the girls were from 2 to 5 o'clock in the afternoon, with half an hour's study in the evening. The course of studies required by the department was followed as nearly as possible, and the pupils have made satisfactory progress. At this date the pupils are graded as follows: — Standard 1 13 pupils. II 15 '• III 8 " IV 11 " V 10 " VI 5 " Total 62 " Farm and Garden. — With the exception of potatoes, the crops were almost a complete failure last year. The grasshoppers destroyed all the young plants in May; .and though a second sowing was made, it was too late, and the jesult was not satis- factory. The fruit trees, winter-killed in 1907, were replaced in the spring of 1908; but the young trees have made very little growth. The alfalfa crop was very good, where the land could be irrigated by means of the windmill supplied by the department, but the rest of the field yielded very light 'crops. All the boys are employed at farm and garden work. They milk the cows and attend to the stable work in turn, outside of the regular work hours, which are from 1.30 to 4.30 p.m. Our stock consists of 4 horses, 5 cows, 1 heifer, 5 calves and about 40 fowls. Industries Taught. — Carpenfering. — Under the direction of Ifr. L. Viel, who is an excellent carpenter and plumber, 13 boys have made all the repairs needed about the buildings and water-works. Shoe Eepairing. — Four boys have repaired the shoes for all the pupils as well as the harness used on the farm. Baking. — Eight boys were employed in turn in doing the heavier part of the work and the girls did the rest. They have always succeeded in turning out first-class bread. Girls' Work. — The girls do the cooking and washing, and are taught all the branches of housekeeping. Besides the help they give for the general baking, they are made to go through the whole process of making bread on a small scale in the kitchen stove oven. They are taught also hand and machine sewing, knitting, mend- ing and darning. They make all their dresses and other articles of clothing. Moral and Religious Training. — Every possible attention is paid to this most important branch of education. Religious instruction is given almost daily for half 27— i— 27* 420 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAX AFFMR.S i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 an hour, and constant supervision is exercised over the pupils in order that they may acquire more easily the habit of fultilline- all the duties they owe to God, to their neighbour and to themselves. Morning and evening prayers are said in common. On Sunday the pupils assemble three times in the chapel, and besides, one hour is devoted to the learning of sacred hymns and to the explanation of the Gospel. Health and Sanitation. — One boy, suffering from diarrhoea, was sent home and died there in June. There were during the year two cases of pneumonia and several cases of minor ailments; otherwise the general health of the pupils was good. The sanitary condition is good. The water from the kitchen and laundry is carried to the river by an luiderground drain. Garbage and refuse matter are not allowed around the buildings; chloride of lime and lye are used as disinfectants. Ventilation is carefully attended to, and the pupils are often reminded of the import- ance of securing a constant supply of fresh air. Water Supply. — Good water is obtained from the South Thompson river by means of a bull-dozer pump and gasoline engine. The tank in which it is kept, is lined in- side with galvanized iron and covered all around with sawdust. In the beginning of January, all the pijjes and pump were jjut out of working order by the unprecedented cold which prevailed here ; but the trouble was soon overcome, owing to the skill and hard work of the foreman. Fire Protection. — The fire-appliances are as follows: — 3 Carr chemical fire- engines and 4 Eclipse dry dust extinguishers; 2 fireman's axes; 3 heavy ladders, per- manently attached to the buildings and some smaller ones; about 2 dozen buckets; one large stair outside of the boys' dormitory for fire-escape; 2 tanks, one of a capacity of 1,800 gallons with 3 taps, and the other of a capacity of 1,200 gallons, i^laced on a tower 30 feet high; It is to be regretted that wi3 have not bsen able a? yet to find the means to protect this tank against frost in the winter. There are also on hand 100 feet of rubber hose. Heating and Lighting. — Ordinary box stoves are used for the purpose of heating the rooms, and for lighting we have only coal-oil lamps, though we use tallow candles ■when it is necessary to move the light from one room to another. Recreation. — The pupils are allowed ample time for recreation during the week- days, and on Sundays and holidays they usually take a long walk through the country. They indulge in the ordinary amusements suitable to their age and sex. The girls are fond of reading, but the boys prefer outdoor exercises. The foreman is anxious to revive the brass band, but only a few boys care to practise. General Remarks. — Owing to disease and other circumstances beyond the control of the management, frequent changes have occurred in the staff during the year. The Sisters of St. Ann are still in charge of the girls ; but the services of Mr. T. Mad- dock have been secured as teacher of the boys, with the approval of the inspector of Indian schools. It is gratifying to note again that since my last report, two more couples of ex- pupils have been united in the bonds of holy wedlock. The ex-pupils who marry other ex-pupils are better able to retain the habits of civilized life, which they acquired at the school. The visit of Superintendent Vowell, accompanied by Agent Irwin, was very much appreciated, as were also the regular visits of Mr. A. E. Green. I have, &c., ALPH. M. CARION, O.M.I., Principal. i REPORTS O.V BOARDIXG .l.YZ) INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 421 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 British Columbia, KooTENAY Industrial School, St. Eugene V.O., April 5, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Siipt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report for the year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The Kootenay industrial school is located in the St. Eugene Indian village, at the bottom of the picturesque valley of the St. Mary's river, about 5 miles from Cranhrook, the nearest station, with which it is connected by a fine road and a telephone line. It is in close vicinity to the reserve of the St. Mary's band, from which it is reached by a new bridge across the river. To the east of the valley, a beau- tiful view is enjoyed of the snow-capped Rocky mountains. Land. — The land belonging to the school comprises 33 acres, donated by the Oblates of Mary Immaculate for that purpose, and 120 acres, the property of the Sisters of Charity. The whole is laid out in garden, orchard, clover and timothy mea- dows and pasture. The land is all fenced, level and productive. It is cultivated prin- cipally for the purpose of giving the boys a proper training in farming. Buildings. — Three separate buildings are used for the accommodation of staff and pupils. Both schools are one storeyed. The boys' house, 32 x 62 feet, is to the east. On the ground floor are the class-room, recreation-room, dining-room and a toilet with bath. Their dormitory with a bed-room for 2 sisters is in the attic. The girls' house is to the west, and of the same dimensions. These two buildings are 20 feet from the cen- tre building, which contains the kitchen, a dining-room and two parlours on the first floor and chapel and dormitory on the second. No improvements have been made in these buildings for the last two years, as they are old and damaged beyond repair. The outbuildings are bakery with laundry and supply store, foreman's house, hen- house, shoe and carpenter shop; the cellars, barns, stables and cow-sheds are warm and comfortable. Attendance. — From 05 to 70 children have been in attendance during the year, but .50 pupils only are allowed the per capita grant ; 12 pupils have been regularly dis- charged and 12 others admitted. About one-fifth of the children belong to the Shus- wap-Kinbasket band from the Windermere lake. In origin, manners and language they are entirely different from the Kootenays. The characteristic of the latter is tenacity and of the former pliability. Yet in spite of this contrast the greatest har- mony reigns amongst them. Class-room Work. — The official programme of studies prescribed by the depart- ment has been faithfidly followed. The subjects taught were reading, writing, spell- ing, grammar, arithmetic, geography and history, besides these, catechism, Bible his- tory and calisthenics. Lessons were given in music, both vocal and instrumental. The pupils that left school keep up the singing of English hymns in their respective churches, and soon some will be able to accompany the singing with the organ. Only the missionary acquainted with the old. incorrigible way the old people sing, is able to appreciate what great improvement this will be. The Kootenay industrial school band, under training of the Cranhrook city band-master, has gained a well deserved reputation. The children showed good will in learning and their progress has been very satisfactory. They are classified as follows : — 422 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Standard 1 32 pupils. II 8 " " III 14 " " IV i " " V 4 " Farm and Garden. — The laud under cultivation was planted in hay, oats and potatoes. A creek running through it furnishes plenty of water to a naturally well adapted soil. The crops of hay and oats have been the best we have ever seen. The ploughing, harrowing, seeding, rolling, irrigating, the mowing and reaping, have been all the boys' own work, under the supervision of a foreman. They are shown the secrets of all the different farm implements, even of the hay-press, threshing-machine and stump-puller. A 2-acre garden extends in front of the buildings. It produces all kinds of vegetables for kitchen use and stock. Also strawberries, gooseberries and raspberries were ripened in it. Along the public road runs a large orchard. The abundant crop of fruit is not exliausted yet. The trees were loaded down with apples of the best quality, the sight of which excited the admiration of the visitors and many a photo was taken by amateurs. Especially to be mentioned was the visit of His Ex- cellency Earl Grey, Governor General of Canada. Garden and orchard demand a great deal of time and care which has been given to them mostly by the boys of the junior class. They are trained in the art of seeding, hoeing, transplanting, weeding, watering, pruning, spraying, and some do their work with real skill. Industries Taught. — Boys' Industrial Work. — Besides the important branch of agricultural industry, the stronger boys are taught the carpenter trade. They kept the doors, windows, gates and fences of the surroundings in good order. A few also continue the shoemaking trade, and do useful repairing in that line. They looked after the feeding of the stock during the winter and do the stable work, the milking, dairying and butchering, all the year round. Girls' Industrial Worh. — The girls, especially the larger ones, receive a complete training in everything necessary and useful for their future life. They attend to the ■ cooking and baking every day, one sack full of flour into bread, in which art they give great satisfaction. Every Monday they do the general laundry work, and every Sat- urday they give a more thorough washing and cleaning to their quarters. They are not less trained in neodle-work and in the use of the sewing-machine. Their neat, tasty and well-fitting dresses, cut out and made by themselves, speak of the girls' ability in the art of dressmaking. They work under the supervision of one or the other of the sisters. They love their work and show very good will. Moral and Religious Training. — The religious and moral training of the chil- dren has been very carefully attended to. Each day they attend morning and evening prayer in the house chapel, and on Sundays and holy days at the services in the public church, together with their people. The principles which shall lead them to love and respect God and government arc impressed upon them by means of the Roman Catholic catechism, which they are taught daily, but more particularly every Thursday by the principal himself. Bible history, with the life of our Lord, is put Ijefore them as an example to follow. The children are under continual super- vision. Due correction is given when required. Health and Sanitation. — As to food, air, exercise, cleanliness, nothing has been neglected on the part of the staff to keep the children in good health. Yet I am sorry to say that five children died, one was discharged on account of poor health, and .'ionie others suffered from the uncomfortable conditions of the quarters. Water Supply. — The supply of water is abundant, and it is wholesome. It is brought from a creek near by in wooden pipes to all the buildings and stables. Last winter's frost froze up the pipes at a depth of five feet. The foreman, with some of the larger boys, by means of pick-axe and shovel, fire-wood and boiling water, after three weeks' digging, finally succeeded in thawing them out. i REPORTS ON BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 423 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Fire Protection. — The fire-appliances consist of six chemical extinguishers, 12 buckets, 3 ladders and 3 fireman's axes, stationed at convenient places throughout the buildings. Two hose are kept ready to be connected with the waterworks in case of alarm. This is occasionally rung to give the children a practical lesson of self- protection in case of danger. Heating and Lighting. — The heating is done with wood by means of box-stoves. And because a great quantity of wood is required to keep the shrunken buildings warm, during weeks of 40 degrees below zero, the greatest part of the winter is spent in hauling the fuel down from the neighbouring hills. The larger boys do the haul- ing, and in the sawing, splitting and piling all hands are busy. It is most interest- ing to see a dozen boys at the sawing of a log, with what ability they run their saws to and fro, and how each couple tries to outrun the other, or to see them at the splitting of a block, with what axemanship they divide it into pieces. The necessary light is supplied by coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — The usually dry and sunny weather allowed the children to take their recreation in the pure outdoor air of the roomy playgrounds. They indulge in the ordinary amusements most suitable to their age and sex, according to the sea- Bons. They are body and soul in games as well as work, and the surrounding hilla^ reverberate their joyous shouts and laughter during recreation. The boys' favourite pastimes — n swim in the close by St. Mary"s river, a pony ride across the prairies, or a rabbit chase through the underwoods of the valley — have been several times granted to them as a special favour. A great relaxation to our children is the visits of their parents. These take place annually, on Christmas, Easter, Corpus Christi in June, and on All Saints day in November, when all the tribes of the Kootenay agency gather together at the St. Eugene village; rightly do the Indians call this place their home, for here they see each other and see their children growing up ; here they hear them singing and praying, assist at the plundering of their Christmas tree and enjoy their band pieces. They become convinced that their children are well educated and looked after, and are glad to bring them to school as soon as they are of age. In closing, I beg to tender my sentiments of gratitude to the officers of the department, particularly to our agent, Mr. R. L. T. Galbraith, for his interest in the welfare of our institution. I have, &c., J. WAGNER, O.il.L, Friiicipal. British Columbu, KuPER Island Industrial School, KuPER Island, April 1, 1900. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report of the Kuper Island indus- trial school for the year ended ifarch 31, 1909. Location. — This school is situated on Telegraph bay, on the southwest side of Kuper island, about 5 miles from Chemainus station, on Vancouver island. The scenery of the bay, sheltered on three sides, widening southward into Stuart channel, with a blue mountain range for background, is truly magnificent. 424 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-lD tDWARD VII., A. 1910 Land. — The land in connection with the school was surrendered by the Penelakut Indians, and forms part of the Kuper Island reserve. It extends over an almost square area of 70 acres. Most of it is under cultivation. The soil is good and suitable for mixed farming. Buildings. — The buildings, 20 in number, are scattered in a very disorderly way, at the southern corner of the school property. The profusion and irregularity of so many small buildings on different levels cause great inconvenience and discomfort to pupils and staff. Most of the buildings are old and some damaged beyond repair, by long use and weather. The main group of buildings, 4 in number, comprises on the ground floor, par- lour, oiBce, boys" dining-room, kitchen, girls' dining-room, recreation-hall, parlour for matron, store-room and sewing-room. On the upper floor are 2 bed-rooms, girls' class-room, girls' and sisters' dormitories, with linen and bath-room adjoining. The boys' home is divided on the ground floor as follows: boys' infirmary, a guest-room, store-room, sitting-room, bath-room and lavatory, play-hall and a school- room. On the upper floor are the linen-room, dormitory and bed-rooms for teacher and foreman. The outbuildings consist of a cottage, now used to accommodate visiting Indians, gymnasium, laundry and dry-room, bakery, barns, hen-house, boat-house, shops for carpenter, shoemaker and blacksmith, wood-shed, house for hydraulic ram and elevated tank. Accommodation. — The institution can and does accommodate 80 pupils. Attendance. — During the year 89 different pupils were in attendance. The aver- age attendance was 75. Two pupils were discharged with the consent of Superin- tendant Vowell. Eight new pupils were admitted. One girl, 12 years old, died at the school from meningitis, and one boy, sent home on account of tubercular symptoms, died lately. Class-room Work. — The school hours were from 8.45 to 12 noon, and from 5 to 5.45 p.m., with one hour for study at night for the boys, and study from 4 to 4.45 p.m. for the girls. Our devoted teachers worked very successfully. At the end of the year the pupils were graded as follows :— Standard 1 26 pupils. II 17 " " III 8 " " IV 5 " V 13 " VI 7 " Farm and Garden. — All the boys receive instruction in farming and gardening. The orchard and garden yielded a very good crop. The crop of vegetables was not so good on account of the very dry summer. About 7 acres of land were cleared of stumps. Our live stock consists of 3 horses, 10 cows, 1 bull, 3 heifers, 4 calves, 5 pigs, and about 100 fowls. Boys' Industrial Work. — Carpentry. — Five boys received special instruction this year. The incessant repairing of old buildings, fences and boats kept the instructor and his apprentices very busy. Shoemahing. — Four boys worked at the shop and have attended to all the repair- ing under the supervision of their instructor. Painiing. — The painting is done by the carpenters. They repainted the row- boats and launches and did also some inside work. Baking. — One of the senior pupils does the baking. The older boys prepare the dough. i 1 REPORTS O.V liOARDIXG ASD ISDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 425 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Dairying. — All the boj's are trained in milking. Two boys operate the cream separator and make the butter. Laundrying. — This work is done by both boys and girls under supervision of the laundress. &irls' Industrial Work. — The girls receive instruction in all kinds of general housework, such as cooking, washing, baking bread and pastry, &c. They show great skill in hand and machine-sewing, cutting and finishing dresses, as well as in crochet and fancy-work. Moral and Religious Training. — Religious instruction is given half an our daily to all the pupils. Their morning and evening prayers are said in common. Health and Sanitation. — The health of the children was very good. We had a mild and short-lived epidemic of whooping-cough last summer, and of itch this win- ter. The sanitary condition of the buildings, although attended to with great care, is yet wanting in many respects, on account of defective old buildings and their loca- tion. Water Supply. — A creek supplies the school with plenty of water, conveyed to the different buildings by means of an hydraulic ram. Some natural springs provide fresh and pure water for drinking and kitchen use. Fire Protection. — The pupils are trained in the way of escaping according to the last regulations and 3 triangles are used for that purpose. All the boys have also been trained in fire-fighting and the use of ladders, buckets, fire-axes and chemical extin- guishers. Heating and Lighting. — The heating is done with ordinary heaters and box- stoves, but, on account of so many scattered buildings, is not very satisfactory. All tlie rooms are well lighted by an acetylene gas plant. Recreation. — Special attention is given to this important branch of education to overcome the naturally indolent nature of the Indian and the consequences of idle- ness. Very nice playgrounds have been selected for boys and girls. The boys enjoy mostly football and baseball, with boating and swimming in the warm season. Our brass band has greatly improved and has given us many enjoyable concerts. The girls amuse themselves skipping, playing ball, boating and bathing in the summer. They also enjoy cultivating flowers during their leisure hours. General Remarks. — The number of applications for admission is a proof that edu- cation is more and more appreciated by the Indians of the district. We have already some children of ex-pupils attending. In closing my report, I wish to thank the officers of the department for their courtesy. Our agent, Mr. Robertson, and our inspector, Mr. Green, have by their visits and kind direction, greatly encouraged and assisted the staff in their arduous work. I have, &c., P. CLAESSEX, Principal. DEPARTJIEXT OF INDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 British Columbia, Lyttox (St. George's) Industrial School, Lytton, April 10, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of the above named indus- trial school, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 1909. Location. — The school is 2i miles from Lytton, north, on the left bank of the Fraser river, and the Lytton-Lillooet wagon road runs along the east side of it, the whole length of the cultivated lands. Land. — The land comprises some 600 acres and is sandy, sandy loam and a little alkali. We broke up 20 acres in the autumn and have sown spring wheat. The land is owned by the New England Company. Buildings. — The school building is in good repair and other buildings are all in use for their special purposes. We have added an ice-house and cold storage, ice-house, 12 x 12 x 12 feet, cold storage attached, 8 x 8 x 10 feet; school buildings, laundry, poultry houses, root cel- lar, carpenter's shop, blacksmith's shop, horse stable, cow-shed, smoke-house, 3 houses for the workmen, wood-shed, ice-house and cold storage, chapel also at the north end of the farm; farmhouse, cattle-sheds, barn, dairy, pig-house and log tool-house. Accommodation. — The school was built for the accommodation of 35 pupils and a staff of 4, but we could easily house more, owing to all our industrial work having been moved to separate buildings. Attendance. — There are 32 on the register, but only 25 at school; one will be returning on Thursday next, the 15th. Class-room Work. — School hours are from 9 a.m. to 12 noon, and from 7-30 to 8.30 p.m. The subjects taught are reading, writing, arithmetic, singing, history, grammar, geography, and geometry. Farm and Garden. — We had a bad year for farm and garden ; cut worms and drought together did much damage, the fruit only being good. Apples, pears and peaches were plentiful and excellent ; melons and tomatoes a complete failure. Industries Taught. — Carpentry, blacksmithing, farming, gardening, and a good deal of painting are the industries taught. All the housework is done by the boys, except the cooking and washing. They do a large amount of the mending of the clothing. Moral and Religious Training. — Being tied so closely to the work, and being very isolated, comparisons are difficult, and one sometimes concludes that Indian boys are a tough proposition, but remembering my own school days in England, I con- clude that these children respond to and benefit from the moral and religious train- ing, which is the same in both cases to as great an extent as other boys. I find their memories developed most wonderfully since they first began to cultivate them. Health and Sanitation. — The health has been good, the winter very trying; one boy died at home from heart trouble. The sanitation is good, all sewage being carried well away from school build- ing, and the ventilation is well arranged. Water Supply. — The water-supply is plentiful the year round, and by gravitation. 1 REPORTS O.V BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 427 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Fire Protection. — Two fire-escapes are built to the school from the dormitories, a perforated pipe is along the ridge, a good supply of axes, buckets and hose are at hand. Heating and Lighting. — Heating is by hot-air furnaces and piping, lighting by coal-oil lamps. Recreation. — Football, rounders and hockey are the principal games. The coast- ing was bad last winter, the snow being soft and deep, and taken altogether the children had a most trying winter. Play began again as soon as a few feet under a tree on the playground was clear of the snow. I have, &c., GEO. DITCHAil, Principal. British Colujibia, Williams Lake In-dl'strlal School, Williams Lake P. 0., April 17, 1909. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my annual report for the year ended March ai, 1909. Location. — This institution is beautifully situatcJ in a fertile valley along the San Jose creek, 135 miles from Ashcroft, a station on the Canadian Pacific rail- way, and four miles from Sugar Cane, the nearest Indian reserve. The post office is Williams Lake. Land. — All the land in connection with the school is the property of the cor- poration of the Oblates of ilary Immaculate. It is, for the greater part, only pasture land. Buildings. — These consist of the main building, the boys' and girls' homes and a fourth building containing kitchen and dining-rooms. The main building is mostly occupied by the reverend principal and the other fathers. The boys' home comprises on the lower floor: school-room, play-room, shoemaker-shop, bath-room and lavatory; on the second floor: dormitory, store-room, sick-room, office and bed-room for the foreman; in the attic are located the boys' wardrobes. The girls' home has on the lower floor: a school-room, a store-room, two parlours, bath-room and lavatory, a sewing and a play-room ; the upper floor contains a dor- mitory for the bigger girls with a bed-room for members of the staff, chapel and vestry, bed-rooms for the teachers, and a second dormitory for the smaller girls; in the attic are the girls' wardrobes and another store-room. The outbuildings are: granary, meat-house, carpenter and blacksmith shops, 3 cellars, hen-house, stable, barn and machine-shed. A new stable that was begun last year has been finished and a new warehouse was built. The dimensions of the latter are 48 x 24 feet, with a lean-to on 3 sides, for buggy, wagons and sleighs. Accommodation. — The school can easily accommodate 90 pupils with the necessary staff. Attendance. — At the time of writing this report 59 pupils are in attendance ; 53 of these are on the roll. During the year 5 were admitted and 8 were discharged: 5 boys and 3 girls. Class-room Work. — Very good progress was made this year by all the pupils. The schools hours for the boys are in the forenoon from 8.30 to 10, every week day, and in 428 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., h. 1910 the forenoon, from 10 to 12, every week day, except Monday forenoon, and in the afternoon from 4.15 to 6 except Saturday. The subjects taught are those prescribed by the department. The pupils are at present graded as follows : — Standard 1 6 pupils. II G " III 23 " " IV 10 " " V 14 " Totd 59 " Farm and Garden. — Our large farm is one of the best in the country. All the crops did well this year. In the garden we raised an abundant supply of vegetables such as beets, cabbage, cauliflower, turnips, carrots, onions, lettuce, peas, beans, celery, radish, &c. Since a couple of years, we are also experimenting with fruit trees and some of them are beginning to bear fairly well. A few well chosen species of bush fruit, such as currants, raspberries, gooseberries, do very well nearly every year. J Industries Taught. — Farming. — Farming being in this part of the province the : best and most lucrative occupation for our Indians, we try to give our boys a thorough and practical knowledge of this branch. Nearly all the senior boys attended regularly to all the work in the garden, while occasionally even all were employed there. At haying time all spent the afternoons in the meadows. During winter they saw and ] split all the fire-wood. v Carpentry. — Mr. J. J. Swain is a very efficient instructor in carpentry. His two apprentices have made great progress the past year. They have finished the new stable and built the large warehouse mentioned above besides attending to the repair work in and around the premises. Blaclsmithing. — Whenever any light work is to be done, the carpenter and his apprentices work also in the blacksmith-shop. Shoemaking. — In the absence of a competent shoemaker, work in this shop is limited to half-soling and mending that is neatly done by one of the boys, who is now able to teach it to the other boys. Dairying. — Six boys attended to the separator during the season every day at noon and in the evening. They also did the churning, while the girls attended to the lighter work of butter-making. About 800 pounds of butter were put up. Fainting. — Last summer 4 boys painted the floors of the chapel, the school-rooms, the dining-rooms, the dormitories and some smaller rooms. Oirls' Industrial Worl-. — The girls attain great proficiency in housekeeping; in knitting, mending, hand and machine sewing, dressmaking, crocheting, embroidery and lace-making. Except their underwear for winter, they made all their own cloth- ing and the greater part of the boys' suits. Under the direction of a sister, also, they in turn attend to the laundrying, to the cooking, baking, butter and cheese-making. The aim ever kept in mind is to prepare each girl to become an all-round practical housekeeper. How well the good sisters succeed in this is shown by the many in- quiries from white people for girls to help in the housework and by the Indians being very anxious to send their girls to school, so that they may learn well, cooking, knit- ting and mending. Moral and Religious Training.— This being the most important part of education particular care is taken by all members of the staff in training the children to be obedient, truthful, honest, kind and obliging. Religious instruction is given daily by the principal, morning and evening prayers are said in common, and on Sundays and holy days the children do all the singing in the church, often in 2 and 3, sometimes even in 4 parts. i REPORTS O.Y liOARDIXG AM) lyDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 429 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Health and Sanitation. — As in former reports I am again happy to state that the school has kept up its record in regard to the excellent health enjoyed by the children. No contagious disease, no serious case of any kind, no death is to be deplored. The drainage is good and cleanliness strictly enforced. Water Supply. — This comes to us through pipes from an artificial lake, into which runs part of the San Jose creek. It has taken a great deal of the Oblate Order's private funds in order to get the water system in such good working order, even in the coldest winter, as we have had this year, when the thermometer registered 54 degrees below zero, and would have marked yet more, if it had been graduated lower. Fire Protection. — With a change in the heating system the fire-protection also will become much more eificacious. At present, each chimney can be reached by fixed ladders; pails and axes are also ready at hand. Heating and Lighting. — The heating so far has been by ordinary box stoves. But, this besides being a continual danger of fire, has never given good satisfaction. We have begun to replace the many small stoves by furnaces of hot air. Last fall we installed a furnace in the boys' school and it has given entire satisfaction in even such a severe winter as we passed through this year. All the buildings are lighted by acetylene gas, which continues to give complete satisfaction. Recreation. — Boys and girls have large and well-kept playgrounds where they en- joy all kinds of outside games nearly the whole year. The girls have one part of their playground fenced off, where nearly every one has her little flower garden to which they attend with the greatest zeal and delight. General Remarks. — Our ex-pupils, on the whole, continue to be a credit to the school. Before closing my report it gives me great pleasure to state that this has been in every respect a successful year, thanks to the painstaking and zealous co-operation of my staff. I also gratefully acknowledge the kindness of the department in supplying the girls' school with new desks that were badly needed. My thanks are due also to Superintendent A. W. Vowell, and our inspector, A. E. Green, whose visits are much appreciated. Death has taken away rather suddenly a few days ago our worthy agent, Mr. E. Bell. May he here receive my tribute of gratitude for his unremitting kind- ness and devotedness to our institution. I have, &c., H. BOENING, Principal. British Columbia Inspectorate, 1076 Pender Street, Vancouver, April 10, 1009. Frank Pedley, Esq., Deputy Supt. General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my fourth annual report on the schools in- spected by me during the year closing March 31, 1909. BABINE AGENCY. MEANSHINISIIT DAY SCIIOOI, (cHURCII OF ENGLAND.) This school, which is situated about 60 miles below Hazelton, I visited on May 6, and again in November. Miss Kemp, who taught at the time of my first inspection, 430 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 resigned, and Miss Day was teaching at tbe last inspection. Of the 20 pupils enrolled, 12 were present, and the average attendance was 18. The classes were graded thus: Standard 1 7 pupils. II 6 " " III 7 " The pupils were clean and nicely clad and did very well in all subjects. Miss Day is energetic, and the children attend regularly and are making satisfactory progess. GITWINGAK DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). I visited this village in May and again in October. Miss Florence B. Kemp is the teacher and is painstaking and faithful in her work. There were 21 pupils enrolled, graded as follows: — Standard 1 16 pupils. « II 5 " The average attendance is 14. The people are away half the year. Fair progress is made by the children. ANDIMAUL DAY SCHOOL (SALVATION ARMy). I inspected this school on May 7 and on October 12, and found 22 pupils enrolled, with an average attendance of 8, and 13 present at inspection. They are graded thus : Standard 1 11 pupils. II 5 " " III 3 " Ungraded 3 " D. Eankin is the teacher and a little progress had been made since the former inspection. KITSEGUKLA DAY SCHOOL (mETHODIST) I visited this school on May 4, and again in October. Miss Hannah Edgar is the teacher. Eighteen pupils were enrolled, and of these six were present at inspec- tion. They were graded as follows : — Standard 1 3 pupils. II 2 " " III 1 " The average attendance is seven. Some of the children still live in the old village, nine miles from the school, a fact which accounts for the average attendance being so small. KISHPIAX DAY SCHOOL (METHODISt). This school, which is situated nine miles above Hazelton, I visited on May 9, and again on October 13. Fifty-six pupils were enrolled, with 23 present at inspec- tion. The children are graded thus: — Standard 1 46 pupils. II 6 " " III 3 " " lY 1 " i REPORTS OX BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 431 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 An Indian building, very inconvenient, is used for school purposes. Miss Klippert did very well with this school, but her health failing, she left in May, and Kev. W. H. Pierce is teaching till another teacher can be secured. Not only the children, but their parents as well, are all anxious to be taught to read and write. GLEN VOWELL DAY SCHOOL (SALVATION ARMy). I inspected this school on May 11, and again on October 14. The teacher is Mr. J. P. Thorkildson. Twenty-four pupils were enrolled, with an average attend- ance of 17, and of these nine were present at inspection. Fair progress has been made since the former inspection. The pupils were graded thus: — Standard 1 8 pupils. " II 11 " '' 111 4 " " IV 1 " HAZELTON DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). I inspected this school on May 11, and on October 13. Miss E. J. Soal is the teacher, and 40 children were enrolled, with an average attendance of 18. Twenty- four were present at inspection. The children are graded as follows: — Standard 1 16 pupils. " II 7 " " III 5 " Ungraded 12 " Miss Soal is an experienced and excellent teacher, and the progress of her pupils is very satisfactory. FEASER AGENCY. SQUAMISH BO.^RDING SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIC). I inspected this school on June 9, and again on December 23. The staff con- sisted of Sister Mary Amy, principal; Sister M. Eugene, matron; Sister M. Felician, teacher; Sister M. Jerome, teacher; Sister M. Anatolie, cook; J. Vanier, gardener. Seventy-one pupils were enrolled, with 70 present at inspection. They were graded in the following manner: — Boys. Girls. Standard 1 14 16 II 2 5 " 111 7 3 " IV 0 9 V 5 5 " V 1 2 3 30 41 The examinations proved very satisfactory, the pupils answering most of the questions put to them in grammar, arithmetic, geography, iSrc. They also did well in drawing, writing, spelling and singing. The school is in a prosperous condition, the pupils being well taught and doing good work, and the school material is well cared for. 432 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Two acres are laid out in vegetable garden, orchard and flower garden, producing fine fruits and vegetables. The boys are taught painting, glazing, gardening and shoe-repairing, and the girls learn housekeeping in all its branches, and dressmaking. The children enjoy the best of health. The food, though plain, is plentiful and •wholesome, while the clothing is neat and suitable, and, as the building is connected with the city waterworks, they are supplied with pure water. The boys and girls are occasionally drilled for fire-protection and appliances are on hand for any emergency. At the iNorth Vancouver exhibition the pupils won several prizes with their handiwork. The children are polite, and show they are well trained. The buildings are all in good repair, the sisters are great workers, and the Sister Superior is a good manager. Satisfactory progress has been made in all branches of study during the year. SECHELT BOARDING SCHOOL (rO.MAX C.\TH0LIC). I inspected this school on June 10 and 11, 190S, and again on January 6 and 7, 1909. The staff comprised the following: Sister Theresine, principal; Sister St. Ouen, matron; Sister Vietorien, teacher; Sister Stephanus, teacher; Sister St. Denis, teacher; Sister Amelia, cook. Forty-five pupils were enrolled and two not formally enrolled, and all were present at inspection. They iwere graded as follows: — Boys. Girls. Standard I .7 11 II 4 G " III 4 5 " IV 5 0 V. 0 3 20 25 The pupils did very well in reading, spelling, geography, and writing, while in arithmetic and history they did fairly well. They appear to pay great attention to their lessons and progress is noticeable in all branches taught. The school-room is well equipped and the material in good order. They have an acre and a half cultivated as a vegetable garden, orchard and flower garden. Both boys and girls take an active part in the gardening. In the orchard the trees are doing splendidly. For a year, the boys have been instructed by Mr. Smith, in carpentry, painting, plumbing, and the mixing of cement, &c. Under his supervision they put up a 3 storey building, comprising cellars, workshop, laundry. 2 play-rooms, a store-room and a large drying-room. They also built a large stable and the work is all well done. The girls are taught all kinds of housework, and make their own clothing, and mend that of the boys. The health of the pupils has been remarkably good this year. The food is good and well prepared and the clothing warm and suitable. The school is in very good repair and all departments are kept scrupulously clean. The outbuildings have been added to and the work done in a creditable manner. The children have made wonderful progress since the school was opened and all of them now speak English well. The sisters in charge are doing excellent work. COQUALEETZA IXDlSTIilAI. IXSTITITE (METHODIST). T inspected this school twice during the year, on June 16, 17 and 18, and again in December 29 and 30. Boys. Girls. 25 6 6 12 10 9 9 11 5 1 3 1 1 REPORTS ON BOARDING A.VO INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 433 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The staff consisted of R. H. Cairns, principal; Miss F. M. Kinley, matron; Miss H. E. Young, assistant matron ; Miss M. Pittman, school teacher ; Miss L. Peregrine, school teacher; Miss E. S. Pike, cooking teacher; Miss A. E. Chamberlain, laundry- teacher; Miss M. E. Jefferis, sewing teacher; Charles Eeid, farmer; L. V. Masters, carpenter. Ninety-eight pupils were enrolled and 77 were present at inspection. The pupils were graded in the following manner : — Standard I II Ill IV V VI 58 40 The pupils are taking the full course as prescribed for the public schools of Bri- tish Columbia. They use English fluently and intelligently, and progress is being made in all school work. The reading, spelling, geography, arithmetic, and history have evidently been well taught in the senior grade. In the junior grade, excellent work is being done, and the pupils are always on the alert. The teacher has learned the secret of gaining and keeping the attention of her pupils. The half-day system is in vogue with the older pupils, while the younger children are in the class-room, both morning and afternoon. The farm products during the past season were very good, as the following will show, — 35 tons of hay, 20 tons of grain, 25 tons of potatoes, 60 tons of turnips and 4 tons of carrots. They ha\-e a very fine garden in which large quantities of fruit and vegetables were grown, viz. : 200 boxes of very fine apples, 2 tons of berries, 3 tons of tomatoes, 4,000 head of cabbage and cauliflower, besides large crops of onions, parsnips, rhubarb, celery, squash, vegetable-marrow, &c. There are 11 cows, 7 heifers, and 1 pedigreed Jersey bull, all looking well. They have also 6 horses (2 of which were getting old and would soon need to be replaced), and 12 hogs, just enough to eat the refuse and rough grain. The cows afford an abundance of millv for the use of the institution and during the past season large quantities were sent to the creamery. The milking is done by the boys. Some S or 10 of the boys have been learning the use of tools during the past season. One is learning blacksmithing at Sardis and is doing well. Others are good teamsters. In the sewing-room, laundry and kitchen, the girls are beiag well trained and do creditable work. They have 4 sewing-machines in use and make and mend their own clothing and some of that for the boys. The ventilation of the buildings is good, the Smead-Dowd system being almost perfect, when worked intelligently. The dormitories are provided with fire-escapes, and buckets, fire-axes, and barrels of water are placed in convenient positions in the upper halls. The building is so arranged that there are 4 means of exit by stairway, from the second floors. There is a very homelike atmosphere about this school and the pupils seem to be contented and eager to learn. The school is in a very satisfactory condition. YALE (all hallows) BOARDIKO SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). I inspected this school on June 29, 1908, and again on January 29, 1909. The staff consists of Sister Constance, principal; Sister Althea, C.A.H., vice principal ; 27— i— 28 434 DEPARTMENT OF iyDIA.\ AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Sister Marion, teacher; Miss L. Harris, teacher; Mrs. Dickson, matron; Mrs. Shaw and Miss marmer, instructors in industrial work. Twenty-nine pupils were enrolled and 27 were present at the inspection. The children were graded as follows: — Standard 1 2 pupils. II 5 " III 5 " IV 1 « V 3 " VI 3 " In reading, spelling, arithmetic, geography, and history the pupils did well, while their writing and drawing were very good. The time-table is well arranged and the programme of studies prescribed by the department, is generally followed. The class-rooms are well supplied with maps, blackboards, slates and all necessary books and other school material. The 4 acres of land attached to the school are laid out as a garden, in which vege- tables are grown for the school in large quantities, as well as great crops of cherries and small fruits. These latter, the pupils canned for winter use. The girls are taught all kinds of housework. They cut out and make their own garments and are also accomplished in fancy work. The pupils are taught basket- making, an old Indian woman who is a noted expert having taught them the peculiar stitch of the tribe. The girls at present in the school are in excellent health. The food is well cooked and of good quality, and the clothing neat and clean. The buildings have been improved and are now in a fair state of repair. The girls are very intelligent and some of them remarkably clever, and they are all well behaved. ST. M.\RY's B0.\RDING school (ROMAN CATHOLIC). At this school, which I inspected on September 4, the staff consisted of : Eev. J. P. O'Neill, O.M.I., principal; Rev. P. J. Collins, farm instructor and band master; Sister M. Benedict, matron ; Sister M. Rogation, boys' teacher ; Sister M. Monica, assistant boys' teacher; Sister M. Romuald, girls' teacher; Sister M. Veronica, assis- tant girls' teacher; Sister M. Pauline, cook in boys' school, and Sister M. Ovide, cook in girls' school. There were 68 pupils enrolled, of whom CO were present at inspection. They were graded in the following manner: — Boys. Girls. Standard 1 5 1 II 8 4 " III 11 13 " IV 4 12 " V 4 6 33 36 The reading, spelling, arithmetic, grammar, and history wore good, while writing and composition were very good. General farming, gardening, dairy work, elementary carpentery, and painting are taught the boys ; while in the girls' department, sewing, cooking, fancy-work, and gen- eral housework are taught. The farm contains about 300 acres, nearly 100 of which are under cultivation; 5 acres being in garden and orchard. i REPORTS O.V BOARDISG AXD IXDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 435 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 All kinds of roots necessary for table use and stock feeding are raised, and of grains, they have oats, wheat, peas; and hay. In addition to the vegetables grown in the garden, they have also fruit in abundance, all of which is kept for the use of the school. There are 38 head of stock, viz., 7 horses, C pigs, 15 milch cows, and 10 steers a'nd small calves. The accommodation for these is fairly good, several of the stables hav- ing been rebuilt this year. The school buildings are comfortable and in fairly good condition. Several of the rooms were painted during the year. Since they light the school by electricity there is not so much danger of fire. The new water sy.stem installed by the department works well and is a great improvement. The .school is well managed and all members of the staff are doing their best. KAMXOOPS— OKANAGAN AGENCY. LVTTOX 1NDUSTRI.\I. SCHOOL (CIIIRCH OF ENGLAND), I inspected this school on September 9, 10 and 11, 1908, The staff comprised Rev. Geo. Ditcham, principal; Thos. E. Smith, carpenter; Jessie May Dyer, matron; Sing, cook; and Lung, laundryman. Thirty-two pupils were enrolled — all boys, 28 being present at the examiaation. The classes are graded as follows: — Standard 1 8 boys. II " .. 0 " " III :. u " " IV 10 " V 14 " 32 The pupils speak English intelligently and read, spell and write very well. They do well also in history. The half-day system is followed. All necessary material, desks, maps, blackboards and slates, are sufficient and in good order. They have 140 acres of cultivated land and raised this year, 80 tons of hay, 20 tons of grain, 18 tons of roots, and 4 tons of fruit. Seven acres are in garden, roots, small fruits and tree fruits being grown in abundance. They picked several hundred boxes of verj- fine ijeaches, but the melon and tomato vines were destroyed by the wire worms. The stock consisted of 41 cattle, 23 sheep, 4 horses, and 30 hogs. All of these are well cared for and are extra fine stock. Four of the boys are doing carpentry work, building barns, and repairing gener- ally. The general health of the children is good, all of them appearing strong and well. The water-supjily, food and clothing are very good. In this beautiful climate the boys are able to jilay out-of-doors the year round. All of the buildings were in good repair and were neat and clean. A new bath-room has been built, and a stable with accommodation for 6 horses, and room for 12 tons of hay overhead, has been completed during the year. The boys are becoming quite bright and learn rapidly. They have greatly im- proved in their use of English since the former inspection. The New England Society is very generous to this school, which is well equipped in every way. 27— i— 28i 436 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIR.^ i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 The principal is a very energetic manager. The boys know how to handle the irrigating ditches, and gather and box the fruit ia a very workmanlike manner. LYTTOX DXY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). The teacher at this school is Miss Lily Blachford. She has 33 pupils enrolled, with an average attendance of 16, and 7 were present at my inspection on September 11, 1908. At the time of my visit, many of the children had gone with their parents to the hop-fields. They are all in the first standard. Miss Blachford is a good teacher, and good progress has been made with the raw material. KAMLOOPS INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLlc). I inspected this school on September 16, IT and 18, 1908. The stafi consisted of Eev. A. M. Carion, principal; L. Viel, carpenter; Sister M. Paula, girls' teacher ; Sister M. Amelia, boys' teacher; Sister M. Eose, seamstress; and Sister M. Michael, cook. Twenty-nine boys and 34 girls were enrolled, all of whom were present at the examination. They were graded thus: — Boys. Girls. Standard I 9 10 « II 9 5 " in 3 0 " IV 6 11 « V 2 5 " VI 0 3 29 34 I examined the pupils in reading, writing, spelling, arithmetic, geography, grammar and Canadian history. The older pupils did well in all studies, using Eng- lish intelligently, and being able to give from memory a good synopsis of the stories read. Very satisfactory progress had been made during the year and 11 new pupils had received a good start in the primary department. The land is so poor that only about 15 acres can be cultivated, and for this they are obliged to pump water from the Thompson river for irrigating purposes. Alfalfa is the only crop raised. They had some good potatoes, but the other vege- tables were partly destroyed by the grasshoppers and wire worms. The live stock consists of four horses, one bull, six cows and four calves. The elder boys attend to the repairing of the buildings, and during the year repaired the stone wall around the garden, and the bake-oven, making a very good job of it. Four of the boys mend the shoes for the children. The girls are taught cooking, baking, sewing, knitting and all ordinary house- keeping. They cut out and make their own dresses, besides making many garments for the boys. The pupils were all neatly clothed, the girls particularly so, and all were very clean. I saw the pupils at their meals and noticed that the food was good, well cooked and abundant. The water for the house is good, being pumped by gasoline engines from the Thompson river, and the drains are in a satisfactory condition. The buildings are in a fair state of repair, are clean, with everything in good order, and the school is doing satisfactory work. 1 REPORTS O.V BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 437 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 WILLIAMS LAKE AGENCY. WILLIAMS LAKE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIC). I visited this school in November and inspected from the 24th to the 29th inclu- sive. The staff comprised the following: Rev. H. Boening, principal; Rev. J. D. Chiappini, instructor in agriculture; J. J. Swain, carpenter; Sister Euphrasia, matron and teacher of large boys; Sister Seraphim, teacher of small boys; Sister Gabriel, teacher of large girls; Sister Octavia, teacher of small girls; Sister Eabian, cook; Sister Eloid, assistant cook; and Sister M. Assumption, seamstress. Fifty-eight pupils were enrolled and five not yet formally enrolled, making 63 in all, and of these 53 were present. The pupils were graded in the following manner: — Boys. Girls. Standard 1 2 2 " II 4 2 " III 7 19 •' IV 5 7 V 8 7 26 37 On examining the children in reading, spelling, grammar, arithmetic, geography, history and drawing, I found they had made satisfactory progress. Answers to all questions were given intelligently and with animation. I would particularly men- tion the eight children from Stuart's Lake. Their progress is reaUy marvellous. The programme of studies prescribed by the department is strictly adhered to, and the children spend four hours daily at study and four hours at work, equally divided between the forenoon and afternoon. The floors in the school-rooms in both boys' and girls' departments have been fainted during the year. They are now completely up-to-date, clean, well ventilated, well heated and furnished with all necessary material. All the land connected with this school belongs to the corporation of O. M. I., in all about 4,300 acres, of which 500 are under cultivation, the rest being grazing, timber and and wild lands. The crops raised last season consisted of 12 tons of wheat, 10 tons of oats, 1 ton of barley, and 400 tons of hay. About 6 acres are in garden, in which they raised 30 tons of potatoes, 1 ton of carrots, 1 of cabbages, also onions, pease, beans and other vegetables in various quantities. Small fruits, such as strawberries, raspberries, black and red currants, are exten- sively grown. For 3 or 4 years, apple trees have been planted and are very promising. The live stock consists of 30 horses, 418 cattle, including calves, and 25 pigs. The accommodation for these is very good. A number of boys are being taught carpentry, and like it. One who comes from Stuart's Lake, about 300 miles distant, where no school exists as yet, shows great ability in learning the trade. He also attends to the mending of the footwear of the boys and girls, doing it in a very creditable manner. Four of the other boys, during the months of August, Sep- tember and October, painted all of the most important floors in the boys' and girls' departments, and of the different dining-rooms. The girls receive training in all branches of domestic work, and nearly all of the clothing used at this institution is made by them. The health of the children at this school is exceptionally good. I noticed when they were at their meals that the food was plentiful and well served. A beef is killed every ninth or tenth day, so that the meat is always fresh, while the vegetables are plentiful and excellent. 438 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Both boys and girls wear good, clean, and warm clothing. I examined the stores on hand, and found a good supply of everything, and of good quality. The drainage, water-supply and ventilation were good. The buildings I found in good repair, the dormitories, school-rooms, kitchen, and dining-rooms, &c., being all very clean. During the period of inspection, the pupils gave a programme of action songs and exercises, all of which they rendered in good form. The whole staff is very energetic and I consider that the school is doing excellent work, and deserves to be congratulated and encouraged. KOOTENAY AGENCY. KOOTEN.W IXDl'STRIAL SCHOOL (ROSIAK C.\TH0[,IC). This school, which is situated at St. Eugene Mission, near St. Mary's reserve, was inspected on December 14 and 15, 1908. The members of the efficient staff were : — Rev. J. Wagner, O.M.I., principal; Sister Mary Dolores, superior; Sister Justinian, girls' matroii and seamstress; Sister Philomena, assistant seamstress; Sister Gervais, boys' matron and seamstress; Sister Angelica, girls' teacher; Sister Theophane, boys' teacher; Sister Foucault, cook; Mr. A. Fiudlay, farm instructor and carpenter; and Mr. P. E. Corrison, band master. Fifty pupils were enrolled and were all present at the examination as well as 13 who were not yet formally enrolled, making 63 in all. They were graded thus : — • Standard 1 14 pupils. II 8 " « III 16 " " IV 8 " V 4 " 50 The 13 children, not enrolled, who are awaiting admission, are in standard I. The reading, spelling, arithmetic, writing, geography and drawing were very satisfac- tory, much progress having been made during the year. The hundred and eighty-four acres of land under cultivation are divided as fol- lows : — 2 in vegetable garden, 2 in orchard, 2 in potato garden, 7 acres of grain field, 5 acres in meadow, 116 acres of pasture land and 50 acres of hay land. The crops this year were 112 tons of hay, 12 tons of potatoes, 300 bushels of oats, 10 tons of mangel wurzel, a great quantity of small fruit and 500 bushels of apples. The farm is in good condition. In the garden they raised an abundant supply of vegetables, such as cab- bage, turnips, carrots, beets, onions, lettuce, radish, celery, &c. They have 7 horses, 14 milch oows, 85 head of cattle, and 15 pigs, all of which are properly accommodated. The boys do the milking, but the girls attend to the dairy work. Jriutter is made during the entire year, and none is sold, all being consumed in the institution. The boys repair their own shoes and occasionally mend the harness. Under the supervision of a sister, the girls in turn, attend to the sewing, cooking, baking, butter-making and laundrying, some of them attaining great proficiency in these departments. The food is plentiful and wholesome and their clothing neat and suitable. The water works are very satisfactory, but the ventilation is not very good, as the build- ings are low and poor. For ])rotection against fire, ladders, axes and hose are kept in convenient places and drill is occasionally held. i REPORTS ON BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 439 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 I visited some of the ex-pupils, who show that they have profited by the education and training- received. The boys are mostly engaged in farming, and nearly all have enough knowledge of carpentry to build their own houses and keep their places in re- pair. The girls keep their homes neat and their children are clean and tidy. They are a great improvement over the village girls who have not been to school. I was well satisfied with the school. They have an excellent staff, and I found everything, except the buildings, in a prosperous condition and they do the best they can with these. WEST COAST AGENCY. ALBERNI BOARDING SCHOOL (pRESBYTERIAN). This school was inspected twice during the year, on June 23, 24 and 25, 1908, and on February 19 and 20, 1909. Jas. R. Motion is the principal, other members of the staff being, H. G. Motion, matron; C. E. Guillod, teacher; Jean Stevens, assistant matron. Lily Ilaslam (ex-pupil Xo. 024) who held the position of laundress, retired in July and is now married to Hamilton George (ex-pupil No. 20). There are 23 boys and 25 girls enrolled, making a total of 48, of whom 47 were present at the examinations. The children w^ere graded as follows: — Boys. Girls. Standard 1 7 5 II 4 5 " III 0 8 " IV 5 5 " V 7 2 23 25 The reading, spelling, arithmetic, geography and writing were very good. Intelli- gent answers to questions asked, proved that they understood the lessons read. Their drawing was also good, and their written examinations very creditable. Their knowl- edge of English has increased considerably, and in all branches reasonable and satis- factory progress has been made during the year. Miss Guillod, daughter of the late agent, is the teacher and takes a keen interest in the work of the school. The half-day system is followed, and the equipment of the class-room is good and sufficient. There are 156 acres in connection with the school, 6 acres being imder cultiva- tion. A pasture field adjoining, is rented. A small piece of land was in oats, and yielded about 2 tons, while the rest of the cultivated land was planted in potatoes and vegetables, the potatoes yielding about 10 or 12 tons. In the garden, all kinds of vege- tables are grown, as well as a variety of small fruits, and some tree fruits. The school possesses 3 cows and a calf. A good frame stable has been built, measuring 20 x 36 feet, with a large loft, which will give splendid accommodation for live stock for some time to come. Under the supervision of the principal, the boys attend to the repairs about the premises, as well as assisting in the building of the stable. They have the care of the stock, and help in the kitchen. The girls are taught cooking and general housework, which includes laundry work, and the care of the dormitories and bed-rooms. Sewing in its different branches is also taught; the girls attending to the repair- ing of the clothing for both boys and girls. 440 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 The food is of good quality and sufficient, and the children are well clothed. A grant of $250 has been given by the church to renew the plumbing and sewers; an action which will make a great improvement in the sanitary arrangements. The water is good, but owing to the heavy frost, the pipes from the large tank were frozen, some of the piping being also split. The drainage is good, and as the dormitories and dining-rooms have large win- dows and high ceilings, the ventilation is well attended to. With the exception of the class-room, the buildings are in good repair. A new class-room is urgently needed, the building being altogether too cold during the winter, and uncomfortable alike for pupils and teacher. The pupils appear to be happy and contented in the school, evincing a willing- ness to study, so that the staff have much to encourage them in their work. AHOUS.\HT BOARDING SCHOOL (PRESBYTERIAX). I inspected this school on February 22, 23 and 24, 1909. The staff consisted of Rev. J. L. Millar, B.A., principal; Miss D. C. McKay, teacher; Miss J. McNeil, mat- ron; Miss N. Perkins, assistant matron. Forty pupils were enrolled, 39 being present at the examinations. The children were graded in the following manner: — Standard I II Ill IV ;" V 24 16 In both oral and written examinations the results were very satisfactory. The children show an increasing knowledge of English and the examinations proved that progress had been made in all branches during the year. There are 2 sessions of school daily, with about 45 minutes of preparation in the evening. The class-rooms are supplied with all necessary material. The acreage reclaimed through the draining of the lake during the past 2 years, yielded about 4 tons of hay, oats and corn last season. In the 4 acre garden, all the ordinary vegetables are grown. Nine boys are learning carpentry. The principal is a genius with tools and can do nearly every kind of mechanical work. Under his direction, the boys built a first- class, 22J foot launch with cabin, and equipped with a 3 H.P. International gasoline engine for the convenience of the school in travelling and towing. They also erected a barn, 18 x 26 feet, and a hen-house, 16 x 17 feet, all the work being done in a credi- table manner. The boys also do the shoe-repairing, plumbing, and blacksmithiug. The girls assist in the cooking, baking and laundry, and do fancy-work and house- work in general. They are cheerful at their work and diligent. The food is good, sufficient, and that it was properly served I could see for my- self. The clothing is suitable and neat. The dormitories are on the sheltered side of the building, thus permitting the windows to be kept open, continually admitting abundance of fresh air. There have been two Christian marriages from among the ex-pupils during the year and they have established nice little homes on the reserve. The buildings are in good condition, but a workshop is very much needed. The children are obedient and willing to be taught, and the staff are working harmoniously to realize the best results for them. As it had been about a year since Boys. Girls. 9 4 3 1 1 2 9 6 2 3 d REPORTS ON BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 441 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 I last visited the school, I observed a marked advancement among the pupils present then. The relations between the rancherie and the school are very friendly, having greatly improved from what they were two years ago. CLAYOQUOT INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIC'). This school, which I inspected on February 25 and 26, 1909, has an efficient staff in Eev. P. Maurus, O.S.B., principal; Mr. Geo. Sturmer, trade instructor; Sister M. Piacide, teacher; Sister M. Clara, cook; Sister M. CJlotilde, seamstress; Sister M. Elizabeth, laundress. Thirty-two boys and 33 girls were enrolled, all being present at the inspection. They were graded as follows: — Standard 1 18 pupils. II 10 " " III 10 " " IV 16 " " V 5 " " VI 6 « 65 " I examined the children in reading, spelling, history, arithmetic, geography and penmanship, in all of which they did well. I noticed a marked improvement in their reading and speaking of English. In arithmetic they solved a number of problems in fractions and measurements in a most satisfactory manner. Their writing is excellent. The time-table is well arranged, and all necessary school supplies are on hand and properly taken care of. The land belonging to the school consists of 1Y5 acres, very heavily timbered. About one acre has been cleared during the year, which represents a great amount of manual labour. So there are about three or four acres, in the different patches,^ now under cultivation. They have six milk cows, one bull and one calf. The accommodation for these is fairly good, but is only temporary. They have also about 75 fowls. Twelve boys, under the .supervision of the trades instructor, had, during the year, moved the large wood-shed, built a new boat, ceiled the attic rooms, besides attending to all the repairs. At the time of my visit they iwere completing a new laundry, 60 x 26 feet. The work in progress and that completed were done in a credit- able manner. The girls are taught cooking and baking in all its different branches, and are employed in the laundry and .^^ewing-room. For themselves and the boys they had made 249 garments, as well as a great amount of underwear. The heaiui of the pupils has been exceptionally good during the year. The clothing is neat and appropriate to the different seasons, and the food is of good quality and sufficient. The water is pure and plentiful, and the frost, though .severe, did no damage. The drainage is very good, as is also the ventilation. For protection against fire, they have 10 fire-extinguishers, two dozen fire-pails, two axis, and 200 feet of 2-inch hose. Fire-escapes are provided outside, and there is a good water pressure. The buildings are in good repair, many noticeable improvements having been made during the year. 442 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 The pupils are well behaved and eag-er to learn, and I considered that reason- able and satisfactory advancement had been made in every department. The school is well managed, and all members of the staff are devoted to their •work. CLAYOQUOT DAY SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIC). I inspected this school on February 20. Rev. Chas. Moser is the teacher. Twenty pupils are enrolled, with an average attendance of eight. Twelve were pre- sent at inspection. Tlie children are attending a little better, but there is still room for improvement. Considering the irregularity of attendance, fair progress has been made. The ap- pearance of the school-room has been greatly improved. The jjupils are graded in the following manner: — Standard 1 16 pupils. II 0 " III 3 " Ungraded 3 " 20 KWAWKEWLTH AGENCY. ALERT BAY INDUSTMAL SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). I visited this institution twice during the year, on August 21 and 22, 1908, and again on February 3, 4 and 5, 1909. On the latter occasion I was accompanied by Agent Halliday. A. W. Corker is the principal, the other members of the staff being Mrs. Corker, honorary matron; Miss Warrener, assistant matron; George Green, trade instructor; George Luther, teacher; -and Ah David, cook. Thirty boys were enrolled and 22 were present at the time of my inspection. Six had not returned since the summer holidays. They were graded as follows : — Standard 1 2 pupils. II 6 " " HI 3 " " IV 6 " V 4 " " VI 1 " 22 In their examinations, the progress they had made during the year was evident. Their oral work was fair, and in arithmetic, the first and second grades did very well. In their use of English, they have all improved remarkably. The class-room is very small, when the full number of boys are in residence. About 3 acres are cultivated and used for pasturage, and about 2 tons of hay were harvested last season. Enough vegetables are grown for the use of the school, with the exception of potatoes, of which there were just IJ tons. Half an acre is in small fruits. Two cows are kept for the use of the school. Ten boys are learning carpentry, taking turns, 4 at a time in working with the. trades instructor. i REPORTS O.V BOARDiyO A^D INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 443 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The food is of good quality and sufficient and is well prepared and served. The health of the boys is good and their clothing suitable. Their Sunday clothes are very good, but the every-day clothing was getting rather shabby; at the time of inspection new ones were being made by the staff. The water-supply is good, but a new force-pump is necessary. The drainage is fair. The ventilation of the building is well attended to. The pupils are not only willing, but anxious to be taught. They take a keen in- terest in all the class-room studies and the results are very encouraging to the staff. The grant of $500 has been wisely expended on material for the dormitory — bed- steads, blankets. &c., and new copper and bricks that were greatly needed. The principal and his stuff are working harmoniously and with zeal, for the good of the Indian children committed to their charge. ALERT BAY DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ESGLAXd). This school was inspected on August 21, 1908, and again on February 5, 1909, Frank Nelson, an educated native, is the teacher, and so far has done well. Twenty-six pupils were enrolled with an average attendance of 7, and 21 were present at the time of inspection. They are graded thus : — Standard 1 20 pupils. II 4 " " III 2 " 26 Considering the irregular attendance, these children have made reasonable pro- gress. GWAYASDUMS DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF EXOLAXD). This school was inspected on August 21, 1908, and on February 5, 1909. Mr. F. Comby teaches this school, and has 27 pupils enrolled, with an average attendance of 7. Ten were present at inspection. The children were graded in the following manner: — Standard 1 10 pupils. II 6 " " III 4 " " IV 1 " Ungraded *> 27 Considering that they are away from the village so much, the children have made satisfactory progress. The school-house is poor. CAPE MUDGE DAY SCHOOL (METHODIST). I visited this school in February, 1909. Eight children were present, out of 14 enrolled. The average attendance is 7. Mr. J. E. Rendle is the teacher and missionary. The nice little school-house is well situated. 444 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS I 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Two pupils could read fairly well. The people move about so much that but lit- tle progress is made. They were graded as follows: — Standard 1 6 pupils. II 5 " " III 2 " Ungraded 1 " 14 COWICHAN AGENCY. SUPER ISLAND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIC). On August 25 and 26, 1908, I visited this school on a tour of inspection. The members of the staff were: Rev. P. Claessen, principal; Eev. W. Lemmens, teacher; Rev. Father Laehance, assistant teacher; J. Lecrom, trades' instructor; A. Renault, assistant instructor; Sister M. Evariste, matron; Sister M. Albert, assistant matron ; Sister M. Cornelius, teacher; and Sister M. Emiliana, cook. Eighty-two pupils were enrolled and Y5 were present at inspection. The pupils were graded in the following manner: — • Standard 1 10 pupils. II 15 " " III 10 " IV 16 " " V 9 " " VI 15 " 75 The programme of studies advised by the department is followed. The girls* class-room is bright, cheerful and well equipped with material, with the exception of the desks, which are very poor. The boys' class-room is very poor, but is fairly well equipped with all necessary material. The crops were good, although they suffered slightly from lack of rain. The pupils were threshing grain at the time I arrived at the school. The boys are all taught to do farm work and appear very happy at it, especially vrhen working with the horses or caring for the cattle. There is a very fine garden in which all vegetables needed for the school's use are grown, as well as a large amount of fruit. Just previous to my visit they had harvested 30 sacks of oats, 50 sacks of wheat, and 30 tons of timothy hay. There were 3 horses, 11 cows, 1 bull, 1 young steer, and 7 pigs, all of which looked well. They have also 100 chickens. The boys do the milking and attend to the dairy work, and 6 of them have regular instruction in carpentry. The girls are taught hand and machine sewing and general housework. Each girl has a little flower garden of her own. The children all looked strong and healthy. I saw them at their meals and no- ticed that the food was plentiful and good. The water-supply is good, but the ventilation is very poor, although as good as can be expected in these old buildings. The windows are kept open at all times. For fighting fire, there are ladders, axes, fire-buckets, hose, and chemical extin- guishers. "■« I 1 REPORTS O.V BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 445 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 The large deficit at this school has been caused by their taking 30 pupils over and above the 50 authorized by the department, the grant being for only 50 children. The buildings are in poor condition and the foundations are decaying. Inside they are clean, but new buildings with better sanitary arrangements are needed. NANAIMO DAY SCHOOL (METHODIST). I inspected this school on June 26, 1908, and found 22 children enrolled, with an average attendance of 15. Fourteen were present the day I arrived. Mr. W. J. Knott is the teacher, and the children have made great progress during the year. They attend regularly. I visited the village again in January, 1909, but found the school closed on account of small-pox on the reserve. The children were graded as follows: Standard 1 12 pupils. II 4 " III 6 " 22 SONGHEES DAY SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIC). Sister Mary Berchmans is the teacher at this school, which I visited on October 22, 1908. Nineteen pupils were enrolled and the average attendance was 8. At the inspection 16 were present. The grading of the pupils was as follows: — Standard 1 6 pupils. II 3 " III 3 " IV 2 " " V 2 " Ungraded 3 " 19 " The school-house is clean and neat, flowers and pictures making it bright and attractive. The children did exceedingly well in all subjects. The teacher does ex- cellent work. The children are clean, well dressed and would compare favourably with white children in any public school. GENERAL REMARKS. Tsartlip, Somenos, Quamiehan and Saanich day schools were closed at the time I visited the reserves. NORTHWEST COAST AGENCY. PORT E3SINGT0N DAY SCHOOL (mETHODIST). I inspected this school on October 16, 1908. Miss K. Tranter has taught this school for 19 years and is a successful teacher, doing excellent work. There are 30 children of school age on the reserve, all of whom are enrolled, with an average attendance of 15. Nine pupils, all of whom were home at the time of my visit, were present at the inspection. The children had just gone with their parents to a fishing camp for a few days. Those present did well in all branches. They were graded thus : — 446 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Standard 1 14 pupils. II 6 •' III 8 " IV 1 " " V 1 «' 30 PORT SIMPSON DAY SCHOOL (METHODIST). I inspected this school on November 2, 1908, and again in March, 19U9. One hundred and twelve pupils are enrolled with an average attendance of 26. Thirty- three vrere present at the inspection. Mr. Lionel Dineen. is the teacher. Only fair progress is being made. There is great room for improvement and the teacher is working hard to secure better results. The pupils are graded as follows : — Standard 1 27 pupils. II 12 " III 3 " IV 4 " Ungraded 66 " I 112 PORT SIMPSON BOYS BOARDING SCHOOL (METHODIST). This school I visited in November, 1908, and inspected again on March 17 and 18, 1909. The staff comprises : — Rev. G. H. Raley, principal ; L. Dineen, vice-prin- cipal; Miss A. Honeywell, matron; Miss Dallimore, assistant matron. Twenty-six pupils were enrolled, and 20 were present at the time of my visit. They were graded as follows: — Standard 1 16 pupils. II 3 " " III 4 " " IV 2 " V 1 « 26 The school-room is fairly well equipped, but the boys seem to be hard on material. The boys do the general repairing about the school building, and are learning boit-building; they also do Indian carving. Reasonable and satisfactory progress had been made during the year. The buildings have been re-shingled and are much improved. All parts of the building were clean. PORT SIMPSON (CROSBY) GIRLS' HOME BOARDING SCHOOL (WETHODIST). At this school, which I visited on November 3 and 4, 190S, and again on March 15, 16 and 19, 1909. the staff consists of Miss Hannah M. Paul, principal and teacher; Miss Frances E. Hudson, matron; Miss Sarah E. Scholefield, sewing teacher; and Lottie M. Deacon, assistant matron. Miss Ida M. Clarke held the position of matron until February, but has gone on furlough, and Miss F. E. Hudson is taking her place. i REPORTS OX BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 4/Sl SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Forty-four girls were eiirollt'il, of whom 43 were present at inspection. The pupils were graded in the following manner: — Standard 1 5 girls. II 13 " " III 8 " ■• IV 11 " V G " 43 " The children did well in the following subjects, viz., reading, spelling, arithmetic, geography, grammar, nature study and English literature. The smaller girls are tauarht by the phonic method. The pupils are also taught music and drawing. During the inspection they all took part in a musical programme, which was well rendered. In addition to the class-room work, the girls are taught sewing, baking, dress- making, laundry work, and have the care of the dormitories, &c. A cooking class for the brger girls is being conducted by Miss Deacon every Friday afternoon, according to the best methods used in the schools of domestic science. I was pre- sent at this class, and noticed that the food was prepared and cooked by the girls in a very creditable manner. The sanitation at this school has been much improved, and with a few e.xceptiMis the health of the girls has been good. The food is sufficient, of excellent quality and well prepared, while the clothing is su'table, warm and neat. The water is good, except in times of severe frost. On account of the excep- tionally extreme cold this winter they had to carry water for about two months. The drainage is good, and all sewage is carried to the beach. The rooms are well ventihited by the fresh air from the furnace, open windows, and the ventilators in the attic. f I cons'der that an iron fire-escape is very necessary, as there is only one stair- way to this three-storey building, and in case of fire near the stairs, escape from the top storey might b^ impossible. The discipline is firm but kind, and the rules of the school iwell observed. The buildings are in good repair, and I am informed that a larger play-room is to be built this summer. From dormitory to basement everything was perfectly clean. The oupils are bright, and appear willing to be taught, and the results are tencouraging o the staff, as every year the girls are growing in intelligence, interest, rand in general knowledge. The various member? of the staff are very energetic in the discharge of their duties, and good work is being done. KiyCOUTH DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). _ This school, which is on the Nass river, I inspected in November, 1908, and again on March 22, 1909. The teacher is Miss Emily C. CoUison. There are 55 children of school age on the reserve, all of whom are enrolled, the average attendance for 3 months being 39. Seventeen children were present at the inspection. The Indians were out fishing for oulachons and many of the children had accompanied them. Those present did well in all the usual subjects, and have made good progress. Miss Collison is doing well in the school, but a better building is required. The material is well taken care of. 448 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 1 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 . Tho pupils are graded as follows : — Standard 1 25 pupils. II 6 " " III 9 " « IV 6 " V T " Ungraded 2 " 55 METLAKATLA DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). On November 6. 1908, and on March 38, 1909, I visited this school, finding 45 children of school age on the reserve, 43 of them being enrolled, with an average at- tendance of 25. The 2 who were of school age, not on the register, were ill. The pupils were graded as follows : — Standard 1 16 pupils. II 12 " " III 9 " " IV 4 " " V 0 '• " VI 2 " 43 The new school-house and furniture is well looked after, and the children are bright and clean. Reading, spelling, arithmetic, geography, history and writing, were very good. The school is a credit to Miss Jackson, the energetic teacher, and has im- proved greatly during the year. The Rev. Mr. Keen takes great interest in assisting the school. KITKATLA DAY SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). Miss ^Marguerite Temple Gurd, is the teacher at this school, which I visited oa March 25, 1909. Forty-one children were enrolled, graded as follows : — Standard 1 8 pupils. " II 10 " " III 15 " " IV 5 " 41 An old mission house is being used for the school, but a better building and some furniture is required. The pupils do very well in writing, reading, arithmetic, spell- ing and geography. They sing nicely and are making satisfactory progress. The children are clean, obedient, and well behaved. BELLA BELLA DAY SCHOOL (METHODIST). I inspected this school on November 10 and 11, and found .31 pupils present — 21 boys and 10 girls. Sixty pupils were enrolled, with an average attendance of 26. The pupils were graded as follows : — Standard 1 26 pupils. "11 16 " " III 13 " " IV 5 " 60 il REPORTS ON BOARDING AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS 449 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 -Miss Carrie S. Kush is an excellent teacher, and the school-house is kept bright, clean, and attractive. The children are quick to learn, but so many are away from the village all summer and the irregularity of the pupils makes the work difficult. They did fairly well in reading, spelling, arithmetic, geography and writing. In drawing and singing, they were very good. Five of the most advanced pupils had gone to the Coqualeetza industrial school. MASSETT D.W SCHOOL (CHURCH OF ENGLAND). This school is on the Queen Charlotte Islands, and was inspected on March 27, 1909. There were 57 children of school age on the reserve, 54 of whom were enrolled, with an average attendance of 2G. The pupils were graded as follows : — Standard 1 24 pupils. II 14 " " ni 10 " " IV 6 " 54 " The children are punctual, and the furniture and material are well cared for. The fin^new school-house is kept nice and clean. Henry Edenshaw, a native, is the teacher, and is assisted by his daughter. The children are making some progress. The Rev. Wm. Collisou superintends and directs the work. SKIDEGATE DAT SCHOOL ( METHODIST). This school, which is on the Queen Charlotte Islands, I visited on March 29, 1909. There are .32 children of school age on the reserve, 15 boys and 17 girls. Twenty-seven are enrolled, with an average attendance of 14. On the day of inspec- tion, 18 were present. Ten who formerly attended this school are now in an industrial school. Peter Kelly, an ex-pupil of Coqualeetza industrial school, is the teacher, and ha:; a high school entrance certificate. He makes a good teacher, and takes great interest in his iwork. The children did very well in reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic and geography. A very old house is used as a school building, and a new school-hou.se is badly needed. The children speak out distinctly and have a good grasp of their lessons, and the work of the .school is very satisfactory. ATLIN DAY SCHOOL (ROMAN CATHOLIC). I inspected this school on July 17, 1908, and found 14 boys and 10 girls enrolled, all of whom were of school age. The Rev. Father Allard is the teacher, and is doing excellent work. This is a new school, having been opened but a year, and for the time they had attended, the children had made remarkable progress. I heard tlicm read, spell and count, and saw their writing. They were begin-, ning to understand quite a little English, and were very well-behaved. The school was held in a rented house. The Indians here appear very anxious that their children should attend school. 27— i— 29 450 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS i 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 CARCROSS BOARDING SCHOOL, YUKON TERRITORY (CHURCII OF ENGLAND). I also visited the Carcross boarding school, Yukon Territory, on July 16, 1908, and found 18 pupils, 10 boys and 8 girls enrolled, all of whom were present at inspec- tion. The staff consisted of Rev. Mr. Hawksly, principal; Miss Ellis, matron; Miss Hutchison, teacher; and Miss Thompson, teacher. The pupils were in the first, second and third standards. Very satisfactory pro- gress had been made in reading, writing, arithmetic, geography and spelling, and by questioning I found they were becoming very well acquainted ' with thet Eagjl'ish language, considering that the majority of the pupils have only been two years at the school. Two sessions are held daily, and the programme of studies prescribed by the de- partment is followed. The present equipment of the class-room is totally inadequate, as they have only rough tables and poor accommodation generally. Books, slates, blackboards, maps, as well as general school furniture, are needed. There is no farming, but a little gardening is done. The boys cut wood, fish, and do the general chores about the building, while the girls are taught such domestic duties as sewing, cooking, bread-making, washing, &c. In the garden, potatoes, turnips, carrots, lettuce and radishes, &c., are grown and were doing well at the time of my visit. The health of the children is very good, the excellent climate evidently having a most beneficial effect upon the natives. Beef, mutton, moose, caribou and fish are largely used, in addition to other good and wholesome foods, and the children all looked well nourished. The clothing was neat and Suitable to the climate. The water-supply, which is plentiful and good, is obtained from Lake Bennett. Ventilation is very good and the drainage fair, sanitary precautions being taken to preserve health. For protection against fire, barrels are kept filled with water, and ladders kept in position to afford an exit from the dormitories. The present buildings are far too small and unsuitable. Larger and better build- ings are urgently required. Those they have are in fairly good repair, btit unfitted for school purposes, not having been built originally for a school. This appears to be a good site for a fair-sized school, and with larger and more convenient buildings, and suitable equipment, much good work can be done for the Indians of the Yukon. GENERAL REMARKS. Looking over the schools as a whole, considerable progress has been made, and the Indians are appreciating the value of them more than ever before, and the pupils are more contented. Much of my time during the year was taken up with special work, as directed by the department — the month of April in closing up the Metlakatla industrial school; July and August, with Superintendent Vowell visiting the Indians of the Yukon Territory; and visiting the Thompson river tribes in September. Reports on all these have already been forwarded to the department. Notwithstanding this extra labour, with two or three exceptions, I have visited every school in the inspectorate. I have, &c., A. E. GREEN, Inspector. 9-10 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 A. 1910 PART II TABULAE STATEMENTS 27— ii— 1 DEPARTMEST OF JXDIAN AFFAIRS ii 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 SCHOOL Statement of Day Schools ia the Dominion (from which Returns Note ; — The ' Standard ', indicates the classification of the pupils according to the reading-book the curriculum ; thus : — Standard I First Reader, Part I II Part II .1 III Second Reader. School. Ontario. *Abitibi Albany Mission (C. E.). . Alnwick. Back Settlement Bear Creek Cape Croker Christian Island French Bay Garden River (R. C). ... ., (C.E.).... Garden \ illage . . Georgina Island Gibson Golden Lake Goulais Bay tvley . . . . L' ndenominational Roman Catholic . . Undenominational Roman Catholic . . Undenominational Church of England Roman Catholic . . Undenominational Roman Catholic . Church of England Methodist Undenominational Church of England I^ndenominational Church of England Methodist Roman Catholic . . White school attended by the Indian children. fClosed during the March quarter, 1909, no teacher. Closed during the September quarter, 1908, no teacher. II Open during the summer only. SCHOOL STATEMENT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 STATEMENT— Co»/tK«erf. Returns have been received) for the Fiscal-Year ended March 31, 1909. NlMBEK ON R LL. 8 c Stan ).\RD. c ^ - School. 9 I II III IV V VI >, 3 M 5 H < Onta mo—Cmicluded^ 18 18 36 15 15 9 11 1 River Settlement. 10 14 24 10 8 8 5 3 Ryerson. 13 13 26 15 11 8 3 3 1 Sagamook. 10 10 20 13 9 3 4 1 1 Saugeen. 17 15 32 20 13 11 2 3 3 Scotch Settlnnent. y 3 12 7 10 2 *Scugog. Serpent River. 10 15 25 12 2 13 S 2 8 9 17 11 5 5 5 2 *Shannonville. 19 16 35 13 14 11 1 2 1 Shawanaga. 9 8 17 6 10 4 2 .1 Sheguiandah. 12 10 1 28 2 16 2 17 5 . ... 4 1 2 1 Sheshegwaning. *Siiider and Waters, SS. Nc. 1. 1 H 4 10 6 5 2 3 tSidney Bay. 31 29 60 26 33 5 il 12 1 Six Nations No. 1. 40 56 96 52 54 10 13 11 b No. 2. 28 29 57 26 29 8 14 5 1 No. 3. 18 8 26 18 / 11 3 5 No. 5. 12 10 22 10 4 4 5 9 No. 0. 40 50 90 37 70 4 4 7 5 No. 7. 16 19 35 17 17 9 8 1 No. 9. .SI 30 61 20 21 23 11 5 1 No. 10. 22 13 35 15 13 5 10 4 3 No. 11. 24 26 50 21 17 7 14 8 4 " Thoma:*. 5 5 10 fi 6 1 3 Skene. 17 18 35 22 19 4 6 3 3 Sontli Bay. 6 7 13 5 10 1 2 Spanish River. 12 19 31 IS 16 6 6 3 St. Clair. 5 5 4 10 9 0 5 7 4 3 •7 3 5 +Sncker Cr^ek. 15 10 25 10 10 10 S 2 11 Teniogaini. 35 24 59 10 32 8 14 3 2 Tyendinaga (Eastern). 17 9 26 13 t 4 10 3 2 (Western). 20 22 42 13 13 5 15 6 3 (Central). 24 19 43 23 21 10 t 5 " (MisBion). 17 24 41 19 19 15 2 3 2 Walpole Island, No. 1. IH 16 29 15 20 5 4 No. 2. 15 21 36 18 14 11 9 2 West Bav. 9 13 22 16 12 5 5 Whitefish Lake. 20 20 10 20 13 13 (; 12 1 i " (Girkl. 11 12 23 14 4 8 6 5 Wikwemikongsing. Total, Ontario. 1,238 1.183 2,421 1,201 1,220 489 414 223 75 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 SCHOOL Statement of Day Schools in the Dominion (from which Returns School. Qdebec. Bersimis Caughnawaga ( Boys) (Oirls). (Bushl. .. , Lillie R. White. II Jessie V. Wood- ineton • I Berthe Potvin. . Sr. Mary of the Holy Rosai'v Henry L. Masta ... Rev. Sister Woods. . Miss Dora M. Cole- man Miss M. V. Nolan . . Sr. Mary Aimee. . . . Denomination. Roman Catholic. \ Methodist... ... . Undenominational Roman Catholic. . Methodist R.oman Catholic. Church of England Roman Catholic . Undenominational Roman Catholic. * Indian children attend white school. Department pays 25 cents per month (per cap. )on av erage at- tendance, t Open during the summer only. t Closed during the December quarter, 1908, no teacher. Reponed October 21, 1908, having Ijeen closed from June 30, 1896. il SCHOOL STATEilESr SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 STATEMENT— Con^inwerf. have been received) for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1909. Number on Roll. C i § < 1 > < St.^ndard. School. JO 5 1 I II III IV V VI 19 106 24 39 11 26 5 9 23 71 16 13 21 26 8 11 36 15 14 11 16 18 50 8 31 8 15 23 42 106 71 40 52 32 52 13 20 14 53 32 30 11 13 16 11 14 9 88 39 9 44 16 44 " "io 20 19 12 16 20 22 31 1 22 15 27 4 20 5 8 20 3 3 4 3 7 9 6 7 3 1 4 26 9 4 5 9 7 9 5 2 I 5 3 18 1 2 1 3 14 5 21 2 S 17 4 7 6 3 1 3 3 2 8 5 .... ^ i Quebec. Bersimis. Caughnawaga (Boys.) (Girls). (Bu.»h). M (Mission). Congo Bridge. Cornwall Island. * Escoumains. 23 59 4.S 12 1 2 5 "■ 6 2 9 11 11 15 10 18 28 6 39 13 26 25 26 26 36 78 14 70 21 11 15 11 10 19 41 6 51 13 ■■■■ 2 2 4 7 5 9 jManiwaki. Maria. Oka (Country). " (VUlage). I Pointe Bleue. Restigouche. I I St. Francis (Prot). (R.C.). II St. Reo-ia (TalanHl 24 23 39 46 11 30 4 10 6 .. .. .. (Village). Tiiniskaming. 460 434 894 455 468 155 1 139 78 51 3 Total, Quebec. 1 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS u 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 SCHOOL Statement of Day Schools in the Dominion (from which Returns School. Nova Scotia. Bear River. Eskasoni . . . 'Half-way River, tindian Cove. . . . Middle River . . . Millbrook JNew Germany . . Salmon River Sydney Whycocomagh Total, Nova Scotia. New Bfunswiok. Burnt Church Big Cove Eel Ground . . Kingsclear . . . . St. Mary's. Tobitjue . . . Total, New Brunswick. Bear River Eskasoni . . . Franklin Manor Fisher's Grant. . . Middle River Millbrook Lunenburg Prince Edward Island. Lennox Island . Lennox Island . Reserve. Agency. Salmon River. Sydney Whycocomagh . Digby County. Cape Breton .. Cumberland m Pictou M Victoria ■• Colchester m Lunenburg t. Richmond i. Cape Breton n Inverness n Church Point. Big Cove Eel Ground. . Kingsclear . . St. Mary's . . . Tobique Teacher. Denomination. Miss Minnie A. Shea Roman Catholic. Archibald J. McKen- zie ' " " Miss.Iennie Atkinson, ti n M Gertrude McGirr Mrs Annie Macneill. Miss Jessie Scott .... 11 Annie MacDou- e:aii Miss Henrietta O'Toole Miss Margaret A. McLellan Donald J. Gillis Northeastern . Southwestern . Northern Miss M. Natalie Babin Miss Rosie Archibald II Mary Isaac. . . .1 Rena A. Do nahoe Miss M. J. Rush I Ethel Sims. . P. E. I. Superin tendency William J. Overbeck Roman Catholic. Roman Catholic * White school, attended by the Indian children. t Closed during the March quarter, 1!I09, on account of small-pox on reserve. t Closed during the June quarter, 190S, no teacher. SCHOOL STATEMENT SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 STATEMENT— r'ontmued. have been recei-ved) for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1909. Ndm 1EB ON Roll. i g ■a c < Standard. School. ■2 1 i > < I II III IV V VI XovA Scotia. 10 7 17 8 . 7 3 1 2 4 Bear River 13 2 16 12 9 7 2 5 10 10 20 4 21 22 19 8 3 12 6 10 9 1 12 13 10 2 2 1 4 6 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 5 ■ 3 1 1 " 2 Eskasoni •Half-way River tindian Cove. Middle River. Millbrook. 6 7 13 8 4 3 1 4 1 JNew Germany. 12 14 : 26 8 n 4 4 2 Salmon River. 17 5 9 11 26 16 13 8 10 8 4 4 U 2 27 3 2 21 1 2 Sydney. Whyeocomagh. 102 82 184 84 90 27 13 6 Total, Nova Scotia. New Brunswick. 10 15 15 14 26 8 24 41 23 12 21 11 14 22 15 3 4 4 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 6 4 Burnt Church. Big Cove. Eel Ground. 11 8 17 .18 19 37 35 10 22 22 10 19 14 2 5 6 3 5 5 4 5 7 Kingsclear. St. Mary's. Tobi(iue. 20 17 2 3 1 88 91 179 98 94 24 19 24 13 5 Total, New Brunswick. Prince Edward Island. 12 11 23 10 6 12 3 1 1 Lennox Island. 10 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS li 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 SCHOOL Statement of Day Schools in the Dominion (from which Returns have School. Bhitish Columbia. Andiuiaul , Aivansh Alert Bay * Atlin Bella Bella Bella Coola Cape Mudge ... China Hat tCIa.yoquot(R.C.). Gitwingdk Glen Vowell Gwayasdums Hazelton t Homalco Kincohth Kitamaat Kitkahtla II Kitsegukla Kishfia.x II Lakalsap Lytton Reserve. Ma.ssett Meanskinisht Metlakaktia Nanaimo UNewTown + Nitanit II Ohiaht (Dodger's Cove).. ° Penticton Port Essington . Port Simpson. . HQuamichan . . ITSaanich JShoius Skidegate * Sliammon SDmenos Songhees Telegraph Creek. Tsartlip Ucluelet . Yuquot. . Total, British Columbia At Andimaul. Kitladamicks. Nimkish At .\tlin Bella Bella.... Bella Coola. . . Cape Mudge . China Hat Opitsat Kitwingar. . . . Sichodach . . . . Gwayasdums . Gitamaksh . . . Aupe Kincolith Kitamaat Kitkahtla Kitsegukla.. . Kishfiax Lakalsap Lytton Massett At Meanskinisbt Metlakahtla .... Nanaimo Kitselas Claoose ... No. 8 Haines Island At Penticton . . . Skeena Port Simpson . . . Quamichan Saanich Nicola Mameet Queen Charlotte Island . . ... Sliammon Somenos Songhees Tahltan Tsartlip Itedse Yuquot Agency. Babine Northwest Coast. Kwawkewlth Stickine Northwest Coast. Kwawkewlth Northwest Coast . West Coast Babine Kwawkewlth Babine Fraser River Northwest Coast Babine . Northwest Coast. . Kaniloops-Okan a gan Northwest Coast. . Babine Northwest Coast . Cowichan Northwest Coast . . West Coast Kamloops-Okan a gan Northwest Coast. , Teacher. Duncan Rankin ■J. Priestley Frank Nelson Rev.J. Allard,O.M.I Miss Carrie S. Rush . Miss Eveline Gibson. Rev. ,T. E. Rendle. . . Rev. George Head . . Rev. Charles Moser. Miss Flor. B. Kemp. J. P. Thorkild.TOn. .. Fred Comley Mis.sE. J. Soal William Thompson . . Miss E. C. Collison. Miss ^lary E. Lawson ' Miss M. T. Gurd ... Miss Susan Edgar. . Rev. W. H. Pierce.. Miss A. Waterman . Miss L'Uy Blachford Rev. W. E. Collison. Miss Louisa C. Day. Miss Helena .Tackson Rev. W. J Knott. . . R, L. Tait Regin. H. Goodridge •lohn T. Ross Denomination. Salvation Army. . . Church of England Roman Catholic . . Methodist Cowichan. Kamloops-Okan a gan Northwest Coast. Fraser River Cowichan Stickine. . , Cowichan . West Coast. J. Barker Miss Kate Tranter. . Lionel Dineen .... Miss C. Ordano William Thompson. . S. A. F. Hone, M.D. Peter R. Kelley J. W. L. Browne. .. Miss M. Lomas Sr. Mary Berchmans Robert H. Maclnnes Miss K a t h e r i n e Needham Miss ^I. Swartout. . Rev. Alois S. Stern Roman Catholic . . Church of England Salvation Army. . . Church of England Roman Catholic. . Church of England Methodist Church of England Methodist Church of England Methodist.. . II I Presbyterian . Undenominational Methodist Roman Catholic. . . Church of England Methodist Roman Catholic. . . Undenominational Roman Catholic. . . Presbyterian Roman Catholic. . '. * New school opened January. 1909. t Closed during the Sei)tember quarter, 1908. tNew school opened August, 1908. ' Closed during the June and September quarters, 1908. HOnly one quarterly return received during 1903-9. "White school attended by the Indian children. u SCHOOL f^TATEMENT 11 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ST ATEME'ST— Continued. been received) for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1909. Number on Roll. c as •u C i < a ■ s > Standard. School. 91 03 5 1 I II III IV V VI 8 12 17 8 5 30 7 10 17 13 10 23 12 23 21 19 6 34 24 13 2S 13 21 11 7 15 9 10 19 58 5 4 10 14 9 4 10 8 9 5 5 2C 33 28 15 73 39 15 16 19 36 25 25 37 25 47 50 37 13 50 45 26 49 23 42 23 17 26 20 11 33 108 12 15 25 26 22 9 18 14 18 11 9 17 9 7 8 19 7 10 9 7 15 14 7 15 20 35 21 19 9 24 24 14 18 13 21 14 6 6 8 5 14 2S 6 5 17 10 16 4 9 11 5 4 9 12 33 14 15 40 33 5 7 18 27 9 3 19 13 20 34 10 7 43 34 26 21 8 13 15 13 17 6 8 13 97 8 10 23 18 22 4 7 5 9 6 6 4 5 4 9 British Columbia. Andimaul. Aiyansh. Alert Bay. •Atlin. BeUa BeUa. Bella Coola. Cape JIudge. China Hat. tClayoquot(K.C.). Gitwingak. Glen Vowell. Gwaya-sdums. Hazelton. tHomalco. Kincolith. Kitamaat. Kitkahtla. It Kitsegukla. Kishfiax. 1 Lakalsap. Lytton Massett. Meanskini.sht. Metlakahtla. Nanainio. UNew Town. tNitanit. lOhiaht (Dodgers' Cove). °Penticton. Port Kssington. Port Sinnp.son. IFQuamichan. liSaanich. JSholus. Skidegate. 'Sliammon. Somenos. Songhees. Telegraph Creek. Tsartlip. Ucluelet. Yuquot. Total, British Columbia. 16 20 10 43 18 6 8 6 5 11 1^ 12 6 6 7 6 5 10 '21 7 14 3 2 1 10 3 12 11 4 5 2 5 12 2 3 1 4 4 15 5 8 6 12 3 23 9 9 9 19 12 1 4 3 6 4 8 15 14 13 24 29 18 7 '7 16 2 1 6 8 9 5 2 7 4 21 13 21 10 21 12 10 2 ]] 1 14 60 5 2 7 11 15 12 13 3 5 4 3 5 5 5 3 1 4 4 8 6 2 2 9 6 3 1 4 2 605 600 1,205 539 751 253 146 41 12 12 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 SCHOOL Statement of Day Schools in the Dominion (from which Returns School. Manitoba. *AssabaRca tBerens River Big Eddy Black River Brokenhead Chemawawin tCross Lake (Prot.) Cross Lake (R.C) Cumberland Ebb and Flow Lake Fairford (Upper) JFairford (Lower) Fisher River Fort .\lexander (Upper). Fort .\lexander (Lower). Grand Rapids HoUowwater River Jackhead Jack River Lake Manitoba Lake St Martin IlLittle Grand Rapids. . . . Little Saskatchewan . . . . Long Sault Moose Lake Mvickle.s Creek Okanase Pas Peguis HPine Creek •t Poplar. . . Red Earth Roseau Rapids Rossville •fSeine Ki ver Shoal Lake Shoal River St. Peters (North) St. Peters (South) St. Peters (East) St. Peters (R.C) Swan Lake Waterhen Total, Manitoba. Assabasca Berens River. . Pas Black River . . . . Brokenhead . . . . Chemawawin. . . Cross Lake Cumberland Ebband Flow Lake Fairford Fisher River. . . . Fort Alexander. Reserve. Kenora Norway House . . Pas Norway House.. Clandeboye Pas Norway House. . Pas Manitowapah . Norway House Clandeboye Grand Rapids Hollowater River. Jackhead Jack River Lake Manitoba... Lake St. Martin. . Little Gd. Rapids, Little Saskat'wan Long Sault Moose Lake St. Peters Okanase Pas St. Peters Pine Creek Poplar River Red Earth Ro.seau Rapids Norway House... Seme River Pas Mountain ... Shoal River, St. Peters Swan Lake Waterhen River. Agency. Norway House . . . Manitowapah Norway House . . . . Manitowapah Fort France.s . . . . Pas Clandeboye Birtle Pas Clandeboye . Manitowapah Norway House Pas Portage la Prairie. Norway House. . . . Fort Frances Pas Manitowapah Clandeboye Teacher. Portage la Prairie. Manitowapah Mrs. Julia L. Harber Miss Bessie L. Hayter Regin'd H. Bagshaw George Slater . ... Miss Nellie Leask. Frank Barker D. A. P. McKav.. Rev. J. Thomas, OMI Nathan Settee .... Miss Nora Shannon Rupert Bruce Colin Sanderson . . . Miss M. C. Demerse. George G. Smith. , Miss Eilen T. Folster Solomon BuUer. . . John Sinclair Rev. Louis LaRonde C. A: Wilkins .... L. E. Martel Jno. E. Favell Joseph Tones George Storr Miss Eva Fryer, ... Elijah Constant. . . Miss C. FitzGerald Miss M. E. Murray M. E. Coates Miss Mary Dewar. . Kev. A. Chaumont. P. E. Jones. . ..... Jno. G. Kennedy.. Miss Rose (Jodon. . Thomas Bolster. . . . Peter Spence Isaiah Badger. . . Rev. T. H. Dobbs. . Peter Harper Cyril K. Anderson. Miss Hazel Overton Miss M. Fitz(iem.ld MissM. Mcllwaine. Miss Honora Adam Denomination. Undenominational Methodist Church of England Methodist.. . . Roman Catholic. . . Church of England Roman Catholic. . . Church of EngUnd Methodist Church of England Roman Catholic. . . Church of England Methodist Church of England Presbyterian Church of England Roman Catholic. . . Methodist .... Church of England Undenominational Methodist Undenominational Church of England Roman Catholic. . Presbyterian . . . . Roman Catholic. . * Re-opened July, 1908, having been closed from June 30, 1905. + Closed during the September quarter, 1908, no teacher. JClosed during the June and September quarters, 1908, no teacher. il Day pupils attend classes in the Pine Creek boarding school. Open during the summer only. SCHOOL STATEMENT 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 STATEMENT— CW I II Standard. a 3 Ill IV V VI School. 9 21 7 19 8 10 11 9 19 18 1.") 10 10 16 17 7 9 11 6 8 13 ll 28 18 9 17 7 10 7 9 12 16 10 9 12 5 ll 14 20 10 14 6 7 16 40 18 15 24 21 37 31 26 16 18 37 48 23 14 21 18 17 29 13 26 55 26 16 25 10 18 19 26 22 30 22 15 24 10 18 31 26 48 22 26 12 12 10 17 7 7 8 10 17 10 9 9 13 18 14 13 5 12 8 8 10 8 18 15 17 6 11 4 5 10 15 15 8 9 6 1 t 10 21 11 10 10 12 7 8 15 28 14 11 16 15 26 21 18 12 11 20 21 15 7 11 12 13 18 6 20 50 17 9 21 "l5 IC 10 19 18 10 2 17 1 8 19 18 26 11 11 8 7 1 8 2 3 1 5 C 5 6 4 5 11 10 5 5 6 4 ""6 5 5 5 2 6 3 3 2 3 11 3 1 2 8 3 3 4 5 2 7 7 7 3 1 "3 2 I 6 1 2 8 2 "i" Manitoba. *Assabasca. tBerena River. 10 5 Big Eddy. Black River. 13 12 1 Brokenhead. Chemav^awin. 18 3 tCrossUkeiProt.) Cross L,ake (K.C.) 16 11 6 " Ebb and Flow Lake. 8 2 3 12 2 2 4 •■■■4 5 "Vi' Fairford (L'ljper). +Fairford (Lower). 21 3 5 1 31 Fisher River. 16 5 Fort Alexander (Upper). Fort Alexander (Lower). Grand Rapids. 10 12 2 9 16 8 14 '2 Jack River. Lake Manitoba. Lake St. Martin. 27 : Little Grand Rapids. 8 4 1 1 4 1 3 7 8 Long Sault. Moose Lake. 3 8 12 2 Muckles Creek. Okanase. Pas. 17 3 2 Peguia. ITPine Creek. 10 14 12 6 5 6 4 1 6 4 3 2 8 4 8 1 4 i 3 fPoplar River. Red Earth. Roseau Rapids. Rossville. 12 ' 5 fSeine River. 12 2 4 3 7 17 12 28 Shoal River. St. Peters (North). St. Peters (South). 12 St. Peters (East). 12 St. Peters (R.C.). Swan Lake. 6 5 ,524 500 1,024 455 643 200 130 45 6 Totnl, Manitoba. 14 DEPARTMEST OF INDIAy AFFAIRS n 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 SCHOOL Statement of Day Schools in the Dominion (from which School. Saskatchewan. Ahtalikakoop's Big River Day Star's Fishing Lake Fort a la Corne (South). James Smith's .John .Smith's Little Pines Meaciov.- Lake Mistawasis Montreal Lake . . Poundmaker's Red Pheasant's Sioux Mission Stony (Eagle Hills) . . . . Sturgeon Lake Thunderchild's (C.E.).. White Bear Total, Saskatchewan. Alberta. Goodfish Lake. . "Morley Saddle Lake.... Whitefi.sh Lake Reserve. Ahtalikakoop's. . . Kenemotayoo's . . Day Star's Fishing Lake .... James Smith's (South) James Smith's (North) John Smith's . . . . Little Pines. Meadow Lake . . . Mistawasis Montreal Lake . . Poundmaker's . . Red Pheasant's. . . Wahspaton Stony Wiliiain Twatt's. Thunderchild's. . White Bear Total, Alberta. Pakan Stony .... Saddle Lake •James Seenum's . Agency. Carlton Touchwood Hills. Duck Lake.. Battleford Carlton . . Battleford Carlton . . Battleford Carlton . . Battleford . Moose Mountain Saddle Lake. Stony Saddle Lake Teacher. Louis Ahenakew (ieorge Crane. . . . Miss Soph. E.iSmythe Wilfred Sandilands.. Mrs. Ada A.Godfrey. Robert Bear {.Junior) Robert Bear C. T. Desmarais Pierre C. Morin C. W. Bryden Jno. R. Settee Miss Agnes Calvert.. Mrs. R. Jefferson . . . .Jonathan Beverley.'. .Jame.■^ Isbester .... Albeit W.Smith.... I. Russell Edwaids. . Miss E. May Arms- trong Denomination. Miss Jean Batty . . . . John W. Niddrie . . . Mrs. J. A. Seller. . . , Miss Inez W. Batty. Church of England Unde nominational Church of England Roman Catholic. . . PresV>yterian Church of England Roman Catholic. . . Church of England Presbyterian Church of England Presbyterian. . Methodist . • This school re-opened .January 27, 19()9, in place of the McDougall Orphanage. n SCHOOL STATEMENT 15 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 STATEMENT— Con < Standard. 1 5 1 I II Ill IV V VI School. 12 10 13 7 10 6 12 15 12 7 3 11 18 4 6 5 2 5 2 12 25 17 18 11 23 30 21 10 17 35 14 11 9 6 19 10 23 12 6 13 5 9 11 8 8 4 6 15 4 5 4 4 8 3 11 16 14 6 5 13 26 7 12 10 n 26 10 6 5 4 10 9 15 2 3 4 4 3 4 12 2 1 1 2 4 3 2 5 1 3 5 2 Saskatchewan. Ahtahkakoop's. Big River. 8 5 4 2 7 2 1 ""■4 6 2 1 1 4 Day Star's. Fishing Lake. 11 15 9 Fort k la Come (South). .Tames Smith's. .John Smith's. 8 7 6 17 1 2 Little Pines. Meadow Lake. Mistawasis. Monti eal Lake. 10 Poundmaker's. 5 Red Pheasant's. 4 Sioux Mission. 4 Stony (Eagle Hills). 14 8 11 3 4 1 1 Sturgeon Lake. Thunderchild's (C. E.) White Bear. 164 10 150 5 28 t< y 48 314 15 60 12 16 136 7 44 4 6 205 8 51 9 12 50 1 5 2 3 4? 4 11 2 Total, Saskatchewan. Alberta. Goodfish Lake. 32 4 1 ! *Morlev. 6 Saddle Lake. 7 r Whitefish Lake. I ^ — 55 103 61 80 11 10 2' Total. Alberta. 16 DEPARTMEXT OF /.VO/.l.V AFFAIRS U 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 SCHOOL Statement of Day Schools in the Dominion (from which Returns have School. Outside Trk.^tt Limits Carcrods . . Moosehide Nel.son House O.xford House Split Lake St. Matthew's Mission . , York Factory Total, Outside Treaty. District. *Yukon District. At Nel.son House, Keewatin District. At O.^ford House, Keewatin District. At Split Lake, Keewatin District. . . . At Fort McPherson, near mouth of Peel river, McKeuzie River District At York Factory, Hudson Bay, Kee- watin District Teacher. Miss F. Hutchinson. Rev. Benj. Totty . . . W. W. Shoup. . . Jttseph H. Lowes . . . Charles G. Fo.-* Rev. F. Hamilton. Rev. R. Faries Denomination. Church of England Methodist Church of England ' The govevmnent paid S3, 297, to provide for education in the Yukon for tlie fiscal year 1908-9. SCHOOL STATEMENT 17 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 .STATEMENT— Con 3 4 Wabiskaw Lake (R.C). Whitefish Lake (St. Andrew's)^ Church of England . . . n 10 23 15 10 y, 3j 1 369 327 696 597 274 171 132 80 13 26 Total Alberta. Northwest TEBRiTOBnai. Roman Catholic . . . . « 12 20 19 5 11 4 Fort Resolution. Church of England . . . 15 20 35 31 12 4 13 5 1 Hay River (St. Peter's Mission.)': Roman Catholic 21 25 46 46 28 45 9 9 Providence Miss. (Sacred Heart)' 5 1 .... 44 57 101 96 24 26 Total, Northwest Territories. DEl'ARTMEXr OF INDIA^' AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 SCHOOL Statement of Industrial Schools in the School. Ontario. Mohawk Institute .... Mount Elgin Tn&titute. Shingwauk Home .... Wikwemikong (Boys). (Girls) Total, Ontario. British Columbia. Alert Bay . Clayoquot Ooqualeetza Home. Kamloops Kootenay Kujjer Island . Lytton Williams Lake . Situation. At Brantford At Muncey At Sault Ste. Marie At Wikwemikong, Manitoulin Island At Alert Bay, Kwawkewlth agency. . A. W. Corker. On Clayoquot sound, west coast Van- Principal. Rev. R. Ashton Rev. T. T. George . Geo. Ley King Rev. T. Couture, S. J Denomination. Undenominational Methodist Church of England Roman Catholic . . Church of England couver Island, West Coast agency At Chilliwack, Eraser River agency At Kamloops, in the Kamloops Okan- agan agency At St. Eugene, Kootenay agency. On Kujjer Island, Cowiclian agency 2i miles from Lytton, Kamloops Okanagan agency At Williams Lake in the Williams Lake agency Total, British Columbia Mamitoba. Brandon . Elkhorn . Total, Manitoba . . . Saskatchewan. Battleford.. Qu'Appelle. Kegina Total, Saskatchewan. Alberta. Red Deer. . . St. Joseph's. Total, Alberte. At Brandon . At Elkhorn.. At Battleford . At Lebret.. .. At Regina At Red Deer At Davisburg. Rev. P. Maurus Rev. R. N. Cairns Rev. A. M. Carion. . . . Rev. .T. Wagner.O.M.I Rev. D. Claessen Roman Method Catholic, ist Roman Catholic. Rev. George Ditcham. Rev. H. Boening Church Roman of England Catholic . . Rev. T. Eerrier. A. E. Wilson... Rev. E. Matheson . Rev. J. Hugonard Rev. R. B. Heron. . Rev. Arthur Barner. . Rev. J. Riou, O.M.I. Methodist Undenominational Church of England Roman Catholic . . Presoyterian Methodist Roman Catholic. Note.— All boys at industrial schools are taught farming, and all girls sewing, knitting and general 11 SCHOOL STATEMEST 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 STATEM ENT— Concluded. Dominion for the Fiscal Year ended March 31, 1909. Number O.N ROLI S3 = Sta SiiARl>. Industries T.mt.ht. t. 1 1 1 5 1 i < 1 > < I II III IV V VI u 1 6 1 1 03 2. 1 M 1 1 School. ill! 33 PL, a. Eh Ontario. 54 67 56 24 65 121 108 GO 77 65 113 96 55 76 60 9 21 21 15 18 14 27 8 21 5 1 24 23 22 18 25 22 20 8 14 11 22 14 1 9 6 30 3 . Mohawk Institute. . Mount Elgin Institute. 3R 2 4 . 5 77 , 2 Wikwemikong (Boys). 1, (Girls). ?19 212 431 400 84 75 112 75 52 33 6 2 . 5 . Total, Ontario. British Columbia. 95 32 40 25 65 98 21 58 fiO 13 31 5 5 IS 10 12 19 5 19 4 10 1 19 9 Alert Bay. 33 5 3 . . Clayoquot. «>8 1 1 ?9 34 31 33 63 65 75 31 59 56 74 26 19 32 25 3 14 8 17 7 3 14 8 17 7 5 16 5 4 13 5 14 4 . Kamloops. 34 4' 7 5 4 7 5 5 Kuper Island. 31 4 . Lytton. 1't 31 50 50 3 22 10 15 3 . Williams Lake. " 271 201 472 424 123 77 88 99 57 28 62 14 5 " '-- - 3. . Total.British Columbia Manitoba. Rl 51 43 102 93 92 70 26 13 11 24 33 18 12 10 14 15 6 13 . Brandon. 50 8 2 2 1 L .. 1 Elkhorn. 101 91 195 162 39 35 51 22 29 19 8 2 2 ] .. 1 Total, Manitoba. i Saskatchewan. 30 39 123 29 191 69 240 79 388 66 230 72 368 27 66 36 129 8 40 13 61 7 71 10 88 16 26 9 51 7 20 8 35 4 17 3 24 12 9 3 24 3 4 1 8 Battleford. 117 11 4 . Qu'Appelle. 50 • > . . . . Retina. 197 11 . . . . 4 . Total, Saskatchewan. Alberta. 3i? 26 24 58 69 45 60 19 2 12 7 15 18 8 26 4 5 1 . Red Deer. 45 n 2 St. Joseph's. 77 50 127 105 21 10 33 34 9 11 2 1 Total, Alberta. household duties. 24. DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 11 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 SUMMARY OF Class of School. 1 Denomination. Number on Roll. Q "o B 3 o H - Province. be a § 'a ■c ■*^ so 3 TJ B 1— ( C 'a o s o 'o « o a 1 e To c 1^ "o 3 o -*3 .2 T3 O 1 § 1 1" § 1 1 1 u '6 1 O a t: R Ol < > ■Si Ontario ... .... 79 4 R 88 40 'fi n q 1,505 460 102 88 12 1,023 1,464 434 82 91 11 1,018 2,969 894 184 179 23 2,041 1,691 455 Quebec 21 10 6 1 49. 21 10 6 1 .58 4 o 13 10 6 1 18 1 3 Nova Scotia . . 84 New Brunswick 98 lOi British Columbia 8 8 16 16 4 ?! 1,295' Manitoba _ 43 19 2 54 4 11 26 8 5 828 840 1,668 1,029 Saskatchewan 18 14 3 35 1 10 17 7 654 656 1,310 1,063 Alberta. , . .... 4 19 3 2 25 3 7 12 2 7 1 5 6 501 44 106 425 57 78 926 101 184 763 96 Outside Treaty Limits 7 2 90 Total 231 57 20 308 51 109 86 44 16 2 5,323 5,156 10,479 6,674 Note. — All boys at industrial schools are taught farming, and all girls sewing, knitting and general. Department of Indian Affairs, Ottawa, March 31, 1909. u SCHOOL f-TATEMEyT 25 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 SCHOOL STATEMENT. 6 o c 73 Standard. Industries taught. 1 13 90 14 50 3 a 8 1 I II III IV V VI S B 1 6 s e J3 14 U 27 'b X s 5 2 4 1 12 U 1) 6 8 14 1 e e K 2 2 s 1 3 1 'S 5 3 1 Province. 5C 50 45 54 43 63 61 81 82 95 48 9C 89 65 75 48 45 69 14 40 05 91 69 1,373 468 90 94 b 942 835 598 375 45 138 5S8 1.55 27 24 12 3S5 300 214 201 24 27 537 139 27 19 3 318 292 250 175 26 12 307 78 21 24 1 218 134 129 116 5 6 131 51 13 13 1 140 80 83 22 1 1 33 3 6 5 38 27 36 37 6 62 8 24 2 Ontario. Quebec. Nova Scotia. New Brunswick. Prince Edward Island. British Columbia. Manitoba. Saskatchewan. Alberta. Northwest Territories. Outside Treaty Limits. 63 4,964 1,957 1,798 1,039 536 185 102 4 8 170 Total. household duties, 26 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS! n 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 INDIAN LAND STATEMENT Showing the number of acres of Indian Lands .sold during the year ended March 31, 1909, the total amount of purchase money realized, and the approximate quantity of land remaining unsold at that date. ONTAKIO. Town or Townnliip. County or District. Number of acres of land sold. Amount of sale. Approxi- mate Quantity remaininR unsold. Remarks. Albemarlti Bruce Acres. 117 00 S cte. 26-70 1 Acres. 217 80 207 3,806 88 1,111 40 21 12 188 54 768 20 3,968 3,264 364 80 641 7,367 311 3,839 1,503 3,883 10,107 14,120 125 186 1,681 1,264 365 5,577 281 3,193 5,686 3,111 1,289 3,117 i,825 310 100 672 14 7,840 4,470 3,987 350 1,002 1,726 4,667 1,099 Some of these lands Grev.. ■were resumed by the St. Edmund Burv (T. plot) having been complied tain cases there ap- pears to have been more land remaining unsold at the close of the past fiscal year than remained unsold Southampton n ... Wiarton m Islands oS W, Coast 74 S9 391 00 Keppel. . . . *. White Cloud Island. according to the pre- vious year's report. Thessalon . Thessalon (T. plot) Algoni a . . 38800 8-55 378-46 302 00 Herrick . . Kars Apaquosh (T. plot) Laird Kehoe Cobden Ley Fisher (T. plot) 160 00 640 00 Tilley Tupper Vankoughnet Bidwell 100 00 213 00 2 00 1-00 7700 80 00 Shegoiiandah .. . (T. plot) Manitowaniiig (T. p'ot) , , Tehkumiiiah Sandfield 10000 96 00 Shaftesbury (T. plot) Tolsmaville Allan , ■50 5-00 Burpee Barrie Island INDIAN LAND STATFitENT ZI SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Indian Land Statement showing the number of acres sold, &c., during the Year ended March 31, 1909 — Continued. OtiTA.RlO— Continued. Town or Township. Gordon Gore Bay (T. plot) Mills Cockbum Island Dawson Kobinson Brantford Cavuga (T. plot) Dunn Caledonia (T. plot) Ft. William reserve Bronte Deseronto (T. plot) Shannonville (T. plot) Islands in the River .St. Law- rence . . Island.'* in the Otonabee and Lakes Islands in the Georgian bay. South Baymouth (T. plot).. . . Meldruni Bay (T. plot) Sarnia .. Parry Island reserve Walpole Island Country or District. Manitoulin Brant Haldimand . Thunder Bay. Halton Hastings Total . Pro\ . Ontario . Manitoulin , Lambton. ... Parry Sound . Kent Number of acres of land sold. Acres. Amount of sale. cts. 200 3000 20 66 100 8000 56-64 5,664 OO 2-50 355 00 2-27 791 99 27 •93 •09 1 00 1,338-53 745-00 100 00 l,-207-0O Approxi- mate Quantity remaining unsold. 550- 00 20 00 75 00 Acres. 2,109 2 4,148 25,534 9,248 29,889 297 106 1,571 50 5 1 20 1,8G5 133 78 10,843 16 185,059 Remarks. QUEBEC. Oui&tchouan Lake St. John ; 3,979 4,381 46 2,287 Huntingdon Wright 342 80 2-36! 4,398 01 857 13 805-00 1,855 02 Maniwaki (T. plot) Teniiaoamingue., Pontiac. .... 4,743-17 3,51715 10,693 Tobique Red Bank Victoria Northumberland . . Madawaska Carleton .. 76 OO 13 26 40 00 60 80 597 -15 585-50 3,395 Woodstock Reft. . 129 26 1,243-45 3,395 MANITOBA. (lanibler's reserve Marquette Selkirk . 80-00 240-00 15,1-23 22 86,1*5 23 -46 3000 480 St. Peters reserve 15,203-68 86,455 23 480 28 DEPARTME'ST OF 7.YDM.V AFFAIRii 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Indian Land Statement showing the number of acres sold, &c., during the Year ended March 31, 1909 — Concluded. SASKATCHEWAN. Town or Township. Kams.ick (T. plot) Assiniboine, reserve Cote, reserve No. 64 Grizzly Bear and Lean Man, Nos. 110 and 111 Crooked Lakes. Nos. 72 and 73 Country or jNumberof Distriet ' acres of Uistrict. ,^jj^ ^^^]j .Saltcoats. . . Wolsley .... Swan River Battlef ord WhitewoodGrenfel Acres. 2-57 8,761 31 1,887 -30 31,824-27 42,475-45 Amount of sale. •S cts. 2,425 00 89,682-86 7, 553 00 229,117-20 Approxi- mate Quantity renjaining unsold. Acres. 9 320 5,276 3,008 19,680 .S28,778-00 28,293 Remarks. ALBERTA. Sharphead, No. 141 Ponoka . 685 C85 Stony, reserve, Nos. 142, 143, 144 Banff 1,000-00 10,000- 00 1,000-00 10,000 00 BRITISH COLUMBIA. Yale 1 22 -90 11000 720 00 New-Westminster. 2-12 830 00 NORTH WEST TERRITORIES. The Pas (T. plot). 3200 21,015-00 405 Generat Remarks. The land sold during the year amounted to 64,924 21 acres, which realized .-|462,- 682. The quantity of surrendered land in the hands of the department was approxi- matively 229,010 acres. The principal outstanding, on account of Indian lands .sold, amounted to .|911,641.19, a considerable portion of which has not yet become due. CENSUS RETURN 29 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 a a> ^2? 60 Oi a rt '*_: §« "» J2 ■^ li u a ^S «'S „ £! * . p » ^^ a. - !^ J3«4-1 ^ ?^ t=r.2 d > o p ^Ph c^^ -C - ^ d o PS Ic3 ^ O "^ O w ii o ?3 C o O OJ ■2-Fi ^ t5 2 a g Is FIQ > H o „ r. U Census Rbturn of Resident and Nomadic Indians, Den Denomination, as well as the number of Pagans in tlic as (14 . IM C^ O Ol t- _._ ' X o « -^ • t^ccN ■xxr^C'ir . O 1 N .-■ C-l 1— 1^5 •aiBmaj; c^ c-1 -.i :r 1* t^ r; rj CO o m a; cc c^ - r^ o a; t -r oo [ ■^g^ •ai«K c 5 as«»aot-^"^"3t~^^c^N»oo;x5-3t-oiN Kg •at'Ecaa^ .^^ r-rH K rH ^ , .-t.-^-pc^^c^o.-.o-5'^o» ■O0iC0l>-O^t— MXCC^OSOiCCCCW :3t-x •ilsipomaK -OTiyJN .-iT^reN^^SQ^ NN CO ■1-t Oi . . - •neuai/CqsMj CiOOi-tOs ■Tj-CO I— t^ CO .— l^ 1— <-iO tQiO .-( : -SI*??'- •uvo\\3uY * NN 2 i W ^^S?g5Sg^52EEg^5lg2???S§:S2fr^ T- 1 = rH-«*'lOWi-lrH * * Si u — sS ,-><»« -3 a = ■= 3 so DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ji 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 CI t- ■* M 1-1 '-C i-< .-( -t'C^r-'-*r-^X(Mtjri.-''^rHeoc« o < 5 •3I«uiaj; "^1 N ifj M CO ■^ (M ^- -^COrH^ .CCCOMCOCC rH^^ •31«K "5 . OOOCDTf^t^ C: TT O'^r-iCOCCOr-iOCCC'VCO-**" ^-mrHO'«■o■T^co!^^■vrHO■^ i-* Tf o: iM i-H « »fs •aimne^^^ ^^ rH rH QO«M(NCC-^(M t^ CC S^ to ^ ■<»' CO CO rH iC ?H * CO f^ P o Tp X CC r-< N to ^•S ■3I«W rH N lO »n ^ -nH CD »o « •JCC'^CCCOOCMiOOMCOCS a5 « 1-1 • tn • S >• S ■a;Bra3j Co <« NOOS -^Tf O ■ i-H NHf-roco oifseciftcotO'^-^ rH rH ■ CO • »N rH COrHi— ,1-lrH ,>^ rH ^§ ■ai'^W CD -H StCOC^CCCOOiOCN m veorHt^OTW ■ OS •>r i-coc « .• W^P rH • <0 COri ihC^COrH 15^ COW » td > •aiBius^ o '" 53 OiWS^I-HCJOSrH o rH C5 1-H l^ - 55^2feS2^=^'^*S=^^^ Ss ■^FIM «i « rH o o: *« t-- ■ 00 ^o:ccwt-cccir:C'iw»n«eN (MCC . ^ . ■M (N 1!: C<1 m -. M r-< o: S •^[BlU.^^>[ 1^ h* lO W 00 iO OC rH CO (N SS^SSB"'="5'^i5S rHCO •* ■syen ■ 00 CO ; 0 •■* ■ • ubStij •spjisa 'A o UBi}Suq3 J^mo ••(Bii'EUop'BSajSuoQ •^spflBg (NrHSiNWrH-^ CO rH *rt-X0CX0DO-I'rHX'*X«ft inr-cOr^ccffirH to -^ C. tC N — C~. CO ?1 t- — rH CO o w •oiinti^BQ uBuioy rHCO ^ ClrH CJOlr-^r-i N COW Pi rH ■rH ■jsipom^ij^ •UBuaj/Cqsaaj W 00 CO ■ ■ 00 C>1 -O "f ■ tn ■00- 00 . • CO -M -IXrH . -co • • •uTOi(SuY 11 *-l^COg?OOrH CO ^i?Stg2g5;SE:12S§gS MW fWIN^i-t Nf-(«rH o^ .s o 1^ ' ■ i i'o * " ee 1 'TS . (B i Si Is; oil 60 ' : : S :j< : :^ ;j8 : .S3 : • :j5 : >, : : to . ; ■.A -.St . M : • • c :a ■ ■■o : • •Ji -3 • : p : : :tc . . • = S c? ■ c :S.i g rHN d > rt J - .a « -S .a 73 60.^: S S 3' S 11 O m^Sx "^ o 0 OJ Phi-3 Ph h:; ^. H ^ a ^ CESSIS RETURN 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 NW WCO i~J^ -N^n-XN N'-'i-'NC^WCl.-.C^NM 1— .-« W tC Ift T C-1 C^ CI 1-- ^ WtO^ w^ M -wweci-**-" rtcci-H .-<»-'ioc^c*;wwc*5fi-ii-( i-H O C)^,-, ^ccc: ^rOi-^i-Hcc ^ M CieOO©-«**-VNr-INQ6»-l ss --IM t-l.-.— CJCC^i-HitDlOifS ■-fint^lCXN'-liOCO^i-l N ■i-H.-t r-l CS ■NMXtt>iOW:C'*f. w cc *n ec-ft-MN-r^x-^-xccMffixwc-.irii— ^cc»5•.^^-.■--l>.X'?'»- i C t^ fc - -35 = « = ^-H*.: > X « "S aits a § o « X * C .. 5 =- "- Bi 5.2 = c5 CC (3 ■ = t=. O -i-E- ? ;^ a; S — r- — ;: S X ? o o K = >* pJ iJ fc- — ® -* ; ■— C B 3 flS "^ ^ = S.i.H > 2 a «2 - - 5^;^^ JSi «= c- ? 32 DEPARTMENT OF INDIA'S AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 From 65 YEARS UPWARDS. •3[BtaSJ M - r- r- ■i •N-- ■iM OO C t-CO - ■ in CO •3[BIv; e-icoN^ C-l ■N -^COCOTf W ■ ■ From 21 TO 65 VRS., INCLUSIVE. •3l«raaj ■* O l^ o -v »o D^ **• ^ M *-i .-< ;IS2Sg5§S . : 10' ■^FK ^^32;!; J2 C. « T-H C^ in « ■ • ■ — --H (rj N N rH ■ ■ ;:::'; « S -^ OM 0 VRS., .SIVE. •ajBaiaj I^O^OCO-**" •WX-IC^CCO rH ■aiKK ■V M =c -js r; ?c ■ 1-1 1- X c -r t- i-H From 6 TO 15 TRS., INCLUSIVE. •3[nradj T-H rH :'"-5S2=-- ; : 0 VJBK ■^IN C; Oi O 3D W r-t ^ y-* o 3: o -J « ^ ■ ■ X 1^ •ajBtnajj t^ CC XI X O rH xoosoicscc ■ ■ M; 1-h" •"»I«K COJOWOCCQ^ ««3 l>XOflO ■ 1 o u •quSbj -r .c -r (MX Xi -r -f -J t^ to § n unpsuqo aamo i 1 •^sii'BuoijBS^jSaog : : : 1 S ■»si}dEa i-T ■oiiomuQ mnuoy cOiOiNcN c- g?2 o ^ ; ;. ■istpomaj^ to •aBija}j(qs.»jj^ * • • **«««*«« 0 'UBDii^ay 94 •a ■ t^i-iaicc^ ::::::•:! 1 II s •5 J < 1 x: 1 o ■1- s 'd O d o X c ■5 e 4^ d >> 1 1 11 ^< 1— 1 Matachewan Klvin? Post i a; s. a 5 3 ■5 5 Long Lake Fort Hope Albany New Post 1 CENSnS RETURN 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 O c o o > o a; Ph t^c^'^i-— -rr^-H-^-ri-i-i X w r-( ■ tn W »jS IM © (M ■tOC£NO«N'*Ni-tO O i-i • O iO ^ «« 43iMX01r--i OCO!OCO o lo ^ Ml N t-.^ w w C5 ■ W '-' tS rH CI -^ ?1 10 M 1— ' N CO W I-" -*■ C CO r-l ^ Tf eo^t-c^coccoxo lO N O M r-t f*< o IS5 o 55 CSTJTCOOXCOOCO-OOffi CI -J" « 1— -^ —• ir; -r .— i ^ Tf.-HiCOCir:»ncctO coi-io o CO -^ t-N =C t- pX O O CO r-l CC CO C! 35 CO t>-:D (73 CO ac O c S 34 DEPARTMENT OF IN DUX AFFAIRS ii 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 •8 I o CO From 65 TBARS, UPWARDS. •eieiuajj eOWM W M N •^FIM 05C0N 1-1 iH ^ s ►• a ■aiBuiaj •^ C—^ !>. CI i-O ■ainjAj CM O -^ CO C^ '-T iC Tf rH I— 1 r-" b: !* s >■ c •aCBinaj OlO-^ CO N ■»i«w OSO-V eo s >• c o ^^ ^ ■aitjraaji CCOilM »a © « i-H i-H r-l •9IBM C30 -^ CO CO t-- '•£: c < •oiumaji to c; x> o «o Ci ■J ■aiBjM C^ -9'0 •* iO -^ o c •ub3bj ^ ■sjaipg UBijsijqo Jsmo o 3 P3 •^BlIBUOT^BSajSuOQ •}s;?dBa •D]I0q?B0 uBOioy ssfe gi g s ^3 gs^ 2 e s § •isipoqiaj^i •n«u8?j(q88J£ •UBoi[3av §3 6& oi.-'t- ic *Q -f oc-j :£«t^ w »ri lo o ,-» : c ■ p • o ■ O . a> • -C ■ y |: >£ . St; «8 • II |§ |£ to £ ^ >> °l (J* 1. ^ . c ■ .« : S : >* : » >- |S 1 c s 1. c 1 1 il 11 II -§« "o 1 '5 - c < .1 Kings County at :— Apohaqui Amalecites of Sunbury County at : — Amalecites of Queens County at : — Upper and Lower Gafretown Amalecites of Victoria County at :— Tobique CENSUS RETURN 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 r-^ "V ta lO M rH M g 5 i-H 9 n Is OJ= = =-■= 5 C _? s < ■z 27-ii-3^ w cc «c •-H «D N f-" N ■* I-H ■»»• cJ W CO C4 O CO CO 1-r* ioow-^fioow eo o ^ lO 00 eo «*»«■-«■ I-H .-- .-H CO CO t— to CO i-t'^ca.-H^N.-i -^ t»iO ^ 1-H « CO t- M (N t-t-i-HCO W CO CO O lO OS v^eo N -co l>-X C^ »H CO •* !S S OS N CO CO «C Ci -r o^7 o ..35 si; 2 . c » ^ s » a>.£ 8 4 c ^ s > •^ o *- » OS's Si.« -X s<:n o .-j;^^^ X US £ £ 2 «2 X c _ = ?^ ?, "■ ^ :2 MM M OSJ.! :o HS.l OS C Q a> I ^ ,o .^ 1 s £ 3 £ = SJ^-g^Te a'S S g";= 5 = 5 t"?. •aiBoiaj fac ^ t^i-tr^-'*' OSt-Q Mr-.iHn CCN^i-H 00 00 OS CC E-z ■9I«K IN - CI r-t ft ?0 ■ •* CO ^ • COrHrHrH «C ^ ■* ©J a: rj a ? •9IBIU3J sss • CO in -^c; fa p d ^z ■"•IBK O f-H CO d O a> !0 »-* r-t • 00 1— t w c; o «(> s« •dIBiuaj[ gss oiww cooooq inr--rH t- — i -M ^ TT ,-• b- fa O o r-H rH ?• z ■■»I^K o " •ai«maj CliMr-tOT OC^C^ to -r-l ^r-tSN».-t OS O COW g^ r-t .— 1 - ■ •aiBIM '— "— ^ •n^Baua ■sjaiisa : : : : , : : : : : : : : : : : : : -: C c nBpsuija Jaqio •}SI[BU01113S9j3u03 •^spdBg : : ; ; ; ! : '.'.'..''.'.'.'. '. '. '■ ' C. QOr-(^- (Mt-in C00i0;0 OOOO-* CO "^X i-*X Pi •0I[OqjB3 UBOiog •isipotnapi •UBiaajiqsajj •UB0ii3ay . 11 f i-lN .— «COTO CO OiH »H Ol COrH i-HM o^ J. : 1 : 1 ■ ce oj ^ . I >> >» • 1 I ■*3 ■ 1. ^. p : ■ e8 . :^ ■ • C c • 3 ■ — ■ 1 CD 1 Si oS - S c~ 1 -"a •J t C ° oV 'Six •O g ■-5 1 ■ a^ - :g = . -SoSl a u I 1 b 3 J T c s - o o tn a -1 * & • c i'l ■W' bM o^ c c 5>^ III m ° " s S g S.b t c S o-S S J-E so SS5S-3 5^ £ S^ 3g « i' ,* fS ^ ^ 1^ *5 CENSUS RETURN 37 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 3 > > cSll a C ^ «5-l §g ua . S ?!"-' s -<»• s-" !0 Ort 2 o « b- C5 ca m -% S CD s 1-1 & «5 CI r-< rH 'T S w c > fe = X = £ Hi* s§ e £ T^H^ WM*^ a u: l;i cc-^rH-^ea,-.v ■ ■^Tp-j'-rr ri di-i "i u - z ■ :« o as Ph From 65 YKAKS UPWARDS. •9i«ni9^ (» ^CflC^M I-H WW c^ oo « M M f wc^ •31«IM WCO,*FHWrH,-(NaOCC« eo w«« •"-' s OM SIVK. •8lBUI8j[ 3s c ;-; CO J-; OS CO •UTJua^iCqsajj - •UBOil^ay M a; ^ w r^ :o o r^ ■- ^ t- -r m r^ o CC ■ Cl T-* r-* W ^2 '= 1-i si a 2 COOXl-CCOi-^iOCOCOCi m- a a ■S a Northwest Coast Agency. 1 s i2 1 1 c 1 5 1 c X "a i i2 ■■ > c ? c- C 1 h c C i2 * i t2 > a £ t- CEl P2 > a 1 ■« ? CENSUS RETIRX 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 C: — O CC 5-1 — ' I ^ ^ ^ wNoo X •x»n«----iv ^?^^',-i ■ coc^« CS t- X « X CO I O IS i-H « X -x t^Ttt^,-.^ .-"(MN ■CQ W ^ I O «*»iMooxr-io;ccM'Vxxcc^c-iot>.ccoMO^:5'T*MO ; o h ^ -5- C4 -to o w t^co w^5 I t* CO w^5 I I r-.y-i c:-^ t^ I X :^:rcr^cx--cxx'^«;r-ron?qox — WM — r-t^.-'OT \ '-'Oi \ <■ t--t— :s o X cc !N Ci O O O cc X :c 3-1 c^ .-« .-.1-1 ?fl eClax^-ooe^^-NrtXClcoCT>o»o»n xox« Tf.fsoit-c^^oirs j: ^ -r t-i f X --• •*■ lO :o -r ir; X "^ c^ c-i 1— ' -o ir^ r: TT «c Ti t-H X Iff o O " " - s s =- •* 3 I ?-= o O « i OD o o <;aa S i S = 5 - C-2 03 — o J! 2:::'^ 2 J i =2 ■ c ii 55ZOOO& o Ph From 65 years UPWARDS. •aiBoiaj -r cc -*e<»»OCCCiO»QC^Cl-^-^CCOT * wt- [^ •aiBjM tCCJM««CCi-llOOSCC»OC5*«r»i-'.-tNN s From 21 TO 66 YRS., INCLUSIVE. •ajBino^ !ggSS53^*^gl5SS;S§5^SS ■8IBH SgS?)SS^SgS^gSS5*'~SS i OM o'yrs., SIVE. ■8[i!raaj£ cc -* w »r: o t* ■ ■ IM 1-1 lO iO W* fH - rH'^ s Fr 16 TO 2 INCLU •»1«M 03:&e494QOt^i-HrHtoc^ioa)iHioeo ^o SS From 6 TO 15 YRS., INCLUSIVE. •aiBina^ Clr-ir-'f— i-Hi-l 1-H (M«— 1 1— 1 i •3I«M li •ai^caaj c:^(Mcc«Cif-iecc:«i-ioc»3cc-i« weo i c b3 •»I«K ocff: -i-tocir^ccwso 'v CO w X ?; CI N ■* z o 3 •OBgCJ 3S2ji?l r- o c: w rH -* M CJ t^ '^ lO ci c-i o oi c^ -r w iM -V 1-H in '^ §5 ■sjaiiaa s S ■^sii'euouBSa.iSuoQ ^si^dirg ■OlJOm'EQ UBtnOa ssgg g^Sg^S S 1 •jeipomajAi s O 5 •U'Buaj.CqBaaj g s CO s s ■* •UB0i[9a^ N — X X cc ^ C<1 r-( .-H ^ 1-- (N .5 c Ed <: y: <: c O E- X u < \ > a z ■4- j: < j: at 4- < J '■J i c : E -c .5? C y 2£ ■»3 i CENSUS RETURN a SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 Cl — Tl C-J -M — O tC ■V wccc ^?^:oci'— iC'-HXC-iwci *j::b-m -Mc^^rn oc I oc H,-i,-,c^c^e*;*— ccN tO •"H^CC — iC*— '-- rPr- ixM*ec^; ■^ ;c r: — N 175 r- ?i ^ oc ioif50t-aco?;»-tcoi-»eDoooc"*i-H»o«os lO in O t-ac i-iec TT »-H N ■.ec^^*OT-i(Ci-i rcC'-'-T'^XM r:iMOnMioeOf-f*coeo M C*3 40 •»»« CC Ci -i£i-i«5Q^OO!DXC -V^ ^=^5 £^ fEm^-i ■- «e fc. j; - 502-;^ 2 0 .: — 3 s-~ a := o c o o C s 2 DEPARTMENT OF IMJIAX AFFAlRiS II 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 a 5 ° ^ < CA ">o a. CO p ■aietuaj; •sj^K NW --fOl-tr^rHCC-rMTl --ClrH^^-rrHi-lN?^>-t Wf-l«-VrHTj":0 -^l-WS^ Ni-trHrH-^rifHWeillH K i Sec = s •9[BIU8J ■n^M o o S 1^ ' — ' to « fe •aimnaj ■9FK Oa-OSCOCliOOSi-'iMi— OOX> r-t»QCCi-»i-liHOOCC l-O CO iOXMNMiCCSO'M'-'SlOOO rH-^jq^rH.-iCOCOl'-iieO •ajBtiiaj i-Ht^-^COeOX^t^fHCC!© •aiun ** cci-t M ;o io CO b- N :o iO in o »-i(MMi-t ■ t^ so -j" »n :o ^5 ■niuuiaj^ '-I-^Z^MOO'-O'-OMCOtni- .— rON^r^t-CO-J-OOCO •8[BM •ubSbj ■^s iinaoijBSa j3«oq ■'^si'jd'Bg ■Difoqing nvraoy •}9ipom8jv •UBUaiXqsajj u-Bon^uy Ci ^ •V ST CO -Ti ^ 1-- :0 00 W -jC • - .-I CO CO :o o I !M !M i-H rH rH rH S5^ c3 •3 O rt O bo u c a ■III be u >s&i- '-'"lis ■J - 3; K Q OS'S ^O CENSUS RETURy 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 i-HN N M" Wi-" I « CT N W ^i-H i-(r-«CO»C ■■^J'l-iMCCNW'^r-'i-HiMM-rN'-'r-tC-lf -^lOCOMf-ti-i-^iOCO N rH CC «0 •-< N IN »-' ■(MlOn-r-l ■ -i-tlO rH«.-ii~( ■ ■^ « "n* t^-f f 5 S g d 3 ? 44 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRfS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 OS in _ 5 a g •< oa « t- 5 to a a to 3 Oo S as M Oits M f«oo Eh Z CD a « H a a "0 W ■8[Buiaji •eiBjv •aitruia^ ■»I«H •ajBina^ •8H;M ■9[BU18^ VIBH •aiBtna^ •8I«K ■u«a«j Oi -.r tJ Cl r- CQ iO ooosooeO'^t^iat'Csosr^iOco w,-'rt'^-*:';».HrtCD aX-^rHrHW^COeC-^CCrHiHW WO00««THC1N*0»a'«rMNt^ OCSCOWrHWCOM-^-^CC^NCO t^ooocceo^Ncot^io-rr^coo ccot^NN^NC-im-T'-reoC)-^ •;s;(Baoi^B88j3aoo "isi^d^g ■DijomuQ UBuioy ■^eipom-sjAj •UBiJ8?;(qBajj •UBOiiifuv 6| S-Nt^OtDOSl-OOOOCOClcOt^ I on O O CD CC ^ ,-» N CO O •»»• ■'1' N N t^ CO I a If -^ :£ Xi lOCOO §S?3 C5»rt O-JIOO OiCOiO s-s i-H .H r-t CDC; - Chippewas and Crees of Treaty No. 1 at:— Roseau River includine RaDids a 1 o Q ■£ B i-H EM C •€ _: 'i i J • a S bo a 3 CENSUS RETURN 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 2 I C^ i-i O « W • i-f W t- ■ •-it^ «^ ■^ 1-- id I ^ ccMa; f Wi-H CD t-fi*5;OC0 « I 1-1 IS I -^ lO -^ w ^ ^ I C-l N :C S^ ■* CQ i ^, £ r •E H • • ^ '2 o • : 2 1? > > 1 1 c 5 1 : ^ It ^5 ft x l«l:i ^^f% K K li, 33 c 1.-^ ^ f- . 3 = 8 - V > .S^^ 'c OS" •n« s-i ^ !> -. AP3 • - c -s* c3 §! E- r^'' 1 si •s^lfl.l :=H oo=- ;z: 2.. u 46 DEPARTMEXT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS From 6.5 TEARS UPWARDS. •ai«raa^ a cs "-' 9- -^1 •.: 10 EDWARD VI!., A. : ir -^ w M CO I' -— cc CO 1910 52 •»I«M 1 1 1 From 21 to 65 TRS., INCLUSIVE. •aiBra3j[ J? 1^ r-- rH N *::■ CO io 0& N c-j eo c-1 o 2 CI CO ! ^ •ai^M g g =--S^?igg|!gSSgS§^5SS IS a 1- c to " ■ayemaji t' 1 I* n"*ccxt-ico^xcicscocaiO s c > •a S S 1 ■a a £ a; 5 a > § 9 o 1 « i IE X '5 C e d 3 It bo o Ph 6 e '5 s 1 a xn i « O « 1 rr* e5 "a o 1 a; 13 J 1 s ll 1 C£A^SC'.S' RETURX 47 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 MNiO -X t-i—t--iO=CMi-(N 20 en-^ "fp TfCi Oi rH r- -i C^ O CI C5 C*5 lO CCi-H OQ TJ' :£ O I o 1-H -VM "^ TJ- CC W T CO CO c^n:c CO aOi-i t^io^ C4eo<-< ?C ^ coco lO e= co^ o 2 I OOO'-TO^COCON C t— M ?i ■^ CO I CO § I S I OOiCClw-t-COlO i-H ^ -J5 iM O «C lO .-I CO 1-1 N w i- -^ r* 1 M S="-3 S Is NrH CO CO O X — r-. I -f r-lN 1-H.-H I to ^ a= O •a 3 -1 Co B a- fid 1 I O03 eS o Eh 'I'll o 48 I < u H < 03 < m O o I— I > o DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS ii 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 •a[Bcaa^ •3FK a « •aiBina^j ■ai«K O O t» ^ z CO ^ •a[«ui3j •»I«H tn -, "^ > Is K i-i S ■" g •aiBcn'ij ■■'I^K a 2 •aiBoia^ ■dlBRt ■UB3BJ ■^STIUUOHTJ^ajSuOQ •}si?dBg •oijomisQ uuraojj •}s;poq59pj •u^ua^^qsajj •nBOjiaav "-< r— CO O GC CO iM j-i O 1-* O f Ci to •-< i-< N ciJ M CO 1* V X " •:3 >* i 0.2 2 o H h^<: -e a; i5 d § £ = CENSUS RETURN 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 N i-t ?i t- ■* • := -v s iO WM Mrt o ccc^-T -f s 1 CO 'WCOCO t-.3S C5 a 2 8 a a: -*^ •2 =■=-■; O C jj X -J^ fc. 27— ii-4 o So '% ' " • £3 X L> „ ■-3 ■ eS « OJ _ • rt « 00 a ^ 2 5 0/ -: c3 t.'S C ■a^ "a ill ^ ;5 I 9 3 ?. a 5 4J s » » 2 9 5 o 50 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 =Q < o o h- 1 > o From 65 TEARS UPWARDS. •Bxema^ ■" Z'-^'moT ?J CI T-t(M 1 •"l^K ^COCOCQW IS i rH . cc • c-i . 1 to From 21 TO 65 YRS., INCLUSIVE. •a[Braaj CO W-^ WM fH 1 •ajiBK ^S^£5^ l| Cl Cl y5 Cl 0 CO 1 t^ a >• B Oo S. •8IBU18JI (NOOOO-'*' S 22^ :^= S to - •ai«I\[ CO Tf X c: cc S -r N ■<»■ «^ CO t- 1 t- r-- rH C^ 1 «0 1 1 •aiBcas^j 1— 1 CO -*■ 0 ca 1 »o N=C^r.-*0 g Fb 6 TO 1 INCU •ai«K .-( 0 tCQO t^ 1 (M iH ?— 1 1-1 rH i-H It- s=g5"S;^ IS K .7: •8[1!tU8J ■**SSS |§ s:^ 3rH:C5D rH 1-4 ■3FI? 0 X t- 0 !D s eoic: rHT- HCOrHW to z 0 ■ubSbj : •{)6iiBaoiiBS9jSaoQ •?ei}dBg •DIIOq!(B3 U'BUIO^ • s 0 rH X CO CO -^ 1; •?s!poq59M l-H 1 CiO^O rn'^N ■ 1 •UBiaa^iqBSjj •uBDiiSuy Census Return. 116 !)2 167 155 147 Oi rH ?C « CO -I" 0 TT NNrHX 0 OS 1 a M EDMONTON AGBNOY. Enoch »«5 a; a a; 5 c s 1 i i ■ i « "3 0 « £ 3 B 0) i "-5 i s c 0 1 ** ^ CENSUS SETVRN 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 i-H X X o; s o ■n *^ 1-3 1< 27— 4i CO ^ n s -r.c ^co 15 iO-^ i-i o ^ t^ ?? ■q-CC ••* i-H COlO « !C • C 00 sc •e^Bina^ •aiBUI •aj'Bmsjf •at«H •^IBinaj; •aiBM •ub3bj UBpsuqg Jamo •!)si[Baoi}u28j3uo3 •}S!i}d'Ba ■oijon'j'B^ uTjtno^j •ijsipomajv]: •UBijai^Cqsajj^ • UB0i[3av Pi. I: 1^ ^ ' Cac '^ OS O o ^ s s^ , OJ C h^iz: rail PhiJ c8 A (4 cS c4 tn ai ? w w . a; 0) < a- 0 7:0000M C.2 O -S > O rtj .-H SPifS"^! P, 5 d OD 3 ac on ^'f^ 00 ^f «i! D » S = C SI oj rf_c a) o ^ 5 -g o H CENSUS RETURy 53 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 ■' CO n W^ : l^ |0 2 ISg i-t Ig w to 12 00 M -^ ^ 1= 'f r- r- « lO 1 1 IS? cj eoccM ^-rrt-^-- t^«c^ O ■^ f-l 1-. i-H 1 t- IS r-1 1-1 u !S3 1 Ci xm cQ-^iocc^ 'S'^so -v 3 .IS -)- g g ° ; § i ! : s: s: 1 c: f- -T ?: t.» s g It 3 c5 c: to © t-- * * X ■ M- -i- CO gggps 1 i 'C iO 5 < t "C t. rict ffonnoily Arctic imaux) ians where no agents. . . 1 at:— Northern • Yukon . Southern r Yukon iber of Indians in the tory concerning whom ve b ol Carcross . uano) i 1 &1 i 1 5 1 u. s .2 ri-i;-s s-H s -5 • 1 >. ,'*' « . 1 ■ Mission Scho Big Lake (K Tota Estimated nui Yukon Terr no details ha Tota Knglish Rive Barren Land Lac la Hache To Athabaska I) McKen/.ie D Keowatin I)if Ungava Disti Franklin I) Coast, K»q Non-treaty Ii To Indians of Y\ Selkirk .. Tathimon 1 Pellv. . . Moosehide McQueston Upper Pell Peel River Duncan or Salmon Ri\ Lak.i Teslit E c 54 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRfi 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 s 1:3 r-l O o a o ^ ^ > a Pi From 65 YEARS UPWARDS. ■aiuiuaj[ g|S?8KS?^S^2 . CO I'. •»l«M p. s <- c •aiBuia,j[ ta%£ ^ T ^ ' — r zr_co. id" Fh 21 TO 6 INCLC •aiBH lO O Ji Tf O .-H -i* O^-T* s OM 0 YUS., SIVE. •aiBiuaj -^cojioinio-Moit^i© • i-H i-H «— 1 rH i-H S Fr 16.TO 2 INCH] MIBK .-H (M N ^ :C CO M 1-1 — 1 Oi ■ X r-t « :o -^ ?J M O -T N ■-• -H rH M S H - O '.- JJ •ai«ui9j W CJ CO T-< CO T— CO !- 1-1'-; o to •^FW -f^wsio-.r-GOinoifM ?5iMC0i-ICQ iHCOi-H i-T Under 6 YEARS. ■ a[Bra8 J Min?D?CaiQO*fGO^C^ W Oq .-^ T1 CO ^ CO ; s « ■81«H -ffcoocO'^cDCiao^-H . .-T Religion. •uuStijj w ■sjaipa ireiisuijo JaqiO S :E:: : : •1— ( • ■ .- • ■ • • 1 X « : ; : ; S •;si[Baoi?i33aj3uoj3 ^si}d«a •DiioiciBQ uvtuoy o •}sipoina];\[ SSg :& .IS :iS . : (M t-t C<1 -CO -CO • W ■ • CO" •uuua}^qs9Jj "^ .... -3 •UBOi[SuY COCON - 3: X -^ ■ r-T ! o If thcoeoojOoooG^OfMco i-- MC^fwi-Tco* i-TcOi-T eo' -^ 1 1 .1 '•B 9 c Fraser River Agency Babine and Upper Skeena River Agen. Williams Lake Agency Northwest Coast Agency C c < 6 Kamloops-Okanagan Agency Kwawkewlth Agency Cassiar District Agency Nomadic Indians about 1 §§^==§3 (N f-l O O O ^H 1 ^ OOrlrtCClOm 1 rt ■no lo t-^ IS IS :d 'T s>i 1 X i-( CO O t- O CO CO SS"3SJ= IS; C^(N (N X Tf I-H O cox N CO O t^MlO'TOf-t X f-H rH o t- to It- XiO CO •CD 8 rH •W :| 1 2S W If? xco I-H 1 CO O r- CO CD ^ Q IC -*< CO t- 05 CO in>TP i-HOSiH CO 00- i 1 W O" f iO a "E 3. b; d i 1 3 t: c CEN8U8 RETURN 55 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 M 1— f-« CO t- C^ C-J ^ t— O CO iOrHCOt--^»n'-4t-iP230 ^ ^ r-i rH Cq N W « i-H rHfH i-tr-INiN W i-Hro-^MN-rt-;DN« iMiS;DC:i-t;rNOt^cO'' CO O CC in -T t^ r-( O 00 CO ■ i-^CO— tCOM'M.-<(NWQ0 Ocot--:coOi-.r-it>.r- 1'>^0 i : 2 ; ^ci • • • >,S 3 -iPc § « c . ^ * c 2^^ =--2 S^ s-r a ^— C-— ^ — — t»-*-»--;*3 3 (N W r-« i-H r-l f-l CO •-cSi-iXcoiooao COt-iOQ0«O5OT-iOl l-H ^ rHrH r-» l-H N N t^ t- OS CD o i-i »n i-lrH f-ii-H i-t 1-1 N OCO'^tCCO'^QOCO ^oa:xXiHt-Tt"co 00 O t-- t-'* c5i-i woo IS «; j: X o o 1-H Cl -J" I^ rH O ■^ CO (M CD O *^ r- I- 1~- 0 •o '.'.'.''.'.'. '. m o I-H IN 00 ^ 00 S ai P4 « « ! ; . ; ! ■ % h-4 PS o H OS H c-i H a O ?::..:: : 5 § s: 1 : 1 • SS : . : : : : ot- cc : : ! ! : : i §■ .;;;:■: ; ' 2 : . : . : ; : IS N (M ^ 1-t— i-HO-— '-^O lO CO co" Treaty No. 8 10 Athabaska District Keewatin District ITngava District Franklin District (formerly Arctic Coast, Esquimaux) 5 *i J 1 I > I E > 56 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 o < H < Q PS O si. From 65 YEARS UPWARDS. ■ ajisaia^ij 1 »n CO 00 -^ I- 1 CO C X C) 1 -cox XX I— c; ?5 CO - iC T-l (N I— 1 ■ --0 •9i«n t-XXN Oil— X;0 - 1 From 21 TO 65 YRS., INCLUSIVE. ■ 3IBUI3^ 1 WCiiCiM^DC-lXOin) ■ 1 't-OC-JO'-COiCCCO'-H ■ CO t-- ^ CI iC X t- CO ■ X* •«FH I CO eo to ,-H 1— o ■*»• CI b- 1 Cib-i— 'C0'JC1«— 1^— ' • CI t- ■>*• (N !C t>- iO N • J^ From 16 TO 20 TBS., INCLUSIVE. ■ 9[«ai3 J '^cii-Cic: oox« - ClNCOCO'-'COiOX'tD ^ iO i-l _ C^'J' ^5 M ; ^ •8FIM W iO ^ r- ■* CO CO ; From 6 TO 15 TEARS, INCLUSIVE. •eiDmsj -^eoococoC'Xf-its- . .-I t-H CO Oi M X •* O CO • O X W X X t^ -^ - c: 1- •aiBH XX-rfl-OC'COCOfM S -^ b^ t=5 •aiema^ Ci Tf l>- r-l N in CO c: O - IC C1 1-1 rH CO^X l- « ; c: ■"»FK t^i-,-i^-reOi--coc;.r: XC. X-HC-liOCOi-'O CO o a; •uBS^a CO : CO N o :0 «0 05X coco ■ ■ •■»»' SS : : :"- g CO ■i}si[Buoi}u3aj8uo3 "-i ; ; ^ ; CD •ispdea e : : : 1-- •oiioqijB3 UBUIOg OitOCO.-(^0*fC:cONCi lO coo^'-'XC^*J'^-c~-xc^ X •isipomapi '^'' 3,555 1,517 ' 1,533 1—1 •n8ua}Xqsajj OCO 1-H CO N ^ - ■ CO o « • ■ 1J. -T t^ ■ ; to ■we3\\Sxi\ CD r-< i-'co't-f to Census Return. X CO CO >— ' "^ i-i t- »-i I-" N C<) CO CiNOt-tr-t^C^t-'^^'^ "^ XiO.-^XN xcocs^ococo © co'>-^(M'r-r ■^ao't-^iffrJeo ^h ■5 & c c c c 1 o ■g c 0 pa 1— 1 1 s c (5 ci 'S E 1 a ■E P3 1 s Saskatchewan Northwest Territories i-< 0. ^. AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 58 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 li AGRICULTURAL AXD INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 59 00 o Si 4.^ o « w :d -^ N *0 ro X « -r r--:5 X ir: X c^ l-H X t- -J © :r o; o o ^ ® s ** i ^ ? ^ 60 DEPARTMENT OF ISDIAX AFFAIRS a o|.S 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 f 8ggg§88g8§S8§SSSS8SS88S§§S SOCO0»0COOOOCQCCOOOQOOOOO<0»C»C M C- CO N .-( cc QC/2 o o •6aqojnij3 ^ ^ M -"T :o r-4CC»HC^^--^Cl.-^rH^-^ OOr-MCC'XrHC-.ClO-^-XOl.-'^^CCCO t-Hr-»— C3N«^«r-(r-(.-irO . -rH,— MW — .— f^^ •sauiSng •BJ3l|S8Jl(J, ■siI!H 5S1J0 •qijH MBS tie 01 0. 4- " t-» -w *^ 00 O c c ce c S $.£ ¥ N^N-HCqTri-irHr-4irq,-i DO S ^ 5 ;;* «* fee o^ 6c^2; ii AGRICULTURAL AXD INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 61 §03 iggggggs < X C - S ^ gs o t~ s? "3 = g= 2^S,«t5^'S§M 62 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIBS 9-10 EDWARD VII.. A. 1910 < a o H < K Total Value of Private Fencing and Building.s. i o 9S. S8 8§8gSgiSiSiS§ii§8iggg5§5 eS 88§i88ggSS§S5agS§?5Rg?.2£g lO © CI o X © .-H -^ i:r -r n ■«• as X -- -^ i- ci n © t^ © t-- -^ t- iC ©^ rH N Value of Private Build- ings. s w m 574,015 00 22,300 00 31,070 00 26,000 00 41,.305 00 93, .500 00 11,000 00 43,300 00 19,115 00 11,135 00 10.3."iO 00 49,(;'.I0 00 io .i:Mt (in ililSI ' x' -r x' c^ i i--* -r ^r ro -^ " - Value of Private Fenc- ing. i 436,960 00 750 00 7,190 00 14,(KI0 00 9.500 00 29,500 00 24,100 00 6,800 00 7,43.") 00 6,318 00 1,900 00 761 00 540 (Ml 250 00 111,800 (10 785 00 2, ,50(1 00 1,400 00 4,88(1 (JO 3,600 oO 3,950 IK) 7,000 00 1,798 00 82 50 1,710 00 49 50 00 § 0 p CQ c < o z Kl Ed < 1 •squg UJOQ g r^ t^ oi cc -^ to r- • ■ ■ ,-H •* c •^ OMr- .... ,_, (?fl : • : •sasnoH >II!IM xo lOt^ioeox -x 'OM ■cC'Viox -^w o •sasnopf looy Tf(M lONtCCiC^Xt^CiX ^ ,_, ^ ^ CO I— 1 1-H ■ N m lo m = rH N o o •sasnojj ajojg g- ■* -• « « • C -3- T) t~ C^ N N in rH ^ . ■ ■ -.£ MM ... rr ■ T ■S3!?S Sid ,-( rH -^ o r^ C. C-1 © ©■ o --< XN N iH (?o CO tr c: 1-- w 1-< 1—1 -rrnncc^^Nta^iaa ■ ■ ■ •eaiq^qg eniBQ S^ ■ t— -.£ CC 1- -s- C-l cc ■»J'©'M©CO'«r^XiOCOCOb-!C: »:ri-(coM 1—1 it; ^<— i ■spaqgSaiAua s?- rt i-HCC « • G^CCN(NiO(N«i-lX ^ 1—1 • sa[qBig asjojj i= 2S8|SgS^S^S*|S!gSSSSS^SgS ■eWLVQ i- C 5 O C C lO o > N O t- '-'«-' ■^ T TT Ol C -^ C' « CI ^N ■ .-«co»o i-H- 5 ^ OP s^ ee s s ta s * 3 aj-= to c '5 rt a i!:- ^« *■-: £ 0:.= o-j: « 5 e 64 < a s > pan ssiaSng ■3niAUfl[ •S}J13Q •saoJtB^ •s{)uaai3[duii jtamo ■sj8,>qo [OOJ, •saaiq»Bj5 I Suiqaajqx I *'II!H'5uiua'Bj[ •so^ujj asaojj ■sjaputg •ai3j\oi\[ ■sa8((0}£ pnui •sjojUATung •snud paag •SMOJJBJf •sqSnoij to Oi-Ht^-r*f<-««-i-r i—r -f ceo to to 1" *■ coco oo w !C« i-H tn cc OO f lO •1-' • r; !N -J* -CC—OC^rH N iH riW ai'^ao»o-QO!Ooas 1-1 r- CO T CO i-H M iO CO i-» M'^i-(Wir;«'*«i-( t— ■»rCflNCii-I^COr-f COiHWi-HrJ.-^NaD t-OO • 5C » -^ CO CO »-t eocoN - 00 CO Tt» CO «-H a>ocooc4 C0t-OW50«N - -co 1 S?|S ^ gg'^'^a ; -g I-( ^|f5 r-iQCWOW.H'«J< -O " C4 CO 23,392 41b 558 350 kOO © ^00 - - i-« -PiOSoO • • • c4" X -r O 01:3 ■ ■ X ■ ■ -CO -rH 0 rH i-t tHC^i-l 0 to CO •^ ■^ '-g« : •COO OS «o 0 S5 1— < C^«Or-iW(M ■ -00 g S Sg2 : cw : . : : ;^ g 2?^ : -* iO • C^ W ■ ■ ■■J' 1 0 : : 1^ o cc xo • iOco^ ■ ■ ■ -co 1 0 : ; I-" wS 0 ■ IMX ■ ^^r-i . T^ : MS « l-C ■ ■ • »-t 1 -^ CO X ^ t i • ■^§2 : i-i'^x.r:4C(MO -0 CON (-" ■ -co 0 X ™ 3 1 > § ^ i 1 ^ 1 1 c E- "0 0 c 1, Is 0 So > 1 0; 1 27— ii— 5 66 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD Vli., A. 1910 OOCOOOOOOOOCOPOOQO'QCiQQ OOOOCOiCOOw'OOOOOOOOOOOO CC' CO « o H o s 03 o (1( •s^ionfj •9S89£) •S/Ca5(jnx •sSij J81110 •SAVOg ■sjBog^ •dsaqg •equiBi ■>[00}g Sunoj^ ■^o^ll'i 'SMOO •SJ89}g "l-iOAV '"^^O •Sling •S[1!0^,l •saiBj;^ ■uol^^"}g . _JOOOrH — . _ _ _. . — >-t^to»ncct-iNmo»Q ITS CO T-" ^ P5 35 ^ CQ ^ ■ O T-i o T^WCiCO'^iO Or-(C5«0 M O -Cir-lOTHaOTHMCOlOO cDo-+^ooot?s05oo«Di>.t~-inoioO'r»ot-iOio^ t-r-*o0 40c03:ocj^M' :Dc^r~-05^C^NM CD W rH CC r^ r-l (M COOO -N 00 lO W iH •Si C m -u • 0,1 0! t^S ..--S chJ ;" " - 4't §"8 2-§'> °^Tt< lt-5^-^ t-'^^^-' ; P,a ?03O-=5SOHa:'^72OHiJOK<;apS bog ii AGRirULTlIiAL A^'D INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 67 88 : : £ §55 :SS 88 8 8 88 : 8 g 1 in T • • § K^g is^igggSSg - 1 g S« ; ; t- cr W T ■ -n" W O tr3_"^ — C4_N • CC ^ ^i-T '. o" x'aTcr :1-^rHx'^f ^'n '. -xT (M IMCO . Cs -<)« SSS .iSSSSiSSS : o 1-* CC«C X ; t-i N W rH c^ X ^ N •* "¥ : .S : : « "^ : : § «s_ iH rn" "« :gS : : IS « I—* ^ 0*00 • ■ 1-iCCO • • ■OJIO C5 i2 CO CO '-''' -^ ox • o o o o o !© . "s »o ■ ic:o -co iONrH cc ■V Oi • — I-H • ^ CO ec X*CO f-tO^r-l • ■^ ■ ■ "c S «Xl^ • r-^r-i p- ^" t^ TT O X iON -. - » o m : : : : : : <::::::• m >t a 0 t 1 1 1 c ^ o *i =8 - — H ] H 0 Id ll?5 jo^>^; U-i ; 5*- 3.= W L ' 1- ! 1 27— ii— 5i DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS! 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 02 ^ I < a I— I o Eh iJ .COwiO(N O r-* CO o rr to O -X oco 00 t^ ■^(Mcc»ot--Oio:Di-«'^:0!Xi OOiOOOOOi.'DC^J'MONOiC'-iOtMOtMOOOOOOiO 3 i-H i-H CD N O -r 'J- t* N r-l ,-H i-H iH r-l •S1U8X ■^ •1' CO CD 1-H CD OCD?00iCDO^T'r-ICDOOi0e0O'*'^05'^ ■sd^JJL 1985g C^ 00 i?5 O M lO CD C^ t>- -^ CD CO CO 00 N ■4 .-I OHO CO CO oc CO^ *S^9N •sunf) ?oqg •sayiy 'SaOU'BQ .-H T-Hr-lOi-lCCCOCO'-li-t.-IC-lOC^ CO i-H W fH .-H CI '-' CO "^ 00 CO CO "S* — »CC-J'OOt~-CDCDCTl'^0^-rO-rOOi-"»OCDCDOt--^i—i2 TT ■* i-i CD 10 -^ »-' i-i CO 1— ' iM CO C^ «-" CD «— I W CC N C^ -^ CO M -T CO ,-( .-I rH i-H (M rH N 1-1 M ' CO ■* rH -^ r-l (M O.HOiCDClCO«.-HCON CO W-^CO M 1-* X'^JCOC>001cDCD (MiO'-i"^i-'CDcD»0 CO c^ -^ 'B^'Bog MO^ iOb-NOh-IMt-TrC^lOtnb-CSQO'Ht-.O'^iHr-l -Crnb-'^eO CO -'J'W i-HlMCOCO'^CO (MiHiM • iO W AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 69 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 1 ?i -i; r. j: -r o ^^■^^ci^'^^^-^ crcrt--^co aTyfr^id''— 1 4C jk •*" S ^ 1— ' O CC I—" t— < ■— I oooc t-- o o lO iT^ o o »;;■ o o c^i o o o i-^ S O m CC C: O !:<:■ O »0 t^ 'O o o I rt c^ o CO CO o o o c X ~. 1 w ;r t> ^ CO -^=^g^g -fiCo^coiraoooiMXr-oo eo in xmco.O0C' ■rHC^tOCOt-.-PO'-CCOiO »0— •••-H NCO CONCOI-- .-< CO -^ « O C^ is T-t c S.5 , 70 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRfi 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 3 M § S O h- ! Eh !» I— I < OD iJ << I— I p3 H OD Q 1— < Q ^ iJ <. PS U> H O h- 1 P5 O o rj o CJ --I rt* .-H .-J in n o ic o IT ic :d N i--; 00 Tf Tj- Q 1-^ o o t- m o ^ •^i-Ht-ot^ooi^cocoro 5 Jf5 lO iC O lO O 5 OO ffq t- O O iM 2 lO ^ ff-1 .-I •n^iccoocoMoo-ft-tn aocoo;;oiM'jrwOf-'COco OJ COi-H'fXCO'V'-l r-- in I a; o o in o 'X • t- o o cc :£ in r » o ■^ N oi m C .2 Si -a >,=^ O.I OO WO oo o 0 10*00001- lO ■* CS CO I— I 00 O iO o o o o i^ o: Ir^ c -fW-TT-iOOOi— IXQOC CI o ^ t^ ■: OOfNOOOOOOOOO OO«DOi0OC0l0'^Qa0r-t CO r-t CC O t- O 1-H CO ■^Ot-i-- OT i-T CO rH*' N (M* .-H CO OO'^iOOOOlOCOOiO'iJ' T-ii-HratdooiOTPOO-j" O X' O iO o o o o o o CI ■-; o T] O' m X lo o i>. CO -^ I— I CO f"^ '-0 ».o 5 . _C •*< rt tic O -« ' orarsJJ 5-^ 1 rt S , rt ^ ^ O j= O a^ ;^ ^ r. Q S ^ O Hcc ^ v: ::■ H t-30y: <: 2 Pi o t: ti o; jn O O CO .-H r-l ■ CCi— tuOONi-HM ■ ■ -d JZ O^ CIO t-^ CC CO N -r_ --1 rH ■ ■ ■ tM O 1 1 r^ "^^ : : ; •o -o T-H -csot-ooooooo-^ ■ ■ -O -X -N ■^ o IM ■rPfMCOCO'^XlMCCIW CO • M -rt X r~i I-l ■r^ !M O ■ CO -w ■PI'AV c r-T co' >. ^ c3 iMiOt^iO-— (OO'-i'*Oi0'rj'.-'>— -OiOCOXiOOOO -CO • .-t-C3JOOm-^CC(M(rOr--^l--'OOffOXt-OW 'OO • ce Ci^TTr-tCC^O-^Tf CM w.-.rir-..-- w •pa^BApino 1 I ■ . -^J • ■ o 1 OOOiOCOCO o -o o OOOO ■ ■ X ■^ CT 1 -ps^saAjEH 1 o f- -^ ri • CO ^-. Oi r-. n-f ■ _WTf siaqsna '-' r-r.-<" rt" -«| 0-Ji. -«1 -+r-«« -n to ■OlONrt 1-1 "* 00 o COtP • ■n'lO w .8 1 •u.ttog sajoy • "(M l-H 1 '^Ot-OWO -iCOOO -o 1-* OOiOOOO -r-i ■« OOCC'OrfO Cl^OlO -lO ■M OCriMiMCOO -(M -OJ 5 1 •pa}S8AJT!ff cc CO eo cs ■ N iC CO -f -co CO •r CO o t^w X •■* ■ spqsng WrHrH : • -+T ■ - ---fK»+ r+t ■-+? -+ O H -*oo ■ M -.-KMNiO -cr. ec (NinO'-'t^irj -O -W g •UAVog saaoy • 1-t a " OOiOO-^O -OO 'O -o lOCiO -r-t-c r- -n QOiCCSiOClO -lOCC O ;rr t-- o ■.-iin« • X ■« •p9:js9Aai:ff Oi-H .-H t- - WW rH W • CO CO ■ • g 2 <8 siaqsng -«! ■ ■ KH- • -«4 HW-H- (M -+!■•-+* < o *co "X) -iM W W -f^ O N ■ CO ■ .,-, .,-1 ■UMOg saaoy r-0t-4 0.-i'=:orr. ccwooocwocotMowoinoox CS mo-^oooomr; ^-fOCi!r:.-'c:ooyD'M--0(MiQcoio o ■pa^saAitJfj siaqsng !rC0'TlC:X'--O'rQC^^t-CCTf^C: ClOOCC-^ClOf-lt-t-N O -+f -nH'MH-«! o wo-^Cr-ieootNb-to— •totoeoeo'i-ooictMiMONco'^M (S 'Mm>-«occocoaoT-iX'^i-.rH •-• "^wtMt^coci coi— ico •itAvog sajoy W 1-1 ^ CO ^ CO rH -fil . . coi--»n©.-iinococD "S-oo-^ocoriioioi^r: CO -T-NCCt-Clr-l lo ■ o M CO lOC 0(N unm o xt ■ ■ ■paqsaAJUjj (M ■:Oi->COC^i-Hh-.i— 'fHiMt- ■ • 5 spusng CDCD t^OS W 00« -H ; CO 1-1 N r-l --' CO rtN.a^" : : •u.viog sajoy w cqi-ico»Oi-i « c > ^ O bo 1 1 < ncy- noy. Age < 1^, o tonde tende guas) ■> c c s c .-■- ECS)----------=--------.-- 111^ " " and River rry Smmd w Credit ( ilpole Isla: rnia radoc jiavian initovvaniii re Bay essalon nit Ste. M: rt Arthur irgeon Fal Men Lake endinaga ke Siincoe pe Croker iigon nwick id Lake ce Lake ristian Isl; inora rt B^rancea vanne p. a. ;2 ^ :^ 6 ss c ^ C3 O^ C > k^ r c S ':£ 5=g«'^J ii AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 73 1^ : : :^ b- ■ in •in " SS : : : S coo -o oc ^ ooo inwoo -»* c:oo-occc^*n to in O -(M (N — ■ 1—1 1 -r •4N CD 1-1 CD § :f ; :sg ;2 - . . . ^ s in 1 -«1 ■ --tr O lO ■ -CC ^ ■ »-( ■ ■ ■ CO l-t o • -mo £ : . :^8 : • : N O Tl moo :| 1 t- I -,-.00 i-fi-i ■lO eo 'n; oo •«: o g ^ o 1 aa '■ '■ '■ 1-t ■ ■ : 1 128,165 4,700 1,200 10,000 486 204 3,900 2,000 in cc o ■ o ^■' o t-O - O 05 «- m c : g g : H <) 1—1 »3 H 00 Q ■ ■ I-H •anojg 'sgmjp.wQ ; : : 1 : : : : 1 : New Land Improvements. •paona^ pnuT; 0) < : §s : I-H • • S •ainijjsagjO] paddoj3 puB-j O eocc ' i - i (Mco ic -cfl -o IM o 00 I-H •ua5(o.ia pnij'j o coos - - . . 'oiw -o • •paji;a]3 puB^j _; -Or o'co-iO rH Q r:i „ 60 bb ■^99SSQ25S'2S2'^^^'^'^'^'^°'^'^®*^'^ !K b CD i 3 C.C o o O O C "■ O — O f-H Q < o 25 3? CJ ■ i ^1 S ^ 3 = ^ ^'i = ?i i i .Ig0§§«lgl tJS — ' OiO c- O O -H < X o si £ td k5 la 1© ^Wr-Tr-T rjH CO -r c< 13 bb to :gigiii5i5=ig 5 i § = 8 g =. S = O m "IMC Cd u s>..s o o in £ 51 •"] £ If '/ -3 c ^1 - = '.Q = = = o .i § 5 0 CIO CO c; t- o o m p •^ H 5-^j2 • ir:> cv o ■■M cC' X cc *o cc w L- ■Jg i~ -3 .n -T -T t-co ::;_^ c-] O :5 H 55 m i-Tt-T cJ" i-r(M'cO(?3 m" co" cfirf ci .-H Cl -H . 'T3 in o o o c: =5 ■ o • lO -■ o X o o • O O'O i t^ O :^ in. C O ;0 ; Ol '3 C CO — = ■ o o o t> lO •^ - Ci c: l^ O •O ■ -V r-i " o in lO -f ■ -POO ■:;^i-3 -2 (S -Ot-i u: 1- ■ O ■ -r t— 1 ■ c CO CI CI ■ xco o III «© (N ! (NO lO •CO - 1— 1 Cl o id 'x 0_ rH . C'CocoooeC'Coer O =: :r ■=■ - 22!£ K • *s C;' = t=:C = CO=:r -=::=- c £■ o c c c o oo o m o o &) 9i c or O' O C: C O C' — ■ C: '-T — ^T: ~ c lO .r. o o o o o c o pox (M C C C 1— O O O I- 71 = L- - ■c '.'^ I- = o X c- o o -T- m o s O ■— . O CC T— CO C: t-;_CC 1— ^^--t^ I- r; CI c o 1- T-t t-- o^^ .-t in; CO &r1 «© cr e*f cT -h" ^" o' c*5 irf' c" l'^ '^' 'C ■-£: 'cOi-Tr-TiOco t-Tcf x" cjcfcc '^K gg %^CO^CD ««^^^ ■^ rH ClOC ■ o■:^.:r^c^o — OOO ■ c o o o c m ic oir: te O C' =■ o o o o c o ■ o o c^ o c o c; O' o c) b- o o o 0Ci-(00OO00 • OOOOOiOOOOC^XOtO . -»- u- c ooooooc:o;^ • »o CO »c o o i-Hinooo-^oox ^<4-, ot:: o CCC; O-^i-tiOr-lMlO ■ i-t-i-iooco«0'lir «© .-Tco c^i-T -^ : ■^ cf '-^'' >a -^ o e8S8§88gi8SiS§^S§8§g8SSS£Si i-HOOOOOO(MOOOOOOiMC^OOfMOOOOCOOCC SSSowoSCi-S'iOOCOLriOaiO.CO^JOQO-OC^iOC : n-a =.:; wc-it- = OrHOTr ei_-x CO 'o IT "^ :^ lO en to ir3 t-- o c^m « co ^ ^ cT t^ ci" co' co" ■*' cT lO -*' crT o' -r .- r-Tcf i-Tco'cc -* id cT wcocq G5 W tal Land rove- s and lings. OOOCO'O -cooooc o o o o ■222 222 i ^OOOO'O -oooooc o o o o ■ o o o o oo o jlO O' o o o o • o r^ O' o o c ;gSg8 ■ t>- o o ■2Ri2 cA-5'?-5c in i g8§iS§ -SSSSSi 8 :S8 ; :° ': :S8g en C^]_-1-C~l_MCi^^ • -^ (M O^CO CO .- CT T-'r-T .-H ! r-T .- o " oc o ■ g : llll i •ggOg _ ;gO ; s 88 8 "TgSS ■O •o O o ■ Cl 1-- tC cc -^ (C s i^ 8 • CI tC o ■lO rH ca — > E.!» ^ CO.-^ _ ;inll= Or '. 1-*" 1 ■> - i.:> 4) . § :g^ : oj • aJ-:r- . 1 O ■° ■■^%>. < •9 -Sis.' = = : r = = = = O 13 3 ■ c^-a x C ce lit o p. a u c s a 111 > a a: i. Li "^ 1 IE a c c J 7" .2i- 4 .1 to M B 5 c lit :cM|i I c > AGRICULTURAL AXD IXDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 -H en to I- o 3s" cc c-r t-T -f ■^' -r ^ c' -m' x" '-^ c i-«ssi c o o (--*-- ^ o c c: cc r o cf rf of c^' ^ i-T cc" 'S io ej Of To Q O M OOOO O C^ iO O IC O O n iG O »C rH O M f— CC O T re ■n- ct oi wl w ;^ o o o C ic =: •^ W l-H Soooooooooco SiiS 2; c c 5 : O C 2 O O c^ Ol .-I '-■ --3 o o to o t^ o tr: c c ■— o io i-- CC <^ O :r: ■ O C^ re r- CJ O O IC o in re O ^ 9 C : '5 2 g o 3 S , ■ 78 DEPARTMENT OF ISDIAX AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1S10 < Q o H < 05 a < n X Eh o § c D n o ea ■33J> 'SSTl,I3dOJIJ S cts. 8,600 00 7,300 00 9 i : 00 ■ SiSsggi S CO rt O iC o c 88 GO 1. ■sauaaji ;-- -^ -- •sSuipiing jamo Tf-3. CO ;l '\ t-l r-* -■ ; ■spaqg SuiAug -H i -^ : : •easnojj tooqog cccc cc ,-t - ; ^^ r-t 1-H »-!,-< iH •sasnojj jiounog " s' o : --< •sanoJiinQ CCfH t'- iH .—1 ■ ^ :^„rt^ •XjauiijoBj^ .lamo •eaujSng; •sjaqsajqx ■ '"' 'm\M »SU9 ■si[!H '^^S Lands and Sources from which Indians Derive their Support. •^UlSl-BJ-J^OO^g Ut paSuSna jaqmii^ • (M (N • • fH ■ n ■ Oct- •eau^snpat jaino ui paSuauajaqutn^ N O CO : :SS SSS : SSsSS •Smqsg pus Sutd UI paSeSua jaqiiin^ 3" i S • S : :gS CQIM (M - 2S" : ■Suiuiavj ui paSB3u'a jaqmiivi gS s CO ■ CQi-HO OS -lO ■ 1-iNN ■ •UOI}1!AI}piO 1 ^gi IBinaVjapu^i u 1 s •UOT^ -TJAHpiQ japun ^oii jnq paaBa]3 ** § g3 -/I g t a: a 1 1 ^ 1 B c 1 IS t: c c S £ 1 Prince Edward Island. Prince Edward Island Superintendency < : % ■■ Z : >. r -5m 3 .SfS.S a66 * * : c ; o •u -J '-§ « ij D O O c c ti s r 1—1 .•a 1 1 i £ CQ CD 1 U AGRICDLTIRAL AXD INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 79 gsifggs io - ec in '-' CCi-iQCi-H ss lO t-Ci CO .— © w ec cc oi »o r* in: r-* CCQOOOOClt-OQWi-H OOC0CC(N«iOOC00 • Ol iC CO =c ■ C' -^ c: W iO CC X I-" N t^CC ©!U5 1-tCO gs o be a V II ,- s i " C 0 S fc-° 2 O .-" =* C '" <= ^ - fS e5 80 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAX AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 8 S S (5 00 o t-H 32 I— I <1 H H cc t) Q !a I— I Q < H h^ t> O l-H o to S I— I fa o H Pi Total Value of Private Fencing and Buildings. $ cts. 23,500 00 24,725 00 § CO 8,348 00 QCOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 00000000000000=0 Oinooooooooomomom OtMOl-COOOCOOTlC^'Ct-Oin-t- f-HXCOrHf-HCCWmmOiOt-QCt—GOt- i-Tr-TrH r-Tr-TtM'co'rH J2 O i >< OJ 1 5 c u a; 1 c O T3 a -a S O 3 0 CJ 09 ^(t '-S S 3 O O -g o 1 1 o •a § < 5 O § q a l-H oi 1 CJ > o Q '> S 1 £ H S o AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 _ ^ o — — — — — — — — — > ^ — oo o = o — — — — — — — — — . ^ .— . 1^ in o 00 !>-Cl .n n TT-.a a; ir ■ eg o la ""* f f-i oo c o o o5 o o o o O ^ ■— -^ ■— o o o 8S — — ,-^ ,— O 3 ,— . o t-- O iO f:i -* V — — ; -f 71 C^ ■X o cf «-• S8 IS oo I o *n o I cc o 1.1 5 c" o c; ?i -r C5 ■* t- CS cc cs t-- i>. ac c. cfl o c-1 ^. w -^ cc CO in c: M :^ ID O -I-" CO CI N 1-H C«5 • rH »-i w in o o -^ o t^ cr X rt -»• r^ o M Tf X 1-1 »o COCOt--C<)CDrHTr"CClO COOJOOCO »0 CO O 00 iO ■^ t- 1-1 00 rj §s 4C :2 -j« X ^; ;c -^ c^ a I? s = <^ ? 0. > •- ' ■ * 5 g S So -^^ c 2 £ ij 0) t- O c e o 27- Ss2 I = t3 g 5 OLT « w r - -3 82 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 3 S'S'O O C5 Ou-^NO^OOOOOOOOO h- r-T rH i-T I rC CO l-H Q O >H H 1-3 < O CO H P- ■3niAU(j ■tmSnBjfi •S?Jt!Q •buoSb^ •e^eaqo looj. ■saniqDi3j\; •ej|ipi3aranB,iI ■sasfBy 8SJOJJ •sjapuig pue sj.)dB8y •saaMOj^ •sj3{ioy puB^ ■sjo^'BApino ■siina p3»s •S.ttOJJBJJ •sqSnoij r-l O i-H ^ i-H :S r- V^T-i QO IM l-H lO CO l-H (M -5* cit ■^ '-' C^ X) f— : C*I .-ii-((MMeoincscoi-icooi ?q T-< 3^ cs .-( m ■* cc i-H m cs as o • c • • c ■ ( ) ■ :< .! ' b . > a to •?? ■ a ■ c ^! _ >.-i: ■ ■ i;- n fjv H f? " ^^ = cq 1-^ III < > 1 is s •< J ^ : =« 27_ii_6i 84 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Q o >< O 03 f4 3| $ Cts. 3,255 00 3,970 00 8 0 to OOOOOOOOOOOOCOOC'O ooioooocoj-^ooci^-pc c; 0 'P ■ t3 1" •snaH pUB S5(0OQ 100 ESS 8 03 g 0 0 -f Ci rH ■ rH -M 0 • oooinoofMinoco ic 0 c^ (M 0*0 -^r r-t 0 w rH r-. "^ r-lC^ •BJlonQ :" : . : . :^* ■asaaf) S SS : • : : ■sA8>[jnx 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 " : : : 3 0 •s3id jamo TT W ■ (M ^ (M -rH . ■ 0 ■ •SMOg ■ OS OS .i^) . ■ - . t^ . •sj«oa ■ .(M ■ •daaqg ■ 1 : ." : i?J ; : ; . :"^ : •squiu'j ; ; ; to 0 ■ . . . . . .—1 . 6 jjoojgSano^ S s- 01 -^inooco ■*'*^e;T ' ■>Ft!W 'S'»oO .0 00 CC r-t s rH - ■ - i-i C3 • 3 •sjaaig g . -wcsi CT - . -r i-^to t^ • •JlJOAi 'uaxQ W r- ■ 'Cq-^ ... .c^ ... . •sung 1-t rH _ . . . .^CO ; CO V 2 0 W •e[B05 W (N M rH rH ,H •saiBpi puBsSuipiaf) ^^ s «2 • ■ ■ ■ m .-H CO tC rH .-co C0r- '. ' . c _ _ _ . D - - - - 0 oi 3 ■ '• -A • ■ 'Z ■ ■ ■ c I : :J • : :i • ' ■ ? ill Richmond County Vintnrift •. _ _ u s 1 s. 0 AGRICULTVRAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 85 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 CSIO 18SI 1— CC0CX'COGC(NCOC;CC' o m o t~- 'O X io o t-, -^ t-- --H t- X CO I- CO tC r-t C X C-^t.--. "Tj- 5CC OC C5 ii- _ S5 3 : 15 I s PNWt- .-< ocaM"t-tcxoc ■— t- Oi -^ X c: t CO :c>cc X :; in -.-iMQOinf-twic ■^ C5 CC t- C. CO "^ ccco ■?i tr iC «n c i- c CO (t; X M :o t-- O X If? CO X X CO cc lo tno eo .-H IC (N t-- T 4Q . o o P5 - ce • < • c c "', O c tcQ -*i 23 c X i-JS^ ■- X C ^ tJO 5 > - I "u i£ T* ~^ o^ £.^ DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS c S ^ > * 00 c OtfJ K o Ed Gd OK JO 9n{'e^\ I < g o >^ H JS-O r> tf ?=^ o w = = = :-C 5 = o ■a t;S c^ S " =.i> >." 5- -<^Z>«5'Sw66Sd AC.inrULTl HAL AXD ISDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 o w W GO c X 1^ r- -.s c-1 ..r; t- ic ir: tr: -j: X 'M Ti fec5 o o >'S' a £ s-» 4^ - - be :^" ^ » =**• ® S f I^T'c? •f^O u I. 3 2 - -^ ^ o Eh DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 11 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 < l-H rr/ X. i c c C! 2 1; 1 > i d i Q -3 e s ta := Ph S 1 ■> K o O IB a> 1 -ings " ueens " [alifax " II 3 c 5 Q i ol<-J ■Sts 11 ^''^ <^;qpHj^c*ffiffio6pH<:p^ ■ ii AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 89 iC O O OC t^ C « lO O oo OOi-H ON O C (M .-IN »0 t-N O C P O CI i-H ON O Ci cc c: cc lO -r N ;i — ( -x t- N CO N M CO f-< rj- I I iO O (Mm 1^1 c ■T3 W o — H o o O P I2 •jz c ^33 1 i c a. J 1 b 1 > 1 J c < Ricliiiiond County Victoria m ii AGRICVLTVRAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 91 Is ocsac lO ^ M to .-' X — o ir: in o o C-l O JC X X o r; ri o r: ^ ■»!• gj I-l -^ cc c o o CD ^ o »n c^ c-j CO t^C^ TO CO « rH CD s? a: =5i ** r ? i. i a a s a Ohio o O a a a; j^ 'J S 3^ -^ = X s ? a (- 92 DEPARTMENT OF IKDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 s a Q 1 1 u HH H CS w tXi h-' H tH < ni H < < W t— 1 H H r/1 O !2 i5 a K t^ D M 1-1 Q fn 5^ tel <^ r'5 < o Pi H O O < > a; < a: t-H Total Value of New Land Improve- ments and Buildings. •S cts. 640 00 430 00 s o o^ 300 00 100 00 12.500 120 00 275 00 .5000 20 00 160 00 275 00 205 00 26« 00 4,800 00 500 00 Value of Buildings Erected, % cts. 5.50 00 60 00 s © CO © o 100 00 moo 100 00 200 00 20 6o 150 00 275 00 100 00 26S 00 4,300 00 500 00 Value of New Land Improve- nienta. Z cts. 90 00 370 00 © © © © 1 1 : : : : : . 00 OT 00 OQ 00 ei 00 oz 00 OOQ 00 QOl BuiLiiiNCjs Ebectkd. •SqUQ UJOQ J ■sasnoH ^niM i \\\ *"';*! •sasnojj ?ooy •sasnoqajojg I I i I "^ I •saijg Sij 1 : : j .■,-t ... rH .« • •sa[q«}g aiiiBO o • •spaqg SaiAUQ •saiq^lg asjoH rH •9ua«g; r-l *"* ! ' ' i INiHCO ■ 'sapu^qg 'O" -H ■CO CO ■ -ca ■3oT 'san;i[aAiQ rH • ■ - •^ ^ - ■aui«J^ 's^uqiaAiQ t- ■ t-- rH ■ CC Wi-H ■ ■ -J ^ M ■ CO -^ ■>lDua 'sauiQaAiQ •auoig 's3utII9AV(J MM < New Brunswick. Richibucto Superintendency . . Freflericton n 3 a "E <: - a =? I 1 Q C pi 1 ■ 3 < . ! : cQ ■ : : < ■ ■ : > • . ■ o : : : ^ i' ■ I'"' .2 2 7 E.3 ^ C .1 :f } ^ C " S * - a -_! ; c • 5 ;e : b :J "c ■ c 0 t Richmond County Victoria AORWVLTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 88 O o S8§§gS8S§ M 8 © rc ?? t^ ■— 1 -^ m 00 t>- oo o ii§8§i8i§ : S oo o O O CO ooooooicco • in cr> :D Mc-i o — c^" »5ci . 1 ^'' 88 8 :gg2§og -g ; © © ■ C O -■ U-. O © • O ■ in r^ .»0 _: i-H •« eo Mr ; : ; wrt 00 1-* . -W lO • t^ . . 1 ■ .: i ; ;::;;;! i i-H « ■a' ; «D ; ;-T : ;(N • ; "^ CJ-H l-H :s ■ .-1 c-nr; ^ f-« s-1 • W •V r-< »-l a: m :s as --rr-ttc-^ ■ •* •••■■•••>>■ c • ::.:.:: » ; <; . • >. ■ 1 ;;;;^;:;l: ; - C : 3 : o .... c . : c3 • '^ ■.■.:■. .^ ■>.? : : 'o : :| 2 : : : : -c :S.^ : ; t ■ • • • <5 ■-- . ■ c% 5 & 55 O « 4 ; -I ►JU •:: » "1 ^ = = 3 # J, t- S i S =!= S O uj « Oil ' 0.- «!.9 -- ea - 94 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRf? 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 S o o ?; I— I o t) Hi < Q < H O Pi o 03 O O 1 o o o o o o o c — o c o o o o c o • „°» OD oS 1 S o cocooccoooo-coo ; o o c 1 o ** o o o o i^ o lo o IC in o o r^ « o • c9 2 C tO^ ti (M S O O O O! O C-1 C: CC CI -X ffl oc 52 o • tra -^ :2 t^ X rr « t-- -r -r « lO^co ^^^cc x_ 0& 1? § oo" rn'M'r-T cf-i-'ci -r 'S^i£r:cc-rco t-^cC ! 1— ("^ fH O O 1 o o g§2ggg§5=§§g§g§ : y 5 So 1 o o - o c o o c o O' lr^ o o o o c r: - c c c o ■ 1 S oc o in c t- c ^-: e = o :; ci e = =■ = ■ ■■" f jnwcs o^-rc^*---?, ini-c:= • c3 "^ "S " 9& CS ■* 1 CO -* t.s V. oc o o — fcC' o o »r 8 o O C' O O' o o lOcoM— 'OOirSo • TJ ^ (N iC (M O lO f— iC O O K 5 X E-i 2£ 2 m S^S cf .-^cq wo (M OQC -Vl- • — "2 i •g 8 .8 • ^i^ o C o :" : .iiJiS C^ (M ig| m, pi|CE; o o o O O O O oo o 88SS88§§ . 5 oc o OOO OOO teg t^ o o o o o o O O O' o O' 5 o C' o o oooooooo ■ oi »oc- -r CJ i E P-c « i-c- b- c; to co'c :r ; i-Tr-? c £.£ c ii 3 s? i : O 1^ < ■s ■ c : >. T. c s c o B lU c a; < EC 5 c o to < o J5 • CO ■ 2'- 2 : a 1 ;2; c O 2 T3 C ■ ■ ■ *« ; •& 1 i o P4 g= = = = = = = = = = c_a 2| H ■13 •2 s 5 fe i la's » £ ".^ W ■cS 1 _ >. ^- SgS.Sfa a C s c < "a X a: > P 'Eg 4 1 0. ■c .1 p. t c < 1 > o * AORICVLTVRAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 95 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 88 C O j C5 §8 O Q c o ' ir:> in o I **■ CC CO TT m cc o c-1 '.r Ci >— ' ~ c 'O (n If; — ^ — ^ —. r - ~ I- t- o tc ^ X r-t -T r: t- -*^ -r" x' «' c^' »ri" cT c' t^ --H ic" XOCt-Cl—'^Or-^O'-H N T— •* C-I C'J ooo-rrooocoo OOOOOOCOOQ* oocooooooo oooooocooo o ec c 1-^ cc o o o '^ c cm' ■^* -f" ^^ t>^ t-^ :r" ef x" CO O O O C^J O S lO C: O O f 00 O X .- 1-.0 o :d to o CD i~t lO OCCrC'OCCOO'Q iM -^ C' c. c^ ~ i^ -r *o o ^2 o 5oe oc o o m o o o c-1 ?r t^ i.'^ *n c (N l^— ,C CC — :r r- -f :c o c o c; cj *f M M o t^ ;^ ec o w Ci o; rt ^ c .3d 2 E- 5 S = * «j b 2— i j: " 96 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 h- 1 o >^ H •saujaji ^ : ' : : : : M * ■ '!-( ■ I-I •sSmppng Jamo t-- C^ ■ iO I-I ■ « 1 - ^ '-' : ■•■*•• iD spaqg SniAUd iH j j -co 1 ■* 'M • ^^ -* •sasnofj po^og osccocoeOiH ■ CO CO \ y-i ■ COb-COCO • P, •aasnojj [lOunoQ iH rH ■ N Tp •saqoanijQ ?CrH COO 1-* M ■ s CO • JN iH •«« 0 i-t •jfjamqo'Bj^ J^H'O ■•* -* J5 :S^^ ■ •r-' • 1 •sauiSug I-I -I-I t-*N rH,-l(MiH 0 1-H ■sjaqsaaqi ,-1 '.-H ^ IM i-.COC^CO f •SIUIM ^su£, M - • j(N ;^ I " •siliW '""S '. '■ '-T-i '• ' rH • '.-1 • • - Lands and Sources from which Indians Derive their Support. •aulSlUI-3ID05g ux paS^Sna jaquinjij i-i CO ■ 1-1 t>-eo CO i-icooscsinco-^ooiOio CO rHtHC0tDOSl--:DCO-^ ^ !-■ ^ .-'■-1 0^ •saiJisupui jamo u; p'aSuSua' jaquin^ I-i ■ • 55 (Mi-.rH •Sujiisi^ pu^ SniddBJx 'SiinunH u'l paSuSua jaquinfij COCO ■ ■ o ic u: I- 00 c: Ci 00 »o » (>< IMr- ^.-las -* ^ ■COt- t^co t- •T-i r-l I-I 1-1 1-- ui paS^Sua jaqmn^ ^^ : ; ^52 i CO CD •UOI} -■B.AilinQ jun^Du .lap'ufi CO r - -f ^' CD (M o 00 ^ 1---2COO — ' iyj -f CM CO l- CO CO g; ,-H- cfco CO co" th" lO'"i-H"rH"rHN OS .-1 •uoi^'BAiiing japun ion inq pajBajo »0 QD O Ol Oi Oi ■* H iO (M i^i 1-1 OJ 1-" „; O'TOs^Oiaot^ g citn lO'^'o I--X 2 i-lr-(COi-H I-I < en —1 OJ 10 <£> (M -y I-- c: 0 1- l- 0 OCNt-T-<(MO— COr-C eg r-l rH 1— »-l rH ,-1 1 Agency. 4 g < t t j :& ■ ■ 3 0 Eh ■^ ^ -^ -*■ TT - d iz; . ■§ f ^iDiatr>lD HEWAN cy, Tre ?< : § ^.§ n£ v^ Saskatc Pelly Agen Valley River Band . Assiniboine 1 Moose Mountain 1 Qu'Appelle 1 Crooked Lakes 1 Touchwood Hills . Battleford 1 Carlton 1 Duck Lake 1 Onion Lake 1 ii AGRICULTURAL AXD INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 97 s 11,7(11 00 0,-125 00 1,100 00 11,000 00 3,100 00 30,200 00 14.350 OU S '..'■'■ -t-sy '■ m U'""S : : : 8 . . .^H • • • ■ - • '-y-tr-i ' -.H ■ eo • • - cc • 1 03 • 1 CO r-ir-t • ■ • -r^ : CO W • ■ • • 'r-l (M . . r-^ ■ ■ • • ;h IM .-'•"■•♦ -iH • « OCT. ■^'OXOh-.-l CC 1^ -^ ■T". •— ' tC lO o c ^ «^ 3 >i 3 « «5 0 ii AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 99 CrOOOOOCO 1 r OOOOCOCO *=" o c o c o ir:: t^ o 2 t^CtOCCCX"^-^ ccco^roos^r. o h* i£ tc r-Tf-r^'t-ro'^o cT »-T-.N5^r-t ^r-l r-l '" ooooocoo o oooooooo o i:; oooo i:: oo o cSc^-MO-r-xci-ff CS x-ri200— .coo ■^ -t* ^o -^ ^ cc t* CO ^.-t Wi-H 00 oooooooo 1 <=> oooooooo 1 o iO o o oo o t^o 1 (M ^ — -^ o o o ire o lO ^ o c o .-^ u-. o i-T t-^t-^^^■'Nc^ to m r-CC ■^ »-<»-< C4 •d* • • •Wt-i • ■ t- O -NOi-iXX o Tf* M i-H0C0OO»0 CO "^eCCCMiHOOCfl lO 1-H i-H -c (M ■ • -f-HCC ■ • . so (M ■ ■ ■ w iC r-( CO ■H' 00 !>• O • i" tC 00 > a> H < t- >> e o u C--..-- S »• " " - ea Z tc < < 1 Jl « hj -* * S > •^ ca C ^ 03 , -2 = S aj ._ 0-5 c I £j:= >■. Sjt-c ts S _ ^ 73 27— ii— 7i Li 100 DEPARTMENT OP INDIAN AFFAIRS S S o H en (—1 H ■< CO 1—1 P5 a; t:3 P 1—1 Q !5 <^ ^J ;^ H & O (— I o I 3 (—1 &^ o H 1-3 f* .JW -^-t--r-^Tf-f-r^w^OO ?; « I si a o:SiJ o-^ P-i_^Ph s '^•S ^— - 3-Sa.'5 = ..2 ciJ- i: "^ ii AGftlCVLTVItAL AXD IXDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 101 1-- o c l-H = H ■S < C H t^ (/J 1 <1 1— 1 hH e3 a H z O) t) pE4 P O !zi >H 1— 1 H h-l O o'l-T^x Ci'tC-^ 1 S N cf X* c- r 3~ --r" ^r c-r cfi t^ CO " 1 0- rs I^Ph r-. -r CO.-I 1 M CO r-i-jco:oo:D'^'^ CO 1 <3 >'^ 1— < ^^^-g « O ON -^o CO 0 -OOOCDOJO-^O i-H •SU3H .dJ(M 3D • I^C5 0 -?TC0-fO--«**OO CO ■CO - . . N • ■ ■* 0 f^-^ ... .CO - 00 O •sjTioa ~"^ 0 0 . . .Tfi .C4 1 CD •d^aHS CO CO . ■ . r-< • 1^ O ^ O 00 t-- :£• -* Ci Cicoo— '(--o^NC. co«r -r S^ •31D0JS -^ -^ CO 00 O --IS r-i 0 — 'Wt^ocoot^coxnac CO N Ot-h (N Qt CO i->*oW'*'v-T'*ir t-- aunoji;^ '^ 1- eo 0:0 0 WI^MC co coi-nrom-^csO'—ot^x ico •qopjAI CO »C 3D 0 0 00 C^ IC O(M-^3:c:OOX^OC0 0 (M iOriT-t^ ■V CO eoiMTPNioeoc^ 0 'SMOO rH CO* 1 ^ ^ (M c: 'M 0 0 CC C^ C ^ (M CO 0 0 •- ic in CI 0 t^ 1 cc J 0 CC -f -f C*3 C*5 oc CD eot-corrt^^xx OS 6 •SJ8d^g N i-H rH jr !M i-< CM 0 GO 'M (M (M X 0 ir^ r-- X X «■ 10 tc 0 r; CO' -r c 1 T-t ■^JOAV'lI3XO CC CO CD CC i-H CO cr Tt" CM rJ CO -r CO Ci -S- W CO 1 1-t (M iO ■^ M « Oi (M CO r-CiHCMTfOlOiOlMOi-lW IC-) •sung iH CO i-H t- 1 .-1 OT i-(WCT |S ■*t»b- -oo •<:: •X • ■ lO ■ 0 10 to -Tp --f ^ •SIDOJ N ■ -.T -J »' « •A , < j= i >^ oa E4 ' J P >. < '. > 1 < ' y M >> . 4) " " " " ' , _ 1' " " p s s 1 ^■5 S ^ c2 4'^ Lo 1 HrtC 3 £ 3 !S 0! =: C AGRICULTVRSL AND INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 oooooo55 f rp c*r*rf cC 3 coco . j o t-, iO « e-i ?5 -^ ^ S2 f-,,-i -co I-" ""ac t- cc o o c I- o I o CC"^ 5<1 O CC t— O Oi • "S-S « S TS ce . - J f^ ^ ^ 5 £ 3 b o E-^ S.Sco — JoT3 j<;- (S|>^; AGRICULTIUAL ASD IXDUSTlilAL STATISTICS 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 1-. 'J O C C^ to !M "* — ioc:.ic;iOot^— ■ OD ur: ^ I- :r. .— o in CO cT sT t-T jT -r oT x" c. ^ t-- ic: 3C o »o CO cf r^ ^T oT C'l* c^' tr -r o f^— ' o o e o c: f-':r'^tnocc»ccc •tt" t^ r- ci o w -f cc C^ tC §s3 = = - - '■ O >5 106 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 •jappoj aamo ■PI!A\ •pajBAiiino Cl i-t -3" ?-* I* ic^ o o O l-i o o o o o t- — o o -r •* o c; m ITS c. ic rH y; ■suox •paisaAJujj OPJ ■OMog s8J0y •saox = ■pd^saAJBH s[9qsng •UMOg S8J0y Q O 02 •p^^qsaAjepj c3 •oMog sajoy ■psjsaAj'Bjj 6|oijsna •UMOg ssaoy •po^saAj-Bjj s(8i]sna ; I = I : I I O OOO CO tS OC C^ NiO O O O »0 O 00 o o in o Tf ic »o 00 X -J o as c o o »0 ••-< O O — ■I-(,-lO -CJ -f-H (N ITS <0 O »0 OD i:^ eg o c-j o r^ o CO X' -J -T- O t- o I-- SI CC CO 1 X TT -^ CO -t* - -Is I S5. o D h4 Q •UAVog sajoy ■pa^s^AJTJJJ spqsng •UA\og sajay • pa^saAJBH ore ■UAiog sajoy ■ pa^SOAJUJJ spqsng ■UMOg S3JDV o in IS CI o wX -r .-I t-x c; o X -* in t^ 1-- N in CO N 1-H X« TP i I •* wcc X r- I CO cc .-» ^ , a: ^ .o in r - X -r - ccc^ -?■ — — ^. '-■- , . . :cct-coinfN-^0(M i? it; ^ ■;:;; c: ^ <— CO ;ce^-- » C i r; aj o ^ I ii AGRICULTURAL AXD IXDUSTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 107 ^ Ci i- t* t^ ^^ t^ *~* 3^ >>" - - - - y -> c . ll §1 •5 "3 © t** X t: '^ " ^ 3- • 108 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 ■< a H g s CO ;^ o o a; Pm Increase in Value. Total Value of New Land Improve- ments and Buildings. $ cts. 1,300 00 1,025 00 2,435 00 1,775 00 6,120 00 3,035 00 1,140 00 8 00 oocoooooicSo lO -n- 'f: o o t- m c. o in x t-- CO ~. c n CO o -r f-i M — 1 0'N-ri2:o:sc^xy:'T'i^ "I''" r-T co'V-f co'-p Wi-T c C^ Value of Buildings Erected. 1 8888888 o in o inoic o O 'M C^' t— Cl -f o „ COiCWt^aSiTSirs o o i CO' SSSSggS§SS8 .-< ■»? Tj. ..!• rj o n (^ ci 1" 8 o o V.ilue of New Land Iini)rove- ments. 1 \S2 ;8gS ■ O O • M C: C3 o o CO ],!I75 00 184 00 1,075 00 1.50 00 (),980 00 3,3;>7 00 2.205 00 80!) 00 2,839 50 775 00 1,303 00 Buildings Erected. •oquQ UJOQ : lo ■ 50 •saenojj 5(jin • • • • -iH • 1 f-H • : ;^ ■ ■iH ■ • C4 •easnoH ?oo}j . . . . . r-( ■ t-i : : : : ■Basnotiajo^g ■ X f -CO co« ■* w • - i-( iH .o :« o •saiisj 3ij ■ ■ • -r-t - 1-H • 'CI • > : • ■* ■eaiquig am^o •C^^CiiDi-t \ CO Ci W -1* -nccc^oooo "co §8 •Bpaqg SniAij(j : : : : :^ : Ci •saiqng asjojj • t-'cf ■ i-(C5 ■ CO 50 .-f^OS^Ct— • 00 »-. • C9 ■9* •suaBg :::::-: - ■ -IM • N •sapuuqg 'r-t ' 't^ '. '• X !0 ..■*S;l CO •aoi 'gSuqiaA\(2 CO lO 00 o; OS t- lO s Ci CO -COiMCOtOOrHSO 1 •auiBj^ij 'fiSuiiiaAVfj • ■ ■ -OOi-f ■ o ?-l - • t-H • M •auojg 's3ui[]aM(j Nkw Land Improvements. •paouaj[ puBi ^ :S32 i"^ : : U ■ ib i-H ■ ■ ■ •^ ; : • : to 0!0 -O .«0005 -Ift c-1 • C4 • c: o ^ o ■ ^ to -O -tSCCiOIN •■* '.iS ■ - 1 •arai}}sjijjoj paddoaQpnerj ^ -co o "cot^o < CO 15 i O X •uaj(ojg; pucj Tt-yioxoicwiooiQX CO' •pajuaO puB'j S ! ; : i*^ u . r " I 1 Sahkatchewan. Pelly Agency, Treaty No. 4 Vallev River KanH .. 4 Assiniboine •■ 4 Moose Mountain n 4 Qu'Appelle ■! 4 Crooked Lakes m 4 Touchwood Hill „ 4 Battleford .. C Carlton n 6 Duck Lake .. 6 Onion L ike u (J 1 ii AGRICULTURAL AXD lyDVHTRIAL STATISTICS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 109 giSiSSSS § 5,420 00 1,510 00 2,525 00 400 00 .500 00 4,225 00 1,000 00 1,1.55 00 5§S ■ rP 0_0 COO o o o C O 3: ^^?3 : S i-H f-4 - • •-I -^ . i-t ^ : : i-l «CD - : :-■ : c; to -i-t -fee ■ r-< - M- SS" ■*t^ • S ! ! I,-i rH ^ -ri . I -1-4 CO ^ ; ; ; .* w w M ea • : : (M p : : : ■£S?g . • t- 1-- -r tJ" ■^ '('--" O • t-x o - 1 % '." '. i < >, - to ii= ^ »S _5 _* -I 1 « • £ : H : >i ■ c : " Jb : <: • li ^ : c> : ^ : - *-«> i i 110 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS ce » p c ire o o o ^ o iC -T' -3 X ?c 5 H 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 lo o o CM ic in o o ec cTj o ■ ~ ■ ci o o »o ■^^ CO o o --H o o — ,-t O •-' Tl lO -f O « C^ CO CO i-( t^ M 'O cc r. ;^ -^ -?■ ^ CC t- C» I- Oi O Oi CO -f 00 o irT co" •-- --H cT 3C cT i-H Qc ■— ' co' W fH .-' 00 (N tn Xi -T c^ o t- - * I o o o o in o o o »o -* o crco*-^t^ cT CO c-.' a; — ' :^ o o CO O iM o (^f r-^ oS r-T cT ;r c" rT co* :d" co < S o ; " f^ « Q ■'^ ' o S » = 2 O O »0 O O fM lO C O CO lO O to OS lO CI CV 1^ "^ C^ I - W^ O O tC O O iO o tre o -t- to ■:; O^ CO 'f lO •— 1 1— < m lo CO lO CO lo o o o lO >n a; ci o -f C^l fM O lO tO' O O CO •* X ooOinoo:roo OiOOC-l T OCOrf-^ oocoatc-^cifMro o u &:< O P > ■n o o 03 a> Sis "H o S^ ■ oc . . oo o o ot^ o CO lO ooooo-+*o o o c; m o CD "^ cr^(M ci c: -^ tC !•- OOOOOOOOOOQ oooooot-oooo Qoo-foooccocr>'X)0 O OC' M* lO o »o t^ to C^' t— t-- c. cocoiocc:oo;cct>-3i O O O O O CO o O lO «0 O Ci --I o C5 CC iM CO CO t^ »o to' ■^S" rt'r-irH*" CKMC-T^NOOCOCOrJ'iO CO-HiOC^JfOtOr-'-^tOf b- CO c: o CO n h- rMO o j; •r t-T oT -r i--^ o" oc" x" cT o lO lO o o t- m CT x M :o CI -r oi CO tr: (Tj i^ o •-' o lOdOCOWiOC/irMCOCOCO t^ o 'O oc CI ic: (M I ~ o c: m CiTT-fiOC^CCXCtt^COO be o 1/ ■ <3 Packer . . . Messenger. 1- 2,950 3, -100 2,400 2,a)0 2,100 1,950 1,950 1,750 1,750 l,fi00 1,150 1,200 1,100 1,"50 750 700 G.50 800 800 700 f Sept. 1, 1908 Oct. I July 1, 1897 Oct. Dec. April Oct. Oct. 4, 1898 Oct. .30, 18981 Aug. 1, 1902 1 April 14, 1-91! Aug. 1, lS'.^2.I\me April 2(1, 1906 April May Aug. •Tan. July A pril .luly Mav Sept. iSept. Sept. July Sept. Sept. 10, inOC'iDec. 1. 1906'jan. 30, 1903jreb. 1, 1904 Jan. 1, lOOo! April 1. 1905! Nov. 10, lOOC.'May 1, 1! ins .Ian. 1, I'.iOS.Iaii. 1, 1908 26, 1892 1, 190S 1 , 1908 Sept. Oct. Aug. Jan. 1, 1870 4, 1898 5, 1878 1, 1902 1, 1877 14, 1881 20, 1906 30. 1886 10, 18^3 7, 1891 2, 1901 1, 1903 19, 1896 26, 1899 1, 1907 24, 1908 1, 1908 18, 1887 20, 1904 1, 1308 ACCOUNTANTS BRANCH. Duncan C. Scott ... . Frederick H. Paget. . . Hiram McKay Ernile .lean John W. Shore Sidnev W. Hobart... Rolit-rt M. Ogilvie Mary D. Maxwell Herbert N. Awrey . . . Geo. A. Conley . . Sarah M . O'CJready . . . David Morin Robert Pringle Etiie K. McLatohie . . . Maud M. McInto.''h. . Ellen .T. Findlay ElizaV'ieth Robson Gertrude C. Neelin . . . Lillie M . Whitten Marianne T. Macgilhs Georgiana C. Caddy . McLeod S. McAllister 27— ii-8 1 A. 1 B. 2 A. A. B. Chief Accountant and Superin- tendent of Indian Education. . . Accountant .Asst. Accountant Clerk .Architect . Clerk .... Messenger . 2,900 2,2.50 1,800 l,6(i0 l,fi00 1,400 1,500 1,450 1,200 1,200 1,2.50 1,150 1,0.50 1,0,50 1,000 950 90{) 800 7.50 700 650 800 /July 1, 1 .April 1. Sept, Sept. AiJril July May Aug. Aug. •Ian. .Tan. July Jvily April Aug. July April April Sept. ,S,.pt. S'pt. Sept. :Sept. 1893 1909 Dec. I'.'OS .luue 1908. lulv 1909 Nov. 1899 March 1907 Jan. 1905!Aug. 1906 .May 1902 Jan. 1903 Jan. 1901 Oct. 1901 .luly 1906 April 1906 July 1907 July 1908 ]''cb. 1909 April 1908 March 190S Jan. 1908 Sept, 1908 Aug. 1908 Oct. 15, 1879 1, 1882 9, 1880 10, 1886 24, 1884 2, 1900 25, 1905 31, 1890 21, 1902 •.<0, 1903 12, 1896 1, 1901 20, 1906 1, 1901 31, 1905 1, 1906 1, 1909 2r., 1906 1, 1907 7, 1907 31, 1908 10, 1905 114 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Return A (I) of Officers and Employees of the Departiiient of Indians Afifaira on April 1, 1909. HEADQUARTERS -INSIDE SERVICE. Name. Annual salary. LAND AND TIMBER BRANCH. Date of Present Rank. Date of First Appoint- ment. William A. Orr. Alfred E. Kemp . . . Geo. L. Chitty Peter ,r. O'Connor . . Helen Cx, Ogilvy .... Frederick R. Byshe. Emma S. Martin .... Helen G. Russell.. . . IB. 2 A. 2B. 3 A. SB. Clerk of land and Timber and Registrar of Land Patents. Clerk Timber Inspector Clerk 2,250 1,900 1,6.50 1,.500 1,200 1,200 1,200 750 Feb. 6, 1900 Aug. •Tune July .Tul> July July Sept. Nov. 24, 1883 2, 1902 21, 1893 1, 1905 1, 1900 1, 19iJ0lMar. 1, 1900!Sept, 1, 1908 Aug. Feb. •Tune Feb. .Tune 1, 1884 21, 1893 1.5, 1898 30, 1890 26, 1891 11, 1894 1, 1906 I SURVEY BRANCH. S.amuel Bray John Lestock Reid James K. McLean . Henry Fabien Eva A. Lord Rowland G. Orr . . . Chief Surveyor Surveyor Chief Draughtsman. Clerk Draughtsman 2,200 2,250 2,100 1,550 1,000 750 July Sept. April Sept. July Sept. 1, 1905 1, 1908 1, 1909 1, 1908 1, 190 June April Aug. Aug. Mar. 1, 1908 Sept. 14, 1884 — , 1900 19, 1904 11, 1!K)5 1, 1907 1, 1908 RECORDS BRANCH. Geo. M. Matheson Joseph de Lisle. . . rhos, P. Moffatt.. Chas. A. Cooke. . Wm Edwin Allan. John Ackland .... Henry Hooper ... Hugh M. (iraham. Fannie Yeilding . William Seale .... 2B. 3 A. 3 8. Registrar . erk. Messenger . 1,600 1,550 1,450 1,200 1,200 1,100 1.050 1,000 1,200 800 Jan. Feb. Aug. July July Tune Aug. ■Tan. July Mar. 30, 1903 1, 1905 1, 19(l(i 1, 1901 15, 1901 2.S, 1905 1, 1906 1, 1908 1, 1900 18, 1893 June June Oct. Aiiril July July Aug. Mar. April Mar. 21, 1888 23, 1880 14, 1891 1, 1893 15, 1901 28, 1899 1, 1906 26, 1900 3, 1882 18, 1893 SCHOOL BRANCH. Martin Benson 2 A. 2B. 3 A. Clerk of Schools . Clerk 1,700 ,6IX) 1,20 0 May Jan. Nov. 1 28, 1907 April 11, 1S99 Dec. 13, 1902 Nov. 1, 1876 John IJ. Sutherland Ale.\. F. M.acKenzie 29, 1896 13, 1902 OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 o S§ c -3 a S5 a c dJ n -*^ :-^ n a o. > a; K Q r/7 (U ^ [d o e*-i H CO u O >, O a, S W -ri a n! 01 O sa o o I— I <: O (S O E 27-ii-8i s -= , "^ s-5 ?:> ■Sis 0) --^O C5 s S c ^- 6d ® S E-c ° « « » ►S i? ^ ci ^ n^ & c rt c o :s 73 rt a ^ r ?^ O 1 ^'i aJ a;£-gS g S ° ■r o o =8 "o 1 ? « ? s = H-r"-- i f, X ii = u O s III ^ '?:S-..^ CI, S o o S o g IcSs'i o = hj >« OJ g 3 :J s-= c ^-^.y^ rt '-C.2 rt 0 0 1 ¥-c ^ i Jisl^^ j|£as>;~l - aa^i: s.= a ^K---? ofQc 5 m OO-X rt o (^4 : S • a^ s-< 3j 5 ? — ■ (5^ iti; o c • I ... o o coo; jjj o o o o o c tj CO o Kt o c " o c c w io : 00 W W r-t ' SB W-S = .=■5 :gSE o — r.~-eco'': ooo o c ^ ^1 o o ;:: c-i c-i o o o iO o X « tr;' JO i-- oo in :3 o <^3 ►5^ Hc: ►S o 5 ^a :!e : o • — tu •3 tin = <; :0 O OJ s . ■* C 3 - ^ -; 3 S Z~ o u a X 23 — i:^ ''^ — o . X r; O) be ^ X -> Si rt t: 116 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 > W us a Eh S O I o < 5?; o br. o -n -a 9= & c < c to > 1 O rn -n c •5 g 'o :S S 1 ^ M - '-' S -n' 1 = 2 ? S 13 . S =: o ".►^ cS*3= S ..1 Si £ 3-^ . -i.S^-S e S i o QD Zi OS 3 3 2 5 = 0 = 2 _ .2 X 5 r.-~ 3. 2. at? S-a =.^5 i>.2-c'' £-5 -^^^-a ^- p.! J^ _C ►^ 5 .£ • • • ■ T3 -«-> 1 ■ til sS '■ - ■ c 1 a I c iJ xS >^ ;- t. ■ ■ BS.2 • c : a; Si X o a- v: ,:^ 1 -git O 2 ^ o .... ;>, . »o . . . 3) . : :^S : ■a 1 a ■h9 *3 o o c s • B ' ' jS s s ■ ® ■ ■ ^ iC c o « Cfi s : : =r?'^ > o 1 '3 (d : 2®^=^ © t: . .■- - o *i "eS X w a 1^ :& c 5"= ■ • :1^ * a H^ 0 > 1 T2 'c3 3 a c 1 1 rt :|.-S ^ >Ph CQ ; 1 1 1 £ <: i2 <= 1 o c O O C O C: 1 o oc ooooooco . ! 1 u = c oc o o !=■ o o o o c OoOOOOOO ecroooooo c uT C o o o o o w o c: O O 'C o o o c o coco 4.-5 crco €© P N O o o c iO.-.« W «;= C J iC CC « ^ :C CC Cl ® C a !E Cu 1 o <; __ " ' '.s 0 -5 T a C s : "o : c t5 pi 1 '5 •r. - c ei E- U c • c t— > ■1 A" OS c g K "1 < % i P2 a c > u a Q J X s < K C s 11 i o o.ti o w o o OFFICERS AXD EMPLOYEES 117 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 > h~ 4 02 ^^ >■ 3' a: > X X a,' c CO 8 C X c c :2 .a c ^ ^ ->■ "« =5 33 c ■-= >. c S ^O tx t: r» "H > r. a. S"^- tt S i. 1 OJ 3 > s ^ y. r c ^ T ? X ^ 2d _, tec ^ a- c — ® ^ •a « ea = =8 i- > Ph I I I .5 « psca P-9h ! I oooococco o o c oi:^ o o *J o o a ■ . . . :^ raao ■ - ^ -= s ^. • -' •3.= 5- S =3 5 §— 5 £ o ^ s ct; c s s - 5 5 ^ u "^ ® C ^ 3 E p.a £ ,•<■' c o eS *2 5 =3 ^ V ^ * a: " S • SLJ Oi*- o^ fco 2.0 £ oj S 0.1; u^ij: s ^■sg ■eiJ.- ' — rt a: 2; K a Sci£o^gt3 Sg: 3i' i-soScofflpa c'gj g K u t- 61='- ^■i 2 5-3 — PK 3 H E 2 « eg i rt O S C ;5^ iK-= 3 3 : ..2:3 S - 0.= ^ a;j< 3 „-.2 c8 o g;iHO3:p::0'3'.ceHOtq ,2'£ o» C3 o .H = 3 - 2 C " o I I ■C O O C; < c 00 O L t^' (M N C^ C >P4 'd II ::::::! ooooocooccoooo OOOOOCOOOOOOwO OOOOOOOCOOir^u-CO ooooooooococ^c^ow tic < : be < : c be- E <-3 O c - E .' ZS o ««SU3 = tc tc = a o a g ;|-5 >":sg ia .03 ; - .=j -^ J ^ ^ ^ ^^ «^ ffi-j? ^ 3 chH ■^ . i c-B . .'-"^ -^ ^ ~ s -SS '^Jl .III Iff I III? o aijij; 0,1; o-t: 3 (- o ^ t--— 0 1-^ A f^OO Ph 2^ O <« i^ 'J O 118 DEPARTMEyr OF INDIAX AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 tic a 05 T3 a IS ^ >- E-i P o T3 >. ea O C s O I- o -^ S a Sec g ^ J:'-' llo ^i-O c3 m 3 £ rr; t: 3 C3 M t: ^ p^ ^ K w ■O 11^ M.£Pd ^ ..*^ • S X == o '5-9 ^O •c -"2 c s oT c 5W or J, OJ S^' a) "s c- .r: a 7i o n -^ g U^ ■> o ,--o-7=r 6 S S S' i ■£ i -.--^ "3 .5 ° £ £ M = s = sQ 2 ? :^. 5 >; J= o <; ca •3 si M w 6^ i ■^>=«. Tjj OO .u be" t- C ^ 0) c -§1 « ^ ^. r'.'S-e-5-f, ; = is C O ■»? S " a, a c o "T3j=-5t;-^ ^■3 o g & - o COOO^OOOO^T'inoOOOOOOOC^OINO o o o lO ■*- o o >o i:: o ^i o o ir: ic o iQ M X i-< tn i-» o O tc'O Odd ^ 5 g S'c bo-j'^-TS-S ^ ,-■ QJ tj I- 2 S V 3-J= o c C t. OFFICERS AXD EMPLOYEES 119 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 H O O > o 0, a; ?: - ^ q; i- c X u 3 D a c — ?■= .a- t: 0 ti j2 rt II « ^ £ s ^ >. c « fe ^ 3 o S^ g-S tio * be-- s-r- rt >. c3 X 6w> o c' s o o ~ c o c:? c o o c o o o c O' o o' 00 OCOOOOOOCJOOOOOOOOOO^COO 00 C =: o o — O 1- C '': O Z> ;= o o — O O O t-t — ■ o o 00 »:; ir: o t-- iO lO t- o ri ic o tr. ic o u* — ir; ic i^ := ir: o .-( — :^a:c-)T-*i-if-i ci .-* i-ic^ii-i S p 7J H -^J rr: C4-I H o W m O Q) b-, C o. s W TS e ca w <•) o s O »5 P3 1 1 « G & ^ fcO c ^ < c 1 1 o g -s > U TT s cS i OJ o la's TD c "Sl-g pq rt S !S X (iT « C > O C t- c iJ 1-3 TJ s >> 'U <1 ■ 1? ■« 't^ rt c« X rt 3 C < i § s " o o 4J •o IJ g. B = O O -a V p o S S 1 «' ^ 3 2 5 "a, s i •5 "^ o S o o a <1 :g-/Q PO S a o o rt s ; . ^ o^ ^ 2 15 -3- H c bc^ •" -^ ^ 1 s— S'" C S s 0;;=: S c.S £=: OOOOOOOOOOOOOCOCOOOQO (^O o o ooooooooooocoocoooooo ^o o o S ^ m .^ u a> i_ 6a OFFICERS AyO EMPLOYEES 121 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 . . . . c . ■ • ■ < • ■•c u Ih c g = . -S-o :2 . s , ^ oc iJ 5S <; O Eh < < P S (£ o o ^ o 0^ >■ s^^ ^ « rt 5 'C S CJ"^ MJ5 122 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFMR>; 9-10 EDW.^RD VII., A. 1910 o C5 a, < c o d .2 -5 d > Oi « a; U Q m Q) til ^ Q H O D 03 o ID <1) >-^ o p-l a H o e*-i o CI < 0! H P5 I < P3 a > . — ^o = o a; 9 B ;».-a e3 ^1^=^ 5- -Si 1 5< 0 SX-S 3 5 Sl a; H .2 « £ 'U-C 50 2 p 'A eS S tt O m a< J § y -^3 tlOrf ie C a; _M . -M ►J hJ « ^-3 ^ C S •r. % P J ^ b ? S i s £ i = 1 a. — o o o ■g - S5 O o c ^ Ea SH a r-h- 1 ti? > is?i :.; s^ /" i tlD t- ^ Z 2b ^ b£ — i^ ^ 4 'n S 3 1'^ » o 5'< X 0 < c-i 5< 5 • a. so 8i= 25 OO Oi-3 O n 121 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 o a, a o a a ci Si H u t» a » O, u ^ o a -^ c m o a; & H W K a GO 2 "c "I" n 11 5 - to ^ ^c O «s oT !.,tI3 'i > 0) o rf. > tt!S o S tc _c 1 'c 00 > 0) 1 0 T3 1 1 'a t':^ s a; tf g § tS <; Cd s M ic _E 1 E^ OS s P3 < to ■s 2 c a: CO e: e 1 5 Q <5 ■ = = = = = = = = c4 "o - c ^ < ■J ^ ^" 1 ^ C "S t. 'E 5 < _Jr _M s o _s ^ H W O H «! 6 b^ ^ cc ^- < f-i L. tc ^ 'rt 5 yj P < C C < (^ o o o c c Q O C c Q oo C c oooc c o oc o c OCJ gi c o o o o o c c o oo c c o o c o c o c c ocooo c: O CIO OOQC Tj o tc c 00 -f OCC p^ CS s ■^ CJ l^ f T *r CO cc:c ■^c- C^l^rj- o c c c o o o o ^ w " CJ c o o o to r:"J f— r-* ■^ o "*" 'W « ^~ -^ - •g «J ■ be • rt -^' ^ c <-5 a o 1— * . ■ t. "■a : .'i: o < F- ^ -2, < : U i'l t- 1 •^ ^ <^ 1 1 . t c a 4 PL, f s g ^ a S >£ e M cc ^ S H OFFrCERii -l.VD EMPLOYEES 125 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 «"2 a S S s to *• § S >< S* c ©^ .5 3 °- >2 — — ' o ■^ 0) « 00 VI rt §• i cj t/J o S-2 5 S CD 3 go Hi 3 B P5a3 00 0) '« s en ■; '-' .-"^ 4) O Oi ." « =<"r jr.-n & naj -woo o 1^ ►-5 J as. Sm Kiiiistiii One Arr "I 3 So o -f- 'M a: :c -^ -^ ^ c .-H X I- -r « « L- ?^ o o o o o o o O CO ~ X CIC O - T :o -x -r -r — --^ ooooooooo :r c-i o o ?i o c oo c^ ?i I- c^ 'J -r -J X -3* "s- sS?^ -£ 5j5 OuH.^ ^-i o J o 335 Be C ;^Sf=EiSi iSEi..i;o C5 C3 bo •5 S fc. . • ■ ' a> . • ■ ■ '^ ^:^ Jf ■tf'H-2'^.f f oi J hH^ #^.2-=-' 0^ - > * > *^ 1 n 126 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 C3 o 05 < o T3 cS Ci ti w Q cc ffi a ^ Q H o tJ o o o i». o c^ a w ■y- ca CD o a o Ph e I OJ H ea < O <; < W o H 5 3 tj •sn ^.5- 3 a; s > a. rri Tl f^ so CO t4 o o o o c X a; o c o o o oo O O OD O O CC f-" :S -V CC !D -^ 3 c? 5i x ix c^ X ci ci o -r f -r t- ^ o o o O TT O ^ c o c- o o t:; (M s^ CI -^ fC -^ t— 1-1 w C O O C' o o O O C-l "^ -r o C^ :£> rH CO to C5 ^ S'-' c <: c s t ^. ~ 1 3-5 ; £0 O .2 V £-^ be 'i ! SomI^oS H : •^■ - oc.S :; X r; cj -C .r «• — y, a; is-- — ccSa3QSCii-5>5 j^l.i III 128 DEPARTMENT OF IXDIAX AFFAIRS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 03 o •< a o SB a a, 02 00 'O o a -a a O Id pj PQ < Q 'A < Q 03 > .— ? '" c u n c - ^ ** c3 >; a; c c O * 3 ^ 1; M t- O oD 3 _ ^^ t, rf t, g >, S « g. >> X ® " bo o S 3^ I^ e.= = .S** a = ^ c &^. = = = a; 3 S. ^i-'A +i J _c • — o o o o o o o O T-4 r- M X CC GC CM t^ iC Tt- f-rf "^ gggggggggo oooo §§?ssgi§ss ss§s S o if ~. 5 X % « « =0 0-. --= t= m M 5^ B t^wuJO.X?5 ■2-2 1 "i^ rt s « ^ S o fi M o ^ 3> « = i = a • H & > 3 5-^ =5 3 C'S S -^ fS (i: Ph <; ft, O : . . . . .^ s ; ; .u- c sT ". .uT 5 if J S S S S 3 S «^ § o =lc I;, C5 —' -^ I, ^^ [^ fc" O SSgq - r a ^^C3 - 5^ a o n ._ k.- en 0 3-^*^ « O *- aa SSsS OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 O 2 J ■'■ '■ !x |-J8 .-gs-g ■■oi 5 ■■" .5 be - i^ to " 3 £g.2 g a «!«: - S! 5 « — ^M '5 2 w a — - . , (D C M= S H d "^ - «< ^ 83 >>.^ ' * ce 3 03 < • -S a 0)^ 2 ? = i^ " o -r c: o o c o s - Q S o o c o in o o o a:; o o o : .-Q . o . :=5« l|ss=a4>c £1 27— ii— 9 130 DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS ii 9-10 EDWARO VII., A. 1910 APPROPRIATION ACCOUNTS. 1908-9. Vote-s. Ontario axd Quebec,'. Relief and medical attendance and medicines, Quebec. ii ii ii i> Ontario. Blankets and clothing, Ontario and Quebec Schools, Ontario, Quebec and Maritime Provinces . . . Salaries, Chiefs Cape Croker and Gibson, and agent, St. Regis Payment of Robinson Treaty annuities Survey of Indian reserves Indian Land Management Fund Grant, Agricultural .Society Munsees of the Thames. General legal expenses Improvements to roads, Golden Lake reserve. ....... Miscellaneous expenditure on Indian reserves Remuneration to F. Sutherland on account small- pux epidemic Chippewas of the Thames Repairs to roads Doncaster reserve Annuities and administration, Treaty 9 , Nova Scotia. Salaries Relief and seed grain Medical attendance and medicines Miscellaneous and unforeseen To perfect title to Indian reserve at Horton, N.S New Brunswick. Salaries Relief and seed grain Medical attendance and medicines Miscellaneous and unforeseen Repairs to roads, Edmundston reserve. , . Improvements, Tobique reserve To purchase land for Eel Ground Indians Prince Edward Island. Salaries Relief and seed grain Medical attendance and medicines . . Miscellaneous and unforeseen Wharf and scow for Indians of Lennox Island Grant. S cts. 12,400 00 6,000 00 500 00 67,005 00 1.50 00 i2,450 00 10,000 00 10,000 00 90 00 13,500 00 400 00 5,474 00 200 OO 500 00 23,000 00 162,329 00 1,275 00 6,909 00 5,829 00 462 00 300 00 14,775 00 1.808 00 4,391 72 4,058 28 GOO 00 150 00 1,000 00 1,000 00 13,008 00 300 00 1,452 00 1,923 00 75 GO 1,200 00 Expenditure $ cts. 12,390 13 5,842 87 498 50 63,017 24 100 00 12,450 00 8,357 13 10,000 00 90 00 3,707 23 391 00 3,973 35 200 00 498 96 14,059 88 135,576 29 Grant not used. S cts. 9 87 157 13 1 50 4,647 76 50 00 1,642 87 1,275 00 0,908 52 5,827 09 461 42 14,472 03 1,602 10 4,391 72 4,232 90 620 96 1,50 00 999 50 l,00lj 00 12,997 18 4,950 00 300 00 1,336 08 1,757 48 1 91 446 80 3.842 27 9,792 77 9 00 1,500 65 1 04 8,940 12 26,752 71 48 1 91 58 300 00 302 97 205 90 50 206 40 115 92 165 52 73 09 753 20 1,107 73 Grant exceeded. 174 62 20 96 195 58 APPROPRIATION ACCOUNTS 131 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 27 APPROPRIATION ACCOUNTS— CowcZwc/ec/. 1908-09. Votes. Grant. Expenditure Grant not used. Grant exceeded. Manitoba and Northwest Provinces and Territories. Annuities and coraniutatijns Implements, tools and hardware Field and garden seeds Live stock , Supplies for destitute Indians Triennial clothing Day, boarding and industrial schools Sur veys Sioux Grist and saw mills General expenses British Columbia. Salaries Relief of destitute Indians Seed and irnph-nients Medical attendance, medicines and hospitals. Day schools Industrial and boarding schools Travelling expenses Office, miscellaneous and unforeseen Surveys and reserve commission Steamboat, North west Coast agency Cleansing Indian orchards Yukon. Destitute, &c., Indians. Schools Genkbal. Salaries of inspectors Salary for Indian superintendent, N.S Salary for inspector for Manitoulin Island and north shore iif Lake Superior and (Jeorgian Bay Travelling expenses and clerical assistance Payments to Indians surrendering their lands Printing and stationery Destitute Indians in remote districts To prevent spread of tuberculosis cts. 161,195 00 4,565 00 11,275 00 9,92.s on 163,062 00 2,676 00 285.592 00 17,.561 00 10,470 00 4,497 00 217,187 00 888,003 00 20,020 00 9,000 00 1,000 00 36,600 00 12,300 00 85,000 00 7,000 00 22,395 00 2, .500 00 12,000 00 1,500 00 215,315 00 8,000 00 15,000 00 23,000 00 159,277 00 4,564 13 11,26:5 96 9,918 63 163,151 77 2,429 23 270,258 18 17,545 80 8,300 38 4,497 00 217,358 89 1,918 00 87 11 04 4 3' 868,564 97 24,815 00 9,795 08 1,003 09 33.515 07 11,739 25 72,155 99 7,124 20 22,810 14 1,681 57 1,315 33 185,955 32 6,935 90 3,297 00 10,232 90 4,300 00 1,500 00 1,200 00 2,700 00 50,000 00 8,000 00 10,000 00 5,(J00 00 246 77 15,3.'^3 82 15 20 2,169 62 19,699 69 1,205 00 3,084 93 560 75 12,844 01 818 43 12,000 OO 184 07 30,697 79 1,064 10 11,703 00 12,767 10 1,791 65 1,500 00 1.200 00 2,209 62 48,150 00 5,438 21 12,746 26 2,568 39 82,700 00 75,604 13 2,508 35 490 38 1,850 00 2,561 79 2,431 61 9,842 13 S cts. 89 77 171 89 201 66 795 68 3 09 124 20 415 14 1,338 11 2,746 26 2,746 26 132 DEPARTMEXT OF nUIAS AFEAUiS 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 INDIAN TRUST FUND. Showing transactions in connection with the Fund during the year ended March 31, 1909. Service. Balance, March 31, 1908 Collections on land sales ; timber and stone dues ; rents, fines and fees. Interest fur year ended March 31, 1908, on above balance Legislative granto to supplement the funds Outstanding chetjuns for 1900-7 Expenditure during the year 1908-9 Tran.'^fers to casual revenue Balance, March 31, 1909 Debit. 523,245 89 110 00 0,022,187 0,-; 0,545,542 97 Credit. .? cts. 5,181,090 41 1,138,993 84 2(H1,512 86 24,899 43 46 43 6,545,542 97 For further details of the above e> p-nditure from the Iniian Trust Fund and the Consolidated Fund, see Part I of the Auditor General's report. 9-10 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 A. 1910 REPOUT OF THE ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 1909 PRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT OTTAWA PRINTED BY C. H. PARMELEE, PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 1909 No. 28—1910] • ' 9-10 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 A. 1910 To His Excellency the Bight Honourable Sir Albert Henry George, Earl Orey, G.OM.G., £€., £a.j Governor General 'of Canada. JIay it Please Your Excellency : The undersigned has the honour to present to Your Excellency the Annual Report of the Eoyal Northwest Mounted Police for the year 1909. Respectfully submitted, WILFRID LAURIER, President of the Council. November 10, 1909. 9-10 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 A. 1910 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PART I. Page. Commissioner's Report 9 Appendices to the Above. Appendix A. — Superintendent R. B. Deane, Calgary 28 B. — Superintendent C. Constantine, Maple Creek 37 C. — ^Superintendent G. E. Sanders, D.S.O., Regina 41 D. — ^Superintendent P. C. H. Primrose, Maeleod 64 E. — Superintendent A. R. Cuthbert, Fort Saskatchewan 81 F. — Superintendent J. O. Wilson, Lethbridge 92 G. — Superintendent J. V. Begin, Prince Albert 102 H. — Superintendent J. A. McGibbon, Battleford 112 J. — Inspector I>. M. Howard, Athabaska Landing 120 K— Staff-Sergeant F. J. Fitzgerald, Herschell Island 130 L. — Sergeant S. E. A. Selig, Fort Macpberson 132 M.— Surgeon G. P. Bell, Regina 135 N. — Veterinary Surgeon J. F. Burnett, V.S., Regina 138 Patrol Repoets. O. — Inspector E. A. Pelletier, Fort Saskatchewan, Alta., to Ches- terfield Inlet and Fullerton, Hudson's Bay, and return to Regina via Churchill, Hudson Bay 141 P. — Staff-Sergeant F. J. Fitzgerald, Fort Macpherson to Herschel Island, winter 1908-9 169 Q. — Staff-Sergeant F. J. Fitzgerald, Herschel Island to Fort Mac- pherson, May, 1909 171 R. — Sergeant S. E. A. Selig, Herschel Island to Fort Macpherson, April, 1909 173 S. — Staff-Sergeant K. F. Anderson, Peace River Crossing to Grand Prairie, August, 1909 175 T. — Sergeant R. W. Maeleod, Fort Vermilion to Hay River, Jan. '09. ITS U. — Sergeant R. Field, Chipewyan to Fort Simpson, January, 1909.. 181 v.— Corporal II. L. ^lellor. Smith's Landing to Fort Laird, July, '09. 185 8 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Patrol Reports — Continued. Appendix W.— Corporal H. L. Mellor, Smith's Landing to Buffalo Country, September, 1909 187 X. — Constable W. A. Johnson, Smith's Landing to Buffalo Country, March, 1909 189 Y. — Constable A. G. Gairdner, Fort Chipewyan to Buffalo Country, March, 1909 191 PART II. Strength and Distribution. Schedule A. — Summer, 1909 195 B.— September 30, 1909 200 PART in. Yukon Territory. Report of Assistant Commissioner Z. T. Wood, Commanding 207 Appendices to the above. Appendix A. — Superintendent A. E. Snyder, Whitehorse 220 B. — Inspector T. A. Wroughton, Dawson 227 C. — Constable W. J. Dempster, Patrol Dawson to Fort Maepherson. 245 D. — Surgeon L. A. Pare, Whitehorse 252 E. — Assistant Surgeon W. E. Thompson, Dawson 253 PART IV. Hudson Bay. A. — Superintendent J. D. Moodie, Report on the accidental shooting of a native at Fullerton by Constable C. R. MacMillan 257 B. — Corporal F. W. Reeves, Report on the death by drowning of Sergt. R. M. L. Donaldson off Marble Island 259 C. — Corporal M. A. Joyce, Report on Fullerton Detachment 261 D. — Assistant Surgeon O. Lacroix, M.D., Medical Report 263 PART V. Photographs. 9-10 EDWARD VII. SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 A. 1910 Royal Xorthwest Mounted Police Headquarters, Reges'A, November 1, 1909. To the Eight Honourable Sir Wilfrid Laurier, P.C., G.C.M.G., &c., President of the Privy Coimcil, Ottawa, Ont. Sir, — I have the honour to transmit herevrith my annual report for the year ending September 30, together with the reports of officers commanding districts of the prov- inces of Alberta, Saskatchewan and the Northwest Territories, and certain other reports covering work of a special nature which may be of public interest. This report is closed this year one month earlier than last year, so that it only deals with eleven months' work, this change having been found necessary so that it may be ready for the meeting of parliament. This should be borne in mind when making any comparisons of statistics contained herein with former reports. STRENGTH AND DISTRIBUTION. On September 30 the strength of the force stood as follows: — 51 officers, 600 non-commissioned officers and constables, and 558 horses. Compared with last year there is a gain of 2 constables and 35 horses. The following table gives the distribution by provinces and territories: — c s n s a a s It =*- 9 P X 5 c li .2 o < S •s £ 3 05 5 4 1 1 11 s o t— 1 12 14 1 4 31 ^< X 1 1 1 •J a 1 > 1 1 12 17 a 1 18 19 3 6 OB I _?_ 2.5 29 5 5 1 s o O O •3 1 a: H i Alberta 132 188 15 37 3.5 31 5 14 240 306 31 74 248 1 1 1 1 2 278 Northwest Territories Yukon Territory 4 32 Grand total 1 33 46 64 372 85 651 558 In Alberta there are five divisional posts and 64 detachments; in Saskatchewan four divisional posts and 78 detaclmients ; and in the Northwest Territories one divisional post and 6 detachments; a total of 10 divisional posts and 148 detach- ments. The area covered by these detachments is very extensive, the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan and 1\ie districts of McKenzie and Keewatin in the Northwest Territories. The farthest flung detachment on the Arctic ocean is 2,500 miles from headquarters, and it takes two montlis to make the journey. 9 10 ROTAL NORTHWEST MOVNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 The main strength is stationed in the southern portion of the two provinces, and is distributed in the different districts according to the work which varies with the character of the population, and the trend of settlement. Every officer com- manding a district iinds much difficulty in meeting the legitimate requirements of his district with the strength at his disposal. It is manifestly impossible to open a detachment at every village, or railway station, or in every isolated settlement They are increasing so rapidly that our strength would have to be doubled, should we meet all the demands made upon us. I have many pressing applications from points all over the provinces. I am anxious to meet every reasonable request, especially those from isolated places. I have often felt in refusing that I am doing an injury to the force, because it tends to create a sentiment in the locality that the police are not doing their full duty, and that as far as their particular locality is concerned, they are of no value. This is a mistaken view to take, but I am boimd to say a natural one. It is not always understood that there are many burdens on our shoulders be- sides, what may be termed, regular police duties; the maintenance of common jails; the escorting of all prisoners to trial; the attendance upon all criminal courts; the service of all criminal processes; and the escorting of all lunatics require many men and much time. I feel in duty bound to emphasize the fact that at the present time it is most difficult to properly perform our duties, and give satisfactory service. The development of the western provinces will go on even more rapidly than before, and the police requirements must increase. We shall be relieved to some extent of the care of prisoners in Saskatchewan in the immediate future. A new jail has been completed at Moosomin, and will be opened shortly. This province will then have three jails. Prince Albert, Moosomin and Eegina, but I expect our guard-rooms will still be required. In Alberta, the new jail under construction at Lethbridge, will be completed in the course of a year. I understand that it is the intention of the government to commence the erection of other jails at different points. I therefore hope in the course of two years that our guard-rooms will not be used as prisons, except tem- porarily, and at very isolated points in the northern parts of the provinces. The governments of the two provinces have asked that the present arrange- ment for the employment of this force, which expires on April 1, 1911, shall be continued for another five years, that is iintil 1916. I am not aware whether the government of Canada will consent, but I venture to express the opinion that it would be in the interests of Canada, as well as of the provinces concerned, that the contract be renewed. CRIME. The following statistics of criminal offences do not give the total for the two provinces, because they do not include those of the cities and towns which have their own constabulary. Only indictable offences, where the accused are committed for trial, come under our notice. During the eleven months 6,888 cases were entered; convictions resulted in 5.849 cases, being 86 per cent of cases tried ; 893 cases were dismissed ; and 146 cases were awaiting trial on September 30. Allowing for the additional month of last year, there is a slight decrease this year. The following table gives a classified summary of eases entered and convictions made in the provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta from November 1, 1908, to September 30, 1909:— REPORT OF COMMISSIONER PERRY SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 11 Offences against the person — Murder Murdf r, attempted Infanticide ... Manslaughter Threatening to kill Shooting with intent Wounding Threatening to do bodily hami Assault, common II aggravated II causing bodily harm .1 indecent Ra|ie and attempted rape Attempted suicide Concealment of birth Abortion . .1 attempted ^ .Supplying instruments to procure abortion Bigamy Abduction Defiling children under fourteen Carnal knowledge of girl under fourteen.. Saskatchewan. 2 449 5 11 13 17 5 attempted Carnal knowledge II attempted... Non-support of wife or family.. Wife desertion Child Criminal neglect Intimid.ation and threatening. Defamatory libel Extortion under threats Leaving excavation unguarded. Miscellaneous "Offences against the property- Theft Theft from H.M. mails II by juvenile Horse-stealing Cattle stealing II killing Fraudulently in possession of cattle or horses Shooting and wounding cattle or horses Poisoning horses II aiding and abetting to Illegally branding stock Cruelty to animals House and shop breaking Burglary Fraud Conspiring to defraud False pretenses Forgery Embezzlement Robbery II with violence 2 S 2 399 4 H 8 10 5 482 1 4 34 18 3 1 12 379 46 18 5 12 1 58 14 4 19 5 1 1 5 43 13 5 6 1 33 9 48 1 1 5 5 96 1 11 7 1 Alberta. < T5 !« u 1 4 1 361 3 10 9 9 6 1 353 4 52 6 22 1 21 1 13 1 1 2 1 291 3 5 6 3 4 1 257 25 9 11 26 5 8 15 22 13 §3 2 82 14 • Committed to life imprisonment, arrest could be made. 1 2 executed, 1 convicted of manslaughter. § One suicided before 12 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Saskatchewan. Alberta. ■V 1 a 6 '> B -S ii a "5 1 c 6 10 § 1 q; £ a i's 3 5 is < 1 e 1 s Offences against the property — Con. Receiving" stolen property. 3 2 1 29 1 2 2 1 19 1 4 2 2 7 Having stolen property in possession Bringing stolen property into Canada. . . . 2 "io "i "37' 3 7 "29 1 1 4 3 20 5 2 ■'■'4' 329 386 75 8 25 1 1 2 4 3 45 103 29 1 2 1 ti 1 17 1 6 2 19 1 " 2 7 "si ""2' ■ 6 3 3 ■■"2 1 66 Counterfeiting . 4 7 M attempted Mischief 5 51 'ss' 4 13 1 5 20 1 1 2 3 20 3 1 4 299 377- 71 7 20 1 1 1 1 "45 103 2y 1 ? 5 1 11 ... ^. 2 2 5 4 80 1 Trespass Killing or wounding dogs 8 5 S 14 15 4 1 6 5 8 14 10 4 1 2 9 1 1 9 n Offences against the public order — Unlawfully carrying offensive and con- cealed weapons Pointing fire arms "'5' 34 2 1 20 Discharging fire arras Having revolver on person when arrested. 6 1 4 Offences against religion and morals- Vagrancy Drunk and disorderly . .' CausinsT disturbance 195 514 57 29 31 189 509 53 28 28 G 5 4 1 3 28 9 4 1 5 2 524 900 132 Swearing, insulting and threatening lan- 37 Indecent acts • 66 1 4 5 2 2 33 42 9 1 J 12 5 3 "33' 42 9 4 "3 12 3 1 1 1 1 2 ""1 2 2 "'1' 1 1 5 Incest 7 Seduction ^ Seduction under promise of marriage 6 5 (8 145 38 5 Procuring Living on avails of prostitution 2 " 'i' 1 9 13 2 6 1 22 1 7 4 11 I 3 1 13 t> Misleading justice — Perjury . . 6 2 11 6 1 30 1 1 3 5 1 2 13 9 1 1 .1 42 1 1 3 5 1 2 13 9 1 1 1 42 1 ""2 7 Disobeying summons Contempt of court 1 12 1 •Tail breaking Obstructing |jeaoe officer Assaulting .. ;i Refusing to assist peace officer Resisting arrest Kvading justice Counselling and procuring the commission of crime Offences against the Railway Act— 5 "'« 5 ....^. 2 25 14 1 1 1 2 1 1 2G 26 1 1 08 Tresijass 1 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER PERRY 13 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 S .4SKATCHKWAK. I Albert.^. 1 ^3 1 ! ^ 1 £ 1 i 1 Convictions. Dismissed, withdrawn, M.2 .Sis '3 < 1 s 6 to C 0 ■s u '> a 0 U Dismissed, withdrawn, ^1 .Si i < ! ,1 Offences apjaiust the Rjiilway Act -Con. Railway eniployfes rlrunk on duty Supplying liquor to operator on duty Obstnicting railway 5 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 " 2 2 1 1 6 1 2 2 3 2 Tlipfl froro railway car J 1 I 1 1 1 A'iolation of order of railway commis- 3 3 3 Gatnbling in railway car Mi'^cellaneous 1 1 0 25 23 7 5 3 3 i 9 21 23 7 5 1 1 ....„ 47 150 17 10 " '9 39 141 12 9 ... . 1 18 Offences against the Indian Act — Sui>plying liquor to Indians Indians intoxicated 4 8 9 5 1 72 173 24 Liquor in possession Liquor in possession on reserve ^^ . . . 15 3 3 Trespassing on reserve 3 .::.; 7 1 1 7 1 1 10 1 Refusing to disclose where liquor obtained 1 1 1 1 Rocky ^lountain Park Regulations 38 8 4 '2 16 153 35 16 83 168 88 2 42 3 2 34 6 3 ... 11 116 31 12 72 158 *72 2 32 2 2 4 2 1 38 Offences against tlie Fisheries Act_ Offences against Animals Contagious Dis- 21 4 2 2 17 21 3 1 2 1 "i" 21 12 Offences against the Electioa Act Offences against the Dominion Lands Act. Offences against the Lord's Day Act Offences against the Manitoba Grain Act. . 6 2 1 5 37 4 4 11 9 15 ""i 1 19 16 Offences against Provincial Statutes and Ordinances— 314 43 3 58 129 65 12 35 4 a9 7 2 23 12 1 14 2 282 41 3 57 125 *62 12 33 4 • 33 7 2 23 12 1 11 2 32 2 467 Game Hide and brand 78 19 1 4 3 141 Liquor license Insanity 297 153 Horse breeders 14 2 9 1 1 77 6 41 Herd 7 Fence 3 16 4 15 3 3 14 4 11 2 ""2 " 4 1 5 39 Livery stable . . 16 Public works 16 3 .. . . 17 2 Druggists 3 ■"is 3 9 1 24 22 5 2 43 3 9 30 24 3 2 14 1 12 1 2 14 1 12 1 ""2 2 Public health 27 School 4 21 Hawkera and peddlers Noxious weeds ... Pollution of streams .3 .... 35 24 Steam boiler 29 4 1 23 29 1 18 I 4 51 Motor and vehicles . . . 3 1 22 1 """i 5 1 9 2 37 "g 3 Miscellaneous 66 Total 3,464 3,031 381 52 3,411 2,807 510 94 6,875 'Sent to Asj'luin. 14 ROYAL XORTnWEsT MorXTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Classified Summary of Cases entered and Convictions made in Northwest Terri- tories from November 1, 1908, to September 30, 1909. Cases entere o S a o p Id s O a s o a S a o K S Q H a 1 4e II &II 1 i a, a. 1 •SMOlJ'Ba i-H 00C5 •asnojj j{i!.ttao;,j -^rH Alberta. 3 ■ -^Tf* :Sg •aSpuqma'^ "li ^ ■UBAVailOl'BiJS'Bg •idnScBa -1- •poajaBj^ 7i ccN « * 1 z •pjojaiuBa ?o:OiH t-< i-l rH ,H 1-1 i-« l£ ■3(8aJO 8[dBJ1I 1^ a: •a(n3iJo;i_ ■/. •uimoaooj^ 1 * f: ?1 ^ •Buta^a NODCi 1-1 1 i C CQ-T3 til M C ^ . 5 2. o. C.T °'5 o'o'o'i iillfi Hills > > 2&-2i 20 BOTAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Comparative statement of prisoners received in Mounted Police Guard-rooms between years 1900 and 1£09. •1909 1908 1907 •1906 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 1900 Total number of prisoners received.. . 1,940 2,105 1,676 1,515 1,467 1,505 1,039 779 759 511 Eleven months. HUDSON BAY DISTRICT. The Hudson Bay district is under the command of Supt. J. D. Moodie, whose annual report has not yet reached my hands. I, however, forward special reports on various subjects. The strength stationed at Fort Churchill is 2 officers, 11 non-coinpaissioned officers and constables, and at Cape Fullerton 3 non-commissioned officers and con- stables. The latest reports from Supt. Moodie are dated September 1, 1909. At that' time all members of the force were in good health. A draft of 6 non-commissioned officers and constables was sent from head- quarters on July 13, via Norway House and York Factory under Inspector PelletierJ ■who accompanied the party as far as York Factory, and then returned via God's lake and Sandy lake in Keewatin. The supplies for Hudson Bay were sent in by ss. Pelican of the Hudson Bay Compan.y, and the ss. Adventure of Eevillon Bros. There has been difficulty in the fuel supply at Fort Churchill. We have ai large quantity of coal at Cape Fullerton, but found it impossible to arrange for its transportation to Churchill. Last winter wood was used which had to be hauled' about ten miles with dogs. This entailed much hard work on our men. Valuable assistance was rendered to the Hudson Bay railway surveys. The chief engineer of the survey wrote me as follows : — ' The kindness of your officers in furnishing us with supplies very materially assisted us in our work, and is greatly appreciated.' Mr. Hazen Drury, the divisional engineer in charge of the northern end, wrote : — ' I must say that much of our success in pushing our line through to Churchill •was due to the great kindness and help given us by the E.N.W.M. Police, most especially to Major Moodie, S.-Sergt Butler and Sergt. Smith. Everywhere on coming in contact with your force the helping hand was given us. To Major Moodie, and the supplies he so kindly advanced us, is no doubt due the through line, because, although I had plenty of supplies on hand at Split lake, I could not transport them owing to the shortage of dogs.' I regret to have to report the death of Reg. No. 3566, Sergt. Donaldson, by drowning ofi Marble island on August 14, 1908, where they sighted a large herd, of walrus on a low-lying island about a mile away. They killed several, returned to the sloop, and then went to secure some of the heads. On their way back the small dingy was struck by a walrus which stove in a hole 6x3 iiic'.ies ; thi boat began to fill; Sergt. Donaldson and Corporal Beeves jumped overboard, and started to swim ashore. Corporal Reeves, finding he could not make it, returned to the dingy, calling to Sergeant Donaldson to do the same, but he did not answer. That was the last seen of him. He was an excellent non-commissioned officer who had rendered ver>' valuable Beryices. His untimely death is much deplored. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER PERKY 21 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Special Constable Ford who was with the party, is reported as having saved Corporal Reeve's life by exchanging his warm dry clothing for his wet clothes. The accidental shooting of a native named ' Charlie ' by Constable McMillan took place at Cape Fullerton on June 22 last. What was thought to be a seal was seen on the ice opposite the barracks; with the permission of the n.c.o. in charge. Constable McMillan stalked it and kiUed it. To his horror, on going up to the object, he found he had killed a native. It was not possible to hold a coroner'© inquest because there is no coroner nearer than Fort Churchill. ' Although I have no doubt, but that the reports contain, an accurate account of this regrettable accident, I have ordered an officer to proceed there at the earliest opportunity and hold an inquiry. It has been stated that the Americans intend tj abandon whaling in this por- tion of Hudson Bay. If the whalers discontinue their visits to Cape Fullerton, or that vicinity, a serious condition will arise among the native^. They depcnl upon them to obtain ammunition to hunt, on which their livelihood depends. They have forgotten the use of the bow and arrow, and must have ammunition. As the police have established themselves there, it will now be very difficult to vrithdraw and leave the natives to their own resources. If the Hudson Bay Company, or somQ other reliable trading firm, would establish themselves on Chesterfield Inlet, or farther west on Barker lake, it would be a great boon to the natives. As in other parts of the world, the contact between the natives and the wliites, has not been an iinmised blessing for the former. Disease has been introduced. A iKjlice sergeant will visit the camps near Fullerton as soon as possible to report upon the extent and take steps to check it. An amendment to the Northwest Game Act is desirable, to make the law clear that game cannot be killed out of season, except for food, and not foa- sale or barter. Owing to the changing conditions, which have resulted from the proposed con- struction of the Hudson Bay railway, many persons are now going into that jwrtion of the territories. Supt. Moodie reports as follows : — ' The Indians are making a big killing of deer between here and Split lake this year. The deer are working north. I should be glad to know if the close season for these is to he enforced next winter. So far, it has not been. If, however, the railway survey is to be carried on, and Revillioii Bros, come in, unless such close season is enforced in every case, the deer will soon be driven out of the country. Something like 1,000 deer tongues were brought in last winter (1907-8) and these would represent only a portion of the number killed in this vicinity.' The service in the Hudson Bay is oftimes perilous, and always monotonous. Offi- cers and men are called upon to make long winter trips with dogs, and dangerous voyages by sea in summer. I attach a report by Corporal Reeves on a voyage from Fort Churchill to Cape Fullerton. The navigation of the west coast of the Bay is most dangerous, and is especially so "for small boats. We are not properly equipped for this work. I recommend that a large staunch ketch be supplied, capable of weathering any sea, and well found in every particular for the ciomfort of the men. Communication was kept up last winter with Fort Churchill. Several mails were sent through, which called for unusual exertion from the men stationed at Norway ■ House and Split lake, the connecting posts with Churchill. We are indebted to the engineers of the II. B. R. survey for carrying many of our mail packets. MACKENZIE RH'ER DISTRICT. Inspector Jennings is in command of this subdistrict, and with him are 6 non- commissioned officers and constables, distributed between Fort McPherson and llers- chell Island, which is in the Arctic Ocean, 90 miles N. W. of the mouth of the MacKenzie. 22 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Staff-Sergt. Fitzgerald was relieved by Inspector Jennings last summer. This non-commissioned oiEcer has served many years at Herschell Island, and has done good work. The whaling fleet did not winter at Herschell Island, 1908-9, nor in Cana- dian waters. Staff-Sergt. Fitzgerald remarks : ' Herschell Island is one of the most lonesome places when there are no ships. There is no place one can go, except to visit a few hungry natives, and there is no white man to visit nearer than 180 miles.' For Constables Carter and Kinney, who were with him, he has only the highest praise. The Esquimaux were very short of food last winter, and had to eat boiled seal skins. Food was issued from police stores in eases of absolute want to prevent starva- tion. No deaths occurred. The Indians at Fort McPherson also suffered from want of food. Several deaths occurred from disease. All the members of the force had good health. We have never had any serious illness among our men. The service in the far north calls for men of robust health, and sanguine temperament. They have dangerous journeys to make. In Staff- Sergt. Fitzgerald's report (attached) of his trip made by sled and by boat, he says: The heavy ice between Kay and King point formed large pools of water, and we struggled with the large sleds all day, "sometimes up to our waist in water.' These outlying detachments maintain the dignity of Canada in these far re- gions in protecting her native subjects, and affording them aid in time of want. WOOD BUFFALO. The detachment at Smith's Landing, Fort Ohipewyan and Fort Ver:r.ilion are especially charged with the protection of the herd of wild buffalo. Frequent patrols have been made to locate as nearly as possible the boundaries of the ranges, and to prevent illegal killing. One patrol in September, 1908, approached very close to a band of 75. They were in fine condition; only 4 calves were seen. Another patrol in March saw many tracks north of Peace Point, but only overtook one large bull. The results of the patrols, so far made, are as follows: — 1. That the range lies between the Slave River on the East, and the Caribou mountains and Buffalo Lake on the west, and the Peace River on the south, and the Salt River on the north. 2. That the herd is not increasing, because the calves are being killed by wolves. 3. That there is no illegal killing. I would recommend that the area above described, be set aside as a reserve for the wild buffalo; that no hunting or trapping be allowed on this reserve except by license; and that the use of poison be permitted within the area, for the purpose of killing the wolves. Bounty, amounting to $2,650 has been paid by the Indian Department through us, since 1905, on 154 wolves. Bounty on 55 wolves was paid at Fort Vermilion. I do not think that these wolves are killed on or near the buffalo range, as the country to the north and east of Fort Vermilion is almost impassible, and is not visited by the buffalo. They do not range as far west as the Hay river. This is established by a patrol made by Sergeant Macleod last January from Fort Vermilion to Hay river, and down it to its mouth. He found that it had been years since any of these animals had' been seen within two days' journey of Buffalo lake, which is a considerable distance east of Hay river. The area, over which bounty should be paid, ought to be re-defined. SPECIAL PATROLS. In June, 1908, a patrol was ordered to be made across the northern part of Canada : — 1. To a£Brm Canadian jurisdiction over this area. REPORT OF COMMISSIONER PERRY 23 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 2. To report upon the country, and the possibility of a feasible route from the MacKenzie river to the Hudson Bay. 3. To report upon the niiinber, the location and condition of the natives. 4. To ascertain whether any permanent detachments of police should be estab- lished. Inspector Pelletier was selected for the command. Accompanied by Corporal Joyce, and Constables Conway and Walker, he left Fort Saskatchewan June 1, for Athabasca Landing; thence they proceeded, partly by steamer and partly by canoe, to Great Slave lake. They left Fort Eeaalution on Great Slave lake on July 1, and travelled via Pike portage, Artillery Lake, Hanbury river and Thelon river to Chesterfield Inlet on the Hudson Bay, where they arrived on August 31. At this point they were met by the coast boat MacTavish which was chartered by Superintendent Moodie from the Hudson Bay Company for the purpose. On the voyage to Fort Churchill, the MacTavish was wrecked, and the party was obliged to go to Cape Fullerton, where there is a police post and await the freezing up. On November 29, they started with dog teams for Fort Churchill, travelling along the west coast, and arrived on January 11. On February 7, they continued their journey, and reached Gimli, a railway station on the shores of Lake Winnipeg, on March 18. The total distance travelled was 3,347 miles. No natives, or guides were employed from Great Slave lake to Hudson Bay, and this portion of the journey, owing to In- spector Pelletier's experience in canoe work, was accomplished without any mishap. The most dilEcult and dangerous portion of the journey was from Fullerton, where the party were joined by Sergeant McArthur and Corporal Beeves, to Churc- hill, the party being reduced towards the end to eating raw deer meat. Of the many long and arduous patrols made by the force, this has been the most extended and ditKcult, and you were pleased to commend Inspector Pelletier, and the following non- " commissioned officers and constables : Sergeant McArthur, Corporals Reeves and Joyce, and Constables Walker and Conway. I also desire to bring to your notice a patrol made by Sergeant Field and Cor- poral Mellor from Fort Chipewyan to Fort Simpson and return, a distance of 1,400 miles in January last. The weather was very cold. The dog train used on this patrol also travelled 740 miles on other patrols, mak- ing a total of 2.140 miles during last winter. Owing to complaints of foul play having been made in February, 1909, by the relatives of two brothers, W. M. and Frank Macleod, who lost their lives on the South Nahanni river, 1905 or 1906, where they had gone prospecting. Corporal Mellor was ordered to patrol up the Liard river to inquire into the circumstances of their death. He ascended the Liard river as far as Fort Liard. I attach an interesting account of his trip. He found that the unfortunate brothers had starved to death. As illustrating the value of the patrol work, I inclose a copy of an exhaustive report by StafF-Sergeant Anderson, who visited Grand Prairie in the Peace river country, in which he deals with the capabilities of that country for settlement and its present development. I give more prominence to the patrols in the unsettled regions, as they are in a country little known, and, therefore, of more public interest; but the patrols along the boundary in the sparsely settled districts and along the railway construc- tion of the Grand Trunk Pacific are of greater value and call for equal hardihood from those engaged. The pack train patrol on the Grand Trunk Pacific operates as far west as the contractors are at work. It moves in all weathers and over at times almost impassible trails. Inspector Tucker, who is in charge, reports that the camps are peaceful, the workmen well behaved and an entire absence of serious crime. Along the boundary, in the Wood mountain subdistrict, there have been some bold thefts of large bands of horses. The tliieves have been followed into the United 24 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD Vll., A. 1910 States, and four liave been brought back and are now serving sentences in Alberta penitentiary. Inspector Richards, who is in command there, has shown energy and zeal in pur- suing and bringing to justice those border criminals. In the isolated settlements the police, as far as their time will allow, aim at see- ing settlers every month or two. No point in the two provinces is very far from a post of our men, to whom any settler may apply in case of need for advice or as- sistance. ASSISTANCE TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS. CUSTOMS DEPARTMENT. Our outposts at Marienthal (formerly Dupuis), Wood Mountain, Willow Creek, Pendant d'Oreille and Twin Lakes are ports of entry and the police are acting cus- toms officers. I would like to be relieved of this work as it too closely confines the officer or non-commissioned officer in charge and interferes with their police duties. INDIAN DEPARTMENT. Escorts attended the treaty payments whenever required. Detachments are main- tained on or in the vicinity of the large reserves. The Indians are well behaved, as a rule, but they will get intoxicants if possible. On the Blood reserve the excessive use of liquor has recently resulted in one murder. The small towns in the vicinity of the reserves have increased the opportunities of getting liquor. Many of the young Indiana dress like white men, speak English fluently and can- not be distinguished from halfbreeds, so that the difficulties in enforcing the law prohibiting the sale of liquor to them arc increasing. The practice of encouraging the Indians to parade on public occasions at the large cities or towns is undesirable, because of the drunkenness which follows, and it should be prohibited. There were 260 convictions under the prohibitive clause of the Indian Act, of which 60 were for supplying. ENGAGEMENTS AND DISCHARGES. Engagements, &c. — Engaged constables 164 Engaged special constables 95 Re-engaged after leaving 8 Surrendered from desertion 2 Total increase 269 Re-engaged without leaving 64 Discharges, died, &c.- — Time expired 35 Purchased 30 Invalided 6 Pensioned 9 Died 4 Deserted 31 Dismissed for bad conduct 37 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER PERRY 25- SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Dismissed foi- inefficiency 6 iJnsuitable for further service 1 Specials discharged lOG Specials, died 2 Total decrease 267 Difference in numbers^ from 190S, two constables moJe. DIED. Eeg. No. 2299, Stafi-Sergeant Bates, G. Beg. No. 3566, Sergeant Donaldson, R.M.L. Reg. No. 4744, Constable Faruham, C.F. Eeg. No. 4643, Constable Hodgkinson, T.H. Special Constable Parsons, F. Special Constable Stockwell, H. PENSIONED. Reg. No. 1103 Sergeant Major Brooke, A. R. Reg. No. 2357, Sergeant Major Bowbridgc ,W. J. Reg. No. 1288, Sergeant McLellan, A. K. Reg. No. 1811, Corporal Geoghegan, J. Reg. No. 1956, Corporal Mathews, J. J . Reg. No. 1651, Constable Rogers, M. Reg. No. 1334, Constable Taylor, J. Reg. No. 1969, Constable McCullocb, D. Reg. No. 2145, Constable Lattimore, A. Insi)ector W. O. McCarthy. APPOINTED. RESIGNED. Inspector A. E. Shaw. One hundred and sixty-four recruits were engaged, resulting in a net gain of 2. The preventable loss was 105, made up as follows: — Purchased, 30; deserted, 31; dismissed, 37; inefficient, 6; unsuitable for cause, 1. Last year the preventable loss was 117. I cannot add anything to the views I expressed in last year's report on this subject. Drunkenness is still the cause for nearly all the serious breaches of discipline. Men who, if sober, would be the most valuable members of the force seem unable to resist. The average length of service of the deserters was 8 months ; the average length of service of the dismissed was 1 year 6 montlis; the average length of service of the inefficient was 6 months. I beg to repeat my recommendation that the term of engagement be reduced to three years, and that the rate of pay for trained, efficient men be increased. I do anticipate that, even with more inducements, we shall still have the dissatisfied, the dissipated, and even bad characters, but we shall haVe a larger and better class of recruits to choose from, and less will wish to purchase out before completion of their engagements. I regret to have to record six deaths, four regular members and two supernumer- aries. I have already referred to Sergeant Donaldson's untimely end. Staff-Sergeant Bates had almost completed his 20 years' service for pension. ' Constables Farnham and ITodgkineon were bright, efficient young men. 26 • ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Eighty-eight remounts were xJurchased during the year at an average price of 8.20, which is $8.66 more than last year. The loss was 53, making a gain in strength of 35. Thirty-seven were cast and .sold, fetching an average price of $72.92. Four ponies were sold at an average price of $37.33. Nine horses died and 3 were destroyed on account of accidents. It is more difficult each year to purchase suitable remounts. Breeders are going in for heavy horses for which there is a steady, active demand. This year I was obliged to go to British Columbia to secure the full number of remounts required. The force is well mounted, but more horses are required every year because of the increased work. Every man on detachment can use two horses. DRILL AND TRAINING. The instruction of recruits has been carried on systematically at the depot, but it has too often been hurried because of the requirements of the divisions. Owing to the wide distribution little or no training can be carried on except at the depot. TARGET PRACTICE. Target practice, as required by the regulations, was performed by the whole force a? far as conditions permitted. TRANSPORT. The transport is in good repair, well painted and sufficient for all requirements. HARNESS AND SADDLERY. The harness is in good condition and sufficient. Fifty new saddles will be required this coming year to replace old worn out saddles which have been in use for over 25 years. UNIFORM. The uniform is of good quality and sufficient in quantity. RATIONS. Provisions have been purchased under contract. The quality is excellent. FORAGE. Forage is also purchased under contracts awarded by public tender. ■' BUILDINGS. The police posts and buildings are generally in an excellent state of repair. The post at Battleford was overhauled and painted. The barracks at Macleod and Maple Creek were painted. I have submitted an-estimate of the new buildings and the repairs which will be required next year. REPORT OF COMMI!?SIONEE PEHRY 27 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 GENERAL. Their Excellencies the Governor General and Countess Grey visited Edmonton and Eegina in connection with the ceremonies attendant upon laying the corner stones of the new legislation buildings at the capitals of the two provinces. Mounted escorts were supplied, and at Regina the police battery fired the usual salute. The rules and regulations of the force have been consolidated and revised and came into force by order in council on October 1, 1909. Supt. W. H. Eoutledge was employed on this work and the comptroller was good enough to place on record his recognition of his services. In closing my report, I feel that I have not fully brought to your attention the many services of the force during the past year. I am able to assure you of the devo- tion of all ranks to their duty. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, A. B. PERRY, Commissioner. 28 ROYAL l^'ORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 APPENDIX A. ANNUAL EEPOET OF SUPERINTENDENT R. B. DEANE, COMMANDING ' E ' DIVISION, CALGARY. Calgary, Alta., October 1, 1909. The Commissioner, Royal Northwest Mounted Police, Regina, Sask. Sir, — I have the honour to render the annual report of ' E ' Division for the yea.' ended September 30, 1909. GENERAL STATE OF THE DISTRICT. Settlers are pouring into the district from all sides, and the year 1909 will surely go down to history as a record year for crops. At this date nothing in my garden has suffered from frost except the very tender flowers and vegetables, such as nasturtiums and French beans. The fact that the Equinox should have passed 'without any symptom of the usual storms is unprecedented so far as my experience has gone. CRIME. The following is a tabulated statement of cases entered and disposed of during the preceding eleven months : — Cases entered . Con- victions. Dis- missals . With- drawn. For- feited bail. For Trial. Offences against the person — Assault, common 51 6 2 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 7 15 7 2 118 11 7 ■ 1 2 43 8 It causing bodily harm 2 ti indecent 11 aggravated Abduction 1 1 1 Attempted suicide 1 Rape and attempted rape 2 1 Criminal neglect 1 2 2 6 6 4 2 93 3 4 Offences against the property — Cattle stealing 1 : 11 killing Cruelty to animals 1 4 3 Horse-stealing 1 4 Burglary Shopbreaking , Theft False pretenses 15 4 1 4 4 6 Forgery 2 Embezzlement 1 Receiving stolen property i 1 REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT DEANE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 29 Cases entered. Con- victions. Dis- missals . With- drawn. For- feited bail. For Trial. Offences against the property- Con. 1 3 7 3 9 1 1 2 1 3 177 108 4 A 2 2 1 15 2 61 9 2 1 38 4 25 37 25 28 6 1 2 1 12 2 2 2 2 1 6 872 1 Arson 2 5 s" 1 "2 3 162 107 4 4 11 1 2 2 15 2 53 9 2 1 34 3 23 35 20 21 4 1 2 1 11 2 2 2 2 1 6 1 2 3 1 Counterfeiting Damage to proi>erty Breach of contract Offences against law and justice — Counfjellinpr and procuring the commission of a crime 1 Assaiilting a peace office 1 Offences against public order — Offenc-s against religion and morals- 15 1 Drunk . .' Keeping house of ill-fame Inmate of house of ill-fame Offences against Railway Act— 1 Indians drunk 8 Supplying liquor Offences against any other Act — 4 2 2 5 7 1 1 Offences against Northwest ordinances- Prairie tires Brand 1 1 ' School Druggists Public works Miscellaneous Totals 742 98 12 20 The following statement shows the number of convictions, number of fines im- posed, number of sentences to jail, number of suspended sentences, and number sent to penitentiary : — Number of convictions 742 Number of fines imposed 363 Sentences to jail 328 Suspended sentences ^ 40 Sentences to penitentiary 11 30 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOVNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 The following statement shows the number of cases tried in the Supreme Court, number of convictions, number of fines, number of imprisonments in jail, suspended sentences, number sent to the i)enitentiary, number acquitted, and number of cases awaiting trial September 30, 1909. Number of cases before Supreme Court or District Court. ... 72 Number of convictions 47 Number sentenced to imprisonment in jail 29 Number sent to penitentiary 11 Suspended sentences 5 Withdrawn by Crown prosecutor 5 Forfeited bail Acquitted 20 Conviction, afterwards quashed by court en banc Number of cases awaiting trial Setpember 30, 1909 20 The total number of cases entered being-, as I have said, 872, the number of con- victions thereout stands at 742, with twenty eases still awaiting the decision of the courts. Roughly speaking that is a little better than 85 per cent of convictions. The percentage of convictions before the Supreme Court is 65, but that number includes eases sent up for trial by the city authorities. The ntimber of cases sent up by our- selves was 43 with 31 convictions, which percentage works out at 72. I may quote an example of a class of case that I am trying to control: — Last July a settler in the distant country reported to the Berry Creek police de- tachment that a steer calf of his (previously unbranded) had come home with a fresh brand on his side and both ears split. The brand in question belonged to a settler living a few miles away. The owner of the brand, when questioned, said that he and his brother had branded the animal in question as being one of a bunch (as he believed) which he had bought in the month of June. He said that if the claimant was certain that the yearling was his he was content to give it up, but the claimant, who appears to be rather a truculent individual, would not accept my suggestion that he should go and talk it over with the owner of the brand, and now at this late date declares his inten- tion of laying an information against the other man. The police detachment have orders not to take the matter up, but if the claimant can find a country J. P. who will take his information, the case may be sent up for trial without my knowing anything about it, notwithstanding that there is not only no evidence of guilty intent, but that the claimant is more to blame than any one else for allowing his beast to roam the range unbranded. The false pretense class of offence is very troublesome. Only three convictions resulted in eleven cases, and most of the others were fore-doomed to failure. There have been no causes celebres during the past 11 months, and there is noth- ing to call for special comment. It will be observed that there have been very few cases of cattle stealing and kill- ing, but the entries of horse-stealing have jumped from 4 in 1908 to 15 in 1909, and T may touch briefly hereupon. There have been six convictions and four cases are awaiting trial. Of the remaining five one was withdrawn and the other four were dismissed by the courts ; one of these was a case of disputed ownership at Red Deer which, the judge said, was not a case for a criminal court, and the others were dis- missed on their merits. Constable Meehan, of Cochrane detachment, did a good piece of work, which wn- generously recognized by the owner of the stolen animals. Mr. Angus ifacpherson, of Cochrane, had engaged a labourer temporarily, had paid him off and last saw him on the railn^ay platform at Cochrane waiting for the train to Calgary. REPORT OF SVPERiyTENDENT DEANE 31 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 That night a gelding and a well-bred mare were taken out of his stable and he offered $50 reward for their recovery. The theft was reported to Constable ;Meehan on the morning of the 14th May, and he proceeded to make inquiries all round his station. In the course -of the next day he learnt from some Stoney Indians that on the day before they had seen a man, with a led horse, riding south, and Constable Meehan journeyed southwards until his horse played out and night overtook him in a violent snow storm. Next day (16th), with a fresh, borrowed horse, he started again at daybreak. Tracking was difficult in the deep snow, but in a couple of hours he and a rancher named Sibbald, who had provided his remount and was accompanying him, came to a ranch where they found the two stolen horses in a pasture and the thief in bed. At his trial Dennis pleaded guilty and was sentenced to three years in the penitentiary. It turned out that we had been previously acquainted with James Dennis, for, in March, 1908, we had arrested him uixm an extradition warrant for horse-stealing in Choteau county, Montana. His name then was Hugh W. McCabe. For some reason or other the prosecution was abandoned by the ^Montana authorities. We were fortunate enough to convict two burglars, full-blooded negroes named Jackson and Jones, who visited Carstairs on October 27, 1908. They stole some articles from a general store by breaking the front window aud fired two shots at Dr. Laidlaw who was sleeping over the store and who put his head out of the window to see what was going on. In the north they obtruded themselves so much iipon police notice that they found their way into the penitentiary, whence we brought them here for trial. On conviction in the district court on May 8, 1909, Jackson was awarded two years and Jones two years and seven months imprisonment in the penitentiary. The social evil has been somewhat in evidence recently here as elsewhere. The Presbyterian and Methodist ministers of East Calgary represented to me ihat the existence of a colony of sporting women at Xose creek was prejudically affecting the morals and welfare of the community at East. Calgary, and I promised to do what was possible in that connection. In company with the sergeant major I visited each one of tlie houses and saw the respective proprietresses and told them that they must choose some other locality to live in or they might get themselves into serious trouble. They all took the hint and departed, except one, who sent me a doctor to explain that she was not able to move just then. I found that they were paying the most extravagant rents — $100 and $150 a month in advance, and the landlords seem to be little better than sharks. It is needless to say that every house has since been reoccupied — the landlords and their agents saw to that — and my inward conviction is that the most effective man- ner of dealing with this troublesome question is to make it unlawful for a person to let a house for the purposes of prostitution. The real owners of some of these places would be ashamed to have their names known, and, to my mind, very much more effectual pressure can be applied along that line than along any other. PRAIRIE FIRES. There have been thirty cases of prairie fire and three of forest fire. The three latter occurred at Castle Mountain, Devil's Canyon, and near Bank- head. It was not possible to trace the origin of either. Twenty-five fire cases were tried in court and 23 convictions resulted. One case was dismissed by the magistrate because no mischief had been done, and anotlier was similarly disposed of because the offender was a new settler, and the spark that did the raischief possibly came from his chimney. Of the five other cases, one was doubtless started by lightning, and another by a careless smoker passing along a trail, but no information could be gathered as to the origin of the other three. 32 BOTAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 ASSISTANCE TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS. JUSTICE. Gvard-room and Common Jail. Calgary, October 1, 1909. The Officer Commanding, Royal Northwest Mounted Police, Calgary, Alta. Sib, — I have the honour to submit the Guard-room Annual Report for the year ■ending September 30, 1909. The health of the prisoners confined in the guard-room and female jail for the past eleven months has been very good, outside of the ordinary trivial complaints. Two prisoners died during the past year; one was a male lunatic, named Gunda H. Holland, who was confined in the hospital ward of the female jail under observa- tion; he died on November 10, 1908, and an inquest was held by Dr. Sanson, coroner. The verdict given was : — ' Death due to exhaustion brought on by tuberculosis of the lungs and intestines.' The other, a male prisoner James Lowry, who was awaiting trial here on a charge of theft with violence. He was taken ill and was placed in the hospital ward of the female jail for treatment. He died on June 19, 1909, and an inquest was held by Dr. Sanson, coroner, a verdict of ' Death from natural causes ' was returned. Both these men were under the care of Dr. Rouleau, the jail surgeon, and Mrs. Stuttaford, the matron. The number of entries in the pimishment book for the past eleven months is 24, which, considering that the daily number of prisoners has averaged 54-60, is very small. The guard-room, female jail and out buildings are in first class repair, tlic female jail was kalsomined and repainted during the year, and the guard-room has just been kalsomined and the laundry repainted. A noticeable improvement has been made in the guard-room in the ventilation of the cells, &c., four ventilators, each six feet long, have l)een placed in the two corridors ; these allow a better circulation of pure air into, and the escape of impure air from, the cells. It is healthier for the prisoners, especially when the windows have to be kept closed during inclement weather. Another improvement has also been made in the sewerage system from the guard- room and female jail. The pipes which previously had run into the Elbow river had become blocked on September 13. 1909, and hv consent of the commissioners of the city of Calgary, connection was then made with the city system. There are twenty-two cells in the guard-room on the male side and eight cells on the female side, making a total cell accommodation for thirty prisnier.<, — males, females, and lunatics. On the female side there is what is called a hospital ward, capable of containing four beds and this accommodation has be.'n strained to the utmost during the past eleven months. The cells being full, I have to let the prisoners at large sleep in the laundry of the guard-room. The female jail, hospital ward and lunatic ward are still under the capable man- agement of Matron :Mrs. S. L. Stuttaford, whose long exiierience of handling prisoners and attending to the sick and insane is invaluable. The number of lunatics admitted during the past eleven months was 49. There has not been very much delay in the disposal of them to Brandon, with tlie exception of one, Nicholas Blaes, who was admitted under observation for insanity on the 6th July, 1909, from Didsbury, and who is still here. This man is well now, but I believe REPORT OF SVPERIXTENDENT DEANE 33 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 correspondence is taking place between tlie department of the Attorney General and the United States authorities to have him deported, and we are awaiting instructions from the department of the Attorney General re his disposal. Prisoner John Conway, sentenced to one year for house-breaking and theft, went insane while confined here, and is at present confined in the lunatic ward under observa- tion pending instruction as to his deportation. Female prisoner Mukitza Snechna, sentenced to a two months' imprisonment for vagrancy, went insane and was taken up to Brandon on a warrant from the Attorney General. Four juvenile offenders were admitted during the past eleven months. Boy, Chas. Smith, admitted on April 16, 1009, was dismissed and sent to E. B. Chadwiek, super- intendent of the Industrial school at Edmonton. He made his escape from his guardian. Chief Lancey of the police, on June 24, 1909. He made his way from Edmonton to his mother's home in Calgary and was arrested there on Jvily 12, 1909, on two charges of house-breaking and theft at Didsbury. He was taken to Didsbury on July 13, 1909, for his preliminary trial, and was committed for trial by Jas. J. Brewster, J.P. At present he is confined in the female jail awaiting his trial in the District Court on October S, 1909. Boy, Norman McPherson. admitted on April 21, 1909, was sent to E. B. Chadwiek, superintendent of Industrial School, Edmonton. Boy, Peter Trupezak, admitted on September 25, 1909, charged with theft, is at present confined in the female jail here on remand until October 2, 1909. Prisoner Leslie W. Wilson was released on August 17, 1909, on ticket of leave by an order of the Department of the Secretary of State, Ottawa. By virtue of an order in council, twelve prisoners were transferred to Macleod and one to Lethbridge on September 24, 1909. Ample supply of clothing has been furnished to the ijrisoners, male and female, during the past eleven months. Attached are guard-room statistics of the division. I have the honour to be, sir. Tour obedient servant, (Sgd.) E. E. TUCKEE, Corpl, Provost. GUAKD-EOOM STATISTICS FOE YEAE ENDING SEPTEMBEE 30, 1909. Males . Whites 320 Half I'reeds 22 Indians 34 Neproes ^ Chfnese 1 Boyt. ■ 4 Lunatics 32 Total 420 Females. Whites 24 HaUbreeds 12 Indians 17 Negresses 4 Lunatics 17 Total. Number of prisoners in guard-room November 1, 1908 51 Number of prisoners in guard-room September 30, 1909 36 Daily average Maximum numVier Minmiuni numlier 36 Servine sentence 27 Awaiting trial. 8 Under obsevation '. 1 28—3 .54-60 85 21st .Tune, 1909. 15th. 20th, 21st February, 1909, and 30th September, 1909. 34 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 LUNATICS. Number received in gviard-room ... 49 Males 32 Females 17 DISP0S.4L OF LUNATICS. Male. To Brandon Asyluin . . Discharged as sane Discharged to relations. 13 3 1 To Brandon Asylum 22 Discharged as sane 6 Discharged to relatives 1 To Sanitarium 1 Under observation 1 Died 1 Total 32 Prisoners who have undergone or are undergoing sentence from November 1, 1908, to September 30, 1909. Female. CHARGE.S. Males — Horse stealing Housebreaking and burglary . . False pretenses Theft Robbery Forgery Assault Selling liquor without license. Drunk Stealing ride on C. P. R Trespassing on C. P. R Carrying concealed weapons . . Vagrancy Cattle killing Neglecting family Resisting officer Threatening bodily harm Tendency to corrupt morals . , . Escaping lawful custody Working stray horses Extortion Liquor to interdicted person. . Dancagre to property Procuring girl for brothel .... Females — Theft Drunk Assault Vagrancy .■ Keeping bawdy house Prostitution .Selling liquor without license. Posing for obscene pictures . . . Boys— theft . Judian Act. Males — Indians, intoxicants in possession .... Having intoxicants on reserve Indians drunk Supplying intoxicants to Indians Females — Indians, intoxicants in possession. Indians drunk Trespassing on reserve Supplying liquor to Indians Number of sentences. 4 61 2 17 62 9 1 1 59 1 1 2 Average months. 22 4 10 10 3 IH 6 2 12 Terms : days. 10 43 lift? 15 12^ m 7 14 17iJ 8t 281 22i 15" 4t 15 2Si 7i REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT DEANE 35 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 As the figures given in the provost's report will show, our prison accommodation during the past summer has been strained to the utmost. With only 30 cells wherein to house males, females and lunatics our daily average of prisoners since November 1, 1908, has been 54-60. On June 21 last the number ran \ip to 85, and on that date I had to refuse admission to 13 vagrants from the city for want of accommodation. Pursuant to an order in council we transferred thirteen prisoners to Macleod and Lethbridge on September 24, and thus obtained a little temporary relief. The prison staff have done yeoman service, and have amply proved their capability in the stressful times through which we have passed. I am sorry to have lost Sergt. Peters, who gave up the provost's placj here to accept promotion, but his successor. Corporal Tucker, is equally capable and attentive. The women and lunatics have been controlled by the matron with firmness and discretion; so much so that no single case of breach of prison discipline has been re- I>orted from that side. The complaints from the male side have also been very few and far between, and this \mquestionably speaks well for the prison staff and escorts. STATE OF INDIANS. Fifty-three Indians have been convicted of drunkenness, of whom 22 males and 10 females have expiated their offence by imprisonment. The Indians generally are extremely well-behaved, except when their inordinate thirst gets them into trouble. DISTRIBUTION OF STRENGTH. i S J) s TJ S s Station. 1 i a= ni CO S X c o w a a: ■SO a; 3 « a M w 03 W o O W H X 1 2 2 3 15 4 27 21 1 2 4 2 4 1 4 Trochu Valley 2 4 Olds .. ::;:■ 1 1 Red Deer 9 Banff 1 2 Bankhead 1 1 Canmore 1 1 1 1 1 Strathmore 2 Totals , 1 2 3 1 .6 27 6 46 46 DRILL AND TRAINING, MUSKETRY, ARMS, &C. We have had as much drill, both mounted and dismounted, as circumstancM have permitted. The remounts have learnt something of the intricacies of the menage, and revolver target practice has been carried out. 28— 3i 36 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 OONDUCr AND DISCIPLINE. Without disparaging the graceful turn of phrase which so usefully records the ' support of all ranks,' I am justified in saying of the mcmbera of ' E ' Division that every member thereof has pulled his honest pound. The men on detachment have wits and use them, and the iJublic service duly benefits thereby. HEALTH. The health of the Division has been excellent. Const. Plant, who has been, during the last few months, on detar-hment at Red Deer, has been taken into the hospital there suffering from typhoid. The cause thereof has yet to be ascei'tained. \ HORSES. We began the year on November 1, 1908, with 50 horse.s anl have recei/ed four remounts. Per contr.a we have lost and sold three, and transferred five to other Divi- sions, and begin another year's campaign with 46. I estimate that we shall, in the not distant future, have to sell some of these and shall require six remounts for saddle and four for team purposes. TRANSPORT, HARNESS AND SADDLEKY. We are much in need of two light wagons to replace a couple which might, with advantage to the public service, be disposed of. We have all the harness and saddlery that we want. CANTEEN — READING ROOM, &C. The canteen flourishes, and the monthly library subscription from all ranks keeps the Division supplied with the latest literature. BUILDINGS^ &C. For the sum of $275 we pulled down and. b.v our own labour, rebuilt the detach- ment buildings at Canmore, and they -now afford good accommodation for man and beast. At Gleichen, arrangements have been made whereby the detachment will be prop- erly housed at a rental of $20, but the buildings at Banff remain in their iisual dilapi- dated condition, only rather more so. GENERAL — EXTWISTLE. At the beginning of July I was ordered to hold an inquiry under oath into cer- tain complaints, which had been scattered abroad, respecting the village of Enlwistle and the mounted police connection therewith. The inquiry was made as exhaustive as was possible under the circumstances, and, having taken the sworn testimony of all sorts and conditions of residents, I found that Entwistle was a much maligned little village, and that the complaints as made and published consisted of exaggeration, misrepresentation, and invention. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, R. BUETON DEANE, Supt., Commanding ' E' Division, Calgary. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT CONSTANTIXE SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 37 APPENDIX B. AXXUAL REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT C. CONSTANTINE, COMMAND- ING ' A ' DIVISION. Maple Creek, September 30, 1909. The Commissioner, R.N.W. Mounted Police, Regina. Sir,— :I have the honour to submit the report of ' A ' Division for eleven months ended September 30, 1909. GENERAL STATE OF THE DISTRICT. Owing to the rains this year the crops have been excellent. There were several sharp hail storms during the summer. They were, however, not general, but passed over strips of the country, and the loss from this cause was comparatively small. We also had some untimely frosts, but there was no damage therefrom. The following entries for homesteads, &c., were made at the local land offices : — Maple Creek, 650 homesteads; Swift Current, 779 homesteads and 889 pre- emptions; Herbert, 1,588 homesteads and 794 pre-emptions; Gull Lake, 596 homesteads and 741 pre-emptions. The majority of the incoming settlers are reported to be Americans. The following shipments were made from Maple Creek during the past year: — 5,000 cattle, 2,000 horses, 6,000 sheep and 150 hogs. CRIME. The following is a tabulated statement of cases entered and disposed of during the preceeding eleven months : — Crime Offences a?ainst the Person — Shooting with intent Assault common It .ajjgravated Intimidation Leaving excavations unguarded. Offences against Property — Theft Horse stealing Cattle stealing Cattle killing Cruelty to animals False pretense.'* Shooting and wounding cattle and horses . Burglary Wilfully damaging property Attempted arson DH 1 16 1 1 1 27 11 1 1 1 19 V. S a^M Remark.s. Shown last year as wait- ing trial. Convictio]! afterwards quashed. 1 shown waiting trial last year, 2 suspended sen- tences, 1 absconded bail. Shown last year waiting trial. Suspended sentence. 38 R07AL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Crime |1 OH 1 > i Dismissed, Withdrawn, &c. Remarks. Offences against Public Order — Unlawfully carrying offensive and conceal- ed weapons 1 15 19 3 3 2 9 fi 13 4 6 1 7 2 4 1 1 . 15 18 3 Offences against Religion and Morals — Vagrancy Drunk and disorderly Causing disturbance , 1 Incest 3 1 Seduction under promise of marriage Keeper house of ill-fame ■ 1 2 Inmates ■> Gambling in railway car 1 Nuisance 1 1 4 1 1 1 .. ..^. 4 5 11 4 4 1 7 1 4 1 Corruption and Disobedience — (* Encaping from custody Offences against the Railway Act — Stealing rides Trespass Operator, drunk 2 Supplying liquor to operator Theft from railway station Offences against the Customs Act 1 Offences against Dominion Lands Act Offences against Provincial Statutes and and Ordinances— Mastei's and servants 1 5 1 2 1 Game Prairie fires Liquor license Insanity Horse breeders 2 Pound 1 Public health Protection of sheep and other animals from dogs Total 185 135 37 13 Total cases tried before Supreme Court or District Court: — Number of cases. .' 11 Number of convictions 9 Number of fines 0 Number of imprisonments 3 Number of prisoners sent to penitentiary 4 Suspended sentence 1 Acquitted 2 Number of cases awaiting trial on September 30 13 Out of 185 cases entered, 135 convictions were obtained. There is a commend- able decrease under the heads of ' vagrancy,' and ' drunk and disorderly.' Nye and Miller, two notorious horse thieves were brought from the United States, and each sentenced to five years in the Edmonton penitentiary. They stole two saddle horses from a ranch near Gull lake, and skipped across the line. Louis Boyer, who has given us a lot of work, was sentenced to two years on each charge, that of horse stealing and escaping from custody, sentences to run concur- rently. The judge in passing sentence said he took the youth of the prisoner into consideration. We have three cases of incest, waiting trial ; a father and his two sons. They are Mennonites. REPORT OF SVPERINTENDENT CONSTANTIKE 39 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 There are thirteen eases altogether waiting trial at time of writing, made up as follows : — One theft. Three horse stealing. One cattle killing. One shooting and wounding cattle. One attempted arson. Three incest. One seduction. One gambling on Canadian Pacific Railway car. One offence against Dominion Lands Act. PRAIHIE FIRES. Prairie fires have not been so nuni'^T'^'is in this district this year, owing to the moisture. There have been but thirteen cases. In eleven cases convicticis were obtained. ASSISTAl^CE TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS. JUSTICE. Orderlies have been supplied at the sittings of the Supreme and District Courts. Our guard-room is the common jail of the district. It has ten cells, some of which, and also portions of the building are badly lighted, and the conveniences are not modern. A steel cage was installed a short time ago, and it has been found to be a great convenience for the keeping of our important prisoners. CUSTOMS. Sergeant Maclean, in charge of Willow Creek Detachment, acts as sub-collector of customs. INDIANS. The Indians in this community are non-treaty, and are not numerous. Tiiey are self-6upporting, and fairly well conducted. Distribution of Strength on September 30, 1909. Place. g 1 a I 03 1 C i =1 03 3 1 i B V 03 Sergeants. 1 o i 3 s 6 i n a * |o O. D 03 ■3 1 1 Maple Creek 1 . 1 1 1 2 1 8 "i 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 16 1 1 ,S 1 2 J 3 3 3 2 2 15 1 Gull Lake 1 ■ ■• 1 5 Herbfit 2 Saskatchpwan Landinfi^ . 3 1 Ten Mile ....1 i"' 1 ...... i 1 1 1 4 Willow Creek East End Montgonierys ^Landin^ 4 4 2 On furlough 1 Total 1 1 1 •» 6 20 5 38 42 40 ROYAL NOiri'HWKI^T MOVXTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 DRILL AND TRAINING^ MUSKETRY, &C. Owing to the amount of work to bo done, and the weak strength of the Di\-ision, it was found impossible to get much drilling done. The annual revolver practice is in progress. The Division is armed with the Winchester carbine. CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE. The conduct of the Divisions has, on the whole, been good. HEALTH. The health of the Division has been good. HORSES. Six remounts were purchased here by you, and they were posted to this Division. Two horses were sent to Regina. Two horses were cast during the year as being unfit for service. TRANSPORT, SADDLERY AND HARNESS. The transport saddlery and harness are in good order, and suflSeient. CANTEEN, READING AND RECREATION ROOM. The canteen prospers, and is a convenience for its few customers. The recreation room was painted and fixed up during the summer, and has been brightened up con- siderably thereby. ' STORES. The supply of forage and rations, &c., were satisfactory. GUARD-ROOM STATISTICS. Prisoners. Total number confined on October 31, 1908 2 Total number of 11 months (male) 57 Total number on September 30, 1909 (male) 7 Daily average 4 '79 Maximum number on any day 12 Minimum number on any day 0 Number awaiting trial 2 Number serving sentences. 5 Number of lunatics received ami sent to Brandon asylum (male) 2 GENERAL. The barrack buildings are being painted a grayish colour and gives the post a much smarter appearance. The post at Willow Creek is also being painted. The N.C.O.'s and men of the Division have worked well and hard. In conclusion, I can only repeat what I said in my last report as to the pa\ioity of men for the work to be done. I have the honour to be, sir Tour obedient servant, C. CONSTANTINE, SupL, Commanding 'A' Division. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT SANDERS 41 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX C. • ANNUAL REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT G. E. SANDERS. D.S.O., REGINA. Regina, Sask., October 1, 1909. The Commissiouer, R.N.W.M. Police, Regina, Sask. Sm, — I have the honour to submit the report for Depot Division and Res'inii Police District covering eleven months ending September 30, 1909. The district supervised by Depot Division has an area of 40.000 square miles ; more than a third of the agricultural portion of the province of Saskatchewan. The growth of population has steadily continued, and the difficulties met with in provid- ing adequate police protection have, as in the past, been a constant source of per- plexity. One of the chief causes is the closing up of one detachment in order to place it at a more important point; a change of that kind is invariably opposed vigorou.sly by the town or locality from which it is proposefl to move the constable. With the Fame number of men. and ever-increasing demands, it is impossible for us to keep men in the older established towns and villages, but they have become so accustomed to the presence of a member of the force amongst them that they almost demand his retention as a vested right. There are very few towns which have their own constables, and I would strongly recommend that the provincial government do something to make them supply the deficiency. These towns, if in a province with a provincial police, would be obliged to have their own constables, but here they depend on our force and take up a great deal of our time with trivial matters which often interfere greatly with more important work. The apparent lack of knowledge of what our men are doing throughout the country, both by the general public and by government officials, leads to many unfair demands being made on us, demand.s which would never have been made had not the parties making them been quite ignorant of the fact that practically every minute of the time of our men on detachment is fully occupied with their own particular duties. As I write I have a case in point wherein an official of an important department of the Dominion government, and who has been in the west for many years, has asked me to send the constables of two of my detachments to devote a fortnight entirely to some of the ordinary work of his own department. During the year we have removed detachments at the following places: — Carlyle, Grenfell. Kutawa and Whitewood. The Mackenzie River detachments at Fort 'McPher- son and Ilerschell island have been handed over to ' N ' Division. New ones have been opened at Outlook on the Canadian Pacific Railway extension northwest from Moosejaw. at Wynyard on the Canadian Pacific Railway west of Yorkton, at Wolseley, at Windtliorst on the Wolseley-Reston branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and at Melville and Punnichy on the Grand Trunk Pacific. A new detachment will shortly be established at Gravelbourg. a French settlement southwest of Moosejaw, and at Nokomis, the junction of the Canadian Pacific Railway Kirkella branch and the Grand Trunk Pacific. I would also strongly reconnnend a detachment at Stoughton, which has become a busy point since it became the junction of the Areola branch and Weyburn extension of the Canadian Pacific Railway. GENERAL STATE OF DISTRICT. The whole country is in a much more prosperous condition than it was last year; a fairly good harvest in IOCS, and an cxeellrnt crop this season has gone far to obli- 42 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 terate the ill effects of the failure of 1907. There is much activity in all branches of business, and the increased amount of building as compared with the previous year is very marked. Immigration, which fell off in 1908, now gives promise of being larger than ever. It is estimated that some 25,000 people have been added to the population of the province of Saskatchewan since the bginning of the year ; the greater portion of these have gone into the outlying districts. In the country round about Wood Moun- tain upwards of 3,000 people have settled, and with a few exceptions they are all well equipped to meet the conditions of a new country. Between Wood Mountain and the Soo Line (Canadian Pacific Railway) there has also been quite an influx of settlers, the majority are Americans, but amongst them are quite a large number of French, those around Gravelbourg being almost entirely of that nationality. The immigration into this part of my district has been caused by the anticipation of a railway, and there is much disappointment that the Canadian Pacific Eailway extension from Wey- burn to Lethbridge has not been pushed. The settlement now in should encourage the railway company to build a good portion of this road next year. The Great Northern is also expected to cross into Canada just east of Wood Moimtain. The Canadian Northern have already partially constructed a line from Maryfield to Midale, and this road will eventually continue on towards Lethbridge, through the Wood Mountain district. Hardly ever have conditions been so favourable for a good crop as the present year; owing to a fine autumn, ploughing was possible until nearly the end of Novem- ber, and the mild weather continued till Christmas; there was no snow, and it rained on Christmas eve. Seeding operations were delayed a little by heavy snow storms in the beginning of April, but from that on the weather was just what was required, the harvest being safely gathered before there was any sign of frost. Some little damage was done by hail, but nothing compared to what is often experienced. Marvellous crops of oats are reported, one averaging 127 bushels to the acre, but the average crop throughout my district, judging from the various reports I have re- ceived will be wheat 25, and oats 80 bushels to the acre. Flax is also a very good crop, especially in outlying districts away from the railway, where the growing of wheat is not so profitable. More mixed farming is being done, but, still a large majoritjj of farmers depend entirely on growing grain. This will probably rectify itself in time, when they have the necessary funds to purchase stock. The only signs of lack of progress to be seen are in some of the small towns along the older lines of railways. These have, in many instances, had their contributary districts curtailed by the establishment of other towns on new railways, and, as a result, are suffering from temporary depression. CRIME. It is impossible to make an exact comparison with thj crime during the last eleven months and that of last year, but taking a monthly average the number of cases entered is practically the same; at any rate there is not the general increase to record of former years. The percentage of convictions, however, is greater, it being 92-51 per cent as compared with 91-09 per cent in 1908, and 91-38 per cent in 1907. A comparative statement of crime in this district from 1901 to the present year is contained in the following table : — • 1904 1905 1906 1907 2,4as 2,228 186 24 1908 2,542 2,326 190 26 1909 11 mos. Cases entered Convictions 1,591 1,344 231 16 1,620 1,362 246 12 2,021 1,751 250 20 2,271 2,101 154 Waiting trial . . 16 REPORT OF SUPERI^'TENDENT SANDERU 43 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 An analysis of the classified summary of crime, given further on, discloses the following : — Offences again the person. — Crimes under this heading are greatlv in excess of previous years. This is most marked in serious crimes such as indecent assaults, carnal knowledge of girls, and rape; of this latter offence two of the most revolting cases in the history of this country occurred. I refer to the crimes of Joseph Chatain f.nd Alva Neil; the former has been tried and sentenced and the latter is awaiting trial. The case of homicide entered was dismissed at the preliminary hearing, there being absolutely no evidence. Offences against Property. — There is not much change in the number of crimes of this class from former years, except many more cases of horse-stealing and convic- tions for the same. Offences against Public Order. — ^Less than last year. Offences against Religion and Morals. — There is a slight falling off in these offences, principally in those which come under the vagrancy section of the Criminal Code. Indecency has increased, and we have a charge of incest in which the accused has been found guilty and sentence reserved. Offences against Railway Act. — These are about half those of last year. Offences against Indian Act. — Much fewer infractions of this act occurred than last year, the offence of ' drunk on an Indian reserve ' being mainly responsible for the decrease. Offences against Provincial Statutes and Norihwest Ordinances. — The cases under this heading are about the same as in 1908. It is satisfactory to report that there have been half the number of prairie fire convictions. Infractions of the Liquor License Act and Steam Boilers Act are much more numerous. The following comments on some of the more serious crimes dealt with may be of interest : — Murder of Charles J. Morris. — The victim was a farmer living about 15 miles west of Milestone, and on the morning of April 6 his neighbours discovered his house, a mere shack, burnt to the ground, and the remains of a human body in the smoulder- ing ruins. No suspicion of foul play was at first aroused, and Constable Morse, who had gone from Milestone, with some difiiculty persuaded the coroner to hold an in- quest. Careful investigation by the constable resulted in proving the body to be that of Charles Morris, that death had resulted from a bullet in the head, and the house burnt afterwards to hide the crime. The coroner's jury returned a verdict of murder by some person or persons unknown. Ernest Morris, brother of the deceased, gave evidence at the inquest, and from the nature of his evidence and other suspicious cir- cumstances, he was arrested for the crime. Corporal Howard was detailed to work on the case with Constable iforse, and after the accused was committed for trial a detec- . tive was employed to work independently. When the case came up for trial on May 31 the chain of circumstantial evidence seemed complete, but the defence were able to throw a doubt on the time the accused arrived at a farmer's house nine miles away from the scene of the tragedy on the night in question. It was a point we were unable to combat on account of the well-known difference of time kept by farmers away from the railroad. The accused, therefore, was acquitted, and when asked by the deputy attorney general to investigate further I assured him there was absolutely no suspicion against any other person but the man who had been tried. Constable Morse did some excellent work on this case. Alleged murder of Mrs. Kent. — On April 3 this lady, while in the house of friends, was suddenly taken ill, and in a short time died. She made, before her death, a peculiar statement about having taking some medicine from a friend. The matter 4 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED I'OUCE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 was investigated by tlie city police of Moosejaw and an inquest held. The coroner's jury, after a lengthy sitting, returned a verdict of murder against some party or parties unknown. After a considerable lapse of time this case was turned over to the mounted police at the request of the Attorney General's Department. Very exhaustive investigation was made and every possible clue traced, but without result. This case, to say the least, was most mysterious and intricate, and I am loth to express any definite opinion as to how this iinfortunate lady really met her death. All T can say, however, is that the best the police and experienced detectives could do was done in the matter. Murder of Andrew H. Harris. — On Tuesday, August 31, Staff-Sergeant Dubuque, in charge of the Indian Head subdistrict, was at South Qu'Appellc. He there learned that a farmer living some twelve miles north of town by the name of Andrew Harris had been found in a bluff with a bullet hole in his head. Staff-Sergeant Dubiique, with a justice of the peace, at once left to see Harris. He was conscious and made an ante-mortem statement in which he said that on Friday, August 27, he and Eoper had a row about the work, which culminated in blows being struck, and Eoper afterwards shooting him. Eoper had come to town on the Friday afternoon and presented a cheque, ostensibly signed by Harris, for $60, which was cashed. He told a number of people in Qu'Appelle that he was through with Harris, and that he (Harris) would come in for the horse which he had driven in and that he was going to meet his father or go back to the old country. Eoper, it appears, had only come out from England in March last, and was a young man 19 years of age. He had come to work for Harris imder an agreement for twelve months and was to receive $100 at the expiration of the year. Eoper went east at midnight of the 27th, having four clear days start of the police. A warrant was issued for attempted murder, and everything done to head off the fugitive. Detective Sergeant Nicholson from ' G ' Division, who happened to be here and leaving for Winnipeg on other duty, was supplied with an accurate descrip- tion, and instructed to thoroughly search that city. Staff-Sergeant Dubuque was sent east on September 2, with instructions to pick up clue of this man, if possible, and follow. A strong presumption was that Eoper was still around Winnipeg, as a man answering his description, but under another name, had been seen. With the advent of so many thousands of easterners to the western prairies for harvesting help I was afraid that he would get work on some farm, and be lost in the crowd. However, on Friday morning, September 3, I received word that a cheque for $50 had been cashed at the Union Bank, Winnipeg, and that the name A. H. Harris had been used. I at once got hold of the Winnipeg police on the telephone, gave them this information, and asked that both Staff-Sergeant Dubuque and Detective Sergeant Nicholson be notified. Within fifteen minutes of my notifying the Winnipeg police I received word that Eoper had been arrested by Detective Green, of the Winnipeg city l)olice, and Staff-Sergeant Dubuque. He denied at first his identity, but afterwards admitted to Staff-Sergeant Dubuque that he was the man wanted. Among his effects were found a Gladstone bag belonging to Harris and Harris' bank book on the TJnion Bank. He was brought back to Eegina. and brought before J. H. Heffernan, J.P., and remanded for eight days to see how the shooting would terminate. In the meantime, on September 6, Harris died, and the charge of attempted murder was amended to one of murder, and on September 10, the accused was committed for trial on this charge. This case will not be disposed of, so I understand, till the January, 1910. assizes. .7. C. Atkin^-wn. firain and- horxc-steaUng. — Amongst the cases of theft entered are an unusual number for theft of grain. This is due to the fact that farmers leave their grain in small granaries in the fields away from their houses, thereby offering a great REPORT OF SUI'ERiyTEyDEX7' .^ANDERS 45 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 temptation to dishonest persons. During the winter and early spring the complaints for this offence were so numerous that we found it almost impossible to attend to them. A man called Atkinson at Moosejaw caused the most trouble. He kept a team and wagon in the town and used systematically to go out at nights robbing granaries all over the country and disposing of the proceeds at different elevators. Sergt. Mundy at lloosejaw began to receive daily complaints from farmers in all directions, and finally, about the middle of December, 190S, he began to suspect Atkinson. Careful watch showed that he was sleeping in the day time and driving out with his team at night, and he was caught selling grain at Pasqua. On being charged and committed for trial he pretended to be crazy, and made a daring attempt to break jail. At the January court he was acquitted on the charge of wheat stealing. Sergeant Mundy then bad him arrested on a charge of oat stealing, and he was again discharged in the District Court. This was followed by his arrest on the charge of attempting to break jail for which he received two months imiirisonment. Finding it diificult to prove the charges of grain stealing against him, owing to our being unable to show that the grain he disposed of belonged to any particular farmer, although it was fully estab- lished he had none himself; Sergeant Mundy discovered he had stolen a wagon and a horse from a farmer near Eegina. These charges were laid against Atkinson on his discharge from prison, with the result that, though he got off on the wagon case, he was convicted for theft of the horse, and sentenced to five years in the Edmonton peni- tentiary, from which institution he subsequently escaped. During the progress of this case, complaints were made against Sergeant Mundy by Atkinson's lawyers for persecuting Atkinson. This I investigated and reported to you that he was undoubtedly justified in all that he had done. The final conviction also substantiated this. Sergeant Mundy was highly com- mended for the energetic manner in which he stuck to the case, as Atkinson is indis- putably a criminal of the worst class. ir. L. Duff, horse-stealing. — On March IV. three valuable horses were stolen during the night from a stable in Moosejaw. Immediate search was made, and traces got of a man with horses answering the description near Lang. Sergt. Mundy got into com- munication with sheriffs across the line, and followed himself with the result that one William L. Duff, was arrested with the horses at Minot, North Dakota, by Deputy Sheriff Steinhoffer. Duff waived extradition. We then discovered that Duff had left some horses at a livery stable in Eegina just before committing the theft in Moosejaw, and inquiries showed he had stolen them in North Dakota. Duff pretended to be a farmer and used to disappear occasionally, evidently on horse-stealing trips, on both sides of the line. After he was sentenced to five years imprisonment he made a desperate attempt to break from the lock-up at Moosejaw, striking Constable Graham over the head with an iron bar. The constable, who is a powerful man, though partially stunned, managed to overpower him and place him in his cell. For this offence he received a further term of two years imprison- ment. Duff is a desperate criminal and well out of the way. C. Marker, horse-slealing. — This man was charged last year, allowed out on bail, and failed to appear, a bench warrant being issued. Corpl. Church, of Marienthal de- tachment has since been on the lookout, and although he knew ifarker was just across the line in North Dakota he was waiting an opportunity to effect his arrest in Cana- dian territory. On September 22, he received word that Marker with a companion might cross over looking for stray horses. By using an enemy of Marker's to assist, Corpl. Church arranged to intercept him. Riding all night he met Marker's com- panion in the early morning of the 23rd, who stated Marker was sleeping in a shack two miles south of the line, and would probably cross into Canada about twenty miles further west. Going to this point, Corpl. Church and his companion, one Kelly, an American, cached themselves near a trail crossing the boundary. 46 ROYAL NORTUWESl' MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 About 10 p.m., of the 23rd, Marker and the man with him were seen riding over. Corpl. Church galloped up to him and ordered him to dismount. He wheeled, drew his revolver, and made for the south. Kelly headed him off, and Marker fired at him, missing. Kelly then charged knocking both Marker and his horse over. He quickly remounted and rode on, but Corpl. Church again headed him off, and told him he would shoot if he did not stop. Marker's reply was to point and pull the trigger of his revolver, but the cartridge failed. Corpl. Church then shot Marker's horse and later captured Marker making for the line on foot. Hiring a team, the corporal proceeded with his prisoner along the boundary to the police detachment. Unfortunately, the trail at one point crossed the line a few yards, and here Marker made a spring from the wagon and got into a house, slamming the door. To use Corpl. Church's words : — ' I forced same open, and was met by a blow in the eye from Marker, who had taken his spurs off and used same as a weapon. I grappled with him and threw him on the floor and ^ith assistance tied his feet and hands securely after a good rough and tumible scrape.' Corpl. Church did excellent work in making this arrest, but there may be some question as to where the arrest actually took place. Horse-stealing in Wood Mountain District. — As was the case last year I again have to report energetic work on the part of Inspector Richards, and the members of his detachments in the Wood Mountain subdistrict. In October last, they heard of two suspicious armed men travelling through. These were followed to Gull lake near Maple creek by Const. Oliver and it was discovered that they had stolen horses there and made off again to the boundary. ' A ' Division then joined in the chase, with the result that the two men, Nye and Miller, were eventually arrested in Miles City, Mon- tana, brought back to Canada, and given five years in the penitentiary. To the fact that these men were followed up so closely by the constables from Wood Mountain their arrest was mainly due. Last year Inspector Eichards reported all of the old gang of rustlers accounted for except Ales. Duffy and T. J. Birch. Birch was arrested and extradited this sum- mer, and is now serving a term of our years at Edmonton for horse-stealing in 1907. In the spring we heard of a large number of Canadian horses in Montana, sup- posedly stolen. Inspr. Richards went to Ambrose, N.D., and recovered 35 head belong- ing to the following Canadian owners, Mr. Ogle, Ryan and Fares, and J. Lariviere. He also ascertained that these horses had been driven across the line and their brands altered by three men living at Saco, Montana: — -W. Fuqua, F. Crutchfield and M. Erickson. The last two were arrested shortly after, but successfully fought extradi- tion. Fuqua was also arrested in California later, but escaped from the United States sheriff by jumping off the train when being brought back. Inspector Richards spent several weeks in Glasgow, Montana, on these extradition cases ; the expense was heavy, and although we were not successful in bringing the men back for trial the determin- ation of the Canadian authorities to follow these men up and bring them to book, if possible, was a most useful object lesson to the many crooks and horse-rustlers to be found south of the boundary in Montana and North Dakota. Inspector Richards, in summing up his report on these extradition oases, says : — ' However, the action of the Canadian authorities will be productive of good, and will show to the rustling element on the United States side that no reasonable expense will be spared on the part of our government to put down such lawlessness. There seems no end to the rustling element in Montana and the Dakotas. One gang is no sooner disposed of than another looms up. I am still in hope that Sheriff Small will yet pick up W. Fuqua, when the whole matter can be gone at again, and the three convicted.' The escape of W. Fuqua was most unfortunate, as it enabled his two companions to throw all the blame on him and represent themselves in the extradition court as innocent parties working under Fuqua's orders. The following is the classified summary of crime for the past eleven months : — REPORT OF SVPERIXTEXDEXT .^AXDERS SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 47 Crime. Offences ai;ainst the person — Murder Homicide Shootinj:^ with intent Threatening to kill Tlireatt'niTiort family '. Defamatory libel Intiuiid:ition Unnatural offence Attempted suicide Miscellaneous Offences against the property — Theft Theft from person Horse-stealing Cattle stealing Cattle shrioting Cattle killing Cruelty to animals Wounding cattle . . Shop and house breaking Burglary Counterfeiting Fraud Conspiring to defraud False pretenses Bringing stolen property into Canada F'orgerv Receiving stolen property Having stolen proi>erty in possession Wilful damage to property Attempted arson Mischief Trespass Killing dog Miscelhineous Offences against the public order — Carrying concealed weapons Pointing firearms Having revolver on per.son when arrested. . Offences against religion and morals — Vagrancy Drunk and disordeirly Creating disturbance Threatening language Indecency Buggery Incest Seduction Keeper of gaming house Keeper of house of ill-fame Inmates of hou.se of ill-fame Frequenters of lumse of ill-fame Frequenters of gaming liouse Gambling . Cases entered . Awaiting trial. 48 ROYAh XORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Crime. Offences against religion and morals— Coh. Discharging firearms Nuisance . . Miscellaneous Misleading Justice — Perjury Corruption and disobedience — Contempt of court .... Disobeying summons Obstructing peace officer Refusing to assist peace officer Assaulting peace officer Resisting arrest Escaping from custody Jail breaking Juvenile offenders- Theft by juvenile Offences against the Railway Act — Stealing rides Placing obstruction on C.P.R. track Operators drunk Offences against Customs Act- Smuggling. Offences against Indian Act — Supplying liquor to Indians Indians, drunk Drunk on reserve Liquor in possession Liquor in possession on reserve Trespassing on reserve Prostitution. . Offences against the Fisheries Act Offences against Animal Contagious Diseases Act. . . Miscellaneous Offences against Provincial Statutes and Ordinances- Master and servant Game ordinance Hide ordinance Sunday observance Prairie fire Liquor ordinance Insanity Horse breeders Village ordinance Estray animals Entire animals Pound ordinance Fence ordinance Livery stable ordinance Engineers' ordinance Medical professions Veterinary surgeons Public Health Ordinance Hawkers and peddlers No.xious weeds Herd ordinance Steam boilers ordinance Brand ordinance Drunk while interdicted . Selling liquor to an interdicted person Obtaining liquor while interdicted Breach of quarantine regulations Miscellaneous Iiocal inqirovement ordinance Motor ordinance Total . NORTHWKST TkKKITOFIKS: — Liquor in jxissession without [lermit. Cases Entered. Convictions. 38 1 2 18 13 7 4 2 3 1 10 3 3 204 23 1 9 58 30 51 3 21 20 3 23 2 3 2 3 2 1 9 1 0 29 2 40 19 4 r, 14 1 3 2,271 38 1 2 18 13 7 4 2 3 1 10 3 3 198 23 1 9 57 29 51 3 21 20 3 23. 2 3 2 3 2 1 9 1 6 29 2 40 19 4 6 14 1 2 Withdrawn, Dismissed, &c. Awaiting Trail. 2,101 154 16 REPORT OF SUPERIXTENDEyr SANDERS 49 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 SUMMARY OF CASES BEFORE SUPREUTE AND DISTRICT COURTS. Committed for trial 90 Number of convictions "^9 Fines ^ Sent to jail 23 Sent to penitentiary 18 Suspended sentence 4 Acquitted or charges withdrawn 38 Awaiting trial ., 13 Referring to the above, it should be noted that many cases are now dealt with by police magistrates which has reduced the number of Supreme Court cases. PRAIRIE FIRES. The few prairie tires last fall did not do a great deal of damage, but this spring saw some very disastrous fires in the western part of my district, the greater portion of the country lying between Wood ^Mountain and the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway being burnt over. One fire, starting near Wood Mountain on May 3, burning well up towards Moosejaw, caused the death of two human beings, in addi- tion to a large number of cattle and horses. Other fires starting about the same time came in from between Swift Current and Mortlach. As a result of these fires a large number of the newer settlers were almost destitute, and the Immigration Department was obliged to send out assistance. Aid was also given by Moosejaw and other towns. A lot of hard work was done by our detachments at Wood Mountain and on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway; they organized parties to fight fire, gave aid where they could and succeeded in obtaining a large number of convictions against parties accused of starting fires. As is usual, many of the fires originated from the railways, but the law in con- nection with railways and prairie fires is in such an unsatisfactory state that we have not been able to bring any prosecutions against railway companies. The provincial government, I am glad to see, are sending out notices this fall warning people of the danger from prairie fires. ASSISTANCE TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS. Customs Department. — At Wood Mountain Inspector Richards is acting collector of customs and at Marienthal Corporal Church performs the same duties. A large number of ' Let Passes ' have to be issued, and this, with the other duties connected with a customs outport, take up a great deal of time. Corporal Church at Marienthal reports that his detachment is more of a customs office than a police detachment, and 1 would strongly recommend that arrangements be made for the customs to take over this ofiice with one of their own men as soon as possible. Duty collected at Wood Mountain during eleven months is $1,410.69 and at Marienthal about $7,000. In addition to the above our detachments have made several seizures of motors, horses, &c., for the Customs Department, and Captain Young, inspector of customs, who has spent a good deal of time along the boundary this summer has received a large amount of assistance from our various detachments in the south. Indian Department. — Assistance to this department is mainly given in the form of preventing the Indians from obtaining liquor and attending treaty payments. Last year I reported a marked decrease in infractions of the liquor clauses of the Indian Act, and this year I am pleased to report a further falling off. Inspector Taylor and Constable Crampton left on June 13 to accompany the Indian agent of the Norway House agency on his trip paying the various bands of Indians located about Lake 28—4 50 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Winnipeg. The journey was made on a steamer chartered by the Indian Department nnd occupied over a month. Some 2,000 Indians were paid and their complaints at- tended to. Inspector Pelletier, who took a party of men for ' M ' Division through to York Factory in July had instructions on his return to visit the Indians at God's lake and Island lake. The following is an extract from his report on this portion of his trip : — ' I remained one day and a half at God's river, saw the most important Indians there and held a conference with them. They had no complaints to bring up. Like most of the Indians in that district they have a code or custom of their own; which is mostly in accord with ours. There only remains to explain a few general points which apply specially to their case, and those are always explained to them; such as theft, infanti- cide, murder, providing for their wives and children, lying, obtaining goods under false pretenses, holding up to their contracts, &c., &c. They always listen attentively express their pleasure at being enlightened on the laws of white men, and promise to live better in the future. This, with a few formalities of handshaking, ends the con- ference. On the morning of the 26th we left for Island lake. This is a fairly difficult stretch to get over without a guide on account of large lakes and different channels and numerous islands. Spl. Towers informed me he had been over the road once about ten years ago. I considered this quite sufficient, and we left without outside assist- ance. We reached Island lake at about noon of August 29th, a cold, wet, drizzling day. This is a distance well travelled by natives, all supplies for Island lake going up thatroute. Some York boats laden with supplies were passed on the way. ' On the 30th, I saw the chief and councillors. One of the councillors was chief of the Crane band at Sandy lake at the time those Indian murderers were apprehended some two years ago. His band now is assimilated with the God's lake and are under treaty. 'The Sucker band ' Fiddler ' refused to be brought under treaty and become part of God's Lake tribe. They wish their reserves in their own district and to be paid through Little Grand Eapids up Betens river. Their contentions were taken up by the Indian inspector who, I am informed, is going to lay the matter before the Indian commissioner. These Suckers ' Fiddler Band ' were away at Sandy lake and consequently I did not see them. I made inquiries and found that they have done very well last winter and that the conference held at Sandy lake in March, 1908, had a most salutary effect. No rumour of crimes of any import has circulated since. The natives at Island lake are suffering from an epidemic of what is believed to be La Grippe. Some ten deaths occurred from that cause, and a good number are still laid up sick. The Island lake Indians had nothing to bring forth. No complaints were laid before me.' Interior Department. — We were not called upon last winter, as has been customary to send men to Manitoba on Crown timber duty. Our detachment at Areola assisted the forest ranger in the Moose Mountain timber reserve, and issued permits for cut- ting timber. Owing to our reports some action was taken by the department to stop the indiscriminate cutting of timber at Wood Mountain. The police were instructed to assist one of the homestead inspectors in seeing that the law as regards Crown tim- ber was rigidly enforced. It is hoped that what little timber is left in this district will be preserved. Provincial Department of Agriculture. — During the summer, at the request of this department, we have hunted up some 150 owners of stallions who had not enrolled. This entailed a lot of work. Outbreaks of smallpox near Canora and Estevan necessitated frequent patrols to prevent the breaking of quarantine. All cases of destitution are referred to us by REPORT OF SUPEKiyTEXDENT SAXDERS 51 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 the health oiEcer, and our men investigated each case and saw that supplies were fur- nished when authorized by the department. GUARD-ROOMS AND COIIMON JAILS. The three jails in our charge are the guard-rooms at Eegina, Moosomin and York- ton. The guard-room here at times was much overcrowded, particularly in the hot weather, when we became alarmed for the health of the prisoners. Fortunatly, we had no cases of serious illness. The opening of the new jail at Moosomin, thoiigh expected at /:A'.S 57 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 to a term nf six months hard laboiir, and was released on August 31, W09. having: served a period of four niontlis and sixteen days. Another case I might mention was that of Fred. Young-, who was sentenced on September 18, 1909, to a term of one month's hard labour for indecent exposure; he was released on September 27, 1909. because the municipality of Esteven refused to pay for his maintenance, he being: sentenced under the Municipal By-laws of Esteven. There was one escape during the year, that of Joseph Dunn, who escaped from his escort on the evening of July 14, 1909. while working in the division mess. He was captured a short time afterwards and taken to the guard-room. For attempting to escape he was sentenced to one month's imprisonment in Regina jail. Dunn was serving a sentence of two months imprisonment in the guard-room, when he attempted to escape. The health of the prisoners for this year has been good. Considering the age and dilapidated state of the guard-room, the difficulty of heating, overcrowding and the bad system of ventilation especially at night, the small amount of sickness is remark- able. The inner guard-room has been kalsomined several times but does not make much improvement as it wears off. Water has been laid on the guard-room during the year, the main being com- pleted to the hospital allowing the water to be turned on. During the summer the guard-room was infested with bugs, causing great dis- comtfort to the prisoners at night, several remedies for killing them off were tried, but the result was a failure. I would call your attention lo the fact that no accom- modation is provided for female prisoners en route to Prince Albert jail and other places or for lunatics, or prisoners awaiting trial. Lunatics (male) are jailed in the guard-room where their noise at night prevents the other prisoners from sleeping, thereby causing numerous complaints. Accommodation is provided for only 21 prisoners. The largest number of prisoners confined for on,e night was 40 — two short of double the accommodation. There is no accommodation for the provost, no wash- ing room or bath for the prisoners, small tubs being used for bathing the prisoners, and no accommodation for drying the clothes in winter, they having to be dried in the place allotted for the purpose of taking their meals. The prison yard is too small and of no use for exercising prisoners. The arrange- ment for the supply of hot water by a farmer's boiler in the prison yard for scrubbing and washing purposes, both in the prison and places outside the barrack building is totally inadequate, as it is impossible to keep a sufficient supply of hot water for the work required, especially through the winter months. The conduct of the prisoners has been good, 21 cases of breaches of discipline were disposed of by the officer commanding. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, H. BANHAM, Sergt., Provost. KoYAL Northwest Mounted Police, MoosDMiN Guard-room, September 30, 1909. The Officer Commanding, E.N.W.M. Police, Regina District. Sir, — I have the honour to submit for your approval the annual report of the Moosomin guard-room, a common jail, for the eleven months commencing November 1, 1908, and ending September 30, 1909. 58 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Prisoners in cells at midnight October 31, 1908 8 Eecieved during the eleven months ending September 30, 1909. . 77 Discharged during the eleven months ending September 30, 1909 79 Eemaining in cells at midnight September 30, 1909. 4 The number of prisoners received last year was 110, or 35 more than the number received this year. Males. Whites 81 Halfbreeds 2 Total 83 Females. — Nil. The monthly admittances were as follows:— November, 1908 10 December 8 January, 1909 5 February 3 March 6 April 2 May 6 June 12 July; 11 August 7 September 7 The 79 prisoners discharged from the guard-room were disposed of as follows : — Time expired 32 Fines paid. 21 Discharged 4 Regina gaol 9 Admitted to bail 2 Released by order of Attorney General 1 Handed over to the Ontario authorities 1 Handed over to the Manitoba authorities 1 To Areola for trial 1 To Brandon asylum 5 Lunatics released as same 2 Total 79 Females.- — Nil. The monthly average of prisoners has been 12-09 The monthly maximum of prisoners received 12 The monthly minimum of prisoners received 2 The maximum number of prisoners in any day was 11 The minimum number of prisoners in any day was 2 Of the seven male lunatics, five were committed to Brandon asylum, and two discharged as sane. Nine prisoners sentenced to Regina jail, average term being six months. Two prisoners were admitted to hospital during the year. J. Larson, who was awaiting trial for attempted suicide, and afterwards released b^ order of the Attorney General, from June 3 to August 18 in hospital. H. Benning, sentenced to two months hard labour for cruelty to animals, in hospital five days. REI'OltT OF SUI'ERINTENDENT SAyDERS 59 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 The following schedule shows the number of prisoners who have served sentences during the eleven months, or are now doing so, in this guard-room, and the crimes with which they are charged : — Crime. Assault , Attempted arson Attempted suicide Breaking jail Buggery Carnal knowledge Cattle shooting Cruelty to animals Drunk while interdicted Drunk and disorderly False pretenses Frequenting houses of ill-fame Forgery Horse-stealing Housebreaking Illicit connection Insanity Indecent assault Maiming cattle On suspicion Obstructing peace officer Stealing rides Theft. Vagrancy . Total. B 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 IG 1 1 1 3 1 1 7 2 1 ] 1 17 13 6 83 Average length of sentence . Months. Days. 30 1 17 10 3 2 "7 2 3 15 20 2 12 22 10 I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, C. J. nOGG, Corvl. Provost, For Inspector Commanding Moosomin Dept. DRILL AND TRAINING. During the spring and summer a large number of recruits were received, and their training taxed the limited instructional staff to the limit. Inspector Church, who has charge of all drill and training, except lectures, was for a time assisted by two foot drill instructors, but this was only for a short period. For the greater part of the year the work has been done by himself and Sergeant O'Connell, foot drill in- structor. When one considers five different squads were under instruction each day for some months and in addition 48 young horses were received, the task was not a light one. Lectures were given regularly by Inspector Heffernan. During the winter the usual class for constables recommended for promotion was formed; twelve came from outside divisions and five from Depot. The three months' course comprised drill (mounted and foot), criminal law. Dominion and provincial statutes, constables' duties, shoeing and interior economy. Examinations, oral and written, were held at the conclusion, and all passed satisfactorily; Eegtl. No. 4131, Corporal W. M. Sned- don, gaining the highest marks. ROYAL NORTHWKST MOUXTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 MUSKETRY AND ARMS. We had very bad luck this year, both with our rifle and revolver practice, due to various causes. In the spring a farmer started to break the land immediately in rear of the butts; this stopped all shooting until arrangements could be made with him to keep clear on Wednesday of each week. It was impossible, therefore, to complete ' the annual course, and the Rifle Club were prevented from carrying out their usual bi-weekly matches. As regards our revolver practice, the Colts ammunition w-e had on hand was found defective, owing to the lubricating oil on the bullets having affected the powder. The manufacturers agreed to change it, and until the new ammunition arrived in Septem- ber we were unable to carry out the annual course, which is now in progress. The fact that the land is being occupied in line with our rifle range is going to seriously affect rifle association, whom we have permitted to use our range. The coun- try being so flat makes it difficult to obtain a suitable range anywhere within a rea- sonable distance. CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE. I regret to say that the conduct of a large number of the recruits in the post this year has been very unsatisfactory. On the other hand, the N.C.O.'s and constables on the staff and on detachments have behaved remarkably well, iserforming their arduous duties conscientiously with only two exceptions. The majority of the recruits came from seaport towns, and. although fine men physically, were, by their previous habits and associations, unfitted for the force. Dis- cipline was irksome to them, and they could not keep away from liquor. The result was that a large percentage deserted or were dismissed from the service. The deserters were twenty, as compared with six last year, and eleven men have been dismissed. Eight men at present are undergoing imprisonment ; all but one of whom are to be dismissed at the expiration of their sentence. Health. The health of the division has been very good, and the sanitary conditions about the barracks excellent. The outbreak of the enteric fever last year was probably due to flies, and to keep them out, the renovated messroom has been well screened. I regret to report two deaths. Reg. No. 2299, Staff-Sergeant Bates, on the 19th November, 1908, and Regtl. No. 4744, Constable C. F. Farnham on the 12th April, 1909. The latter was stationed at Lanigan, was a most promising man, and in spite of the doctor's warning, kept at his duty longer than he should, with the result that the disease which attacked him (pneumtonia) got such a hold that he died in the Saskatoon hospital the day after he reached that institution. HORSES. We have 161 horses, including 2 pack ponies on the strength. Last year it was 128. Four or five horses on detachment should be replaced, and this can be easily done when the remounts are fit for general duty. One died whilst on patrol near Qu'Appelle in the extremely hot weather, and two were killed by unavoidable acci- dents. Forty-eight remounts were received, and all have turned out well, particu- larly those purchased in British Columbia. The losses and gains during the year are shown by the following statement: — Losses — Transferred to 'F ' Division 6 Died 1 Killed 2 Cast and sold 10 Total 19 REPORT OF SUPERiyTEyDEyr SANDERS 61 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Gaius — Tran&^'erred from ' A ' Division 2 Transferred from ' D ' Division 2 Remounts 48 Total 52 Net gains 33 Strength on October 31. 1908 128 Strength on September 30, 1909 161 DISTRIBUTION AND STRENGTH. The total of officers, N. C. Os., constables and special constables, shown on the .attached distribution statement, is 202, three less than last year. This total will be reduced considerably ia a day or two by a draft now in readiness to pro- ceed to the Yukon. As I pointed out in a former report, the above figures do not by any means represent the actual strength of the division available for the work it has to perform. This can only be arrived at by striking off the staff, and others, who are shown on the Division books, and whose work lies entirely outside that of Depot Division and the Regina districts. Canteen. The canteen is in a flourishing condition; the business is carefully attended to, and stock taken regularly every month. Substantial grants have been made to the division for cricket, football, Xmas dinners, and the annual ball. A monthly grant of 50 cents per capita towards the messing has also been made to the constables mess. The total grants amount to $1,022.43. RE.'iDING ROOM AND LIBRARY. The reading room and library are well equipped. New books are purchased from time to time, also several good sets of standard works and an encyclopedia have been added. The Wood Mountain subdistrict are the only members outside the post who subscribe for and receive books. B^UJRACKS AND BUILDINGS. During the past eleven months we have moved the old officers quarters from between the new buildings. The ground around the new buildings has been levelled up, and the roads inside the barracks inclosure covered with sand, two train loads of which were purchased from the Canadian Pacific Railway and unloaded at the side of the track opposite the barracks. Contracts were let for converting No. 5 barrack room into a bathroom, lavatory and latrine, the carpenter work and passages from the other parts of the building being done by our own men. The work should be finished in a few weeks, and will be a great comfort to the division. Hitherto our arrangements for washing and bath- ing have been of a very rough and ready description, and tlw cause of complaint for years past. I have forwarded estimates for connecting the hospital with the sewerage system, painting the barrack buildings, hospital, stables, &c., and for the construction of the following new buildings: quarters for the commissioner, guard-room, married n.c.o.'s quarters, stables and ice house, all of which should, if possible be built next year. 62 ROTAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Distribution State of Depot Division, September 30, 1009. Name of Place. § 1 s a o o 1 E3 5 6 1 1 eg 1 EC 7 s 5 CO 1 O e- 0 Q 5 1 a 1 X i 3 to 1 ea 03 1 Retina 79 2 15 122 4 1 1 3 82 .5 Broadview 1 Esterhazy 1 9 Fillmore 1 1 Yorkton Sheho 1 6 1 1 Kamsack 1 2 ....| 1 ....1 1 ....1 1 .... 1 Fort Pelly . ... 1 Canora 1 Melville .... 1 1 Indian Head 1 3 Fort Q'Appelle r 2 T ]- 8 3 3- 3 3 2 6 2 1 2 Punnichy \ 1 1 1 Craik 1 1 Estevan 2 1 North Portal I 1 1 0 Oxbow 1 Yellowgras? 1 Moosejaw 2 Mortlach 1 Milestone 1 1 Windthorst 1 " 5 2 2 1 Outlook -. 1 1 "i" .... 1 1 1 15 Big Muddy Norway House r> Split Lake 1 1 2 2 On command. . . . . 1 1 1 10 1 1 n 13 Total 15 128 20 "imfi, 161 GENER.\L REMARKS. Owing to the fact that the majority of our detachments consist of only one man, the work they accomplish under most trying conditions has often made me wonder how they succeeded so well in keeping it up, and at the same time render the numerous reports and returns required from them. The following extract from a report of con- stable (now corporal) Carter, when stationed at Milestone, gives a fair idea of the difficulties the detachments have to meet : ' I was working on different cases of crime every day throughout the month, ex- cept the 3rd and 4th, and most of the time I was away from the detachment.' As the month progressed complaints of crime became miore numerous, and on the REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT SANDERS 63 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 last day of the moiitli I was busy investigating two complaints of grain steal- ing-, both of tbem out in the country. These complaints took my attention up to the 3rd day of the present month, when I had to leave them to look after three other cases of theft which had been made to me in the meantime, one of these complaints took me 30 miles southwest of Rouleau, another 15 miles southeast of the same place. When I got to Rouleau, I found several other cases awaiting me which were also far out in the country, that is, I had to go far out to summon the parties. One ease took- me to Moosejaw and later to Regina. I regret the delay but what remedy could I apply under the circumstances and what am I to do in ease 1 am required away from the detachment when I should be making out monthly returns? On account of the large amount of territory which this detachment covers and the many complaints that have been coming in of late, I find it impassible for me to deal with them all with satisfaction to myself, or others directly concerned. . . I am doing the best that I know how under the present conditions, and the delay in my returns was not caused by any inactivity on my part, but by the view I took of giving my attention to crime in preference to the clerical work of my detachment. I am writing this report after handing over the command to my successor, and am about to leave for Athabaska Landing to assume command of ' N ' Division, where you have kindly transferred me at my own request. Before ciosing therefore, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation of the loyal support 1 have received from the officers, non-commissioned officers and constables on the permanent strength of the division during my three years tenure of the command. Though, on account of the work affecting my health, my departure is of my own choosing, it is with many re- grets I relinquish the command, and leave behind me many true, zealous and hard- working men, who are quietly doing their duty, and performing work of which the general public knows little, and in the performance of which I trust I have not failed in giving them all the encouragement in my power. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, G. E. SANDERS, SupL, Commanding Depot Division end Regina District. 64 ROYAL NORTHWEST ilOlXTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 APPENDIX D. ANNUAL REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT P. C. H. PRIMROSE, COM- MANDING ' D ' DIVISION ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE, MACLEOD. MACLEOD, Alta., November 1, 1909. Sir, — I have the honour to forward herewith the Annual Report of 'D' Division for the eleven months ending September 30, 1909. GENERAL STATE OF THE DISTRICT. The past year has been one of steady growth and progress for this district; the influx of new settlers has continued, specially in the Northern ^nd Westera parts; railway construction is progressing in several localities and preparations for early construction in others are being made. New towns have come into existence along these proposed lines as well as on some of the older ones. In the Claresholm subdistrict, which is the portion of the district between Townships 10 and 17 and is served by the Calgary and Edmonton branch of the C. P. Railway. Woodhouse and Parkland are two new places on the main line; and Barons, Blayney, and Carmangay are new towns on the branch of the C. P. Railway from Leth- bridge to Alderside. These last three places especially are booming, lots being bought and sold at high prices, and elevators, stores and hotels being built. The older towns on the C. and E. line have all made considerable progress. Beginning with the most northerly one; Cayley, this town has during the past year shipped 500,000 bushels of grain from tracks and three elevators, it is the chief cattle shipping point on this line of railway and the records for the last eight months show 3,684 head of cattle shipped. Nanton is the next town south, it is incorporated and shows great improvement in municipal and other works, the population has, during the year, increased 20 per cent, and 30 per cent increase in business is reported. This place has now five eleva- tors and there is an increase of 20 per cent land breaking. Although the immediate vicinity was visited by a bad hail storm in August which caused considerable loss, the marketable grain crop is estimated at YO.OOO bushels, the highest yield of winter wheat was 57 bushels to the acre, and oats have gone as high as 122 biishels. Parkland is a new village which comes next, 18 miles south; it is a new village with two elevators built during the past year. Stavoly nine inilos south shipped 567,000 bushels of grain last season, and it is expected that 600,000 will be this season's output, although a certain amount of damage was done by frost. The increase in breaking in the district tributary to this place is reported at about 35 per cent. Claresholm, the next town, shows more signs of permanent municipal progress than any of the other towns, $136,000 has been expended in water and light plant, which will soon be in operation; one new elevator was built during the summer, and a if26,O0O addition to the public school is now in course of construction. Here as all along the line, the railway company have had to increase their yard facilities, this yard having now a limit of one mile. The grain shipments from this point of last year's crop amounted to 917,259 bushels, notwithstanding that some grain was hauled from within two miles from the town, the whole way to Lethbridge on account of shortage of cars during part of the shipping season. Woodhouse is a new siding KEl'UUr OF .SLI'Eh'IXTi:xr)E\T I'HUIIWSE 65 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 r.bout 5 miles south of Claresholm, where four elevators have been built during the past summer, they are now in operation, and will relieve the pressure during the shipping time from Claresholm and Granum. Granum is the last village before coming to Maeleod, it has made great progress, its population increasing 20 per cent during the year, and 700,000 bushels of grain being the amount sent out. Inspector Camies commanding the subdistrict reports that the crops this season were not such a great success as those of last year owing to the late frost and cold in the southern portion and hail and frost in the northern part, but that some compensation for this has been in the larger area cropped and the high prices received by those who held their grain. This season is three weeks or a month later than last. The grading of the grain will be lower. It is estimated that 50 per cent will grade No. 1, 2, or 3. The outlook for next year's crop is at present very promising, the increase iu acreage of land cropped will be about 20 per cent. Labour was scarce during harvest time as much as $3 per day being paid. The fact is that a large number of farmers undertake to farm much more land than they can do, without keeping a number of men all the year round, but they will not do this, many of them will scratch on the top and take chances of its amounting to anything or getting the necessary help to harvest it if it does. As soon as the harvest is over, the help is discharged, and after hauling his grain, the farmer commences to scratch in another crop. The result of this is one good crop after the first breaking, and the others not so good. The differ- ence between this class of farmer and others who work their farms on better methods, is at once noticeable by the appearance of their buildings and the general condition around their places. The Pincher Creek subdistrict, which is bounded on the east by range 28 and on the west by British Columbia, and includes between these two lines the townships from five to ten inclusively is engaged in grain and stock raising; from Lundbreck east, and from Lundbreck west to the line of British Columbia is almost entirely a mining district. It is traversed from east to west by the Crowsnest branch of the C. P. Railway. Pincher Creek, the headquarters of this subdistrict, has now 1,600 of a population. A number of buildings were put up during the year, two of which are the handsome new buildings of the Bank of Commerce and Union Bank. A creamery and cement block factory are among the new industries; the flour mill established last year has done a good business, and it is reported will pay a dividend of 10 per cent to share- holders. The town has expended $20,000 on cribbing and straightening the creek, this will improve the appearance of the town and be a safe guard against floods, which always have caused some damage in previous years. Boring for oil has been going on for some time near the tow'n, 1,500 feet have been reached, but so far without results. An electrict plant is now in operation and is said to give much satisfaction. Although this town is at the disadvantage of being three miles from the railway station, it is considered a most attractive place, and a favourite spot especially amongst old timers. The land in the vicinity has steadily increased in price and numerou? sales have been made, unimproved land bringing from $20 to $25 an acre, while improved land will go >ip to $40 an acre. The crops are heavy and good this year, some of the grain has been slightly touched with frost, but the damage is not serious. There is abundance of hay, both prairie and timothy, large quantities having already been shipped west, where good prices are obtained in the mining and lumber camps. The baled hay industry is increasing, fanners find that there is no risk with this crop from frost, and that there is always a big demand and good prices for it. Cattle raising is decreasing and buyers are finding it hard to get enough beef to meet the demand. The ranges for cattle are gradually getting smaller, fences are going up everywhere, and the land is being broken up, there is no doubt that the rancher's da.v is a thing of the past in this part of the country. 28—5 66 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Pincher City is about two miles from Pincher Creek and has its railway station sidetracks, &c., with a population of about 100 people. Cowley the next station west of Pincher Creek is the centre of a thickly settled farming country, where excellent crops are being produced every year. The town itself remained at a standstill during the year, owing to rumours that the railway would miove the line a few miles south, but as the C. P. E. is said to have given assurance that no change should be made, no doubt that the place will go ahead. Lundbreck, the first of the mining towns up west, has gone back instead of in- creasing, and the mines, which last year employed about 40 miners, employ now only about 15; to the south, however, near Mountain ilill, the Beaver Creek Mine is doing development work, they employ 25 men and are taking out some excellent coal, if prospects warrant it a spur line is to be built by the C. P. Railway at a future date. The C. P. E. have put in extensive yards at Burmis, the next place in the Pass. They will concentrate all coal there and make up their trains at that point. The Burmis Mine has been opened up lately ; a tipple and spur line are being constructed. The Leach colleries to the west of Burmis, are doing extensive development work; at Passberg they employ 65 men, and have built a number of new houses for the miners' use; they have two mines in operation at this point and another at Police Flat; their average pay roll is $5,000 per m«K W'lLCOX AND GILBERT FRAMPTON. — THEFT OF DAVE NELSOn's WHEAT. On June 11, 1909, Dave Nelson who lives eight miles south of Claresholm com- plained to the Eoyal Northwest ifounted Police at Claresholm that his granary had been broken into and a considerable quantity of wheat amounting to some 80 bushels had been stolen therefrom. The case was immediately taken up and by means of tracing the wheel wagon tracks and particularly noticing the fact that whoever stole the wheat was driving one team of horses at least, which were heavy draft, and were shod with heel caulks onlj', on their shoes and no toe caulks (a rather unusual thing for the time of the year). TJjwn making exhaustive inquiries the theft was at last traced to the above- named three men. Information was laid and Weech, Wilcox and Frampton were arrested. A search warrant was issued and executed on both Wilcox's and Wcech's farm (Frampton evidently being only a hired man), where the wheat was discovered and identified by Dave Nelson as his ; forty-four bushels were in the possession of Weech, and thirty bushels were at Wilcox's place. This was seized and taken to the Police Detachment at Claresholm. 74 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 The three accused appeared before C. S. Ilotchkiss, J. 1'., on June 17, 1909, at Claresholm, and the case was remanded. Wilcox and Frampton were allowed out on bail, but Wcech was refused bail on account of other serious charges pending against him. On June 21, 1909, the three accused men appeared before C. S. Hotchkiss and W. Moffat, J.P.'s at Claresholm. On the evidence being taken, Frampton was dismissed on grounds of insuificient evidence, and Webb and Wilcox were committed for trial. On the 22nd June, 1909, before His Hon. Judge A. A. Carpenter, at the District Court at Maeleod, William Weech and Frank Wilcox came up for trial, both accused pleading guilty to the charge. Wcech was sentenced to 18 months' hard labour in the Maeleod guard-room, Wilcox was sentenced to three months, with hard labour in the Maeleod guard-room. JOH>f AXD C. HERMANN KROESSING — WILFULLY INJURING CATTLE. On June 7, 1908, Henry Eiviere complained to the E.N.W.M.P. at Pincher Creek, that he suspected the above named had castrated about eight head of his stud colts. This case was immediately taken up and thoroughly investigated and the police were successful in getting a signed statement of confession from John Kroessing that he and his brother Hermann did castrate the horses; and by dint of persuasion and the fact that we had already got John's confession, obtained a similar statement from Hermann. This was fortunate because, there being no witnesses to the deeds, it would have been practically impossible to have worked up a successful case against these young men. Mr. Eiviere laid information, and John and C. Hermann Kroessing appeared before T. S. Belcher, J.P., on the 20th June, 1908, and wore remanded until June 22, when the accused again appeared before T. S. Belcher, at Pincher Creek, and were committed for trial at the next court of Competent Jurisdiction. They were liberated on personal security of $1,000 and two sureties of $500. John Smith and the Kroessing's father went as bondsmen. On April IG, 1909, John and Hermann Kroessing appeared in the Supreme Court before the Hon. M. Justice Stuart on the above charge. The defence put up a plea that the accused were quite within their rights castrating the horses as they were worrying their mares, and had put two of them in foal. However on the full evidence being heard pro and con, the Judge reserved his decision and later fined botli of the prisoners $50 with -one week's imprisonment each in Maeleod guard-room. PRAIRIE FIRES. I am pleased to say that in this district we have been most fortunate in this respect, as the number of cases have decreased from 69 in 1908 to 27 in 1909, and it may be that the large number of convictions made in 1908, has very materially helped to stop these dreadful scourges. ASSISTANCE TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS. We have supplied orderlies for sittings of the Superior Courts and also for the sittings of the police courts in different parts of the district. Prisoners were escorted to and from the courts, they were brought to the guard-room at Maeleod, from different parts of the district, when committed for trial or sentenced to imprisonment, those sentenced to penitentiary were escorted to Edmonton. We took charge of all prisoners committed for trial or sentenced to imprisonment and furnished escorts for those with hard labour; we have kept track of ticket of leave men, who report monthly, and reported same to the Dominion Police at Ottawa. REPORT OF SVPERINTEXDENT PRIMROSE 75 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 I attach a detailed report from the Provost, showing the number and class of yirisoner!< contined in the griiard-room during the past eleven months. To the Officer Commanding, K. N. W. M. Police, Macleod, Alta. Sir. — I have the honour to submit the annual report of ' D ' Division guard- roo.n for the eleven months ending September 30, 1909. Twenty-one prisoners were confined in the cells at the beginning of this year; f ourtwn sentenced to terms of imprisonment, and seven awaiting trial ; two hundred and thirty-one prisoners were admitted, making a total of two hundred and fifty-two prisoners eonfinod durinj;- the eleven months. Malex. Whites 180 Indians 3-t Half-breeds 1-2 Negroes 1 Chinese 2 Females. Whites 1 TTalf-hroeds 1 Total 231 Twenty-six prisoners were awaiting trial fur an average period of nine days; eleven were admitted to bail. Daily average number of prisoners 23 -20 Monthly average number of prisoners 21 '27 ^Maxinuim number of prisoners in any day 30 Minimum number of prisoners in any day 15 Maximum number of prisoners received in any month was in September 32 Minimum number of prisoners received in any month was in January 12 Males. Time expired 73 Fines paid, cases dismissed on bail, i:c 50 Released on ticket of leave 3 Sent to Alberta Penitentiary 6 Sent to the Brandon Asylum 2 Handed over to the immigration agent for deportation -I Released by order of the Sccn'tary of State and sent to Edmon- ton farm 1 Sent to other places for trial 1 Awaiting orders of Attorney General 1 Executed 1 Handed over to the town authorities for trial 70 In cells at midnight, Sept. .30, 1909 32 76 ROYAL yoitnnvE.'iT MOiyrKD police 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Females. Sent to Calgary guard-room 1 Handed over to the town authorities for trial 1 Total 252 Average sentence of prisoners sent to Alberta Penitentiary, six years and two months. The following- table gives details of prisoners who have served during the year and who are at present serving sentences. The number of prisoners who have served or are now serving tei-ms of imprisonment and sentenced this year was 88, classified as follows: — ■ Crime, Assault Drunk and disorderly Obtaining by false pretenses Horsestealing Stealing ride on C.l'.R Procuring Theft.... Vagrancy Unlawful shooting. Indecent as.sault . Extortion Burglary Shop breaking. House breaking Intimidation Evading Customs Unlawfidly wounding Trespass Forgery Carrying a pistol Liquor to interdicted Supplying liquor to Indi.ans Having liquor in iwssession I have the honour to be, sir, Yotir obedient servant. W. HASLETT, Sergt., Provost. CUSTOllS DEPARTJfENT. The non-commissioned officer at Twin Lakes on the boundary line still acts as sub-collector of customs at that point, and reijorts to the coll(X'.tor at Lethbridge. Our patrols keep a lookout for smuggling along the boundary line and throughout the district. Several prosecutions were entered and convictions obtained under this head. REPORT OF sri'j:i![\Ti-:\riE\r rifniuo^^E 77 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 , METEOROLOOICAL. Reports of the weather aud temperature have been forwarded weekly to the Meteor- ological Department at Edmonton and during the summer months the temperature was telegraphed to Winnipeg at 8 o'clock every morning. IXDUX DEr.^IiTMKNT. We have a detachment at Standoff near the Blood Reserve and one on the Peigau Reserve, and men from these detachments attend the weekly issue of rations. We have done our utmost to prevent Indians from obtaining liquor in the towns and on every occasion, when some special celebration or a circus attracted a number of Indians to the town special men were told off with all our scouts, to be on constant lookout. The criminal returns show that 15 convictions were made against parties supplying liquor to Indians, 5 against Indians having liquor in possession and 22 against Indians being drunk outside the reserves. In all cases where offenders were convicted of supplying liquor to Indians, severe sentences were imposed. In most cases the Indians will go to a half breed or whiteman to whom they will give money this man will go and buy the liquor and give it to the Indian. Convictions have been obtained when the Indians were caught soon after procuring the liquor but when any time elapses the Indian will not give the party away. We employ two Indians as interpreters and four scouts, these mens' duties consist principally in looking after the Indians and are paid by the Police Department. BTATE OF INDIANS. The population of the two Indian reserves in the Ifacleod District has remained about the same as last year, the Bloods being about 1,200 and the Peigans about 464. Their behaviour on the whole has been very good; drunkenness and horse-stealing being almost the only offences of which they have been guilty. One Indian was sentenced for house breaking but this must be put down to liquor, as the Indian was drunk at the time. The increase in the white population and in the number of small towns where liquor is sold make it easier for the Indians to procure liquor and harder for the police to keep supervision. On the Blood Reserve a fair yield of wheat is expected from the 600 acres of land which was put in crop. Large quantities of hay have been cut by individual Indians and put up on their respective places for winter use ; they have also put up a lai^e amount for the McEwan Cattle Company who have the lease of the reserve for grazing pur- poses. Their ranching is prosperous, it is expected that they will have 300 head of beef steers for the export trade this year and about 300 head have been butchered for the semi-weekly issue of rations. A number of these Indians continue to go to Raymond during the season where they obtain good wages working in the beet fields. The Peigans did little farming this year, but they have been selling hay; firewood, logs and horses. A great number of them find employment with farmers around Pineher Creek and Cowley and have been a great help during harvest time. 78 ROYAL xoh'TinvKsT Moi \ri:i) roi.ici: 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 DISTRIBUTION STATE OF 'd' DIVISION DURING SUMMER, 1909. m 1 C • a X S, m OJ a Is £ h t-A a M . S a a a 1— 1 3 < 1 0) > 1 I- 2 1 1 1 X 1 Maeleod . . . 1 1 3 •> 3 T' n 32 33 Pincher Creek 1 1 2 3 Frank ') 3 3 Coleman * 1 o 2 *) Lille ! Lundbreck •? Cardston 1 2 3 3 Twin Lake.s 1 3 1 ■3 4 Big Bend 3. Stand Off t Kipp O 1 Peigan 2 •> 1 1 2 Staveley • Clareahohn 1 1 3 4 Granum 1 1 2 1 1 Totals . . . 1 3 1 i 3! 4 !) 33 13 •J7 6S DISTRIBUTION STATK OF ' D ' DI\'ISION ON SEPTEMBER 30. 1909. ao ffl ce aj ?P C f! a, bx & jj y' 'u 03 1; •1} ^ 1 s m C 15 ■3 39 1 i CO < > M ^ ^ X H ^ 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 16 2 5 32 3 31 Pincher Creek 4 Frank 1 1 «> •^ Coleman 0 2 1 Lille 2 ... ^ 1 1 1 1 .... 2 1 Lundbreck ... "i "'i' 1 1 1» 4 3 4 0 5 Twin Lakes 4 Big Jiend Stand Off ."1 Kipp 2 Peigan 1 0 '> Stavely ] 1 1 Nanton 1 1 1 '.'.'.'.'.'.\ 1 3 2 Claresholm , 1 4 On command Totals 1 4 1 3 4 7 32 11 65 157 Attached from " H " Division Inspector Demers. ifEPoirr (IF SI ri:i;i\'ri:\ ni:\r rh'ninosE 79 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 DISTRIBUTION' OF STRENGTH. The distribution state for September 30 shows a decrease of five in the strength of the division from what it was at this time last year. With the niimber of priso- ners in the guard-room the strength of the post must be kept at a certain number so as to have sufficient men for escorts and night guards and that they get a reasonable number of nights in bed. In consequence any reduction in strength must be taken from detachments, at present the following detachments are vacant : Kootenai, Por- cupine Hills, Boundary Creek, Reeds Hill, Lundbreck and Granum. There is no reserve in case of emergency. It has been found absolutely necessary owing to the rough element to be dealt with to have at least two men at each of the detachments in the mining towns of the Crowsnest Pass, but one of them Lundbreck had to' be closed up on account of shortage of men. The number of men in the Claresholm and Cardston subdistricts is altogether inadequate; in the former there is one officer and four non-commissioned officers and constables, with a large population of practically' new settlers, who require' consider- able education in the laws of their adopted country. Many of these people came from places where they have never seen a policeman, and their lack of knowledge in all things, except getting money, is sometimes extraordinary. It is now that the country needs the services of efficient policemen and vigorous enforcement of its laws, a few years hence it might be too late. Nanton, Stavely and Claresholm should have each one more man. Granum should be re-opened and new posts should be established at Cleverville, Carmangay and Barons. The Cardston- subdistrict has only one post on the boundary lin?; this is in- adequate for such an extensive line of patrol, and there is no doubt that horse-steal- ing and smuggling is facilitated by the want of sufficient supervision on the line. Inspector Demers was transferred from the Yukon and arrived here on Septem- ber 9, he has taken over charge of the Cardston subdistrict. Inspector T. S. Belcher has charge of the Pincher Creek subdistrict, and In- spector Camies the Macleod in addition to the Claresholm subdistrict. DRILL, TR.^INING AND MUSKETRY. During July and August all available men in the post were put through arm and squad drill three times a week in the early morning. This was all the drill that could be done owing to the amount of other work. The annual revolver practice was commenced on September 13. Squads of six men were put through successively, until the whole division had completed the practice; men from detachments were brought in in turns; the scores made were on an average very good. CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE. The conduct of the members of the division was good. There were two or three serious breaches of discipline, but in each case the offenders were dismissed from the force, in addition to the other punishments inflicted. HEALTH. The health of the division was very good, there were the ordinary amount of trivial ailments and a few accidents, but nothing of a serious nature. HORSES. The horses in the division are in good condition and serviceable. Seven were purchased during the year and two died. The total mileage for the eleven months, is :— 176,485, an average of 2,542 miles for each horse. 80 uoYAL x()irnnvi:sT MoiyTKn i'olice 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 TRANSPORT AND HARNESS. Our transport is in good order and serviceable although two of the heavy wagons will probably have to be replaced during the coming year. The harness on charge is in good repair and sufficient with the exception of two sets of single harness required to replace the ones condemned by last semi-annual Board. CANTEEN. The canteen continues to do a fair business and is a great comfort to the men, the usual grants towards messing and amusements were made irom its profits. READING AND RECREATION ROOM. The number of books in the reading room has been increased and are greatly enjoyed by both the men on detachments and those in the post. The illustrated papers are regularly received from Ottawa; these remain in the reading room for one week, after which they are sent to the detachments. BUILDINGS. The whole of the buildings in the Macleod post, were repainted during the sum- mer; the colour is now light grey. This has added greatly* to the appearance and cheerfulness of the barracks. I would bring to your notice that at the present time the bulk of our clerical work is about the interior economy, maintenance, &c., of the force and the payment of the accounts of same, and I would urge your earnest consideration of the subject of cutting down of this immense amount of clerical work, with a view of being able to devote more attention to the public and criminal matters. I would further invite your attention to the fact that as yet no system of identitieation of criminals has been introduced for use into the force, and would ask that this matter might receive your consideration as there is much need for the same. With a less number of men there has been a greater amount of work done during the past year by the division and therefore my remarks of last year apply to an even greater extent, in bringing to your notice the good work which has been done by all ranks in putting down crime and protecting life and propertj-. I have the honour to be. Sir, Your obedient servant, P. C. H. PRIMROSE, Supt., Commanding ' D' Division. To the Commissioner, RN.W.M. Police, Regina, Sask. ' i;t:i'(U!i III' SI rt:i;i.\Tf:\t)t:.\r iwss viimiKirr 81 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX E. ANNUAL EEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT A. E. ROSS CUTHBERT, COM- MANDING ' G ' DIVISION, ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE. Fort Saskatciiewax, September 30, 1909. To the Commissioner, R.N.W.M. Police, Regina. Sask. .Sir, — I have the honour to render the following- report for the eleven months ending this date. fiEXKRAI. STATE OK THE DISTRICT. The present season has been one of the best from the farmer's point of view ever experienced and the result is apparent in the bountiful harvest throughout the district and the optimistic tone prevading: the entire community, for the success of the farmer means the prosperity of the whole district, urban and rural. In spite of the late spring, delayed seeding and anticipatory forebodings the per- fect growing weather of the sunnner months and the absence of damaging frosts while the crops were at a dangerous stage have accomplished wonders and belated farmers who had iilanted in the hope of reaping green feed have been harvesting and are now ihre.shing a fully ripened crop of phenomenally heavy yield. All crops whether wheat or coarser grains, or roots have done well. In addition to the success of the farmer there has been an abundance of work available for the labourer all over the district due to the normal growth and expansion and railway construction. Both the Grand Trunk Pacific and Canadian Northern Railway have been carrying on construction work in the district and among the new- roads being built or extended are the Vegreville to Calgary line via Camroge, the Canadian Pacific Railway, Stettler to Castor line and the Great Waterways railway intended to serve the country to the north between Edmonton and Fort McMurray. The construction work on the Grand Trunk Pacific has reached the Maeleod river and .«teel has been laid to the Pembina river, the bridge across which is now being built, when this is completed in a few weeks time it is intended to push the track as far west as possible at once. The Canadian Pacific Railway is also actively engaged in the construction in this district of their line from Saskatoon io Wetaskiwin. With all the above contributing causes at their best it may be superfluous to add That the district is prosperous and hopes for the future of Northern Alberta un- bounded. From the standpoint of police matters it may be said that the growth of this liistrict, increase in population and therefore of crime and the necessary extension of our detachments render an increase in our numbers imperative if the fullest control of the conditions that require police attention is to be maintained. 28—6 82 ROYAL XORTBWKKT MOlXTKIi POLICE The following- table gives the siininiary of eases G' Division for 11 months ended September 30, 1909:- 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 entered and dealt with bv Crime. Offences against the jierson — Murder Attempted murder . Assault 11 aggravated It indecent Rape and attempted ' Seduction Attempted suicide Abduction Concealment of birth Attempted alxirtion Defamatory lil>el. Extortion by threats Offences against proi)ertv — Theft . . Horse-stealing Cattle stealing. , Wounding cattle Illegal branding Injuring stock Fraudulently taking cattle Cruelty to animals Poisoning dt)gs Shopbreaking Arson Fraud Forgery False pretenses ; Mi>chief Trespass Miscellaneous Offences against public order — Carrying concealed weapons Pointing Hrt-arnis Discharging,' Hrt-iirnis Offences against religion and morals — Vagrancy. Drunk and disorderly Swearing, threatening and insulting language . Indecency Incest Keeper of house of ill-fame Inmate t. n Frequenter " ■. Keeping gaming house Gambling Non-support of wife , Disrturbance Miscellaneous Corruption of disoliedience — Escaping from custody Obstructing peace officer Resisting arrest Misleading justice — Perjury Railway Act — Railway em^tloyee drunk Stealing ride Indian Act — Supplying liquor Indians dnmk Drunk on Reserve . Trespassing on Reserve Deserting school Animals, contagious diseases Election Act Cases Entered. 4 1 137 2 5 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 101 13 11 3 3 3 1 7 2 1 4 24 13 16 8 1 2 5 1 2 26 74 3 8 1 34 68 2 4 3 3 9 2 1 2 6 23 1 . 5 1 2 3 Convictions. Dismissed Discharged. 1 1 104 2 3 72 U 7 15 i» 8 7 1 2 5 1 1 24 74 2 8 34 68 2 4 3 1 9 2 4 1 1 1 2 4 23 1 5 1 1 2 33 20 2 2 1 3 Waiting trial. UKi'iUn or SI /'i:in\ri:\ iiK\r i:()ss i i iiiitKnr SES£IC^AL PAPER No. 28 83 Crime. Cases Entered. Convictions. Dismissed Discharged. Waiting trial. Prcivincial ordinance.s — 43 12 1 8 .")8 40 3 1 3 o 1 \ 1 1 1 1 3 34 12 5' 1 3 702 n fore Xicholson had disappeared and the result was n two years sentence in the penitentiary. WEDIN — FALSE PRETENSES. This man obtained a sum of money at Stettler by representing that he had a bank account at Calgary and drawing a cheque against it. When the cheque came back in due course Wedin had left Settler, but as we were able to stop him at Calgary. On his trial ho pleaded guilty and said in extenuation that he had been drinking and Just happened to be short of money at the time. The record of a previous conviction on which he had been released on suspended sentence in 1905, was, however, produced, and the court took a more serious view of his offence, and he was sentenced to two years in the jjenitentiary. ZLXHT — M.ASSLAUGHTER. This case was the result of a fight in an hotel at Stony Plain between Edward Inglis and Joseph Zucbt. While this was in progress Gus Zucht, son of Joseph, at- tacked Inglis with a hammer, striking him on the head several times. This brought the fight to an end but Inglis at the time did not appear to be seriously hurt. This oc- curred on the 3rd April, and as the result of a complaint of aggravated assault, Gus Zucht was on the 7th April convicted to pay a fine. Inglis, however, began to suffer severe pains in the head and shortly afterwards became luieonscious. He was brought to an Edmonton hospital on the 12th April and died on the 14th as a result of a frac- tured skull. Meanwhile Gus Zucht had disappeared from the district. He was, how- ever arrested at Calgary and brought back and found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to ten years in Alberta penitentiary. KING — HOHSE-STEALING AND FRAUD. W. O. King, alias Koenig, alias Keller, alias Schultz, and many other names, has given us a lot of trouble for a long time. He is a German, but a naturalized subject of the United States. He appears to have been for a couple of years past the head of a gang of crooks subsisting by their wits, and the source of many crimes. He was finally arrested for horse-stealing, but escaped from custody while under escort in the bush he stated he could find. This was in the latter part of last year. He was in the country, ostensibly for the search of the remains of a man whose resting place recaptured on the 23rd April last and finally brought to trial on four charges of fraud and two charges of horse-stealing as well as the charge of escape from custody. He was sentenced to seven years in Alberta penitentiary. Sergt. Nicholson has done most excellent work in putting an end to this man's career for a time at least and there is a likelihood that present investigations into his record will bring to light still graver crimes. BRUCE — FORGERY. On the 5th of July last a cheque for $180 drawn on the Bank at Lacombe and made payable to one Jackson and signed by two other names, was paid into a hardware store at Stettler for a purchase of about twenty dollars. The change being obtained in cash. Another store on the same date at the same place was victimized in the same way with a worthless cheque for .$100. The man who presented these cheques was unknown at both stores, but does not seem to have had much difficulty in obtain- ing what he asked for on the strength of his worthless paper. When the fraud came to light he had of course disappeared but by no means with the proceeds of his above- mentioned enterprise alone, ifany other complaints from other trusting persons .86 i;iiy\L Mun iiwr.sT moixteh I'olice '. ' 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 followed. From the (lf.-;fi-iptioii of tho .straiiRcr supplied to the StettlcM- dot;iehin?iit and the investifratioii that resulted, Kesinald Briiee, a resident of Lainerton, it was concluded was the oifender. It was ascertained that Bruce had gone to Calgarv hut inquiries there failed to hring him to light. The chief of police at Winnipeg was communicated with and the arrest was made there on the 25th Jul.v. Bruce's inten- tion apparentl,y was to raise as much as he could in a short time and en,io,v the pro- ceeds somewhere else. The first part of his plan worked adniirabl,v and it is almost incredible that crude methods such as these should succeed so well. lie was brought to trial on the 31st nit. We were able to bring twenty charges of forgery and uttering against him to each of which he pleaded jfuilty and was sentencwl to five .v<'ars in the pcnitetitiar.v on each charge which, however, are to run coneurrentl.y. WAI.IIUICII MriiHEH AND SUICIDE. On the 1st July, Anton Waldrieh, living near Stettler sent his four children away from home and then shot his wife. He placed the body in the cellar and on the children's return told them their step-mother had gone away and he was going to look for her the next da.v. The next morning at 3.00 a.m., he called the eldest girl to get breakfast and told her not to go down into the cellar for potatoes as he did not want any. lie then left the hou.se. Sometime during the day one of the children noticed blood on the floor. A neighbour was notified and on looking through the place found the woman's body in the cellar. As soon as possible we were notified but subsequent investigations failed to locate him but he had been seen near a neigh- bour's after the crime and had left a letter there addressed to a relative in Chicago to the effect that he had killed his wife and would be himself in eternity the next day. Search was continued and every effort made to locate him, if alive, and find his body, if dead. No further trace of him was obtained until the 1st September when his body was found in an old well about two miles from Stettler. lie had apparently taken carbolic acid, a bottle of which he was known to have taken with him, and then jumped into the well.- B.\RRETT MUBDEIi. G. R. Barrett, a convict in the Alberta penitentiary, serving a life .sentence for the murder of his step-son, the death penalty having been commuted to life im- prisonment, killed Deputy Warden Steadman on the 15th April last. While the latter was in the carpenter's shop speaking to Instructor Pope, Barrett struck him at the base of the skull with an axe he had been sharpening a moment before and almost severed the head from the body. The only provocation that could be alleged for the act was that the Deputy Warden refused to allow Barrett to see the institution's doctor v.ithout going on the sick list. He was tried for the offence in ila.v. was found guilty and hangid in July last. HOLT — C.\TTLE STE.VLING. For some time prior to the present year complaints had been received from time to time that cattle disappeared mysteriously in the southern portion of this district but effort* to discover the thieves resulted unsatisfactorily and it became apparent that an organized gang of cattle tiiieves existed there and that they were pastmasters at the business. There was a general agreement as to the identity of these clever oper- ators and their methods irfso were fairly well known but it seemed for a time impossible t'l olitnin the necessary evidence to bring matters to a head. Private owners and stock associations were complaining bitterly when Sergt. Ensor was relieved of other duties on 1st December last and given instructions to devote himself and his time exclu- sivel.y to this matter. I am pleased to say he has been eminentl.v successful and as a result of persistence and luitiriug efforts, continued for months, and involving among HKI'OHr Of sUfERINTEXDEXT ftO>S'.S' CCTHBERT 87 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 olher duties the covering of liundretls of miles of territory in searcli of cattle wliose brands had been tampered with, the roi)iug and clipping of several hundred head of cattle whose description was taken and for whom legal owners were found. Six arrests were made in March last, and as a result of these arrests and the charges disposed of up-lo-date, some of the trials having taken place in May and June, Irvine Holt was sentenced to nine years, and James Holt, cattle stealing to two years in the jjeniten- tiary; Louis Salway, cattle stealing, was sentenced to five years in the penitentiary. Jack Dubois, has up-to-date been committed for trial on two separate charges of cattle stealing and is serving sentence of nine months in jail for unlawfully being in posses- sion of estrays. Joe Cardinal, one of the other men arrested got off with a three months sentence as he was merelj' employed by the others without being quite aware of what he was doing. Abe Salway, brother of Louis, was released as he did not appear to have been involved. Jack Dubois and Irvine Holt have unenviable records in the United States. Since JIarch last when the arrests were made there has been no complaint of cattle stealing in that portion of the district. ^Vhen the pending cases against Dubois are disposed of it will be' possible to refer at greater length to this particular cattle man's case. ZYHBLEY MURDER. On the 13th inst. I was notified by the telephone operator at Mundare that a report had been brought to him to the efiecl that a Galician settler living ten miles north of Mundare named H. Zyhbiey, had murdered his wife. The nearest available constable to this point was at Vegreville and he was despatched to the scene as also a party from here. It was found on arrival that Zyhbiey had assaulted his wife inflict- ing fatal wounds on the skull with an axe, that she was still living but unconscious and that Zyhbiey had inflicted wounds and seriously mained himself in the interval. Both were taken to the hospital at Vegreville and Zyhbiey kept under guard there. The woman never quite regained consciousness and died on the 18th inst. As a result of the preliminary investigation held the 22nd inst. when Zyhbiey had recovered from liis self inflicted injuries, he is now being held for trial on n charge of murder. PR.\1RIE riRES. The number of fires last spring was small and of little consequence. This was due to the absence of favourable conditions rather than greater care on the part of the settlers or others usually responsible for them. This autumn conditions are different and very favourable owing to the continuetl dry weather, and both prairie and bush fires are numerous and some of them very extensive. A bad fire has been burning for some time in the government timber reserve in the Beaver Hills. This has been beyond control practically from the start and will continue until it ruins or snows. Its cause is so far unknown. A prairie fire which occurred in the neighbourhood of Dayslaud due to the careless- ness of a threshing outfit caused the loss of a number of grain stacks, many stacks of bay and one settler's buildings besides destroying the winter feed over a large area. It will very likely be possible to obtain a conviction in this case. A fire which came up from the south from the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway to the Canadian Northern Railway has caused a good deal of damage also, and the loss of one life, a young girl who had carried refreshments to her father and others who were employed at the time in protecting their property from fire, she was on .icr return to the hou.se overtaken by the flames and burned to death. When reports are all in it will be found that losses have occurred in many directions. 88 ROYAL XOKTHWKST .VOIXTFn I'OIJCE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 ASSISTA^•CE TO OTHER DEPARTMENTS. Department of Justice. Orderlies have been supplied to all sittings of the Supreme Court and nearly all district court sittings. Prisoners were escorted to and from courts, to and from places outside the dis- trict, including Brandon asylum and in the case of arrests outside the province. We have taken charge of all prisoners sentenced to less than two years and supply escorts and guards for the period of their sentences. Paroled prisoners actually in this district are reported to the Dominion police authorities. Ju.stices of the peace and coroners throughout the district have been supplied with the necessary ix>lice assistance. Subi^cenas are served and estates of deceased persons when not otherwise looked after are reported to the public administrator. The following is the report of the provost for the eleven months ending this date: — Fort Saskatchewan, Sept. 30, 19G9. The Officer Commanding, ' O ' Division, E.N.W.M. Police, Sir, — I have the honour to submit the report of ' G ' Division jail for eleven montks ending this date : — Below is a classified summary of sentences which have been served in the guard- room ihiring the past eleven montlis : — Crime. Theft .Assault, common . . . M indecent .. aggravated Shopbreaking Cattle .stealing 11 maining Carnal knowledge Mannfacturing obscene photos Drunks Drunk interdicted Shooting g.anie out of sea.son . . Mischief Escape .\bduction Seduction .Stealing ride Horse-stealing Assault, causing bodily harm. . Vagrancy Forgery Trespa.ssing on reserve '. . . Fraud Liquor to Indians Ijiquor without license Concealed weapons Illegal practice of medicine. . . . No. of Sentences. .i2 n 32 5 3 6 1 1 1 2 150 Years. Months. Days. 3 12 I 22 G 6 S 2 • (i 1 C 1 4 ' 1 10 10 4 1 1 8 13 / 15 1 2 1 18 2 5 25 3 o I 1 KEPORT OF sii'EJ{i.\ri:\i)t:\r h'o.ss cvthbeut 89 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Total number of prisoners in cells, October 31, 190S— Males, 39. Total number of prisoners coniined during 11 mtmths — Males, 232; females, 1; total, 233. Total number of prisoners in cells September 30, 1909— Males, 43. Daily average number of prisoners 41-87 Maximum number of prisoners on any one day 61 Minimum number of prisoners on any one day 33 Xumber awaiting trial 12 Number serving sentence 31 Number of lunatics received 40 Disposal of same — Males. To Calgary 6 To Brandon 16 To relations 2 Discharged 5 Deported 2 31 Females. To Calgary 1 To Brandon 7 Discharged 1 9 I have the honour to be, sir. Tour obedient servant, W.MacBRAYNE, Sergt., Provost. It will b"; noticed that sixty-one prisoners have been acoonnnodated at one time in a small g"uard-room having thirty-four cells. Such a condition is undesirable from every point of view, and steps should be taken to provide adequate jail accommoda- tion. The conduct and health of the prisoners wa.s, on the whole, satisfactory. Last spring an outbreak of mumps occurred among th^ni, but there were no serious conse- quences. DKi'AHTMKNT Or ARRlrULTfUl'.. On behalf of the Provincial Health Department we havo had a great deal to do in re quarantine matters and in the investigation and issuing of relief in cases of destitution. In certain portions of the district we are never quite, free from these duties, while at times special distributions of men must be made to deal with the conditions brought about by the people concerned by a total disregard of sanitation and reasonable precautions to guard against infection. LICENSE DEPARTMENT. We have reported to this department infractions of the license ordinance coming to our notice. There have been many such instances, and in certain cases on railway construction the prosecutions hav; been entered by us, liquor seized and destroyed. 90 h-oYAi. xoirninEsT sim sted police 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 CUSTOMS. We have no special duties in re this department, but our patrols have dealt with some cases of smuggling and collected dues on stock brought in as settlers' property and subsequ°ntly sold in vinlation of the Customs Act. INDIAN DEP.\RTMEXT. Special escorts were provided to accompany Indian agents at treaty payments, and special steps taken to prevent the disposal of liquor to Indians. State of the Indians. — There are several small Indian reserves in this district on which, for the most part, the Indians api>ear satisfied to remain. They do not visit the towns to any great extent, and are quite contented to keep to themselves and out of trouble. Some of them will at times obtain liquor and get drunk, but generally speaking we experience very little trouble from them. There were about the usual number of convictions in this connection this year. DISTRIBUTION AND STRENGTH. Detiituhiiit-nt. g s o 1 3 X 1 o ■s ai C 1 1 i § a; 3 i 1 s •/: 1 1 1 a 1 "i' 1 a 17 3 1 1 "l' 2 I S n 3 2 1 26 a •a o r 1 16 2 4 7 3 i I O Kort Saskatchewan 9it very satisfactorily. TRANSPORT, HARNESS ANB SADDLERY. Our etiuipment under this head is in serviceable condition. Nothing further is required in the way of saddlery. The activities of our canteen are limited. As there are so few men in the post it is inexpedient to keep a large stock. A few articles of every day use are kept, and fruit when obtainable. The canteen is in good financial standing. REAOKG AND RECREATION ROOJI. I am pleased to lie able to report that some much needed furniture was purchased for this room during the summer and it now provides a moderate degree of comfort. The fine fund was never drawn upon for a more deserving object. STORES. Supplies and stores obtained locally or from other sources are of good quality. GENERAL. Buildings. — The need for an office building in this post is becoming mure pressing every day. The roofs of nearly all buildings are badly in need of painting. For some months the patrol with pack train equipment has been maintained en the G. T. P. construction west of Stony Plain with an officer in charo-" The proportion of our strength on detached duty is now a total of 33 compared with 29 last year. All other duties have also increased. Under the circumstances every man is working over time in an endeavour to keep up with the requirouient« but the limit of our capacity with the present strp)'"*'i lips now been reached. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, A. ROSS CUTHBERT, SupL, Commanding 'G' Division, Fort Saskatchewan. S2 SOTAL XORTHWEfiT MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 APPENDIX F. ANNUAL KEPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT J. O. WILSON, COMMANDING 'K' DIVISION, ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE. Lethbridoe, October 7, 1909. The C'oMJiissiONER, R.N.W.M. Police, Regina, Sask. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the annual report of ' K ' Division, Lethbridge, for the eleveii months ending September 30, 1909. GENER.\L ST.\TE OF DISTRICT. The district generally has enjoyed a most prosperous year. The crops have been excellent. In the Lethbridge district a portion of the fall wheat was winter killed, but most of this was ploughed and reseeded with spring wheat. The crops from Taber east to the Saskatchewan boundary are the best ever raised. Stock of all kinds came through the winter practically without loss, and the shipments of cattle this fall are said to be as fine as ever left the province. Horses have been in great demand and prices very high, it is estimated that about 2,000 horses have been shipped out of Medicine Hat during the season. The day of the rancher is about over, he is being rapidly crowded out by the settler, and thousands upon thousands of acres hitherto only considered fit for grazing are producing from 30 to 40 bushels per acre of Alberta Red. The immigration into this district has more than doubled that of last ,vear and the people appear to be of a good class : they are at any rate greatly pleased with their prospects. New villages are springing up throughout the district: Coaldale, Taber, Grassy Lake, Burdett and Bow Island are the largest of the towns on the Crow line between here and Medicine Hat. They have made very rapid progress. On the A. R. & I. Co.'s railway to the south, the principal places are Stirling, New Dayton, Warner, Milk River, and Coutts. Great improvement can be noticed in these places and a large amount of wheat is now being shipped out on the Cardston branch. Raymond, Magrath and Spring Coulee have improved greatly but I should say the greatest change has been in the country to the north up to the Bow river. The whole district, which two years ago, was almost void of settlement is now as thickly settled as most of the older parts of the province along the railways. Most excellent crops have been raised in this part and it is expected that as much grain will come out of this northern section as from the south. The two largest places in the district are Medicine Hat and Lethbridge, the latter's growth has been phenomenal. The building permits for 9 months exceeds one million dollars and the population something over ten thousand. Medicine Hat has prospered greatly owing to the magniilcent crop in its vicinity. The C. P. R. bridge over the Belly river has been completed and trains are now crossing. The track has been laid to the Old Man river and upon the completion of the bridge over this river the old route to Macleod will be abandoned. The new line to Calgary north has-been graded almost to Carmangay, a spur from this line had been completed into Diamond city where a town is rapidly growing. 1 uEi'itiri OF SI i'Kin\rF.\UF.\r tt/l.so.v 93 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Several tracts of country were thrown open for settlement this summer, and for two days before the opening of the Land Office, crowds gathered in front of the building waiting the chance for entry. Owing to disturbances, at the request of the Land Agent, I supplied men to maintain order. One of the best evidences of the prosperity of the country is the opening of .«o many branch banks throughout the district. I am pleased to report the absence of serious crime in this district which speaks well for the i-lass of settlers coming into this section of the province. The nunilier of cases entered for the eleven months is 590 as against 677 for the year ending October 31, 1908, this would show a small decrease. The number of cases entered in the Medicine Hat subdistriet has shown a marked decrease in comparison with last years report. I find decreases under the following headings, public order, administration of justice, person and reputation and rights of property, with slight increases against religion and morals and the Indian Act. On the night of August fi. the safes of the Taylor Milling Co. and Pioneer Lumber Co., at Lethbridge were blown open, and a small amount of cash with some papers were taken. Two or thi-ee arrests were made but we were unable to locate the guilty parties. Tt was supposed to have been done by some persons either with or follov?ing Cole Bros, show, which was here at the time. Of the four convictions for hor.se stealing, one of them was against a young man named Gilroy Brown. He entered the stable of Fred Ewing on the St. Mary's river and stole a horse, saddle, bridle. &c.. he was arrested at Twin Lakes while trying to cross the line. He was allowed out on suspended sentence owing to his youth, he being of the age of 16 years. An important arrest and one of great benefit to the connnunity was that of Charles H. Roske. who for years has evidently made a business of horse-stealing on this side of the line and disposing of them in ^[outana. He was located in Fort Benton where he was serving a term of imprisonment for giui play. He waived extradition and was .sentenced to five years in the Edmonton penitentiary by Judge Winters. He had a second charge against him, but the department decided not to go to the expense of bringing witnesses from Montana so the charge was withdrawn. Of the four eases of cattle killing, two were against Eeindel and Marietta, two arrivals from the I'nite» Against adnjinistration of justice — Escaping from custody Perjury Contempt of court Obstructing pe.ice officer Against religion and morals — Bestiality Vagrancy Drunk and disorderly Playing in common gaming bouse Abduction , Seduction under promise of marriage Inmate of disorderly house Keeper of disorderly house Living on avails of prostitution Attempt to have carnal knowledge of girl under 14 Frequenting house of lU-fame Insulting language Exposing person Gaming Against person and reputation — Assaulting peace officer Unlawfully wounding Assault Attempted suicide Neglect to maintain family '. Assault causing bodily harm Indecent assault Neglect to guard well Rights of proi)erty — Theft Burglary Housebreaking False ))retenses Horse-stealing Cattle-stealing Cattle killing Wilful damage to property Cruelty to animals Poisoning horse Mischief Aiding and abetting to poison horse Setting tire to gas well 28—7 Cases entered. 4 2 1 1 4 2 2 1 9G 44 1 1 3 16 3 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 65 2 1 2 61 1 3 5 Con- victions. 2 2 1 84 43 1 16 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 53 2 1 1 2 45 1 Dis- missed. 10 1 12 13 Not Tried. 98 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 SUMMARY OF CRIMES, ETC. — Continued. Crime. Rights of property — Con. Unlawful possession of calf 8hcM>tinE and wounding cattle Unlawful ijossession of horse Wilfully damaging shrubs Indian Act — .Supplying liquor to Indians Indians intoxicated Liquor in possession Refusing to disclose where liquor was obtained Railway Act — Stealing ride Customs and Inland Revenue — Clandestinely introducing horses into Canada . Animals Contagious Disease Act — Removing cattle from quarantine Ordinances — Masters and servants Insane Liquor license Livery stalile Estray animals Prairie and forest fires No-xious weeds Steam boilers Game ordinance Public works Inspection of stock Hawkers and peddlers Fence Horse breeders Pound Brand ordinance Destitute and delinquent children Total entered. I 1 1 3 9 39 3 1 38 11 24 2 10 21 19 6 8 2 2 2 1 590 Con- victions. 38 2 1 26 10 22 2 7 20 18 G 8 1 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 485 Dis- missed. 12 1 2 89 Not Tried. 16 Total of cases before the Supreme and District Courts for 11 months ended September 30, 1909. No. of Cases. Convictions. Fines. Imp't. Pent'y. Susp. Sent'nce. Dismissed. 33 24 1 14 1 • 8 9 CUSTOMS. The non-commissioned officer at Pendant d'Oreille and constable at Wild Horse act as sub-collectors of Customs, and make their report direct to the collector of Cus- toms here. We have four detachments on the line — Coutts, Writing on Stone, Pendant d'Oreille and Wild Horse, with twelve non-commissioned officers and men, with twenty- one horses, this force is purely preventive. For some time there was a lot of petty smuggling by settlers, but this has practically been stopped, and I have been informed by Customs that their revenue has increased in consequence. A seizure of twenty-three head of horses was made south of Medicine Hat; these horses were stolen from Mon- tana and sold to a rancher named Read in Canada. The Customs handed over six- teen to the owners on proof of ownership, and seven were sold by the Customs De- partment. llEPOHr OF (?ri'Elf[XTE\nEXT Wn.SiON 99 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 DfDIANS. We have liad almut the usual number of offences against the Indian Act. The Indians in this southern district make Maclcod their place of business, consequently we are not bothered with many at any time except at the Fair, when between five and six hundred come into camp here, remaining for about a week, the Indian parade being one of the greatest drawing cards of the Fair. I am convinced that the atten- dance of these people for exhibition purposes at races and fairs, when they are dressed in all their old-time costumes unsettles them. It is at this time that the charges of drunkenness are brought. I have to keep a constant patrol on these camps night and day. I am of the opinion that some of the new arrivals, who are now so anxious to see the Indian in his paint and feathers, would be as anxious to see them kept on the reserve if it were not for this police patrol. HORSES. The horses of the division are generally in good shape. They have had a hard season's work, none have been cast, and we have had no deaths. Two remounts were purchased. I have several horses which will have to be cast next spring. I have found the dry weather this summer to be very hard on the horses' feet. The mileage for the eleven months is as follows : — 1908— November 14,109 December 11,948 1909— January 10,446 February 10,995 March 12,640 April 13,065 May 12,751 June 12,564 July 11,467 August 14,645 September '. 13,822 : 138,452 HARNESS AND SADDLERY. This remains the same as last year, with the exception of another year's wear. None has been received. TRANSPORT. Kept in repair. We have received none. CANTEEN. This is in good financial standing and well managed. We have given $346.80 to the division during the last eleven months. READING AND RECREATION ROOM. We still keep adding to our supply of books, and both rooms are most comfortable and much used by the members of the division. 28— 7i 100 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII,, A. 1910 CLOTHING AND KIT. The supply has been ample and the quality good, with the exception of the blankets as reported last year. FOR.^GE AND RATIONS. Of good quality and correct. DISTRIBUTION AND STRENGTH. Our strength of 50 has been pretty well kept up, but I could easily employ 20 more men with the number of new settlements opening up. Place. 1 a. S 3^ i 1 i 3 1 1 2 X a; s § o 10 2 2 1 2 1 3 2 1 t 'IS 0= VI 2 "i' 1 1 "i" 1 3 20 3 3 3 3 1 4 3 3 1 1 2 1 i Lethbridge 1 1 1 I."! Coutts 9 W-on-Stone 4 1 3 Wild Horse 3 ? Medicine Hat fi 3 1 1 3 Taber 1 Magratli 1 2 1 1 2 Stafford A'illage ... 1 1 2 1 4 5 28 7 48 53 DRILL AND TRAINING. I have again to report that owing to the demand for our services on the outside I have been unable to have much drill. We had a few days this summer, but no sooner would it be started when something would turn up necessitating sending out men. Lectures have been given when found practicable. The whole division com- pleted the annual course of revolver practice. Reg. No. 4354, Const. O'Connor, of Warner detachment, being the best shot of the division. A rifle club has been formed in town, and a number of our men have joined. I assisted in the making of the range with prison labour on the understanding that we could have the use of it for our annual practice when wanted. Two shoots are held weekly. CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE. The conduct of the division has been good. There was one desertion. 4819, Const. Tilliard, P.N., who deserted from Coutts on July 27, 1909. HEALTH. Eeg. No. This on the whole has been good. I regret to report the death of Eeg. No. 4643 Constable Hodgkinson, T. H., who died in the Gait hospital as a result of an operation for appendicitis. He had been transferred to this division from ' F ' division for treatment by Dr. Mewburn. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT WILSON 101 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 GENERAL REMARKS. A general strike in the mines of this district went into effect on April 2, 1909, and was not settled until the end of June. This necessitated extra work-, but the miners gave very little trouble and were remarkably well behaved. There have been no less than 27 deaths by accident, drowning, &c., all of which were investigated and reports made to the commissioner. Inquests were held in a number of cases. This has necessitated a large amount of work, but I consider it most necessary that strict inquiry should be made where there might be the slightest sus- picion of foul play. The number of inquiries made from outside points for relatives or friends who have disappeared has increased. We were obliged to make a lot of inquiries entail- ing a lot of work. In fact I have arrived at the conclusion that it is impossible in any report to set out the work performed by the division. The only repairs of any consequence made to detachments during the year has been at Medicine Lodge. The water and sewarage has been installed in the sergt.- mnjor's quarters, this is the only expenditure of any account made for improvements in barracks. Inspector Howard, who was in charge of the line detachments and stationed at Coutts, was transferred to ' N ' Division in April, 1909. The post was visited by yourself twice during the year. The assistant commis- sioner inspected the post in September. I have received the hearty support of all ranks in carrying out the duties required 01 us. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, JAS. O. WILSON, Supt., Commanding ' K' Division. 102 . ROYAL XdiriHWEfiT MOVXTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A, 1910 APPENDIX G. ANNUAL REPOET OF SUPERINTENDENT J. V. BEGIN, COMMANDING 'F' DIVISION, PRINCE ALBERT. Prdjcb Albert, Sask., October 1, 1909. The Commissioner, R. N. W. M. Police, Regina. Sir, — I have the honoiir to submit this, my report of ' F ' Division, for the year ending September 30, 1909. GENER.\L STATE OF THE DISTRICT. The district is in a flourishing state, the grain crop being exceptionally good, and prices good. Thte farmers seem to be especially blessed with a bountiful harvest, and have glorious weather in which to carry on this work. The scarcity of labour has been felt very much, and had the weather been unfavourable, would have proved disastrous. The crop around Melfort, and what is known as the Carrot River Country, was thft heaviest. The Shellbrook country is also flourishing, and a town is springing up there. This place is situated about 32 miles northwest of Prince Albert, and although building has only just started, it promises to be a lively little place. The railway extension from Prince Albert to Battleford is graded past there, and this fall it is expected that the steel will be laid up to this point, which will be a great boon to the farmers in that part. At the present time they have a long haul to market and, consequently, do not cultivate as much grain as they will. There will be a great deal of land turned over in that district next summer, and got ready to receive crops. A branch line is now under construction from Shellbrook to Crooked Lake, and into what is known as the Cowen Timber limits. This is the C. N. Ry., as is also the extension from Prince Albert to Battleford. The steel is to be laid to Crooked Lake this fall, and another town will spring up there, as they expect to ha\ie about 500 em- ployees. A large mill is going up, and there is some magnificent timber around the lake, and I am informed there is a cut for years and years to come. Crooked Lake will be about 40 miles from Shellbrook by railroad. They are hauling out by tote road at the present time, which makes it about 100 miles from Prince Albert. The dump on the Prince Albert-Battleford extension is about 25 miles beyond Shellbrook, and is to be completed to Battleford next spring. This road will open up some splendid countr.y. The C.N.R. steel bridge across the Saskatchewan river at Prince Albert was com- pleted last spring. It is a very fine structure, 1,010 feet in length, and the central Span is constructed to swing open, so as to admit the passage of boats on the river, and has a vehicular roadway in addition to that for the railroad. Prince Albert itself is progressing slowly, but surely, and some fine buildings are going up. Saskatoon is going ahead, and is a large railroad centre, trains running daily to Winnipeg by the C.N.Ry., the C.P.Ry. and the G.T.P.Ry. The population of Saska- toon is estimated at 10,000 inhabitants. The Humboldt district is settling up very fast, some 2,300 liomesteads being taken up during the last year, and about 9,000 persons have come in there. In the Melfort country a good many settlers have come in, and about 10.000 acres of land sold at $25 per acre. There have been five excursions of American land seekers into this part during the summer, con.sisting of farmers from Iowa, Nebraska, and REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT BEGIN 103 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Minnesota, and other excursions are expected this Fall. They are experienced farmers, with money and should do well. Two new elevators have been built at Melfort, which give a capacity for storage of 155,000 bushels of grain. The Melfort Creamery has doubled its output this year, and the butter is the best of quality. A great number of cattle, also, have been shipped to Winnipeg from this point. The Canadian Northern Railway are surveying a line from Melfort to Humboldt, and also a farmers' railway, on which some grading has been done. Ilay has been very plentiful all over the district, and a large quantity has been put up. A steam shovel has been at work nearly all summer at Hudson Bay Junction, and the line from Dauphin to Prince Albert ballasted between Dauphin, and the Junction. A weekly service of trains from Hudson Bay Junction to The Pass is being inaugurated. All the lumber companies expect to put large crews into the bush this winter, so that the output should be larger than last year. There was a serious outbreak of typhoid fever at Barrows, N. W. Territories, fifty ..•ases being down at one time. The government sent Dr. Gordon Bell to investigate the cause of the outbreak of that disease. I have not seen his report, so I cannot say to what he attributed it. The disease is still living, and five deaths have occurred up to date. Barrows is situated on the Bed Deer Tjake, and is the headquarters of the Bed Deer Lumber Company. The village is built on very low ground, and when the water is high in the spring a large portion is under water. There were 1,145 homesteads taken up in the Prince Albert district, 3 pre- emptions, 3 purchased homesteads, 51 South African scrip and 10 half-breed scrip. A large number of gold prospectors went into the Lac La Ronge district during the summer, and came out with samples of gold. It would be premature to say very much about the prospects of this district, at the present time; but I am told that the samples show good values, but nothing definite is known as to the quantity, CRIME. Classification. Offences against the person — Assault, common .. indecent II and robbery Shooting wdth intent Attempt to murder Infanticide Murder Rape Attempted suicide Bigamy Attempted rape .Seduction Manslaughter Criminal neglect of children Highw ly robbery Perjury Miscellaneous Offences against property — Theft Attempted theft Hurglary Fraud Forgery False pretenses Wilful damage to property. . Shooting cattle Cases entered. Convictions. Dismissed, Awaiting trial. 70 3 1 2 4 1 S 2 1 2 1 46 1 24 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 i 2 1 .3 2 2 1 2 87 1 1 1 4 G 9 1 i" 1 !• 1 2 1 1 2 59 27 1 1 1 i 2 2 7 2 1 2 1 3" 104 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 CRIME — Continued. Classification. Cases entered. Offences against property — Conlinvcii. Cntf li- stealing Housebreaking Wilful attempt to wound cattle Cruelty to animals Fraudulently taking cattle . ... Wilful wounding cattle Trespass Shopbreaking Theft from railway cars Theft from H. M. Mail Offences against public order — Pointing guns - Discharging weapons in public place .Obstructing peace officer Creating disturbance . . - Carrying concealed weapons Escape from custody Carrying firearms Assisting prisoners to escape Offences against morals and religion — Indecent acts Mischief Vagrancy Keeping bawdy house Inmate of n Frequenter u Drunk and incapable Drunk and disorderly Prostitution Using ])rofane language Corr\iption and disobedience Offences against Indian Act — Indians drunk and in possession of liquor Selling liquor to Indians Offences against Provincial Statutes and N. W. T Ordinances — Game Masters and servants Prairie fires Breaking quarantine Liquor license ordinance Holding auction without license Obstructing view of bar-room Rescuing estray going to pound Working estray cattle Exhibiting stallion to mare on highway Illegal practice of medicine Illegally impounding cattle Offence against livery stable ordinance Unlawfully travelling stallion Not ad vertising stray ... Breaches of horse-breedersordinance Fishery laws Fishing on Sunday Shooting game on Sunday Breach of hawkers' and peddlers ordinance . . . . Breach of the Railway Act Miscellaneous ; ... Leading horse on sidewalk , . Fast driving over bridge Northwest Territories- Importing intoxicants Drunk Creating a disturbance Total. Convictions. 4 7 1 13 1 1 3 1 1 1 5 1 6 4 4 1 2 1 1 16 36 J7 21 1 6 54 2 11 1 3 72 15 2 18 1 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 1 4 11 S 8 1 1 7 1 1 5 1 1 621 Dismissed. 10 1 6 35 17 21 1 6 54 2 10 1 5 3 2 62 14 2 17 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 2 o 1 4 n 1 1 n 1 1 5 1 1 490 1 10 1 1 10 1 Awaiting trial. 117 REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT BEGIN 105 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 This tabulated list shows a decrease in crime in this district since last year, but a larger percentage of convictions. The number of cases entered being 621, of which there were 490 convictions, and 117 cases dismissed, while 14 are awaiting trial. Last year out of 703 eases entered, there were 115 cases dismissed, and 16 awaiting trial. This list does not include cases tried under- municipal by-laws of the many towns in the district, as very few of these are brought to our notice. The following are details of cases of importance that have occurred iu this dis- trict during the past year. lam Charachuk and George Worohetz. — Two Galicians who were shown as await- ing trial last year for attempted murder of Patrick Gariepy, a bartender in the Queen's Hotel, Duck Lake, were tried before Judge Lament and a jury in April last. Theft from the mails at Duck Lake, Sask. — This was a case reported to the police by the Post Office Department. It appears that the postal authorities had received many complaints of money being extracted from registered letters while in transit to and from post offices in the vicinity of Duck Lake. Duck Lake being the distribu- tion point for these offices. The custom was to abstract some of the nioney and leave siuue, and forward the letter on to its destination. An investigation was held and everything pointed to the pilfering being done in the Duck Lake post office. A trap was laid; a letter containing two $5 bills was sent from Prince Albert, which is one of the post offices in the vicinity of Duck Lake. This letter was followed up and watched all the way except while in the Duck Lake post office. When opened at Kilwinning it only contained one $5 bill. .Information was laid and a search warrant obtained, but the bill could not be found. The number of the bill had been taken, and it had also been marked, but no trace of the bill has ever been found. Two arrests were made, and a preliminary hearing held, as a result of which both were committed for trial. A great deal of evidence was taken in this case, most of which was cir- cumstantial and pointed strongly to the thefts having occurred in the Duck Lake office, but proof could not be obtained as to who was the guilty party. Edward Tadei. Murder. — At 1.45 a.m., on the morning of November 23, 1908, the burglar alarm in the store of E. E. Ruttle, a merchant of Rosthern, rang, in bis residence, to which it is connected. Ruttle immediately awakened his clerk, who lived in the house. Together they went to the store, Ruttle giving Tadei, his clerk, his rifle, and on arrival there perceived a light, as from a dark lantern. Tadei went to the front of the store and Ruttle to the back. Ruttle heard a whistle, which was immediately followed by two shots fired in quick succession. He then went round to the front of the store where he found Tadei standing. Tadei said, " I've hit one oi them," and together they went forward and found a man lying on the ground face downwards. The coroner was notified and after examining the body pronounced the man to be dead. Tadei stated that one of the men fired at him and he returned the fire. Mr. E. W. Task, the proprietor of the Queen Hotel. Rosthern, identified the dead man. as a man that had registered at his hotel as W. F. Ames, and occupied No. 4 room with a man named A. E. Salfrey. They both arrived the night before at 11 p.m. After the shooting Sergt. Pook went to room No. 4 at the hotel and found the door locked, however a key was discovered on the dead man that opened this door, but the room was found empty. Salfrey was evidently with Ames, and was the other man that Tadei said he saw at the time of the shooting. All efforts to trace and locate Salfrey have been tmavailing. A grip sent by Ames from Saskatoon to himself at Regina by express was found, and on examination the contents proved to be six pairs of new boots, which were no doubt stolen from some store, but it has not been found from where they could have been stolen. The charge against Tadei was eventually withdrawn, the Crown Prosecutor stating that the shooting of Ames was justifiable. 106 ROYAL XOiriHWES'r llOlhTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Ole Bratten, higamy. — This man came to Canada from the United States in 1904; took up a homestead and went hack to the states in 1906, where he married Bertha Simonson; left her the same day and came back to Canada. In 1908 he again re- turned to the states and married Monga Winkel. Information was laid against him by his first wife; he was arrested and admitted to bail, and the case adjourned. When the case came up again on December 12, 1908, the accused did not appear. Corporal Ahich, however, heard that a man answering his description had been seen going south from Humboldt. He proceeded in this direction and arrested Bratten while waiting for a train to the states at Lanigan, Sask. He was brought back and eventually pleaded guilty and was sentenced by Judge Johnstone on May 11, 1909, to two years in the Edmonton penitentiary. Charles Snow and Frederick Burton, Attempted Murder. — The case was reported as awaiting trial last year, and came up for hearing at Saskatoon before Judge New- lands on December 8, 1008. The evidence was conclusive, and the jury found them both guilty. Burton was sentenced to three years in the Edmonton penitentiary and Snow to two years at the same place. Charles Hunter, Theft. — On December 5, 1908, this man broke into the trunk belonging to his employer, who lived three miles west of Quill lake, and stole $175. Hunter skipped out, but his description was circulated, and on January 22, 1909, the chief of police at Kenora, Ont., telegraphed that he had a man answering Hunter's description in custody, but who gave his name as Powell. Hunter was suspected at Kenora of being concerned in a number of thefts, and a detective dressed as a vagrant was put in the cell with him. To the detective Hunter told all the story of ' his make' at Quill Lake. He wa.s brought back and committed for trial and found giiiltv .1 Sao < 1 6 .2 u 6 .11 0 Cm c < Offences against tlie Person — 1 1 2 1 46 1 1 1 1 1 68 3 7. 1 1 ■■■'2' 1 40 1 Threatening to shoot IT to do bodily harm Assault, common 11 aggravated Rape and attempted Incest '"'i' ""i' 1' ... 1 '" 1 45 3 1 1 Defamatory libel. 21 OiTences against Property- Theft 2 1 1 Cattle 11 2 11 killing i REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT McOIBBON SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 SUMMARY OF CRIME — Continued. 113 Saskatchewan. Albert.\. 1 c i 1 1 -0 \i .2ja .2 S Q Is ■E ■£) s 1 1 i oo CD 0 B 0 1 > 6 Q "a 'S tic c "5 < Offences aj^ainst property— Co//. 1 ■ 3 2 fi 3 1 3 2 1 1 17 95 7 4 3 1 ] 7 g 2 2 1 5 2 2 "3 2 1 3 '3 2 1 J 15 94 5 4 3 1 1 1 4 I Korgery and uttering" 1 Killing' or wounding' dogs Offences against |)ublic order- Unlawfully carrying offensive and concealed weiiixjns Pointing firearms Offences against religion and morals— 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 Drimk and disorderly Causing disturbance Obscene language • ■■ 1 1 11 under promise of marriage 7 3 I 1 5 "i' Prostitution. . .. Keeping gaming house , Frequenters of gaming house Gambling 2 1 ^Misleading justice. ... Perjurv 3 2 1 5 2 1 1 1 29 3 17 18 8 2 1 11 1 7 10 1 ""2 1 5 ...... 1 18 3 1^ 7 1 1 7 1 7 7 1 3 ""'i Assaulting peace officer • ■t ,, on reserve Animal contagious disease auces — 1 11 ...... 2 1 1 2 i' 2 2 '"'i' 2 Game . Liquor license Insanity. ... Kstr.iy animals Pound . 4 Herd Livery stable . •. }*ublic health 3 Hawkers and peddlers. ... .■ , 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 Election 2 Totals 44u .%1 80 9 13 11 2 28— S 114 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 DETAILS OF CASES OF IMPORTANCE. King vs. Kane, False Pretenses. — This case was mentioned in last year's report, and has been put off until October, 1909. King vs. J. Duhaime, Cattle-stealing. — Mentioned in report of last year. Jury disagreed. King vs. Peter Ducharnie, Forgery. — The facts of this ease are that one Peter Ducharme cashed a cheque at the store of one Cote at North Battleford for $15.60, supposed to have been made by H. C. Adams. Same day cashed one for $7.50, sup- posed to have been made by Mr. Bonnet, o"f Nortb Battleford. When arrested another cheque was foimd on him made out in the name of Plante. Was further charged with having altered and issued a cheque for $30.60, and signed the name of Louis Tiaplante; this cheque was made out by MrL .Ajdams to 'John Blanchet, who had endorsed it over to J. B. Blant, and from whom it was stolen. When cheque was issued in the first place^it was for $15.60, but when he cashed same it was for $.30.60. On account of his age, 18, he was sentenced to six months H. L., sentences to run con- currently. Kiyig vs. Simon Weslowshi, Forgery. — On July 14 Simon Weslowski wasi com- mitted for trial at Eadisson for the forgery of two cheques issued ,at Waldheim by T. T. Thomp.son, and payable to H. Fast. Cheques were for $73.05 and $76.15. It appears that Weslowski, some time in the month of November, stayed at Fast's house near Rosthem, and that Fast gave him his food and allowed him to sleep there one night, and the next day Weslowski left, and stole ,the cheques which Fast had received that day for two loads of wheat. Weslowski went to the Bank of Commerce later in the month at Eadisson and cashed the cheques. He was asked by the teller if that was his name, and he said yes. The teller then told Weslowski to sign his name, and as Weslowski could not write, sent hinv to get one Marak to witness his signature It was not till some time afterwards that the bank discovered the signatur&s were forged. Weslowski then came to town and gave, bank mortgage on his goods to make up the amount of the money received. He was sentenced by District Court Judge Ousely to : Forgery, two years ; theft, three years, and uttering, one year, sentences to run consecutively. This man has already been convicted of theft and did 80 days in the guard-room here. King vs. Henry Squires Hill, Forgery. — In the case the accused was paid his wages by a farmer named A. Wilson, near Lashburn. He paid him by cheque $26.20, and accused raised the cheque to $96.20. He tlien went to Yegreville and went on a drunk, and was arrested there and sentenced to the guard-room at Fort Saskatchewan, and when he completed his term there he was brought to Lashburn and committed for trial. He appeared before District Court Judge Ousely and was sentenced to two years and six months in Edmonton penitentiary. King vs. Wm. McOaffin, Theft of Eegistered Mail. — During November complaints were made re theft of money fromi registered letters passing through the mail at the Baljennie post office. This matter was investigated, but nothing could be learned there. I then warned Constable Turvey at Eadisson to find out along the line if he could get any trace of the money, and on December 3 he found Wm. McGaffin in May- mont ; he was slightly intoxicated and had lots of money. Turvey then, found out that McGaffin had cashed a $50 bill at the Canadian Northern Railway. He was later on arrested, and on December 10, 1908, confessed that he bad stolen the money from a letter in his father's post office. He was committed for trial, and on January 26, 1909, by District Court Jiidge Eimmer, sentenced to three years' suspended sen- tence, and security for good behaviour to the amount of $500 to be furnished by his father. Bail was furnished. UEroUr OF .stPEJUyTEXDEXT McaiBIiOX 115 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Ki/ig vs. Alonzo D. Smith, Horse-stealing. — On March 22, Alonzo D. Smith was committed for trial for horse-stealing, and appeared before District Court Judge Forbes on June 15, found guilty of the charge, and sentenced to four years in the Edmonton pcnitentiarj-. The facts are that one Sanderson and Turner lost some horses in the fall, and had luinted all over the country. Horses must have travelled from Paynton to Waseca and wont near accused's farm; he sent his boy to round them up, and later on branded them with his brand. Smith, it appears, is a man with a violent temper, and had abused his wife and children shamefully, anc]. she seeing no way of getting rid of him reported this theft to the iK)Hee. Smith at the time of arrest was a ticket of leave man, and had never reported to the police since he left Kingston. He was in Kingston on a charge of arson. King vs. G. Klump, Cattle-stealing. — On April 30, G. Klump appeared before J. H. Genereux, Esq., J.P., on charge of theft of cow from R. F. Allan, and was committed for trial and released on bail. The facts are as follows : Allan lost a heifer and a cow. and hunted the country for them without success, and then found out that one animal had been killed by G. Klump, a butcher at North Battleford. Klump, after he found out that Allan knew all about it, paid him money through an- other party for the cow, and also for his expenses in hunting lost animals. It will be proved by the Crown that Klump had told several parties that Allan's cow belonged to him. Robert Hope's case. — In the fall, one of his oxen got away from him near Jackfish, and he had never seen the animal again, until ho saw the head of the animal in the police barracks. Klump it appears bought some cattle from the Indian Department and claims some were lost in the river and that Hope's animal was one of those he purchased, and had got away from him, Klump claiming that every one around where he killed the animal knew the ox belonged to him. This ease will be heard in October. King vs. Amedee Tetreault, Murder. — On April !:> accused came before the Hon- ourable Judge Jvewlands and jury, was found guilty and sentenced to be hanged. The facts are that on November 15, 1908, at Paynton. Frank Nadon and Tetrault had been quarrelling in the accused's shack and that Nadon had then gone out with his friends; later Nadon went back to the house to get his clothes and as he entered the house Tetreault stabbed him with a butactically none are grown for market. In the Peace River District, Red Fife wheat was sown last spring from seed sup- plied by the government. The wheat principally sown in this district in former years was Ladnga, an early ripening grain, but the Red Fife appears to have done just as well this year. The amount of grain raised this year in the Peace River Crossing district is about: — ■ Wheat, 5,000 bushels; oats, 4,000 bushels; barley, 1,200 bushels. Threshing was not finished at the time this report was made, so the above is only an estimate. There are about 300 head of horses of all kinds and 350 head of cattle owned by settlers in the Peace River settlement, practically every farmer owning a few head of each. In Lesser Slave Lake district there are approximately 601 horses, 714 cattle and 145 pigs; in addition to these there are the following registered stock: 3 stallions, 5 bulls, 13 cows, 4 boars and 6 sows. In, the northern part of the district, Chipweyam and Smith's Landing, very little grain is grown. The season is very short and the soil is very light and sandy. The Roman Catholic mission at Fort Smith have put in a small crop of about 15 acres under oats and barley this year as an experiment. There are about 35 head of cattle all told in Chipweyan subdistrict, but the stock is not very good, being too much inbreed. The Hudson Bay Company brought in 10 head of horses this year from Edmonton and the Roman Catholic mission brought 4 from Vermilion ; this, with the 3 police horses, makes a total of about 40 head. The crops through the Peace River Crossing and Lesser Slave Lake subdistricts have been a fair average. The grazing lands about Lesser Slave Lake, Grande Prairie, Peace River Crossing, Vermilion and other sections are very good, and hay is very plentiful and a supply for the winter can easily be put up. The acreage under crop in the Lesser Slave Lake subdistrict is about 713 acres of oats, 301 acres of barley, 23 acres of spring wheat, 19 acres of fall wheat, 12 acres of fall rye. One acre of sugar beets and mangolds were grown this year as an experi- ment, and turned out very successfully. The crop all round was good, only one farmer suffere old, but in fair condition. Herschell Island and McPherson detachments are armed with the Lee-Metford cariiine these arms are in good condition. The revolver in use is the Colt 45 calibre, these are in good order. All accoutrements are in good order. CANTEEN AND RECREATION ROOM. There is no canteen in this division, it being impossible to run one with such a small number of men. The men have consented to a stoppage 6f 50c. per month from their pay for the purpose of securing hooks for the library. Most of the boofa now in the library have been read by the members of the division. BUILDINGS AND QUARTERS. New buildings were erected at Smith's Landing last year and should be in good condition. Chipwcyan detachment is also comparatively new. Peace Kiver Crossing. Some small improvements have been made by Staff-Sergt. Anderson, and the quarters are in good order. Vermilion. Quarters are rented from the Hudson Bay Company, and are suitable at present. 126 h'oYM. Miirniwi'.sT :\i()LXTi:it i'oi.ke 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 Athabaska Landing. A new kitchen has been added this summer and the build- ing painted and well banl^ed up, and should be comfortable this winter. The stable has also been remudded and whitewashed, and is in good order for the winter. Rawridge. The buildings have been remudded and whitewashed and put in good order for the winter. Lesser Slave Lake. The quarters are in good order. SETTLEMENTS. The principal settlements in the district are as follows: — Lesser Slave Lake known as Grouard, so called after the R. C. bishop of the diocese a well known pioneer of the country, is situated six miles from the west end of Lesser Slave lake and has a population of 25 whites, and 125 half-breeds, who make their living by hunting, fish- ing, and freighting in the winter time, most of them have a few head of cattle and horses, and small gardens where they raise vegetables for their own use. The E. C. mission has a school, hospital and convent here, the Church of Eng- land also has a mission school for the Indian and half-breed children. Salt Prairie and ITnvt River with a population of 20 whites and 175 half-breeds. Prairie River is considered one of the best settlements in the district, the land being very good, with a population of 85 wliites (Canadians, Americans and Swedes) and 23 half-breeds. Sturgeon Lake, with a poplation of 9 whit?.s and 290 half-breeds and Indians. In the Peace River Crossing' district, there are six actual settlements. Peace River Crossing settlement, Shaftesbury, Silver Springs, Cold Springs Bear Lake and Little Prairie settlement. Silver Springs settlement is situated about five miles from the farm of T. A. Brick, on a high bench at the head of a spring named by the settlers, Silver Springs. Bear Lake is used only as a winter camp, and for haying in the summer. The lake from which it lis named, is about twelve miles long by eight wide, it is very shallow and muddy, although the land about it is very good and will make a good grain country, but as yet, no one has done anything in that line. There are no fish in this lake. Little Prairie settlement is about twenty-two miles out from Peace River Cross- ing on the way to Lesser Slave Lake. This prairie is about ten miles long and one wide, but can be extended in all directions by clearing the bush. The land is very good, and the little grain sown has done very well this year. Two white men and a number of half-breeds are the only settlers at present. Peace River Crossing- settlement is what is known as round the crossing of the Peace River, extending about ten miles up on the north side of the river, taking in the R. C. mission (known as the Smoky River mission) on accovmt of its being oppo- site the Smoky River where it joins the Peace; this part is all surveyed with free grant lots to both whites and half-breeds who had settled there before the treaty known as No. 8, was made with the Indians. Shaftesbury is the name given to the upper part of the Peace River settlement, round the English Church mission, extending some .sixteen miles up the river, and comprising the balance of the Peace River settlement. The post office for this dis- trict is situated at Peace River Crossing, and serves for all these settlements. Cold Springs settlement is located on high land about thirty miles from Peace River Crossing, near Old Wives Lake Indian reserve; several settlers have taken up land there this year, and grain of all kinds has done well. Peace River Crossing settlement, including Shaftesbury, Bear Lake and Silver Springs settlements has a population of about 240; 29 French Canadians, 30 Cana- dians and English, 40 Indians and 150 half-breeds. Little Hart River has a popula- tion of 40 half-breeds and two whites (Americans). REPORT OF IX^PECTOR HOWARD 127 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 WOLF BOUNTY. Wolves are still nunieroTis in the district and continue to do much damage. Above Peace River Crossing they have killed a number of colts. Patrols were made from Vermilion, Chipewyan and Smith's Landing last winter to the Euffalo country, but were not very successful owing to the great depth of snow. A patrol left Chipewyan on August 12 with pack horses to make an extensive patrol of the buffalo country in a *iiuthwcsterly direction from Smith's Landing. Patrols will also be made this wnter. LIQUOR. The prohibitory liquor sections of the Northwest Territories Act are in force in Eevillon Bros, at present have only posts in the Peace river country. There were five cases and three convictions under this head during the year. Tn liquor cases affecting Indians there were 11 cases and 8 convictions; 3 cases being dismissed. The Indian will rarely tell where he got the liquor, as he knows if he does he will not get any more, and in nearly all cases prefers to take the 14 days' imprisonment provided in case he refuses to tell where liquor was procured. Most of the liquor permits going into the north are examined and cancelled at this point. TRAILS. Trails throughout the district are in good condition. A certain amount of work has been done on them in all the subdistriets. The road from Grouard to Prairie River was put in good condition this spring the bush being cut down on each side and put in the middle of the trail and covered with earth; the road has also had a ditch for draining it made on each side. Work has also been done on the Peace River trail, and on the trail between Dun- veygan and Spirit river. A bridge was built across the Heart river at the Little Prairie, and another bridge over the Heart river near Peace River Crossing is to he built this winter, FUR TRADE. The principal firms engaged in the fur business in this district are the Hudson Bay Company, Revillon Bros., Hislop & Nagle and Colin Fras^r. The Hudson Bay Company have posts all flirough the country, both on the Peace and Mackenzie rivers as far as the Arctic. Revillon Bros, at present have only posts in the Peace river country. - Hislop & Xagle have posts all down the Mackenzie, startin.u at Re.-solution. Colin Fraser has posts all down the Mackenzie, starting at Resolution. There are also a number of small traders, but the above are the principal men and do most of the business. All these carry a large stock of general goods and sup- plies, which they trade to the Indians at a reasonable rate owing to the competition, which is very stiff. The principal furs in the district are marten, miidv, foxes (silver, red, cross, white), beaver, muskrat, otter, lynx, fisher and wolverine. INDUSTRIES. Steam saw-mills are in operation at the following points in the district. Atha- baska Lauding, Lesser Slave lake. Peace River Crossing, Prairie river, Vermilion, Cliipewyan and Fort Smith; one is also to be in operation at Saskatoon lake in the Grand Prairie country this winter. The mill at this point does a good business, as a number of new houses have gone up in the village this j-ear, and a considerable quantity of lumber is used annually in 128 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 the building of the scows for the river transport; few of these scows are brought back \\p the river, but are broken up down below, and the lumber nsed for building purposes, scows being built new at this point every year. Grist mills are also in operation at Lesser Slave lake, Peace River Crossing and Vermilion. At Sawridge two lime kilns are in operation and a good quality of lime can be obtained at a reasonable price. Local patrols have been made by the different detachments, and all points in this subdistrict visited during the year. Sergt. Field, aceoinpanicd by Corpl. Mellor and Spl. Constables Daniels and Brown made a patrol from Smith's Landing as far north as Fort Simpson on th.; Mackenzie river, leaving Smith's Landing on January 12 and arriving back on Feb- ruary 25, having in the time covered a distance of 1,400 miles. This patrol was made to inquire into the report of bush fires on the Mackenzie river, and the making of an intoxicant by the half-breeds in that district. Sergt. McLeod made a patrol in Januar.y last from Vermilion to the mouth of Hay river on the Great Slave lake through the buffalo country. He left his detach- miut at Vermilion on January 11 and arrived back on February 25, a distance of 696 miles. This was a difficult patrol, as it was through an unknown part of the country, for which no guide could be secured, and the snow was very deep and the weather exceptionally cold during the trip. On March 27 Const. -Johnson and Spl. Const. Mercrede made a patrol from Smith's Landing through the buffalo country northwest, leaving the detachment on March 12 and returning on April 5. This patrol was also very difficult owing to the dieep snow. Const. Gardiner and Spl. Const. DanieLs made a patrol from Cliipweyan to Fort Providence, on the Peace river, in a northwesterly direction through the buffalo coun- try towards Smith's Landing. They left Chipewyan on March 18, and returned on the 25th ; this patrol had to be cut short oiwing to the dogs playing out through having to break trail through soft snow. In .Tul.v last Corpl. Mellor made a patrol up the Liard river to Fort Liard to investigate the death of the McLeod brothers. This report was forwarded to you with a sample of wheat grown at Fort Liard. ACCIDENTAL DEATHS. Two men emplo.yed by Mr. Von Hammerstein, who is boring for oil on the Atha- baska river below Fort McMurray were drowned in the Athabaska river in Jidy last, Mr. Hammerstein having a narrow escape himself, being unconscious when brought out of the water. It appears that they were attempting to run the right hand channel of the Grand Rapids in a boat, when it was swamped and the occupants swept into the rapids. The two men, one Volkoffsky, a native of the province of Baku in Russia, and the other a half-breed named Bonneau, of St. Paul de Metis, were drowned. The bodies of these men were secured later on, and after being identified, buried. In September last, Peter Loutit, jr., a member of the well known family of Chipewyan, was drowned by falling out of a scow on the Athabaska river. It appears that he was sitting in the bow of the scow, and in some manner over-balanced and fell into the water, the scow passing over him. He came up once some distance away, but went down again almost immediately. It is a curious fact that these half-breeds, although working on the river every summer, are in very few cases able to swim. This man wns sub.iect to fits, and may have had one when he fell overboard. In July last at Chipewyan a Cree Indian boy named Joseph Martin was llEPOIiT OF ISSPECTOR tlOWARr) 129 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 aocicknitally shut aiul killprl by his cousin. Felix ^fiartin. another Indian boy of 12 years of age. It appears that these boys went out shooting dueks, and not having- been successful, were returning homo; Felix Martin was carrying the gun, which was loaded and cocked; they were both running home \o the canii^, Joseph Martin being ahead. In going through some long- g-rass in a swamp, some of the gras.s caught in the trigger and discharged the gun. The eJiarge struck Joseph Martin in the hea;h all rijrht. and there were no deaths from starva- tion. The natives at Co-Puek village caught lots of fish and white whale and got along first rate all winter. The natives on the river ran out of fish early in March, but will be able to pull throug-h with rabbits and what little fish they catch. They are in fairly good health. I have heard of only four deaths this winter. Three children were born. WHALERS. There is no ship wintering in our waters this year. I heard from the liosie H., wintering at Flaxman island in April. The first mate was frozen to death in the blizzard on January ], two natives lost their lives at the same time, at the same place. GENERAL RESIARKS. I left here on December 9 on patrol to Fort McPherson Detch. to meet the mail from Dawson, and returned on March 21. We had an excellent trip both ways. I left Const. Carter in charge during my absence. Mr. Stefansson and Dr. Anderson are near Flaxman island, they got plenty of meat and are in good health. I have heard no word of the miners on the Old Crow river. I have been appointed Mining Re- corder and Commissioner for taking afiidavits for this district, by the Gold Commis- sioner of the Yukon Territory. I had to shoot one of the old dogs (Blucher) at Fort McPherson Detch. he was getting old and was useless for the return trip. I replaced him with a dog I bought from the Hudson Bay Company. I also bought two sets of dog harness, two sled wrappers and one flat sled, those articles are to replace ones at Herschel Island Detch. which are worn out. Wlien there are no ships wintering at Herchel island, I think that it is one of the most lonesome places in the north. There is no place one can go, except to visit a fe.w hungry natives, and there is no white man to visit closer than 180 miles. The worst blizzard ever known in the country was on Xew Year's Day. It tore every bit of snow banking from all the houses and took all the stove pipes from the roofs of the houses, most of them were never seen again. It broke all the heavy ice from Kay to King Point, about seventeen miles, and now it is almost impossible to travel over it. At Y p.m., on December 21, it was 2-2 above zero, at midnight, 52 below and blowing a howling blizzard. I beg to call you attention t) the goo 1 conduct of the two men stationed with me at this detachment, Reg. No. 2127, Cou~t. Carter, S., ail Rj^. N'a. 4533, Coast. Kinney, G. F., both have been very willing workers, doing everything they were told without dispute, and I have never seen either lose his temper, which is speaking a lot for men stationed in such a lonely spot, with reading matter lasting only a little over a month. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, F. J. FITZGERALD, Staff-t-:ergt. In charge of MacKenzie River Dist. 28— 9i 132 ROYAL M)in IIWEsr ]Hll WTEIJ I'ULICI-: 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 APPENDIX L. EEPORT OF SEKGEANT S. E. A. SELIG, FOKT MACPHERSOX. Mackenzie Eiver District, Fort Macpiikrsox Detachjient, June 30, 1909. The Officer Commanding, ' ' Depot ' Division, R.N.W.M. Police, Regina. Sir, — I have I lie honour to forward the following- report Detachment, for the period from February 1, to June 30, 1909. FISH AND CAME. Fort ]\lacpher^on Owing to the late spring there has been a dearth of fish here: and in fact all through the winter the natives have had very hard scratching to get a few out of the lakes. Fish being the dog feed here, .some idea of the scarcity may be had by the fact that the H. B. Co., at this place, fed their dogs Sinew and 'Babiche' (Green Deer skins cut in narrow strips and dried, for lacing snow-shoes). Of big game there was not a plentiful supply killed. Those Indians that went away from the fort for the winter hunt killed enough to feed themselves and dogs. The Peel River and the La Pierre's House Indians, that trade here, made out all right. But not so some of the A.R. River Indians. Most of them came to the post for Xmas and New Year, and after that they were clo.se to starvation in a great many cases. At the head of the Peel, across the mountains there w'ere quite a number of deer killed, as there also were on the Porcupine side. A few moose were killed at La Pierre's House by some of the natives from here. The prospect at New Year was for a good fur catch among the Indians. But when ihey turned up this spring everything went flat. Most of the Esquimaux had a good l)unch of fur, but their trade not being the same as the Indians', not so much of it gets into the hands of the traders here. They simply buy what they want and are not dazzled by any articles they may see on display for trade. The majority of the whaleboats are at present at A. R. River, where an early steamer is expected to arrive. The birds were late coming this spring and few in number. There -were few killed at this place. NATIVES. There are six or seven families of Indians that make a practice of hanging around the fort for the greater part of the winter. None of them get farther than 15 or 20 miles from the place. Owing to the scarcity of fish they were in a starved eon- ditlion 'a& spring started to come on, and) we had to help xhem out. Rabbits were reported plentiful last fall, but the report was unfounded, if one is to judge b.v the niunber snared and otherwise killed during the winter. On the A. Red River side there was quite a lot of starvation away from the Fort, but there were no deaths from this cause, although a great many of their dogs died. UEPORT OF f. 135 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX M. ANNITAL EEPORT OF SrEP.EOX C. V. BELL. M.D.. EEGINA. The Commissioner, R.N.W.M. Police, Regina. Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following medical report for the eleven months ending September 30, 1909. The number of cases was 620, a reduction on last year, due in some measure to the annual report being made up a month earlier than usual. There were six deaths, a reduction of one on the previous year. The average number constantly sick was 15-83; the average sick time to each man. 10-13 days, and the average duration of each case of sickness, 9-31 days. CiENEIi.VL DISE.\SES. Eruptive fevers were represented b.v 3 cases of m^-asles and 2 of scarlet fever. Influenza contributed 60 casas. Enteric fever. — There were 21 cases. 17 of which were admitted during the pre- vious year. Tubercular disea.se of the luug caused 1 admission. Venereal diseases. — There were 2 cases of primar.v venereal sores and 1 case of secondary s.vphilis, whilst Gonorrhoea furnished 3 cases. Parasitic diseases gave 2 cases, 1 of ringworm and 1 of taenia solium. Rheumatism accounted for 27 cases, and Dehility for 1 case. Under the heading of Other General Diseases 3 cases of mumps are recorded. LOC.\L DTSE.JiSF.S. Diseases of the nervous system were the cause of 19 cases, namely, S of headache, 9 of neuralgia, 1 of insomnia and 1 of neurasthenia. Diseases of the eye and eyelids gave 6 cases, 1 of iritis, 4 of conjunctivitis and 1 of meibomian cyst. Diseases of other organs of special sense were the cause of 7 cases, 4 due to inflam- mation of the external meatus, and the remainder to affections of the nose. Diseases of the circulatory system. — There were 8 admissions, the cases being 1 of endocarditis, 1 of valvular disease of the heart, 4 of varix, 1 of phlebitis, and 1 of cardiac irrcgularit.v. Diseases of the respiratory system. — There were 86 cases, namely, 60 of coughs and colds, 18 of bronchitis, 4 of pneumonia, 1 of laryngitis. 1 of asthma, and 2 of pleurisy. Diseases of the digestive system wer? the cause of 149 admissions, of which 55 were for affections of the mouth and throat, 14 for indigestion, 36 for diarrhoea, 8 for haemorrhoids, 18 for biliousness, 11 for colic, 1 for inguinal hernia, 3 for gastritis, and 3 for appendicitis. Diseases of the lymphatic system gave 2 cases of inflammation of glands. Diseases of the urinary system. — There were 5 cases, luimely, 3 of cystitis, 1 of nephritis, and 1 of renal congestion. Diseases of the generative .system caused 18 admissions, including 0 for varico- cele, 9 for orchitis, 1 for paraphymosis, 1 for urinary fistula, and 1 for epididymitis. Diseases of the organs of locomotion gave 18 cases, synovitis, myalgia and in- flammation of bursa; being the principal causes of admission. Diseases of the connective tisstie. — There were 13 cases, chiefly of abscess. 138 ROVAL AO/r/7niT.S'7' yOlXTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII.. A. 1910 Diseases of the shin caused 20 admissions, the principal ca\ises being: boils, 9; ulcers, 3; eczema, 1; and onychia, 1. For general injuries thers were 2 cases, 1 for multiple injury, and 1 death from accidental drowning. There were 140 cases of local injuries, mostly due to wounds, sprains, contusions and abrasions. There were 2 cases of fractured ribs, 1 of fractured clavicle, and 1 of fractured iibula. There were 3 deaths from gunshot wounds, all suicidal. POISONS. One ease of ptuniain paisotiing is recorded, but particulars are not stated. .SURGICAL OPKRATIOXS. There were only 3 operations of importance, all for appendicitis, one ending fatally. IXVAl.IDING. The number of men invalided during the year was 6, the causes being 1 for tubercle of lung, 1 for syphilis, 2 for rheumatism, 1 for varix, and 1 for varicocele. ^ "^ ' \ RECKUITIXO. 161 applicants were accepted, and 10 men re-engaged. SANITARY CONDITIONS. Reports from the different divisions state that the general health of the men has been good, and the sanitary condition of the various posts satisfactory. At Maple Creek the arrangements for the water supply are noted as being cajxibk' of improvement, and the cells in the guard-room are referred to as being very poorly lighted and ventilated. The guard-room at Calgary is stated to be at times very much overcrowded. The medical officer at Prince Albert recommends the building of new closets for the men. At Regina 17 cases of enteric fever remained over from 1908. Th'Jre was only one admission for the year, and this patient contracted the disease on detachment. Great improvement has been effected in the division mess-room and kitchen ; a store- room has been added, in which is placed a refrigerator, and the kitchen and scullery have been connected with the city water supply, so that hot and cold water water are available at all times. The new latrines, bath-rooms, &c., are nearly completed, when ablutionary facilities should be quite saisfactor.y. City water has been laid on to the hospital, but this building still needs connecting with the drainage system. The guard-room has also water laid on, but notwithstanding this improvement a new build- ing is required. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, G. PEARSON BELL, Surgeon. REi'onr or si nciios nrih. M.n. 137 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Table showing the average aiuiual strength, nnniber of eases, deaths, number in- valided, and constantly sick, of the R.N.W.M. Police Force, outside Yukon Territory, for eleven months ending September 30, 1909, with ratios per 1,000 of the strength. -Vverage Annual Strengtli, i)70. Disease. • tEnf.hai, Dise.\ses Measles Scarlet fever Influenza Entric fever Tubercular fever Syphilis Gonorrlnea Parasitic diseases Rheuniatisin Debility Other general diseases. LoC.\L Dl.sEASES. Diseases of the — NerVons system Eye and eyelids Other organs of sjiecial sense Circulatory system Respiratory Digestive Lymphatic Urinary , (Jenerative h Organs of Locomotion 18 Connective tissue i:? Skin 20 3 2 60 21 1 3 3 2 27 1 3 149 2 5 IX I NJ CRIES. General. Local. . Poisons. Ptomain poisoning General Total 2 140 620 o O ■11 •10 •81 2 85 •21 •2fi •32 OB •83 •09 13 •09 3 00 ■04 1583 Ratio per 1,000. 5 26 3 50 125 00 36 84 175 5 26 5 26 3 50 47 36 175 5-26 33 33 10 .'i2 12 -2^ 14 03 ISO 87 261 -40 3 50 8-77 ,S1 57 .•51.57 22 80 35 08 350 245-61 175 1,107-32 175 1-75 1 75 5-26 10 51 1-75 1-75 3-50 1 75 1-75 10 50 •19 -28 -42 -00 -36 -45 ■21 ■10 ■45 ■15 ■22 •29 ■03 ■12 ■73 ■71 91 ■03 •24 •15 28 89 ■94 •15 526 •07 27 63 138 ROYAL yoRTIUVEST MOI STKI) POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 APPENDIX N. ANNUAL EEPORT OF VETERINARY SURGEON J. F. BURNETT, V.S., ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE. Regin.\, October 15, 1909. The Commissioner, E.N.W.M. Police, Regina. SiR^ — I have the honour to submit herewith my annual report for the year end- ing September 30, 1909. Apart from: a rather severe fonn of influenza which afiFectedl a larg-e number of horses in both Saskatchewan and Alberta, and which extended over a considerable length of time, lasting from mid-summer until late fall, the general health of the horses has been satisfactory. The outbreak of influenza which attacked horses of all ages was marked by severe febrile symptoms, accompanied by loss of appetite, and a persistent and painful cough, leaving the affected animals in a weakened condition and unfitting them for work for vai'.ving lengths of time. A rather peculiar disease affected a .small number of horses throughout the coun- try during the summer months, the symptoms being a swelling of the glands of the throat, usually those on the left side, difficulty in swallowing, a slight discharge from one or both nostrils, and a considerable discharge from the eyes. In some few, cases abscesses formed, the process being very slow, in the meantime the affected animal experiencing great difficulty in breathing. In the majority of cases recovery took place in the course of a week or ten days, while others lasted much longer, one horse stationed at Maple Creek has been off duty since June, while another belonging to Depot Division was on the sick list for two months. Pus smears from the abscesses submitted to bacteriologists for examination brought forth the reply that the disease was not strangles, no further information being volunteered. The following is a list of horses which died or were destroyed during the year : — Horse, Reg. No. 156, of ' C ' Division, died from rupture of the diaphram at ittloford, Nov. 23, 1908. Horse Reg. No. 188 of ' F ' Division, supposed to have been poisoned by the administration of boiled linseed oil, at Wadena, December 21, 1908. .Horse Reg. No. 2767, of ' Depot ' Division, was destroyed at the Big Muddy on account of it having broken its leg December 18, 1908. Horse, Reg. No. 2505, of 'Depot' Division, was killed by a Canadian Pacific Railway train west of Regina, January 23, 1909. Horse, Reg. No. 61, of ' G ' Division, was destroyed on account of an accident, the tendons of a hind leg having been severed. Daysland, February 22, 1909. Horse, Reg. No. 2884, of ' D ' Division, died from enteritis at Claresholm, April 15, 1909. Horse, Reg. No. 74, of ' C ' Division, died from injuries received to the spine, May 9, 1909. Horse, Rpg. No. 256, of ' Depot ' Division, died from sunstroke near Fort Qu'ApiK'lle, July 31, 1909. Horse, Reg. No. 7, of 'N' Division, died from unknown causes at Lesser Slave Lake, April 17, 1909. i UKronr or sii;r:r:n\ nr rxett. y.f<. '139 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Horse, Rep. Xo. 2711, of " D ' Division, fliefl from niptiiro of the henrt at INfiicleod, December 5, 1908. Hor.?e. Rcff. Xo. 29.^9, of ' II ' Divi.sion, was flestroyed in the Yukon on arcount of its having' broken a leg at Champagne Landing. September 25, 190.S. Horse, Reg. No. 16, of ' X ' Division, from internal injuries at Sturgeon Lake, August 5, 1908. The following- is a list of the eases treated d\iring the year: — Diseases of the circulatory system 2 " digestive system 25 " respiratory system 29 " ner\'Ous system 1 " muscular system 127 " glandular system 13 " osseous system 9 " nrinaiy system 2 " plantar system 71 " tegumentary system 25 Wounds, punctured 30 " lacerated 29 " incised 12 " contused 63 Eighty remounts were purchased during the year, the following being the names of the parties from whom the horses were taken over, the number supplied by each, and dates of purchase: — J. D. McGregor. Bow Island, Alta., Nov. 6, 190S 9 H. M. Hatfield, Pincher Creek, Alta., Nov. 10, 1908 5 H. Millar, Pekisko, Alta., Nov. 13, 1908 9 F. Sparling, Macleod, Alta., May 8, 1909 1 W. Byers, Maple Creek, Sask., June 10, 1909 6 J. Walker, Calgary, Alta., June 14. 1909 3 G. Hoadley, Okotoks, Alta., June 15, 1909 2 D. Warnock, Pincher Creek, Alta., June 17. 1909 1 A. Flemming, Pekisko, Alta., June 21, 1909 1 H. Millar, Pekisko. Alta.. June 21, 1909 14 R. M. Broderick, High Riv°r, Alta., June 21, 1909 1 E. Brosseau, Fort Saskatchewan, Alta., June 29, 1909 3 J. Hull, Kamloops, B.C., July 14, 1909 7 H. :\r. Vassey, Kamloops, B.C., July 15, 1909 2 J. Hull, Kamloops, B.C., July 26, 1909 7 W. J. Roper, Kamloops, B.C., July 26, 1909 1 J. Walker, Calgary, Alta., Aug. 6, 1909. . . .- 2 G. Hoadley, Okotoks, Alta., Aug. 7, 1909 12 W. Penland, Medicine Hat, Alta., Sept. 3, 1909 2 Thirty-seven horses and four pack ponies were east and sold, the horses having an avrage of seven years' service. While the horses sold were unfit for further work in the force they were not worn out by any means, and brought good prices, farmers being the principal buyers. During the year I visited all of the divisional headquarters of the force in Sas- katchewan and Alberta, and found that the horses were being well looked after, the stables comfortable, and the fodder supplied good. At this post a new stable is required, also an addition to the infirmary. 140 ROYAL XOKIHWEST ilOI XTED Pdl.HF. 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 At the different divisional headquarters I found the shoeing satisfactory and a general improvement in the shoeing of the horses on detachment, due no doubt to the fact that a better class of blacksmiths are coming to the country. Lectures on veterinary matters and on the care and management of horses have been regularly delivered both to the winter class for corporals and also to the recruits. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, JNO. F. BURXETT, Inspector, Veferinary Surgeon. 'J 1 iUirnllT OF nsPECTOR PELLETIER 141 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX 0. rATlJOL KEPOUT IXSPEC'TOR E. A. I'EI.LETIEK. FORT SASKATCHEWAX, ALBERTA, TO CHESTERFIELD INLET AND FULLERTON, HUDSON BAY, AND RETT^RX TO REGIX"A via riTI-RrTriLL. HUDSON BAY Royal Xuhtiiwest Mul xted Police, Commissioner's Office, Reoixa. April IT. 1909. Til,' ConiiJtruller, R.N.W.M. Poiiee, Ottawa. Ontario. Silt. — I have the honour to transmit herewith report of Inspector E. A. Pelletier, who commanded the patrol across the northern part of Canada in 1908. This officer, accompanied by Corporal Joyce, Constable Walker, and Constable Conway left Fort Saskatchewan on the 1st June for Athabaska Landing. From there the party proceeded, partly by steamer and partly by canoe, to Great Slave Lake. They left Fort Resolution on Great Slave Lake on 1st July, and travelled via P-ike Portage, Artillery Lake. Hanbury River, and Thelon River, to the Hudson Bay at Chesterfield Inlet, where they arrived on the 31st August. At this point they were met by a party in the Coast boat MacTavish, which wsa cluutered by Superintendent Moodie from the Hudson Bay Company for the purpose of meeting Inspector Pelletier and his party. L'nfurtunately the MacTavish was wrecked on the way to Churchill, and the party was obliged to proceed to FuUerton, whei-e we have a Police post, and await the freezing up. On the 29th November they started with dog trains overland for Fort Churchill, \.liicli they reached on the 11th January. There they remained until 7th February, and ivarhcl Cinili. a railway station on the west shore of Lake Winnipeg, on the ISth March. The total distance travelled by this patrol from rail to rail was 3,3-17 miles. No natives or guides were employed from Great Slave Lake to the Hudson Bay. This portion of the journey was made without any mishap whatever. The most diffictdt and dangerous journey was from Fullerton to Churchill owing to the extreme cold and lack of fuel, and the very .short days. Tile only mishap was the wreck of the MacTavish, which was quite unavoidable. Of the many long and arduous patrols perf.irmeil by this force, this has been the most extended and difficult. I would reque-st that you would bring to the attention of the Right Honourable the Prime Minister the very satisfactory way in which Inspector Pelletier has per- formed this duty, together with the following Non-Commissioned Officers and Con- -stables :— Reg. No. 3.571 Sergt. McArthur, D.; Reg. No. 3347 Corpl. Reeves, F. W.; Reg. No. 3493 Corpl. Joyce, M. A.; Reg. No. 3829 Const. Walker, R. II. ; and Reg. No. 4217 Const. Conway. P. R. I have the honour to be, sir. You obedient servant, A. BOWEN PERRY, Commissioner. 142 UOYAL .Win/JWE.sT MOl \TEU I'OLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 R. N. W. M. Police, Regina, March 21, 1909. SiHj — 1 have the honour to hand 5'ou this my report of a i)atrol across the northern part of Canada from Great Slave lake to the Hudson Bay. In accordance with instructions received from you at Regina in April, 1908, I lost no time in getting the outfit required in readiness, and by the 1st of June was pulling out of Fort Saskaehewan for Athabaska Landing. I was accompanied by Reg. No. 3493 Corpl. Joyce, il. A. ; 3829 Const. Walker, R. H. 4217 Const. Conway, P. R. We were delayed a few days at the Landing, freight not arriving in time from Edmonton, the trail being in very bad state due to incessant rain. We left Athabaska Landing on the evening of the 6th June in the H. B. Coy.'s freight scows, there were no steamers plying between Athabaska Landing and Fort McMurray at that time. We reached Fort McMurray on the evening of the 13th, the journey from Pelican Rapids being more or less dangerous. Grand Rapids is the only one which necessitates a portage when going down with scows. While going over the big cascade the scow I was in broke in two; all tlio goods that were in it got wet, but I'ur outfit being packed in anticipation of such accidents got out of the mess uninjured. This accident helped greatly in breaking the monotony of scow travelling, and a few merry anecdotes were got up over the incident. The steamer Grahame, stern wheeler, arrived at McMurray on the night of Tues- day the 16th. Superintendent Routledge was on board. I handed over to him his mail and despatches. The loading up of the Grahame took over two days and on the afternoon of the 19th we pulled out for Smith's Landing stopping at Fort Chipewyan on the way. A portage of about 12 miles is made fnmi Smith's Landing to Fort Smith over a good wagon road. The freight is taken over either by horses or oxen. At Fort Smith I found that the new H. B. Company's steamer McKenzie River would not leave until the 2nd of July. This was too much of a delay and I decided to leave there with canoes instead of Fort Resolution as were my instruc- tions. Transportation and other accounts were gone over and signed and the follow- ing morning, June 2(), we pulled out. We went down a few miles, landed and ftraightened our outfit. The canoes had sustained the journey over trails, rough wagon roads, &c., wondei-- fully well and bar a few scratches, were in perfect condition. The outfit having been well packed in pieces not to outweigh 50 jjounds each, fitted nicely, each canoe was loaded to about 1,000 lbs. The provisions and equipment were meant for a three months journey on the off chance that the relief boat which was to be sent from Churchill to meet us at the mouth of Chesterfield Inlet at the latter end of August, failed to be there. Const. Walker took the bow and I took the stern of the leading canoe, (^onst. Conway the bow and Corpl. Joyce the stern of the 2nd canoe. This order was kept all the way. One was an 18-foot length, 42-inch beam, the other 18J-foot length, 43 inch beam, both 18 inch deep, longitudinal strip cedar, varnished, fitted with oars for hard pulling against strong winds on the lakes, we had a good stock of paddles and 55 foot lateen sails. They each weighed one hundred and twenty pounds (120 lbs.) portaging weight. Fort Resolution was reached on the afternoon of the 30th June. The weather had been very hot and still, and myriads of mosquitoes which made fast time out of the question. The distance is about 180 miles, the current is slow and even. The banks at Fort Smith are very high, I should say about 125 feet, they gradu- ally become lower as one goes down until when near Great Slave lake they are low lying and swampy. HEI'ORT or l\sl'h:rr<)l! riJ.I.KTIEl! 143 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 The river was high, water very muddy, and driftins' trees abundant. At Fort Resolution I found it advisable to hire two breed.s with their canoe to help us across the first and Iduscst 'traverse.' about 12 miles, and on the morning of the 1st Jul.y three lightly loaded canoes left the fort. After going up and down stream, through small and large channels, we cleared the delta and reached Stony islands by sun- down, distance about 35 miles. Just as we were clearing the delta, about 6 p.m., we came into the Yellow Knives and Dog Rib Indians, hurrying to Fort Resolution in their York boats to await the treaty commissioner. The.v were a passable looking lot, fairly well dressed, reported a poor fur year, but seemed fairly well provided with the necessaries of life. The whole counted about 125 men, women and children. This was not the whole of the tribes. As we were approaching Stony i.slands a north wind got up and blew a gale for three days and we .were forced to remain there, wind bound. On the evening of the 4th the wind died down and by midnight the waves were sufiBciently decreased to allow VIS to pull out and, by the time we reached Stony Point, about 12 miles dis- tant, the Traverse was fit to be undertaken. While following the shore we sighted two York boats far out heading for Fort Resolution. The breeds informed us that they were more Dog Ribs going to Resolution for treaty. We had breakfast at 5.30 a.m. of the 5th and headed across the long and dreaded Traverse. There was a light wind blowing favourable for sailing, but about midway it looked for a while as if we were to be in for some trouble, but fortunately the wind abated before a dangerous sea was raised. We made the Traverse in tvpo hours and a half strong paddling, rowing, and a fair breeze in the sails. I consider the Traverse to be all of 12 miles. What makes the Traverse look so dangerous for canoes is that the opposite shore (a succession of small rocky islands, some bare, some very sparsely wooded), is hardly discernable from the other side, even with glasses, it is like starting across the .sea almost. The weather keejjing calm the breeds were in a hurry to go back, they were paid off and left without delay. We reloaded our canoes and left with their former cargo, had a light lunch, and the four of us, without the assistance of any guides or natives, began our journey across to the Hudson bay. We had left the low, muddy .^hallow shores and came upon mcky banks, deep and beautifully clear water. The balance of the day wo paddled and sailed through small and large islands mostly steep rocky banks vegetation getting more and more luxuriant. All the while keeping the N.N.E. direction. On the following day, the 6th, we circled a large island and keeping the same direction by noon came into a large opening of the lake. There were a few fish stages at that place. In the fall of the year it i.s a favourite place for the ' Inconnies.' commonly known as ' Connies.' a large fish of the salmon species for which Great Slave lake is renowned. We kept on the right sliore and by noon of the following day the 8th we reached tiie entrance of Christie bay, a strong wind was blowing, and we were mud bound at the Traverse. At about 8 p.m. the wind having died down, we made an attempt to get across but had to pull back as we were nearly swamped. We made a more .successful attempt at 11 p.m.. and by 12.30 we were across. I should judge the Traverse to be from cutbank over boulders and deep crevices to come on the level with the rushing water. It is a scene of grandeur to witness. A deep chasm, perpendicular walls of over 50 feet surmounted by pinnacles of most peculiar appearance, as if on the verge of falling in the abyss below to be buried in the rushing white foam that roars and bounds from one ledge to another into a deep boiling, steaming pool. Below the canyon is a little lake encircled by white sand banks. The canyon is very tortuous, and I made a short cut back over some good ground, slightly wet in spots only, and not so badly encumbered with boulders, merely a few mounds of stones here and there on the largest ones to show the best trail to follow. It w'as seven o'clock when I got to camp. I intended to take a few snapshots of the canyon, but unfortunately was com- pelled to leave without. On the following day, the 5th August, we portaged our outfit over, except the canoes. The black flies were most annoying, the weather was sultry and showery. We then took the canoes over, loaded and pulled out. We went down into a deep cut of rock for a few yards, and landed above Fords Fall, where a portage of a half mile is necessary, best made on the right bank. We camped at foot of portage. On the morning of the Yth we pulled out. Eight or nine miles of good river brought us to Helens Fall. A landing was effected about 200 yards above the falls on the right bank, they have about sixty feet drop. We had to portage about 700 yards before we could find a sufficiently good place to launch our canoes, the water is very swift all the way for about another half mile, where there is another small fall of about ten feet drop, necessitating a portage of about twenty-five yards over the ledge (left bank), below the ten feet fall there is swift water for about three miles. The rocky formation of the country alters perceptibly, and we were going down a slow stream with clay and gravel banks and a few sandy shoals here and there. Eight or nine miles below the last fall we came on the Thelon river, which is very slow and wide at the junction. We went across on the right bank, and camped for the night about one mile from the Hanbury river in a clump of spruce trees. There is a cache erected here by Tyrell. We reached the Thelon at 7 p.m. of August 7. Game. — No game was seen on the Hanbury but a deer or two at the upper end. Innumerable iiaths beaten by them were very distinct all the way, but we saw no fresh tracks denoting recent passage. REPORT OF IXSPECTOR PELLETIBR 153 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Many wolves were seen at the foot of Fords fall, five were in a pack. Fish were abundant above Macdonalds fall, below neither net or line were used. I think that few fish are to be found on account of the big falls and short stretches of lively water between. Vegetation. — A good amount of wood for fuel is available on the Hanhiiry river. In plafes timber is of fair dimension. In one or two ravines near Dickson canyon I would judge the timber to be of sufficient size to erect a comfortable log camp. Moss and grass grow very poorly down to Dickson Canyon. From Dicksona canyon on vegetation improves gradually until when below the last fall it becomes most luxuriant. The contrast is very noticeable. Inhahitants. — Nil, and no sign of Indian camps were seen. General Topography. — The country surrounding the Hanbury river alternates from rocky ridges to sandy stretches and rocks broken up, with country scattered with boulders. Near the Ifacdonalds fall the country takes a very rocky and broken up appear- ance, ridges of solid rock 200 to 300 feet high are numerous. Between those ridges are stretches of better soil. Below Dicksons canyon the general appearance of the country changes and improves all the way to the Thelon river. The country becomes more and more level, and is quite low and flat at the junction of the Hanbury with the Thelon waterway. The Hanbury is the most difficult stretch of water on the whole journey. The water is swift and fairly turbulent. The portages that are made are absolutely necessary at all stages of water. There are long stretches, of course, of good navigable water for canoes. The most turbulent part of the river is from Sandy lake to three miles below the last fall. Here rapids and falls are frequently met, and in places landings are difficult. Portages are all good, high and dry. Some are very stony though, with bad foot- ing, causing sore feet in a very short time, but they are the short ones, and are quickly gone over. TIIELOX Rn'ER. On the morning of the 8th August we began the descent of the Thelon river. The left bank is quite low, not so the right bank, which is high. The river is slow and wide, water very clear, good and deep. It runs over gravel and stones. About eight miles below the junction the river narrows between two high bluffs, and imme- diately beyond the water opens and the shores become low and sandy. Two miles bek)w the bluffs the main channel turns sharply to the right and bends to the left around a low island covered with thick willows and grass. The banks wash away and show very good and fertile soil. A few miles below is another island. Trees then become more numerous. The river takes a northeasterly direction, the banks grow gradually higher, and the river narrows over a ledge of rock, causing a stronger current. At this place the low sandy shore gives place to higher and rockier banks. A mile or two below another rocky ledge runs across the river. The water Grasses very swiftly, causing a fairly strong wave — it might be termed a short rapid. The country here is well wooded on both shores. Two miles below is another swift place easily run over by canoes. Then comes a straight stretch of river with gravelly shores ; good timber on both banks. Towards evening we ran the third short rapid and camped for the night around a bend and close to a bluff about 80 feet high. We travelled about 60 miles that day. On August 9 the weather was cold and cloudy, a strong north wind blowing, accom- panied by occasional drizzle. We travelled against a strong headwind until about 10 a.m., when we sighted our first musk ox. He was on a small island lying down asleep, and looked very much like a large overturned sod until suddenly he raised, and we were astonished at the size. I had always heard a musk ox was not a large animal. 154 ROYAL yoJi'TJiwEsr Moiyni) i'olk i: 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 This one we saw was a large bull of not very great height, perhaps, I would judge, about 13 hands, but of immense size and weight ; he would have sealed very close to 1,500 pounds. The long hair was coming down nearly to the ground, and when he decided to run away the fur on him was of such thickness and length that it waved up and down at every gallop as the wings of a bird flying. A few miles further down about noon we sighted another Musk Ox. He was on the north shore sleeping on the top of a grassy bank. Wc made much noise to attract his i'l'cntion. He suddenly rose, and looked straight at vis. While doing so I took a siiiijishit of him. I was hurrying another exposure in place when al! at ',nce he turned right about and disappeared over the bank. He was a large animal, but not as large as the first one. We were on the lookout for more, but saw none that day. We had laboured against a very stiff wind all day, and did not make much progress. If it had not been for the current taking us down we would have been compelled to lay over. Towards evening the wind calmed down a bit, and we travelled faster. Wood be- ';ame scarce, and we camped for the night on a big gra.ssy flat with a clump of trees at the back of it on a little mound. Distance travelled about thirty miles. T got to the top of the mound, and with my glasses I could see an immense tract of prairie country growing good grass with a few little low trees in the far distance. This tract of land if situated in a more Accessible spot would certainly make the very )>est ranching covmtry, and there are many more stretches like this on the Thelon river. On the morning of the 10th, just after we had left camp the wind got up strong from the same quarter. We had a few stiff pulls against it around the points, but the river gradually flowing more and more towards the east -southeast we were able to enjoy a good sail in the afternoon. We sighted one Husk Ox in the morning. It was the third and last we saw. We saw innimierable tracks though, and at certain times of the year large herds must frequent the shores of this river. Towards evening the country, which had got quite barren at" about noon time, . resumed again a green and fertile appearance, ajid became well wooded. We circled large islands, passed through some fairly wide lakes, and camped near a place called on Tyrell's map ' Lookout point,' ' Old Eskimo camping ground.' With the wind in our favour all the afternoon we made a big day, having travelled nearly 60 miles. On the 11th it was blowing hard from the northeast. A few miles down stream brought us to Lookout point, a sixty foot sand ridge, from the top of which we got a good view of the country. Timber is quite plentiful around. We delayed there a good two hours, the wind coming furiously around the point. We put up a flag on a long pole and wrote our names and date of passage on it. We stuck one end of the pole in a hole under a clump of ground willows at the summit of the ridge. As soon as the wind fell we left, circled around the point, and travelled about eight milf E and stopped for lunch. Country becoming barren in places. Immediately after lunch we left and passed through some low bouldery country almost bare of vegetatiDn for about five or six miles, then the country assumed a better appearance, and timber became larger and thicker; until it became a continuous forest alike on both banks, and as thick as on any river on the timbered belt. This kept on for about ten milp.=5, and we camped near a bluff of about eighty feet high, at the edge of the tiniber. On the morning of the 12th the ground was white with frost, and the ice on a kettle of water was a quarter of an inch in thickness. The sun got up warm, and the ■weather was perfect. We left, circled around the bluff, the river here flows due north, and has an even slow current of about two miles an hour. The country alters to low lying, and timber again grew but very stimted, and only in bunches which gradually became more scattered, and after fifteen miles disappeared totally to give place to long willows along the banks with large grassy flats further in. REl'OUr OF IXSI'Kcroh- I'ELLETIER 155 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Far to the northwest could be seen a high range of bare hills running in an easterly direction. Gradually they are approached, the river becoming wider, and current slower, until when close to it the river takes a sharp bend to the east, narrows, and flows faster, both shores becoming barren, steep and rocky. About one mile below the sharp bend we came to a camp of Eskimos, the first encountered. There wjere three deer skin teepees, seven women and about ten children. All the men had gone away to the Hudson Bay to trade with the whalers at Fullerton. They were a jolly lot, well provided with nets and useful articles, be- sides having a good supply of fancy goods such as looking glasses, combs, beads, &c. They were well off; had any amount of fish. They also had about fifteen dogs as good a pack of Huskies as I have ever seen. In a word they were a well to do lot of natives. They were glad to see us, we gave them tobacco, fishing hooks, tea and other little articles We got on the opposite bank and camped for the night. The following day, the 13th, we reached Beverly lake by noon, after having run over two pretty swift places. We had the sun in our eyes, and could not very well size up the water until w-e were into it. It is not dangerous water, but there are some sharp bends in it which require prompt execution, and as one approaches Beverly lake (Ti-be-i-lik) the country becomes lower and resumes a gravelly, stony or clay formation Game. — Fi-om the junction of the Ilanbury down for over half its length, or about 150 miles, we saw innumerable tracks of Musk Ox, some fairly fresh, and on both banks. We saw actually only three, and they were solitary bulls. At the lower end deer are very numerous, at certain times of the year. At their favourite traverses or crossings the ground is netted with deep well defined deer trails. We saw only one deer on the whole of the Thelon. I am told by natives that deer in the fall and spring are seen by the thousands on their migration north and south. Fish is abundant. Anywhere where nets are set white fish of splendid quality are caught. Vegetation. — The banks of the Thelon are very well stocked with timber. Of course there are fairly long stretches on which wood is very scarce, principally at the lower end, but still fuel is found everywhere, either drift or standing. The best stretches of solid timber are from about twenty miles below the Ilanbury and extend for sixty miles. That stretch is nearly without interruption. There is another stretch of about ten miles, fifteen miles below Lookout point, and at numerous other places good timber, but in smaller quantity, is seen. This timber does not extend very far inland. It varies from a few yards deep to two or three miles. In some parts the timber extends still further inland. Lumber of fair size from six to ten inches in diameter is abundant. All the timber is spruce. There are large stretches of prairie country growing grass profusely. The soil seems to be most fertile. I am told the river opens in May. If such is the case I would judge that some of the hardy vegetables would grow there. The days are very long in summer. Inhahitaiits. — The only natives met on the Thelon were a camp of Eskimos at the lower end, about twenty-five miles from Beverly lake. Signs of old camps were seen in the way of trees, cut years ago, but we saw no mark showing recent camps. The Eskimos go to the Thelon only to provide themselves with wood for making their sleighs and kayacks, or to get poles to erect their teepees. The Eskimos do not like timber on account of the flies in sumincr and soft snow in winter. They like the open barren coast where the wind has full sweep, where the snow packs hard in winter, and where game is permanent. This stretch is thus left uninhabited by the Eskimos. The Indians do not in- habit it because it is too far from the trading posts, and because there is no birch for them to make their canoes. 156 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 It is a good country for prospectors. A prospecting outfit going there would find plenty of good timber to build their camp, and any amount of fuel. They would have to carry only a certain kind of provisions, for fish is abundant. Musk Ox and deer at certain times of the year are very numerous. There is good fur to be had in winter besides Musk Ox, such as foxes, wolves, wolverines, brown bears, and perhaps mink and marten. Water courses. — The Thelon river is an even flowing stream, there are no rapids of any account on the whole stretch. A few short stiff places are met, but all are easily run by canoe. Topography. — The first ten miles of the river from the junction with the Han- bury is more or less accidented and rocky until the river flows between two high bluffs. Immediately below the country takes a different feature, is low and sandy, gradually the sand gives place to good fertile soil and again alters to clay, gravel and boulders, becomes more undulated, banks become steeper, the river narrows again, this time over ledges and rocks, and again becomes low and flat with good soil. Tim- ber becomes more and more abundant, the banks gradually become steeper and the general formation becomes more undulated. Timber then becomes scarce, and gradu- ally disappears, to be found only in favoured and sheltered spots. Large stretches of prairie are seen which give place to more broken and rocky country where timber grows in bluff.s. Then we come to sandstone cliffs. Immediately beyond the country again resumes its level, and fertile appearance. The water winds around islands, some of them of good size. The banks wash and show good fertile soil on which grow willows and grass. It again alters to clay, stone and boulders, which give place to uniform banks of about ten feet, on which timber grows profusely. Beyond is a barren stretch, fairly accidented, and again the low lying country with willows and grass. A high ridge of bare hills is seen in the distant north, running east and west. The river follows along the range winding through what I would call foothills, until it opens on Beverly lake. The country there is low lying. In many places along the Thelon, great sand bars are prominent, oreeks flowing into it do so over gravel beds and when this country is prospected I expect to hear of placer gold discoveries. BEVERLY LAKE TO MOUTH OF CHESTERFIELD INLET. On the afternoon of August 13 we were on Beverly lake. At the upper end the water is very shoal, long sand bars running almost across, leaving a narrow and tor- tuous channel. As soon as the bars are cleared water is good and deep. It was a warm, still day, and we rowed and paddled until dusk. The south shore is very much broken by bays and deep inlets, and it is well to steer clear of all the most prominent points, for at the lower end what may be taken for islands are in reality the main shore, and necessitate circling back around a long point if one, by mistake, gets at the bottom of one of these deceiving bays. The lower end of the lake is very sandy and gravelly and low lying close to the lake. We camped for the night on one of these little bays. On the morning of August the 14th a good northwest wind got up. We put up sail and kept close to the right shore, cutting from point to point. On our left were islands— some of large size. We were just turning a point when we sighted a husky camp. They sighted us, and assembled near shore. On approaching the shore I called out ' Chimo! Chimo!' which is the usual form of greeting when meeting Eski- mos in these lands. We were much surprised to hear a ' Good morning I in answer. Walker expressed his astonishment by saying 'Holy smoke!' to which the native, misconstruing his meaning, replied very fevently: 'Me no smoke; me no tobacco!' We made a landing, and I discovered that the chief of the camp was Ameryah, com- monly known as Lucky Moore. He speaks good English ; he is one of the natives who accompanied Hanbury on his long voyage to the Arctic coast and up the Copper- REPORT OF INSPECTOR PELLETIER 157 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 mine river. The canoe ITanbury gave him he still had, very carefully hauled on the beach. Ho was well dressed with white men's clothes, and had very little the appear- ance of a native. We stayed there for about half an hour. I gathered from him much information relating to our course and where to find natives. The only camp between there and the Hudson bay, he informed me, was at the foot of Baker lake, south of Boswell island. He was much interested in the maps I had, and recognized with great glee and gusto every prominent point on the tracing, which speaks highly for the maps made by J. W. Tyrrell. We gave them a few presents of tobacco, matches, needles, hooks, knives, &c. in return for which they gave us a few deerskin coats and boots. He told me we would need them before many days had elapsed. They all ex- pressed wonder at seeing no Indians or natives accompanying us. The wind was still strong and favourable, so we hurried on. We made a passage through some islands, enti-y being about two miles from the native camp, on the left- hand side. Here we kept circling around islands in every direction until we came to a high butte about 50 feet high, where we stopped for lunch. I went on top of the hill and could see the river fairly well defined. We were in the midst of a small archi- pelago. In a northeasterly direction we could see a high sand ridge, which is a good land mark to follow into Aberdeen lake. The wind remained in our favour all the afternoon. On a few occasions we came to a jjerceptible current, which denoted we were on the right way to the outlet. About sundown the wind died down, and we reached the fii-st point on Aberdeen lake. We kept on the north shore. I had then observed that all the strong winds came from the north or northwest, and by keeping on the north shore we were more liable to keep in shelter. The following morning we found ourselves windbound. The wind was in such a quarter as to raise waves that made it impossible to launch and load. We waited until noon, when, the sea having subsided, we load'^d and rowed and paddled. The weather was warm, and to the south black clouds were accumulating. We made be- hind a small island as the wind got up, and warm rain began to fall in torrents. This lasted for about half an hour, after which the weather moderated, and we again re- sumed our journey, rowing and paddling. Another squall overtook us shortly after, and very soon cleared away. We travelled until late that evening. The weather was threatening all day, and when the sun showed between the heavy black clouds it was very hot and scorching. During the night the wind rose from the west, and before morning developed into a gale. Tents were blown down, and we had to take shelter under the canoes. Fortunately, there was no rain, but racing clouds and no sun. The wind gradually got very cold, and the deerskin clothing we had obtained from Lucky Moore become very useful. We were windbound all day of August 16. On the 17th the wind had de- creased a good deal, but the lake was still very rough. At 10.15 we made a start. I waded to my hips in the water holding both canoes, while the balance of the party were loading. We had to resort to this expedient to keep the canoce from smashing them- selves on top of boulders and stones. At times a larger wave would break on me, then I would be up to my waist in icy cold water. As soon as the canoes were loaded we pulled out, circled long shoal points over which the waves were breaking and water was \Vhite with foam. The sea was very high, but being long and not choppy there was not much danger unless one got in a shoal place on top of a breaker. We circled a few points, and came to better shelter with a good landing beach. We immediately made shore. Driftwood was very scarce, b\it after a good hunt we gathered sufficient for cooking a meal. The sun was not showing yet, but the wind was grarschel island on the morning of the 21st May, 1909, accompanied by Const. Kinney and the interpreter with the Herschel island Detch., train of dogs, and native Roxy with a train of dogs, who I hired to bring part of the supplies to Escape reef. The going was heavy owing to the fall of .snow and I camped at Kay point for the night. Left camp at 6 a.m. of the 22nd and had to camp at King Point at 3 p.m. Dogs about played out. The heavy ice between Kay and King points formed large pools of water and we struggled with the large sleds all day sometimes up to our waist in water, and had a very hard day. The ice was better east of King point and we made a good day on the 2r)rd camping on a sandspit five miles east of Escape reef. There were two families of natives camped hero and two at Escape reef, waiting for duck shooting. On the morning of the 24th Con.?t. Kinney and interpreter left this camp to return to Herschel island, leaving me to wait for the whale boat from Fort ^IcPher- son Detch. At 1 a.m. on the 14th of June Sergt. Selig and interpreter arrived with the whale boat from Fort McPherson. During all this time the natives only got seven duck, about nine small fish and a few squirrels, so I had to keep them from starving, and by the time Sergt. Selig arrived my supply of food was very small. As Sergt. Selig and the interpreter had had no sleep for a couple of nights, work- ing ice on the way do\vn. and it was a dead calm, we decided to get some. During th.^ day the ice drifted in, filling the bay, and we had to haul the boat on the beach to keep it from getting crushed. We dare not venture to take the boat off the beach until the 22nd, when we found that we could not stay longer, as we were then about out of food. Our food supply then was 15 pounds flour, seven pounds bacon, one-half pound tea and a little coffee and sugar. The natives could not set their nets owing to the ice, and there iwas no ammuni- tion in the party. After throe hours' hard work we managed to make our way through the ice and headed for the mouth of the river, where we arrived at .3 p.m. We took one family of natives to the WHiitefish station, where they could catch some fish, and as Roxy and his family wanted to go to the fort and work for Sten, we took them along iwith us. On the evening of the 22nd we tracked up the river about ten miles, until we came to a sm.ill river, when we camped and set a small net, the only one we had. 172 ROTAL XOirnnVKST MOVXTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 On the 2;)ril nncl 24th we had a strong head wind and could not travel. In those two days we caught about 70 small fish and dried 50 of them for the way up. At 2 a.m. of the 25th had a good fair wind and started up the river and sailed nntil 11 p.m., when the wind died down, and we rowed and tacked until 6 a.m., of the 26th, when we went into camp until 6 p.m. At this place we got 10 dried fish from a native camped here. At 6 p.m. of the 26th left camp and rowed and tracked until 9 a.m. of the 27th. when we camped on the big river. On the 27th, 28th, 29th and until 3 p.m. of the 30th we had to stay in this camp owing to head wind. Our food ran out on the 29th, but we got two fresh fish from a native going down the river; our last tea leaves we boiled for the third time at this camp. Things were getting serious, as there was no small river to set the net, when the wind changed and we started up the river at 3 p.m. of the 30th. The wind changed to a gale, but as it was fair we took three reefs in the sail and kept going, and arrived at the mouth of the Peel river at 6 a.m. of the 1st of July. We were very lucky in meeting Mr. Campbell, of the Hudson Bay Company, at the mouth of the Peel, who gave us a small piece of moose meat, but he had no tea. We rowed and tracked to Nelson's fishery, where two Indian families were camped. They gave us some fresh and dried fish, but they had no tea. After resting two hours and having a fair wind we sailed to Fort McPherson, the last 10 miles under two reefs, arriving there at 9 p.m. of the 1st of July, when we did justice to a good meal at the barracks. Tea is not indispensable, but one never misses the refreshment of a good cup of tea until he gets down to drinking muddy river water. Sergt. Selig deserves great credit in the way he handled the whale boat in the ice and during the gale, and in keeping his temper under all circumstances. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, F. J. FITZGEEALD, S. Sergt., In charge of Machenzie JRiver Dist. RF.i'Oh'T or .^i:i{(ii:AX'r .si-u.ia 173 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX R. TATItor. SKUOEAXT S. E. A. SELIG. HERSCHEL ISLAXD TO FORT MACPHERSON, APRIL. 1909. ilAclvENZIE RrVER DETACHMENT, Fort Macpherson Detachment, April 10, 1909 The Officer Commanding, , ^ ' Depot ' Division. R.N.W.il. Police, Eegina. ■■ Sir, — I have the honour to submit the following report of the second winter patrol, returning from Herschel island. Friday, April 2. — Sergt. Selig with train of dogs, interpreter running before the dogs, and hired native and train of dogs, left Herschel at 7 a.m., for Fort Macpherson. Had lunch at Kay point at noon. During the afternoon, we found the ice between Kay and King points ver.y bad, and the travelling worse. We made slow progress, making our camp in an old house four miles west of King point. Weather fine iwith slight northeast wind. — Forty miles. Saturday, April 3. — Left our camp at 7 a.m., and made very slow progress to King point. During this time the wind (head) got pretty strong. We came to an Esqui- maux camp about two miles east of King point and camped there for the day. They were hard up for food and we gave them what we could spare. There were four of them in the camp and the day before they had had two ptarmigan. — Six miles. Sunday, April -1. — Left the native camp at 7 a.m. and had good time. .Had a lunch at Shingle point at 10.30 a.m. Going good after lunch. Caught up to two natives with dogs, enroute to the Mackenzie, at what is called the ' Whitefish station.' Made a cup of tea at 2.30 p.m., five miles further on. We struck the mouth of Trout river at 5 p.m. and made camp. Weather fine in a.m. but foggy in p.m. — Forty-fotir miles. Monday, April 5. — Left camp at 7 a.m. Travelling up the river good. Made a cup of tea and had lunch at 10..30 a.m. and again at 2 p.m. Got to the big river about 3 p.m., continued going, and made camp at 6 p.m. The interpreter hurt his leg by falling in an ice crack coming along the coast, and felt sore to-day. Weather fine. — Fifty miles. Tuesday, April 6. — Left camp at 7 a.m. Travelling good. Had lunch at 10.30 n.iii. and rcacht'd Pokiak.« camp at 3.30 p.m., ^topping for the nijrht. I got dog feed from these natives for to-night and one night's feed for the trail. Weather cloudy. — Thirty-five miles. Wednesday. April 7. — Left Pokiaks camp at 7 a.m. and found a little snow on the trail, making the travelling a little bit heavy. We came to Goniaks camp at 9.30 a.m. They were short of food but were catching a few fish, and snaring a few rabbits. Had lunch at 10.30 a.m. At 3 p.m. we got to the middle branch of the MacKenzie, ni'd had a lunch at Kakatoos camp. Then- are three families camped here. They are getting some fish, a few rabbits, and have killed a few muskratg, the latter being as good food as the former in the spring. Found a lot of snow on this river. Camped on one of the islands in the river, 6.30 p.m. Weather fine.— Forty-five miles. 174 ROYAL \OI!ril\\i:!er. Weather fine. — Forty-five miles. GENERAL REMARKS. Our loads were heavy leaving Ilerschel island, as we were carrying green fish for dog feed, but each day saw us a good bit lighter. The natives that we encountered along the trail were running short of food, but they were getting around after fish and what rabbits they could snare. The dogs went well and there were no sore feet. During the last two days the interpreter had a lame leg and we took turn about run- ning before the dogs. The weather was not so warm as one would expect at the time of year, but excellent for travelling. On the whole this was about the best sled trip I have had, for good weather and travelling. I have the honour to be, sir. Your obedient servant, S. E. A. SELTG. Sergt. In charge of Fort Macpherson Detachmenl. REPOliT OF .STAFF SERGEANT ANDERSOy 175 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX S. PATEOL EEPOKT STATF-SEEGEANT K. F. ANDEESON, PEACE EIVEE CEOSSING TO GEAND PEAIEIE, AUGUST, 1909. Peace Eiver Crossing, August 29, 1909. Sm, — I have the honour to state that I went ou patrol to Grand prairie as in- structed by you, leaving Peace river crossing, August 10, 1909, with special John Knott engaged for the trip, and team horses Nos. 203 and 205. I passed through Dunvegan and Spirit river, and reached Grand prairie August 20, 1909, calling at the Eoman Catholic mission. Bear river bridge, Itr. Clifford, Flying Shot lake, and camp- ing for the night at the post office with W. H. Lowe, agent of Eevillou Bros, at Grand Prairie, who is an ex-E.N.W.M.P. man. The following morning I left Saskatoon lake for Beaver Lodge settlement, IC miles southwest, and called on several settlers, and also on Mr. McFarlane's survey camp at Bear Lodge river. As the mail of Augiist 15 came in just before I left for Grand prairie, I took all letter mail for points on the way, except registered mail. There being only monthly mail from Peace river to Grand prairie, it was very much appreciated by everybody, especially the survey parties, three in number; first being St. Cyr at Spirit river, McSIillan on the 17 base line, ten days south of Grand prairie 'McFarlane has the largest party (32), and is on contract survey with 12 teams of heavy horses. The new settlers are all preparing for the coming winter, putting up houses, and also doing some ploughing for next year. On inquiry I fuid that nobody is in any danger of want for the coming winter, and that those men, who footed it in last sum- mer, have all got work, and that the.y have also fastened on a homestead. The one man in particular, whom I was afraid would be in want, Charles Hogg, a one-armed man, had left Grand prairie for Edmonton some time ago on foot by way of Sturgeon lake and Lac St. Anne, and I was told he had some money to defray expenses. ^Ir. Cornwall, the new member for Peace river district, has authorized a road for sleighs to be cut from Grand prairie to Sturgeon lake, which will commence after haying is over. This will give employment to a number of men, and help the new- comers considerably, not only on account of the money paid out for wages, but on account of the road, making a trip to Edmonton 70 miles shorter, which means cheaper transportation for the settlers, who are bringing into Grand prairie 40 tons of farm machinery this coming winter, and those who left their families outside are taking them in as well. All the settlers are happy with the prospects, and have very bright hopes for the future. The axe party (32) are especially good class of hard- working men, and I predict future prosperity for them. The ' Steves,' a large family of grown-up sons and relatives, who came up last year, have picked up par- ticularly nice locations on Beaver river; in fact, all those who have taken land are first-class settlers, and will all do well. The ' Beaver Lodge ' potatoes have been touched slightly by frost, but not to any extent, some being untouched. Around Saskatoon lake nothing has been touched, or any other place except at Monkmans, who bad his garden frozen, being low down in swamp.v land along the West Bear river. Menkmans, however, has a fine garden and grain field at Cut bank, looking fine. Again, ^fr. Benson, on the extreme east end of Grand prairie is frozen o\it, but his land is amongst willows and hay swamps taken up for haying and grazing purposes only. These places mentioned 176 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOVNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 are very far apart, the prairie being about 75 miles long: by 40 wide; as I was informed, I could not see the end of it either way, and I travelled about 30 miles from east to west. No grain has been touched, of which there is about 200 acres, under oats mostly, and every prospect of successful harvest, and I should judge the average iwould be about 35 bushels to the acre. The groimd under cultivation on Grand prairie and Beaver loage settlements comprises about 200 acres of all kinds of grain and vegetables, mostly oats. There is no doubt but this quantity will at least be trebled during the coming year. There are quantities of onions, carrots, beets and parsnips, besides beans and peas grown, some of which I picked from a garden at Beaver lodge. The impression of Grand prairie on the mind of one when seeing it from Burned mountain for the first time, is something grand, and the prairie is well named. On a clear day, as it was when I was there, the Rocky mountains can be seen in the dis- tance, blue with patches of white visible here and there where snow and ice still remained; in front the prairie brownish green, with small patches of grain fields visible; and a number of lakes here and there scattered about blue in the distance below, with two rivers winding their way along the prairie. The Bear river, the long- est running into the Smokey river, and the Beaver Lodge river, which runs through the settlement of that name. The land is apparently rich, judging from the height of grass. The water is good everywhere, but timber is scarce, and has to be hauled long distance for building purposes. At Saskatoon lake, 15 miles is the shortest way to timber of any size. There were no fires anywhere on the trip and none to be seen. The fire guar- dian, Mr. St. Pierre Ferguson, is doing lots of travelling, and has posted a number of fire notices all along the trail, and in doors of half-breed houses on Grand prairie, with apparently very good results. One fire, however, happened in the early spring, which swept about two miles from Menkmans. This fire is completely out, and as far as I could find out, did very little damage, with exception of a few yards of fencing used by Mr. Menkman, when rounding up wild horses. I could not find out how said fire originated, but am of the opinion that McFarlane's survey party had something to do with it. I explained . to Mr. McFarlane about fires and told him to caution his men, as prairie fires in the fall of the year would be most destructive ; hay- stacks being all over without a fire guard of any description round them for protection. At the present time a number of horses are suffering from what they call ' hoof rot ' all over Grand prairie, and out of 24 horses owned by Mr. McFarlane eight are affected and can not be used, but are on the mend, however. I saw them limping around the camp. One colt was shot by Mr. W. Lane when I was there, which could not walk at all, and I was told that this was general all over. I was also told that when one in a band got it Che rest would get it, provided they received a scratch or crack near the hoof. The people say they would like somebody to come in and look at this. A veterinary, if possible, or if not, then send some remedy for it. I took the liberty to drive a stake in land bordering on Saskatoon lake on the west side, on which I cut R. N. W. M. P., in case you should wish a station there. This side has free run to the lake and good water. All around this lake the land is taken up and this is the last lot. It is central for patrol purposes and near the business places of Revillon Bros, and the Hudson Bay Company, who are located on this lake. The English mission has jiicked out a site there also, and there is no doubt that the telegraph station will also be at this lake. There are, however, lots of very nice places all over, but I rather took a fancy to this place. If an officer should go up, I wish to take the liberty to draw his attention to this place, as to my mind a good site, all other lots bordering on Saskatoon lake, are taken up by settlers, except one which on account of the swampy nature of the shore is unsuitable. Horses could not get to water without wading through knee deep miad. REPORT OF STAFF SERGEANT ANDERSON 177 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 Two saw mills will probably operate on Grand prairie this cominff winter; one belonging to Messrs. Bomod Johnson and Brick, the other to O'Dare and Menknian ; so both lumber and shingles will be obtainable before long at, I believe, very reasonable figures. Logs can be procured at any place at about $1.Y5 per log laid down and hewed on two sides. Hay for about $8 per ton in stack. There is no fish in any of the lakes except Bear lake, the largest lake on Grand prairie, jaekfish and suckers. Fish can be no doubt cultivated in other lakes by im- portation, such as lake trout. Everything looked very orderly and peaceful, but I should say that the police should be stationed there in the near future, as about 100 settlers have taken up land there. The population, roughly estimated, should be about 300 men, women and children, Indians and all. On my way up, when camped at what they call the Forks of the road at the foot of Burned mountain, a terrific windstorm with rain and lightning overtook me, but only lasted for about twenty minutes. When I returned to Peace river cross- ing I found that a terrific wind storm or cyclone had struck the settlement on the same evening as it visited me at Grand prairie, but with far greater force. First it struck W. H. Carsens and carried the roof off his mill and the roof also of the engine house, as well as all fences on its way. Then it struck Mr. Brick's, M.L.A., and took the roof off his two storehouses, broke down the roof of his stable, and dam- aged his dwelling house by the roof of one of the warehouses striking the corner of th.' kitchen, which it tore considerably. The fencing was generally blown down all over the settlement ; that is in the path of the cyclone. Several others suffered losses. Nearly all the teepes and tents were blown down. Parts of roofs were broken down, six inches through, and moved four feet from the ground, as if mowed down by a mowing machine. There is one place in particular, below Mr. Brick's, where the cyclone actually struck. Arriving at the barracks from Grand prairie patrol on Aiigust 26, 1909, I found the wind had struck the barracks and carried away part of the police haystack; the stack being left flat and considerable damage was done to the hay, I, however, fixed a new top on it and gathered up all I could, but there are two tons which will have to be condemned as lost and damaged through the storm. Fortunately the cyclone did not strike the barracks, it passed some distance to the south, but I am told a terrible wind storm struck here with almost cyclonic force. Nobody got hurt in this settlement, which is a wonder, seeing that trees broke down and roofs, as stated, blew clear up and dropped some distance with terrific force to the ground, I was told that this storm came down in places, skipped places, and came down igain some distance away with rotary motion, which explain the damage done in spots. The crops are all right, having for the most part been cut at this time. Where the willows grew tall along the trail it was impassible during the storm, the willows landing clear across and closing it up. At the fork of the road I sat under a thick willow bush about six feet high and had .iu.st time to cover the buckboard with canvas and get oil coat on myself when the storm struck, almost blowing away the buckboard. The trees on the way all along are seen broken down, so the strong wind must have been very general, although the actual cyclone only struck Peace river settlement as (xplained before, I have the honour to be. sir. Your obedient servant, (Sgd,) K F. ANDERSON. Staff-Sergeant. 28—12 178 RdYAL xoirnnvEsr .vovyrEn police 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 APPENDIX T. PATROL EEPORT, SERGEAXT R. \Y. MACLEOD, FORT VERMILTOX TO HAY RIVER, JANUARY, 1909. ' N ' Dnisiox, Fort Vermilion Detaciimekt, March, 12, 1909. PATROL REPORT. The Officer Commanding, R.N.W.M. Police ' N" ' Division, Athahaska Landing. Sir, — I have the honour to make the following report of a winter patrol from this detachment to- mouth of Hay river on Great Slave lake. As per your instructions, dated September 12, 190S, I left this detachment on January 11, 1909, by a freighter for Hay river. At the end of a wagon road, leaving instructions with the interpreter, B. Cardinal, for himself and J. Bte. Sowan (whom I had hired at $2.25 a day for himself and his dog train) with two dog trains to leave on January 1.3, 1909, and catch me up I took all the rations, dog feed, &c., with me. The weather was so very cold and trails bad the freighter did not make good time and the dog trains caught us up on the morning of January 15 about halfway to Hay river. I loaded the dog sleighs and proceeded ahead of the freighter, but the cold weather and heavy trails still delayed the party and we did not reach the end of the horse track. Hay river till 9 p.m., January 17. On finding I would be short of dog feed, and unable to get any reliable information of the country through which I was to travel, I bought 100 lbs. flour and cooked it for the dogs. There being no trail at all any further and the snow very deep, 2J feet, I hired an Indian named ' Pierre ' tn g-o with me to helo break trail, at 5 skins per day ($1.fi.-,). On January 20 I pulled out for Great Slave lake with three men on snowshoes ahead of the dogs, and one man behind driving the two trains. We continued on in this manner for 5J days, when the Indian turned back to the horse track as I did not need him any more. The river got wider and gave the wind a chance to make the snow harder, in some places hard enougli to carry the dogs. Of course the sleighs were not so heavy either. After the Indians left us two of the party were ahead of the dogs and one driving, and without any mishap we arrived at the mouth of Hay river. Great Slave lake, where there is a settlement of Slavis Indians, on February 3, 1909, being 24 days out from Fort Vermilion. Two of the train dogs were completely worn out and the other six dogs were in a miserable state from sore feet although we had used 6 dozen dog shoes on the way. On January 27, just before we came to camp, Sowan .shot a two-year old bull moose about 100 yards from the river bank and next morning we went out with the two dog trains and brought in the meat and dried it as well as we could. Cashed some of it and took the remainder on with us, picking up the cache on the return trip. After we got almost 100 miles down the river from the Horse track we saw moose ■tracks all the way to within twenty miles of Great Slave lake, and we saw three moose, we did not .shoot as we did not need the meat. We did not see a snowshoe track in the whole distance of 238 miles, which accounts for the moose being so plentiful. One fox track was all the indication of fur to be seen. nEI'ORT OF SERGEAXT MACLEOD 179 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 From Fort Vermilion for about sixty miles the country is prairie with small poplar bluffs scattered over it, and the next twenty-five miles is mostly pine bush with liere inul there a small prairie, then on into Hay river at Horse track is prairie with poplar bluffs and willow scrub, a total distance of 110 miles from Fort Vermilion. Three years ago the government had a road cut out, corduroyed, and graded the entire distance suitable for a wagon road. Previous to that time an Indian pack trail was the only way to travel. The Hudson Bay Company and Revillion Erothei-s each built a sales shop and residence at the end of the wagon road on the south bank of Hay river, and have been doing business there in the winter only, for fur. There are no white people in the country closer than Fort Vermilion. The country between Hay river and Fort Vermilion is nearly all apparently suitable for farming, with a plentiful supply of wood and water. The Hay river is about 100 yards wide at the Horse track (local name) and is fed by numerous muskegs to the north of Dunvegan on the Peace river, and the S. E. slope of the divide between the Peace and the Liard rivers. Several large creeks join together about thirty-five miles west of the Plorse track and from a shallow lake known as Hay lake, about forty miles long and fifteen miles wide, a known resort for wild geese and ducks in their annual flights. After leaving the Horse track on January 20. we followed an old Indian trail for twelve miles on south bank of Hay river, from there for 166 miles to Alexander falls. Three smiill bands of Indian horses were wintering out on this portage which is a piairie with poplar bluffs. From where we left the portage and went down on the river the high banks dis- appear and the country on both sides is a level country covered with moss and scrub pine and is a sort of muskeg. The moss in some places is three feet thick, and four feet above the level of the river, in fact the river looked as if it had just cut through the country. There is no bush and very little wood along the river. At Alexander falls there is an old Indian portage on the north side which we followed for three miles and went down a very steep rock into the canyon below the falls. There is cut rock on both sides of Hay river for two miles above the falls, about 20 feet "high. The falls have a sheer face of about ISO feet, in the shape of a horse- shoe, of white limestone formation. One and a half miles below is another fall of about 60 feet and below these falls for about twelve miles is a box canyon of rock of the same forr"ation. Very little water wa.s going over as I passed down ana none when I returned. An immense iceberg had been built up to the top of the falls, the bottom covering about four acres. The canyon below the falls is about 200 feet sheer face of rock on both sides. The country all the way to Great Slave lake is covered with a moss muskeg and scrub pine, in fact in some places there is not enough wood to make a camp for twenty miles. From the falls to Great Slave lake is sixty miles. The river is 200 yards wide below the falls and I think is a very slow current all through and shallow in the fall of the year, about 2 feet of water. I think the total length of the Hay river is about 450 miles. Hay river trading post on Great Slave lake is situated where the river joins the lake on the south bank, where I arrived February 3. 1909. The place consists of English and Roman Catholic Missions, Hudson P.ay Company. Hi.slop and Xagle, and Sweitrert Trading Companies and aliout twenty-five small buildings in which the Indians are living. A part of this band. Slavi Indians, winter at Buffalo lake, some seventy miles .south. I stopped with Mr. J. Mouvel, manager of the Hudson Bay Company, where I purchased rations for the two men with me. They stopped in an empty Indian shack. I obtained all the information I could about the buffalo range. The Indians informed me the Buffalo were never known to range west of Buffalo lake and it is years since they are known to have been two days travel east of Buffalo lake, which 28—12* 180 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 would be at least 125 miles east from Hay river. There is no feed for them, the country being all a moss muskeg and jackpine. On arrival at Great Slave lake, I was informed that Sergt. Field, of Fort Chipe- wyan detachment, and Corp. Mellor, of Smith Landing detachment, had gone down to Fort Simpson a week before and were expected back any time. I remained there a week and the dogs being well rested I left Hay river post on February 10, 1909, and arrived at the Horse traclv on February 19, and leaving the Horse track on February 22, I arrived at Fort Vermilion on February 25, 1909. This was a very hard trip on men and dogs. Deep snow and extremely cold weather. I intended to return to Fort Vermilion by Buffalo lake and the Fish lakes on Caribou mountain, which is shorter than by the Hay river, but I could not get an Indian guide on account of the deep snow and I returned on my own trail which was drifted full and nearly as diiBcult as making a new one. DISTANCES. ' Miles. Fort Vermilion to the Horse track. Hay river 110 Horse track to Alexander falls 178 Alexander falls to Great Slave lake 60 Total 348 To Great Slave lake from Ft. Vemiilion and return, 696 miles. Time, 44 days. I have the honour to be, sir, Tour obedient servant, (Signed) K. W. MACLEOD, Sergt., In charge of Fort Vermilion Detachment. » h'El'DRT OF SERGEAXT FIELD 181 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX U. PATROL REPORT, SERGEANT R. FIELD, CHEPEWYAX TO FORT SIMP- SON, JANUARY, 1909. ' N ' Dn'ISIOX. Fort Chipewvax Detachment, ilarch 5, 1909. The Officer Commanding, R. N. W. M. P., ' N ' Division, Athabaska Landing. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith the following report re my patrol to Fort Simpson, McKenzie river. Acting upon your instructions given me at Smith's Landing, Aug. 4, 1908, to patrol to Fort Simpson, and have Corpl. Mellor of the Smith's Landing detachment accompany me, to inquive into the report made by Inspector Jarvis, August 4, 1908, re bush fires and beer making in that part of the country. January 5. — I made preparations and engaged one, William Lepine and his train of dogs to assist in carrying provisions and dog feed for this long journey, knowing from previous experience that it would be impossible to hire a man and dogs at Smith's Landing or Fort William. My intentions were when I hired this man and dogs to make this patrol via the Buffalo country in a northwesterly direction from Salt river, coming out, if possible, at Hay river. January G. — I left Fort Chipewyan with Spl. Cst. Daniels and detachment dog train also William Lepine and dog train carrying supplies, &c. We arrived at Smith's Landing detachment Friday the 8th en route to Smith's Landng, William Lepine con- tracted a severe attack of pneumonia and died there February 11. It was impossible to hire another man and dogs here, they were all afraid to under- take the journey through the Buffalo country stating that the weather was too cold, and the snow exceptionally deep this winter. So I decided to postpone the Buffalo country trip, and instructed Corpl. Mellor to make this patrol later on in the season. Corpl. Mellor informed me that Interpreter Narcisse Mercredi was imfit to make this patrol to Fort Simpson, as he was very sick, after seeing him myself I concluded that it would be useless taking him on this long journey, I therefore engaged one, Wm. Brown in his place to drive the Smith's Landing detachment dog train, making arrangements with Interpreter Mercredi that he was to pay Brown's wages for this trip. We made preparations for the trip to Resolution and left there the afternoon of the 12th, with the following party: Sergt. Field, Corpl. Mellor, Spls. Daniels and Brown with two trains of dogs camping for the night at Fort Smith, we left there the following morning and arrived at Salt river 4 p.m., and camped for night with the Indian chief, I made arrangements with him to act as guide for Cpl. ^Mellor's party into the Buffalo country this spring. Left Salt river the following morning at 5 11. m.. the trail this year follows the 'Little Bnffalo river' to Great Slave lake, this in an improvement on the old trail, being much shorter and better sheltered. We noticed numerous moose tracks along this river, also several tracks of fox anrl Ivnx. 182 IfOYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 We arrived at Eeso.lutiou January 17, at this place we had to remain four days owing to a terrible wind storm which commenced soon after we arrived, and the ther- mometer registering from 40 to 47 below zero. The Hudson Bay Company's inter- preter who was en route from Fort Rae to Resolution was caught in this storm on the lake and had to remain out there for 24 hours, he was obliged to cover himself with his robes and blankets, it being impossible for him to find land until the storm moderated. While at Resolution I visited the different trading posts and found everything quiet and orderly. Great scarcity of fur reported by the traders, though moose and caribou are very numerous, the Indians being well supplied with meat. I also visited one, Dr. Eymer, who established himself there last year, he appears to be doing a great deal of good amongst the Indians, who have been suffering from an epidemic -which appears to have been general among them, causing many deaths. The doctor informed me that he was almost run out of drugs, and hoped that the government would come to his assistance this year and supply him liberally with some. He intimated that a government grant would be very acceptable, as he is getting little or nothing from the Indians for his services. I was advised by the Hudson Bay Company's agent at Resolution, to obtain the -assistance of a guide, who would act as a trail breaker, as the route across the lake and down the McKenzie river this year was very crooked and amid very rough ice and -deep snow. I engaged au Indian ' Theophile ' who gave great satisfaction on this trip. We left Resolution on the morning of the 21st, the thermometer registering 40 degrees below zero with a strong north wind, and arrived at Hay river after a hard cold trip on the afternoon of the 23rd. We left the following afternoon for Fort Pro- vidence, the trail to this place was fair and we made good time, arriving on the even- ing of the 26th. At Fort Providence, I decided to rest the men and dogs for three days, and also to inquire into the matter of beer brewing, and bush fires reported by Inspector Jarvis. The parties mentioned in his report were all away, but I found out from some of the resident Indians that it was a custom among them to start fires in the interior of the country for the purpose of moose hunting, as they say it is impossible to hunt where the bush is very thick, these fires naturally spread and cause a considerable amount of damage throughout the country. I, however, warned the Indians, and instructed the Hudson Bay Company's agent to warn them also, that they must discontinue the pra(p- tice, it being contrary to the ordinances, and informed them that in future any cases reported of them setting out fires, would result in their being prosecuted and severely punished. Regarding the brewing, I find that this is carried on to a considerable extent among the resident half-breeds and well-to-do Indians living around the post. The beer, so-called, is principally made of potatoes, hops, sugar and yeast. This combina- tion is allowed to fermexit and is strong enough to cause intoxication. I warned these men also that it was illegal to brew any intoxicant, and that in future they would be severely punished for the continuation of this practice. Not having the powers of a J.P., myself for the N. W. T., and there being no resident magistrate throughout the country, it was impossible to make any prosecutions, therefore, the only thing for me to do was to warn them. I would suggest that if this patrol is to be made annually, that a police oificer with the necessary magisterial powers accompany it. At this place I visited the trading post, great scarcity of fur is rejxirted here also, game and fish were also stated to be very scarce. The Indians were in a very destitude con- dition, this state being made worse by the traders having closed down upon them, giving no credit whatever, because of no fur, consequently the Indians are unable either to obtain ammunition whereby they could kill game, nor yet can they get nets wherewith to fish. :' ' I : ' REPORT OF HEKGEA-NT FIELD 183 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 The Indians spoke to me regarding treaty, wondering when they would be taken into treaty. I think the time has now arrived when something will have to be done, as they are in a deplorable condition. The Hudson Bay Company's agent at this place informed me that the trail iwas not open to Fort Simpson, and the ice very rough on the river and snow deep, he said, that it would be impossible for me to carry sufficient provisions and dog feed with the two teams we had with us, so I decided it advisable to hire another train of dogs to assist in carrying provisions, iSrc. ; therefore, with the three teams we left Providence at 6 a.m. January 30 for Fort Simpson, and camped the first night at ' Little lake,' about 30 miles from Providence. Here were several Indian families living. I visited all their camps and found them in a shocking state of destitution; they were sub- sisting totally on fish and very few of these; one man informed me that he had only four small jackfish for his family of five for a week, having no other food of any description, not even tea. We left the following morning at 5 a.m. and called in at some more Indian houses and found them all in the same starving state; i>ue of the Indians asked me to go with him a little way into the bush and see his grandparents. This I did and found them living in a brush teepee; they had eaten nothing then for five days, and were in such a weak condition that they could not move; they simply looked like skeletons. Around here there was siich an awful state of starvation that I sent a man back to Fort Providence to get provisiions for these old people ; he returned the following day with the food I had requisitioned for. On my return from Fort Simpson I learned that the old woman died the following day after the provisions arrived; undoubtedly the cause of death was over-eating after so long a fast. We proceeded on our journey and visited the various Indian houses along the route and found the same state of starvation everjTvhere. We gave a little food from our sup- plies where most needed, the consequence being that we were out of provisions for a day and a half ourselves before arriving at Simpson, February 4. All the train dogs were suffering severely from sore feet, Cpl. Mellor's dogs barely reaching Simpson, owing to the deep snow and very rough ice, their feet were skinned to the first joint; I knew therefore that these dogs would be unfit to make the return journey, so I made an exchange with the Hudson Bay agent for another train. The men were all tired and badly frost-bitten, so I decided to remain here six days and give them a chance to recuperate. The journey from Providence to Simpson occupied six days' hard travelling, the thermometer registering 40 to 58 below during the journey. Whilst at Simpson I visited all the traders, also all the half-breed and Indian families; here there is considerable destitution also owing to the great scarcity of fur throughout the country. At this place I also inquired into the brewing of beer reported by the Kev. H. L. Day and Insp. Jarvis, and found that the Indians and half-breeds do manufacture an intoxicating beer, and when excited by this stuff they cause frequent disturbances. The only thing that I could do was to warn them. I have already given reasons why I could do no more. I informed the Hudson Bay Company and traders to warn the Indians re the setting out of bush fires, as there were none of the Indians present during my visit. I learned that the Indians at this place are also very anxious to be taken into treaty. Concerning the Indian reported by Insp. Jarvis as being insane, I was informed by the Hudson Bay Company's agent that this man left for Fort Wrigley last fall, and was apparently in the best of health when he went, and showed no signs of insanity; it was reported to me that the man never was dangerous, though he acted in a strange manner at times, such as living alone and hunting by himself, and keeping aloof from the other Indians; since leaving Simpson nothing has been heard of him. At this point (Fort Simpson) I would strongly recommend that a detachment of two men be stationed: this, no doubt, would put a stop to beer brewing and they would also be in a position to enforce the 'Forest Fire Ordinance.' They 184 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 ment could connect with them there; in this manner we could have the entire Mc- Kenzie patrolled both summer and winter. During my stay at Fort Simpson the weather was extremely cold and showed no signs of moderating-, so on the morning of the 10th I left there at 5 a.m. on my return journey, resting men and dogs for a couple of days at each post, arriving at Smith's Landing February 25, having traversed very bad roads owing to the heavy snow and wind storms since passing down. I remained two days at Smith's Landing detachment, and left with SiJ. Const. Daniels on the morning of the 28th arriving at Fort ChipevTyan on the afternoon of March 2. Throughout my patrol I met with the greatest kindness and civility from the Hudson Bay Company's officials with whom I came into contact at the various posts; they gave me all the information in their power regarding the subjects of which T made inquir.y. The distance travelled during this patrol from Fort Chipewyan to Fort Simpson and return is about 1,400 miles. I have the liono\ir to be, sir. Your obedient servant, (Sgd.) R. FIELD, Serot., In rhnigf of Chi pewyan Suh-district. could also patrol from here to Fort Norman, and the men of the McPherson detach- •» I I REPORT OF CORPORAL ilELLOR 185 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX V. PATROL KEPOKT, CORPOEAL A. H. L. ilELLOR, SMITHS LANDING TO FORT LAIRD, JULY, 1909. Smith's Landing Det.\chmext, August 27, 1909. Officer Commanding, R. N. W. il. Police, Athabaska Landing. SiK, — I Lave the honour to submit to your notice report of patrol made by me to Fort Laird, on the Peace river, total distance travelled about 1,500 miles. I left Fort Smith on July 3 per the ss. McKenzie River, taking a canoe with me. Between Providence and Simpson, on the Mackenzie river, huge forest fires were burning on both sides, mostly some distance inland. Some, and probably all, of these fires were set out deliberately by the Indians in order to make a good moose country. There are, however, no justices of the peace in the country, so what can I do about it? I arrived at Simpson on July 8, and left for Fort Liard on the 9th per the Hudson Bay Company's scow. The Liard river is a fairly large stream, with a remarkably swift current. About 40 miles from the mouth there is a stretch of about 25 miles of rapids, which would effectually impede navigation by steamboat. The main tributary is the South Nahanni river, which empties into the Liard about 90 miles up. From the mouth of the Liard to the South Nahanni the banks are of clay formation, precipitous and covered with a growth principally of small polar and willows. In some places the river runs between high bluffs in a regular canyon. All travel up the Liard river is by means of the track line, as the current is too swift for paddling or rowing. I intended going up the Nahanni river also, but found it im- possible owing to the phenomenally high water. I met Messrs. Hoover and Atkinson at the mouth of the Nahanni waiting for low water to go up to their prospective camp, about 100 miles off. There are four in the party — Wade, Hoover, Grant and Atkinson. They came in last year to prospect for gold, but have had no luck as yet and are, I think, getting pretty sick of it. They say the Nahanni river is a bad stream, full of rapids and falls. They are camped right opposite the grave of the McLeod boys, but know nothing of the matter. From the Nahanni river to Fort Liard is a distance of 90 miles. The banks of the Liard on this stretch are not so precipitous in character, and pine and poplar are plentiful. Fort Liard is situated on a high bank just below the junction of the Black river with the Liard. It consists of three houses, the Hudson Bay Company, Hislop & Naglo and the Roman Catholic mission, each house being alxiut one-half a mile separ- ate from the other, Hislop & Nagle have closed their Liard and Nelson posts this year, however. The Liard Indians are certainly the most squalid impoverished lot I have yet met. They are at present starving, the fish lakes being geemingly exhausted, moose very scarce and no rabbits, I personally saw several very pitiful cases of starva- tion among them. They are very anxious to obtain treaty. They hunt principally along the foot of the Nahanni mountain, a range of considerable height, beginning at the Nahanni river extending to Fort Liard along the north bank of the Liard river, Ac- I I 186 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE ] 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 ■; cording to the priests there are about 250 Indians altogether who trade at Liard. Most of them have never seen a policeman before and my arrival caused considerable !, excitement amongst them. Fort Liard enjoys a much more temperate climate than this country, and splendid gardens are raised there. The Koman Catholic mission has been growing wheat and barley there for a considerable time, always with success. I am sending herewith a sample of their last year's wheat. I came down from Liard in a canoe with Inter- preter Shired ( ?) . Owing to the high water the rapids were all shot without any trou- ble. I had to wait a considerable time at Simpson's for the steamex, which, owing to adverse weather, was several days late. The chief of the Simpson Indians, rejoicing in the name of ' Norwegians,' asked me to tell the government that his Indians did not want treaty. The Waugh and Watu mining party passed Simjjson's on August 4 en route for Winw river. Two prospectors, Johnson and Jorgenson by name, also arrived en route for thy Nahanni river at the same time. The Roman Catholic mis.sion are building a new church at Simpson. Eev. H. L. Day, Protestant, has gone outside; Archdeacon Lucas taking his place at Simpson. There is nothing new at Providence. The Indians there are clamouring for treaty. I left Simpson on the 15th inst per the ss. McKenzie Eiver, and atter an unevent- ful passage arrived at Fort Smith on the 25th inst. The remains of young Baptiste Bouvier, who was drowned off the steamer McKenzie Biver at Little lake near Providence, last summer were discovered in July at Big Point near Providence and positively identified. Owing to the persistent wet weatlier I was uuable to get any good photos on. the Liard river as requested, but if the few I took turn out any good I will semd them on later. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant. A. II. L. MELLOR, Corpl. REPORT OF CORPORAL MELLOR 187 SESSIONAL PAPER No. 28 APPENDIX W. PATROL REPORT, CORPORAL A. II. L. MELLOR, SMITH'S LANDING TO BUFFALO COUNTRY, SEPTEMBER, 1909. ClIIPEVVYAN SUBDISTRICT, Smith's Landing Detachment, Sept. 30, 1909. The Officer Coiiimandiug, E.N.W.M. Police, ' N ' Division. Sir, — I have the honour to submit herewith my report, of my first patrol into the buffalo country, S.W. of Smith's Lauding. Accompanied by Joseph Beaulieaup and Interpreter Narcisse Mercredi, I left Smith's Landing on the 7th instant with two saddle and one pack horse. We took what is known as the summer trail towards Salt river, but owing to the difficulty experienced in negotiating two bad muskegs, we were unable to reach the river on that day, but camped beside a small lake about three miles this side. It rained heavily all afternoon and night, and as we had no adequate means of improvising a shelter everything got wet. Next day we started early and reached Salt river at 7.30 a.m., and halted for an hour and a half to dry our outfits. Salt river is a small stream, presently only ankle deep and intensely salt. From here we proceeded N.W. through about eight miles of small poplar, and then across a large stretch of prairie country. This is not prairie country in the generally accepted term, but simply ground of a marshy nature, perfectly flat, and covered with a luxuriant growth of grass. This would doubtless afiord splendid grazing land were it not that the water thereon is intensely salty and quite iniuscable. These prairies are of large extent stretching from Peace river, in the south, I am told, to Butialo river, in the north, a distance of over 100 miles. They are dotted all over with thick clumps of willows, the only trees growing thereon. We reached Beaver lake, a large lake situated in very rough country, at about 4 p.m. Buffalo tracks were very numerous here, but were all about a month old. We camped at a lake about eight miles west of here where buffalo tracks were observed. Wolf tracks were extremely numerous all day, the guide pointing out how these animals had been herding the buffalo until they had stampeded. Boar tracks were numerous here^ the timber passed through was sparse, no blazing the trail being possible. From here we crossed the 'Big Salt prairie.' following man,v recent tracks, but again found that the wolves had chased the buffalo in a southerly direction. The g-iide informed me that he had never seen so many wolf tracl« before; they seemed to be travelling in packs. We camped at Hay lake, the water of which is brackish, but which we were obliged to use, as we had had none since breakfast, the horses were tired as travelling had been hard. In the morning we set off on foot across the 'Bitter Muskeg,' carrying grub with UB. 188 ROYAL NORTHWEST MOUNTED POLICE 9-10 EDWARD VII., A. 1910 We found it impossible to get the horses across so had to leave them at Hay lake. We found buffalo trael